Risk Assessment Advice for High Reliability Amplifiers

Application Note 141
October 2013
Risk Assessment Advice for High Reliability Amplifiers
Tim Regan and James Mahoney
Introduction
In long life, high reliability systems, supplied power is
provided only to essential circuitry. As a result many of
the unpowered circuits may have voltages applied to inputs and outputs without proper supply biasing. As part
of any diligent system safety risk assessment, a question
often arises; will the unpowered components be damaged,
degraded, or impair circuit performance under these
abnormal operating conditions?
The purpose of this article is to provide advice for what
lies within the pins of several common amplifiers used in
these applications. Most of the amplifiers of interest are the
radiation hard amplifiers so indicated with a device prefix
of RH. Another amplifier, the LT6016, is particularly robust
with over, under and reversed polarity voltage conditions
and is included for reference.
With no power applied to the amplifier, forcing a voltage
between two pins will cause a current to flow. The magnitude of this current differs from pin to pin and device to
device. A curve tracer is used to show the current vs voltage
characteristic when overdriving specific pin combinations.
Referencing these curve trace plots will provide an indication of the magnitude of current flow for a particular
voltage applied and also any clamp voltage at the device
pin. From these it is hoped that an educated assessment
of the risk of damage can be made.
How to Interpret This Information?
For each amplifier a set of curve trace plots is provided.
These plots indicate the expected current flow should the
inputs and output be connected to voltages outside the
supply rails.
Also shown is a plot of a normal supply connection voltage
sweep which indicates the amplifier’s start-up characteristic. A note added to this plot states at what point to expect
a supply overvoltage condition where the supply current
begins to increase rapidly.
Another plot shows what to expect under a reverse polarity
supply connection.
A plot with voltage applied between the two inputs is also
provided. For amplifiers which contain protection diodes
between the inputs this plot is accurate. For amplifiers
which do not contain such diodes this plot can be misleading since the supply voltage pins are open circuited.
The internal transistor action with power supplied can be
quite different. Devices having different characteristics
with power supplied are noted.
The usefulness of these plots can be shown through an
example. In Figure 1 an RH/LT1013 op amp is powered off
with its supply pins at circuit ground while other circuitry
is active and presents ±10V potentials through resistors
to the –IN pin and the OUTPUT pin.
10k
INPUT
10V
10k
–
+
15V
+
–
–10V
2k
OUTPUT
LT1013
–15V
10k
10k
–
+
+
–
2k
LT1013
AN141 F01
Figure 1. Example of Unpowered Redundant Circuitry
The input condition will try to pull the –IN pin positive.
Pulling this input above the V– supply rail is normal circuit
operation for the RH/LT1013 so not a problem, but pulling it above the V+ supply rail is abnormal and needs to
L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear
Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
an141f
AN141-1
Application Note 141
be checked. Refer to the plot for the RH/LT1013 showing
the –IN to V+ characteristic, as shown in Figure 2. With
an input resistor of 10k the maximum current flow will be
1mA. At 1mA the –IN pin will pull up to near +1V. This plot
shows that this input pin could be pulled to 50V above
V+ with 30mA of input current without damage. The input
biasing condition of this example is likely to be quite safe.
50
LT1013 –IN TO V+
V+
45
+
40
I
5mA/DIV
–
+
35
V
30
25
–
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
20
25 30
5V/DIV
35
40
45
50
AN141 F02
Figure 2. RH/LT1013 –IN Above V+ Plot
The output is being pulled negative through 4k of resistance.
Checking the OUT to V– plot for this amplifier, Figure 3,
shows that the output will clamp at a diode drop below
0
5
10
5mA/DIV
15
Another consequence of this condition however is loading
of the powered amplifier caused by the output clamping
of the unpowered amplifier. In this example the powered
amplifier must be able to sink the 2.5mA of current to
output the –10V level expected. If the powered amplifier
is from another RH/LT1013 package, it is able to sink this
much current so operation should be as expected. Other
lower power amplifiers may not have the output current
capability and the circuit output will be in error caused
by the loading interaction from the unpowered amplifier.
Use of these plots can provide a good starting point for
the evaluation of the risk of circuit damage and/or potential
erroneous operation of systems subjected to abnormal
supply connections. To help locate the plots for a particular
amplifier this index is provided:
20
0
the V– rail, approximately –0.7V with 2.5mA of current
flow. This internal diode is fairly large and as shown in the
plot can safely conduct 10’s of mAs. This condition will
not likely cause any damage to the unpowered amplifier.
LT1013 OUT TO V–
+
–
I
_
V
20
–
V
+
25
30
35
40
INDEX
Amplifier
Equivalent Tested Device
LT6016LT6016
RH07OP07
RH1013LT1013
RH1014LT1014
RH1028LT1028
RH1078LT1078
RH108LM108
RH1056LT1056
RH118LM118
RH1128LT1028
RH1498LT1498
RH1499LT1498
RH1814LT1814
RH27LT1007
RH37LT1007
RH6200LT6200
Page
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
8
13
13
14
15
15
16
45
50
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2
200mV/DIV
0
AN141 F03
Figure 3. RH/LT1013 OUT Below V– Plot
an141f
AN141-2
Application Note 141
Tips and Disclaimers
1. These measurements were taken on typical production
devices.
2.The majority of RH devices are electrically equivalent
to the commercial LT version of the same device. Most
of these measurements were taken on LT devices. The
effects of radiation dosing is not addressed in this study.
3.This information is to be considered as typical room
temperature performance. For characterization temperature behavior or radiation effects, the specific LT
or RH die is highly recommended to obtain optimal
data. No guarantee of device compliance to these
measurements is to be assumed. Absolute Maximum
Ratings apply. Check data sheet for more information.
4.The intent of these measurements is solely to provide
advice for what to expect under abnormal biasing conditions.
5.Most amplifiers contain built-in protection circuitry at
input and output pins, primarily for ESD protection. This
circuitry is designed to redirect potentially destructive
current from sensitive transistor structures.
6.A current of 10mA or less into or out of any pin of
these amplifiers is generally considered safe and nondestructive short term or long term. Applied voltages
less than the maximum rated supply voltage of the
amplifier will be less likely to cause adverse transistor
voltage breakdown effects.
7.A curve tracer sweeps the applied voltage for some
measure of repetitive application. Long term effects
or degradation from long term continuous or repetitive
overvoltage conditions is not part of this study. If the
current is flowing primarily through a simple protection
diode it can generally be considered safe for the long
term.
8.These tests were performed with voltage applied only
to the indicated pins. Unless otherwise indicated the
power supply pins of the amplifiers are open circuited.
9.After the curve trace testing, these units were verified
to still have normal functionality in a typical application
circuit on a lab bench setup at room temperature. They
were not fully retested for all data sheet specifications
on an automated production test system.
an141f
AN141-3
Application Note 141
200
200
LT6016 +IN TO V+
180
I
+
140
V
120
100
+
V
+
80
+
120
V
100
80
160
–
–
60
40
20
20
20
0
I
1.5
V
2.0
–
+
+
I
1.5
V–
2.5
3.0
0
2
+
1.0
–
AN141 G03
OUT to V+
LT6016 –IN TO V–
0.5
0.5mA/DIV
2.0
V
2.5
4
–
–
6
V–
+
3.0
8
14
4.0
4.0
16
4.5
4.5
18
5.0
–5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 3 –2.5 2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0
0.5V/DIV
5.0
1600
1400
V
1200
1000
4.0
+
–
–
800
V–
–
2.5
400
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 72V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 1200µA.
200
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
5V/DIV
V
1.0
800
+
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10V/DIV
AN141 G08
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
600
+ –
400
– +
200
V
+
LT6016 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
–
0
–200
–600
0.5
0
I
–400
–
AN141 G07
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
–1 –0.9 –0.8 –0.7 –0.6 –0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1 0
100mV/DIV
1000
V–
I
2.0
1.5
600
0
3.0
+
AN141 G06
V+
+
3.5
V
OUT to V–
LT6016 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER APPLIED
4.5
0.5mA/DIV
1800
–
V–
–IN to V–
LT6016 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER SUPPLY
I
V+
+
I
–
AN141 G05
AN141 G04
+IN to V–
2000
20
–5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 3 –2.5 2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0
0.5mV/DIV
+
12
3.5
5.0
LT6016 OUT TO V–
10
3.5
200µA/DIV
0.5mA/DIV
0
LT6016 +IN TO V–
1.0
–
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10V/DIV
–IN to V+
2mA/DIV
0
0
V
AN141 G02
AN141 G01
0.5
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10V/DIV
+IN to V+
200µA/DIV
80
40
0
+
OUT
100
60
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10V/DIV
I
–
120
40
0
+
140
60
0
LT6016 OUT TO V+
V+
180
I
140
–
200
+
160
–
Tested Device: LT6016
LT6016 –IN TO V+
V+
180
20µA/DIV
160
20µA/DIV
Similar Devices: LT6015, LT6016, LT6017
20µA/DIV
Amplifier Type: LT6016
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC
–800
WITH POWER SUPPLIED
–1000
–50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50
10V/DIV
AN141 G09
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-4
Application Note 141
50
50
OP-07 +IN TO V+
45
I
40
25
–
20
+
30
V
25
20
80
–
–
30
20
5
5
10
6
8
0
10 12 14 16 18 20
2V/DIV
0
2
4
6
8
AN141 G11
15
V
20
–
+
5
+
–
25
30
I
20
25
5
V
10
–
–
15
V–
20
+
30
40
40
40
45
45
45
50
–20 –18 –16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2
2V/DIV
AN141 G13
V
12
10
8
–
45
OP-07 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER APPLIED
40
V+
35
+
–
V–
30
25
15
4
10
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 48V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 9mA.
0
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
5V/DIV
+
–
V
AN141 G15
8
I
6
+ –
4
– +
2
V
+
–
0
–2
–4
–
–6
OP-07 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
–8
05
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
100mV/DIV
1
AN141 G17
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
+
10
+
AN141 G16
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
V–
OUT to V–
V–
I
20
6
2
V
50
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
0
2mA/DIV
50
5mA/DIV
14
–
–
–IN to V–
OP-07 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER SUPPLY
I
V+
+
16
I
AN141 G14
+IN to V–
18
+
30
35
0
OP-07 OUT TO V–
25
35
50
–20 –18 –16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2
2V/DIV
2
0
35
20
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
AN141 G12
+
15
V–
–
OUT to V+
OP-07 –IN TO V–
10
5mA/DIV
I
10
5mA/DIV
0
OP-07 +IN TO V–
5
0
–IN to V+
5mA/DIV
0
0
10 12 14 16 18 20
2V/DIV
AN141 G10
+IN to V+
2mA/DIV
40
10
4
+
V
OUT
50
15
2
I
–
60
10
0
+
70
15
0
OP-07 OUT TO V+
V+
90
I
35
–
100
+
40
5mA/DIV
V
30
V
Tested Device: OP07
OP-07 –IN TO V+
V+
45
+
+
+
35
5mA/DIV
Similar Devices: OP07
10mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH07
–10
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1
0 1
1V/DIV
2
3
4
5
AN141 G18
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-5
Application Note 141
20
50
LT1013 +IN TO V+
I
16
+
14
V
12
10
+
8
+
30
V
25
20
35
–
–
15
10
2
5
5
0
0
5
V
8
–
+
2
+
–
I
8
10
5
V
10
–
–
+
12
20
16
16
40
18
18
45
20
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
1V/DIV
AN141 G22
45
40
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 60V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 640µA.
35
V
300
200
100
0
0
5
+
–
+
–
5mA/DIV
I
400
V–
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
AN141 G24
V+
30
25
–
V–
I
15
V–
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
5V/DIV
0
V
+
+ –
4
– +
2
V
+
–
0
–2
LT1013 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
–6
–8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
2
AN141 G26
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
I
6
–4
–
AN141 G25
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
8
V+
20
10
10
LT1013 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
+
+
OUT to V–
2mA/DIV
50
600
–
V
AN141 G23
LT1013 V+ TO V–
900 NORMAL POWER SUPPLY
500
50
0
I
–
–IN to V–
1000
700
+
30
35
0
LT1013 OUT TO V–
25
14
+IN to V–
100µA/DIV
15
V–
14
20
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
1V/DIV
2
0
+
6
V–
12
800
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
AN141 G21
LT1013 –IN TO V–
4
10
–
OUT to V+
5mA/DIV
6
2mA/DIV
0
2mA/DIV
I
4
0
–IN to V+
LT1013 +IN TO V–
2
+
V
AN141 G20
+IN to V+
0
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
5V/DIV
AN141 G19
OUT
LT1013 OUT TO V+
20
10
0
–
25
4
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
5V/DIV
I
30
15
5
+
40
6
0
V+
45
I
35
–
50
+
40
–
Tested Device: LT1013
LT1013 –IN TO V+
V+
45
V+
5mA/DIV
18
2mA/DIV
Similar Devices: LT1013
5mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH1013
–10
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC
WITH POWER SUPPLIED
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1
0 1
1V/DIV
2
3
4
5
AN141 G27
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-6
Application Note 141
Similar Devices: LT1014
50
18
45
16
40
14
35
12
LT1014 +IN TO V+
10
8
I
6
+
V
4
2
0
0
+
V+
–
–
50
LT1014 –IN TO V+
V+
+
+
V
25
20
35
–
–
10
5
0
V
8
–
+
I
V–
12
8
10
V
–
–
0
V–
+
12
40
18
18
45
–
3.0
+
–
V+
45
40
35
V–
2.0
1.5
30
25
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 80V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 1.7mA.
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
5V/DIV
5
0
–
V–
I
V
+
+ –
4
– +
2
V
+
–
0
–2
LT1014 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
–6
–8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
2
AN141 G35
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
I
6
–4
–
AN141 G34
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
8
V+
+
20
10
10
LT1014 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
15
0.5
0
50
LT1014 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER
SUPPLY
2.5
1.0
AN141 G33
OUT to V–
2mA/DIV
0.5mA/DIV
3.5
+
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
–IN to V–
5mA/DIV
V
+
AN141 G32
AN141 G31
+IN to V–
4.0
50
0
V
LT1014 OUT TO V–
30
35
4.5
V–
25
16
I
–
20
14
20
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
1V/DIV
I
–
15
16
0
+
5
10
14
20
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
1V/DIV
2
AN141 G30
+
6
10
5.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
OUT to V+
LT1014 –IN TO V–
4
–
+
2
2mA/DIV
2mA/DIV
6
–
AN141 G29
5mA/DIV
I
0
–IN to V+
LT1014 +IN TO V–
4
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
5V/DIV
+
V
OUT
LT1014 OUT TO V+
20
5
AN141 G28
2
–
25
15
+IN to V+
0
I
30
10
5
+
40
15
0
V+
45
I
30
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
5V/DIV
5
Tested Device: LT1014
5mA/DIV
20
5mA/DIV
2mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH1014
–10
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC
WITH POWER SUPPLIED
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1
0 1
1V/DIV
2
3
4
5
AN141 G36
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-7
Application Note 141
50
100
LT1028 +IN TO V+
45
I
40
25
V
80
–
–
20
60
50
40
100
+
+
V
80
–
–
30
20
5
10
10
0
0
AN141 G37
0
2
AN141 G39
10
10
20
20
20
30
30
30
V
80
90
100
50
+
60
I
70
–
–
+
V–
V
80
90
100
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
–
–
I
8
V
1mA/DIV
7
+
V+
+
–
6
100
LT1028 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER
SUPPLY
V–
5
4
90
80
60
50
30
2
20
0
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 52V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 7mA.
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20
2V/DIV
+
LT1028 OUT TO V–
80
90
100
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0
1V/DIV
AN141 G42
10
0
OUT to V–
10
8
V+
+
–
V–
I
V
+
+ –
4
– +
2
V
+
–
0
–2
–6
–8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
2
AN141 G44
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
I
6
–4
–
AN141 G43
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
V–
V
70
LT1028 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
40
3
1
–
–
AN141 G41
70
–
I
–IN to V–
10mA/DIV
9
60
V–
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
+IN to V–
10
50
+
AN141 G40
+
40
10mA/DIV
+
LT1028 –IN TO V–
40
2mA/DIV
I
70
10mA/DIV
10
LT1028 +IN TO V–
2
OUT to V+
0
60
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
AN141 G38
0
50
0
–IN to V+
0
40
–
40
20
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
+
V
OUT
50
30
2
I
–
60
10
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
+
70
15
0
LT1028 OUT TO V+
V+
90
I
+IN to V+
10mA/DIV
Tested Device: LT1028
LT1028 –IN TO V+
V+
70
10mA/DIV
V
30
90
+
+
+
35
5mA/DIV
Similar Devices: LT1028, LT1128
10mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH1028, RH1128
–10
LT1028 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
–1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
500mV/DIV
AN141 G45
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-8
Application Note 141
9
8
7
6
5
9
8
LT1078 +IN TO V+
I
3
+
V
1
0
0
+
V+
–
–
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
6
+
5
4
–
–
5
5
+
1
V–
4
5
0
5
I
V
10
–
–
V–
+
6
20
8
8
40
9
9
45
10
10
400
V
350
+
+
–
AN141 G50
300
V–
250
200
45
100
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 58V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 120µA.
50
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20
2V/DIV
40
V–
30
25
–
10
5
0
V
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
8
+
I
6
+ –
4
– +
2
V
+
–
0
LT1078 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
–2
–4
–6
–
–8
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
100mV/DIV
1
AN141 G53
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
+
10
V–
I
20
V
AN141 G51
V+
+
AN141 G52
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
–
–
OUT to V–
LT1078 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
15
150
0
50
LT1078 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER
SUPPLY
35
–
I
–IN to V–
5mA/DIV
450
V+
50
–5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0
0.5V/DIV
AN141 G49
+
30
7
–5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0
0.5V/DIV
2
LT1078 OUT TO V–
25
35
+IN to V–
50µA/DIV
15
7
I
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
AN141 G48
+
3
6
500
0
OUT to V+
LT1078 –IN TO V–
2
–
0
2
5mA/DIV
V
4
–
20
10
0
1mA/DIV
1mA/DIV
3
–
25
AN141 G47
+
I
+
V
OUT
–IN to V+
LT1078 +IN TO V–
2
I
–
30
1
AN141 G46
1
+
35
15
+IN to V+
0
40
2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
LT1078 OUT TO V+
V+
45
3
0
2
+
V
50
THIS INPUT COULD
ALSO APPEAR
SIMILAR TO THE
+IN TO V+ RESPONSE
SHOWN. INPUT
CHARACTERISTIC
DEPENDS ON VOS
TRIMMING
RESULT.
I
7
4
2
LT1078 –IN TO V+
V+
Tested Device: LT1078
2mA/DIV
1mA/DIV
10
THIS INPUT COULD
ALSO APPEAR
SIMILAR TO THE
–IN TO V+
RESPONSE SHOWN.
INPUT
CHARACTERISTIC
DEPENDS ON VOS
TRIMMING RESULT.
1mA/DIV
10
Similar Devices: LT1078, LT1079
5mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH1078
–10
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC
WITH POWER SUPPLIED
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1
0 1
1V/DIV
2
3
4
5
AN141 G54
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-9
Application Note 141
Similar Devices: LM108
Tested Device: LM308
20
20
50
18
18
45
16
16
40
14
14
12
12
8
I
6
+
V
4
2
0
0.5 1
1.5
V+
+
–
35
LM308A –IN TO V+
10
+
8
I
6
+
4
–
V
2
2 2.5 3 3.5
500mV/DIV
4 4.5
0
5
0 0.5
1 1.5
V+
LM308A OUT TO V+
V+
20
+
–
2 2.5 3 3.5
500mV/DIV
4 4.5
0
5
0
5
10
10
10
15
15
15
20
20
40
V
45
50
–
+
+
–
I
450
400
V
350
+
V+
+
–
I
V
45
50
V–
0
2
4
6
8
–
10 12 14 16 18 20
2V/DIV
4
4.5
50
45
40
5mA/DIV
+
I
–
–
V–
V
+
30
35
V–
40
45
50
–5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0
500mV/DIV
AN141 G51a
30
25
5
0
10
8
V+
–
V–
I
20
10
OUT to V–
LM308A V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
+
V
5
LM308A OUT TO V–
25
+
+
4
– +
2
2
V
+
–
0
–2
–8
AN141 G53a
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
+ –
–6
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
I
6
–4
–
AN141 G52a
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
20
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
15
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 65V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 270µA.
2 2.5 3 3.5
500mV/DIV
AN141 G50a
LM308A V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER
SUPPLY
150
50
1 1.5
–IN to V–
200
100
–
AN141 G49a
250
0
30
35
–
300
+
40
5mA/DIV
500
25
35
V–
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
+IN to V–
LM308A –IN TO V–
2mA/DIV
35
0.5
AN141 G48a
5
I
0
–
OUT to V+
5
30
V
AN141 G47a
0
LM308A +IN TO V–
+
OUT
5
0
25
I
–
10
–IN to V+
5mA/DIV
5mA/DIV
25
15
–
AN141 G46a
+IN to V+
50µA/DIV
30
5mA/DIV
LM308A +IN TO V+
10
0
2mA/DIV
2mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH108
LM308A +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC
WITH POWER SUPPLIED
–10
–2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5
500mV/DIV
1
1.5
2 2.5
AN141 G54a
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-10
Application Note 141
10
10
LT1056 +IN TO V+
I
8
+
7
V
6
5
+
V
+
4
+
6
V
5
4
80
–
–
30
20
1
1
10
0
–
V
20
25
+
–
+
0
0
10
10
20
20
30
V–
30
35
40
+
60
I
70
80
45
90
50
30
LT1056 –IN TO V–
50
40
100
–5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0
500mV/DIV
V
–
–
I
4.5
4.0
V
0.5mA/DIV
3.5
+
–
3.0
+
–
V+
50
45
40
35
V–
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 55V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 7mA.
1.5
30
25
0.5
5
0
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
5V/DIV
+
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
AN141 G60
2.5
LT1056 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
2.0
V+
+
–
V–
I
V
+ –
1.0
– +
0.5
V
+
–
0
–1.0
–1.5
–
LT1056 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC
WITH POWER SUPPLIED
–2.5
–50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50
10V/DIV
–2.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
2
AN141 G62
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
I
1.5
–0.5
+
AN141 G61
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
V
OUT to V–
15
10
5
100
–
V–
90
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
I
–
80
+
20
1.0
0
+
60
AN141 G59
LT1056 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER
SUPPLY
2.5
2.0
LT1056 OUT TO V–
50
–IN to V–
5mA/DIV
5.0
40
70
V–
AN141 G58
+IN to V–
2
AN141 G57
10mA/DIV
15
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
OUT to V+
0.5mA/DIV
I
10mA/DIV
5mA/DIV
5
0
–IN to V+
LT1056 +IN TO V–
10
–
AN141 G56
AN141 G55
+IN to V+
0
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10V/DIV
+
V
40
2
0
OUT
50
3
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10V/DIV
I
–
60
2
0
+
70
3
0
LT1056 OUT TO V+
V+
90
I
7
–
100
+
8
–
Tested Device: LT1056
LT1056 –IN TO V+
V+
9
1mA/DIV
9
1mA/DIV
Similar Devices: LT1055, LT1056, LT1057
10mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH1056
AN141 G63
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-11
Application Note 141
100
100
LM118 +IN TO V+
90
I
80
60
50
–
40
+
60
V
50
40
80
–
–
20
20
10
10
10
0
0
4 4.5
5
0 0.5
1 1.5
2 2.5 3 3.5
500mV/DIV
4 4.5
0
15
–
V
20
25
+
+
30
20
V
25
15
V–
+
30
40
40
45
45
45
50
50
V
7
+
–
6
50
LM118 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER
SUPPLY
V–
5
4
45
40
25
2
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20
2V/DIV
AN141 G70
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
2.5
LM118 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
2.0
V+
+
–
V–
I
20
15
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 45V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 4.2mA.
AN141 G69
OUT to V–
30
3
1
–5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0
500mV/DIV
–IN to V–
35
–
+
AN141 G68
AN141 G67
5mA/DIV
8
+
V+
50
0.5mA/DIV
I
9
V–
V
30
35
10
–
25
40
–5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0
500mV/DIV
I
–
20
35
–5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0
500mV/DIV
+
10
–
–
LM118 OUT TO V–
5
35
+IN to V–
1mA/DIV
I
15
V–
0
+
10
–
AN141 G66
5mA/DIV
I
V
I
1.5
+ –
1.0
– +
0.5
V
+
–
0
–0.5
+
–1.0
–1.5
–
5
–2.0
0
–2.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
2
AN141 G71
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
2
OUT to V+
LM118 –IN TO V–
5
5mA/DIV
5mA/DIV
10
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
–IN to V+
LM118 +IN TO V–
5
0
AN141 G65
AN141 G64
+IN to V+
0
0
5
–
40
20
2 2.5 3 3.5
500mV/DIV
+
V
OUT
50
30
1.5
I
–
60
30
0.5 1
+
70
30
0
LM118 OUT TO V+
V+
90
I
70
–
100
+
80
10mA/DIV
V
Tested Device: LM118
LM118 –IN TO V+
V+
90
V+
+
+
70
10mA/DIV
Similar Devices: LM118
10mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH118
LM118 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC
WITH POWER SUPPLIED
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1
0 1
1V/DIV
2
3
4
5
AN141 G72
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-12
Application Note 141
50
50
LT1498 +IN TO V+
45
I
40
30
25
V
40
–
20
30
25
50
+
V
20
–
10
5
5
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
0
2
5
10
15
15
15
20
20
45
50
+
–
+IN to V–
I
8
V
7
+
V+
+
–
6
50
–
V
50
45
40
30
25
2
10
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20
2V/DIV
–
5mA/DIV
25
30
V–
V
+
LT1498 OUT TO V–
35
V–
40
+
45
50
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
AN141 G87
5
0
OUT to V–
25
LT1498 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
20
V+
+
–
V–
I
V
+
10
– +
5
1
V
+
–
0
–5
–20
AN141 G89
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
+ –
–15
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
100mV/DIV
I
15
–10
–
AN141 G88
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
–
–
20
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
20
15
2
I
AN141 G86
3
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 43V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 3.6mA.
–
+
–IN to V–
LT1498 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER
SUPPLY
4
0
V
AN141 G85
5
1
I
45
35
–
+
30
40
V–
5mA/DIV
9
25
35
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
500mV/DIV
10
LT1498 –IN TO V–
5mA/DIV
V
40
+
5mA/DIV
5
10
–
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
0
5
I
–
AN141 G84
10
35
+
V
OUT to V+
0
0
30
0
–IN to V+
LT1498 +IN TO V–
OUT
AN141 G83
AN141 G82
25
–
20
15
2
I
25
10
+IN to V+
5mA/DIV
30
15
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
+
35
–
10
0
V+
40
I
+
LT1498 OUT TO V+
45
15
0
1mA/DIV
Tested Device: LT1498
LT1498 –IN TO V+
V+
35
–
5mA/DIV
V
45
+
+
+
35
5mA/DIV
Similar Devices: LT1498, LT1499
5mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH1498, RH1499
LT1498 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC
WITH POWER SUPPLIED
–25
–2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5
500mV/DIV
1
1.5
2 2.5
AN141 G90
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-13
Application Note 141
50
50
LT1814 +IN TO V+
45
I
40
+
V
30
25
45
V+
+
40
–
–
20
30
25
50
45
+
40
I
+
V
20
35
–
–
30
25
LT1814 OUT TO V+
V+
20
+
15
15
15
10
10
10
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
0
LT1814 +IN TO V–
10
I
15
–
V
20
25
5
+
I
V–
30
20
25
V
5
15
V–
+
30
25
30
35
35
40
40
40
45
45
45
50
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
V
2mA/DIV
14
+
–
45
40
35
–
12
50
LT1814 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER
SUPPLY
V
–
5mA/DIV
16
+
V+
10
8
30
25
15
4
10
0
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
BEGINS AT 20V. AT BREAKDOWN
ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 12mA.
0
1
2
3
4
5 6
1V/DIV
V–
7
8
9
10
–
+
LT1814 OUT TO V–
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
5
0
25
20
V–
I
V
+
10
– +
5
V
+
–
0
–5
–20
AN141 G107
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
+ –
–15
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
100mV/DIV
I
15
–10
–
AN141 G106
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
V
AN141 G105
V+
20
6
2
–
–
OUT to V–
LT1814 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
+
2
I
–IN to V–
5mA/DIV
I
+
AN141 G104
AN141 G103
18
50
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
+IN to V–
20
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
20
35
50
–
0
10
–
–
+
V
AN141 G102
+
15
–
+
0
OUT
OUT to V+
LT1814 –IN TO V–
10
5mA/DIV
5
–
–IN to V+
5mA/DIV
0
2
I
AN141 G101
AN141 G100
+IN to V+
5mA/DIV
Tested Device: LT1814
LT1814 –IN TO V+
V+
35
5mA/DIV
35
5mA/DIV
Similar Devices: LT1814
5mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH1814
LT1814 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS
WITH POWER SUPPLIED
–25
–2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5
0.5V/DIV
1
1.5
2 2.5
AN141 G108
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-14
Application Note 141
100
100
LT1007 +IN TO V+
I
80
+
70
V
60
50
90
+
V
+
80
–
–
40
60
+
I
50
40
+
V
–
80
+
30
20
10
10
10
0
0
2 2.5 3 3.5
500mV/DIV
4 4.5
5
0 0.5
1 1.5
2 2.5 3 3.5
500mV/DIV
4 4.5
0
5
20
10
30
30
40
40
80
V
90
–
+
–
100
V
1.0
+
–
0.5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5 6
1V/DIV
+
–
7
70
10mA/DIV
I
V+
60
50
8
10
9
10
–
V–
5mA/DIV
50
0
V
+
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
AN141 G114
OUT to V–
25
20
V–
I
V
–
45
V+
+
I
–
40
+
+
I
15
+ –
10
– +
5
V
+
–
0
–5
–10
–15
–
–20
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
2
LT1007 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
–25
–2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5
500mV/DIV
AN141 G116
AN141 G115
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
35
V–
LT1007 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
40
20
V
+
30
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
30
–
LT1007 OUT TO V–
25
AN141 G113
80
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
3.5 BEGINS AT 56V. AT BREAKDOWN
INCREASES TO 3.6mA.
I
3.0 SUPPLY
1.5
V
–
–
20
–IN to V–
90
2.0
I
AN141 G112
100
2.5
+
60
90
LT1007 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER
SUPPLY
4.0
50
80
V–
+IN to V–
4.5
15
LT1007 –IN TO V–
70
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
5.0
0
5mA/DIV
70
100
10mA/DIV
5
20
+
2
AN141 G111
0
I
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
OUT to V+
10
LT1007 +IN TO V–
–
AN141 G110
0
60
0
–IN to V+
10
50
+
V
40
20
1.5
OUT
50
30
0.5 1
I
–
60
20
AN141 G109
10mA/DIV
LT1007 OUT TO V+
V+
70
–
+IN to V+
0.5mA/DIV
90
30
0
Tested Device: LT1007
100
LT1007 –IN TO V+
V+
70
10mA/DIV
90
10mA/DIV
Similar Devices: OP27, OP37, LT1007, LT1037
10mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH27, RH37
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
1
1.5
2 2.5
AN141 G117
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
AN141-15
Application Note 141
50
50
LT6200 +IN TO V+
I
40
+
35
V
30
25
V+
+
I
35
–
20
50
+
40
–
+
30
V
25
20
LT6200 OUT TO V+
V+
40
+
35
–
–
15
10
5
5
5
0
2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
AN141 G118
0
V
20
–
+
I
15
V–
25
30
0
5
20
V
25
10
–
–
15
V–
20
+
30
35
40
40
40
45
45
45
50
50
40
40
SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN
35 BEGINS AT 20V. AT BREAKDOWN
INCREASES TO 15mA.
I
30 SUPPLY
I
20
15
V
10
+
–
5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5 6
1V/DIV
+
–
7
5mA/DIV
25
35
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
V+
30
25
–
V
10
8
5
9
10
0
20
V–
I
20
15
V–
25
V+
+
+
10
– +
5
V
+
–
0
–5
–20
1
AN141 G125
V– to V+ (Reverse Supply)
+ –
–15
–
AN141 G124
I
15
–10
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
100mV/DIV
V+ to V– (Normal Supply)
+
AN141 G123
5mA/DIV
45
V
OUT to V–
LT6200 V– TO V+
REVERSE POWER
APPLIED
45
–
V–
–IN to V–
LT6200 V+ TO V–
NORMAL POWER
SUPPLY
I
–
AN141 G122
+IN to V–
50
50
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
AN141 G121
+
30
35
–2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0
200mV/DIV
LT6200 OUT TO V–
25
35
50
2
AN141 G120
+
10
–
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
OUT to V+
LT6200 –IN TO V–
5
5mA/DIV
15
–
AN141 G119
+
I
10
0
–IN to V+
LT6200 +IN TO V–
5
0
2
5mA/DIV
0
+
V
20
10
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
200mV/DIV
OUT
25
15
0
I
–
30
10
+IN to V+
5mA/DIV
45
15
0
5mA/DIV
Tested Device: LT6200
LT6200 –IN TO V+
V+
45
5mA/DIV
45
5mA/DIV
Similar Devices: LT6200
5mA/DIV
Amplifier Type: RH6200
–25
LT6200 +IN TO –IN
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
–1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
200mV/DIV
AN141 G126
+IN to –IN (Differential Input)
an141f
AN141-16
Linear Technology Corporation
LT 1013 • PRINTED IN USA
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
(408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507
●
www.linear.com
 LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2013