Application Note 141 October 2013 Risk Assessment Advice for High Reliability Amplifiers Tim Regan and James Mahoney Introduction In long life, high reliability systems, supplied power is provided only to essential circuitry. As a result many of the unpowered circuits may have voltages applied to inputs and outputs without proper supply biasing. As part of any diligent system safety risk assessment, a question often arises; will the unpowered components be damaged, degraded, or impair circuit performance under these abnormal operating conditions? The purpose of this article is to provide advice for what lies within the pins of several common amplifiers used in these applications. Most of the amplifiers of interest are the radiation hard amplifiers so indicated with a device prefix of RH. Another amplifier, the LT6016, is particularly robust with over, under and reversed polarity voltage conditions and is included for reference. With no power applied to the amplifier, forcing a voltage between two pins will cause a current to flow. The magnitude of this current differs from pin to pin and device to device. A curve tracer is used to show the current vs voltage characteristic when overdriving specific pin combinations. Referencing these curve trace plots will provide an indication of the magnitude of current flow for a particular voltage applied and also any clamp voltage at the device pin. From these it is hoped that an educated assessment of the risk of damage can be made. How to Interpret This Information? For each amplifier a set of curve trace plots is provided. These plots indicate the expected current flow should the inputs and output be connected to voltages outside the supply rails. Also shown is a plot of a normal supply connection voltage sweep which indicates the amplifier’s start-up characteristic. A note added to this plot states at what point to expect a supply overvoltage condition where the supply current begins to increase rapidly. Another plot shows what to expect under a reverse polarity supply connection. A plot with voltage applied between the two inputs is also provided. For amplifiers which contain protection diodes between the inputs this plot is accurate. For amplifiers which do not contain such diodes this plot can be misleading since the supply voltage pins are open circuited. The internal transistor action with power supplied can be quite different. Devices having different characteristics with power supplied are noted. The usefulness of these plots can be shown through an example. In Figure 1 an RH/LT1013 op amp is powered off with its supply pins at circuit ground while other circuitry is active and presents ±10V potentials through resistors to the –IN pin and the OUTPUT pin. 10k INPUT 10V 10k – + 15V + – –10V 2k OUTPUT LT1013 –15V 10k 10k – + + – 2k LT1013 AN141 F01 Figure 1. Example of Unpowered Redundant Circuitry The input condition will try to pull the –IN pin positive. Pulling this input above the V– supply rail is normal circuit operation for the RH/LT1013 so not a problem, but pulling it above the V+ supply rail is abnormal and needs to L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. an141f AN141-1 Application Note 141 be checked. Refer to the plot for the RH/LT1013 showing the –IN to V+ characteristic, as shown in Figure 2. With an input resistor of 10k the maximum current flow will be 1mA. At 1mA the –IN pin will pull up to near +1V. This plot shows that this input pin could be pulled to 50V above V+ with 30mA of input current without damage. The input biasing condition of this example is likely to be quite safe. 50 LT1013 –IN TO V+ V+ 45 + 40 I 5mA/DIV – + 35 V 30 25 – 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5V/DIV 35 40 45 50 AN141 F02 Figure 2. RH/LT1013 –IN Above V+ Plot The output is being pulled negative through 4k of resistance. Checking the OUT to V– plot for this amplifier, Figure 3, shows that the output will clamp at a diode drop below 0 5 10 5mA/DIV 15 Another consequence of this condition however is loading of the powered amplifier caused by the output clamping of the unpowered amplifier. In this example the powered amplifier must be able to sink the 2.5mA of current to output the –10V level expected. If the powered amplifier is from another RH/LT1013 package, it is able to sink this much current so operation should be as expected. Other lower power amplifiers may not have the output current capability and the circuit output will be in error caused by the loading interaction from the unpowered amplifier. Use of these plots can provide a good starting point for the evaluation of the risk of circuit damage and/or potential erroneous operation of systems subjected to abnormal supply connections. To help locate the plots for a particular amplifier this index is provided: 20 0 the V– rail, approximately –0.7V with 2.5mA of current flow. This internal diode is fairly large and as shown in the plot can safely conduct 10’s of mAs. This condition will not likely cause any damage to the unpowered amplifier. LT1013 OUT TO V– + – I _ V 20 – V + 25 30 35 40 INDEX Amplifier Equivalent Tested Device LT6016LT6016 RH07OP07 RH1013LT1013 RH1014LT1014 RH1028LT1028 RH1078LT1078 RH108LM108 RH1056LT1056 RH118LM118 RH1128LT1028 RH1498LT1498 RH1499LT1498 RH1814LT1814 RH27LT1007 RH37LT1007 RH6200LT6200 Page 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 8 13 13 14 15 15 16 45 50 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 200mV/DIV 0 AN141 F03 Figure 3. RH/LT1013 OUT Below V– Plot an141f AN141-2 Application Note 141 Tips and Disclaimers 1. These measurements were taken on typical production devices. 2.The majority of RH devices are electrically equivalent to the commercial LT version of the same device. Most of these measurements were taken on LT devices. The effects of radiation dosing is not addressed in this study. 3.This information is to be considered as typical room temperature performance. For characterization temperature behavior or radiation effects, the specific LT or RH die is highly recommended to obtain optimal data. No guarantee of device compliance to these measurements is to be assumed. Absolute Maximum Ratings apply. Check data sheet for more information. 4.The intent of these measurements is solely to provide advice for what to expect under abnormal biasing conditions. 5.Most amplifiers contain built-in protection circuitry at input and output pins, primarily for ESD protection. This circuitry is designed to redirect potentially destructive current from sensitive transistor structures. 6.A current of 10mA or less into or out of any pin of these amplifiers is generally considered safe and nondestructive short term or long term. Applied voltages less than the maximum rated supply voltage of the amplifier will be less likely to cause adverse transistor voltage breakdown effects. 7.A curve tracer sweeps the applied voltage for some measure of repetitive application. Long term effects or degradation from long term continuous or repetitive overvoltage conditions is not part of this study. If the current is flowing primarily through a simple protection diode it can generally be considered safe for the long term. 8.These tests were performed with voltage applied only to the indicated pins. Unless otherwise indicated the power supply pins of the amplifiers are open circuited. 9.After the curve trace testing, these units were verified to still have normal functionality in a typical application circuit on a lab bench setup at room temperature. They were not fully retested for all data sheet specifications on an automated production test system. an141f AN141-3 Application Note 141 200 200 LT6016 +IN TO V+ 180 I + 140 V 120 100 + V + 80 + 120 V 100 80 160 – – 60 40 20 20 20 0 I 1.5 V 2.0 – + + I 1.5 V– 2.5 3.0 0 2 + 1.0 – AN141 G03 OUT to V+ LT6016 –IN TO V– 0.5 0.5mA/DIV 2.0 V 2.5 4 – – 6 V– + 3.0 8 14 4.0 4.0 16 4.5 4.5 18 5.0 –5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 3 –2.5 2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5V/DIV 5.0 1600 1400 V 1200 1000 4.0 + – – 800 V– – 2.5 400 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 72V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 1200µA. 200 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5V/DIV V 1.0 800 + 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10V/DIV AN141 G08 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) 600 + – 400 – + 200 V + LT6016 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT – 0 –200 –600 0.5 0 I –400 – AN141 G07 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) –1 –0.9 –0.8 –0.7 –0.6 –0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1 0 100mV/DIV 1000 V– I 2.0 1.5 600 0 3.0 + AN141 G06 V+ + 3.5 V OUT to V– LT6016 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED 4.5 0.5mA/DIV 1800 – V– –IN to V– LT6016 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY I V+ + I – AN141 G05 AN141 G04 +IN to V– 2000 20 –5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 3 –2.5 2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5mV/DIV + 12 3.5 5.0 LT6016 OUT TO V– 10 3.5 200µA/DIV 0.5mA/DIV 0 LT6016 +IN TO V– 1.0 – 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10V/DIV –IN to V+ 2mA/DIV 0 0 V AN141 G02 AN141 G01 0.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10V/DIV +IN to V+ 200µA/DIV 80 40 0 + OUT 100 60 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10V/DIV I – 120 40 0 + 140 60 0 LT6016 OUT TO V+ V+ 180 I 140 – 200 + 160 – Tested Device: LT6016 LT6016 –IN TO V+ V+ 180 20µA/DIV 160 20µA/DIV Similar Devices: LT6015, LT6016, LT6017 20µA/DIV Amplifier Type: LT6016 DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC –800 WITH POWER SUPPLIED –1000 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 10V/DIV AN141 G09 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-4 Application Note 141 50 50 OP-07 +IN TO V+ 45 I 40 25 – 20 + 30 V 25 20 80 – – 30 20 5 5 10 6 8 0 10 12 14 16 18 20 2V/DIV 0 2 4 6 8 AN141 G11 15 V 20 – + 5 + – 25 30 I 20 25 5 V 10 – – 15 V– 20 + 30 40 40 40 45 45 45 50 –20 –18 –16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2V/DIV AN141 G13 V 12 10 8 – 45 OP-07 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED 40 V+ 35 + – V– 30 25 15 4 10 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 48V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 9mA. 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5V/DIV + – V AN141 G15 8 I 6 + – 4 – + 2 V + – 0 –2 –4 – –6 OP-07 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT –8 05 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 100mV/DIV 1 AN141 G17 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) + 10 + AN141 G16 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) V– OUT to V– V– I 20 6 2 V 50 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV 0 2mA/DIV 50 5mA/DIV 14 – – –IN to V– OP-07 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY I V+ + 16 I AN141 G14 +IN to V– 18 + 30 35 0 OP-07 OUT TO V– 25 35 50 –20 –18 –16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2V/DIV 2 0 35 20 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV AN141 G12 + 15 V– – OUT to V+ OP-07 –IN TO V– 10 5mA/DIV I 10 5mA/DIV 0 OP-07 +IN TO V– 5 0 –IN to V+ 5mA/DIV 0 0 10 12 14 16 18 20 2V/DIV AN141 G10 +IN to V+ 2mA/DIV 40 10 4 + V OUT 50 15 2 I – 60 10 0 + 70 15 0 OP-07 OUT TO V+ V+ 90 I 35 – 100 + 40 5mA/DIV V 30 V Tested Device: OP07 OP-07 –IN TO V+ V+ 45 + + + 35 5mA/DIV Similar Devices: OP07 10mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH07 –10 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 1V/DIV 2 3 4 5 AN141 G18 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-5 Application Note 141 20 50 LT1013 +IN TO V+ I 16 + 14 V 12 10 + 8 + 30 V 25 20 35 – – 15 10 2 5 5 0 0 5 V 8 – + 2 + – I 8 10 5 V 10 – – + 12 20 16 16 40 18 18 45 20 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1V/DIV AN141 G22 45 40 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 60V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 640µA. 35 V 300 200 100 0 0 5 + – + – 5mA/DIV I 400 V– –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV AN141 G24 V+ 30 25 – V– I 15 V– 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5V/DIV 0 V + + – 4 – + 2 V + – 0 –2 LT1013 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT –6 –8 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 2 AN141 G26 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) I 6 –4 – AN141 G25 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) 8 V+ 20 10 10 LT1013 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED + + OUT to V– 2mA/DIV 50 600 – V AN141 G23 LT1013 V+ TO V– 900 NORMAL POWER SUPPLY 500 50 0 I – –IN to V– 1000 700 + 30 35 0 LT1013 OUT TO V– 25 14 +IN to V– 100µA/DIV 15 V– 14 20 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1V/DIV 2 0 + 6 V– 12 800 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV AN141 G21 LT1013 –IN TO V– 4 10 – OUT to V+ 5mA/DIV 6 2mA/DIV 0 2mA/DIV I 4 0 –IN to V+ LT1013 +IN TO V– 2 + V AN141 G20 +IN to V+ 0 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5V/DIV AN141 G19 OUT LT1013 OUT TO V+ 20 10 0 – 25 4 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5V/DIV I 30 15 5 + 40 6 0 V+ 45 I 35 – 50 + 40 – Tested Device: LT1013 LT1013 –IN TO V+ V+ 45 V+ 5mA/DIV 18 2mA/DIV Similar Devices: LT1013 5mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH1013 –10 DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC WITH POWER SUPPLIED –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 1V/DIV 2 3 4 5 AN141 G27 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-6 Application Note 141 Similar Devices: LT1014 50 18 45 16 40 14 35 12 LT1014 +IN TO V+ 10 8 I 6 + V 4 2 0 0 + V+ – – 50 LT1014 –IN TO V+ V+ + + V 25 20 35 – – 10 5 0 V 8 – + I V– 12 8 10 V – – 0 V– + 12 40 18 18 45 – 3.0 + – V+ 45 40 35 V– 2.0 1.5 30 25 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 80V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 1.7mA. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5V/DIV 5 0 – V– I V + + – 4 – + 2 V + – 0 –2 LT1014 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT –6 –8 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 2 AN141 G35 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) I 6 –4 – AN141 G34 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) 8 V+ + 20 10 10 LT1014 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED 15 0.5 0 50 LT1014 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY 2.5 1.0 AN141 G33 OUT to V– 2mA/DIV 0.5mA/DIV 3.5 + –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV –IN to V– 5mA/DIV V + AN141 G32 AN141 G31 +IN to V– 4.0 50 0 V LT1014 OUT TO V– 30 35 4.5 V– 25 16 I – 20 14 20 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1V/DIV I – 15 16 0 + 5 10 14 20 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1V/DIV 2 AN141 G30 + 6 10 5.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV OUT to V+ LT1014 –IN TO V– 4 – + 2 2mA/DIV 2mA/DIV 6 – AN141 G29 5mA/DIV I 0 –IN to V+ LT1014 +IN TO V– 4 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5V/DIV + V OUT LT1014 OUT TO V+ 20 5 AN141 G28 2 – 25 15 +IN to V+ 0 I 30 10 5 + 40 15 0 V+ 45 I 30 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5V/DIV 5 Tested Device: LT1014 5mA/DIV 20 5mA/DIV 2mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH1014 –10 DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC WITH POWER SUPPLIED –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 1V/DIV 2 3 4 5 AN141 G36 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-7 Application Note 141 50 100 LT1028 +IN TO V+ 45 I 40 25 V 80 – – 20 60 50 40 100 + + V 80 – – 30 20 5 10 10 0 0 AN141 G37 0 2 AN141 G39 10 10 20 20 20 30 30 30 V 80 90 100 50 + 60 I 70 – – + V– V 80 90 100 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV – – I 8 V 1mA/DIV 7 + V+ + – 6 100 LT1028 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY V– 5 4 90 80 60 50 30 2 20 0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 52V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 7mA. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2V/DIV + LT1028 OUT TO V– 80 90 100 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1V/DIV AN141 G42 10 0 OUT to V– 10 8 V+ + – V– I V + + – 4 – + 2 V + – 0 –2 –6 –8 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 2 AN141 G44 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) I 6 –4 – AN141 G43 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) V– V 70 LT1028 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED 40 3 1 – – AN141 G41 70 – I –IN to V– 10mA/DIV 9 60 V– –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV +IN to V– 10 50 + AN141 G40 + 40 10mA/DIV + LT1028 –IN TO V– 40 2mA/DIV I 70 10mA/DIV 10 LT1028 +IN TO V– 2 OUT to V+ 0 60 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV AN141 G38 0 50 0 –IN to V+ 0 40 – 40 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV + V OUT 50 30 2 I – 60 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV + 70 15 0 LT1028 OUT TO V+ V+ 90 I +IN to V+ 10mA/DIV Tested Device: LT1028 LT1028 –IN TO V+ V+ 70 10mA/DIV V 30 90 + + + 35 5mA/DIV Similar Devices: LT1028, LT1128 10mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH1028, RH1128 –10 LT1028 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 500mV/DIV AN141 G45 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-8 Application Note 141 9 8 7 6 5 9 8 LT1078 +IN TO V+ I 3 + V 1 0 0 + V+ – – 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 6 + 5 4 – – 5 5 + 1 V– 4 5 0 5 I V 10 – – V– + 6 20 8 8 40 9 9 45 10 10 400 V 350 + + – AN141 G50 300 V– 250 200 45 100 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 58V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 120µA. 50 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2V/DIV 40 V– 30 25 – 10 5 0 V –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV 8 + I 6 + – 4 – + 2 V + – 0 LT1078 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT –2 –4 –6 – –8 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 100mV/DIV 1 AN141 G53 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) + 10 V– I 20 V AN141 G51 V+ + AN141 G52 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) – – OUT to V– LT1078 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED 15 150 0 50 LT1078 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY 35 – I –IN to V– 5mA/DIV 450 V+ 50 –5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5V/DIV AN141 G49 + 30 7 –5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5V/DIV 2 LT1078 OUT TO V– 25 35 +IN to V– 50µA/DIV 15 7 I 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV AN141 G48 + 3 6 500 0 OUT to V+ LT1078 –IN TO V– 2 – 0 2 5mA/DIV V 4 – 20 10 0 1mA/DIV 1mA/DIV 3 – 25 AN141 G47 + I + V OUT –IN to V+ LT1078 +IN TO V– 2 I – 30 1 AN141 G46 1 + 35 15 +IN to V+ 0 40 2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV LT1078 OUT TO V+ V+ 45 3 0 2 + V 50 THIS INPUT COULD ALSO APPEAR SIMILAR TO THE +IN TO V+ RESPONSE SHOWN. INPUT CHARACTERISTIC DEPENDS ON VOS TRIMMING RESULT. I 7 4 2 LT1078 –IN TO V+ V+ Tested Device: LT1078 2mA/DIV 1mA/DIV 10 THIS INPUT COULD ALSO APPEAR SIMILAR TO THE –IN TO V+ RESPONSE SHOWN. INPUT CHARACTERISTIC DEPENDS ON VOS TRIMMING RESULT. 1mA/DIV 10 Similar Devices: LT1078, LT1079 5mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH1078 –10 DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC WITH POWER SUPPLIED –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 1V/DIV 2 3 4 5 AN141 G54 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-9 Application Note 141 Similar Devices: LM108 Tested Device: LM308 20 20 50 18 18 45 16 16 40 14 14 12 12 8 I 6 + V 4 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 V+ + – 35 LM308A –IN TO V+ 10 + 8 I 6 + 4 – V 2 2 2.5 3 3.5 500mV/DIV 4 4.5 0 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 V+ LM308A OUT TO V+ V+ 20 + – 2 2.5 3 3.5 500mV/DIV 4 4.5 0 5 0 5 10 10 10 15 15 15 20 20 40 V 45 50 – + + – I 450 400 V 350 + V+ + – I V 45 50 V– 0 2 4 6 8 – 10 12 14 16 18 20 2V/DIV 4 4.5 50 45 40 5mA/DIV + I – – V– V + 30 35 V– 40 45 50 –5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 500mV/DIV AN141 G51a 30 25 5 0 10 8 V+ – V– I 20 10 OUT to V– LM308A V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED + V 5 LM308A OUT TO V– 25 + + 4 – + 2 2 V + – 0 –2 –8 AN141 G53a V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) + – –6 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV I 6 –4 – AN141 G52a V+ to V– (Normal Supply) 20 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 65V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 270µA. 2 2.5 3 3.5 500mV/DIV AN141 G50a LM308A V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY 150 50 1 1.5 –IN to V– 200 100 – AN141 G49a 250 0 30 35 – 300 + 40 5mA/DIV 500 25 35 V– –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV +IN to V– LM308A –IN TO V– 2mA/DIV 35 0.5 AN141 G48a 5 I 0 – OUT to V+ 5 30 V AN141 G47a 0 LM308A +IN TO V– + OUT 5 0 25 I – 10 –IN to V+ 5mA/DIV 5mA/DIV 25 15 – AN141 G46a +IN to V+ 50µA/DIV 30 5mA/DIV LM308A +IN TO V+ 10 0 2mA/DIV 2mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH108 LM308A +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC WITH POWER SUPPLIED –10 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 500mV/DIV 1 1.5 2 2.5 AN141 G54a +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-10 Application Note 141 10 10 LT1056 +IN TO V+ I 8 + 7 V 6 5 + V + 4 + 6 V 5 4 80 – – 30 20 1 1 10 0 – V 20 25 + – + 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 V– 30 35 40 + 60 I 70 80 45 90 50 30 LT1056 –IN TO V– 50 40 100 –5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 500mV/DIV V – – I 4.5 4.0 V 0.5mA/DIV 3.5 + – 3.0 + – V+ 50 45 40 35 V– SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 55V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 7mA. 1.5 30 25 0.5 5 0 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5V/DIV + –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV AN141 G60 2.5 LT1056 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED 2.0 V+ + – V– I V + – 1.0 – + 0.5 V + – 0 –1.0 –1.5 – LT1056 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC WITH POWER SUPPLIED –2.5 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 10V/DIV –2.0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 2 AN141 G62 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) I 1.5 –0.5 + AN141 G61 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) V OUT to V– 15 10 5 100 – V– 90 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV I – 80 + 20 1.0 0 + 60 AN141 G59 LT1056 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY 2.5 2.0 LT1056 OUT TO V– 50 –IN to V– 5mA/DIV 5.0 40 70 V– AN141 G58 +IN to V– 2 AN141 G57 10mA/DIV 15 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV OUT to V+ 0.5mA/DIV I 10mA/DIV 5mA/DIV 5 0 –IN to V+ LT1056 +IN TO V– 10 – AN141 G56 AN141 G55 +IN to V+ 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10V/DIV + V 40 2 0 OUT 50 3 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10V/DIV I – 60 2 0 + 70 3 0 LT1056 OUT TO V+ V+ 90 I 7 – 100 + 8 – Tested Device: LT1056 LT1056 –IN TO V+ V+ 9 1mA/DIV 9 1mA/DIV Similar Devices: LT1055, LT1056, LT1057 10mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH1056 AN141 G63 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-11 Application Note 141 100 100 LM118 +IN TO V+ 90 I 80 60 50 – 40 + 60 V 50 40 80 – – 20 20 10 10 10 0 0 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 500mV/DIV 4 4.5 0 15 – V 20 25 + + 30 20 V 25 15 V– + 30 40 40 45 45 45 50 50 V 7 + – 6 50 LM118 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY V– 5 4 45 40 25 2 10 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2V/DIV AN141 G70 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) 2.5 LM118 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED 2.0 V+ + – V– I 20 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 45V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 4.2mA. AN141 G69 OUT to V– 30 3 1 –5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 500mV/DIV –IN to V– 35 – + AN141 G68 AN141 G67 5mA/DIV 8 + V+ 50 0.5mA/DIV I 9 V– V 30 35 10 – 25 40 –5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 500mV/DIV I – 20 35 –5 –4.5 –4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 500mV/DIV + 10 – – LM118 OUT TO V– 5 35 +IN to V– 1mA/DIV I 15 V– 0 + 10 – AN141 G66 5mA/DIV I V I 1.5 + – 1.0 – + 0.5 V + – 0 –0.5 + –1.0 –1.5 – 5 –2.0 0 –2.5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 2 AN141 G71 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) 2 OUT to V+ LM118 –IN TO V– 5 5mA/DIV 5mA/DIV 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV –IN to V+ LM118 +IN TO V– 5 0 AN141 G65 AN141 G64 +IN to V+ 0 0 5 – 40 20 2 2.5 3 3.5 500mV/DIV + V OUT 50 30 1.5 I – 60 30 0.5 1 + 70 30 0 LM118 OUT TO V+ V+ 90 I 70 – 100 + 80 10mA/DIV V Tested Device: LM118 LM118 –IN TO V+ V+ 90 V+ + + 70 10mA/DIV Similar Devices: LM118 10mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH118 LM118 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC WITH POWER SUPPLIED –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 1V/DIV 2 3 4 5 AN141 G72 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-12 Application Note 141 50 50 LT1498 +IN TO V+ 45 I 40 30 25 V 40 – 20 30 25 50 + V 20 – 10 5 5 5 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 0 2 5 10 15 15 15 20 20 45 50 + – +IN to V– I 8 V 7 + V+ + – 6 50 – V 50 45 40 30 25 2 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2V/DIV – 5mA/DIV 25 30 V– V + LT1498 OUT TO V– 35 V– 40 + 45 50 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV AN141 G87 5 0 OUT to V– 25 LT1498 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED 20 V+ + – V– I V + 10 – + 5 1 V + – 0 –5 –20 AN141 G89 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) + – –15 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 100mV/DIV I 15 –10 – AN141 G88 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) – – 20 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV 20 15 2 I AN141 G86 3 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 43V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 3.6mA. – + –IN to V– LT1498 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY 4 0 V AN141 G85 5 1 I 45 35 – + 30 40 V– 5mA/DIV 9 25 35 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 500mV/DIV 10 LT1498 –IN TO V– 5mA/DIV V 40 + 5mA/DIV 5 10 – 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 0 5 I – AN141 G84 10 35 + V OUT to V+ 0 0 30 0 –IN to V+ LT1498 +IN TO V– OUT AN141 G83 AN141 G82 25 – 20 15 2 I 25 10 +IN to V+ 5mA/DIV 30 15 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV + 35 – 10 0 V+ 40 I + LT1498 OUT TO V+ 45 15 0 1mA/DIV Tested Device: LT1498 LT1498 –IN TO V+ V+ 35 – 5mA/DIV V 45 + + + 35 5mA/DIV Similar Devices: LT1498, LT1499 5mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH1498, RH1499 LT1498 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC WITH POWER SUPPLIED –25 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 500mV/DIV 1 1.5 2 2.5 AN141 G90 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-13 Application Note 141 50 50 LT1814 +IN TO V+ 45 I 40 + V 30 25 45 V+ + 40 – – 20 30 25 50 45 + 40 I + V 20 35 – – 30 25 LT1814 OUT TO V+ V+ 20 + 15 15 15 10 10 10 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 0 LT1814 +IN TO V– 10 I 15 – V 20 25 5 + I V– 30 20 25 V 5 15 V– + 30 25 30 35 35 40 40 40 45 45 45 50 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV V 2mA/DIV 14 + – 45 40 35 – 12 50 LT1814 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY V – 5mA/DIV 16 + V+ 10 8 30 25 15 4 10 0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN BEGINS AT 20V. AT BREAKDOWN ISUPPLY INCREASES TO 12mA. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1V/DIV V– 7 8 9 10 – + LT1814 OUT TO V– –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV 5 0 25 20 V– I V + 10 – + 5 V + – 0 –5 –20 AN141 G107 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) + – –15 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 100mV/DIV I 15 –10 – AN141 G106 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) V AN141 G105 V+ 20 6 2 – – OUT to V– LT1814 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED + 2 I –IN to V– 5mA/DIV I + AN141 G104 AN141 G103 18 50 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV +IN to V– 20 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 20 35 50 – 0 10 – – + V AN141 G102 + 15 – + 0 OUT OUT to V+ LT1814 –IN TO V– 10 5mA/DIV 5 – –IN to V+ 5mA/DIV 0 2 I AN141 G101 AN141 G100 +IN to V+ 5mA/DIV Tested Device: LT1814 LT1814 –IN TO V+ V+ 35 5mA/DIV 35 5mA/DIV Similar Devices: LT1814 5mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH1814 LT1814 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS WITH POWER SUPPLIED –25 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 0.5V/DIV 1 1.5 2 2.5 AN141 G108 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-14 Application Note 141 100 100 LT1007 +IN TO V+ I 80 + 70 V 60 50 90 + V + 80 – – 40 60 + I 50 40 + V – 80 + 30 20 10 10 10 0 0 2 2.5 3 3.5 500mV/DIV 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 500mV/DIV 4 4.5 0 5 20 10 30 30 40 40 80 V 90 – + – 100 V 1.0 + – 0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1V/DIV + – 7 70 10mA/DIV I V+ 60 50 8 10 9 10 – V– 5mA/DIV 50 0 V + –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV AN141 G114 OUT to V– 25 20 V– I V – 45 V+ + I – 40 + + I 15 + – 10 – + 5 V + – 0 –5 –10 –15 – –20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV 2 LT1007 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT –25 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 500mV/DIV AN141 G116 AN141 G115 V+ to V– (Normal Supply) 35 V– LT1007 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED 40 20 V + 30 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV 30 – LT1007 OUT TO V– 25 AN141 G113 80 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN 3.5 BEGINS AT 56V. AT BREAKDOWN INCREASES TO 3.6mA. I 3.0 SUPPLY 1.5 V – – 20 –IN to V– 90 2.0 I AN141 G112 100 2.5 + 60 90 LT1007 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY 4.0 50 80 V– +IN to V– 4.5 15 LT1007 –IN TO V– 70 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV 5.0 0 5mA/DIV 70 100 10mA/DIV 5 20 + 2 AN141 G111 0 I 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV OUT to V+ 10 LT1007 +IN TO V– – AN141 G110 0 60 0 –IN to V+ 10 50 + V 40 20 1.5 OUT 50 30 0.5 1 I – 60 20 AN141 G109 10mA/DIV LT1007 OUT TO V+ V+ 70 – +IN to V+ 0.5mA/DIV 90 30 0 Tested Device: LT1007 100 LT1007 –IN TO V+ V+ 70 10mA/DIV 90 10mA/DIV Similar Devices: OP27, OP37, LT1007, LT1037 10mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH27, RH37 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) 1 1.5 2 2.5 AN141 G117 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. AN141-15 Application Note 141 50 50 LT6200 +IN TO V+ I 40 + 35 V 30 25 V+ + I 35 – 20 50 + 40 – + 30 V 25 20 LT6200 OUT TO V+ V+ 40 + 35 – – 15 10 5 5 5 0 2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV AN141 G118 0 V 20 – + I 15 V– 25 30 0 5 20 V 25 10 – – 15 V– 20 + 30 35 40 40 40 45 45 45 50 50 40 40 SUPPLY VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN 35 BEGINS AT 20V. AT BREAKDOWN INCREASES TO 15mA. I 30 SUPPLY I 20 15 V 10 + – 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1V/DIV + – 7 5mA/DIV 25 35 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV V+ 30 25 – V 10 8 5 9 10 0 20 V– I 20 15 V– 25 V+ + + 10 – + 5 V + – 0 –5 –20 1 AN141 G125 V– to V+ (Reverse Supply) + – –15 – AN141 G124 I 15 –10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 100mV/DIV V+ to V– (Normal Supply) + AN141 G123 5mA/DIV 45 V OUT to V– LT6200 V– TO V+ REVERSE POWER APPLIED 45 – V– –IN to V– LT6200 V+ TO V– NORMAL POWER SUPPLY I – AN141 G122 +IN to V– 50 50 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV AN141 G121 + 30 35 –2 –1.8 –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 200mV/DIV LT6200 OUT TO V– 25 35 50 2 AN141 G120 + 10 – 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV OUT to V+ LT6200 –IN TO V– 5 5mA/DIV 15 – AN141 G119 + I 10 0 –IN to V+ LT6200 +IN TO V– 5 0 2 5mA/DIV 0 + V 20 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 200mV/DIV OUT 25 15 0 I – 30 10 +IN to V+ 5mA/DIV 45 15 0 5mA/DIV Tested Device: LT6200 LT6200 –IN TO V+ V+ 45 5mA/DIV 45 5mA/DIV Similar Devices: LT6200 5mA/DIV Amplifier Type: RH6200 –25 LT6200 +IN TO –IN DIFFERENTIAL INPUT –1 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 200mV/DIV AN141 G126 +IN to –IN (Differential Input) an141f AN141-16 Linear Technology Corporation LT 1013 • PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2013