® In-System Programmability in MAX Devices September 2005, ver. 1.5 Application Note 95 Introduction MAX® devices are programmable logic devices (PLDs), based on the Altera® Multiple Array MatriX (MAX) architecture that and supports the IEEE Std. 1149.1 Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) interface. MAX devices are also in-system programmable, which adds programming flexibility and provides benefits in many phases of product development, manufacturing, and field use. This application note provides background information on in-system programmability (ISP) and the IEEE Std. 1149.1 JTAG interface and discusses the advantages of using ISP-capable MAX devices. Features & Benefits In-system design, prototyping, and manufacturing, reduces cost, shortens development time, and provides a wider range of programming options than standard device programming methods. With ISP, you can: ■ ■ ■ ■ Altera Corporation A-AN-095-1.5 Program and reprogram devices after they are soldered onto the printed circuit board (PCB), minimizing the possibility of lead damage or electrostatic discharge (ESD) exposure. Manufacture systems before you finalize device configuration. Perform boundary-scan test (BST) procedures and program devices using in-circuit testers. Upgrade systems in the field after they have been shipped. 1 AN 95: In-System Programmability in MAX Devices Table 1 describes the features and benefits of using ISP-capable MAX devices. Table 1. ISP-Capable MAX Device Features & Benefits Product Development Phase Device prototyping Features Benefits Devices are programmed with a VCC-level Eliminates the need for a 12.0-V programming voltage. programming voltage and the possibility of accidental damage to lower voltage parts. Also reduces system power requirements. Devices can be programmed while soldered to a PCB. Minimizes device handling, thereby protecting devices from ESD and lead damage. Prototype systems can be assembled before the device configuration is finalized. Cuts prototype development time and saves development costs. System manufacturing PLDs can be treated the same way as other board-level devices because they can be programmed after the PCB is assembled. Simplifies manufacturing, saves time, and protects devices from ESD and lead damage. ISP is implemented using the IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) interface; therefore, circuit testing and device programming can be combined into a single manufacturing step using a standard in-circuit tester. Programming data can be downloaded from in-circuit testers, PCs, or workstations during final PCB test. Devices can be programmed with test configurations. In-field programming VCC-Level Programming Enhances design debugging and boardlevel testing capabilities. Devices can be reprogrammed in the field. Adds versatility and reduces service costs, thereby making products more attractive to the consumer. ISP-capable MAX devices support ISP through a VCC-level programming voltage. The devices generate a 12.0-V programming voltage internally to program, verify, and erase the device’s EEPROM cells, eliminating the need for the external 12.0-V programming voltage typically required for programming. ISP-capable MAX devices are guaranteed for 100 erase and programming cycles with 100% programming and functional yields. 2 Altera Corporation AN 95: In-System Programmability in MAX Devices Programming Systems In Altera devices, ISP is implemented using the IEEE Std.1149.1 JTAG interface, which streamlines PCB testing and device programming operations into a single manufacturing step. ISP-capable MAX devices are supported by the following systems: ■ ■ ■ MAX+PLUS II development system In-circuit testers Embedded processors MAX+PLUS II Development System You can use a PC or UNIX workstation, the MAX+PLUS II Programmer, and the BitBlaster™ serial or ByteBlasterMV™ parallel port download cable to download Programmer Object Files (.pof), Jam Files (.jam), or Jam™ Byte-Code Files (.jbc)from the MAX+PLUS II software to ISPcapable MAX devices mounted on a PCB. This method is more costeffective than other programming methods because design, simulation, and prototyping can be performed using the same PC- or UNIX workstation-based system. For production, you can implement ISP using Altera’s free stand-alone programming software and the BitBlasterMV cable to download POFs. 1 PC-based stand-alone programming software, asap2.exe, is available from Altera’s FTP site at ftp.altera.com in the \pub\misc directory. Figure 1 shows the 10-pin female plug dimensions for the BitBlaster or ByteBlasterMV download cable. Altera Corporation 3 AN 95: In-System Programmability in MAX Devices Figure 1. 10-Pin Female Plug Dimensions Dimensions are shown in inches. The spacing between pin centers is 0.1 inch. 0.425 Typ. Color Strip 1 3 5 7 9 2 4 6 8 10 0.250 Typ. 0.100 Sq. 0.025 Sq. 0.700 Typ. Table 2 identifies the 10-pin female plug’s pin names for the corresponding download mode. Table 2. Female Plug’s Pin Names & Download Modes Pin JTAG Mode Signal Name Signal Name Description 1 TCK Clock signal 2 GND Signal ground 3 TDO Data from device 4 VCC Power supply 5 TMS JTAG state machine control 6 – No connect – 7 – No connect nSTATUS 8 – No connect – 9 TDI Data to device DATA0 Data to device 10 GND Signal ground GND Signal ground 1 4 Description PS Mode DCLK Clock signal GND Signal ground CONFIG_DONE Configuration control VCC Power supply nCONFIG Configuration control No connect Configuration status No connect The circuit board must supply VCC and ground to the ByteBlasterMV cable. Altera Corporation AN 95: In-System Programmability in MAX Devices ISP-capable devices are programmed via a device’s JTAG pins: TCK, TMS, TDI, and TDO. Figure 2 shows how the BitBlaster or ByteBlasterMV download cable interfaces with an ISP-capable device. The I/O pins are tri-stated during in-system programming. Figure 2. ISP-Capable MAX Device Programming with the BitBlaster or ByteBlasterMV Download Cable VCC VCC 1 kΩ 1 kΩ VCC Target Altera Device 1 kΩ TCK TDO 1 kΩ GND 10-Pin Male Header (Top View) Pin 1 VCC TMS TDI GND GND f Search for “Programming a Single Device with the BitBlaster or ByteBlasterMV” in MAX+PLUS II Help, or go to the BitBlaster Serial Download Cable Data Sheet and ByteBlasterMV Parallel Port Download Cable Data Sheet in this handbook for more information. In-Circuit Test Programming You can program ISP-capable MAX devices during the final PCB testing stage using in-circuit testers and the IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) interface. To program a device using in-circuit testers, create a Jam or SVF File with the MAX+PLUS II software and download this file from an in-circuit test station to one or more ISP-capable MAX devices. Embedded Processor Programming You can program ISP-capable MAX devices in-system using an embedded processor. For example, programming information can be stored in an EPROM and shifted into the ISP-capable MAX device using a 4-bit interface from the processor to the device’s JTAG pins. This method lets you program devices during burn-in and upgrade devices in the field. Altera Corporation 5 AN 95: In-System Programmability in MAX Devices You can program MAX devices with an embedded processor by creating a Jam File from the MAX+PLUS II software and downloading it with the Jam Player. f IEEE Std. 1149.1 Interface Refer to AN 122: Using Jam STAPL for ISP & ICR via an Embedded Processor for more information on embedded processor programming. MAX device JTAG pins and functions are described in Table 3. Table 3. JTAG Pins Pin Description Function TDI Test data input Serial input pin for data and instructions, which are shifted in on the rising edge of TCK. This signal needs to be externally pulled high during normal operation. TDO Test data output Serial data output pin for instructions and data. Data is shifted out on the falling edge of TCK. This signal is tri-stated if data is not being shifted out of the device. TMS Test mode select Input pin controls the IEEE Std. 1149.1 JTAG state machine and is evaluated on the rising edge of TCK. This signal needs to be externally pulled high during normal operation. TCK Test clock Provides the clock signal for the JTAG circuits. The maximum operating frequency is 10 MHz. This signal needs to be externally pulled low during normal operation. During erasure, programming, and verification, all device I/O pins are tri-stated to eliminate interference from other devices on the PCB. Devices are programmed by applying the appropriate signals on the TMS and TCK inputs and shifting data into and out of the devices on the TDI and TDO pins, respectively. After programming, the IEEE Std. 1149.1 JTAG Test Access Port (TAP) controller state machine must be advanced to the RESET state, which is maintained by external pull-up resistors on the TCK, TMS, and TDI pins. During normal operation, the pull-up resistors prevent the device from entering other modes. Figure 3 shows the timing waveforms for the IEEE Std. 1149.1 JTAG TAP controller state machine. 6 Altera Corporation AN 95: In-System Programmability in MAX Devices Figure 3. JTAG Waveforms for MAX Devices TMS TDI tJCP tJCH tJCL tJPSU tJPH TCK tJPZX tJPXZ tJPCO TDO tJSH tJSSU Signal to Be Captured tJSCO tJSZX tJSXZ Signal to Be Driven Table 4 shows the JTAG timing parameters and values for ISP-capable MAX devices. Table 4. JTAG Timing Parameters & Values for MAX Devices Symbol f Altera Corporation Parameter Min Max Unit 100 ns TCK clock high time 50 ns tJCL TCK clock low time 50 ns tJPSU JTAG port setup time 20 ns tJPH JTAG port hold time 45 tJPCO JTAG port clock to output 25 ns tJPZX JTAG port high impedance to valid output 25 ns tJPXZ JTAG port valid output to high impedance 25 ns tJSSU Capture register setup time 20 tJSH Capture register hold time 45 tJSCO Update register clock to output 25 ns tJSZX Update register high impedance to valid output 25 ns tJSXZ Update register valid output to high impedance 25 ns tJCP TCK clock period tJCH ns ns ns Go to AN 39: IEEE Std.1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary-Scan Testing in Altera Devices for information on the IEEE Std.1149.1 JTAG TAP controller state machine. 7 AN 95: In-System Programmability in MAX Devices Programming ISP-Capable MAX Devices You can use an IEEE Std.1149.1 JTAG-compatible header to program a single device or a chain of devices, depending on the layout of your PCB. Single-Device Programming For PCBs that contain a single ISP-capable MAX device, a JTAG-compatible header—such as the 10-pin BitBlaster or ByteBlasterMV header—can be used to program the device. See Figure 4. 8 Altera Corporation AN 95: In-System Programmability in MAX Devices Figure 4. Single-Device Programming VCC 1 kΩ VCC 1 kΩ ISP Target Device TDI TDI VCC IEEE Std. 1149.1 JTAG Interface TMS TDO TCK 1 kΩ TMS TCK TDO 1 kΩ JTAG-Chain Device Programming When programming a chain of devices, one JTAG-compatible plug, such as a BitBlaster or ByteBlasterMV 10-pin male plug, is connected to several devices. The number of devices in the JTAG chain is limited only by the drive capability of the BitBlaster or ByteBlasterMV download cable. However, when three or more devices are connected in a JTAG chain, Altera recommends buffering the TDO,TCK, TDI, and TMS pins. JTAG-chain device programming is ideal when the circuit board contains multiple devices, or when the circuit board is tested using JTAG BST. See Figure 5. Altera Corporation 9 AN 95: In-System Programmability in MAX Devices Figure 5. JTAG-Chain Device Programming with a BitBlaster or ByteBlasterMV Cable VCC ByteBlaster 10-Pin Male Header VCC 1 kΩ 1 kΩ VCC 1 kΩ Other IEEE Std. 1149.1 JTAGCompliant Device TDI TMS TDO TCK Target Altera Device TDI TMS TDO TCK Other IEEE Std. 1149.1 JTAGCompliant Device TDI TMS TDO TCK 1 kΩ To program a single ISP-capable MAX device in a JTAG chain, the programming software puts all other devices in the JTAG chain in BYPASS mode. When in BYPASS mode, devices pass programming data from the TDI pin to the TDO pin through a single bypass register. Bypassed devices are not affected internally, thereby enabling the programming software to erase, program, or verify the target device. f Conclusion 10 Go toAN 39: IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary-Scan Testing in Altera Devices for more information on the BYPASS mode. ISP-capable MAX devices offer benefits in product design, prototyping, and manufacturing. ISP simplifies the manufacturing flow by allowing the devices to be mounted on a PCB with standard pick-and-place equipment before they are programmed. ISP-capable MAX devices can be programmed by downloading the information via in-circuit testers, embedded processors, or the BitBlaster or ByteBlasterMV download cables. In addition, programming these devices after they are placed on the board eliminates lead damage on high pin-count packages, e.g., quad flat pack (QFP) packages, due to device handling. These devices can also be reprogrammed in the field (i.e., product upgrades can be performed in the field via software or modem). Altera Corporation AN 95: In-System Programmability in MAX Devices 101 Innovation Drive San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 544-7000 www.altera.com Applications Hotline: (800) 800-EPLD Literature Services: [email protected] 11 Copyright © 2005 Altera Corporation. All rights reserved. Altera, The Programmable Solutions Company, the stylized Altera logo, specific device designations, and all other words and logos that are identified as trademarks and/or service marks are, unless noted otherwise, the trademarks and service marks of Altera Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. All other product or service names are the property of their respective holders. Altera products are protected under numerous U.S. and foreign patents and pending applications, maskwork rights, and copyrights. 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