® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density FEATURES ►Smallest Encapsulated 40W Converter ►Ultra-compact 2" X 1" Package ►Ultra-wide 4:1 Input Voltage Range ►Fully Regulated Output Voltage ►Excellent Efficiency up to 91% ►I/O Isolation 1500 VDC ►Operating Temp. Range -40℃ to +80℃ ►No Min. Load Requirement ►Overload/Voltage/Temp. and Short Circuit Protection ►Remote On/Off Control, Output Voltage Trim ►Shielded Metal Case with Insulated Baseplate ►UL/cUL/IEC/EN 60950-1 Safety Approval PRODUCT OVERVIEW The MINMAX MKWI40 series is the latest generation of high performance DC-DC converter modules setting a new standard concerning power density. The product offers fully 40W in an encapsulated, shielded metal package with dimensions of just 2.0"x1.0"x0.4". All models provide ultra-wide 4:1 input voltage range and precisely regulated output voltages. Advanced circuit topology provides a very high efficiency up to 91% which allows an operating temperature range of -40°C to +80°C. Further features include remote On/Off, trimmable output voltage, under-voltage lockout as well as overload and over-temperature protection. Typical applications for these converters are battery operated equipment, instrumentation, distributed power architectures in communication and industrial electronics and many other space critical applications. Model Selection Guide Model Number MKWI40-24S033 MKWI40-24S05 MKWI40-24S12 MKWI40-24S15 MKWI40-24S24 MKWI40-24D12 MKWI40-24D15 MKWI40-48S033 MKWI40-48S05 MKWI40-48S12 MKWI40-48S15 MKWI40-48S24 MKWI40-48D12 MKWI40-48D15 Input Voltage (Range) Output Voltage VDC VDC 3.3 5 12 15 24 ±12 ±15 3.3 5 12 15 24 ±12 ±15 24 (9 ~ 36) 48 (18 ~ 75) Output Current Input Current Max. Min. @Max. Load @No Load mA 8000 8000 3330 2670 1670 ±1670 ±1330 8000 8000 3330 2670 1670 ±1670 ±1330 mA 0 0 0 0 0 ±145 ±110 0 0 0 0 0 ±145 ±110 mA(typ.) 1240 1850 1870 1870 1835 1890 1890 620 930 930 930 918 950 950 mA(typ.) 90 90 95 105 115 65 65 55 55 60 65 75 45 45 Reflected Ripple Current Over Voltage Protection Max. capacitive Load mA (typ.) VDC 3.9 6.2 15 18 30 ±15 ±18 3.9 6.2 15 18 30 ±15 ±18 μF 21000 13600 2400 1500 600 1200# 750# 21000 13600 2400 1500 600 1200# 750# 30 20 Efficiency (typ.) @Max. Load % 89 90 89 89 91 88 88 89 90 90 90 91 88 88 # For each output Input Specifications Parameter Model 24V Input Models 48V Input Models 24V Input Models 48V Input Models 24V Input Models 48V Input Models Input Surge Voltage (100ms. max.) Start-Up Threshold Voltage Under Voltage Lockout Input Polarity Protection Power Up Start Up Time Remote On/Off Input Filter Short Circuit Current E-mail:[email protected] 2015/01/23 REV:9 Min. -0.7 -0.7 --------None ----- Typ. --------8.3 16.5 Max. 50 100 9 18 ----- --30 --30 All Models Internal LC Filter --- (Hiccup Mode 1.5 Hz typ, 24V Output Model:0.3 Hz typ.) Nominal Vin and Constant Resistive Load Tel:886-6-2923150 Page 1 of 11 Unit VDC ms ms ® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density Output Specifications Parameter Conditions Output Voltage Setting Accuracy Min. Typ. Max. Unit --- --- ±1.0 %Vnom. Output Voltage Balance Dual Output, Balanced Loads --- --- ±2.0 % Line Regulation Vin=Min. to Max. @Full Load --- --- ±0.5 % Single Output --- --- ±0.5 % Dual Output --- --- ±1.0 % --- --- ±5.0 % Load Regulation Min. Load to Full Load Load Cross Regulation (Dual Output) Asymmetrical Load 25%/100% Full Load Minimum Load No Minimum Load Requirement for Single Output Models, for dual Output Models see Table Ripple & Noise 0-20 MHz Bandwidth Transient Recovery Time 3.3V & 5V Models --- --- 100 mV P-P 12V, 15V & 24V Models --- --- 150 mV P-P Dual Output Models --- --- 150 mV P-P --- 250 --- μsec --- ±3 ±5 % --- --- ±0.02 %/℃ 25% Load Step Change Transient Response Deviation Temperature Coefficient Over Current Protection Current Limitation at 150% typ. of Iout max., Hiccup Short Circuit Protection Hiccup Automatic Recovery Over Voltage Protection For Shutdown Voltage see Model Selection Guide General Specifications Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 60 Seconds 1500 --- --- VDC I/O Isolation Resistance 500 VDC 1000 --- --- MΩ I/O Isolation Capacitance 100KHz, 1V --- --- 1500 pF 24Vo Models --- 285 --- KHz Other Models --- 320 --- I/O Isolation Voltage Switching Frequency MTBF(calculated) MIL-HDBK-217F@25℃, Ground Benign Safety Approvals 328,000 KHz Hours UL/cUL 60950-1 recognition (CSA certificate), IEC/EN 60950-1(CB-report) Remote On/Off Control Parameter Conditions Converter On Min. Typ. Max. Unit 3.5V ~ 12V or Open Circuit Converter Off 0V ~ 1.2V or Short Circuit Control Input Current (on) Vctrl = 5.0V --- 0.5 --- mA Control Input Current (off) Vctrl = 0V --- -0.5 --- mA --- 2.5 --- mA Unit Control Common Referenced to Negative Input Standby Input Current Nominal Vin Output Voltage Trim Parameter Conditions Trim Up / Down Range (9) % of Nominal Output Voltage E-mail:[email protected] 2015/01/23 REV:9 Tel:886-6-2923150 Page 2 of 11 Min. Typ. Max. 24Vo Models +20 / -10 --- --- Other Models ±10 --- --- % ® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density Environmental Specifications Parameter Model Operating Temperature Range Natural Convection (10) Nominal Vin, Load 100% Inom. (for Power Derating see relative Derating Curves) Thermal Impedance Case Temperature Thermal Protection Storage Temperature Range Humidity (non condensing) Cooling RFI Lead Temperature (1.5mm from case for 10Sec.) Min. MKWI40-XXS033 MKWI40-24S05, MKWI40-48S05 MKWI40-48S12, MKWI40-48S15 MKWI40-24S12, MKWI40-24S15 MKWI40-24S24, MKWI40-48S24 MKWI40-24D12, MKWI40-24D15 MKWI40-48D12, MKWI40-48D15 Natural Convection without Heatsink Natural Convection with Heatsink 100LFM Convection without Heatsink 100LFM Convection with Heatsink 200LFM Convection without Heatsink 200LFM Convection with Heatsink 400LFM Convection without Heatsink 400LFM Convection with Heatsink Max. without Heatsink with Heatsink 66 73 -40 51 61 45 57 57 66 40 52 12.0 10.0 9.0 5.4 8.0 4.5 6.0 3.0 --- Shutdown Temperature -50 --Free-Air convection Six-Sided Shielded, Metal Case --- Unit ℃ ℃/W ℃/W ℃/W ℃/W ℃/W ℃/W ℃/W ℃/W ℃ ----------------+105 110℃ typ. +125 95 ℃ % rel. H ℃ 260 EMC Specifications Parameter Standards & Level Conduction EN55024 ESD Radiated immunity Fast transient (8) Surge (8) Conducted immunity EMI EMS E-mail:[email protected] 2015/01/23 REV:9 Tel:886-6-2923150 Page 3 of 11 Performance EN55022, FCC part 15 Class A (See Page 9) EN61000-4-2 air ± 8kV , Contact ± 6kV EN61000-4-3 10V/m EN61000-4-4 ±2kV EN61000-4-5 ±1kV EN61000-4-6 10Vrms B A A B A ® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density Power Derating Curve 100 100 Natural Convection 20LFM 100LFM 60 200LFM 400LFM 40 Natural Convection 20LFM 80 Output Power (%) Output Power (%) 80 100LFM 60 200LFM 400LFM 40 20 20 0 0 ~ -40 0 20 40 60 80 ~ -40 100 110 0 20 Ambient Temperature C MKWI40-24S033,MKWI40-48S033 Derating Curve without Heatsink 100 110 100LFM 60 200LFM 400LFM 40 Natural Convection 20LFM 80 Output Power (%) Output Power (%) 80 100 Natural Convection 20LFM 80 20 100LFM 60 200LFM 400LFM 40 20 0 0 ~ -40 0 20 40 60 80 100 110 ~ -40 0 20 40 60 80 100 110 Ambient Temperature C Ambient Temperature C MKWI40-24S05,MKWI40-48S05, MKWI40-48S12, MKWI40-48S15 Derating Curve without Heatsink MKWI40-24S05,MKWI40-48S05, MKWI40-48S12, MKWI40-48S15 Derating Curve with Heatsink 100 100 Output Power (%) Natural Convection 20LFM 80 Output Power (%) 60 MKWI40-24S033,MKWI40-48S033 Derating Curve with Heatsink 100 100LFM 60 200LFM 400LFM 40 20 80 Natural Convection 20LFM 60 100LFM 40 400LFM 200LFM 20 0 0 ~ -40 0 20 40 60 80 100 110 ~ -40 0 20 40 60 80 100 110 Ambient Temperature C Ambient Temperature C MKWI40-24S12,MKWI40-24S15 Derating Curve without Heatsink MKWI40-24S12,MKWI40-24S15 Derating Curve with Heatsink 100 100 Natural Convection 20LFM 100LFM 60 200LFM 400LFM 40 Natural Convection 20LFM 80 Output Power (%) 80 Output Power (%) 40 Ambient Temperature C 20 100LFM 60 200LFM 400LFM 40 20 0 0 ~ -40 0 20 40 60 80 100 110 Ambient Temperature C MKWI40-24D12,MKWI40-24D15, MKWI40-48D12, MKWI40-48D15 Derating Curve without Heatsink E-mail:[email protected] 2015/01/23 REV:9 Tel:886-6-2923150 Page 4 of 11 ~ -40 0 20 40 60 80 100 110 Ambient Temperature C MKWI40-24D12,MKWI40-24D15, MKWI40-48D12, MKWI40-48D15 Derating Curve with Heatsink ® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density Power Derating Curve 100 100 Natural Convection 20LFM 100LFM 60 200LFM 400LFM 40 Natural Convection 20LFM 80 Output Power (%) Output Power (%) 80 20 100LFM 60 200LFM 400LFM 40 20 0 0 ~ -40 0 20 40 60 80 100 110 Ambient Temperature C MKWI40-24S24,MKWI40-48S24 Derating Curve without Heatsink E-mail:[email protected] 2015/01/23 REV:9 Tel:886-6-2923150 Page 5 of 11 ~ -40 0 20 40 60 80 100 110 Ambient Temperature C MKWI40-24S24,MKWI40-48S24 Derating Curve with Heatsink ® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density 100 100 90 90 Efficiency(%) Efficiency(%) Efficiency Curve @25℃ 80 70 60 80 70 60 9V 50 9V 50 24V 36V 40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 24V 36V 40 100 10 20 30 % of Full Load 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of Full Load MKWI40-24S033 Efficiency vs Load Current MKWI40-24S05 Efficiency vs Load Current 100 90 90 Efficiency(%) 100 Efficiency(%) 40 80 70 60 80 70 60 9V 9V 50 50 24V 36V 40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 24V 36V 40 10 100 20 30 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of Full Load % of Full Load MKWI40-24S12 Efficiency vs Load Current MKWI40-24S15 Efficiency vs Load Current 100 90 90 Efficiency(%) 100 Efficiency(%) 40 80 70 60 80 70 60 9V 9V 50 24V 36V 40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Efficiency(%) 90 80 70 60 9V 50 24V 36V 40 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of Full Load MKWI40-24D15 Efficiency vs Load Current E-mail:[email protected] 2015/01/23 REV:9 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 MKWI40-24D12 Efficiency vs Load Current 100 30 36V 40 % of Full Load MKWI40-24S24 Efficiency vs Load Current 20 24V 10 100 % of Full Load 10 50 Tel:886-6-2923150 Page 6 of 11 100 ® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density 100 100 90 90 Efficiency(%) Efficiency(%) Efficiency Curve @25℃ 80 70 60 80 70 60 18V 18V 50 50 48V 75V 40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 48V 75V 40 10 100 20 30 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of Full Load % of Full Load MKWI40-48S033 Efficiency vs Load Current MKWI40-48S05 Efficiency vs Load Current 100 100 90 90 Efficiency(%) Efficiency(%) 40 80 70 60 80 70 60 18V 50 18V 50 48V 48V 75V 40 75V 40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 % of Full Load 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of Full Load MKWI40-48S12 Efficiency vs Load Current MKWI40-48S15 Efficiency vs Load Current 100 100 90 Efficiency(%) Efficiency(%) 90 80 70 80 70 60 18V 60 18V 50 48V 75V 40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 50 48V 75V 40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of Full Load 100 % of Full Load MKWI40-48S24 Efficiency vs Load Current MKWI40-48D12 Efficiency vs Load Current 100 Efficiency(%) 90 80 70 60 18V 50 48V 75V 40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of Full Load MKWI40-48D15 Efficiency vs Load Current E-mail:[email protected] 2015/01/23 REV:9 Tel:886-6-2923150 Page 7 of 11 ® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density Notes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Specifications typical at Ta=+25℃, resistive load, nominal input voltage and rated output current unless otherwise noted. Transient recovery time is measured to within 1% error band for a step change in output load of 75% to 100%. Ripple & Noise measurement with a 1μF M/C and a 10μF T/C. We recommend to protect the converter by a slow blow fuse in the input supply line. Other input and output voltage may be available, please contact factory. To order the converter with heatsink, please add a suffix –HS (e.g.MKWI40-12S05-HS) to order code. To order the converter without Remote On/Off function, please add a suffix -N (e.g.MKWI40-12S05-N) to order code. To meet EN61000-4-4 & EN61000-4-5 an external capacitor across the input pins is required. Suggested capacitor: CHEMI-CON KXG 330μF/200V. Do not exceed maximum power specification when adjusting output voltage. That “natural convection” is about 20LFM but is not equal to still air (0 LFM). Specifications are subject to change without notice. Package Specifications Mechanical Dimensions Pin Connections 5.08 5.08 10.16 [0.40] [0.20] [0.20] 1.00 [ 0.04] 1 3.6 [0.14] Bottom View 1.85 [0.07] 50.8 [2.00] 2 45.72 [1.80] 3 Pin Single Output Dual Output 1 +Vin +Vin 2 -Vin -Vin 3 Remote On/Off Remote On/Off 4 +Vout +Vout 5 -Vout Common 6 Trim -Vout T: 11.0mm(0.43 inch) for 24V Output Models T: 10.2mm(0.40 inch) for Other Output Models 5 6 10.16 [0.40] 4 10.16 [0.40] 2.54 [0.10] 5.5 [0.22] T 25.4 [1.00] Physical Characteristics Case Size (24V Output) : 50.8x25.4x11.0mm (2.0x1.0x0.43 inches) Case Size (Other Output) : 50.8x25.4x10.2mm (2.0x1.0x0.40 inches) Case Material : Aluminium Alloy, Black Anodized Coating Base Material : FR4 PCB (flammability to UL 94V-0 rated) Pin Material : Copper Alloy with Gold Plate Over Nickel Subplate Weight : 30g E-mail:[email protected] 2015/01/23 REV:9 Tel:886-6-2923150 Page 8 of 11 ►All dimensions in mm ►Tolerance: X.X±0.25 (inches) (X.XX±0.01) X.XX±0.13 ( X.XXX±0.005) ► Pin diameter 1.0 ±0.05 (0.04±0.002) ® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density Heatsink (Option –HS) 31.1 [1.22] Physical Characteristics Heatsink Material : Aluminum Finish : Black Anodized Coating Weight : 9g T: 18.0mm(0.71 inch) for 24V Output Models T: 17.2mm(0.68 inch) for Other Output Models T ►The advantages of adding a heatsink are: 1. To improve heat dissipation and increase the stability and reliability of the DC/DC converters at high operating temperatures. 31.0 [1.22]Max Heat-sink Thermal pad 2. To increase operating temperature of the DC/DC converter, please refer to Derating Curve. Clamp Converter EMI Filter meets Conducted EMI EN55022 class A; FCC part 15 level A Part No. C1 C2 C3 C4 MKWI40-24SXX 4.7μF/50V 1812 MLCC 1000pF/2KV 1808 MLCC 1000pF/2KV 1808 MLCC None E-mail:[email protected] 2015/01/23 REV:9 MKWI40-48SXX 2.2μF/100V 1812 MLCC 1000pF/2KV 1808 MLCC 1000pF/2KV 1808 MLCC None Tel:886-6-2923150 Page 9 of 11 MKWI40-24DXX 4.7μF/50V 1812 MLCC 1000pF/2KV 1808 MLCC None 1000pF/2KV 1808 MLCC MKWI40-48DXX 2.2μF/100V 1812 MLCC 1000pF/2KV 1808 MLCC None 1000pF/2KV 1808 MLCC ® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density External Output Trimming Output can be externally trimmed by using the method shown below MKWI40-XXS033 Trim Table Trim down 1 2 Vout= Vox0.99 Vox0.98 Rd= 72.61 32.55 Trim up Vout= Ru= 1 Vox1.01 60.84 MKWI40-XXS05 Trim Table Trim down 1 Vout= Vox0.99 Rd= 138.88 Trim up Vout= Ru= 1 Vox1.01 106.87 MKWI40-XXS12 Trim Table Trim down 1 Vout= Vox0.99 Rd= 413.55 Trim up Vout= Ru= 1 Vox1.01 351.00 MKWI40-XXS15 Trim Table Trim down 1 Vout= Vox0.99 Rd= 530.73 Trim up Vout= Ru= 1 Vox1.01 422.77 MKWI40-XXS24 Trim Table Trim down 1 Vout= Vox0.99 Rd= 333.39 Trim up Vout= Ru= 2 Vox1.02 243.70 3 Vox0.97 19.20 4 Vox0.96 12.52 5 Vox0.95 8.51 6 Vox0.94 5.84 7 Vox0.93 3.94 8 Vox0.92 2.51 9 Vox0.91 1.39 10 Vox0.90 0.50 % Volts KOhms 2 Vox1.02 27.40 3 Vox1.03 16.25 4 Vox1.04 10.68 5 Vox1.05 7.34 6 Vox1.06 5.11 7 Vox1.07 3.51 8 Vox1.08 2.32 9 Vox1.09 1.39 10 Vox1.10 0.65 % Volts KOhms 2 Vox0.98 62.41 3 Vox0.97 36.92 4 Vox0.96 24.18 5 Vox0.95 16.53 6 Vox0.94 11.44 7 Vox0.93 7.79 8 Vox0.92 5.06 9 Vox0.91 2.94 10 Vox0.90 1.24 % Volts KOhms 2 Vox1.02 47.76 3 Vox1.03 28.06 4 Vox1.04 18.21 5 Vox1.05 12.30 6 Vox1.06 8.36 7 Vox1.07 5.55 8 Vox1.08 3.44 9 Vox1.09 1.79 10 Vox1.10 0.48 % Volts KOhms 2 Vox0.98 184.55 3 Vox0.97 108.22 4 Vox0.96 70.05 5 Vox0.95 47.15 6 Vox0.94 31.88 7 Vox0.93 20.98 8 Vox0.92 12.80 9 Vox0.91 6.44 10 Vox0.90 1.35 % Volts KOhms 2 Vox1.02 157.50 3 Vox1.03 93.00 4 Vox1.04 60.75 5 Vox1.05 41.40 6 Vox1.06 28.50 7 Vox1.07 19.29 8 Vox1.08 12.37 9 Vox1.09 7.00 10 Vox1.10 2.70 % Volts KOhms 2 Vox0.98 238.61 3 Vox0.97 141.24 4 Vox0.96 92.56 5 Vox0.95 63.35 6 Vox0.94 43.87 7 Vox0.93 29.96 8 Vox0.92 19.53 9 Vox0.91 11.41 10 Vox0.90 4.92 % Volts KOhms 2 Vox1.02 189.89 3 Vox1.03 112.26 4 Vox1.04 73.44 5 Vox1.05 50.15 6 Vox1.06 34.63 7 Vox1.07 23.54 8 Vox1.08 15.22 9 Vox1.09 8.75 10 Vox1.10 3.58 % Volts KOhms 2 Vox0.98 148.80 3 Vox0.97 87.26 4 Vox0.96 56.50 5 Vox0.95 38.04 6 Vox0.94 25.73 7 Vox0.93 16.94 8 Vox0.92 10.35 9 Vox0.91 5.22 10 Vox0.90 1.12 % Volts KOhms 4 Vox1.04 108.50 6 Vox1.06 63.43 8 Vox1.08 40.90 10 Vox1.1 27.38 12 Vox1.12 18.37 14 Vox1.14 11.93 16 Vox1.16 7.10 18 Vox1.18 3.34 20 Vox1.2 0.34 % Volts KOhms E-mail:[email protected] 2015/01/23 REV:9 Tel:886-6-2923150 Page 10 of 11 ® MKWI40 SERIES DC/DC CONVERTER 40W, Highest Power Density Test Setup Input Reflected-Ripple Current Test Setup Input reflected-ripple current is measured with a inductor Lin (4.7μH) and Cin (220μF, ESR < 1.0Ω at 100 KHz) to simulate source impedance. Capacitor Cin, offsets possible battery impedance. Current ripple is measured at the input terminals of the module, measurement bandwidth is 0-500 KHz. To Oscilloscope + + Battery +Vin Lin DC / DC Converter Current Probe Cin +Out -Vin Load -Out Peak-to-Peak Output Noise Measurement Test Use a 1μF ceramic capacitor and a 10μF tantalum capacitor. Scope measurement should be made by using a BNC socket, measurement bandwidth is 0-20 MHz. Position the load between 50 mm and 75 mm from the DC/DC Converter. +Vin +Out Copper Strip Single Output DC / DC Converter -Vin Cout -Out Scope Resistive Load +Out Dual Output DC / DC Converter Com. -Vin Copper Strip Copper Strip +Vin Scope Cout Resistive Load Copper Strip Cout -Out Scope Copper Strip Technical Notes Remote On/Off Positive logic remote on/off turns the module on during a logic high voltage on the remote on/off pin, and off during a logic low. To turn the power module on and off, the user must supply a switch to control the voltage between the on/off terminal and the -Vin terminal. The switch can be an open collector or equivalent. A logic low is 0V to 1.2V. A logic high is 4.7V to 12V. The maximum sink current at the on/off terminal (Pin 3) during a logic low is -100μA. The maximum allowable leakage current of a switch connected to the on/off terminal (Pin 3) at logic high (2.5V to 100V) is 5μA. Overcurrent Protection To provide hiccup mode protection in a fault (output overload) condition, the unit is equipped with internal current limiting circuitry and can endure overload for an unlimited duration. Overvoltage Protection The output overvoltage clamp consists of control circuitry, which is independent of the primary regulation loop, that monitors the voltage on the output terminals. The control loop of the clamp has a higher voltage set point than the primary loop. This provides a redundant voltage control that reduces the risk of output overvoltage. The OVP level can be found in the output data. Input Source Impedance The power module should be connected to a low ac-impedance input source. Highly inductive source impedances can affect the stability of the power module. In applications where power is supplied over long lines and output loading is high, it may be necessary to use a capacitor at the input to ensure startup. Capacitor mounted close to the power module helps ensure stability of the unit, it is recommended to use a good quality low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR < 1.0 Ω at 100 KHz) capacitor of a 10μF for the 24V and 48V devices. + DC Power Source +Vin + +Out DC / DC Converter Load Cin - -Vin -Out Output Ripple Reduction A good quality low ESR capacitor placed as close as practicable across the load will give the best ripple and noise performance. To reduce output ripple, it is recommended to use 4.7μF capacitors at the output. + +Vin - +Out Single Output DC / DC Converter DC Power Source -Vin + Cout Load -Out +Vin DC Power Source - +Out Dual Output DC / DC Com. Converter -Vin -Out Cout Load Load Cout Maximum Capacitive Load The MKWI40 series has limitation of maximum connected capacitance at the output. The power module may be operated in current limiting mode during start-up, affecting the ramp-up and the startup time. The maximum capacitance can be found in the data sheet. Thermal Considerations Many conditions affect the thermal performance of the power module, such as orientation, airflow over the module and board spacing. To avoid exceeding the maximum temperature rating of the components inside the power module, the case temperature must be kept below 105℃. The derating curves are determined from measurements obtained in a test setup. Position of air velocity probe and thermocouple 15mm / 0.6in 50mm / 2in Air Flow DUT 18, Sin Sin Road, An-Ping Industrial District, Tainan 702, Taiwan Tel: 886-6-2923150 Fax: 886-6-2923149 E-mail: [email protected] Minmax Technology Co., Ltd. 2015/01/23 REV:9 Page 11 of 11