AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver This application note describes how to create a wireless MBUS-compliant device using Silicon Labs Si4461/63/64 cost-efficient, high-performance EZRadioPRO® RF transceiver and EZR32 wireless MCU family. It does not cover the duty cycle and other timing requirements of the standard; rather, it focuses on the RF-related requirements of the prEN 13757-4 rev:2013 wireless MBUS standard, unless noted otherwise. The RF measurements listed in this application note were performed on the 4461-868-PDK development kit using the Wireless Development Suite. Refer to 2.6 Radio Link Requirements for Mode F for more details. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. KEY POINTS • Silicon Labs Si446x high-performance RF transceivers support all the WMBUS modes, including S, T, R, C, F and various N modes • The EZRadioPRO® transceivers meet WMBUS specifications Rev. 0.3 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Summary 1. Summary Table 1.1 Measured Sensitivity for 80% PER on page 1 summarizes the measured sensitivity for 80% PER and indicates that the radio meets the given MBUS mode specification. Table 1.1. Measured Sensitivity for 80% PER 1 2 Mode Parameter Measurement Results Comment S1,S2 Sensitivity –110 dBm freq. offset, data rate, | deviation corners Meets all Corners Meets MBUS Specifications Sensitivity –106 dBm T1, T2 freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets all Corners viation corners 3 R2 Sensitivity –117 dBm freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets all Corners viation corners 4 C Sensitivity –110 dBm (Meter to other) Meets MBUS Specifications Meets MBUS Specifications Meets MBUS Specifications -113 dBm (Other to meter) freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets All Corners viation corners 5 N(1,2)a/b/e/f Sensitivity –122 dBm freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets All Corners viation corners 6 N(1,2)c/d Sensitivity –120.5 dBm freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets all Corners viation corners 7 Sensitivity N2g freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets all corners viation corners 8 F Sensitivity –113 dBm –117 dBm freq. offset, data rate, de- Meets all corners with viation corners longer wake-up window Meets MBUS Specifications1 , 2 Meets MBUS Specifications2 Meets MBUS Specifications Meets MBUS Specifications Note: 1. 2.4 kHz deviation is used for the measurement according to the prEN 13757-4:2013 draft version of the standard. 2. The deviation offset tolerances were measured according to the prEN 13757-4:2013 draft version of the standard. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 1 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard 2. Wireless MBUS Standard The Wireless MBUS standard (EN 13757-4) specifies two kinds of devices: “Meters” and “Others” (mobile readout devices, data collectors, etc.). The standard also defines several types of communication between devices: • Mode S ("Stationary mode"): • Mode S1: unidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device • Mode S1m: unidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device • Mode S2: bidirectional communication between the Meter and Other device • Mode T ("Frequent transmit mode"): • Mode T1: unidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device • Mode T2: bidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device • Mode R ("Frequent receive mode"): special, multipchannel receiving mode • Mode R2: bidirectional link from Meter to Other device • Mode C ("Compact Mode"): • Mode C1: unidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device • Mode C2: bidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device • Mode N ("Narrowband VHF Mode"): • Mode N1a-g: unidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device • Mode N2a-g: bidirectional link from the Meter to the Other device • Mode F: protocol using routers The following tables list the radio requirements for the transmitter and receiver for Mode S, T, R, C, N, and F devices. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 2 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard 2.1 Radio Link Requirements for Mode S Table 2.1. Transmitter Requirements for Mode S Characteristic Mode Sym Center Frequency Min Typ Max Unit Note 868.25 868.30 868.35 MHz ~ 60 x 10 – 6 (ppm) (Transmit Only Meter, S1-SubMode) Center Frequency 868.278 868.300 868.322 MHz ~ 25 x 10 – 6 (ppm) (Other and S2Mode) FSK Deviation ±40 ±50 ±80 kHz — 32.768 — kcps Chip Rate Tolerance — — ±1.5 % Digital Bit Jitter1 — — ±3 µs Data Rate (Manchester)2 — fchip × 1/2 — bps — — Chip Rate Transmit Preamble Length Including Bit/ Byte Sync, fchip S2, 48 chips S1-M Both Directions Preamble Length Including Bit/byte Sync S1 — — 2 — 8 chips tRO 3 — 50 ms PL Postamble (Trailer) Length3 Response Delay4 576 chips Optional for S2 (Other To Meter Communication) FAC Transmission Delay5 , 6 S2 tTxD N × 1000 – 0.5 N × 1000 N × 1000 + 0.5 ms FAC Time Out7 S2 tTO 25 — 30 s silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. N = 2,3,4,or 5 Rev. 0.3 | 3 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard Characteristic Mode Sym Min Typ Max Unit Note Note: 1. The bit jitter shall be measured at the output of the microcontroller or encoder circuit. 2. Each bit shall be coded as two chips (Manchester encoding). 3. The postamble (trailer) shall consist of n = 1 to 4 “ones”, i.e., the chip sequence is n x (01). 4. Response delay: After transmitting a frame in S2-mode, the receiver shall be ready for the reception of a response in a time shorter than the minimum response delay and shall be receiving at least for the duration of the maximum response delay. 5. FAC Transmission delay describes the time by which a meter shall delay the first response to a received message from another device referred to in its last transmission. This delay shall also be applied between the first response of the meter and the next repeated response of the meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the meter transmission. For timing diagrams, see Appendix E. 6. The selected timeslot, N, shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle. 7. FAC Time out: is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the Other Device during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment where the repetition of the last response of the Meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent Access Cycle). Table 2.2. Receiver Requirements for Mode S Characteristic Class Sym Min Typ Max Unit Sensitivity (BER < 102) or (PER < 0.8)1 HR Po –100 –105 — dBm Blocking Performance2 LR 3 — — Category Blocking Performance2, 3 MR 2 — — Category Blocking Performance23, 4 HR 2 — — Category Acceptable Chip Rate Tolerance Dfchip — — ±2 % Chip rate (Meter) fchip — 32,768 — kcps Note: 1. At a frame size of 20 bytes. 2. Receiver category according to ETSI En 300 220-1, V2, 4, 1:2012, 4.1.1. 3. Additional requirement for class MR and class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified in ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2: 2011, 9.2. 4. Additional requiremen for class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be 40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, v2.4.1: 2012, 8.3. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 4 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard 2.2 Radio Link Requirements for Mode T Table 2.3. Transmitter Requirements for Mode T Characteristic Mode Sym Min Typ Max Unit Note Center Frequency (Meter to Other) T1,T2 868.90 868.95 869.00 MHz ~ 60 x 10 – 6 Center Frequency (Other to Meter) T2 FSK Deviation (Meter to Other) T1,T2 ±40 ±50 ±80 kHz FSK Deviation (Other to Meter) T2 ±40 ±50 ±80 kHz Chip Rate Transmit (Meter to Other) T1,T2 fchip 90 100 110 kcps Rate Variation within Header + Frame (Meter) T1,T2 Dfchip — 0 ±1 % Data Rate1 (Meter to Other, 3 out of 6 Encoding) T1,T2 — fchip × 2/3 — bps Chip Rate Transmit (Other to Meter) T2 — 32.768 — kcps Chip Rate Tolerance T2 — — ±1.5 % Digital Bit Jitter1 T2 — — ±3 us Data Rate T2 — fchip × 1/2 — bps 48 — — chips 2 — 8 chips (ppm) 868.278 868.300 868.322 MHz ~ 25 x 10 – 6 (ppm) (Other to Meter) (Other to Meter, Manchester)2 Preamble Length Including Bit / Byte Sync T1,T2 PL Both Directions Postamble (Trailer) Length3 T1,T2 silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 5 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard Characteristic Mode Sym Min Typ Max Unit Response Delay4 T2 tRO 2 — 3 ms FAC Transmission Delay 5 , 6 T2 tTxD N×1000 – 0.5 N×1000 N×1000 + 0.5 ms FAC Time Out7 T2 tTO 25 — 30 s Note (Other to Meter Communication) N = 2,3,4, or 5 Note: 1. Each nibble (4 bits) shall be coded as six chips. 2. The bit jitter shall be measured at the output of the microprocessor or encoder circuit. 3. The postamble (trailer) shall consist of at least of at least two alternating chips. If the last chip of the CRC was a zero, then the minimum postamble shall be “10”; otherwise, it shall be “01”. 4. Response delay: after transmitting a frame including the postamble, the receiver shall be ready for the reception of a response in a time shorter that the minimum response delay. After transmitting a frame, the receiver shall listen for a possible response for at least the maximum response delay. 5. FAC Transmission delay describes the time by which a meter shall delay the first response to a received message from another received message from another device referred to in its last transmission. This delay shall also be applied between the first response of the meter and the next repeated response of the meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the meter transmission. 6. The selected timeslot, N, shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle. 7. FAC Time out is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the other device during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment when the repetition of the last response of the meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent Access Cycle). Table 2.4. Receiver Requirements for Mode T Characteristic Class Sym Min Typ Max Unit Sensitivity (BER < 10–2) or (PER < 0,8)1 HR Po –100 –105 — dBm Blocking Performance2 LR — 3 — Category Blocking Performance 2, 3 MR — 2 — Category Blocking Performance 23, 4 HR — 2 — Category Acceptable Header Chip Rate Range: (Other) T1,T2 fchip 88 100 112 kcps Acceptable Chip Rate Variation During Header and Frame: (Other) T1,T2 Dfchip — 0 ±2 % Acceptable Chip Rate Tolerance T2 Dfchip — ±2 % silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Note ~± 12% Rev. 0.3 | 6 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard Characteristic Class Sym Min Typ Max Unit Chip Rate (Meter) T2 fchip — 32,768 — kcps Acceptable chip rate tolerance (meter) T2 Dfchip2 — 0 ±2 % Note — Note: 1. At a frame size of 20 bytes. 2. Receiver category according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012, 4.1.1. 3. Additional requirement for class MR and class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified in ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2: 2011, 9.2. 4. Additional requirement for class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be \>40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1: 2012, 8.3. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 7 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard 2.3 Radio Link Requirements for Mode R2 Table 2.5. Transmitter Requirements for Mode R2 Characteristic Mode Min Typ Max Unit Center Frequency (Other) — 868.33 — MHz Center Frequency (Meter) — 868.030 + n x 0.06 — MHz Frequency Tolerance (Meter/ Other) — 0 ±17 FSK Deviation ±4.8 ±6 ±7.2 — 4.8 — — ±1.5 % Digital Bit Jitter1 — — ±15 us Data rate (Manchester)2 — fchip × 1/2 — bps 96 — — chips 2 — 8 chips Chip Rate (Wakeup and Communications) Sym fchip Chip rate Tolerance Note ~ 20 x 10 – 6 (ppm) kHz kcps (Wakeup and Communications Preamble Length Including Bit / Byte Sync PL Postamble (Trailer) Length3 Response Delay4 (Other to Meter Communication) tRO 3 — 50 ms Response Delay4 (Meter to Other Communication) tRM 10 — 10000 ms FAC Transmission Delay5, 6 R2 tTxD N×1000 – 1 N×1000 N × 1000 + 1 ms FAC Time Out7 R2 tTO 25 — 30 s silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. N=12,13,14, or 15 Rev. 0.3 | 8 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard Characteristic Mode Sym Min Typ Max Unit Note Note: 1. The bit jitter shall be measured at the output of the micro-controller or encoder circuit. 2. Each bit shall be coded as two chips (Manchester encoding). 3. The postamble (trailer) shall consist of n = 1 to 4 “ones”, i.e., the chip sequence is n x (01). 4. Response delay: after transmitting a frame, the receiver shall be ready for the reception of a response in a time shorter than the minimum response delay and shall receive at least for the duration of the maximum response delay. 5. FAC Transmission delay describes the time by which a meter shall delay the first response to a received message from another device referring to its last transmission. This delay shall also be applied between the first response of the meter and the next repeated response of the meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the meter transmission. 6. The selected timeslot, N, shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle. 7. FAC Time out is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the other device during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment where the repetition of the last response of the meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent Access Cycle). Table 2.6. Receiver Requirements for Mode R2 Characteristic Class Sym Min Typ Max Unit Sensitivity (BER < 10Ù–2) or (PER < 0,8)1 HR Po –105 –110 — dBm Blocking performance2 LR — 3 — Category Blocking performance 2,3 MR — 2 — Category Blocking performance 2,3,4 HR — 2 — Category Acceptable Chip rate variation during header and frame Dfchip — — ±0.2 % Acceptable chip rate range fchip 4.7 4.8 4.9 kcps Note ~ ±2% Note: 1. At a frame size of 20 bytes. 2. Receiver category according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012, 4.1.1. 3. Additional requirement for class MR and class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified in ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2: 2011, 9.2. 4. Additional requirement for class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be \>40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1: 2012, 8.3. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 9 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard 2.4 Radio Link Requirements for Mode C Table 2.7. Transmitter Requirements for Mode C Characteristic Mode Center Frequency C1,C2 Sym Min Typ Max Unit Note 868.928 868.95 868.972 MHz ~ 25 x 10-6 (ppm) (Meter to Other) Centre Frequency (Other to Meter) C2 FSK Deviation (Meter to Other) C1,C2 ±43 ±45 ±47 kHz GFSK Deviation (Other to Meter) C2 ±23 ±25 ±27 kHz GFSK Relative Bandwidth C2 BT — 0.5 — C1,C2 fchip — 100 — kcps C2 fchip — 50 — kcps Chip Rate Tolerance C1,C2 Dfchip — — 100 ppm Data Rate1 C1,C2 — fchip — bps Preamble Length C1,C2 PL — 32 — chips Synchronization Length C1,C2 SL — 32 — chips Fast Response Delay2, 3, 4 C2 tRO 90 — 91 ms Slow Response Delay C2 tRO_slow 1000 — 1001 ms C2 tRM 90 — 91 ms Chip Rate 869.503 869.525 869.547 MHz ~ 25 x 10-6 (ppm) (Meter to Other) Chip Rate (Other to Meter) 2, 3, 4 (Other to Meter Communication) Fast Response Delay (Default)2, 3 (Meter to Other Communication) silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 10 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard Characteristic Mode Sym Min Typ Max Unit Slow Response Delay2, C2 tRM_slow 1000 — 1001 ms FAC Transmission Delay 5, 6 C2 tTxD N×1000 – 0,5 N×1000 N×1000 + 0,5 ms FAC Time Out7 C2 tTO 25 — 30 s Note 3 (Meter to Other Communication) N=2,3,4 or 5 Note: 1. All bits are NRZ coded. 2. Response delay: after transmitting a frame including the postamble, the receiver shall be ready for the reception of a response in a time shorter than the minimum response delay. After transmitting a frame, the receiver shall listen for a possible response for at least a maximum response delay. 3. The use of slow or fast response delay is specified in the “Communication Control Field” of the extended link layer. If an extended link layer is not included in the frame, the default response delay shall be used. 4. If the frame is repeated, the other end shall instead use a shorter response delay (tRR or tRR_slow) being 75 ms shorter than the corresponding tRO or tRO_slow. This enables bidirectional communication to be repeated without loss of communication speed. The frame from meter to other shall be repeated with a delay of less than 5 ms (tDR). 5. FAC Transmission delay describes the time by which a meter shall delay the first response to a received message from another device referring to its last transmission. This delay shall also be applied between the first response of the meter and the next repeated response of the meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the meter transmission. 6. The selected timeslot, N, shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle. 7. FAC Time out is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the other device during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment when the repetition of the last response of the meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent Access Cycle). Table 2.8. Receiver Requirements for Mode C Characteristic Class Sym Min Typ Max Unit Sensitivity (BER < 10–2) or (PER < 0. 8) (Other Device) HR Po –100 –105 — dBm Sensitivity (BER < 10–2) or (PER < 0. 8) (Meter)1 HR Po — –95 — dBm Blocking Performances 2, 3, HR — 2 — Category Note 4 Note: 1. At a frame size of 20 bytes. 2. Receiver category according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012, 4.1.1. 3. Additional requirement for class MR and class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified in ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2: 2011, 9.2. 4. Additional requirement for class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be \>40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1: 2012, 8.3. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 11 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard 2.5 Radio Link Requirements for Mode N Table 2.9. Link Parameters for Mode N Mode Channel 1 , 2 Center Frequency (MHz) Channel Spacing (kHz) GFSK (kbps) 4GMSK (kbps) N1a, N2a3 1a 169,406,250 12,5 4,8 1,5 N1b, N2b3 1b 169,418,750 12,5 4,8 1,5 N1c, N2c 2a 169,431,250 12,5 2,4 2,0 N1d, N2d 2b 169,443,750 12,5 2,4 2,0 N1a, N2a3 3a 169,456,250 12,5 4,8 1,5 N1b, N2b3 3b 169,468,750 12,5 4,8 1,5 N2g 04 169,437,500 50 a 1 169,412,500 25 a 2 169,437,500 25 a 3 169,462,500 25 19,2 Frequency Tolerance (± kHz) 2,5 Note: 1. These channels are optional and reserved for future use or national specific use. 2. Channel designation according to EU commission decision 2005/928/EC. 3. 2.4 kHz deviation is used for the measurement according to the prEN 13757-4:2013 draft version of the standard. 4. This channel may be used for multi-hop transmission of meter data as specified in EN 13757-5. The duty cycle for transmission from the meter shall be limited to 0.02% in this channel. Table 2.10. Mode N, Modulation and Timing Characteristic Data Rate GFSK Modulation (modulation index 2.0) Sym Min Typ Max Unit Note 2,4 kbps ± 1.68 ± 2.4 ± 3.12 kHz 70-130 % of nominal deviation1 GFSK Modulation (modulation index 1.0) 4.8 kbps ± 1.68 ± 2.4 ± 3.12 kHz 70-130 % of nominal deviation1 4GFSK Modulation (modulation index 0.5) 19.2 kbps 4GFSK peak modulation 19.2 kbps GFSK/4GFSK relative bandwidth All Bit/symbol rate tolerance All Preamble length All –7.2, –2.4, +2.4, +7.2 ± 5.04 BT PL silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. kHz ± 9.36 kHz ± 100 ppm 16 bits or symbols 70-130 % of nominal deviation1 0.5 16 Rev. 0.3 | 12 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard Characteristic Data Rate Sym Min Synchronisation length All SL 16 Postamble (trailer) length All Fast response delay2 (Other Device to Meter) All tRO 99.5 Slow response delay2 (Other Device to Meter) 2.4 kbps 4.8 kbps 19.2 kbps tRO_slow 2 099,5 1 099,5 1 099,5 FAC transmission delay (N2a to N2f)3, 4 2.4 kbps 4.8 kbps tTxD N×1 000 –0.5 FAC transmission delay (N2g only)3, 4 19.2 kbps tTxD N×1 000 –0.5 FAC time out 5 All tTO 25 Typ Max Unit 16 bits or symbols 0 100 Note bits or symbols 100.5 ms 2 100,5 1 100,5 1 100,5 ms N×1 000 N×1 000+0.5 ms N=5,7 or 13 N×1 000 N×1 000+0.5 ms N= 2,3 or 5 30 s Note: 1. Measured in centre of outer symbol (frequency vs. time eye opening) transmitting PN9 sequence, min./max. based on rms error value. 2. The transmitter shall start transmitting the preamble within this time delay after last bit of received frame. The use of slow or fast response delay is specified in the “Communication Control Field” of the Extended Link Layer – refer to 12.2.2.3. For timing diagrams see Annex E. If an Extended Link Layer is not included in the frame, the default response delay shall be used. 3. FAC Transmission delay: describes the duration which a Meter shall delay the first response to a received message from an Other Device referred to its last transmission. This delay shall also be applied between the first response of the Meter and the next repeated response of the Meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the Meter transmission. 4. The selected timeslot N shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle. 5. FAC Time out: is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the Other Device during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment where the repetition of the last response of the Meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent Access Cycle). Table 2.11. Mode N, Receiver Characteristic Class Sym Min Typ Sensitivity (BER <10-2) or (PER <0.8)1 (Other Device /Meter) GFSK HR PO –115 Sensitivity (BER <10-2) or (PER <0.8) 1(Other Device /Meter) GFSK HR PO –112 silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Max Unit Note –123 dBm 2.4 kbps –120 dBm 4.8 kbps Rev. 0.3 | 13 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard Characteristic Class Sym Min Typ Max Unit Note Sensitivity (BER <10-2) or (PER <0.8)1 (Other Device /Meter) 4GFSK HR PO –104 –107 dBm 19.2 kbps Blocking Performance2 LR 3 Category Blocking Performance2, 3 MR 2 Category Blocking Performance2, 3, 4 HR 2 Category Note: 1. At a frame size of 20 bytes. 2. Receiver category according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012; 4.1.1. 3. Additional requirements for Class MR and Class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified in ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2:2011, 9.2. 4. Additional requirement for Class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be > 40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012, 8.3. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 14 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard 2.6 Radio Link Requirements for Mode F Table 2.12. Mode F, Transmitter Parameters Characteristic Sym Mode Min Typ Max Unit Note All 433,813 433,82 433,827 MHz 16 ppm FSK Deviationa F2, F2-m ±4.8 ±5.5 ±7.0 kHz Data rate F2, F2-m Centre frequency Data rate tolerance 2,4 kcps All ±100 ppm Response delay (Meter to Other Device)b tRM F2-m 3 50 4 000 ms Fast response delay (Other Device to Meter)c d tRO F2 99.5 100 100.5 ms Slow response delay (Other Device to Meter)c d tRO_slow F2 999.5 1 000 1 000.5 ms FAC transmission delaye f tTxD F2 Nx1 000 Nx1 000 Nx1 000 ms FAC time outg tTO F2 –0.5 +0.5 25 30 N=5,7 or 13 s Note: a 75–125% of nominal deviation measured in centre of chip (frequency vs. time eye opening) transmitting a 9 bit pseudo-random (PN9) sequence, min/max based on the root-mean-square (rms) error value selected. b The time a Meter shall delay the response to a required message from an Other Device. c After receiving a frame the responding unit shall start the transmission of preamble after the specified response delay. The response delay is measured from the reception time of the last bit of the frame. For timing diagrams see Annex E. d The use of slow or fast response delay is specified in the “Communication Control Field” of the Extended Link Layer—refer to 12.2.2.3. For timing diagrams see Annex E. If an Extended Link Layer is not included in the frame, the default response delay shall be used. e FAC Transmission delay: This delay shall be applied between the first response of the meter and the next repeated response of the meter and all following repeated responses during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC). The reference time point shall be the end of preamble (end of sync sequence) of the meter transmission. For timing diagrams see Annex E. f The selected timeslot N shall be the same throughout the Frequent Access Cycle. g FAC time out: This is the time period between the last successful reception of a frame from the Other Device during the Frequent Access Cycle (FAC) and the moment where the repetition of the last response of the Meter shall be stopped (end of Frequent Access Cycle). If the frame is repeated (specified in the “Communication Control Field” of the Extended Link Layer—refer to 12.2.2) the Other Device shall instead use a shorter response delay (tRR or tRR_slow) being 85 ms shorter than the corresponding tRO or tRO_slow. This enables bi-directional communication to be repeated without loss of communication speed. The frame from Meter to Other Device shall be repeated with a delay less than 5 ms (tDRF). For timing diagrams see Annex E. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 15 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Standard Table 2.13. Mode F, Receiver Characteristic Class Sym Min Typ Max Unit Note Sensitivity (BER <10-2) or (PER < 0,8) HR PO –115 –117 dBm 2.4 kbps Blocking performance LR 3 Category Blocking performance MR 2 Category Blocking performance HR 2 Category Note: 1. At a frame size of 20 bytes. 2. Receiver category according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012; 4.1.1. 3. Additional requirements for Class MR and Class HR receivers: The equipment shall meet the immunity requirements as specified in ETSI EN 301 489-1, V1.9.2:2011, 9.2. 4. Additional requirement for Class HR receivers: Adjacent band selectivity shall be > 40 dB when measured according to ETSI EN 300 220-1, V2.4.1:2012, 8.3. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 16 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Measurement Setup 3. Measurement Setup The measurement setup contains a single signal generator capable of playing back predefined modulation patterns and various RF pico boards for the different frequency bands to be tested. 169 MHz 4362CPRXB169 434 MHz 4362CPRXB169 868 MHz 4362CPRXB868 All the receiver tests have been performed utilizing the on-chip packet handler. Wireless Development Suite (WDS) can be used to configure the radio for the given WMBUS modes. WDS configuration files are provided to help configure the radio for various WMBUS modes. These modes can be open in the Radio Configuration Application. Refer to AN796: Wireless Development Suite General Description and AN632: WDS User's Guide for EZRadioPRO Devices for more details regarding WDS. Upon sync word detection, the packet handler places a predefined number of bytes into the FIFO. It also does a CRC calculation on the payload data and compares it to the received CRC bytes located at the end of the packet. If the CRC check is successful, the chip asserts its packet_received status bit; otherwise, it will assert the CRC_error status bit. During the measurement, a packet reception is deemed successful if the packet_received status bit is set and is deemed unsuccessful if either the CRC_error status bit is set (corrupted packet) or neither of the above two status bits are set (missed packet). The test procedure for one packet is as follows: 1. Start receiver (only once at the beginning of the test). 2. Wait one packet length’s worth of time. 3. Fire packet on the generator. 4. Wait one packet length’s worth of time. 5. Check reception. Then go back to step #2. Packet-related parameters: • The preamble and sync word length are set according to the requirements of the actual MBUS mode. • Payload length: 20 bytes • Payload bytes: 0x0F, 0x44, 0xAE, 0x0C, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0x01, 0x07, 0x44, 0x47, 0x78, 0x0B, 0x13, 0x43, 0x65, 0x87, 0x1E, 0x6D • CRC length: 2 bytes • CRC polynomial: CRC-16 (IBM): X16+X15+X2+1 Note: 1. Whenever coding is required on the data, the length of the payload is adjusted accordingly. 2. In the case of Manchester coding, the payload is twice as long (40 bytes) in the air. 3. In the case of 3-out-of-6 coding, the payload is 1.5 times as long in the air (30 bytes). 4. The CRC used at the tests does not match the CRC specified in the standard. The CRC check is merely there to help qualify the packet reception. For each mode a PER curve, sensitivity vs. frequency offset, deviation offset and DR offset curves (where applicable) are presented in the next sections. On the sensitivity curves the minimum sensitivity limit (taken from the standard) is drawn as a horizontal red line and the offset limits are drawn as vertical red lines. The traces should always travel below the horizontal lines in the region bordered by the vertical lines. Deriving the DR and deviation offset limits are straightforward from the Tx side specifications in the standard. The frequency offset limits, however, deserve a few words here. In the standard only the Tx side frequency accuracy is specified; we simply need an RX solution that can receive Tx signals with the extreme frequency offsets. The receiver, however on its own has its own frequency inaccuracy that must also be taken into account. Throughout the tests conducted for this application note, however, the receiver was calibrated to have close to 0 ppm frequency accuracy with regards to the signal generator. So in the test setup we do not have the aforementioned inaccuracy at the Rx side. The resolution to this issue is that we "place" the Rx inaccuracy to the Tx side and draw the offset limit lines at twice the specification on the Tx. This logic assumes that the Rx has the same inaccuracy as the Tx. This assumption became a design goal when the receive configurations were put together. As an example N2a mode requires a ± 1.5 kHz frequency accuracy on the nodes. On the sensitivity vs. frequency offset graph this number is translated to ± 3kHz as the receiver has no frequency error at all in the tests. This also practically means that in an application that the same reference source (XO/TCXO) can be used in the Rx node as specified in the Tx node. In our example it means a ± 1500 [Hz] /169 [MHz] = ± 8.87 ppm reference source accuracy at either side of the link. This logic is adhered throughout the document at the sensitivity vs. frequency offset graphs unless otherwise stated. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 17 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4. Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.1 S Mode The following link parameters were used for the measurement: • Center frequency: 868.3 MHz • Chip rate: 32.768 kcps, 2 FSK modulation • Frequency deviation: ±50 kHz • Receiver filter BW: 264.5 kHz • Packet Format: preamble (n = 15 or 279 – depending on the preamble length definition) x (01) + sync word “000111011010010110” + 20 byte payload + CRC 4.1.1 Receiver Sensitivity Figure 4.1. S-Mode Receiver Sensitivity Short preamble mode (S2, S1-M modes): • 0% PER at strong RF i/p. • The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –105 dBm. • The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –106 dBm. • The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is -108 dBm. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 18 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.1.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance Figure 4.2 S-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 19 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset. Figure 4.2. S-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance The limits are placed at ± 85 ppm offset on the graph. Worst case transmitters (S1, S1m) will have a ± 60 ppm accuracy, worst case receive modes (S2) will have a worst case ± 25 ppm accuracy. Therefore, the sum of the two numbers has been used to determine the limits. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 19 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.1.3 Receive Data Rate Error Tolerance Figure 4.3 S-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 20 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the percentage of data rate error. Figure 4.3. S-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 20 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.1.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance Figure 4.4 S-Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 21 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER, versus the deviation error in kHz. Figure 4.4. S-Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 21 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.1.5 Receiver Blocking Performance Figure 4.5 S-Mode Blocking on page 22 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows the receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets. Figure 4.5. S-Mode Blocking 4.1.6 Conclusion • Si446x has –108 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS S mode. This is 8 dBm better than the W-MBUS S mode requirements. • Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS standard. • MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller. • Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements. • Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class. 4.2 T Mode Note: Only the “Meter to Other Device Modulation format results are presented in this section as the “Other Device to Meter” modulation format is identical to mode S (Section 5.1) The following link parameters were used for the measurement: • Center frequency: 868.95 MHz • Chip rate: 100 kcps, 2 FSK modulation • Frequency deviation: ±50 kHz • Receiver filter BW: 257 kHz • Packet Format: preamble(n = 19) x (01) + sync word “0000111101” + 20 byte payload + CRC silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 22 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.2.1 Receiver Sensitivity Figure 4.6. T-Mode Receiver Sensitivity • • • • 0% PER at High RF i/p The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –100 dBm The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –102 dBm The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –104.5 dBm silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 23 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.2.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance Figure 4.7 T-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 24 and Figure 4.8 T-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 25 show the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The figures show the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset. Sensitivity vs. frequency offset curves are presented at various Tx signal DR values (nominal, minimum, maximum) parameterized with various Tx signal deviation values (nominal, minimum, maximum). Figure 4.7. T-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance The limits are placed at ± 85 ppm offset on the graph. Worst case transmitters (T1) will have a ± 60 ppm accuracy; worst case receive modes (T2) will have a worst case ± 25 ppm accuracy. Therefore, the sum of the two numbers has been used to determine the limits. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 24 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results Figure 4.8. T-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 25 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.2.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance Figure 4.9 T-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 26 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the data rate error in kHz. Figure 4.9. T-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 26 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.2.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance Figure 4.10 T-Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 27 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in kHz. Figure 4.10. T-Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 27 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.2.5 Receiver Blocking Performance Figure 4.11 T-Mode Receiver Selectivities on page 28shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plots show receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets. Figure 4.11. T-Mode Receiver Selectivities 4.2.6 Conclusion • Si446x has –104.5 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS T mode. This is 4.5 dBm better than the W-MBUS T mode requirements. • Si446x meets all the corners (frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error) required by the W-MBUS standard. • MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller. • Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements. • Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class. 4.3 R2 Mode The following link parameters were used for the measurement: • Center frequency: 868.03 MHz • Chip rate: 4.8 kcps, 2 FSK modulation • Frequency deviation: ±6 kHz • Receiver filter BW: 60 kHz • Packet Format: preamble (n = 39) x (01) + sync word “000111011010010110” + 20 byte payload + CRC silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 28 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.3.1 Receiver Sensitivity Figure 4.12. R-Mode Receiver Sensitivity • • • • 0% PER at strong RF i/p. The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –113 dBm The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –115 dBm The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –117 dBm silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 29 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.3.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance Figure 4.13 R-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 30 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset. Figure 4.13. R-Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance Mode R2 is the only mode that is channelized and has a 60 kHz channel spacing specification. Now, let us have a look at a worst case Tx scenario with the largest deviation and maximum frequency offset. ModBW_max = 2 x deviation_max + DR = 2*7.2 kHz + 6 kbps = 19.4 kHz single_sided_frequency_offset_max = 20 [ppm] * 868 [MHz] = 17.36 kHz In such a worst case scenario the Tx signal can span between ± 27.06 kHz (with the ± worst case frequency offset) with regards to the center frequency. That only leaves a "slack" of ± 2.94 kHz on the receiver to still comply with the 60 kHz channel spacing. This translates to a ± 3.4 ppm reference accuracy at the Rx side. With the current wording of the standard this is the only way to comply with the 60 kHz channel spacing specification. The limit lines are set to ± 23.4 ppm (± 20 kHz). silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 30 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.3.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance Figure 4.14 R-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 31 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the percentage of data rate error. Figure 4.14. R-Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 31 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.3.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance Figure 4.15 R Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 32 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in kHz. Figure 4.15. R Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 32 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.3.5 Receiver Blocking Performance Figure 4.16 R2 Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 33 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows the receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets. Figure 4.16. R2 Mode Receiver Selectivity 4.3.6 Conclusion • Si446x has –117 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS R2 mode. This is 12 dBm better than the W-MBUS R2 mode requirements. • Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS standard. • MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller. • Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements. • Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 33 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.4 C Mode The following link parameters were used for the measurement: • Direction from meter: • Center frequency: 868.95 MHz • Chip rate: 100 kcps, 2 FSK modulation • Frequency deviation: ±45 kHz • Receiver filter BW: 214.04 kHz • Packet Format: preamble (n = 16) x (01) + sync word “0101010000111101 0101010011001101” + 20 bytes payload + CRC • Direction to meter: • Center frequency: 869.525 MHz • Chip rate: 50 kcps, 2 GFSK modulation • Frequency deviation: ±25 kHz • Receiver filter BW: 143.24 kHz • Packet Format: preamble (n = 16) x (01) + sync word “0101010000111101 0101010011001101” + 20 byte payload + CRC silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 34 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.4.1 Receiver Sensitivity Figure 4.17. C-Mode Receiver Sensitivity • Direction: Meter to other (C1, C2): • 0% PER at strong RF i/p. • The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –104 dBm. • The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –106 dBm. • The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –109 dBm. • Direction: Other to meter (C2): • 0% PER at strong RF i/p. • The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –107 dBm. • The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –108 dBm. • The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –111 dBm. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 35 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.4.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance Figure 4.18 C Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance from Meter / to Meter on page 36 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plots show the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 36 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results Figure 4.18. C Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance from Meter / to Meter silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 37 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.4.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance Figure 4.19 C Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 38 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the data rate error in ppm. Figure 4.19. C Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 38 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.4.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance Figure 4.20 C Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance (from Meter / to Meter) on page 39 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plots show the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in kHz. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 39 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results Figure 4.20. C Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance (from Meter / to Meter) silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 40 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.4.5 Receiver Blocking Performance Figure 4.21 C Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 41 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plots show the receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 41 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results Figure 4.21. C Mode Receiver Selectivity 4.4.6 Conclusion • Si446x has –109 dBm or –111 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS C mode (depending on the direction). These are 8 dB and 11 dB better than the W-MBUS C mode requirements. • Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS standard. • MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller. • Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements. • Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class. 4.5 N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode The following link parameters were used for the measurement: • Center frequency: 169.40625 MHz • Chip rate: 4.8 kbps, 2 GFSK modulation • Frequency deviation: ±2.4 kHz • Receiver filter BW: 10.33 kHz • Packet Format: preamble(n = 8) x (01) + sync word “11110110 10001101” + 20 bytes payload + CRC silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 42 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.5.1 Receiver Sensitivity Figure 4.22. N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Sensitivity • • • • <1% PER at High RF i/p. The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –117 dBm. The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –118 dBm. The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –120.5 dBm. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 43 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.5.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance Figure 4.23 N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 44 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset. Figure 4.23. N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 44 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.5.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance Figure 4.24 N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 45 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus percentage of data rate error. Figure 4.24. N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 45 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.5.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance Figure 4.25 N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 46 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in kHz. Figure 4.25. N(1,2)a/b/e/f Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 46 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.5.5 Receiver Blocking Performance Figure 4.26 N(1,2)a/b Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 47 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows the receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets. Figure 4.26. N(1,2)a/b Mode Receiver Selectivity 4.5.6 Conclusion • Si446x has –120.5 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS N(1,2)a/b/e/f mode. This is 8.5 dB better than the W-MBUS N(1,2)a/b/e/f mode requirements. • Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS N(1,2)a/b/e/f standard. • MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller. • Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements. • Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class. 4.6 N(1,2)c/d Mode The following link parameters were used for the measurement: • Center frequency: 169.43125 MHz • Chip rate: 2.4 kbps, 2 GFSK modulation • Frequency deviation: ±2.4 kHz • Receiver Filter BW: 11.58 kHz • Packet Format: preamble (n = 8) x (01) + sync word “11110110 10001101” + 20 bytes payload + CRC silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 47 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.6.1 Receiver Sensitivity Figure 4.27. Nc/d Mode Receiver Sensitivity • • • • <1% PER at High RF i/p. The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –116 dBm. The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –118 dBm. The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –120.5 dBm. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 48 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.6.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance Figure 4.28 Nc/d Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 49 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset. Figure 4.28. Nc/d Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance The limits are placed at ± 21 ppm offset on the graph.Worst case transmitters will have a ±11.5 ppm accuracy. In such a narrowband worst case receive modes can have a worst case ±9.5 ppm accuracy. Therefore, the sum of the two numbers has been used to determine the limits. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 49 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.6.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance Figure 4.29 Nc/d Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 50 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the percentage of data rate error. Figure 4.29. Nc/d Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 50 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.6.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance Figure 4.30 Nc/d Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 51 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in Hz. Figure 4.30. Nc/d Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 51 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.6.5 Receiver Blocking Performance Figure 4.31 Nc/d Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 52 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows the receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets. Figure 4.31. Nc/d Mode Receiver Selectivity 4.6.6 Conclusion • Si446x has –120.5 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS Nc/d modes, which is 5.5 dB better than the W-MBUS Nc/d mode requirements. • Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS standard. • MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller. • Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements. • Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class. 4.7 N2g Mode The following link parameters were used for the measurement: • Center frequency: 169.4375 MHz • Chip rate: 9.6 kcps, 4 GFSK modulation • Frequency deviation: ± 2.4 kHz • Receiver filter BW: 26 kHz • Packet Format: preamble (n=8) x (AD) + sync word “DDDDADDA DAAADDAD” + 20 bytes payload + CRC Data transmitted using 4GFSK modulation shall be NRZ encoded, with the lowest frequency corresponding to binary “01” (symbol A), the second frequency corresponding to binary “00” (B), the third frequency corresponding to binary “10” (C) and the highest frequency corresponding to binary “11” (D). silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 52 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.7.1 Receiver Sensitivity Figure 4.32. N2g Mode Receiver Sensitivity • The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –108 dBm. • The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –110 dBm. • The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –113 dBm silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 53 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.7.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance Figure 4.33 N2g Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 54 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset. Figure 4.33. N2g Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 54 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.7.3 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance Figure 4.34 N2g Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 55 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in Hz. Figure 4.34. N2g Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 55 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.7.4 Receiver Blocking Performance Figure 4.35 N2g Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 56 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows the receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets. Figure 4.35. N2g Mode Receiver Selectivity 4.7.5 Conclusion • Si446x has –113 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS N2g modes, which is 9 dB better than the W-MBUS N2g mode requirements. • Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the WMBUS standard. • MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller. • Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements. • Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class. 4.8 F Mode The following link parameters were used for the measurement: • Center frequency: 433.82 MHz • Chip rate: 2.4 kcps, 2 FSK modulation • Frequency deviation: ±5.5 kHz • Receiver Filter BW: 46.3 kHz • Packet Format: preamble (n = 39) x (01) + sync word “000111010110100101” + 20 bytes payload + CRC silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 56 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.8.1 Receiver Sensitivity Figure 4.36. F Mode Receiver Sensitivity • • • • 0% PER at High RF i/p with 32 bit preamble The measured sensitivity for <1% PER is –114 dBm. The measured sensitivity for <20% PER is –117 dBm. The measured sensitivity for <80% PER is –118.5 dBm. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 57 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.8.2 Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance Figure 4.37 F Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance on page 58 shows the frequency error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus frequency offset. Figure 4.37. F Mode Receiver Frequency Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 58 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.8.3 Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance Figure 4.38 F Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance on page 59 shows the data rate error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the data rate error in ppm. Figure 4.38. F Mode Receiver Data Rate Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 59 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.8.4 Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance Figure 4.39 F Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance on page 60 shows the deviation error tolerance capability of the receiver. The plot shows the sensitivity of the receiver measured at 80% PER versus the deviation error in kHz. Figure 4.39. F Mode Receiver Deviation Error Tolerance silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 60 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Wireless MBUS Measurement Results 4.8.5 Receiver Blocking Performance Figure 4.40 F Mode Receiver Selectivity on page 61 shows the selectivity/blocking performance of the receiver. The plot shows the receiver selectivity with blockers on both the positive and negative frequency offsets with respect to the receiver. The selectivity was measured at 1% BER at various frequency offsets. Figure 4.40. F Mode Receiver Selectivity 4.8.6 Conclusion • Si446x has –118.5 dBm sensitivity in W-MBUS F mode. This is 2.5 dB better than the W-MBUS F mode requirements. • Si446x meets all the corners vs. frequency error, data rate error, and deviation error required by the W-MBUS standard. • MBUS signal can be received with built-in Packet Handler in all the corner cases. This eliminates the need for any additional microcontroller for data recovery. It also reduces the complexity of the packet handling code on the microcontroller. • Si446x meets the ETSI Class2 blocking requirements. • Si446x complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class. Complies with the W-MBUS highest receiver performance class. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 61 AN805: Si446x Wireless MBUS Receiver Document Change List 5. Document Change List 5.1 Revision 0.1 to Revision 0.2 • Add clarification regarding the HW platform and tools for configuring the radio. 5.2 Revision 0.2 to Revision 0.3 • All the data was updated for Rev C based on the EN13757-4-2013 w-MBUS standard. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 0.3 | 62 Simpilcity Studio One-click access to MCU tools, documentation, software, source code libraries & more. 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