ACS1790T PLL Frequency Synthesizer with Integrated VCO FINAL DATASHEET ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP Introduction Features The ACS1790T is a high-performance, low phase noise, programmable frequency synthesizer with ultra-fine dynamic output frequency control. It can be used as a companion to a compatible ToPSync™ device to generate outputs locked to an external reference source or standalone for standard frequency generation for common applications. The circuit includes an integrated VCO, loop filter, phase-and-frequency detector and output dividers. The default power-up mode is definable by pin settings and once operational the ACS1790T is fully-programmable via an I2C interface. The ACS1790T requires only a low-speed external clock input for operation. When used in conjunction with a compatible ToPSync® device in a Synchronous Ethernet system the ACS1790T allows the Ethernet transmit clocks to be derived initially from the local reference oscillator and subsequently frequency-locked to an external reference source once the system is fully configured, simplifying system design and reducing component count and BOM cost. High frequency LVPECL output: 10 MHz – 200 MHz, 1 ppb step Low frequency LVCMOS output: 2 kHz – 125 MHz 1.8V, 2.5V and 3.3V operation Very-low frequency feedback clock output for connection to ToPSync® or external PFD Tunable over +/- 500 ppm range without loss of lock Integrated VCO, PFD and loop filter 2.3 – 2.7 GHz VCO frequency Typical RMS jitter performance for target application masks: OC-48, STM-16 (ANSI T1.105.03 & ITU-T G.813) 0.56 ps (12 kHz – 20 MHz) 1G Ethernet (IEEE 802.3-2008 38 & 39) 0.15 ps (637 kHz – 20 MHz) XAUI (IEEE 802.3-2008 Clause 47) 0.11 ps (1.875 MHz – 20 MHz) 10G Ethernet (IEEE 802.3-2008 53 & 54) 0.29 ps (4 MHz – 80 MHz) VDDF MODE IC VSSF LD OEB Pin Diagram 24 19 RESETB 1 OSCFSEL0 18 VDDA CLK OSCFSEL1 ACS1790T VDDD VSSA VSSD2 13 OUT2 Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Reference spurs: < -67 dBc 10, 12.8, 20 or 25 MHz input clock Operating voltage: 3.0 - 3.6V I2C -bus interface Four selectable slave addresses to allow multiple devices to be used with a single controlling master Lock detect output Pin and register output enable control Temperature range: -40 to 85C 4 x 4 mm QFN 24 package Pb-Free, Halogen free, RoHS/WEEE compliant product 12 A1 VDDD2 SCL SDA 7 A0 FBCLK VSSD 6 OUT1P OUT1N Page 1 Optimised for Synchronous Ethernet, SONET and SDH operation Meets RMS jitter requirements of Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet and OC-48 / STM16 Default options for 25 MHz & 125 MHz or 25 MHz & 156.25 MHz outputs at reset www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................................1 PIN DIAGRAM ....................................................................................................................................................................................1 FEATURES .........................................................................................................................................................................................1 BLOCK DIAGRAM ..............................................................................................................................................................................5 PIN DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................................................................6 DEVICE OPERATION ..........................................................................................................................................................................7 THE VCO PLL BLOCK ................................................................................................................................................................................7 THE OUTPUT DIVIDER BLOCK........................................................................................................................................................................8 THE OUTPUT STAGE ....................................................................................................................................................................................8 THE CONTROL BLOCK .................................................................................................................................................................................8 Reset ..................................................................................................................................................................................................9 USING THE ACS1790T ......................................................................................................................................................................9 HARDWARE DEVICE CONFIGURATION .............................................................................................................................................................9 Input clock frequency selection .......................................................................................................................................................9 Default output frequency selection............................................................................................................................................... 10 REGISTER-BASED DEVICE CONFIGURATION .................................................................................................................................................. 10 I2C slave address selection ........................................................................................................................................................... 10 I2C Write .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 I2C Read .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Register map .................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Register Descriptions ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 VCO CALIBRATION AND LOCK DETECTION ................................................................................................................................................... 18 FRACTIONAL DIVIDER DITHERING ............................................................................................................................................................... 18 OUTPUT ENABLE CONTROL AND SQUELCHING .............................................................................................................................................. 19 OUT1 and OUT2 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 19 FBCLK ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 OUT2 SLEW-RATE AND VOLTAGE CONTROL ................................................................................................................................................. 20 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 MAXIMUM RATINGS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 21 OPERATING CONDITIONS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 21 DC CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 22 RF CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 24 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................................................ 28 USING THE ACS1790T WITH TOPSYNC ................................................................................................................................................... 28 USING THE ACS1790T IN A STANDALONE APPLICATION .............................................................................................................................. 30 USING THE ACS1790T AS PART OF A PHASE-LOCKED LOOP ......................................................................................................................... 30 CONFIGURATION FOR A PARTICULAR OUTPUT FREQUENCY .............................................................................................................................. 31 Programming for the OUT1 output ................................................................................................................................................ 31 Programming for the OUT2 output ................................................................................................................................................ 35 Programming to use both outputs ................................................................................................................................................ 37 Programming the feedback clock output ..................................................................................................................................... 38 Configuration for common output frequencies ............................................................................................................................ 39 Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 2 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 43 PCB placement ............................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Output clock termination ............................................................................................................................................................... 43 Power supplies and filtering .......................................................................................................................................................... 44 APPLICATION EXAMPLE ............................................................................................................................................................................ 45 PACKAGING INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................................ 46 REVISION STATUS/ HISTORY ......................................................................................................................................................... 47 ORDERING INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................................. 48 DISCLAIMERS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 48 CONTACTS ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 48 List of Tables Table 1 : ACS1790T Pin Description ........................................................................................................................................................6 Table 2 : Input Clock Frequency Selection ..............................................................................................................................................9 Table 3 : Default Output Frequency Selection ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Table 4 : I2C Interface Slave Address Selection ................................................................................................................................... 10 Table 5 : ACS1790T Register Map ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 Table 6 : OUT1 and OUT2 Output Control ............................................................................................................................................. 19 Table 7 : FBCLK Output Control ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 Table 8 : OUT2 Drive-Type Setting ........................................................................................................................................................ 20 Table 9 : Absolute Maximum Ratings ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Table 10 : Operating Conditions ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 Table 11 : DC Characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Table 12 : RF Characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................ 24 Table 13 : I2C Timing Specification ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 Table 14 : OUT1 Output Division Ratios ............................................................................................................................................... 32 Table 15 : VCO PLL Prescaler Division Ratios ...................................................................................................................................... 32 Table 16 : VCO PLL Reference Frequencies ......................................................................................................................................... 33 Table 17 : Register Settings for 155.52 MHz Output .......................................................................................................................... 34 Table 18 : OUT2 Output Division Ratios ............................................................................................................................................... 35 Table 19 : Register Settings for 10.24 MHz Output ............................................................................................................................ 37 Table 20 : Register Settings for Ethernet (25MHz input) .................................................................................................................... 38 Table 21 : Feedback Clock Output Division Ratios .............................................................................................................................. 39 Table 22 : Register Settings for Common Frequencies (Input clock 10 or 20 MHz) ......................................................................... 40 Table 23 : Register Settings for Common Frequencies (Input clock 12.8 MHz) ................................................................................ 41 Table 24 : Register Settings for Common Frequencies (Input clock 25 MHz) ................................................................................... 42 Table 25 : Ordering Information ............................................................................................................................................................ 48 Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech 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Page 3 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET List of Figures Figure 1 : ACS1790T Block Diagram .......................................................................................................................................................5 Figure 2 : ACS1790T VCO PLL ..................................................................................................................................................................7 Figure 3 : ACS1790T Output Divider Structure .......................................................................................................................................8 Figure 4 : I2C Write Operation................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Figure 5 : I2C Read Operation................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Figure 6 : I2C Start and Stop Timing...................................................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 7 : I2C Data Timing ...................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 8 : OUT1 Phase Noise (fin = 12.8 MHz, fout = 155.52 MHz) ..................................................................................................... 26 Figure 9 : OUT1 Phase Noise (fin = 12.8 MHz, fout = 125 MHz) ........................................................................................................... 26 Figure 10 : OUT1 Phase Noise (fin = 12.8 MHz, fout = 156.25 MHz) ................................................................................................... 27 Figure 11 : OUT2 Phase Noise (fin = 12.8 MHz, fout = 25 MHz) ........................................................................................................... 27 Figure 12 : ToPSync and ACS1790T Operation with Separate Oscillators ......................................................................................... 28 Figure 13 : ToPSync and ACS1790T Operation with a Shared Oscillator ........................................................................................... 29 Figure 14 : ToPSync and ACS1790T Operation with a Shared VCXO ................................................................................................. 30 Figure 15 : Standalone ACS1790T Operation ...................................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 16 : Using the ACS1790T as Part of a PLL ............................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 17 : Simplified View of OUT1 Output Path ................................................................................................................................ 31 Figure 18 : Simplified View of OUT2 Output Path ................................................................................................................................ 35 Figure 19 : Simplified View of Both Output Paths ................................................................................................................................ 37 Figure 20 : FBCLK Output Path ............................................................................................................................................................. 38 Figure 21 : Recommended LVPECL DC Termination ........................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 22 : Recommended LVPECL AC Termination ............................................................................................................................ 43 Figure 23 : Recommended Power Supply Filtering .............................................................................................................................. 44 Figure 24 : Example Synchronous Ethernet Application...................................................................................................................... 45 Figure 25 : QFN-24 Physical Package Detail ........................................................................................................................................ 46 Figure 26 : Recommended PCB Land Pattern ..................................................................................................................................... 46 Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 4 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Block Diagram VDDA VDDF VDDD POWER MANAGEMENT RESETB VDDD2 LD OEB LOCK DETECTOR OUT2 ‘P’ DIVIDER ‘R’ DIVIDER CLK VCO ‘O’ DIVIDER OUT1P ‘B’ DIVIDER OUT1N ‘N’ INTEGER DIVIDER OSCFSEL0 OSCFSEL1 CONTROL MODE ‘T’ DIVIDER ‘K’ FRACTIONAL DIVIDER FBCLK_ SELECT FEEDBACK DIVIDER A0 A1 SCL SDA FBCLK VSSA VSSF VSSD VSSD2 Figure 1 : ACS1790T Block Diagram Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 5 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Pin Description The ACS1790T uses a QFN 24 package with 24 device pins and a center thermal pad that is connected to the device ground. Table 1 shows the pin definitions. Table 1 : ACS1790T Pin Description Number Name Type Description 1 RESETB I Active Low Reset 2 OSCFSEL0 IPD Input Clock Frequency Selection 3 CLK I Input Clock 4 OSCFSEL1 IPD Input Clock Frequency Selection 5 VDDD Power Digital Power Supply for Internal Logic and FBCLK Output 6 VSSD Ground Digital Ground for Internal Logic and FBCLK Output 7 SCL I I2C Clock (requires external pull up resistor) 8 SDA I/O I2C Data (requires external pull up resistor) 9 A0 IPD I2C Address Selection 10 FBCLK 0 Feedback Clock to ToPSync (LVCMOS) 11 A1 IPD I2C Address Selection 12 VDDD2 Power Digital Power Supply for OUT2 Clock Output 13 OUT2 O Single-ended Output Clock (LVCMOS) 14 VSSD2 Power Digital Ground for OUT2 Clock Output 15 VSSA Ground Analogue Ground 16 OUT1N O Differential Output Clock (LVPECL) 17 OUT1P O Differential Output Clock (LVPECL) 18 VDDA Power Analogue Supply 19 VDDF Power RF Supply 20 VSSF Ground RF Ground 21 IC - Internally connected pin – do not connect 22 MODE IPD Initial Mode Select 23 OEB I Output Enable 24 LD O Lock Detect (Open Drain) 25 GND Ground Center Body Contact. Connect to ground I O I/O IPD – Input – Output – Bidirectional pin – Input with internal pull-down Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 6 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Device Operation Figure 1 shows the internal architecture of the ACS1790T. The ACS1790T can be divided into a number of main blocks – the voltage-controlled oscillator phase-locked-loop (VCO PLL) block, the output divider block, the output stage and the control block. The VCO PLL block The VCO PLL block is a fully self-contained phase-locked loop that generates an output frequency of between 2.3 and 2.7 GHz that is phase-locked to the clock input. This block is shown in Figure 2. VCO fPFD fVCO ‘N’ INTEGER DIVIDER ‘K’ FRACTIONAL DIVIDER FEEDBACK DIVIDER Figure 2 : ACS1790T VCO PLL The VCO frequency, fVCO is determined by a divider in the feedback path that supports fractional division ratios and that locks the VCO output to a multiple of the reference frequency, fPFD, which is the input frequency after passing through the R-divider shown in Figure 1. For input frequencies of 10 and 12.8 MHz the R-divider is in bypass mode, making fPFD equal to 10 or 12.8 MHz respectively. For input frequencies of 20 and 25 MHz the R-divider is set to divide by two, making fPFD equal to 10 or 12.5 MHz respectively. The high resolution of the fractional feedback divider provides ultra-fine control of the VCO output. Any frequency within the VCO operating range can be achieved with an accuracy of better than 1 ppb. The design of the VCO and the corresponding phase-and-frequency detector ensure that the output has very low jitter and is not adversely affected by noise and jitter on the input clock that falls above the ACS1790T’s PLL bandwidth. Locking of the VCO to an arbitrary frequency, including immediately after reset, is a two stage process. Firstly, the ACS1790T performs a calibration operation to select the optimal VCO operating point for the selected frequency. When this operation is complete the ACS1790T transitions to a “fine-lock” state in which the VCO output frequency is tuned until it is phase-locked to the reference clock. Once in the fine-lock state, the output frequency of the ACS1790T can be adjusted by up to +/- 500 ppm from the frequency at which the calibration operation was performed without requiring further calibration. However, if the frequency is moved outside of this range then a new calibration cycle must be initiated. At reset the VCO frequency is set to 2.5 GHz. Therefore, once calibrated, the actual output frequency can be set to any value between 2.49875 GHz and 2.50125 GHz without needing to reinitiate the calibration process. This +/- 500 ppm adjustment range should be adequate for any application in which the output frequency is set and subsequently fine-tuned. Refer to the Applications Information section for further details of setting the VCO output frequency and initiating recalibration. The VCO PLL block provides a lock detect signal, LD, to indicate when lock has been achieved after a recalibration cycle. This is an open-drain pin that is pulled low until lock is established, at which time it is released and pulled high by an external pull-up resistor. This allows the LD pins of multiple ACS1790T devices to be connected together to provide a single overall lock indication. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 7 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET The output divider block The output of the VCO PLL block drives the divider block that consists of a number of cascaded dividers, and a multiplexer, as shown in Figure 3. fVCO ‘P’ DIVIDER LOW-SPEED OUTPUT (OUT2) ‘B’ DIVIDER HIGH-SPEED OUTPUT (OUT1) ‘O’ DIVIDER ‘T’ DIVIDER FEEDBACK OUTPUT (FBCLK) T-SEL Figure 3 : ACS1790T Output Divider Structure The O-divider is a shared prescaler whereas the B- and P-dividers are specific to the OUT1 and OUT2 outputs respectively. The Tdivider further divides down either the OUT1 or OUT2 output to generate the feedback clock that is used when the ACS1790T forms the controllable oscillator portion of an external phase-locked loop, such as when the ACS1790T is used in conjunction with a suitable ToPSync device. The O, P, B and T-dividers are individually programmable, and together with the frequency of the VCO, determine the ACS1790T output frequencies. Additionally, the P and B-dividers can be individually disabled in the case that only a single output is being used to reduce power consumption and device noise. The T-divider, which is responsible for generating the low-speed feedback output, FBCLK, can be driven from the output of either the P or B-divider through the multiplexer shown in Figure 3. Refer to the Using the ACS1790T section for further information on the output dividers. The output stage The ACS1790T provides a total of three clock outputs – a high-speed LVPECL output, OUT1; a low-speed LVCMOS output, OUT2 and; a low-speed LVCMOS feedback clock, FBCLK. The OUT2 output features a separate power supply pin for the output buffer, allowing operation at 1.8V, 2.5V or 3.3V. There is also a slew-rate limiting option on the OUT2 output to slow the edge-rate of the output clock. The FBCLK output operates at a fixed 3.3V level. An active-low output enable signal, OEB, is provided to disable the OUT1 and OUT2 outputs, and these outputs can also be disabled under software control. The control block The control block is responsible for control of the other parts of the ACS1790T and includes a set of registers accessible to an external device through a standard I2C interface. These registers allow configuration of the VCO PLL, output dividers and output stage, as well as monitoring of the ACS1790T’s status. The registers are fully documented in the section entitled Register-based Device Configuration. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 8 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Reset The control block is also responsible for handling device reset. The ACS1790T includes a power monitor to reset the device automatically at power-up, and an external, active-low, reset pin, RESETB. During reset, all the registers are reset to their default values, the I2C interface is reset and the clock outputs are held inactive. Immediately after reset, the registers are loaded with default values dependent on the state of the MODE and OSCFSEL[1:0] pins (see the section entitled Hardware Device Configuration) to enable generation of frequencies for 1G or 10G Ethernet designs. The VCO will automatically enter a calibration cycle during which the lock-detect pin, LD, is driven low. Once the calibration cycle is complete the LD pin is released and the outputs are activated (unless disabled). The ACS1790T is now fully functional and can be programmed under software control. Using the ACS1790T There are two methods of programming the ACS1790T. The initial operating mode is determined by the state of various device pins that are sampled at power-up and reset. Subsequent control, and status monitoring, is provided through a set of registers accessible to an external microprocessor through an I 2C-compatible interface. Hardware device configuration There are three device pins that determine the initial operating state at power-up and reset – OSCFSEL0, OSCFSEL1 and MODE. The state of these pins is sampled during reset and the pins have internal pull-down mechanisms to ensure that valid inputs are sensed even if the pin is left floating. In a typical application these configuration pins would be connected to a static level, either by tying them directly to ground or 3.3V as appropriate, or connecting them to ground or 3.3V through a pull-up/pull-down resistor. The presence of the internal pull-down means that care needs to be taken when using an external pull-up resistor to ensure that the voltage at the pin exceeds the minimum V IH threshold. A single 4.7Kohm resistor per pin, or a 1Kohm resistor shared between up to three pins, is recommended to ensure this requirement is met. Should dynamic control of the hardware configuration pins be required then they can be actively driven from logic. However, since the state of these pins is only sampled at reset, it is necessary to reset the ACS1790T, by asserting RESETB, whenever the state of the configuration pins is changed. Input clock frequency selection The two OSCFSEL pins determine the frequency of the ACS1790T’s input clock. Table 2 shows the acceptable frequencies. Table 2 : Input Clock Frequency Selection OSCFSEL1 OSCFSEL0 Input Frequency of CLK 0 0 20 MHz 0 1 10 MHz 1 0 12.8 MHz 1 1 25 MHz The 10, 12.8 and 20 MHz options correspond to the supported reference clock frequencies of the ToPSync family allowing a single oscillator and OSCFSEL setting to be shared between the two parts when the ACS1790T is used as a companion to a ToPSync device. The 25 MHz input frequency is not supported by the ToPSync but is a frequency commonly found in Ethernet applications and easily generated using very-low cost oscillators. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 9 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Default output frequency selection The MODE pin determines the initial output frequencies from the ACS1790T as shown in Table 3. Table 3 : Default Output Frequency Selection MODE OUT1 OUT2 Typical Application 0 125 MHz 25 MHz Gigabit Ethernet 1 156.25 MHz 25 MHz 10 Gigabit Ethernet When the ACS1790T is used in a Synchronous Ethernet application the MODE pin will typically be set to generate the appropriate output frequencies for the desired Ethernet speed. This allows the ACS1790T’s outputs to provide clocks to the Ethernet circuitry immediately after reset prior to any additional configuration being performed. When the ACS1790T is used for an application other than Synchronous Ethernet, for example as a Sonet clock generator, it is unlikely that either setting of the MODE pin will provide the desired output frequency. In this case, the MODE pin setting is arbitrary and the ACS1790T output frequency must be set via the I2C interface, either from a microprocessor or a companion ToPSync, prior to the output clocks being used. Register-based device configuration The ACS1790T incorporates eleven user-accessible registers accessed by a microprocessor or companion ToPSync through an industry-standard I2C interface. This section documents these registers and the method of accessing them. Since the I2C bus is a widely-adopted standard, non-ACS1790T specific details, such as the general I2C protocol, are not included here. For this information refer to the I2C specification, which can be obtained from NXP Semiconductors. The ACS1790T I2C interface meets the requirements of an F/S-mode I2C device as defined in the I2C specification. The ACS1790T is able to complete register accesses faster than the I 2C bus and therefore cycle-stretching is unnecessary and SCL is an input only to the ACS1790T. For full electrical and timing characteristics of the I2C interface refer to the Electrical Specifications section. I2C slave address selection The ACS1790T provides two address selection pins, A0 and A1, to allow one of four different I 2C slave addresses to be selected as shown in Table 4. This allows a single device, such as a ToPSync, to control up to four associated ACS1790T devices. Table 4 : I2C Interface Slave Address Selection A1 A0 I2C Slave Address (0x0) 0 0 C0 (b’1100 000x) 0 1 C2 (b’1100 001x) 1 0 C4 (b’1100 010x) 1 1 C6 (b’1100 011x) The A0 and A1 address pins should be connected to static levels on the PCB – either directly to power or ground or through 4.7K-ohm, or lower, resistors. The state of these pins should not be changed during operation. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 10 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET I2C Write Figure 4 shows the process used to write one or more registers. The operation is initiated by the host generating a start, or repeated start, condition and then writing the appropriate slave address (with bit 0 clear) followed immediately by the eight bit address of the first register to be written and then one or more data bytes containing the desired register contents. After each register write the register address pointer is automatically incremented unless it has reached the address of the highest register, 0x0A. This allows multiple consecutive registers to be written simply by sending additional data bytes. The host must generate either a stop or a repeated start condition to terminate the write operation. The ACS1790T acknowledges the slave address, and all subsequent bytes written, in accordance with the I2C specification. Figure 4 : I2C Write Operation I2C Read Figure 5 shows the process used to read one or more registers. It starts off in the same way as a register write operation, with the host writing the slave address (with bit 0 clear) followed by the address of the register to access. However, the host must then issue a repeated start condition, or optionally a stop followed by a start, followed by a write of the slave address with bit 0 set to initiate a read operation. The host can then read consecutive registers as required until generating a final stop condition. As for write operations, the auto-increment of the address stops at the last register, allowing this register to be polled with repeated reads without needing to re-write the register address. In accordance with the I2C specification, the host must acknowledge receipt of each byte read, by driving SDA low during the ninth bit time of the byte, except for the last byte that must not be acknowledged (by allowing SDA to float). This signals the ACS1790T to not drive SDA during the next bit time so that the host can generate the stop condition. Figure 5 : I2C Read Operation Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 11 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Register map Table 5 shows the ACS1790T register map. Table 5 : ACS1790T Register Map Address Default Bit significance reg_status 00 * mode oscfsel1 oscfsel0 a0 a1 oeb lock reg_output 01 6C fbclk_ out1/2_ fbclk_ out1_ out2_ out2_ out2_ auto_ auto_ enable enable enable slew- drive squelch squelch Register name 7 (MSB) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (LSB) rate reg_n_div 02 * integer portion of VCO feedback divider reg_k_div_hi 03 * bits [23:16] of fractional portion of VCO feedback divider reg_k_div_med 04 00 bits [15:8] of fractional portion of VCO feedback divider reg_k_div_lo 05 00 bits [7:0] of fractional portion of VCO feedback divider reg_o_div 06 * reg_b_div 07 * reg_t_div 08 00 prescaler division ratio out1 division ratio fbclk_ feedback divider ratio select reg_p_div 09 * reg_vco 0A 01 out2 division ratio vco_ calibrate reg_dither 1B * (preserve) dither (preserve) Address and default values are in hexadecimal * indicates that the default value of this register is determined by the state of the hardware configuration pins at reset Other register addresses are reserved for factory test purposes. For correct operation undocumented addresses must not be read or written. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 12 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Register Descriptions Status Register Description Bit mode Default value Read-only 0*** ***0 Bit description oscfsel1 oscfsel0 3 a0 2 a1 1 0 Access 00 Bit name 6 4 Address (0x0) reg_status Status register 7 5 Software name Value lock Reset not used - - 0 Indicates the state of the MODE pin as sampled at power-up or last reset 0 MODE is low (gigabit Ethernet mode) * 1 MODE is high (10-gigabit Ethernet mode) Indicates the state of the OSCFSEL1 pin as sampled at power-up or last reset 0 OSCFSEL1 is low 1 OSCFSEL1 is high Indicates the state of the OSCFSEL0 pin as sampled at power-up or last reset 0 OSCFSEL0 is low 1 OSCFSEL0 is high Indicates the state of the A0 I2C address pin as sampled at power-up or last reset 0 A0 is low 1 A0 is high Indicates the state of the A1 address pin as sampled at power-up or last reset 0 A1 is low 1 A1 is high Indicated the current state of the output enable pin 0 OEB is low (outputs are enabled) 1 OEB is high (outputs are disabled) VCO PLL lock status 0 VCO PLL is not locked 1 VCO PLL is locked I 2C oeb Bit settings * * * * * 0 Output control register Description Bit name 7 - 6 Access Default value reg_output 01 Read-write 0110 1100 Bit description Value Bit settings Reset not used - - 0 fbclk_auto_ squelch Controls whether the feedback clock output is deactivated (held low) when the VCO PLL is out not locked 0 FBCLK toggling when VCO PLL not locked 1 1 FBCLK low when VCO PLL not locked out1/2_ Controls whether the OUT1 and OUT2 clock outputs are deactivated (held low) when the VCO PLL is out not locked 0 OUT1/2 toggling when VCO PLL not locked 1 OUT1/2 low when VCO PLL not locked Controls whether the feedback clock output is enabled 0 FBCLK is held low 1 FBCLK is driven by output of T-divider auto_ squelch 4 Address (0x0) Output control register Bit 5 Software name fbclk_ enable Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 13 1 0 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP 3 out1_ enable 2 out2_ enable 1 out2_slew_ 0 out2_ FINAL DATASHEET Controls whether the OUT1 clock output is enabled 0 OUT1 is held low 1 OUT1 is driven by output of B-divider Controls whether the OUT2 clock output is enabled 0 OUT2 is held low 1 OUT2 is driven by output of P-divider Controls the OUT2 pin slew rate 0 Fast OUT2 edge rate 1 Slow OUT2 edge rate 0 Low OUT2 drive (2.5V and 3.3V) 1 High OUT2 drive (1.8V) rate Controls the OUT2 pin drive strength drive 1 1 0 0 VCO PLL feedback divider registers Description Software name Address (0x0) Access Default value reg_n_div 02 Read-write **** **** VCO PLL feedback divider (integer portion) Bit Bit name Bit description Value Bit settings [7:0] n_div[7:0] Holds the integer portion of the VCO PLL feedback divider – 67 0x00 Integer division ratio = 67 0x01 Integer division ratio = 68 For correct operation, division ratios that result in the VCO frequency being outside the range 2.3 – 2.7 GHz must not be programmed : Reset : 0xF7 Integer division ratio = 314 0xF8 Integer division ratio = 315 (Do not program values 0xF9– 0xFF) Description Bit [7:0] Software name Address (0x0) Access Default value reg_k_div_hi 03 Read-write **** **** Bits [23:16] of the VCO PLL feedback divider (fractional part) Bit name k_div [23:16] Bit description Value Bit settings Reset Bits [23:16] of the fractional part of the VCO PLL feedback divider * 224 (Bit 23 corresponds to a value of 0.5) Description Bit [7:0] Software name Address (0x0) Access Default value reg_k_div_med 04 Read-write 0000 0000 Bits [15:8] of the VCO PLL feedback divider (fractional part) Bit name k_div [15:8] Bit description Value Bit settings Reset Bits [15:8] of the fractional part of the VCO PLL feedback divider * 224 (Bit 15 corresponds to a value of 2-9) Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 14 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP Description FINAL DATASHEET Software name Address (0x0) Access Default value reg_k_div_lo 05 Read-write 0000 0000 Bits [7:0] of the VCO PLL feedback divider (fractional part) Bit Bit name [7:0] k_div [7:0] Bit description Value Bit settings Reset Bits [7:0] of the fractional part of the VCO PLL feedback divider * 224 (Bit 0 corresponds to a value of 2-24) A write to this register forces the VCO PLL feedback divider to by updated with the values programmed into the n_div and k_div registers Output divider control registers Description Software name Address (0x0) Access Default value reg_o_div 06 Read-write 0000 **** The O-divider (prescaler) division ratio Bit Bit name [7:4] - [3:0] o_div [3:0] Bit description Value not used - Sets the division ratio of the O-divider, which is the VCO PLL prescaler shared between the OUT1 and OUT2 outputs Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Bit settings Reset - 0000 0000 Prescaler divides by 4 **** 0001 Prescaler divides by 6 0010 Prescaler divides by 8 0011 Prescaler divides by 10 0100 Prescaler divides by 12 0101 Prescaler divides by 14 0110 Prescaler divides by 16 0111 Prescaler divides by 18 1000 Prescaler divides by 20 1001 Prescaler divides by 22 1010 Prescaler divides by 24 1011 Prescaler divides by 26 1100 Prescaler divides by 28 1101 Prescaler divides by 30 1110 Do not use 1111 Do not use Page 15 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP Description Bit FINAL DATASHEET Software name Address (0x0) Access Default value reg_b_div 07 Read-write 0000 0*** The B-divider (OUT1) division ratio Bit name [7:3] - [2:0] b_div Value not used [2:0] Description Bit description - Sets the division ratio of the B-divider, which is used to drive the OUT1 output Bit settings Reset - 00000 000 Disable B-divider (OUT1 is held low) 001 Bypass divider 010 Divide by 2 011 Divide by 4 100 Divide by 8 101 Divide by 16 110 Do not use 111 Do not use *** Software name Address (0x0) Access Default value reg_t_div 08 Read-write 0000 0000 The T-divider (FBCLK) division ratio Bit Bit name 7 fbclk_ Bit description Value Bit settings Reset 0 The T-divider is driven with the OUT1 clock frequency 0 1 The T-divider is driven with the OUT2 clock frequency - - 000 0000 T-divider is disabled (FBCLK is held low) 0000 0001 Bypass divider 0010 Divide by 2 0011 Divide by 4 0100 Divide by 8 0101 Divide by 16 0110 Divide by 32 0111 Divide by 64 1000 Divide by 128 1001 Divide by 256 1010 Divide by 512 1011 Divide by 1024 1100 Divide by 2048 1101 Divide by 4096 1110 Divide by 8192 1111 Divide by 16384 T-divider clock source select select [6:4] - [3:0] t_div [2:0] not used Sets the division ratio of the T-divider, which divides either the OUT1 or OUT2 output frequency to generate the FBCLK output Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 16 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP Description Bit FINAL DATASHEET Software name Address (0x0) Access Default value reg_p_div 09 Read-write 000* **** The P-divider (OUT1) division ratio Bit name [7:5] - [4:0] p_div Bit description Value not used [4:0] - Sets the division ratio of the P-divider, which is used to drive the OUT2 output Bit settings - Reset 000 00000 Disable P-divider (OUT2 is held low) 00001 Divide by 2 00010 Divide by 4 00011 Divide by 5 00100 Divide by 8 00101 Divide by 10 00110 Divide by 16 00111 Divide by 25 01000 Divide by 32 01001 Divide by 64 01010 Divide by 128 01011 Divide by 256 01100 Divide by 512 01101 Divide by 1024 01110 Divide by 2048 01111 Divide by 4096 10000 Divide by 8192 10001 Divide by 16384 10010 Divide by 32768 10011 Divide by 65536 ***** 10100 : Do not use values 10100 - 11111 11111 VCO calibration request register Description Address (0x0) Access Default value reg_vco 0A Read-write 0000 0001 Controls the VCO calibration process Bit Bit name [7:1] - 0 Software name vco_ calibrate Bit description Value Bit settings Reset not used - - 0 Setting this bit forces the VCO to recalibrate to its optimum operating point after a large frequency change 0 No action (write) / 1 Calibration complete (read) 1 (Bit is cleared automatically) Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Force calibration (write) / Calibration in process (read) Page 17 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP Description Bit Software name Address (0x0) Access Default value reg_dither 1B Read-write **0* **** Status register Bit name [7:6] - 5 dither [4:0] FINAL DATASHEET - Bit description Value Bit settings Reset Reserved1 - - * Enable fractional divider dithering 0 K-divider value is used as programmed 0 1 K-divider value is extended with one additional fractional bit forced to 1 - - Reserved1 * For correct operation the current value of these bits must be preserved when changing the dither setting. Therefore, to change the dither setting software must read this register, and rewrite the value read with bit 5 set or cleared as needed. 1 VCO calibration and lock detection The VCO can generate any frequency between 2.3 and 2.7 GHz, with an ultra-fine resolution of less than 1 ppb. However, locking to an arbitrary frequency requires the VCO to be calibrated to select its optimal operating point. The VCO calibration process is initiated automatically at power-up or reset to set the VCO to its default frequency of 2.5 GHz, and can be retriggered at any time by writing a ‘1’ to the vco_calibrate bit (bit 0 of reg_vco). This bit will remain set while the calibration process is executed and will be automatically cleared once it is complete and the VCO PLL is locked. Once the VCO PLL has been calibrated for a given frequency, the actual frequency can be adjusted by up to 500 ppm either side of the original frequency without needing to reinitiate a calibration cycle. However, if it is desired to change the output frequency by more than this amount then a recalibration cycle must be initiated once the new frequency has been programmed. The active low, open-drain, lock-detect pin, LD, indicates the lock state of the VCO PLL. Whenever an out-of-lock condition is detected LD is pulled low to indicate that the output frequency cannot be relied on. If the auto-squelch option is enabled then the corresponding output is automatically held low until lock is established. Initiating a recalibration cycle causes the LD pin to be driven low immediately. Fractional divider dithering By default, the programmed K-divider value is used directly to determine the ratio of the VCO output frequency to the reference clock frequency (after scaling by the R-divider). This allows the output frequency to be determined precisely, subject to the resolution of the K-divider. However, for K-divider values in which the fractional portion is 1/2n (0.5, 0.25, 0.125 etc.), the nature of fractional division can result in excessive deterministic jitter being generated on the output. To avoid this, the dither bit (bit 5 of reg_dither) can be set to append a fixed ‘1’ bit to the fractional portion of the K-divider, effectively adding 1/2-25 to the programmed value. Using this dither feature can significantly reduce the deterministic jitter for certain K-divider settings. However, it will also result in a fixed error in the output frequency of the order of 0.25 ppb. In applications where the ACS1790T is operated as part of a closed loop system, such as when being controlled by a ToPSync device with the output frequency monitored through the FBCLK pin, the control loop will remove this fixed error over time so the average output frequency will be correct. However, when the ACS1790T is operated in an open-loop mode, either to generate a non-disciplined output frequency or when the reference clock itself is disciplined, for example when ToPSync is tuning a VCXO, then the fixed error will not be removed and the resultant output frequency will show a corresponding inaccuracy resulting in an unbounded Maximum Time Interval Error (MTIE) measurement. Whether this fixed error is acceptable or not will depend on the application, and therefore the overall system requirements should be considered before enabling the dithering feature in open-loop operation. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 18 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Output enable control and squelching OUT1 and OUT2 The behavior of the OUT1 and OUT2 outputs is determined by a number of factors which control whether the pins are actively driven with the corresponding output frequency, held inactive or tri-stated. Table 6 indicates the behavior of the outputs under various conditions. The automatic squelch capability shown in Table 6 allows the outputs to be forced inactive at any time the VCO is unlocked, as indicated by the LD pin being pulled low. This capability is enabled by setting the out1/2_Auto_Squelch bit (bit 5 of reg_output). Table 6 : OUT1 and OUT2 Output Control Input Pin Setting RESETB OEB Register Settings Poweron Lock State reset out1/2_ Auto_ Squelch Clock Output State B (OUT1) or outn_ P (OUT2) Enable Divider Disabled OUTn X X Yes Not locked 1 1 X Hi-impedance 0 0 No Not locked 1 1 X Driven Low 0 1 No Not locked 1 1 X Hi-impedance 1 1 No X X X X Hi-impedance 1 0 No Not locked 0 0 X Hi-impedance Unlocked 1 0 No Not locked 0 1 No Active (Toggling) Operation 1 0 No Not locked 1 0 X Hi-impedance 1 0 No Not locked 1 1 X Driven Low 1 0 No Not locked X 1 Yes Driven Low 1 0 No Locked 0 0 X Hi-impedance Normal 1 0 No Locked 0 1 No Active (Toggling) Operation 1 0 No Locked 1 0 X Hi-impedance 1 0 No Locked 1 1 No Active (Toggling) 1 0 No Locked X 1 Yes Driven Low Reset Hardware Control FBCLK The low-speed feedback clock output pin, FBCLK, is simpler in operation than the OUT1 and OUT2 clocks since it doesn’t support a tri-state option, and therefore is unaffected by the state of the OEB pin. Table 7 summarizes the behavior of the FBCLK output under various conditions. The FBCLK output also features an auto-squelch feature with the same functionality as that of the OUT1 and OUT2 outputs. However, it is controlled by a separate bit – fbclk_auto_squelch in the reg_output register. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 19 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Table 7 : FBCLK Output Control Input Pin Setting RESETB Poweron Register Settings Lock State FBCLK_ reset Auto_ Squelch FBCLK_ Enable Clock Output State T-Divider Disabled FBCLK X Yes Not locked 1 0 X Driven Low 0 No Not locked 1 0 X Driven Low 1 No Not locked 0 0 X Driven Low Unlocked 1 No Not locked 0 1 No Active (Toggling) Operation 1 No Not locked 1 0 X Driven Low 1 No Not locked 1 1 X Driven Low 1 No Not locked X 1 Yes Driven Low 1 No Locked 0 0 X Driven Low Normal 1 No Locked 0 1 No Active (Toggling) Operation 1 No Locked 1 0 X Driven Low 1 No Locked 1 1 No Active (Toggling) 1 No Locked X 1 Yes Driven Low Reset OUT2 slew-rate and voltage control The OUT2 CMOS clock output is capable of operating at 1.8V, 2.5V and 3.3V LVCMOS standards. It also supports a slew-rate limiting capability which can improve signal quality in some circumstances, such as when the output is driving a lengthy PCB trace, by reducing the rise and fall times of the clock edges. The OUT2 pin has a separate dedicated power supply pin – VDDD2. This pin must be connected to 1.8V, 2.5V or 3.3V to set the OUT2 pin signalling level as required. Additionally, when operating at 1.8V it is necessary to set the out2_drive bit in the reg_output register to increase the drive strength of the output buffer. Failure to do so will result in reduced signal quality on the OUT2 output. Table 8 summarises the requirements for each output standard on the OUT2 pin. Table 8 : OUT2 Drive-Type Setting OUT2 I/O Standard Maximum Voltage Swing VDDD2 Voltage out2_drive Bit Setting LVCMOS18 1.8V 1.8V 1 LVCMOS25 2.5V 2.5V 0 LVCMOS33 3.3V 3.3V 0 The slew-rate of the OUT2 pin is controlled by the out2_slew_rate bit in the reg_output register. When this bit is clear the OUT2 signal is driven with fast rise and fall times. Setting the out2_slew_rate bit increases the rise and fall times of the OUT2 signal. This in turn allows the OUT2 pin to drive considerably longer PCB traces (as long as several inches) without needing any termination. The out2_slew_rate bit is set by default. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 20 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Electrical Specifications Maximum Ratings Important Note: The Absolute Maximum Ratings, in the table below, are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at conditions other than those indicated in the Operating Conditions sections of this specification are not implied. Exposure to the absolute maximum ratings, where different to the operating conditions, for an extended period may reduce the reliability or useful lifetime of the product. Table 9 : Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Minimum Maximum Units Supply Voltage VDDA, VDDD, VDDD2, VDDF V DD -0.5 3.7 V Input Voltage (non-supply pins) Vin - 3.7 V Operating Junction Temperature TJCT - 125 °C Reflow Temperature TRE - 260 °C Storage Temperature Tstor -50 150 °C ESD (Human Body Model) ESDHBM - 2 kV ESD (Charged Device Model) ESDCDM - 1 kV ILU -100 100 mA Latchup Operating Conditions Table 10 : Operating Conditions Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Units VDD 3.0 3.3 3.6 V Power Supply VDDD2 (1.8V operation) VDDD2 1.71 1.8 1.89 V Power Supply VDDD2 (2.5V operation) VDDD2 2.375 2.5 2.625 V Power Supply VDDD2 (3.3V operation) VDDD2 3.0 3.3 3.6 V TA -40 - +85 °C Supply Current Inputs & digital IDDD - 5 8 mA Supply Current Synthesizer only IDDF - 52 60 mA Power Supply VDDA, VDDD, VDDF Ambient Temperature Range Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 21 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Supply Current HF output1 IDDA - 19 28 mA Supply Current LF output2 IDDD2 - 12 15 mA Total Power Dissipation1,2 PTOT - 290 400 mW Package Thermal Resistance – still air ΘJA - - 32.2 c/w Package Thermal Resistance – 1 m/s ΘJA - - 29.9 c/w Package Thermal Resistance – 2 m/s ΘJA - - 28.1 c/w Notes: 1. Assumes 200 MHz OUT1 output into 50 ohm LVPECL load terminated as shown in Figure 21. 2. Assumes 125 MHz OUT2 output driving 10 pF unterminated load. DC Characteristics Across all operating conditions, unless otherwise stated Table 11 : DC Characteristics DC Input Characteristics: CLK, OEB, A0, A1, OSCFSEL0, OSCFSEL1, MODE, RESETB pins Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Units VIN High VIH 2.0 - - V VIN Low VIL - - 0.8 V (A0, A1, MODE, OSCFSEL0, OSCFSEL1) RPD 28 36 44 k Input Low Current (VIN = VSSD) IIL - - 1 A Input High Current (VIN = VDDD) IIH - - 130 A Minimum Typical Maximum Pull-down Resistor DC Input Characteristics: SDA and SCL pins Parameter Symbol Units VIN High VIH 0.7 * VDDD - - V VIN Low VIL - - 0.3 * VDDD V Input Low Current (VIN = VSSD) IIL - - 1 A Input High Current (VIN = VDDD) IIH - - 1 A Noise margin at low level VnL 200 mV Noise margin at high level VnH 200 mV Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 22 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET DC Output Characteristics: FBCLK pin Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Units Vout Low (lol = 4mA) VOL 0 - 0.3 V Vout High (loh = -4mA) VOH 2.4 - - V Output Low Current IOL - - 4 mA Output High Current IOH - - -4 mA Minimum Typical Maximum DC Output Characteristics: SDA, LD pins Parameter Symbol Units Vout Low (lol = 4mA) VOL 0 - 0.4 V Output Low Current IOL - - 4 Minimum Typical Maximum 0 - 0.3 V 1.3 - - V 0 - 0.3 V 1.7 - - V 0 - 0.3 V 2.4 - - V mA DC Output Characteristics: OUT2 pin Parameter Vout Low (VDDD2 = 1.8V, lol = 1mA) Symbol VOL Vout High (VDDD2 = 1.8V, loh = -1mA) VOH Vout Low (VDDD2 = 2.5V, lol = 2mA) VOL Vout High (VDDD2 = 2.5V, loh = -2mA) VOH Vout Low (VDDD2 = 3.3V, lol = 4mA) VOL Vout High (VDDD2 = 3.3V, loh = -4mA) VOH Units Output Low Current IOL - - 4 mA Output High Current IOH - - -4 mA Minimum Typical Maximum DC Characteristics: OUT1P, OUT1N pins Parameter Symbol Units Vout Low1 VOL VDD – 2.1 - VDD – 1.62 V Vout High1 VOH VDD – 1.45 - VDD – 1.0 V Differential Output Voltage1 VOD 550 - 900 mV Notes: 1) Driving into a LVPECL 50 load biased to VDD – 2V Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 23 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET RF Characteristics Across all operating conditions, unless otherwise stated Table 12 : RF Characteristics Symbol Test Condition Minimum Typical Maximum Units FREF External Clock Source 10 12.8 25 MHz PFD Update Frequency1 f f FREF/R 10 - 12.8 MHz VCO Center Frequency Range fCEN 2.3 2.5 2.7 GHz Parameter CLK Input Frequency OUT1 Integrated Jitter2,3 JITT1 155.52 MHz (12 kHz – 20 MHz) - 0.56 0.8 ps (rms) OUT1 Integrated Jitter2,3 JITT1 125 MHz (637 kHz – 20 MHz) - 0.15 0.8 ps (rms) OUT1 Integrated Jitter2,3 JITT1 125 MHz (1.875 MHz – 20 MHz) - 0.11 0.8 ps (rms) OUT1 Integrated Jitter2,3 JITT1 156.25 MHz (4 MHz – 80 MHz) - 0.29 0.8 ps (rms) OUT2 Integrated Jitter2,3,4 JITT2 25 MHz (12 kHz to 5 MHz) - 0.8 1.0 ps (rms) Loop Bandwidth BW Closed Loop - 160 - kHz Harmonic Suppression H2 Second Harmonic TBA -20 - dBc Offset = 12.8MHz - -67 - dBc Output Reference Spurs Settling Time TSET Across entire tuning range to 1 ppm precision - 250 500 ms Narrowband Lock Range TRI Across entire tuning range 500 - - ppm fSTEP - - 1 ppb Lock Time From Reset5 TLOCKR - - 20 ms Lock Time From Calibration5 TLOCKC - - 10 ms Tuning Step Size Notes: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Value of f is dependent on the input divider Measured using Rakon CFPO-DO reference clock (12.8 MHz) Measured using bandpass filter range and carrier frequency specified in “Test Condition” column Measured using VDDD2 = 2.5V As indicated by LD pin state Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 24 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Table 13 : I2C Timing Specification Parameter1 Symbol SCL Clock Frequency Conditions Min Typ Max Unit fSCL 0 - 400 kHz SCL low period tLOW 1.3 - - us SCL high period tHIGH 0.6 - - us Data setup time tSU:DAT 100 - - ns Data hold time tHD:DAT 0 - - ns Repeated start setup time tSU:STA 0.6 - - us Start condition hold time tSU:STA 0.6 - - us Stop condition hold time tSU:STO 0.6 - - us Bus free time between stop and start tBUF 1.3 - - us Input glitch suppression tSP - 50 ns Notes: 1) Timing specifications refer to voltage levels (VIL, VIH, VOL) defined in DC Characteristics The interface complies with slave F/S mode as described by NXP: “I2C-bus specification, Rev. 03 – 19 June 2007”. 70% 30% SDA 70% SCL tSU;STA tHD;STA tSU;STO tBUF Figure 6 : I2C Start and Stop Timing 70% 30% SDA SCL 70% 30% tLOW tHIGH tHD;DAT Figure 7 : Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. I2C tSU;DAT tSP Data Timing Page 25 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Typical Phase Noise Performance Figure 8 : OUT1 Phase Noise (fin = 12.8 MHz, fout = 155.52 MHz) Figure 9 : OUT1 Phase Noise (fin = 12.8 MHz, fout = 125 MHz) Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 26 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Figure 10 : OUT1 Phase Noise (fin = 12.8 MHz, fout = 156.25 MHz) Figure 11 : OUT2 Phase Noise (fin = 12.8 MHz, fout = 25 MHz) Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 27 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Applications Information The ACS1790T can be used either in conjunction with a suitable ToPSync device or standalone. Using the ACS1790T with ToPSync The most common use of the ACS1790T is as a companion to a compatible Semtech ToPSync device as part of an integrated timing platform solution to allow the generation of ultra-low jitter output clocks locked to a wired or packet reference source. There are three different modes of operation depending on the ACS1790T and ToPSync local oscillator configuration: ToPSync and the ACS1790T use separate reference oscillators ToPSync and the ACS1790T share a common fixed reference oscillator ToPSync and the ACS1790T share a common voltage-controlled oscillator that is tuned by ToPSync In all three cases, one or two ACS1790Ts can be supported from a single ToPSync. When only a single ACS1790T is used it must be assigned the I2C slave address 0xC0 (A1 = 0, A0 = 0). When two ACS1790Ts are used one is designated as the primary device and must be assigned the I2C slave address 0xC0 (A1 = 0, A0 = 0), while the other one is designated as the secondary device and is assigned the I2C slave address 0xC2 (A1 = 0, A0 = 1). Operation with separate oscillators Figure 12 shows the configuration when ToPSync and the ACS1790T operate from separate reference clocks. In this case, the ACS1790T FBCLK output is connected to one of ToPSync’s clock inputs and the ToPSync firmware uses this to form a software PLL control loop, monitoring the ACS1790T output frequency and adjusting it as required by writing to the fractional K-divider through the I2C interface. 10, 12.8 or 20 MHz 10, 12.8, 20 or 25 MHz CLK 2 IC SCL, SDA ACS1790 FBCLK ACS1790 (I2C Address = 0xC0) ToPSync® Feedback Clock CLK SCL, SDA ACS1790 FBCLK (I2C Address = 0xC2) Optional Figure 12 : ToPSync and ACS1790T Operation with Separate Oscillators In the case where two ACS1790Ts are used in this mode, both must share the same reference oscillator. Only the feedback clock from the primary device is connected to ToPSync, which can infer the operating frequency of the secondary device, since both ACS1790Ts share the same reference oscillator, and adjust the output frequency of both by writing to the fractional Kdividers through the I2C interface. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 28 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Operation with a shared fixed oscillator When the reference oscillator is shared between ToPSync and one or two ACS1790Ts then operation is possible without the feedback clock connection to ToPSync since the ACS1790T operating frequency can be inferred from ToPSync’s internal timebase. This configuration is shown in Figure 13. 10, 12.8 or 20 MHz CLK 2 IC SCL, SDA ACS1790 FBCLK ACS1790 (I2C Address = 0xC0) ToPSync® CLK SCL, SDA ACS1790 FBCLK (I2C Address = 0xC2) Optional Figure 13 : ToPSync and ACS1790T Operation with a Shared Oscillator Operation with a shared voltage-controlled oscillator In this mode, both ToPSync and one or two ACS1790Ts share a voltage-controlled oscillator that is tuned by ToPSync, using its internal digital-to-analogue converter, to align it to the selected reference source. This allows a disciplined clock with the lowest possible phase noise to be taken directly from the oscillator for applications such as cellular basestations. This configuration is shown in Figure 14. Since the reference clock is disciplined directly by ToPSync there is no need to continually tune the ACS1790T feedback dividers and therefore the I2C connection from ToPSync is used only for initial configuration. Regardless of the exact configuration, ToPSync is responsible for setting the initial output frequencies from the ACS1790T, along with options such as output drive strength and slew rate. These parameters are configured through the ToPSync control API and it is never necessary for the user to interface with the ACS1790T I 2C register set directly when operating in conjunction with ToPSync. Refer to the ToPSync User Guide, device-specific datasheets and API documentation for more information on using the ACS1790T in association with a ToPSync. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 29 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET 10, 12.8 or 20 MHz VCXO CLK I2C SCL, SDA ACS1790 FBCLK ACS1790 (I2C Address = 0xC0) DAC ToPSync® CLK SCL, SDA ACS1790 FBCLK (I2C Address = 0xC2) Optional Figure 14 : ToPSync and ACS1790T Operation with a Shared VCXO Using the ACS1790T in a standalone application The ACS1790T can be used standalone as a simple programmable-frequency clock generator. In this case, a controlling microprocessor, or other device that can act as an I 2C host, configures the ACS1790T to generate the desired frequency, or frequencies, and then takes no further role in the device operation. Figure 15 shows a simplified example of this application. OUT1 10, 12.8, 20 or 25 MHz CLKIN ACS1790T OUT2 FBCLK SCL SDA RESETB Microprocessor Figure 15 : Standalone ACS1790T Operation Using the ACS1790T as part of a phase-locked loop The ability to ultra-fine tune the VCO frequency allows the ACS1790T to be used as the oscillator component of a phase-locked loop, for example, locking the output frequency to a Stratum-traceable reference in a Synchronous Ethernet system. An example of such an application is shown in Figure 16. Typically, the other components of the PLL will be implemented as a combination of hardware and software using, for example, an FPGA with embedded micro-controller core. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 30 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET OUT1 10, 12.8, 20 or 25 MHz CLKIN ACS1790T OUT2 FBCLK SCL SDA RESETB Reference Input VCO Controller ÷ m Figure 16 : Using the ACS1790T as Part of a PLL In this example, the phase-and-frequency detector (PFD) within the external PLL controller compares the feedback clock output, FBCLK, of the ACS1790T with a scaled version of the reference input. The output of the PFD is low-pass filtered and drives the VCO controller that is responsible for adjusting the VCO frequency of the ACS1790T to the point where the FBCLK output, and hence the OUT1 and OUT2 outputs, are phase-locked to the reference input Configuration for a particular output frequency This section details the steps necessary to program the ACS1790T to generate a particular output frequency, or frequencies. When using the ACS1790T as a companion to ToPSync the ToPSync firmware handles the configuration details and therefore knowledge of the information contained in this section isn’t directly necessary. Configuring the ACS1790T to generate a particular output frequency, or frequencies, is a three stage process. Firstly, division ratios for the output divider chain have to be selected such that the VCO will operate within its allowable range of 2.3 – 2.7 GHz. Secondly, the VCO feedback divider necessary to achieve the correct VCO frequency must be calculated. Finally, if it is desired to use the FBCLK feedback clock output then the correct source and division ratio for this must be selected. The exact process depends on whether the OUT1, OUT2 or both outputs are to be used: Programming for the OUT1 output Figure 17 shows a simplified diagram of the ACS1790T when using just the OUT1 output. VCO fPFD fVCO ‘O’ DIVIDER ‘B’ DIVIDER fOUT1 ‘N’ INTEGER DIVIDER ‘K’ FRACTIONAL DIVIDER FEEDBACK DIVIDER Figure 17 : Simplified View of OUT1 Output Path Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 31 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET The VCO and prescaler O-divider can be programmed to give an output frequency in one of five ranges: 77 – 225 MHz 230 – 270 MHz 288 – 337 MHz 384 – 450 MHz 575 – 675 MHz Firstly, multiply the desired output frequency by 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 to obtain a frequency that falls within one of the five ranges. This multiplier value determines the value to program into the reg_b_div register as shown in Table 14. Table 14 : OUT1 Output Division Ratios Division Ratio reg_b_div value 1 01 2 02 4 03 8 04 16 05 Secondly, calculate the prescaler output frequency by multiplying the desired output frequency by the division ratio determined in the first step and look up the range in which this falls in Table 15 to determine the programming of the reg_o_div register (from the second column). Table 15 : VCO PLL Prescaler Division Ratios Prescaler Output Frequency Range reg_o_div O-Divider value ratio (0x0) Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. 77 – 86 MHz 0D 30 86 – 93 MHz 0C 28 93 – 100 MHz 0B 26 100 – 109 MHz 0A 24 109 – 119 MHz 09 22 119 – 131 MHz 08 20 131 – 147 MHz 07 18 147 – 166 MHz 06 16 166 – 192 MHz 05 14 192 – 225 MHz 04 12 230 – 270 MHz 03 10 288 – 337 MHz 02 8 384 – 450 MHz 01 6 575 – 675 MHz 00 4 Page 32 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Thirdly, the VCO feedback divider value must be calculated. This is given by the equation: feedback_divider_ratio = fVCO / fPFD fVCO is the VCO operating frequency and is given by multiplying the output frequency by the B-divider value, as in the previous step, and then multiplying this by the O-divider value from the third column of Table 15 corresponding to the reg_o_div register setting determined in the previous step. fPFD is the phase and frequency detector input clock and is directly related to the ACS1790T input clock as shown in table Table 16. Table 16 : VCO PLL Reference Frequencies ACS1790T CLK fPFD Frequency 10 MHz 10 MHz 12.8 MHz 12.8 MHz 20 MHz 10 MHz 25 MHz 12.5 MHz The calculated value of feedback_divider_ratio will be in the range 179.6875 to 270. The reg_n_div register is determined by the equation: reg_n_div = INT(feedback_divider_ratio) – 67 where ‘INT’ means take the integer part For example, if feedback_divider_ratio is 200.457 then the reg_n_div register must be set to 200 – 67 = 133 (0x85). The fractional portion is given by: reg_k_div = ROUND(FRAC(feedback_divider_ratio) * 224) where ‘FRAC’ means take the fractional part only, and ‘ROUND’ means round to the closest integer. The value of reg_k_div must be programmed into three separate registers: reg_k_div_hi = reg_k_div[23:16], reg_k_div_med = reg_k_div[15:8], and reg_k_div_lo = reg_k_div[7:0] For example, if feedback_divider_ratio is 200.457 then reg_k_div is 7667187 (0x74FDF3) and the values programmed into the corresponding three registers are: reg_k_div_hi = 0x74 reg_k_div_med = 0xFD reg_k_div_lo = 0xF3 In general, the finite resolution of the fractional divider setting means that it will not be possible to precisely set the required feedback division ratio and hence the output frequency will not exactly match the desired value. However, the twenty-three bit resolution of the fractional portion means that the output frequency will always be within 1 ppb of the desired value. It is important to note that when updating the feedback divider registers, the actual value used by the feedback divider is not updated until the reg_k_div_lo register is written. This prevents transient changes in frequency as individual registers are written while still allowing the output frequency to be fine-tuned without requiring all the associated registers to be rewritten. Additionally, when using just the OUT1 output, the reg_p_div register, which controls the output divider for the OUT2 output, should be set to zero to disable the divider, reducing power consumption and output noise. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 33 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Example: Assume that it is desired to generate a frequency on the OUT1 output of 155.52 MHz for driving a Sonet framer, and that the ACS1790T is driven by a 25 MHz reference clock. The steps in programming the ACS1790T to generate this frequency are: 1) 155.52 MHz is within one of the allowable ranges for the prescaler output. Therefore, no additional division in the Bdivider is needed and from the first row of Table 14, the required value for the reg_b_div register is 0x01. 2) From the eighth row of Table 15, the required value for the reg_o_div register is 0x06, with a corresponding O-divider ratio of 16. 3) The VCO output frequency is the product of the OUT1 frequency with the B-divider and O-divider ratios. In this case, fVCO = 155.52 MHz * 1 * 16 = 2488.32 MHz Using the equations from the previous section, noting from Table 16 that fPFD is 12.5 MHz, gives the following: feedback_divider_ratio = 2488.32 / 12.5 = 199.0656 reg_n_div = INT(199.0656) – 67 = 132 (0x84) reg_k_div = ROUND (FRAC(199.0656) * 224) = 1100585 (0x10CB29) reg_k_div_hi = 16 (0x10) reg_k_div_med = 203 (0xCB) reg_k_div_lo = 41 (0x29) As a check, the rounded feedback divider ratio is 199 + 1100585 / 224, which gives a VCO output frequency that is less than 0.12 ppb from the desired value. This corresponds to an error in the OUT1 frequency of less than 18 mHz. 4) Finally, reg_p_div should be set to zero since the OUT2 output is not being used and the vco_calibrate bit of the reg_vco register should be set to force a recalibration of the VCO PLL. Once the vco_calibrate bit has returned to zero then the VCO is calibrated and the OUT1 output will be at the desired 155.52 MHz frequency. Table 17 summarizes the divider-related register settings for this example. Table 17 : Register Settings for 155.52 MHz Output Register name Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Address Value (0x0) (0x0) reg_n_div 02 84 reg_k_div_hi 03 10 reg_k_div_med 04 CB reg_k_div_lo 05 29 reg_o_div 06 06 reg_b_div 07 01 reg_p_div 09 00 reg_vco 0A 01 Page 34 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Programming for the OUT2 output Figure 18 shows a simplified diagram of the ACS1790T when using just the OUT2 output. VCO fPFD fVCO ‘O’ DIVIDER ‘P’ DIVIDER fOUT2 ‘N’ INTEGER DIVIDER ‘K’ FRACTIONAL DIVIDER FEEDBACK DIVIDER Figure 18 : Simplified View of OUT2 Output Path The architecture, and hence programming, in this case is very similar to that for the OUT1 output, the only difference being that the B-divider is replaced by the P-divider, which provides a wider range of division ratios. Table 18 lists the allowable division ratios for the P-divider. Table 18 : OUT2 Output Division Ratios P-Divider Division reg_p_div Register Ratio Setting Output Frequency (0x0) Limited to 250 MHz? 2 01 No 4 02 Yes 5 03 No 8 04 Yes 10 05 No 16 06 Yes 25 07 No 32 08 Yes 64 09 Yes 128 0A Yes 256 0B Yes 512 0C Yes 1024 0D Yes 2048 0E Yes 4096 0F Yes 8192 10 Yes 16384 11 Yes 32768 12 Yes 65536 13 Yes Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 35 O-Divider www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET The first step in the programming is to select a division ratio from Table 18 that when multiplied by the desired output frequency gives a value within one of the five O-divider output ranges specified in the previous section. The corresponding entry in the second column of Table 18 then gives the value to program into the reg_p_div register. Due to the design of the P-divider, there is a restriction on the allowable O-divider output frequency in some cases when using the OUT2 output. A ‘Yes’ in the third column of Table 18 indicates that, for the corresponding P-divider setting, the O-divider output frequency must not exceed 250 MHz, which can be ensured by selecting an O-divider ratio of 12 or higher. In practice this does not restrict the available output frequencies, but does restrict the combination of divider ratios used to achieve a given frequency. Having defined the P-divider ratio, the remaining steps are the same as for the OUT1 output as documented in the previous section. Since the OUT1 output is not being used, the reg_b_div register should be programmed to zero to disable the OUT1 Bdivider. Example: Assume that it is desired to generate a frequency on the OUT2 output of 10.24 MHz for a DOCSIS 3.0 DTI application, and that the ACS1790T is driven by a 12.8 MHz reference clock. The steps in programming the ACS1790T to generate this frequency are: 1) Note that 81.92 MHz (10.24 MHz * 8) is within one of the allowable O-divider output ranges and therefore 8 is an acceptable division ratio for the P-divider and, from Table 18, the reg_p_div register should be programmed to 0x04. 2) From the first row of Table 15, the required value for the reg_o_div register is 0x0D, with a corresponding O-divider ratio of 30. 3) The VCO output frequency is the product of the OUT1 frequency with the P-divider and O-divider ratios. In this case, fVCO = 10.24 MHz * 8 * 30 = 2457.6 MHz Using the equations from the previous section, noting from Table 16 that fPFD is 12.8 MHz, gives the following: feedback_divider_ratio = 2457.6 / 12.8 = 192 reg_n_div = INT(192) – 67 = 125 (0x7D) reg_k_div = ROUND (FRAC(192) * 224) = 0 (0x00) reg_k_div_hi = 0 (0x00) reg_k_div_med = 0 (0x00) reg_k_div_lo = 0 (0x00) Since the VCO feedback division ratio is an integer the output frequency will be exactly the desired 10.24 MHz. Note that although the three K-divider registers are set to their default value of zero, it is still necessary to perform a write to the reg_k_div_lo register since this is required to force an update of the feedback divider ratio. 4) Finally, reg_b_div should be set to zero since the OUT1 output is not being used and the vco_calibrate bit of the reg_vco register should be set to force a recalibration of the VCO PLL. Once the vco_calibrate bit has returned to zero then the VCO is calibrated and the OUT2 output will be at the desired 10.24 MHz frequency. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 36 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Table 19 summarizes the divider-related register settings for this example. Table 19 : Register Settings for 10.24 MHz Output Register name Address Value (0x0) (0x0) reg_n_div 02 7D reg_k_div_hi 03 00 reg_k_div_med 04 00 reg_k_div_lo 05 00 reg_o_div 06 0D reg_b_div 07 00 reg_p_div 09 04 reg_vco 0A 01 Programming to use both outputs Figure 19 shows a simplified diagram of the ACS1790T when using both the OUT1 and OUT2 outputs. VCO fPFD fVCO ‘O’ DIVIDER ‘N’ INTEGER DIVIDER ‘B’ DIVIDER fOUT1 ‘P’ DIVIDER fOUT2 ‘K’ FRACTIONAL DIVIDER FEEDBACK DIVIDER Figure 19 : Simplified View of Both Output Paths It can be seen that the VCO and O-divider is shared between both outputs. Therefore, it is only possible to use both outputs simultaneously if a B-divider division ratio for the OUT1 frequency and a P-divider division ratio for the OUT2 frequency can be found that both give a common frequency that is within one of the five allowable ranges for the O-divider output. If a suitable common value can be found then the programming steps are just the combination of those in the previous two sections. If no suitable common value can be found then it will be necessary to adopt an alternative approach, such as using two ACS1790Ts. Table 20 gives the appropriate register values for OUT1 = 125 MHz, OUT2 = 25 MHz and OUT1 = 156.25 MHz, OUT2 = 25 MHz, when using a 25 MHz reference clock. These output frequencies are typical of those required for 1G and 10G Ethernet systems and are the two default output frequency sets of the ACS1790T, as selected at reset by the MODE pin. (Note that during reset the ACS1790T programs the VCO PLL feedback divider depending on the input clock frequency so that the default output frequencies are correct regardless of the input frequency being used.) Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 37 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Table 20 : Register Settings for Ethernet (25MHz input) Register name 1G Ethernet 10G Ethernet Address OUT1 = 125 MHz, OUT1 = 156.25 MHz, (0x0) OUT2 = 25 MHz OUT2 = 25 MHz Value (0x0) Value (0x0) reg_n_div 02 85 85 reg_k_div_hi 03 00 00 reg_k_div_med 04 00 00 reg_k_div_lo 05 00 00 reg_o_div 06 03 00 reg_b_div 07 02 03 reg_p_div 09 05 07 reg_vco 0A 01 01 fVCO = 2.5 GHz for both cases Programming the feedback clock output The feedback clock output FBCLK is designed to be used as the feedback output to an external phase-and-frequency detector when the ACS1790T is used as part of a PLL application. The FBCLK output is a divided down version of either the OUT1 or OUT2 outputs as shown in Figure 20. ‘P’ DIVIDER fOUT2 ‘B’ DIVIDER fOUT1 ‘T’ DIVIDER fFBCLK fbclk_ select Figure 20 : FBCLK Output Path The division ratio between the OUT1 or OUT2 and the FBCLK output is determined by the T-divider, which is programmed through the reg_t_div register. Table 21 gives the allowable division ratios and corresponding reg_t_div register values. The source of the T-divider is controlled by the fbclk_select bit in the reg_t_div register. When fbclk_select is zero the T-divider is driven from the OUT1 clock frequency (the B-divider output) whereas when fbclk_select is one the T-divider is driven from the OUT1 clock frequency (the P-divider output). Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 38 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET The OUT1 and OUT2 outputs can be used to drive the T-divider even if the actual output pin is disabled through either the OEB pin or the corresponding bits in the reg_output register. However, if either the B- or T-dividers are disabled (reg_b_div = 0, or reg_t_div = 0) then that divider cannot be used as the input source for the T-divider. Table 21 : Feedback Clock Output Division Ratios T-Divider Division reg_t_div Register reg_t_div Register Ratio Setting (source is OUT1) Setting (source is OUT2) (0x0) (0x0) T-divider disabled 00 80 1 01 81 2 02 82 4 03 83 8 04 84 16 05 85 32 06 86 64 07 87 128 08 88 256 09 89 512 0A 8A 1024 0B 8B 2048 0C 8C 4096 0D 8D 8192 0E 8E 16384 0F 8F Example: Assume that the ACS1790T in the previous DOCSIS 3.0 DTI application is to be used as part of an FPGA-based phase locked loop that has a phase-and-frequency detector that can accept a maximum input frequency of 1 MHz. Selecting a T-division ratio of 16 will give a frequency at the FBCLK output of 10.24 / 16 = 650 kHz. From Table 21, noting that the T-divider needs to be driven from the OUT2 frequency, the value to program into the reg_t_div register is 0x85. While a bigger division ratio could have been chosen, too low a frequency is likely to impact the locking time of the external PLL and therefore it is recommended to chose the highest acceptable FBCLK output frequency. Of course, the VCO controller in the external PLL needs to allow for the selected T-divider division ratio in its loop gain calculation when setting the VCO frequency. When using the FBCLK output, it must be explicitly enabled by setting the fbclk_enable bit in the reg_output register. Configuration for common output frequencies Table 22, Table 23 and Table 24 show the register settings for various common ACS1790T clock generator applications for each possible input frequency. In each case, the value given for the reg_output register assumes that all three outputs (OUT1, OUT2 and FBCLK) are enabled with the auto-squelch option on for each output, and with OUT2 using low drive strength with slew-rate limiting. In some cases, the values in these tables may differ from those calculated using the information contained elsewhere in this section. In such cases, the values from the tables should be used in preference to the calculated values. Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 39 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Table 22 : Register Settings for Common Frequencies (Input clock 10 or 20 MHz) Output Register Settings Output Frequency reg_output reg_n_div reg_k_div_hi reg_k_div_med reg_k_div_lo reg_o_div reg_b_div reg_p_div (MHz) (0x01) (0x02) (0x03) (0x04) (0x05) (0x06) (0x07) (0x09) Used 161.1328 68 BE D0 0 0 06 01 00 1 156.25+25 6E B7 0 0 0 00 03 07 1&2 155.52 68 B5 D4 FD F4 06 01 00 1 149.797 68 AC AC AC F8 06 01 00 1 125 + 25 6E B7 0 0 0 03 02 05 1&2 77.76 68 B5 D4 FD F4 06 02 00 1 51.84 68 B5 D4 FD F4 04 03 00 1 49.152 68 BC 97 24 74 0B 02 00 1 44.736 68 B7 85 87 94 05 03 00 1 34.368 68 B4 73 18 FC 07 03 00 1 38.88 68 B5 D4 FD F4 06 03 00 1 25.92 68 CA 91 68 72 0B 03 00 1 25 68 C1 0 0 0 0B 03 00 1 24.576 68 BC 97 24 74 0B 03 00 1 19.44 68 B5 D4 FD F4 06 04 00 1 12.288 68 BC 97 24 74 0B 04 00 1 10 68 BD 0 0 0 06 05 00 1 49.152 66 BC 97 24 74 0B 00 01 2 44.736 66 B7 85 87 94 0C 00 01 2 34.368 66 B4 73 18 FC 07 00 02 2 38.88 66 B5 D4 FD F4 06 00 02 2 25.92 66 CA 91 68 72 0B 00 02 2 25 66 C1 0 0 0 0B 00 02 2 24.576 66 BC 97 24 74 0B 00 02 2 19.44 66 B5 D4 FD F4 06 00 04 2 12.288 66 BC 97 24 74 0B 00 04 2 10.24 66 B2 C2 8F 5C 0D 00 04 2 10 66 BD 0 0 0 06 00 06 2 6.48 66 B5 D4 FD F4 0A 00 06 2 6.144 66 A8 ED FA 44 0A 00 06 2 2.048 66 A8 ED FA 44 07 00 09 2 1.544 66 BD EB ED FA 0B 00 09 2 1.536 66 BC 97 24 74 0B 00 09 2 8 kHz 66 C3 24 DD 30 08 00 11 2 2 kHz 66 C3 24 DD 30 08 00 13 2 Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 40 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Table 23 : Register Settings for Common Frequencies (Input clock 12.8 MHz) Output Register Settings Output Frequency reg_output reg_n_div reg_k_div_hi reg_k_div_med reg_k_div_lo reg_o_div reg_b_div reg_p_div (MHz) (0x01) (0x02) (0x03) (0x04) (0x05) (0x06) (0x07) (0x09) 161.1328 68 86 6A 80 0 06 01 00 1 156.25+25 6E 80 50 0 0 00 03 07 1&2 155.52 68 7F 66 66 66 06 01 00 1 149.797 68 78 3E E7 22 06 01 00 1 125 + 25 6E 80 50 0 0 03 02 05 1&2 77.76 68 7F 66 66 66 06 02 00 1 51.84 68 7F 66 66 66 04 03 00 1 49.152 68 84 AE 14 7A 0B 02 00 1 44.736 68 80 B8 51 EC 05 03 00 1 34.368 68 7E 51 EB 86 07 03 00 1 38.88 68 7F 66 66 66 06 03 00 1 25.92 68 8F 99 99 9A 0B 03 00 1 25 68 88 20 0 0 0B 03 00 1 24.576 68 84 AE 14 7A 0B 03 00 1 19.44 68 7F 66 66 66 06 04 00 1 12.288 68 84 AE 14 7A 0B 04 00 1 10 68 85 0 0 0 06 05 00 1 49.152 66 84 AE 14 7A 0B 00 01 2 44.736 66 80 B8 51 EC 0C 00 01 2 34.368 66 7E 51 EB 86 07 00 02 2 38.88 66 7F 66 66 66 06 00 02 2 25.92 66 8F 99 99 9A 0B 00 02 2 25 66 88 20 0 0 0B 00 02 2 24.576 66 84 AE 14 7A 0B 00 02 2 19.44 66 7F 66 66 66 06 00 04 2 12.288 66 84 AE 14 7A 0B 00 04 2 10.24 66 7D 0 0 0 0D 00 04 2 10 66 85 0 0 0 06 00 06 2 6.48 66 7F 66 66 66 0A 00 06 2 6.144 66 75 51 EB 86 0A 00 06 2 2.048 66 75 51 EB 86 07 00 09 2 1.544 66 85 B8 51 EC 0B 00 09 2 1.536 66 84 AE 14 7A 0B 00 09 2 8 kHz 66 89 CC CC CC 08 00 11 2 2 kHz 66 89 CC CC CC 08 00 13 2 Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 41 Used www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Table 24 : Register Settings for Common Frequencies (Input clock 25 MHz) Output Register Settings Output Frequency reg_output reg_n_div reg_k_div_hi reg_k_div_med reg_k_div_lo reg_o_div reg_b_div reg_p_div (MHz) (0x01) (0x02) (0x03) (0x04) (0x05) (0x06) (0x07) (0x09) 161.1328 68 8B 40 0 0 06 01 00 1 156.25+25 6E 85 0 0 0 00 03 07 1&2 155.52 68 84 10 CB 2A 06 01 00 1 149.797 68 7C BD 57 2C 06 01 00 1 125 + 25 6E 85 0 0 0 03 02 05 1&2 77.76 68 84 10 CB 2A 06 02 00 1 51.84 68 84 10 CB 2A 04 03 00 1 49.152 68 89 78 E9 F6 0B 02 00 1 44.736 68 85 6A D2 DC 05 03 00 1 34.368 68 82 F5 AD 96 07 03 00 1 38.88 68 84 10 CB 2A 06 03 00 1 25.92 68 94 A7 86 C2 0B 03 00 1 25 68 8D 0 0 0 0B 03 00 1 24.576 68 89 78 E9 F6 0B 03 00 1 19.44 68 84 10 CB 2A 06 04 00 1 12.288 68 89 78 E9 F6 0B 04 00 1 10 68 89 CC CC CC 06 05 00 1 49.152 66 89 78 E9 F6 0B 00 01 2 44.736 66 85 6A D2 DC 0C 00 01 2 34.368 66 82 F5 AD 96 07 00 02 2 38.88 66 84 10 CB 2A 06 00 02 2 25.92 66 94 A7 86 C2 0B 00 02 2 25 66 8D 0 0 0 0B 00 02 2 24.576 66 89 78 E9 F6 0B 00 02 2 19.44 66 84 10 CB 2A 06 00 04 2 12.288 66 89 78 E9 F6 0B 00 04 2 10.24 66 81 9B A5 E4 0D 00 04 2 10 66 89 CC CC CC 06 00 06 2 6.48 66 84 10 CB 2A 0A 00 06 2 6.144 66 79 BE 61 D0 0A 00 06 2 2.048 66 79 BE 61 D0 07 00 09 2 1.544 66 8A 89 8B 2E 0B 00 09 2 1.536 66 89 78 E9 F6 0B 00 09 2 8 kHz 66 8E B7 17 58 08 00 11 2 2 kHz 66 8E B7 17 58 08 00 13 2 Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 42 Used www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Design considerations As with all high-performance devices, correct circuit design and PCB layout is critical to achieve optimum performance from the ACS1790T. PCB placement The ACS1790T should be placed on the PCB as close to the clock load as possible to minimize the length of the output clock traces. As the OUT1 clock uses differential signaling it is important to route the two halves of the differential pair with as near constant spacing between the traces as possible and with minimum difference in trace lengths between the positive and negative signals. Output clock termination The OUT1 clock uses LVPECL signaling and must be properly terminated for correct operation. Figure 21 shows an example termination scheme for use when the OUT1 clock drives an LVPECL input buffer. +3.3V 130Ω LVPECL RECEIVER 130Ω Z0 = 50Ω ACS1790T OUT1 Z0 = 50Ω 82Ω 82Ω Figure 21 : Recommended LVPECL DC Termination In certain cases it may be desirable to implement an AC-coupling scheme between the OUT1 clock and its load. One example of where this would be necessary is if there may be a difference in ground potential between the ACS1790T and its load, as may happen if the two are on separate blades connected through a backplane. If DC-coupling was used in such a case then the common-mode voltage specification of the receiver may be violated. Figure 22 shows an example termination circuit for using the ACS1790T with AC coupling. +3.3V Z0 = 50Ω 0.01μF Z0 = 50Ω Z0 = 50Ω 0.01μF Z0 = 50Ω 130Ω 130Ω 82Ω 82Ω LVPECL RECEIVER ACS1790T OUT1 195Ω 195Ω Figure 22 : Recommended LVPECL AC Termination Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 43 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET The OUT2 clock uses LVCMOS signaling and should be properly terminated unless the distance between the ACS1790T and the clock load is very short (less than 10 mm). In most instances a simple series termination resistor of between 25 and 35 ohms placed close to the ACS1790T OUT2 pin will be sufficient. The FBCLK output should be terminated in the same way as the OUT2 clock. In all cases, it is recommended that the behavior of the clock outputs is simulated using the Semtech supplied IBIS model for the ACS1790T along with the appropriate vendor IBIS models for the clock receivers. Power supplies and filtering A multi-layer PCB design with solid power and ground planes is vital. If the power and ground planes are perforated by excessive vias or split in any way then the design should be simulated as fully as possible to ensure that the output clock quality meets the desired level. Power supply filtering is also critical since any noise on the power supplies can adversely affect the VCO and PFD operation and can result in increased output phase noise. The ACS1790T features separate power supply pins for the VCO (VDDF), high-speed analogue circuitry (VDDA), digital circuitry (VDDD) and the OUT2 CMOS output (VDDD2). The VDDF, VDDA and VDDD supplies all operate at 3.3V whereas the VDDD2 supply may be connected to 1.8V, 2.5V or 3.3V depending on the signaling level required for the OUT2 output. Figure 23 shows the recommended power supply filtering for all the supplies. All filter components should be placed as close to the corresponding device pins as possible. The filter capacitors should be selected to minimize series inductance which would otherwise negate their filtering capability. Suitable parts include multi-layer ceramic capacitors in 0603 or smaller surface-mount packages. The stub lengths between PCB vias and the component pads should also be minimized and sharing of vias for multiple connections on the same side of the PCB should be avoided unless it significantly reduces the achievable stub length. The center pad of the QFN-24 package, GND, should be connected to ground on the PCB for additional grounding and to provide thermal coupling between the ACS1790T die and the PCB. +3.3V 1Ω VDDF 1nF 0.1μF VSSF 1Ω VDDA 1nF 0.1μF VSSA ACS1790T +1.8/2.5/3.3V VDDD2 +3.3V 0.1μF VDDD 1nF 0.1μF 10μF VSSD VSSD2 GND Figure 23 : Recommended Power Supply Filtering Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 44 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Application Example Figure 24 shows an example application using the ACS1790T to provide the transmit clocks to a Synchronous Ethernet switch and associated phy to support both 1G and 10G Ethernet. In this example, the ACS1790T is configured to provide 25 MHz and 156.25 MHz output frequencies by default (MODE = 1). The 25 MHz output from OUT2 drives the Ethernet switch, which uses it as the timing reference for its 1G SGMII outputs. The 156.25 MHz output from OUT1 drives a 10G Ethernet phy that converts a 10G XAUI port from the switch into an SFI or XFI port. This configuration allows for Synchronous Ethernet support on both the 1G and 10G external Ethernet links. The example schematic shows the ACS1790T being used with a 12.8 MHz input clock (OSCFSLE1 = 1, OSCFSEL0 = 0) and configured to appear at I2C address 0xC0 (A0, A1 = 0). +3.3V 12.8 MHz OCXO 4.7k LOCK DETECT FEEDBACK CLOCK 4.7k LD +3.3V +3.3V MODE NC CLK 33Ω FBCLK 2.7k 25MHz OUT2 2.7k SCL SDA I2C RESET 4.7k 4.7k XAUI 130Ω OSCFSEL1 156.25MHz A0 A1 OUT1N 82Ω 4.7k 130Ω OUT1P OSCFSEL0 OEB SGMII +3.3V ACS1790T RESETB +3.3V 4.7k 1/10G Ethernet Switch 10G Ethernet Phy SFI/XFI 82Ω 1k Figure 24 : Example Synchronous Ethernet Application Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 45 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Packaging Information A D B DIM PIN 1 INDICATOR (LASER MARK) A A1 A2 b D D1 E E1 e L N aaa bbb E A2 DIMENSIONS INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX .031 .035 .039 .000 .001 .002 - (.008) .007 .010 .012 .152 .157 .163 .100 .106 .110 .152 .157 .163 .100 .106 .110 .020 BSC .012 .016 .020 24 .004 .004 0.80 0.90 1.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 - (0.20) 0.18 0.25 0.30 3.85 4.00 4.15 2.55 2.70 2.80 3.85 4.00 4.15 2.55 2.70 2.80 0.50 BSC 0.30 0.40 0.50 24 0.10 0.10 A SEATING PLANE aaa C A1 C D1 LxN E/2 E1 2 1 N bxN bbb e C A B D/2 NOTES: 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (ANGLES IN DEGREES). 2. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED PAD AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS. Figure 25 : QFN-24 Physical Package Detail K DIMENSIONS (C) G H Y Z DIM C G H K P X Y Z INCHES (.156) .122 .106 .106 .020 .010 .033 .189 MILLIMETERS (3.95) 3.10 2.70 2.70 0.50 0.25 0.85 4.80 X P NOTES: 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (ANGLES IN DEGREES). 2. THIS LAND PATTERN IS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY. CONSULT YOUR MANUFACTURING GROUP TO ENSURE YOUR COMPANY'S MANUFACTURING GUIDELINES ARE MET. 3. THERMAL VIAS IN THE LAND PATTERN OF THE EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE CONNECTED TO A SYSTEM GROUND PLANE. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY COMPROMISE THE THERMAL AND/OR FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF THE DEVICE. Figure 26 : Recommended PCB Land Pattern Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 46 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Revision Status/ History PRELIMINARY status when initial prototype devices are physically available, and the datasheet content more accurately represents the realization of the design. The datasheet is only raised to FINAL status after the device has been fully characterized, and the datasheet content updated with measured, rather than simulated parameter values. The Revision Status, as shown in top right corner of the datasheet, may be TARGET, PRELIMINARY, or FINAL, and refers to the status of the Device (not the datasheet), with the design cycle. TARGET status is used when the design is being realized but is not yet physically available, and the datasheet content reflects the intention of the design. The datasheet is raised to Revision History Revision 1.0 Date May 2013 Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Description of Changes First release of final datasheet Page 47 www.semtech.com ACS1790T ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT GROUP FINAL DATASHEET Ordering information Table 25 : Ordering Information Part Number Description Ultra Low Noise Frequency Synthesizer 2 kHz- 200MHz band – Pb and Halogen free, RoHS compliant ACS1790IMLTRT Tape and reel packing – 3000 devices per reel ACS1790IMLT Ultra Low Noise Frequency Synthesizer 2 kHz- 200MHz band – Pb and Halogen free, RoHS compliant Tray packing – 490 devices per tray Disclaimers Life support- This product is not designed or intended for use in life support equipment, devices or systems, or other critical applications. This product is not authorized or warranted by Semtech for such use. Right to change- Semtech Corporation reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to this product. Customers are advised to obtain the latest version of the relevant information before placing orders. Compliance to relevant standards- Operation of this device is subject to the User's implementation, and design practices. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure equipment using this device is compliant to any relevant standards. Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Contacts For Additional Information, contact the following: Semtech Corporation Advanced Communications Product Group E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Internet: http://www.semtech.com USA: Mailing Address: P.O. Box 6097, Camarillo, CA 93011-6097 Street Address: 200 Flynn Road, Camarillo, CA 93012-8790 Tel: +1 805 498 2111, Fax: +1 805 498 3804 FAR EAST: 11F, No. 46, Lane 11, Kuang Fu North Road, Taipei, R.O.C. Tel: +886 2 2748 3380 Fax: +886 2 2748 3390 EUROPE: Semtech Ltd., Units 2 and 3, Park Court, Premier Way, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, Hampshire, SO51 9DN Tel: +44 (0)1794 527 600 Fax: +44 (0)1794 527 601 ISO9001 CERTIFIED Revision 1.0 May 2013 © Semtech Corp. Page 48 www.semtech.com