APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Application Note: Designing with Acriche A4 SAWX4A0X Introduction Features The Acriche series of devices are designed for ease of implementation and readily connect to AC sources emitting very high flux while minimizing driver requirements. Acriche products are long-lasting, environmentally friendly semiconductor light sources that can be attached either directly to AC voltages, or as with the A4, to a simple diode bridge (see Fig 6). • Connect using a simple diode bridge directly to AC power • Power Saving • Long Life Time • Simple BOM • Miniaturization • Low thermal resistance • SMT solderability • Lead Free product • RoHS compliant Acriche’s thermal management exceeds other power LED solutions incorporating state-of-the-art SMD technology, thermal path design, and low thermal resistant materials. Whether designing a spot light or tiled array, the Acriche A4 is an ideal light source for general purpose illumination applications. This application note provides assembly and handling information of the A4 series. Applications • • • • Architectural lighting Residential lighting Task lighting Decorative/Pathway lighting Rev. 00 September 2011 1 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Contents 1. Component 1.1 Description -----------------------------------------------------------------------3 1.2 Mechanical Dimension ----------------------------------------------------------3 1.3 PCB solder pad layout -----------------------------------------------------------4 1.4 Junction Temperature -----------------------------------------------------------4 1.5 Lens handling --------------------------------------------------------------------5 2. Driver Configurations 2.1 Description -----------------------------------------------------------------------5 2.2 Proper Resistor Selection-------------------------------------------------------5 2.3 Optional Components/Configurations-----------------------------------------7 2.4 Circuit configuration performance -------------------------------------------18 2.5 Relative light output between AC and DC------------------------------------19 2.6 Combining different voltage bins---------------------------------------------20 2.7 Color bin selection -------------------------------------------------------------21 3. Protection 3.1 Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------22 3.2 Lightning surges, Voltage spikes or Ring Wave Protection ---------------22 3.3 Over-current and Over-temperature Protection----------------------------22 Rev. 00 September 2011 2 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet 1. Component 1.1 Description The ACRICHE A4 emitter is designed to operate off of rectified high voltage AC. The A4 PKG contains a high brightness, high voltage LED chip array on a ceramic substrate that functions as a mechanical support for the chips and connects the LED chip to the anode and cathode of the package. Each A4 emitter contains a zener diode to provide ESD protection. A silicone lens covering the LED chip helps to extract the light and provide environmental protection. Silicone lens Cathode (over the chips) Anode Thermal pad Ceramic substrate (electrically isolated) Figure 1. ACRICHE A4 (left) and bottom of A4 (right) 1.2 Mechanical Dimensions As seen in Fig 2 below, the theoretical optical center is located at the center of the A4 package. The anode, cathode and thermal pads are located on the bottom of the package. The cathode mark indicates the cathode pad location. The ceramic substrate electrically isolates the thermal pad or slug from the cathode and anode. Electrical shocks can occur at high voltage, therefore safety considerations should be taken into account by following UL Recommendations. The A4 has been UL recognized. Figure 2. ACRICHE A4 mechanical dimensions(mm) Rev. 00 September 2011 3 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet 1.3 PCB solder pad layout The ACRICHE A4 emitter should be mounted on a printed circuit board for electrical connections and to give a proper thermal path between the LED package and the heat sink. A temperature check point is recommended to be designed into the solder pad layout which can be used to calculate the junction temperature for thermal degradation and life time calculations. The solder pad should not be designed larger than the recommended size as the part may shift and excess solder paste may form solder balls which can create electrical shorts between internal pads on the 6.4 package (Figure 4). Temperature check point 6.4 0.5 2.6 4.4 Figure 3. Recommended PCB solder pad layout Internal electrical shorts can occur from Solder balls if excess solder paste is used. The LED may be partially on or totally turned off. Figure 4. Incorrect soldering of the ACRICHE A4 emitter 1.4 Junction Temperature The life time of the ACRICHE A4 emitter is most directly related to the junction temperature, but it is impossible to measure the junction temperature directly without any damage. Tj can be theoretically calculated by using the thermal resistance between the LED junction and the board. The equation for Tj is: Tj[℃] = Tb[℃] + RΘ j-b[℃/W] x emitter power[W]. The equation of the emitter power is calculated using the following formula: P[W] = Input Vrms[V] X Input Irms[A] X Power Factor – Irms2[A] X Resistor Value[Ω]. The rectifier power dissipation is negligible so we are not using this in the calculations, although we do need the Power Factor(PF) for the A4 emitter. It is about 0.89 in the typical drive configuration consisting of only a rectifier and a resistor. (Note: The PF is 1.00 generally in constant current drive). Silicone lens Chip Ceramic substrate Tj (Junction Temperature) Tb (Board Temperature) Solder paste Metal PCB Rev. 00 Figure 5. Thermal modeling of the ACRICHE A4 emitter 4 September 2011 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet 1.5 Lens handling Improper handling of the LED packages can damage the silicone lens. Avoid touching the silicone dome of the LED especially with sharp tools. Pick up the LED on the sides of the package. Any physical force to the silicone lens in excess of 3000gf will permanently and fatally damage the part. The silicone dome is sensitive to dust and debris and can cause an optical output decrease. If dust or debris accumulates on the lens, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) can be used to remove dust from the lens. 2. Driver Configurations 2.1 Description The ACRICHE A4 emitter is designed to operate directly off of AC line power(e.g 120Vac, 230Vac) with a rectifier, resistors or optional capacitor(s). This compact circuit can minimize the lighting product size, help simplify thermal design, and increase overall product reliability. It is also an economical solution because you do not need to have all the extra components. Typical low voltage DC circuits require a transformer, regulator and multiple discrete components such as capacitors, inductors, resistors. 2.2 Proper resistor selection Operating the ACRICHE A4 emitter requires a bridge rectifier and resistors at a minimum, since the architecture of the A4 has been modified from the earlier versions of the Acriche family(A2, A3), which did not need a bridge. This architecture has a string of LEDs in one direction only, compared to the previous version which has strings in both directions, thereby not requiring the diode bridge previously. Utilizing the new architecture, we are able to reduce the number of LEDs needed, thereby reducing package size and price. It is better to use higher than rated power resistors for reliability. The rated power of the resistor should be chosen based on the equation Irms(A)*Irms(A)*Resistor value(ohms). The normal power rating of a 3216 size resistor is 0.25W. If the power consumption in one resistor exceeds the rated power of the resistor it is suggested to use multiple resistors in parallel. Rev. 00 September 2011 5 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Acriche A4 Rout Vin Acriche A4 BD Rout Vin BD Figure 6. Compact drive circuit configuration 100~120Vac Input Voltage 100 Vac 110 Vac 120 Vac VF bins Power dissipation Target Drive Current A B C D 2W 20 mA,rms 630 Ω 480 Ω 330 Ω 180 Ω 3W 25 mA,rms 420 Ω 270 Ω 120 Ω N/A 4W 30 mA,rms 285 Ω 135 Ω N/A N/A 2W 20 mA,rms 1060 Ω 910 Ω 760 Ω 610 Ω 3W 25 mA,rms 765 Ω 615 Ω 465 Ω 315 Ω 4W 30 mA,rms 575 Ω 425 Ω 275 Ω 125 Ω 2W 20 mA,rms 1510 Ω 1360 Ω 1210 Ω 1060 Ω 3W 25 mA,rms 1125 Ω 975 Ω 825 Ω 675 Ω 4W 30 mA,rms 870 Ω 720 Ω 570 Ω 420 Ω Table 1. Resistor values in Figure 6. (left) Input Voltage 100 Vac 110 Vac 120 Vac Power dissipation Target Drive Current 4W VF bins A B C D 40 mA,rms 315 Ω 240 Ω 165 Ω 90 Ω 6W 50 mA,rms 210 Ω 135 Ω 60 Ω N/A 8W 60 mA,rms 140 Ω 65 Ω N/A N/A 4W 40 mA,rms 530 Ω 455 Ω 380 Ω 305 Ω 6W 50 mA,rms 385 Ω 310 Ω 235 Ω 160 Ω 8W 60 mA,rms 285 Ω 210 Ω 135 Ω 60 Ω 4W 40 mA,rms 755 Ω 680 Ω 605 Ω 530 Ω 6W 50 mA,rms 565 Ω 490 Ω 415 Ω 340 Ω 8W 60 mA,rms 435 Ω 360 Ω 285 Ω 210 Ω Table 2. Resistor values in Figure 6. (right) * Notes : [1] SSC recommends that MS6B (Max input voltage: 420Vrms) would be used as a bridge rectifier. [2] Applicable Part Numbers are currently SAW04A0A (AW4240-01) and SAW84A0C (AN4240-03) Rev. 00 September 2011 6 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Acriche A4 Rout Vin BD Figure 7. Standard compact drive circuit configuration 220~240Vac Input Voltage 220 Vac 230 Vac 240 Vac VF bins Power dissipation Target Drive Current A B C D 4W 20 mA,rms 2200 Ω 1900 Ω 1600 Ω 1300 Ω 6W 25 mA,rms 1570 Ω 1270 Ω 970 Ω 670 Ω 8W 30 mA,rms 1180 Ω 880 Ω 580 Ω 280 Ω 4W 20 mA,rms 2640 Ω 2340 Ω 2040 Ω 1740 Ω 6W 25 mA,rms 1930 Ω 1630 Ω 1330 Ω 1030 Ω 8W 30 mA,rms 1480 Ω 1180 Ω 880 Ω 580 Ω 4W 20 mA,rms 3080 Ω 2780 Ω 2480 Ω 2180 Ω 6W 25 mA,rms 2290 Ω 1990 Ω 1690 Ω 1390 Ω 8W 30 mA,rms 1780 Ω 1480 Ω 1180 Ω 880 Ω Table 3. Resistor values in Figure 7. 2.3 Optional Components/Configurations Acriche A4 can be operated in three additional optional configurations if higher efficiency or less flicker is needed. These optional configurations can lower power factor as seen in Table 13. The three different component configurations consist of a bridge diode, resistor, and capacitor(s). Optional Configuration #1 : output resistor + output capcacitor(parallel) Optional Configuration #2 : Input capacitor(series) + output resistor Optional Configuration #3 : Input capacitor(series) + output capcacitor(parallel) + output resistor 40 Standard AC driving Optional Configuration#1 Optional Configuration#2 35 Optional Configuration#3 Current [mA] 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 Time [ms] 7 Rev. 00 September 2011 Figure 8. Current waveforms of different circuit configurations www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Optional circuit configuration#1: This adds an output capacitor to the standard circuit. This configuration has no flicker. The current shape through the A4 package is similar to DC current, as seen in Figure 8. Input current and LED current are not the same value. The target drive current indicates LED current through A4 PKG. There is no difference in resistor values between 50Hz and 60Hz of frequency. Rout Vin Acriche A4 BD Cout Figure 9. Optional compact drive circuit configuration#1 Input Voltage Frequency LED# 4 ea 220 Vac Cout Rout for VF bins 20 mA,rms A B C D 47 uF 4650 Ω 4350 Ω 4050 Ω 3750 Ω 30 mA,rms 47 uF 2750 Ω 2450 Ω 2150 Ω 1850 Ω 40 mA,rms 47 uF 1850 Ω 1550 Ω 1250 Ω 950 Ω 20 mA,rms 47 uF 1960 Ω 1580 Ω 1210 Ω 830 Ω 20 mA,rms 47 uF 5350 Ω 5050 Ω 4750 Ω 4450 Ω 30 mA,rms 47 uF 3250 Ω 2950 Ω 2650 Ω 2350 Ω 40 mA,rms 47 uF 2200 Ω 1900 Ω 1600 Ω 1300 Ω 20 mA,rms 47 uF 2670 Ω 2290 Ω 1920 Ω 1540 Ω 30 mA,rms 47 uF 1370 Ω 1000 Ω 620 Ω 250 Ω 20 mA,rms 47 uF 6050 Ω 5750 Ω 5450 Ω 5150 Ω 30 mA,rms 47 uF 3700 Ω 3400 Ω 3100 Ω 2800 Ω 40 mA,rms 47 uF 2550 Ω 2250 Ω 1950 Ω 1650 Ω 20 mA,rms 47 uF 3380 Ω 3000 Ω 2630 Ω 2250 Ω 30 mA,rms 47 uF 1850 Ω 1470 Ω 1100 Ω 720 Ω 20 mA,rms 100 uF 1580 Ω 1430 Ω 1280 Ω 1130 Ω 30 mA,rms 100 uF 890 Ω 740 Ω 590 Ω 440 Ω 20 mA,rms 100 uF 2290 Ω 2140 Ω 1990 Ω 1840 Ω 30 mA,rms 100 uF 1360 Ω 1210 Ω 1060 Ω 910 Ω 40 mA,rms 100 uF 910 Ω 760 Ω 610 Ω 460 Ω 20 mA,rms 100 uF 2990 Ω 2840 Ω 2690 Ω 2540 Ω 30 mA,rms 100 uF 1830 Ω 1680 Ω 1530 Ω 1380 Ω 40 mA,rms 100 uF 1260 Ω 1110 Ω 960 Ω 810 Ω 50Hz/60Hz 5 ea 4 ea 230 Vac Target Drive Current (ILED, not Iin) 50Hz/60Hz 5 ea 4 ea 240 Vac 50Hz/60Hz 5 ea 100 Vac 110 Vac 120 Vac 50Hz/60Hz 50Hz/60Hz 50Hz/60Hz 2 ea 2 ea 2 ea Table 4. Resistor and capacitor values in Figure 9 Rev. 00 September 2011 8 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Optional circuit configuration#2: This adds an input capacitor to the standard circuit. This Configuration has the same current shape through the A4 package as the standard AC drive (as seen in Figure 8), but since it can only drive one LED string it is very suitable for compact designs like a candle lamp. Additionally the circuit efficiency is very high(see table 13). You can also improve efficiency a little by eliminating the output resistor(Rout), but SSC recommends using Rout for surge immunity. Cin Rout Vin Acriche A4 BD Figure 10. Optional compact drive circuit configuration#2 Input Voltage Frequency LED# Target Drive Current (ILED = Iin) Rout 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 560 nF 590 nF 640 nF 700 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 920 nF 1060 nF 1320 nF N/A 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 410 nF 420 nF 420 nF 430 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 630 nF 650 nF 680 nF 710 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 870 nF 920 nF 980 nF 1060 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 350 nF 350 nF 350 nF 350 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 530 nF 530 nF 530 nF 540 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 720 nF 720 nF 720 nF 730 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 310 nF 310 nF 310 nF 310 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 460 nF 460 nF 460 nF 460 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 620 nF 620 nF 620 nF 620 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 470 nF 490 nF 530 nF 580 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 770 nF 880 nF 1100 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 340 nF 350 nF 350 nF 360 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 530 nF 550 nF 570 nF 590 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 730 nF 760 nF 810 nF 880 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 290 nF 290 nF 290 nF 290 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 440 nF 440 nF 440 nF 450 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 600 nF 600 nF 600 nF 610 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 260 nF 260 nF 260 nF 260 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 380 nF 380 nF 390 nF 390 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 510 nF 510 nF 520 nF 520 nF 4 ea 3 ea 50 Hz 2 ea 1 ea 220 Vac Cin for VF bins A B C D 4 ea 3 ea 60 Hz 2 ea 1 ea Table 5. Resistor and capacitor values in Figure 10 (220Vac) N/A Rev. 00 September 2011 9 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Input Voltage Frequency LED# 4 ea 3 ea 50 Hz 2 ea 1 ea 230 Vac 4 ea 3 ea Target Drive Current (ILED = Iin) Rout 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 500 nF 520 nF 550 nF 590 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 800 nF 890 nF 1020 nF 1280 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 1180 nF 1430 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 380 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 40 mA,rms 1 ea A B C D N/A N/A 390 nF 390 nF 400 nF 590 nF 600 nF 620 nF 640 nF 100 Ω 800 nF 840 nF 880 nF 940 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 330 nF 330 nF 330 nF 330 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 500 nF 500 nF 500 nF 500 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 680 nF 680 nF 680 nF 690 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 290 nF 290 nF 290 nF 290 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 440 nF 440 nF 440 nF 440 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 590 nF 590 nF 590 nF 590 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 420 nF 430 nF 460 nF 490 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 670 nF 740 nF 850 nF 1060 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 980 nF 1190 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 320 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 40 mA,rms N/A N/A 320 nF 330 nF 330 nF 490 nF 500 nF 520 nF 540 nF 100 Ω 670 nF 700 nF 730 nF 780 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 270 nF 270 nF 270 nF 270 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 420 nF 420 nF 420 nF 420 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 560 nF 560 nF 560 nF 570 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 240 nF 240 nF 240 nF 240 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 370 nF 370 nF 370 nF 370 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 490 nF 490 nF 490 nF 490 nF 60 Hz 2 ea Cin for VF bins Table 6. Resistor and capacitor values in Figure 10 (230Vac) Rev. 00 September 2011 10 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Input Voltage Frequency LED# 4 ea 3 ea 50 Hz 2 ea 1 ea 240 Vac 4 ea 3 ea Target Drive Current (ILED = Iin) Rout 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 450 nF 470 nF 490 nF 510 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 720 nF 770 nF 860 nF 990 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 1030 nF 1180 nF 1500 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 360 nF 360 nF 370 nF 370 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 550 nF 560 nF 570 nF 590 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 750 nF 770 nF 810 nF 850 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 310 nF 310 nF 310 nF 310 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 470 nF 470 nF 470 nF 480 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 640 nF 640 nF 640 nF 650 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 280 nF 280 nF 280 nF 280 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 420 nF 420 nF 420 nF 420 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 560 nF 560 nF 560 nF 560 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 380 nF 390 nF 410 nF 430 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 600 nF 640 nF 710 nF 820 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 860 nF 990 nF 1250 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 300 nF 300 nF 300 nF 310 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 460 nF 470 nF 480 nF 490 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 620 nF 640 nF 670 nF 710 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 260 nF 260 nF 260 nF 260 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 390 nF 390 nF 390 nF 400 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 530 nF 530 nF 530 nF 540 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 230 nF 230 nF 230 nF 230 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 350 nF 350 nF 350 nF 350 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 470 nF 470 nF 470 nF 470 nF 60 Hz 2 ea 1 ea Cin for VF bins A B C D N/A N/A Table 7. Resistor and capacitor values in Figure 10 (240Vac) Rev. 00 September 2011 11 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Input Voltage Frequency LED# 2 ea Target Drive Current (ILED = Iin) Rout 20 mA,rms A B C D 100 Ω 1600 nF 1850 nF 2340 nF N/A 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 780 nF 790 nF 800 nF 800 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 1200 nF 1210 nF 1230 nF 1250 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 1630 nF 1660 nF 1700 nF 1740 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 1340 nF 1550 nF 1950 nF N/A 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 650 nF 660 nF 660 nF 670 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 1000 nF 1010 nF 1020 nF 1040 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 1350 nF 1380 nF 1410 nF 1450 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 1150 nF 1230 nF 1330 nF 1490 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 1950 nF 2290 nF 3100 nF N/A 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 690 nF 690 nF 700 nF 700 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 1050 nF 1060 nF 1070 nF 1080 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 1420 nF 1440 nF 1470 nF 1500 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 960 nF 1020 nF 1110 nF 1250 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 1620 nF 1910 nF 2550 nF N/A 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 580 nF 580 nF 580 nF 590 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 870 nF 880 nF 890 nF 900 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 1180 nF 1200 nF 1220 nF 1250 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 920 nF 950 nF 1000 nF 1060 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 1480 nF 1620 nF 1810 nF 2150 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 2170 nF 2570 nF 3500 nF N/A 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 620 nF 620 nF 620 nF 630 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 940 nF 940 nF 950 nF 960 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 1260 nF 1280 nF 1300 nF 1320 nF 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 760 nF 800 nF 930 nF 880 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 1240 nF 1350 nF 1510 nF 1800 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 1810 nF 2140 nF 2900 nF N/A 20 mA,rms 100 Ω 510 nF 520 nF 520 nF 520 nF 30 mA,rms 100 Ω 780 nF 790 nF 790 nF 800 nF 40 mA,rms 100 Ω 1050 nF 1070 nF 1080 nF 1100 nF 50 Hz 1 ea Cin for VF bins 100Vac 2 ea 60 Hz 1 ea 2 ea 50 Hz 1 ea 110 Vac 2 ea 60 Hz 1 ea 2 ea 50 Hz 1 ea 120 Vac 2 ea 60 Hz 1 ea Table 8. Resistor and capacitor values in Figure 10 (100~120 Vac) Rev. 00 September 2011 12 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet We can also see based on Figure 10, the peak currents and waveforms are different based on number of LEDs in the circuit. The more LEDs in the circuit the higher the peak current in identical currents(i.e. 20mA rms). This translates into lower luminous output because of droop, but we will see higher power factors with more LEDs. Flicker can be more prominent with a higher number of LEDs as you can see there is more off time with more LEDs. Configuration #2 LED#-4ea LED#-3ea LED#-2ea LED#-1ea 50 45 Current [mA,rms] 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 Time [ms] Figure 11. LED current shape for 1-4 LEDs. Input Voltage is 230Vac@50Hz and target LED current is 20mA,rms. Figure 12 shows LED current vs input voltage variation on A4 with 1-4 emitters. When quantities of LEDs decrease, the current variation is less. 30 26 Current [mA,rms] 24 140 130 120 22 110 20 100 18 90 16 80 14 70 12 60 10 184 207 230 253 Nomalized Current [%] 28 150 Configuration #2 LED#-4ea LED#-3ea LED#-2ea LED#-1ea 50 276 Input Voltage [Vac] at 50Hz Figure 12. LED current variation at input voltage range (230Vac ± 20%) in Figure10. Rev. 00 September 2011 13 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Optional circuit configuration#3: This adds an input capacitor and output capacitor to the standard circuit. This configuration has no flicker and the current shape through the A4 package is similar to DC current, as seen in Figure 8. This means we get a combination of configurations #1 & 2, higher efficiency and no flicker issues. Cin Rout Vin Acriche A4 BD Cout Figure 13. Optional compact drive circuit configuration#3 Input Voltage Frequency LED# Target Drive Current (ILED, not Iin) Cout Cin for VF bins 20 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 1160 nF 1250 nF 1350 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 2060 nF 2350 nF 2760 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 700 nF 730 nF 760 nF 780 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 1140 nF 1200 nF 1270 nF 1350 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 1630 nF 1760 nF 1920 nF 2100 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 510 nF 510 nF 520 nF 530 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 780 nF 800 nF 820 nF 840 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 1080 nF 1120 nF 1160 nF 1200 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 390 nF 400 nF 400 nF 400 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 600 nF 600 nF 610 nF 610 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 800 nF 820 nF 830 nF 840 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 960 nF 1040 nF 1120 nF 1220 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 1710 nF 1960 nF 2280 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 590 nF 610 nF 630 nF 650 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 950 nF 1000 nF 1060 nF 1120 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 1360 nF 1470 nF 1600 nF 1750 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 420 nF 430 nF 430 nF 440 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 650 nF 670 nF 690 nF 700 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 900 nF 930 nF 960 nF 1000 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 330 nF 330 nF 330 nF 330 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 500 nF 500 nF 510 nF 510 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 670 nF 680 nF 690 nF 700 nF A 4 ea 3 ea 50 Hz 2 ea 1 ea 220 Vac 4 ea 3 ea 60 Hz 2 ea 1 ea Rout B C D 1470 nF N/A N/A Table 9. Resistor and capacitor values in Figure 12 (220Vac) Rev. 00 September 2011 14 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Input Voltage Frequency LED# Target Drive Current (ILED, not Iin) Cout Cin for VF bins 20 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 990 nF 1060 nF 1130 nF 1210 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 1720 nF 1930 nF 2180 nF 2520 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 640 nF 660 nF 680 nF 710 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 1030 nF 1080 nF 1130 nF 1190 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 1460 nF 1570 nF 1690 nF 1830 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 470 nF 480 nF 490 nF 490 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 730 nF 750 nF 760 nF 780 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 1000 nF 1040 nF 1070 nF 1100 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 370 nF 370 nF 380 nF 380 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 560 nF 570 nF 570 nF 580 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 760 nF 770 nF 780 nF 790 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 830 nF 880 nF 940 nF 1010 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 1430 nF 1600 nF 1810 nF 2100 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 530 nF 550 nF 570 nF 590 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 850 nF 900 nF 940 nF 990 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 1220 nF 1300 nF 1400 nF 1520 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 390 nF 400 nF 400 nF 410 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 610 nF 620 nF 630 nF 650 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 840 nF 860 nF 890 nF 920 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 310 nF 310 nF 310 nF 310 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 470 nF 480 nF 480 nF 480 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 630 nF 640 nF 650 nF 660 nF Rout A B C D 4 ea 3 ea 50 Hz 2 ea 1 ea 230 Vac 4 ea 3 ea 60 Hz 2 ea 1 ea Table 10. Resistor and capacitor values in Figure 12 (230Vac) Rev. 00 September 2011 15 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Input Voltage Frequency LED# Target Drive Current (ILED, not Iin) Cout Cin for VF bins 20 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 870 nF 920 nF 970 nF 1030 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 1480 nF 1630 nF 1810 nF 2030 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 590 nF 600 nF 620 nF 640 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 940 nF 980 nF 1020 nF 1070 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 1330 nF 1410 nF 1500 nF 1620 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 440 nF 450 nF 450 nF 460 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 680 nF 700 nF 710 nF 720 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 940 nF 960 nF 990 nF 1020 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 350 nF 350 nF 360 nF 360 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 530 nF 540 nF 550 nF 550 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 720 nF 730 nF 740 nF 750 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 730 nF 770 nF 810 nF 860 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 1230 nF 1350 nF 1500 nF 1680 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 390 Ω 1880 nF 2170 nF 2600 nF 3200 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 490 nF 500 nF 520 nF 540 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 780 nF 810 nF 850 nF 890 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 300 Ω 1100 nF 1170 nF 1250 nF 1350 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 370 nF 370 nF 380 nF 380 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 570 nF 580 nF 590 nF 600 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 200 Ω 780 nF 800 nF 830 nF 850 nF 20 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 300 nF 300 nF 300 nF 300 nF 30 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 450 nF 450 nF 460 nF 460 nF 40 mA,rms 47 uF 100 Ω 600 nF 610 nF 620 nF 620 nF Rout A B C D 4 ea 3 ea 50 Hz 2 ea 1 ea 240 Vac 4 ea 3 ea 60 Hz 2 ea 1 ea Table 11. Resistor and capacitor values in Figure 12 (240Vac) Rev. 00 September 2011 16 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet Input Voltage Frequency 50 Hz LED# 1 ea Target Drive Current (ILED, not Iin) Cout Cin for VF bins 20 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1180 nF 1210 nF 1230 nF 1250 nF 30 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1850 nF 1910 nF 1960 nF 2020 nF 40 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 2570 nF 2680 nF 2790 nF 2910 nF 20 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 990 nF 1010 nF 1030 nF 1050 nF 30 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1530 nF 1590 nF 1640 nF 1690 nF 40 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 2140 nF 2230 nF 2320 nF 2420 nF 20 mA,rms 100 uF 200 Ω 2360 nF 2550 nF 2770 nF 3000 nF 20 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1010 nF 1030 nF 1050 nF 1070 nF 30 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1580 nF 1620 nF 1660 nF 1700 nF 40 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 2170 nF 2250 nF 2330 nF 2410 nF 20 mA,rms 100 uF 200 Ω 1970 nF 2120 nF 2300 nF 2500 nF 20 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 850 nF 860 nF 870 nF 890 nF 30 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1310 nF 1350 nF 1380 nF 1410 nF 40 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1810 nF 1870 nF 1940 nF 2010 nF 20 mA,rms 100 uF 200 Ω 1780 nF 1890 nF 2010 nF 2100 nF 20 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 890 nF 900 nF 910 nF 920 nF 30 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1370 nF 1400 nF 1430 nF 1460 nF 40 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1880 nF 1940 nF 2000 nF 2060 nF 20 mA,rms 100 uF 200 Ω 1480 nF 1570 nF 1640 nF 1750 nF 20 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 740 nF 750 nF 760 nF 770 nF 30 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1140 nF 1170 nF 1190 nF 1220 nF 40 mA,rms 100 uF 100 Ω 1570 nF 1610 nF 1660 nF 1710 nF Rout A B C D 100 Vac 60 Hz 1 ea 2 ea 50 Hz 1 ea 110 Vac 2 ea 60 Hz 1 ea 2 ea 50 Hz 1 ea 120 Vac 2 ea 60 Hz 1 ea Table 12. Resistor and capacitor values in Figure 12 (100~120Vac) Rev. 00 September 2011 17 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet 2.4 Circuit configuration performance The ACRICHE A4 emitter can be operated in diverse configurations. Configuration #1 has no flicker, but has lower power factor and lower efficiency. On the contrary using Configuration #2, there are characteristics of high efficiency, higher power factor. Lastly, configuration #3 has the merit from configuration#1 & 2. It has high efficiency, no flicker, but power factor is a little low. Table 13 shows detail circuit charateristic of four configurations that are operated in 230Vac/50Hz. Standard AC Drive Optional Configuration #1 Optional Configuration #2 Optional Configuration #3 4 ea 4 ea 4 ea 4 ea C C C C 230 Vac 230 Vac 230 Vac 230 Vac 50 Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz 2040 Ω 4750 Ω 100 Ω 390 Ω Cin N/A N/A 550 nF 1130 nF Cout N/A 47 uF N/A 47 uF LED current 20 mA,rms 20 mA,rms 20 mA,rms 20 mA,rms Input current 20 mA,rms 100 mA,rms 20 mA,rms 40 mA,rms Pin 4.16 W 6.52 W 3.23 W 4.71 W Pled 3.33 W 4.54 W 3.17 W 4.53 W Effciency(Pled/Pin) 80.15% 69.56% 98.19% 96.23% Noticeable flicker 100Hz no 100Hz no 0.90 0.28 0.70 0.51 LED # LED VF rank Vin Frequency Rout PF Table 13. Circuit characteristic of four configurations with input 230Vac/50Hz Rout Vin Rout Acriche A4 Vin BD Optional Standard Cout Configuration #1 AC Drive Cin Cin Rout Vin Acriche A4 BD Acriche A4 Rout Vin BD Acriche A4 BD Optional Optional Cout Configuration #3 Configuration #2 Figure 14. Four circuit configurations Rev. 00 September 2011 18 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet 2.5 Relative light output between AC and DC The ACRICHE A4 emitter is binned at rectified AC 20mA,rms, not at constant current 20mA. Figure 15 shows relative luminous flux vs current of an AC circuit and a DC circuit. Relative flux results are normalized luminous flux at AC 20mA,rms. The AC drive current can simply be changed by modifying the resistor value in the circuit. Optional circuit configurations 1 and 3 are similar to driving at a constant current, therefore they will have similar luminous flux characteristics. 3.0 2.8 Constant Current DC Driving Standard AC driving 2.6 Relatve Luminous Flux 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Current [mA,rms] Figure 15. Relative luminous flux between AC and DC driving. Rev. 00 September 2011 19 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet 2.6 Vf bin combination If we can combine multiple Vf bins, we can allow for more part acceptability in the system application, thereby allowing a wider availability of parts. The ACRICHE A4 emitter can be operated by mixing VF bins. The left picture of Figure 16 is an example of a series combination of 2 VF bin Cs in a 100/110/120V application. The right picture of Figure 15 would result in the same current draw as the left using the same resistor, but this time we are combining 2 Vf B bins and 2 Vf D bins. Same effect Rout VF:C VF:C Vin BD = Rout VF:B VF:D Vin BD Figure 16. Same effect of Vf bin combination The same idea can be applied for 2 Vf bin Bs in series. These can be replaced with 1 Vf bin A and 1 Vf bin C. If we take a look at the resistor settings, for example a 120Vac application on page 6(Fig 17), we can see how the math works. The easy calculation is to take the resistor setting for Vf bin A and the resistor setting for Vf bin C, add them together and divide by 2. If we look at the 2W configuration: (1510ohms + 1210ohms) / 2 = 1360ohms, which is the same resistor value as Vf bin B. We can further expand this to other combinations of Vf if we modify Rout for setting the current. This technique can be easily modified for 220/230/240Vac applications. We just add the four resistor values together and divide by 4 since we have 4 LEDs in series. Input Voltage 120 Vac VF bins Power dissipation Target Drive Current A B C D 2W 20 mA,rms 1510 Ω 1360 Ω 1210 Ω 1060 Ω 3W 25 mA,rms 1125 Ω 975 Ω 825 Ω 675 Ω 4W 30 mA,rms 870 Ω 720 Ω 570 Ω 420 Ω Figure 17. 120Vac resistor settings pulled from page 6 Rev. 00 September 2011 20 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet 2.7 Color bin selection Color coordinates of the part AN4240-03 can change over temperature. Color shift can be inimized with a good thermal system design. If color stability is important in a system, it is recommended to design the system based on the specific application temperature. An example of color shift over temperature is shown below in Figure 18. We can see as the board temperature gets hotter we have a color shift to the left. Each application is specific and should be verified in application. Tb=100℃ 0.44 CIE y 0.42 0.40 0.38 Tb=50℃ Tb=75℃ 2900K2700K 3000K 3200K H8 H9 G9 3500K G8 H0 H1 3700K F9 G1 G0 F8 H2 H3 F1 G3 G2 F0 H4 H5 F3 G5 G4 F2 H7 H6 F5 F4 G6 G7 F7 F6 2600K Tb=25℃ 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 CIE x Figure 18. Color coordinate depends on board temperature for AN4240-03 Rev. 00 September 2011 21 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 Z-Power LED X10490 Technical Data Sheet 3. Protection 3.1 Description AC-LEDs are susceptible to line transients just as DC LEDs which can overheat the components, either causing immediate failure or greatly shortening the useful life of the LEDs. Circuit-protection should be utilized to protect against over-voltage, over-current and over temperature conditions. 3.2 Lightning surges, Voltage spikes or Ring Wave Protection A metal oxide varistor (MOV) is often used to help protect lighting systems from lightning surges and ring-wave effects, and helps manufacturers meet safety and performance standards. The MOV clamps short-duration voltage impulses. Lightning tests according to IEC 61000-4-5 and ring-wave tests according to IEEE C.62.41 can be used to simulate these real-life threats in the lab. 3.3 Over-current and Over-temperature Protection In both AC-LEDs and DC-LEDs alike, excessive heat at the LED junction can dramatically reduce both the light output and lifespan of the LED. TE Circuit Protection’s PolySwitch polymeric positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) devices help provide over-current and over-temperature protection and can be easily integrated onto a circuit board with the AC-LED. The PPTC acts like a fuse to limit current in a series circuit that drives the LED, yet can automatically reset itself when the fault clears. An example circuit of a MOV and PPTC is shown in figure 19 below. Figure 19. Example protection circuit Rev. 00 September 2011 22 www.acriche.com 서식번호 : SSC-QP-7-07-25 (Rev.00)