Cree® XLamp® XB-D LED MR16 Reference Design Table of Contents Introduction Introduction..................................................................................... 1 The compact MR16 form factor, with limited space for drive Design approach/objectives.......................................................... 2 The 6-step methodology................................................................. 2 1. Define lighting requirements................................................. 2 2. Define design goals............................................................... 4 3. Estimate efficiencies of the optical, thermal & electrical electronics and thermal dissipation, presents a difficult design challenge. The small footprint and industry-leading light output of the XB-D LED make it particularly well-suited for use as the light source in an MR16 lamp. systems.................................................................................. 4 Building on Cree’s reference designs of MR16 replacement 4. Calculate the number of LEDs.............................................. 7 lamps using XLamp® MT-G, XM-L EasyWhite® and XP-E LEDs, 5. Consider all design possibilities........................................... 7 this design demonstrates the possibility of employing the 6. Complete the final steps: implementation and analysis..... 7 XLamp XB-D LED as the light source of a 20-watt equivalent Conclusion..................................................................................... 10 CLD-AP95 rev 0C Application Note MR16 replacement lamp for use as an indoor spotlight.1 www.cree.com/Xlamp Bill of materials............................................................................. 10 1 Cree XLamp MT-G MR16 Reference Design Cree XLamp XM-L EZW MR16 Reference Design Cree XLamp XP-E MR16 Reference Design Reliance on any of the information provided in this Application Note is at the user’s sole risk. Cree and its affiliates make no warranties or representations about, nor assume any liability with respect to, the information in this document or any LED-based lamp or luminaire made in accordance with this reference design, including without limitation that the lamps or luminaires will not infringe the intellectual property rights of Cree or a third party. Luminaire manufacturers who base product designs in whole or part on any Cree Application Note or Reference Design are solely responsible for the compliance of their products with all applicable laws and industry requirements. Copyright © 2012-2016 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®,, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks and the Cree logo is a trademark of Cree, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other trademarks, product, and company names are the property of their respective owners and do not imply specific product and/ or vendor endorsement, sponsorship or association. For product specifications, please see the data sheets available at www.cree.com. For warranty information, please contact Cree Sales at [email protected]. Cree, Inc. 4600 Silicon Drive Durham, NC 27703 USA Tel: +1.919.313.5300 1 XLamp ® XB-D LED MR16 Reference Design Design approach/objectives In the “LED Luminaire Design Guide” Cree advocates a six step framework for creating LED luminaires and lamps. All Cree reference designs use this framework, and the design guide’s summary table is reproduced below. Table 1: Cree 6-step framework Step Explanation 1. Define lighting requirements • The design goals can be based either on an existing fixture or on the application’s lighting requirements. 2. Define design goals • • Specify design goals, which will be based on the application’s lighting requirements. Specify any other goals that will influence the design, such as special optical or environmental requirements. 3. Estimate efficiencies of the optical, thermal & electrical systems • • • Design goals will place constraints on the optical, thermal and electrical systems. Good estimations of efficiencies of each system can be made based on these constraints. The combination of lighting goals and system efficiencies will drive the number of LEDs needed in the luminaire. 4. Calculate the number of LEDs needed • Based on the design goals and estimated losses, the designer can calculate the number of LEDs to meet the design goals. 5. Consider all design possibilities and choose the best • • With any design, there are many ways to achieve the goals. LED lighting is a new field; assumptions that work for conventional lighting sources may not apply. 6. Complete final steps • • • • • Complete circuit board layout. Test design choices by building a prototype luminaire. Make sure the design achieves all the design goals. Use the prototype to further refine the luminaire design. Record observations and ideas for improvement. The 6-step methodology The goal of this design is an LED-based 20-watt equivalent retrofit MR16 lamp that shows the performance available from the XLamp XB-D LED. 1. Define lighting requirements Table 2 shows a ranked list of desirable characteristics to address in an MR16 lamp reference design. Table 2: Ranked design criteria for an MR16 lamp Importance Critical Characteristics Units Light intensity - center beam candle power (CBCP) candelas (cd) Beam angle - full width half maximum (FWHM) degrees (°) Illuminance distribution footcandles (fc)/lux (lx) Power watts (W) Luminous flux lumens (lm) Efficacy lumens per watt (lm/W) Form factor Important Price $ Lifetime hours Operating temperature °C Correlated color temperature (CCT) K Color rendering index (CRI) 100-point scale Manufacturability Copyright © 2012-2016 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®,, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks and the Cree logo is a trademark of Cree, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other trademarks, product, and company names are the property of their respective owners and do not imply specific product and/or vendor endorsement, sponsorship or association. For product specifications, please see the data sheets available at www.cree.com. For warranty information, please contact Cree Sales at [email protected]. 2 XLamp ® XB-D LED MR16 Reference Design Table 3 summarizes the ENERGY STAR® requirements for all integral LED lamps.2 Table 3: ENERGY STAR requirements for all lamps Characteristic Requirements Lamp must have one of the following designated CCTs (per ANSI C78.377-2008) consistent with the 7-step chromaticity quadrangles and Duv tolerances below. CCT and Duv Color maintenance Nominal CCT Target CCT (K) and Tolerance 2700 K 3000 K 3500 K 4000 K 2725 ± 145 3045 ± 175 3465 ± 245 3985 ± 275 Target Duv and Tolerance 0.000 ± 0.000 ± 0.000 ± 0.001 ± 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 The change of chromaticity over the minimum lumen maintenance test period (6,000 hours) shall be within 0.007 on the CIE 1976 (u’, v’) diagram. CRI Minimum CRI (Ra) of 80. R9 value must be greater than 0. Allowable lamp bases Must be a lamp base listed by ANSI. Power factor Lamp power < 5 W and low voltage lamps: no minimum power factor is required Lamp power > 5 W: power factor must be > 0.70 Note: Power factor must be measured at rated voltage. Minimum operating temperature -20 °C or below LED operating frequency ≥ 120 Hz Note: This performance characteristic addresses problems with visible flicker due to low frequency operation and applies to steadystate as well as dimmed operation. Dimming operation shall meet the requirement at all light output levels. Electromagnetic and radio frequency interference Must meet appropriate FCC requirements for consumer use (FCC 47 CFR Part 15) Audible noise Class A sound rating Transient protection Power supply shall comply with IEEE C62.41-1991, Class A operation. The line transient shall consist of seven strikes of a 100 kHz ring wave, 2.5 kV level, for both common mode and differential mode. Operating voltage Lamp shall operate at rated nominal voltage of 120, 240 or 277 VAC, or at 12 or 24 VAC or VDC. Table 4 summarizes the ENERGY STAR requirements for replacement MR16 lamps.3 Table 4: ENERGY STAR requirements for MR16 lamps Criteria Item Requirements Definition Directional lamp means a lamp having at least 80% light output within a solid angle of ∏ sr (corresponding to a cone with angle of 120°) Minimum luminous efficacy Lamp diameter < 20/8 inch: 40 lm/W Lamp diameter > 20/8 inch: 45 lm/W Color spatial uniformity The variation of chromaticity within the beam angle shall be within 0.006 from the weighted average point on the CIE 1976 (u’, v’) diagram. Maximum lamp diameter Not to exceed target lamp diameter Maximum overall length (MOL) Not to exceed MOL for target lamp Minimum center beam intensity PAR and MR16 lamps MR16 lamps Link to online tool at www.energystar.gov/ia/products/lighting/iledl/IntLampCenterBeamTool.zip Lumen maintenance > 70% lumen maintenance (L70) at 25,000 hours of operation Rapid-cycle stress test Cycle times must be 2 minutes on, 2 minutes off. Lamp will be cycled once for every 2 hours of L70 life. As shown in Figure 1, we used the ENERGY STAR Center Beam Intensity Benchmark Tool to determine that a 20-W equivalent MR16 lamp with a 25° beam angle needs to provide CBCP of 876 cd. 2 3 ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Integral LED Lamps Eligibility Criteria – Version 1.4, Table 4 Ibid., Table 7C Copyright © 2012-2016 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®,, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks and the Cree logo is a trademark of Cree, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other trademarks, product, and company names are the property of their respective owners and do not imply specific product and/or vendor endorsement, sponsorship or association. For product specifications, please see the data sheets available at www.cree.com. For warranty information, please contact Cree Sales at [email protected]. 3 XLamp ® XB-D LED MR16 Reference Design ENERGY STAR® Integral LED Lamp Center Beam Intensity Benchmark Tool MR-16 Lamps Target Halogen Lamp Parameters Enter Nominal Lamp Wattage: Enter Nominal Beam Angle*: Minimum Center Beam Intensity: watts degrees 20 25 876 cd Coefficient Watts Beam Angle Intercept 8.2926932 20 25 Watts 0.0685006 Beam Angle -0.109284 Term Watts2 -0.000514 Beam Angle2 0.0008734 Root Mean Square Error 0.247998 Log CBCP Predicted Log Two-sigma CBCP Lower Bound 7.271 Predicted CBCP 6.775 1438 CBCP Two-sigma Lower Bound 876 *Nominal beam angle per ANSI C78.379-2006: American National Standard for electric lamps-- Classification of the Beam Patterns of Reflector Lamps. See Section 4.1 Nominal beam angle classifications, and section 4.3 Beam angle tolerance of PAR and R lamps. Figure 1: ENERGY STAR Center Beam Intensity Benchmark Tool output for 20-W equivalent MR16 lamp with 25° beam angle 2. Define design goals The aim of this project is a 20-W equivalent MR16 indoor spotlight with a 25° beam angle using the XLamp XB-D LED. Table 5 shows the design goals for this project. Table 5: Design goals Characteristic Unit Minimum Goal CBCP - 25° beam angle cd 876 880 Light output lm 280 > 280 Power Target Goal W 5 <5 Efficacy lm/W 70 75 Lifetime hours 50,000 50,000 CCT K 3,000 3,000 CRI 100-point scale > 80 3. Estimate efficiencies of the optical, thermal & electrical systems We used Cree’s Product Characterization Tool (PCT) tool to determine the drive current for the design. For the 280-lumen target, we estimated 90% optical efficiency and 85% driver efficiency. We also estimated a solder point temperature of 65 °C. Copyright © 2012-2016 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®,, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks and the Cree logo is a trademark of Cree, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other trademarks, product, and company names are the property of their respective owners and do not imply specific product and/or vendor endorsement, sponsorship or association. For product specifications, please see the data sheets available at www.cree.com. For warranty information, please contact Cree Sales at [email protected]. 4 XLamp ® XB-D LED MR16 Reference Design LED System Comparison Report 1 System: 280 Target Lumens : 90% Optical Efficiency: Current (A) LED 1 Model Flux LED 2 Model Cree XLamp XB-D {AWT} Q3 [93.9] $ Price SYS # LED SYS lm tot Tsp (ºC) 65 (none) Flux Price Tj (ºC) $ 25 - SYS W SYS lm/W 0.100 10 292.6 3.24 90.4 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.150 7 294.2 3.45 85.2 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.200 6 325 4 81.3 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.250 5 328.5 4.22 77.9 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.300 4 306.7 4.1 74.9 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.350 4 348.5 4.83 72.1 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.400 3 291.1 4.18 69.6 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.450 3 319.5 4.75 67.3 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.500 3 346.5 5.32 65.1 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.550 3 372.2 5.9 63.1 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.600 3 396.8 6.48 61.2 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.650 2 280.2 4.71 59.5 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.700 2 295.2 5.11 57.8 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.750 2 309.6 5.51 56.2 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.800 2 323.4 5.91 54.7 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.850 2 336.8 6.32 53.3 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.900 2 349.6 6.73 52 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0.950 2 362.2 7.14 50.7 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 1.000 2 374.3 7.56 49.5 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 1.100 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A Figure 2: PCT view of the number of LEDs used and drive current 1.200 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 1.300 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A To keep the MR16 lamp’s cost low, we wanted to minimize the number of LEDs used. The PCT shows that, at 400 mA, 3 XB-D LEDs provide 1.400 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A light output that exceeds the design goal. With some we estimate #N/A that 3 XB-D LEDs at 380 mA#N/A will provide sufficient #N/A 1.500 #N/Abasic calculation, #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 1.600 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A light output. 1.700 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 1.800 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A Thermal Requirements 1.900 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A With the XB-D LEDs operating at about 4 W power, the#N/A thermal requirements for this reference#N/A design are#N/A not so difficult. 2.000of input #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A About #N/A 75% of the input power will be converted to heat, which the heat sink must be able to dissipate. We selected a commercially available This document is provided for informational purposes only and is not a warranty or a specification. For product specifications, please see the data sh Copyright ©The 2009-2011 rights The information in this3, document is subject toachange notice. Cree, ring the Cree logo and heat sink that also serves as the lamp housing. heatCree, sinkInc. is All part ofreserved. a kit, shown in Figure that includes metalwithout optic-locking and plastic driver-housing cap. Copyright © 2012-2016 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®,, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks and the Cree logo is a trademark of Cree, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other trademarks, product, and company names are the property of their respective owners and do not imply specific product and/or vendor endorsement, sponsorship or association. For product specifications, please see the data sheets available at www.cree.com. For warranty information, please contact Cree Sales at [email protected]. 5 XLamp ® XB-D LED MR16 Reference Design Figure 3: Heat sink/housing kit components The thermal demands of this reference design are not an issue and we did not perform thermal simulation. We did use a thermocouple to perform thermal testing to verify the performance of the heat sink. Driver The driver for this MR16 lamp must be located inside the lamp housing. We decided to use a market‑ready constant‑current driver that fits within the MR16 form factor and matches the design’s current and voltage range. Figure 4: Driver Secondary Optics Although many different lens optics are available for an MR16 spotlight, this design targets the 20-W equivalent 25° market. We selected a 3-in-1 lens optic from LedLink, shown in Figure 5. Copyright © 2012-2016 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®,, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks and the Cree logo is a trademark of Cree, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other trademarks, product, and company names are the property of their respective owners and do not imply specific product and/or vendor endorsement, sponsorship or association. For product specifications, please see the data sheets available at www.cree.com. For warranty information, please contact Cree Sales at [email protected]. 6 XLamp ® XB-D LED MR16 Reference Design Figure 5: XB-D MR16 optic 4. Calculate the number of LEDs Using Cree’s PCT, we determined that 3 XLamp XB-D LEDs produce sufficient light to meet the 280-lm design goal. 5. Consider all design possibilities There are many ways to design an LED-based MR16 lamp. This reference design aims to show that the XB-D LED enables an MR16 lamp offering superior performance. The XB-D LED offers a wide range of color temperatures. As highlighted in Table 6, we selected a warm white LED for this MR16 lamp design. By selecting an LED from a low-level flux bin, we ensured that this design meets its goals using an LED that is readily available. Table 6: XB-D order codes Color CCT Range Min. Warm White 2,600 K Max. Base Order Codes Min. Luminous Flux @ 350 mA (lm) Order Code Group Flux (lm) Q2 87.4 XBDAWT-00-0000-00000LAE7 Q3 93.9 XBDAWT-00-0000-00000LBE7 Q4 100 XBDAWT-00-0000-00000LCE7 3,700 K 6. Complete the final steps: implementation and analysis Using the methodology described above, we determined a suitable combination of LEDs, components and drive conditions. This section describes how Cree assembled the MR16 lamp and shows the results of the design. Prototyping Details 1. We verified the component dimensions to ensure a correct fit. Copyright © 2012-2016 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®,, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks and the Cree logo is a trademark of Cree, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other trademarks, product, and company names are the property of their respective owners and do not imply specific product and/or vendor endorsement, sponsorship or association. For product specifications, please see the data sheets available at www.cree.com. For warranty information, please contact Cree Sales at [email protected]. 7 XLamp ® XB-D LED MR16 Reference Design Figure 6: XB-D MR16 lamp components 2. Following the recommendations in Cree’s Soldering and Handling Application Note for the XB-D LED, with an appropriate solder paste and reflow profile, we reflow soldered the LEDs to the metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB) and cleaned the flux residue with isopropyl alcohol (IPA). 3. We soldered the driver input wires to the MCPCB. 4. We tested the connection by applying power to the LEDs and verified the LEDs lit up. 5. We applied a thin layer of thermal conductive compound to the back of MCPCB and attached it to the heat sink/housing with screws. 6. We fit the LED driver into the heat sink/housing, covered it with the plastic housing cap and secured the cap to the heat sink/housing with screws. 7. We placed the optic on the LED MCPCB, aligning the positioning tabs, and secured it to the outer rim of the heat sink/housing with the metal locking ring. 8. We performed final testing. Results Thermal Results Cree verified the board temperature with a thermocouple to confirm that the thermal dissipation performance of the heat sink is sufficient. Based on the measured solder point temperature of 65 °C, the junction temperature (TJ) can be calculated as follows. TJ = TSP + (LED power * LED thermal resistance) TJ = 65 °C + (1.3 W * 6.5 °C/W) TJ = 73 °C Copyright © 2012-2016 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®,, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks and the Cree logo is a trademark of Cree, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other trademarks, product, and company names are the property of their respective owners and do not imply specific product and/or vendor endorsement, sponsorship or association. For product specifications, please see the data sheets available at www.cree.com. For warranty information, please contact Cree Sales at [email protected]. 8 XLamp ® XB-D LED MR16 Reference Design Estimated LED lifetime Based on thousands of hours of long-term testing of the XB-D LED at higher temperatures than the measured 65 °C TSP, Cree expects an L70 lifetime significantly longer than the 50,000-hour goal for this design. Optical and Electrical Results We obtained the results in Table 7 by testing the XB-D MR16 lamp in a 1.5-meter sphere after a 30-minute stabilization time.4 As the table shows, the lamp exceeds the 880-cd CBCP and 280-lm light output targets using less than 5 W of power. The MR16 lamp also meets the ENERGY STAR efficacy, CCT and CRI requirements. Table 7: XB-D MR16 lamp steady-state results Characteristic Unit Result CBCP cd 890 Light output lm 308 Power W 4.6 Efficacy lm/W 67 CCT K 3110 CRI 100-point scale 82 mA 380 Current We also tested the intensity distribution of the XB-D MR16 lamp.5 Figure 7 shows an even intensity distribution for the 27° beam angle. Figure 7: Angular luminous intensity distribution of XB-D MR16 lamp - 27° beam angle Table 8 shows the illuminance of the XB-D MR16 lamp at various distances from the light source. 4 5 Testing was performed at Cree’s Shenzhen Technology Center. Testing was performed in a type B goniometer at Cree’s Shenzhen Technology Center. AN IES file for the MR16 lamp is available. Copyright © 2012-2016 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®,, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks and the Cree logo is a trademark of Cree, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other trademarks, product, and company names are the property of their respective owners and do not imply specific product and/or vendor endorsement, sponsorship or association. For product specifications, please see the data sheets available at www.cree.com. For warranty information, please contact Cree Sales at [email protected]. 9 XLamp ® XB-D LED MR16 Reference Design Table 8: XB-D MR16 illuminance – 27° beam angle Illuminance Height Eavg Emax Eavg Emax Diameter 1m 3.3 ft 53.3 fc 82.3 fc 573.1 lx 886.4 lx 46.6 cm 1.5 ft 2m 6.6 ft 13.3 fc 20.6 fc 143.3 lx 221.4 lx 93.2 cm 3.1 ft 3m 9.8 ft 5.9 fc 9.1 fc 63.7 lx 98.4 lx 139.9 cm 4.6 ft 4.m 13.1 ft 3.3 fc 5.1 fc 35.8 lx 55.3 lx 186.5 cm 6.1 ft 5m 16.4 ft 2.1 fc 3.3 fc 22.9 lx 35.4 lx 233.1 cm 7.7 ft Conclusion This reference design illustrates the superior performance of an MR16 lamp based on the Cree XLamp XB-D LED. The MR16 lamp components are all commercially available, obviating the need for the time and expense of developing custom parts during the design of an extremely capable lamp. The small footprint of the XB-D LED enables the use of lower cost, smaller size and higher efficiency LED drivers and provides more room for the LED driver and heat sink in space-constrained designs such as an MR16 lamp. The lighting-class performance of the Cree XLamp XB-D LED makes it an attractive design option for an LED-based MR16 lamp. Bill of materials Table 9: Bill of materials for high‑CRI MR16 lamps Component Company Order Code/ Model Number Web Link Driver TXM Power Co. TXM26-0000-XX www.ledpower.com.cn Heat sink/housing, optic holder, base Super Heat Pipe S3.7-MR16 www.zklhcd.cn LED Cree, Inc. XBDAWT-00-0000-00000LBE7 XB-D product page Optic LedLink Optics, Inc. LL03LU-DO25 www.ledlink-optics.com/productsmodule.aspx Reliance on any of the information provided in this Application Note is at the user’s sole risk. Cree and its affiliates make no warranties or representations about, nor assume any liability with respect to, the information in this document or any LED-based lamp or luminaire made in accordance with this reference design, including without limitation that the lamps or luminaires will not infringe the intellectual property rights of Cree or a third party. Luminaire manufacturers who base product designs in whole or part on any Cree Application Note or Reference Design are solely responsible for the compliance of their products with all applicable laws and industry requirements. Copyright © 2012-2016 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®,, XLamp® and EasyWhite® are registered trademarks and the Cree logo is a trademark of Cree, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other trademarks, product, and company names are the property of their respective owners and do not imply specific product and/or vendor endorsement, sponsorship or association. For product specifications, please see the data sheets available at www.cree.com. For warranty information, please contact Cree Sales at [email protected]. 10