Load dump protection: Old vs. new ISO standards | EDN 1 of 8 http://edn.com/design/automotive/4428059/Load-dump-protection--Old-... EDN MOMENT 1st untethered spacewalk is taken, February 7, 1984 · Search Login | Register Soo Man (Sweetman) Kim, Vishay -February 07, 2014 Tweet Share 0 Like 0 For many years, the load dump surge condition test for automobiles was defined in the ISO-7637-2 standard and was used by major automotive component manufacturers worldwide. In 2010, this standard was replaced by a new automotive load dump test: ISO-16750-2. This article describes the changes to the load dump test condition and defines the maximum surge suppressing capability on an example load dump TVS under those conditions. New vs. old ISO standard The significant difference between the old and new load dump tests is that the new test requires 10 pulses in 10 minutes with a one minute interval per pulse, as shown in Table 1. The old load dump test (ISO-7637-2, 2004) specified only a single pulse. Table 1 Pulse requirements for ISO-16750-2 Parameter Type of system Minimum UA = 12 V UA = 24 V Us (V) 79 to 101 151 to 202 Ri (Ohm) 0.5 to 4 1 to 8 td (ms) 40 100 tr (ms) 10 / +0 / -5 to 400 to 350 test requirements 10 pulses at intervals of 1 min. 10 / +0 / -5 The test condition of 10 pulses in 10 minutes shows the reliability of the load dump protection device, which assists the circuit designer in choosing the correct device based on surge capability in high-temperature environments. Load dump protection for 12 V systems using an AEC-Q101-qualified TVS series Figure 1 shows the load dump protection device clamping in the specified voltage range, which is 2/7/2014 7:52 AM Load dump protection: Old vs. new ISO standards | EDN 2 of 8 http://edn.com/design/automotive/4428059/Load-dump-protection--Old-... different from the standard waveform. The reason for this difference is the active voltage range of the clamping device in the load dump pulse, as shown in Figure 1. The device in Figure 2 is clamping at 101V Us, 1.75Ω Ri, and a 400ms pulse width. Figure 1 Input waveform of an ISO-16750-2 pulse: 5A, 79V U , 400ms pulse width condition s Figure 2 Clamped waveform of the SM5S24A at an ISO-16750-2 pulse: 5A, 101V U , Ri = s 1.75Ω, 400ms pulse input condition Protecting electronic devices from load dump by using a TVS diode Now let's examine how to protect devices by clamping the voltage below the maximum input voltage for the voltage regulator or other electronic components in the circuit, without halting or powering down the system. The protection device will not operate until the line voltage reaches 24V for 1 to 10 minutes or longer in withstand test conditions. The clamping voltage of the load dump TVS device rises as the junction temperature changes 2/7/2014 7:52 AM Load dump protection: Old vs. new ISO standards | EDN 3 of 8 http://edn.com/design/automotive/4428059/Load-dump-protection--Old-... during continuous clamping operation. Figures 3 and 4 show the first and last clamping waves for 10 pulses using TVS devices at Us = 79V, Ri = 1.0Ω, and 400ms pulse width at 1 minute intervals between each pulse. Figure 3 First clamped waveform for SM5S24A Figure 4 Last clamped waveform for SM5S24A Using the new test condition, 10 continuous pulses affected the surge suppressing capability of the load dump TVS, as shown in the following three graphs: 2/7/2014 7:52 AM Load dump protection: Old vs. new ISO standards | EDN 4 of 8 http://edn.com/design/automotive/4428059/Load-dump-protection--Old-... Figure 5 Capabilities of Vishay's SN5S24A under the new load dump test conditions. Suffix "M" lines are multiple pulses using the new test condition standards (ISO-16750-2). Suffix "S" lines are single pulses as defined by the old test condition standards (ISO-7637-2). These values are based on normal room temperature with the recommended pad size as listed in the datasheet, but the actual capability varies by PCB type, pad size, and temperature conditions. Appendix Easy reference for load dump TVS vs. peak current (Amps) 10 pulses in 10 minutes (ms) Single pulse (ms) 40 ms 100 220 ms ms 400 ms 40 ms 100 ms 220 ms 400 ms SM5S24A 73 57 46 34 58 52 38 29 SM6S24A 95 65 52 39 65 60 44 35 2/7/2014 7:52 AM Load dump protection: Old vs. new ISO standards | EDN 5 of 8 SM8S24A 115 80 67 55 http://edn.com/design/automotive/4428059/Load-dump-protection--Old-... 78 69 60 50 Another way to select the correct load dump protection device is to refer to the maximum clamping current capability of the TVS and estimate the clamping current of the circuit based on: Circuit condition Ri = 2Ω Peak voltage of alternator output in load dump = 100V Target clamping voltage = 35V Pulse width = 200ms Pulse numbers = 10 pulses in 10 minutes SM5S24A has 38A clamping capability in 10 pulses condition and its peak clamping current is 32.5A ((100V - 35V) / 2Ω). Share Tweet 0 Like 0 Write a Comment To comment please Log In 2/7/2014 7:52 AM