INTERSIL CD80C88

[ /Title
(80C88
)
/Subject
(CMO
S 8/16Bit
Microprocessor)
/Autho
r ()
/Keywords
(Intersil
Corporation,
8/16
Bit uP,
microprocessor, 8
bit, 16
bit, 8bit, 16bit,
8088,
PC)
/Creator ()
80C88
CMOS 8/16-Bit Microprocessor
March 1997
Features
Description
• Compatible with NMOS 8088
The Intersil 80C88 high performance 8/16-bit CMOS CPU is
manufactured using a self-aligned silicon gate CMOS process (Scaled SAJI IV). Two modes of operation, MINimum
for small systems and MAXimum for larger applications such
as multiprocessing, allow user configuration to achieve the
highest performance level.
• Direct Software Compatibility with 80C86, 8086, 8088
• 8-Bit Data Bus Interface; 16-Bit Internal Architecture
• Completely Static CMOS Design
- DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5MHz (80C88)
- DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8MHz (80C88-2)
• Low Power Operation
- ICCSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500µA Maximum
- ICCOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10mA/MHz Maximum
• 1 Megabyte of Direct Memory Addressing Capability
Full TTL compatibility (with the exception of CLOCK) and
industry-standard operation allow use of existing NMOS
8088 hardware and Intersil CMOS peripherals.
Complete software compatibility with the 80C86, 8086, and
8088 microprocessors allows use of existing software in new
designs.
• 24 Operand Addressing Modes
• Bit, Byte, Word, and Block Move Operations
• 8-Bit and 16-Bit Signed/Unsigned Arithmetic
• Bus-Hold Circuitry Eliminates Pull-up Resistors
• Wide Operating Temperature Ranges
- C80C88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0oC to + 70oC
- I80C88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to +85oC
- M80C88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to +125oC
Ordering Information
PACKAGE
Plastic DIP
PLCC
CERDIP
SMD#
LCC
SMD#
TEMPERATURE RANGE
5MHz
8MHz
PKG. NO.
0oC to +70oC
CP80C88
CP80C88-2
E40.6
-40oC to +85oC
IP80C88
IP80C88-2
E40.6
0oC to +70oC
CS80C88
CS80C88-2
N44.65
-40oC to +85oC
lS80C88
IS80C88-2
N44.65
0oC to +70oC
CD80C88
CD80C88-2
F40.6
-40oC to +85oC
ID80C88
ID80C88-2
F40.6
-55oC to +125oC
MD80C88/B
MD80C88-2/B
F40.6
-55oC to +125oC
5962-8601601QA
-
F40.6
-55oC to +125oC
MR80C88/B
MR80C88-2/B
J44.A
-55oC to +125oC
5962-8601601XA
-
J44.A
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
http://www.intersil.com or 407-727-9207 | Copyright © Intersil Corporation 1999
3-1
File Number
2949.1
80C88
Pinouts
80C88 (DIP)
TOP VIEW
GND
1
MIN
MODE
40 VCC
MAX
MODE
A14
2
39 A15
A13
3
38 A16/S3
A12
4
37 A17/S4
A11
5
36 A18/S5
A10
6
35 A19/S6
A9
7
34 SS0
A8
8
33 MN/MX
AD7
9
32 RD
AD6
10
31 HOLD
(RQ/GT0)
AD5
11
30 HLDA
(RQ/GT1)
AD4
12
29 WR
(LOCK)
AD3
13
28 IO/M
(S2)
AD2
14
27 DT/R
(S1)
AD1
15
26 DEN
(S0)
AD0
16
25 ALE
(QS0)
NMI
17
24 INTA
(QS1)
INTR
18
23 TEST
CLK
19
22 READY
GND
20
21 RESET
(HIGH)
A10
A9
A10
A9
NC
VCC
A17/S4
A18/S5
GND
A17/S4
A18/S5
NC
VCC
A14
A15
A14
GND
A13
A16/S3
A13
A12
A15
A11
A12
A11
6
5
4
3
2
1 44 43 42 41 40
MAX MODE
80C88
MIN MODE
80C88
A16/S3
80C88 (PLCC/LCC)
TOP VIEW
7
39
8
38
NC
A19/S6
NC
A19/S6
A8
A8
9
37
SS0
(HIGH)
AD7
AD7
10
36
MN/MX
MN/MX
AD6
AD6
11
35
RD
RD
AD5
AD5
12
34
HOLD
RQ/GT0
AD4
AD4
13
33
HLDA
RQ/GT1
AD3
AD3
14
32
WR
LOCK
AD2
AD2
15
31
IO/M
S2
AD1
AD0
AD1
AD0
16
30
17
29
DT/R
DEN
S1
S0
READY
TEST
INTA
ALE
READY
TEST
QS1
QS0
NC
GND
GND
RESET
CLK
CLK
NC
3-2
RESET
INTR
INTR
NC
NMI
NC
NMI
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
MIN MODE
80C88
MAX MODE
80C88
80C88
Functional Diagram
EXECUTION UNIT
REGISTER FILE
BUS INTERFACE UNIT
RELOCATION
REGISTER FILE
DATA POINTER
AND
INDEX REGS
(8 WORDS)
SEGMENT REGISTERS
AND
INSTRUCTION POINTER
(5 WORDS)
SSO/HIGH
16-BIT ALU
4
A19/S6. . . A16/S3
8
AD7-AD0
8
A8-A15
3
INTA, RD, WR
4
DT/R, DEN, ALE, IO/M
FLAGS
BUS
INTERFACE
UNIT
4-BYTE
INSTRUCTION
QUEUE
TEST
INTR
NMI
RQ/GT0, 1
LOCK
CONTROL AND TIMING
2
HOLD
HLDA
CLK
2
QS0, QS1
3
S2, S1, S0
3
RESET READY MN/MX GND
VCC
MEMORY INTERFACE
C-BUS
B-BUS
INSTRUCTION
STREAM BYTE
QUEUE
ES
CS
BUS
INTERFACE
UNIT
SS
DS
IP
EXECUTION UNIT
CONTROL SYSTEM
A-BUS
AH
BH
AL
BL
CL
CH
EXECUTION
UNIT
ARITHMETIC/
LOGIC UNIT
DL
DH
SP
BP
SI
FLAGS
DI
3-3
80C88
Pin Description
The following pin function descriptions are for 80C88 systems in either minimum or maximum mode. The “local bus” in these
descriptions is the direct multiplexed bus interface connection to the 80C88 (without regard to additional bus buffers).
SYMBOL
PIN
NUMBER
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
AD7-AD0
9-16
I/O
ADDRESS DATA BUS: These lines constitute the time multiplexed memory/IO address (T1) and
data (T2,T3,Tw and T4) bus. These lines are active HIGH and are held at high impedance to the last
valid level during interrupt acknowledge and local bus “hold acknowledge” or “grant sequence”
A15-A8
2-8, 39
O
ADDRESS BUS: These lines provide address bits 8 through 15 for the entire bus cycle (T1-T4).
These lines do not have to be latched by ALE to remain valid. A15-A8 are active HIGH and are held
at high impedance to the last valid logic level during interrupt acknowledge and local bus “hold
acknowledge” or “grant sequence”.
A19/S6,
A18/S5,
A17/S4,
A16/S3
35
36
37
38
O
O
O
O
ADDRESS/STATUS: During T1, these are the four most
significant address lines for memory operations. During
I/O operations, these lines are LOW. During memory and
I/O operations, status information is available on these
lines during T2, T3, TW and T4. S6 is always LOW. The
status of the interrupt enable flag bit (S5) is updated at the
beginning of each clock cycle. S4 and S3 are encoded as
shown.
This information indicates which segment register is
presently being used for data accessing.
These lines are held at high impedance to the last valid
logic level during local bus “hold acknowledge” or “grant
Sequence”.
S4
S3
CHARACTERISTICS
0
0
Alternate Data
0
1
Stack
1
0
Code or None
1
1
Data
RD
32
O
READ: Read strobe indicates that the processor is performing a memory or I/O read cycle, depending on the state of the IO/M pin or S2. This signal is used to read devices which reside on the 80C88
local bus. RD is active LOW during T2, T3, Tw of any read cycle, and is guaranteed to remain HIGH
in T2 until the 80C88 local bus has floated.
This line is held at a high impedance logic one state during “hold acknowledge” or “grant sequence”.
READY
22
I
READY: is the acknowledgment from the address memory or I/O device that it will complete the data
transfer. The RDY signal from memory or I/O is synchronized by the 82C84A clock generator to from
READY. This signal is active HIGH. The 80C88 READY input is not synchronized. Correct operation
is not guaranteed if the set up and hold times are not met.
INTR
18
I
INTERRUPT REQUEST: is a level triggered input which is sampled during the last clock cycle of
each instruction to determine if the processor should enter into an interrupt acknowledge operation.
A subroutine is vectored to via an interrupt vector lookup table located in system memory. It can be
internally masked by software resetting the interrupt enable bit. INTR is internally synchronized. This
signal is active HIGH.
TEST
23
I
TEST: input is examined by the “wait for test” instruction. If the TEST input is LOW, execution continues, otherwise the processor waits in an “idle” state. This input is synchronized internally during
each clock cycle on the leading edge of CLK.
NMI
17
I
NONMASKABLE INTERRUPT: is an edge triggered input which causes a type 2 interrupt. A subroutine is vectored to via an interrupt vector lookup table located in system memory. NMI is not
maskable internally by software. A transition from a LOW to HIGH initiates the interrupt at the end
of the current instruction. This input is internally synchronized.
RESET
21
I
RESET: cases the processor to immediately terminate its present activity. The signal must transition
LOW to HIGH and remain active HIGH for at least four clock cycles. It restarts execution, as described in the instruction set description, when RESET returns LOW. RESET is internally synchronized.
CLK
19
I
CLOCK: provides the basic timing for the processor and bus controller. It is asymmetric with a 33%
duty cycle to provide optimized internal timing.
VCC
40
VCC: is the +5V power supply pin. A 0.1µF capacitor between pins 20 and 40 recommended for decoupling.
GND
1, 20
GND: are the ground pins (both pins must be connected to system ground). A 0.1µF capacitor between pins 1 and 20 is recommended for decoupling.
MN/MX
33‘
I
MINIMUM/MAXIMUM: indicates the mode in which the processor is to operate. The two modes are
discussed in the following sections.
3-4
80C88
Pin Description (Continued)
The following pin function descriptions are for 80C88 system in minimum mode (i.e., MN/MX = VCC). Only the pin functions
which are unique to the minimum mode are described; all other pin functions are as described above.
MINIMUM MODE SYSTEM
SYMBOL
PIN
NUMBER
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
IO/M
28
O
STATUS LINE: is an inverted maximum mode S2. It is used to distinguish a memory access from
an I/O access. IO/M becomes valid in the T4 preceding a bus cycle and remains valid until the final
T4 of the cycle (I/O = HIGH, M = LOW). IO/M is held to a high impedance logic one during local bus
“hold acknowledge”.
WR
29
O
Write: strobe indicates that the processor is performing a write memory or write I/O cycle, depending on the state of the IO/M signal. WR is active for T2, T3, and Tw of any write cycle. It is active
LOW, and is held to high impedance logic one during local bus “hold acknowledge”.
INTA
24
O
INTA: is used as a read strobe for interrupt acknowledge cycles. It is active LOW during T2, T3 and
Tw of each interrupt acknowledge cycle. Note that INTA is never floated.
ALE
25
O
ADDRESS LATCH ENABLE: is provided by the processor to latch the address into the
82C82/82C83 address latch. It is a HIGH pulse active during clock low of T1 of any bus cycle. Note
that ALE is never floated.
DT/R
27
O
DATA TRANSMIT/RECEIVE: is needed in a minimum system that desires to use an 82C86/82C87
data bus transceiver. It is used to control the direction of data flow through the transceiver. Logically,
DT/R is equivalent to S1 in the maximum mode, and its timing is the same as for IO/M (T = HIGH,
R = LOW). This signal is held to a high impedance logic one during local bus “hold acknowledge”.
DEN
26
O
DATA ENABLE: is provided as an output enable for the 82C86/82C87 in a minimum system which
uses the transceiver. DEN is active LOW during each memory and I/O access, and for INTA cycles.
For a read or INTA cycle, it is active from the middle of T2 until the middle of T4, while for a write
cycle, it is active from the beginning of T2 until the middle of T4. DEN is held to high impedance logic
one during local bus “hold acknowledge”.
HOLD,
HLDA
31
30
I
O
HOLD: indicates that another master is requesting a local bus “hold”. To be acknowledged, HOLD
must be active HIGH. The processor receiving the “hold” request will issue HLDA (HIGH) as an
acknowledgment, in the middle of a T4 or T1 clock cycle. Simultaneous with the issuance of HLDA
the processor will float the local bus and control lines. After HOLD is detected as being LOW, the
processor lowers HLDA, and when the processor needs to run another cycle, it will again drive the
local bus and control lines.
Hold is not an asynchronous input. External synchronization should be provided if the system cannot
otherwise guarantee the set up time.
SS0
34
O
STATUS LINE: is logically equivalent to S0
in the maximum mode. The combination of
SS0, IO/M and DT/R allows the system to
completely decode the current bus cycle
status. SS0 is held to high impedance logic
one during local bus “hold acknowledge”.
3-5
IO/M
DT/R
SS0
CHARACTERISTICS
1
0
0
Interrupt Acknowledge
1
0
1
Read I/O Port
1
1
0
Write I/O Port
1
1
1
Halt
0
0
0
Code Access
0
0
1
Read Memory
0
1
0
Write Memory
0
1
1
Passive
80C88
Pin Description (Continued)
The following pin function descriptions are for 80C88 system in maximum mode (i.e., MN/MX = GND). Only the pin functions
which are unique to the maximum mode are described; all other pin functions are as described above.
MAXIMUM MODE SYSTEM
SYMBOL
PIN
NUMBER
TYPE
S0
S1
S2
26
27
28
O
O
O
DESCRIPTION
STATUS: is active during clock high of T4, T1 and
T2, and is returned to the passive state (1, 1, 1)
during T3 or during Tw when READY is HIGH. This
status is used by the 82C88 bus controller to generate all memory and I/O access control signals. Any
change by S2, S1 or S0 during T4 is used to
indicate the beginning of a bus cycle, and the return
to the passive state in T3 or Tw is used to indicate
the end of a bus cycle.
These signals are held at a high impedance logic
one state during “grant sequence”.
S2
S1
S0
CHARACTERISTICS
0
0
0
Interrupt Acknowledge
0
0
1
Read I/O Port
0
1
0
Write I/O Port
0
1
1
Halt
1
0
0
Code Access
1
0
1
Read Memory
1
1
0
Write Memory
1
1
1
Passive
RQ/GT0,
RQ/GT1
31
30
I/O
REQUEST/GRANT: pins are used by other local bus masters to force the processor to release the
local bus at the end of the processor’s current bus cycle. Each pin is bidirectional with RQ/GT0
having higher priority than RQ/GT1. RQ/GT has internal bus-hold high circuitry and, if unused, may
be left unconnected. The request/grant sequence is as follows (see RQ/GT Timing Sequence):
1. A pulse of one CLK wide from another local bus master indicates a local bus request (“hold”) to
the 80C88 (pulse 1).
2. During a T4 or T1 clock cycle, a pulse one clock wide from the 80C88 to the requesting master
(pulse 2), indicates that the 80C88 has allowed the local bus to float and that it will enter the
“grant sequence” state at the next CLK. The CPUs bus interface unit is disconnected logically
from the local bus during “grant sequence”.
3. A pulse one CLK wide from the requesting master indicates to the 80C88 (pulse 3) that the “hold”
request is about to end and that the 80C88 can reclaim the local bus at the next CLK. The CPU
then enters T4 (or T1 if no bus cycles pending).
Each master-master exchange of the local bus is a sequence of three pulses. There must be one
idle CLK cycle after bus exchange. Pulses are active LOW.
If the request is made while the CPU is performing a memory cycle, it will release the local bus during
T4 of the cycle when all the following conjugations are met:
1. Request occurs on or before T2.
2. Current cycle is not the low bit of a word.
3. Current cycle is not the first acknowledge of an interrupt acknowledge sequence.
4. A locked instruction is not currently executing.
If the local bus is idle when the request is made the two possible events will follow:
1. Local bus will be released during the next clock.
2. A memory cycle will start within 3 clocks. Now the four rules for a currently active memory cycle
apply with condition number 1 already satisfied.
LOCK
29
O
LOCK: indicates that other system bus masters are not to gain control of the system bus while
LOCK is active (LOW). The LOCK signal is activated by the “LOCK” prefix instruction and remains
active until the completion of the next instruction. This signal is active LOW, and is held at a high
impedance logic one state during “grant sequence”. In Max Mode, LOCK is automatically generated
during T2 of the first INTA cycle and removed during T2 of the second INTA cycle.
QS1, QS0
24, 25
O
QUEUE STATUS: provide status to allow external
tracking of the internal 80C88 instruction queue.
The queue status is valid during the CLK cycle after
which the queue operation is performed. Note that
the queue status never goes to a high impedance
statue (floated).
-
34
O
QS1 QS0
CHARACTERISTICS
0
0
No Operation
0
1
First Byte of Opcode from
Queue
1
0
Empty the Queue
1
1
Subsequent Byte from
Queue
Pin 34 is always a logic one in the maximum mode and is held at a high impedance logic one during
a “grant sequence”.
3-6
80C88
Functional Description
Static Operation
All 80C88 circuitry is static in design. Internal registers,
counters and latches are static and require not refresh as
with dynamic circuit design. This eliminates the minimum
operating frequency restriction placed on other microprocessors. The CMOS 80C88 can operate from DC to the
specified upper frequency limit. The processor clock may be
stopped in either state (high/low) and held there indefinitely.
This type of operation is especially useful for system debug
or power critical applications.
as a linear array of up to 1 million bytes, addressed as
00000(H) to FFFFF(H). The memory is logically divided into
code, data, extra, and stack segments of up to 64K bytes
each, with each segment falling on 16 byte boundaries. (See
Figure 1).
7
0
FFFFFH
64K-BIT
CODE SEGMENT
XXXXOH
The 80C88 can be single stepped using only the CPU clock.
This state can be maintained as long as is necessary. Single
step clock operation allows simple interface circuitry to
provide critical information for start-up.
STACK SEGMENT
+ OFFSET
SEGMENT
REGISTER FILE
Static design also allows very low frequency operation (as
low as DC). In a power critical situation, this can provide
extremely low power operation since 80C88 power dissipation is directly related to operation frequency. As the system
frequency is reduced, so is the operating power until, at a
DC input frequency, the power requirement is the 80C88
standby current.
SS
LSB
BYTE
DS
MSB
CS
WORD
DATA SEGMENT
ES
EXTRA SEGMENT
Internal Architecture
00000H
The internal functions of the 80C88 processor are
partitioned logically into two processing units. The first is the
Bus Interface Unit (BIU) and the second is the Execution
Unit (EU) as shown in the CPU block diagram.
These units can interact directly but for the most part
perform as separate asynchronous operational processors.
The bus interface unit provides the functions related to
instruction fetching and queuing, operand fetch and store,
and address relocation. This unit also provides the basic bus
control. The overlap of instruction pre-fetching provided by
this unit serves to increase processor performance through
improved bus bandwidth utilization. Up to 4 bytes of the
instruction stream can be queued while waiting for decoding
and execution.
FIGURE 14. MEMORY ORGANIZATION
All memory references are made relative to base addresses
contained in high speed segment registers. The segment
types were chosen based on the addressing needs of
programs. The segment register to be selected is automatically chosen according to specific rules as shown in Table 1.
All information in one segment type share the same logical
attributes (e.g., code or data). By structuring memory into
relocatable areas of similar characteristics and by automatically selecting segment registers, programs are shorter,
faster, and more structured.
TABLE 6.
The instruction stream queuing mechanism allows the BIU
to keep the memory utilized very efficiently. Whenever there
is space for at least 1 byte in the queue, the BIU will attempt
a byte fetch memory cycle. This greatly reduces “dead time”:
on the memory bus. The queue acts as a First-In-First-Out
(FIFO) buffer, from which the EU extracts instruction bytes
as required. If the queue is empty (following a branch
instruction, for example), the first byte into the queue
immediately becomes available to the EU.
The processor provides a 20-bit address to memory which
locates the byte being referenced. The memory is organized
SEGMENT
REGISTER
USED
Instructions
CODE (CS)
Automatic with all instruction
prefetch.
Stack
STACK (SS)
All stack pushes and pops.
Memory references relative to
BP base register except data
references.
Local Data
The execution unit receives pre-fetched instructions from the
BIU queue and provides unrelocated operand addresses to
the BIU. Memory operands are passed through the BIU for
processing by the EU, which passes results to the BIU for
storage.
Memory Organization
MEMORY
REFERENCE
NEED
External Data
(Global)
DATA (DS)
EXTRA (ES)
SEGMENT
SELECTION RULE
Data references when: relative
to stack, destination of string operation, or explicitly overridden.
Destination of string
operations: Explicitly selected
using a segment override.
Word (16-bit) operands can be located on even or odd
address boundaries. For address and data operands, the
least significant byte of the word is stored in the lower valued
address location and the most significant byte in the next
higher address location.
3-7
80C88
The BIU will automatically execute two fetch or write cycles
for 16-bit operands.
Certain locations in memory are reserved for specific CPU
operations. (See Figure 2). Locations from addresses
FFFF0H through FFFFFH are reserved for operations
including a jump to initial system initialization routine. Following RESET, the CPU will always begin execution at location
FFFF0H where the jump must be located. Locations 00000H
through 003FFH are reserved for interrupt operations. Each
of the 256 possible interrupt service routines is accessed
through its own pair of 16-bit pointers - segment address
pointer and offset address pointer. The first pointer, used as
the offset address, is loaded into the IP, and the second
pointer, which designates the base address, is loaded into
the CS. At this point program control is transferred to the
interrupt routine. The pointer elements are assumed to have
been stored at their respective places in reserved memory
prior to the occurrence of interrupts.
Minimum and Maximum Modes
The requirements for supporting minimum and maximum
80C88 systems are sufficiently different that they cannot be
done efficiently with 40 uniquely defined pins. Consequently,
the 80C88 is equipped with a strap pin (MN/MX) which
defines the system configuration. The definition of a certain
subset of the pins changes, dependent on the condition of
FFFFFH
FFFF0H
RESERVED
INTERRUPT
POINTERS
(27)
DEDICATED
INTERRUPT
POINTERS
(5)
The minimum mode 80C88 can be used with either a
muliplexed or demultiplexed bus. This architecture provides
the 80C88 processing power in a highly integrated form.
The demultiplexed mode requires one latch (for 64K addressability) or two latches (for a full megabyte of addressing).
An 82C86 or 82C87 transceiver can also be used if data bus
buffering is required. (See Figure 3). The 80C88 provides
DEN and DT/R to control the transceiver, and ALE to latch
the addresses. This configuration of the minimum mode provides the standard demultiplexed bus structure with heavy
bus buffering and relaxed bus timing requirements.
The maximum mode employs the 82C88 bus controller (See
Figure 4). The 82C88 decode status lines S0, S1 and S2,
and provides the system with all bus control signals. Moving
the bus control to the 82C88 provides better source and sink
current capability to the control lines, and frees the 80C88
pins for extended large system features. Hardware lock,
queue status, and two request/grant interfaces are provided
by the 80C88 in maximum mode. These features allow
coprocessors in local bus and remote bus configurations.
RESET BOOTSTRAP
PROGRAM JUMP
3FCH
TYPE 255 POINTER
(AVAILABLE)
084H
TYPE 33 POINTER
(AVAILABLE)
080H
TYPE 32 POINTER
(AVAILABLE)
07FH
TYPE 31 POINTER
(AVAILABLE)
014H
TYPE 5 POINTER
(RESERVED)
010H
TYPE 4 POINTER
OVERFLOW
00CH
TYPE 3 POINTER
1 BYTE INT INSTRUCTION
008H
TYPE 2 POINTER
NON MASKABLE
004H
TYPE 1 POINTER
SINGLE STEP
000H
TYPE 0 POINTER
DIVIDE ERROR
3FFH
AVAILABLE
INTERRUPT
POINTERS
(224)
the strap pin. When the MN/MX pin is strapped to GND, the
80C88 defines pins 24 through 31 and 34 in maximum
mode. When the MN/MX pins is strapped to VCC, the 80C88
generates bus control signals itself on pins 24 through 31
and 34.
CS BASE ADDRESS
16-BITS
FIGURE 15. RESERVED MEMORY LOCATIONS
3-8
IP OFFSET
80C88
VCC
CLK
RES
RESET
RDY
GND
CLOCK
GENERATOR
WR
INTA
80C88 DT/R
CPU
DEN
GND
C1
20
STB
ALE
1
VCC
VCC
MN/MX
IO/M
READY RD
82C84A/85
GND
AD0-AD7
A8-A19
GND
OE
ADDR/DATA
ADDRESS
82C82
LATCH
(1, 2 OR 3)
C2
40
C1 = C2 = 0.1µF
VCC
T
INTR
OE
DATA
82C86
TRANSCEIVER
EN
82C59A
INTERRUPT
CONTROL
OE
HM-65162
CMOS PROM
HS-6616
CMOS PROM
CS
RD WR
82CXX
PERIPHERALS
INT
IR0-7
FIGURE 16. DEMULTIPLEXED BUS CONFIGURATION
VCC
82C84A/85
CLK
RES
RDY
READY
S1
RESET
S2
CLK
GND
MN/MX
S0
MRDC
MWTC
S0
82C88 AMWC
S1
IORC
S2
IOWC
DEN
DT/R
AIOWC
ALE
INTA
GND
NC
NC
80C88
CPU
STB
1
GND
VCC
C1
20
GND
AD0-AD7
A8-A19
GND
ADDR/DATA
OE
ADDRESS
82C82
LATCH
(1, 2 OR 3)
C2
40
C1 = C2 = 0.1µF
VCC
T
INT
OE
DATA
82C86
TRANSCEIVER
OE
82C59A
INTERRUPT
CONTROL
HM-65162
CMOS PROM
IR0-7
FIGURE 17. FULLY BUFFERED SYSTEM USING BUS CONTROLLER
3-9
HS-6616
CMOS PROM
CS
RD WR
82CXX
PERIPHERALS
80C88
Bus Operation
The 80C88 address/data bus is broken into three parts: the
lower eight address/data bits (AD0-AD7), the middle eight
address bits (A8-A15), and the upper four address bits (A16A19). The address/data bits and the highest four address
bits are time multiplexed. This technique provides the most
efficient use of pins on the processor, permitting the use of
standard 40 lead package. The middle eight address bits are
not multiplexed, i.e., they remain valid throughout each bus
cycle. In addition, the bus can be demultiplexed at the
processor with a single address latch if a standard, nonmultiplexed bus is desired for the system.
Each processor bus cycle consists of at least four CLK
cycles. These are referred to as T1, T2, T3 and T4. (See
Figure 5). The address is emitted from the processor during
T1 and data transfer occurs on the bus during T3 and T4. T2
is used primarily for changing the direction of the bus during
read operations. In the event that a “Not Ready” indication is
given by the addressed device, “wait” states (TW) are
inserted between T3 and T4. Each inserted “wait” state is of
the same duration as a CLK cycle. Periods can occur
between 80C88 driven bus cycles. These are referred to as
“idle” states (TI), or inactive CLK cycles. The processor uses
these cycles for internal housekeeping.
During T1 of any bus cycle, the ALE (Address latch enable)
signal is emitted (by either the processor or the 82C88 bus
controller, depending on the MN/MX strap). At the trailing
edge of this pulse, a valid address and certain status information for the cycle may be latched.
Status bits S0, S1, and S2 are used by the bus controller, in
maximum mode, to identify the type of bus transaction
according to Table 2.
Status bits S3 through S6 are multiplexed with high order
address bits and are therefore valid during T2 through T4.
S3 and S4 indicate which segment register was used to this
bus cycle in forming the address according to Table 3.
S5 is a reflection of the PSW interrupt enable bit. S6 is
always equal to 0.
(4 + NWAIT) = TCY
T1
T2
T3
(4 + NWAIT) = TCY
TWAIT
T4
T1
T2
T3
TWAIT
T4
CLK
GOES INACTIVE IN THE STATE
JUST PRIOR TO T4
ALE
S2-S0
ADDR
STATUS
A19-A16
S6-S3
A15-A8
ADDR
ADDR DATA
A19-A16
S6-S3
A7-A0
BUS RESERVED
FOR DATA IN
A15-A8
D15-D0
VALID
A7-A0
DATA OUT (D7-D0)
RD, INTA
READY
READY
READY
WAIT
WAIT
DT/R
DEN
MEMORY ACCESS TIME
WP
FIGURE 18. BASIC SYSTEM TIMING
3-10
80C88
Bus Hold Circuitry
TABLE 7.
S2
S1
S0
0
0
0
Interrupt Acknowledge
0
0
1
Read I/O
0
1
0
Write I/O
0
1
1
Halt
1
0
0
Instruction Fetch
1
0
1
Read Data from Memory
1
1
0
Write Data to Memory
1
1
1
Passive (No Bus Cycle)
To avoid high current conditions caused by floating inputs to
CMOS devices and to eliminate the need for pull-up/down
resistors, “bus-hold” circuitry has been used on 80C88 pins
2-16, 26-32 and 34-39 (see Figure 6A and 6B). These
circuits maintain a valid logic state if no driving source is
present (i.e., an unconnected pin or a driving source which
goes to a high impedance state).
CHARACTERISTICS
To override the “bus hold” circuits, an external driver must be
capable of supplying 400µA minimum sink or source current
at valid input voltage levels. Since this “bus hold” circuitry is
active and not a “resistive” type element, the associated
power supply current is negligible. Power dissipation is significantly reduced when compared to the use of passive pullup resistors.
TABLE 8.
S4
S3
0
0
Alternate Data (Extra Segment)
0
1
Stack
1
0
Code or None
1
1
Data
BOND
PAD
CHARACTERISTICS
EXTERNAL
PIN
OUTPUT
DRIVER
INPUT
BUFFER
INPUT
PROTECTION
CIRCUITRY
I/O Addressing
In the 80C88, I/O operations can address up to a maximum
of 64K I/O registers. The I/O address appears in the same
format as the memory address on bus lines A15-A0. The
address lines A19-A16 are zero in I/O operations. The variable I/O instructions, which use register DX as a pointer,
have full address capability, while the direct I/O instructions
directly address one or two of the 256 I/O byte locations in
page 0 of the I/O address space. I/O ports are addressed in
the same manner as memory locations.
FIGURE 19A. BUS HOLD CIRCUITRY PIN 2-16, 35-39
BOND
PAD
OUTPUT
DRIVER
P
INPUT
BUFFER
Designers familiar with the 8085 or upgrading an 8085
design should note that the 8085 addresses I/O with an 8-bit
address on both halves of the 16-bit address bus. The
80C88 uses a full 16-bit address on its lower 16 address
lines.
External Interface
VCC
EXTERNAL
PIN
INPUT
PROTECTION
CIRCUITRY
FIGURE 19B. BUS HOLD CIRCUITRY PIN 26-32, 34
Interrupt Operations
Processor Reset and Initialization
Processor initialization or start up is accomplished with
activation (HIGH) of the RESET pin. The 80C88 RESET is
required to be HIGH for greater than four clock cycles. The
80C88 will terminate operations on the high-going edge of
RESET and will remain dormant as long as RESET is HIGH.
The low-going transition of RESET triggers an internal reset
sequence for approximately 7 clock cycles. After this interval
the 80C88 operates normally, beginning with the instruction
in absolute location FFFFOH (see Figure 2). The RESET
input is internally synchronized to the processor clock. At
initialization, the HIGH to LOW transition of RESET must
occur no sooner than 50µs after power up, to allow complete
initialization of the 80C88.
NMI will not be recognized if asserted prior to the second
CLK cycle following the end of RESET.
Interrupt operations fall into two classes: software or
hardware initiated. The software initiated interrupts and
software aspects of hardware interrupts are specified in the
instruction set description. Hardware interrupts can be
classified as nonmaskable or maskable.
Interrupts result in a transfer of control to a new program
location. A 256 element table containing address pointers to
the interrupt service program locations resides in absolute
locations 0 through 3FFH (see Figure 2), which are reserved
for this purpose. Each element in the table is 4 bytes in size
and corresponds to an interrupt “type”. An interrupting
device supplies an 8-bit type number, during the interrupt
acknowledge sequence, which is used to vector through the
appropriate element to the new interrupt service program
location.
3-11
80C88
Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI)
T1
The processor provides a single non-maskable interrupt
(NMI) pin which has higher priority than the maskable
interrupt request (INTR) pin. A typical use would be to
activate a power failure routine. The NMI is edge-triggered
on a LOW to High transition. The activation of this pin
causes a type 2 interrupt.
NMI is required to have a duration in the HIGH state of
greater than two clock cycles, but is not required to be
synchronized to the clock. An high going transition of NMI is
latched on-chip and will be serviced at the end of the current
instruction or between whole moves (2 bytes in the case of
word moves) of a block type instruction. Worst case
response to NMI would be for multiply, divide, and variable
shift instructions. There is no specification on the occurrence
of the low-going edge; it may occur before, during, or after
the servicing of NMI. Another high-going edge triggers
another response if it occurs after the start of the NMI
procedure.
The signal must be free of logical spikes in general and be
free of bounces on the low-going edge to avoid triggering
extraneous responses.
Maskable Interrupt (INTR)
The 80C88 provides a singe interrupt request input (INTR)
which can be masked internally by software with the
resetting of the interrupt enable (IF) flag bit. The interrupt
request signal is level triggered. It is internally synchronized
during each clock cycle on the high-going edge of CLK.
To be responded to, INTR must be present (HIGH) during
the clock period preceding the end of the current instruction
or the end of a whole move for a block type instruction. INTR
may be removed anytime after the falling edge of the first
INTA signal. During interrupt response sequence, further
interrupts are disabled. The enable bit is reset as part of the
response to any interrupt (INTR, NMI, software interrupt, or
single step). The FLAGS register, which is automatically
pushed onto the stack, reflects the state of the processor
prior to the interrupt. The enable bit will be zero until the old
FLAGS register is restored, unless specifically set by an
instruction.
During the response sequence (see Figure 7), the processor
executes two successive (back-to-back) interrupt acknowledge cycles. The 80C88 emits to LOCK signal (maximum
mode only) from T2 of the first bus cycle until T2 of the second. A local bus “hold” request will not be honored until the
end of the second bus cycle. In the second bus cycle, a byte
is fetched from the external interrupt system (e.g., 82C59A
PIC) which identifies the source (type) of the interrupt. This
byte is multiplied by four and used as a pointer into the interrupt vector lookup table.
An INTR signal left HIGH will be continually responded to
within the limitations of the enable bit and sample period.
INTR may be removed anytime after the falling edge of the
first INTA signal. The interrupt return instruction includes a
flags pop which returns the status of the original interrupt
enable bit when it restores the flags.
T2
T3
T4
T1
T2
T3
T4
ALE
LOCK
INTA
AD0AD7
TYPE
VECTOR
FIGURE 20. INTERRUPT ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE
Halt
When a software HALT instruction is executed, the processor indicates that it is entering the HALT state in one of two
ways, depending upon which mode is strapped. In minimum
mode, the processor issues ALE, delayed by one clock
cycle, to allow the system to latch the halt status. Halt status
is available on IO/M, DT/R, and SS0. In maximum mode, the
processor issues appropriate HALT status on S2, S1 and
S0, and the 82C88 bus controller issues one ALE. The
80C88 will not leave the HALT state when a local bus hold is
entered while in HALT. In this case, the processor reissues
the HALT indicator at the end of the local bus hold. An interrupt request or RESET will force the 80C88 out of the HALT
state.
Read/Modify/Write (Semaphore) Operations Via LOCK
The LOCK status information is provided by the processor
when consecutive bus cycles are required during the execution of an instruction. This allows the processor to perform
read/modify/write operations on memory (via the “exchange
register with memory” instruction), without another system
bus master receiving intervening memory cycles. This is
useful in multiprocessor system configurations to accomplish
“test and set lock” operations. The LOCK signal is activated
(LOW) in the clock cycle following decoding of the LOCK
prefix instruction. It is deactivated at the end of the last bus
cycle of the instruction following the LOCK prefix. While
LOCK is active, a request on a RQ/GT pin will be recorded,
and then honored at the end of the LOCK.
External Synchronization Via TEST
As an alternative to interrupts, the 80C88 provides a single
software-testable input pin (TEST). This input is utilized by
executing a WAIT instruction. The single WAIT instruction is
repeatedly executed until the TEST input goes active (LOW).
The execution of WAIT does not consume bus cycles once
the queue is full.
If a local bus request occurs during WAIT execution, the
80C88 three-states all output drivers while inputs and I/O
pins are held at valid logic levels by internal bus-hold circuits.
If interrupts are enabled, the 80C88 will recognize interrupts
and process them when it regains control of the bus.
3-12
80C88
Basic System Timing
In minimum mode, the MN/MX pin is strapped to VCC and
the processor emits bus control signals (RD, WR, IO/M, etc.)
directly. In maximum mode, the MN/MX pin is strapped to
GND and the processor emits coded status information
which the 82C88 bus controller uses to generate
MULTIBUS compatible bus control signals.
System Timing - Minimum System
The read cycle begins in T1 with the assertion of the
address latch enable (ALE) signal (see Figure 5). The trailing (low going) edge of this signal is used to latch the
address information, which is valid on the address data bus
(ADO-AD7) at this time, into the 82C82/82C83 latch.
Address lines A8 through A15 do not need to be latched
because they remain valid throughout the bus cycle. From
T1 to T4 the IO/M signal indicates a memory or I/O operation. At T2 the address is removed from the address data
bus and the bus is held at the last valid logic state by internal
bus-hold devices. The read control signal is also asserted at
T2. The read (RD) signal causes the addressed device to
enable its data bus drivers to the local bus. Some time later,
valid data will be available on the bus and the addressed
device will drive the READY line HIGH. When the processor
returns the read signal to a HIGH level, the addressed
device will again three-state its bus drivers. If a transceiver
(82C86/82C87) is required to buffer the local bus, signals
DT/R and DEN are provided by the 80C88.
A write cycle also begins with the assertion of ALE and the
emission of the address. The IO/M signal is again asserted
to indicate a memory or I/O write operation. In T2, immediately following the address emission, the processor emits
the data to be written into the addressed location. This data
remains valid until at least the middle of T4. During T2, T3,
and Tw, the processor asserts the write control signal. The
write (WR) signal becomes active at the beginning of T2, as
opposed to the read, which is delayed somewhat into T2 to
provide time for output drivers to become inactive.
The basic difference between the interrupt acknowledge
cycle and a read cycle is that the interrupt acknowledge
(INTA) signal is asserted in place of the read (RD) signal and
the address bus is held at the last valid logic state by internal
bus-hold devices (see Figure 6). In the second of two
successive INTA cycles, a byte of information is read from
the data bus, as supplied by the interrupt system logic (i.e.,
82C59A priority interrupt controller). This byte identifies the
source (type) of the interrupt. It is multiplied by four and used
as a pointer into the interrupt vector lookup table, as
described earlier.
Bus Timing - Medium Complexity Systems
For medium complexity systems, the MN/MX pin is
connected to GND and the 82C88 bus controller is added to
the system, as well as an 82C82/82C83 latch for latching the
system address, and an 82C86/82C87 transceiver to allow
for bus loading greater than the 80C88 is capable of
handling (see Figure 8). Signals ALE, DEN, and DT/R are
generated by the 82C88 instead of the processor in this
configuration, although their timing remains relatively the
same. The 80C88 status outputs (S2, S1 and S0) provide
type of cycle information and become 82C88 inputs. This
bus cycle information specifies read (code, data or I/O), write
(data or I/O), interrupt acknowledge, or software halt. The
82C88 thus issues control signals specifying memory read
or write, I/O read or write, or interrupt acknowledge. The
82C88 provides two types of write strobes, normal and
advanced, to be applied as required. The normal write
strobes have data valid at the leading edge of write. The
advanced write strobes have the same timing as read
strobes, and hence, data is not valid at the leading edge of
write. The 82C86/82C87 transceiver receives the usual T
and OE inputs from the 82C88 DT/R and DEN outputs.
The pointer into the interrupt vector table, which is passed
during the second INTA cycle, can derive from an 82C59A
located on either the local bus or the system bus. If the
master 82C59A priority interrupt controller is positioned on
the local bus, the 82C86/82C87 transceiver must be
disabled when reading from the master 82C59A during the
interrupt acknowledge sequence and software “poll”.
The 80C88 Compared to the 80C86
The 80C88 CPU is a 8-bit processor designed around the
8086 internal structure. Most internal functions of the 80C88
are identical to the equivalent 80C86 functions. The 80C88
handles the external bus the same way the 80C86 does with
the distinction of handling only 8-bits at a time. Sixteen-bit
operands are fetched or written in two consecutive bus
cycles. Both processors will appear identical to the software
engineer, with the exception of execution time. The internal
register structure is identical and all instructions have the
same end result. Internally, there are three differences
between the 80C88 and the 80C86. All changes are related
to the 8-bit bus interface.
• The queue length is 4 bytes in the 80C88, whereas the
80C86 queue contains 6 bytes, or three words. The queue
was shortened to prevent overuse of the bus by the BIU
when prefetching instructions. This was required because
of the additional time necessary to fetch instructions 8-bits
at a time.
• To further optimize the queue, the prefetching algorithm
was changed. The 80C88 BIU will fetch a new instruction
to load into the queue each time there is a 1 byte space
available in the queue. The 80C86 waits until a 2 byte
space is available.
• The internal execution time of the instruction set is
affected by the 8-bit interface. All 16-bit fetches and writes
from/to memory take an additional four clock cycles. The
CPU is also limited by the speed of instruction fetches.
This latter problem only occurs when a series of simple
operations occur. When the more sophisticated instructions of the 80C88 are being used, the queue has time to
fill the execution proceeds as fast as the execution unit will
allow.
MULTIBUS is a patented Intel bus.
3-13
80C88
The 80C88 and 80C86 are completely software compatible
by virtue of their identical execution units. Software that is
system dependent may not be completely transferable, but
software that is not system dependent will operate equally
as well on an 80C88 or an 80C86.
The hardware interface of the 80C88 contains the major
differences between the two CPUs. The pin assignments are
nearly identical, however, with the following functional
changes:
• A8-A15: These pins are only address outputs on the
80C88. These address lines are latched internally and
remain valid throughout a bus cycle in a manner similar to
the 8085 upper address lines.
• BHE has no meaning on the 80C88 and has been eliminated.
• SS0 provides the S0 status information in the minimum
mode. This output occurs on pin 34 in minimum mode
only. DT/R, IO/M and SS0 provide the complete bus status
in minimum mode.
• IO/M has been inverted to be compatible with the 8085
bus structure.
• ALE is delayed by one clock cycle in the minimum mode
when entering HALT, to allow the status to be latched with
ALE.
T1
T2
T3
CLK
QS1, QS0
80C88
S2, S1, S0
A19/S6 - A16/S3
S6 - S3
A19 - A16
ALE
RDY
82C84
READY
80C88
80C88
AD7 - AD0
80C88
DATA OUT
A7-A0
DATA IN
A15 - A8
A15 - A8
RD
DT/R
80C88
MRDC
DEN
FIGURE 21. MEDIUM COMPLEXITY SYSTEM TIMING
3-14
T4
80C88
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +8.0V
Input, Output or I/O Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . GND -0.5V to VCC +0.5V
ESD Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class 1
Thermal Resistance (Typical)
θJA (oC/W) θJC (oC/W)
PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
PLCC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
SBDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
N/A
CLCC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
N/A
Maximum Junction Temperature
Ceramic Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +175oC
Plastic Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150oC
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65oC to +150oC
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . +300oC
(Lead tips only for surface mount packages)
Operating Conditions
Operating Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +4.5V to +5.5V
M80C88-2 Only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +4.75V to +5.25V
Operating Temperature Range
C80C88/-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0oC to +70oC
I80C88/-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to +85oC
M80C88/-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to +125oC
Die Characteristics
Gate Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9750 Gates
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation
of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
DC Electrical Specifications
SYMBOL
VCC = 5.0V, ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V, ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V, ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V, ±5%;
PARAMETER
VlH
Logical One
Input Voltage
VIL
Logical Zero Input Voltage
TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C88, C80C88-2)
TA = -40oC to +85oC (l80C88, I80C88-2)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88-2)
MIN
MAX
UNITS
2.0
2.2
-
V
V
-
0.8
V
TEST CONDITION
C80C88, I80C88 (Note 4)
M80C88 (Note 4)
VIHC
CLK Logical One Input Voltage
VCC -0.8
-
V
VILC
CLK Logical Zero Input Voltage
-
0.8
V
VOH
Output High Voltage
3.0
VCC -0.4
-
V
V
lOH = -2.5mA
lOH = -100µA
VOL
Output Low Voltage
-
0.4
V
lOL = +2.5mA
Input Leakage Current
-1.0
1.0
µA
VIN = 0V or VCC
Pins 17-19, 21-23, 33
lBHH
Input Current-Bus Hold High
-40
-400
µA
VIN = - 3.0V (Note 1)
lBHL
Input Current-Bus Hold Low
40
400
µA
VIN = - 0.8V (Note 2)
Output Leakage Current
-
-10.0
µA
VOUT = 0V (Note 5)
ICCSB
Standby Power Supply Current
-
500
µA
VCC = 5.5V (Note 3)
ICCOP
Operating Power Supply Current
-
10
mA/MHz
II
IO
FREQ = Max, VIN = VCC or GND,
Outputs Open
NOTES:
1. lBHH should be measured after raising VIN to VCC and then lowering to 3.0V on the following pins 2-16, 26-32, 34-39.
2. IBHL should be measured after lowering VIN to GND and then raising to 0.8V on the following pins: 2-16, 35-39.
3. lCCSB tested during clock high time after HALT instruction executed. VIN = VCC or GND, VCC = 5.5V, Outputs unloaded.
4. MN/MX is a strap option and should be held to VCC or GND.
5. IO should be measured by putting the pin in a high impedance state and then driving VOUT to GND on the following pins: 26-29 and 32.
Capacitance
SYMBOL
CIN
COUT
CI/O
TA = 25oC
PARAMETER
TYPICAL
UNITS
TEST CONDITIONS
Input Capacitance
25
pF
FREQ = 1MHz. All measurements are referenced to device GND
Output Capacitance
25
pF
FREQ = 1MHz. All measurements are referenced to device GND
I/O Capacitance
25
pF
FREQ = 1MHz. All measurements are referenced to device GND
3-15
80C88
AC Electrical Specifications
VCC = 5.0V ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V ±100%;
VCC = 5.0V ±100%;
VCC = 5.0V ±5%;
TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C88, C80C88-2)
TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C88, I80C88-2)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88-2)
MINIMUM COMPLEXITY SYSTEM
80C88
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
80C88-2
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
UNITS
TEST
CONDITIONS
TIMING REQUIREMENTS
(1)
TCLCL
CLK Cycle Period
200
-
125
-
ns
(2)
TCLCH
CLK Low Time
118
-
68
-
ns
(3)
TCHCL
CLK High Time
69
-
44
-
ns
(4)
TCH1CH2
CLK Rise Time
-
10
-
10
ns
From 1.0V to 3.5V
(5)
TCL2CL1
CLK FaIl Time
-
10
-
10
ns
From 3.5V to 1.0V
(6)
TDVCL
Data In Setup Time
30
-
20
-
ns
(7)
TCLDX1
Data In Hold Time
10
-
10
-
ns
(8)
TR1VCL
RDY Setup Time into 82C84A
(Notes 6, 7)
35
-
35
-
ns
(9)
TCLR1X
RDY Hold Time into 82C84A
(Notes 6, 7)
0
-
0
-
ns
(10)
TRYHCH
READY Setup Time into 80C88
118
-
68
-
ns
(11)
TCHRYX
READY Hold Time into 80C88
30
-
20
-
ns
(12)
TRYLCL
READY Inactive to CLK (Note 8)
-8
-
-8
-
ns
(13)
THVCH
HOLD Setup Time
35
-
20
-
ns
(14)
TINVCH
lNTR, NMI, TEST Setup Time
(Note 7)
30
-
15
-
ns
(15)
TILIH
Input Rise Time (Except CLK)
-
15
-
15
ns
From 0.8V to 2.0V
(16)
TIHIL
Input FaIl Time (Except CLK)
-
15
-
15
ns
From 2.0V to 0.8V
TIMING RESPONSES
(17)
TCLAV
Address Valid Delay
10
110
10
60
ns
CL = 100pF
(18)
TCLAX
Address Hold Time
10
-
10
-
ns
CL = 100pF
(19)
TCLAZ
Address Float Delay
TCLAX
80
TCLAX
50
ns
CL = 100pF
(20)
TCHSZ
Status Float Delay
-
80
-
50
ns
CL = 100pF
(21)
TCHSV
Status Active Delay
10
110
10
60
ns
CL = 100pF
(22)
TLHLL
ALE Width
TCLCH-20
-
TCLCH-10
-
ns
CL = 100pF
(23)
TCLLH
ALE Active Delay
-
80
-
50
ns
CL = 100pF
(24)
TCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
-
85
-
55
ns
CL = 100pF
3-16
80C88
AC Electrical Specifications
VCC = 5.0V ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V ±100%;
VCC = 5.0V ±100%;
VCC = 5.0V ±5%;
TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C88, C80C88-2)
TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C88, I80C88-2)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88-2) (Continued)
MINIMUM COMPLEXITY SYSTEM
80C88
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
80C88-2
TEST
CONDITIONS
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
UNITS
TCHCL-10
-
TCHCL-10
-
ns
CL = 100pF
(25)
TLLAX
Address Hold Time to ALE Inactive
(26)
TCLDV
Data Valid Delay
10
110
10
60
ns
CL = 100pF
(27)
TCLDX2
Data Hold Time
10
-
10
-
ns
CL = 100pF
(28)
TWHDX
Data Hold Time After WR
TCLCL-30
-
TCLCL-30
-
ns
CL = 100pF
(29)
TCVCTV
Control Active Delay 1
10
110
10
70
ns
CL = 100pF
(30)
TCHCTV
Control Active Delay 2
10
110
10
60
ns
CL = 100pF
(31)
TCVCTX
Control Inactive Delay
10
110
10
70
ns
CL = 100pF
(32)
TAZRL
Address Float to READ Active
0
-
0
-
ns
CL = 100pF
(33)
TCLRL
RD Active Delay
10
165
10
100
ns
CL = 100pF
(34)
TCLRH
RD Inactive Delay
10
150
10
80
ns
CL = 100pF
(35)
TRHAV
RD Inactive to Next Address Active
TCLCL-45
-
TCLCL-40
-
ns
CL = 100pF
(36)
TCLHAV
HLDA Valid Delay
10
160
10
100
ns
CL = 100pF
(37)
TRLRH
RD Width
2TCLCL-75
-
2TCLCL-50
-
ns
CL = 100pF
(38)
TWLWH
WR Width
2TCLCL-60
-
2TCLCL-40
-
ns
CL = 100pF
(39)
TAVAL
Address Valid to ALE Low
TCLCH-60
-
TCLCH-40
-
ns
CL = 100pF
(40)
TOLOH
Output Rise Time
-
15
-
15
ns
From 0.8V to 2.0V
(41)
TOHOL
Output Fall Time
-
15
-
15
ns
From 2.0V to 0.8V
NOTES:
6. Signal at 82C84A shown for reference only.
7. Setup requirement for asynchronous signal only to guarantee recognition at next CLK.
8. Applies only to T2 state (8ns into T3).
3-17
80C88
Waveforms
T1
T2
T3
TW
(5)
TCL2CL1
(1)
TCLCL
T4
TCH1CH2
(4)
CLK (82C84A OUTPUT)
(3)
(2)
TCLCH
TCHCL
(30) TCHCTV
TCHCTV
(30)
IO/M, SSO
(17)
TCLAV
A15-A8
A15-A8 (FLOAT DURING INTA)
(17)
TCLAV
(17)
TCLAV
(26) TCLDV
(18) TCLAX
S6-S3
A19-A16
A19/S6-A16/S3
TLHLL
(22)
(23) TCLLH
TLLAX
(25)
ALE
(24)
TR1VCL (8)
TCHLL
RDY (82C84A INPUT)
SEE NOTE 9, 10
VIH
TAVAL
(39)
VIL
TCLR1X (9)
(12)
TRYLCL
(11)
TCHRYX
READY (80C88 INPUT)
(19)
TCLAZ
(10)
TRYHCH
(16)
TDVCL
DATA IN
AD7-AD0
AD7-AD0
(32) TAZRL
(7)
TCLDX1
(34) TCLRH
TRHAV
(35)
RD
(30)
TCHCTV
READ CYCLE
(WR, INTA = VOH)
TRLRH
(37)
TCLRL
(33)
DT/R
(29) TCVCTV
TCVCTX
(31)
DEN
FIGURE 22. BUS TIMING - MINIMUM MODE SYSTEM
NOTES:
9. RDY is sampled near the end of T2, T3, TW to determine if TW machine states are to be inserted.
10. Signals at 82C84A are shown for reference only.
3-18
(30)
TCHCTV
80C88
Waveforms
(Continued)
T1
T2
(4)
TCH1CH2
T3
TW
CLK (82C84A OUTPUT)
(26)
TCLDV
TCLAX
(17)
TCLAV
TCVCTV
(27)
TCLDX2
(18)
AD7-AD0
AD7-AD0
WRITE CYCLE
DATA OUT
TWHDX
(29)
(28)
(31) TCVCTX
DEN
(29) TCVCTV
(38)
TWLWH
WR
TCVCTX
TDVCL
(19)
TCLAZ
(31)
(6)
TCLDX1 (7)
POINTER
AD7-AD0
TCHCTV (30)
TCHCTV
(30)
INTA CYCLE
(NOTE 11)
RD, WR = VOH
T4
TW
(5)
TCL2CL1
DT/R
(29) TCVCTV
INTA
TCVCTX
(31)
(29) TCVCTV
DEN
SOFTWARE
HALT DEN, RD,
WR, INTA = VOH
INVALID ADDRESS
AD7-AD0
TCLAV
(17)
SOFTWARE HALT
TCHLL
(24)
ALE
IO/M
DT/R
SSO
TCLLH
(23)
TCHCTV
(30)
TCVCTX
(31)
FIGURE 23. BUS TIMING - MINIMUM MODE SYSTEM (Continued)
NOTES:
11. Two INTA cycles run back-to-back. The 80C88 local ADDR/DATA bus is floating during both INTA cycles. Control signals are shown for
the second INTA cycle.
12. Signals at 82C84A are shown for reference only.
3-19
80C88
AC Electrical Specifications
VCC = 5.0V ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V ±5%;
TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C88, C80C88-2)
TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C88, I80C88-2)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88-2)
MAX MODE SYSTEM (USING 82C88 BUS CONTROLLER)
80C88
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
80C88-2
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
UNITS
TEST CONDITIONS
TIMING REQUIREMENTS
(1)
TCLCL
CLK Cycle Period
200
-
125
-
ns
(2)
TCLCH
CLK Low Time
118
-
68
-
ns
(3)
TCHCL
CLK High Time
69
-
44
-
ns
(4)
TCH1CH2
CLK Rise Time
-
10
-
10
ns
From 1.0V to 3.5V
(5)
TCL2CL1
CLK Fall Time
-
10
-
10
ns
From 3.5V to 1.0V
(6)
TDVCL
Data in Setup Time
30
-
20
-
ns
(7)
TCLDX1
Data In Hold Time
10
-
10
-
ns
(8)
TR1VCL
RDY Setup Time into 82C84
(Notes 13, 14)
35
-
35
-
ns
(9)
TCLR1X
RDY Hold Time into 82C84
(Notes 13, 14)
0
-
0
-
ns
(10)
TRYHCH
READY Setup Time into 80C88
118
-
68
-
ns
(11)
TCHRYX
READY Hold Time into 80C88
30
-
20
-
ns
(12)
TRYLCL
READY Inactive to CLK (Note 15)
-8
-
-8
-
ns
(13)
TlNVCH
Setup Time for Recognition (lNTR,
NMl, TEST) (Note 14)
30
-
15
-
ns
(14)
TGVCH
RQ/GT Setup Time
30
-
15
-
ns
(15)
TCHGX
RQ Hold Time into 80C88 (Note 16)
40
TCHCL+
10
30
TCHCL+
10
ns
(16)
TILlH
Input Rise Time (Except CLK)
-
15
-
15
ns
From 0.8V to 2.0V
(17)
TIHIL
Input Fall Time (Except CLK)
-
15
-
15
ns
From 2.0V to 0.8V
TIMING RESPONSES
(18)
TCLML
Command Active Delay (Note 13)
5
35
5
35
ns
(19)
TCLMH
Command Inactive (Note 13)
5
35
5
35
ns
(20)
TRYHSH
READY Active to Status Passive
(Notes 15, 17)
-
110
-
65
ns
(21)
TCHSV
Status Active Delay
10
110
10
60
ns
(22)
TCLSH
Status Inactive Delay (Note 17)
10
130
10
70
ns
(23)
TCLAV
Address Valid Delay
10
110
10
60
ns
(24)
TCLAX
Address Hold Time
10
-
10
-
ns
(25)
TCLAZ
Address Float Delay
TCLAX
80
TCLAX
50
ns
(26)
TCHSZ
Status Float Delay
-
80
-
50
ns
(27)
TSVLH
Status Valid to ALE High (Note 13)
-
20
-
20
ns
(28)
TSVMCH
Status Valid to MCE High (Note 13)
-
30
-
30
ns
(29)
TCLLH
CLK Low to ALE Valid (Note 13)
-
20
-
20
ns
(30)
TCLMCH
CLK Low to MCE High (Note 13)
-
25
-
25
ns
(31)
TCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay (Note 13)
4
18
4
18
ns
3-20
CL = 100pF
for all 80C88 outputs
in addition to internal
loads.
80C88
AC Electrical Specifications
VCC = 5.0V ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V ±10%;
VCC = 5.0V ±5%;
TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C88, C80C88-2)
TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C88, I80C88-2)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88)
TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88-2) (Continued)
MAX MODE SYSTEM (USING 82C88 BUS CONTROLLER)
80C88
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
MCE Inactive Delay (Note 13)
80C88-2
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
UNITS
-
15
-
15
ns
(32)
TCLMCL
(33)
TCLDV
Data Valid Delay
10
110
10
60
ns
(34)
TCLDX2
Data Hold Time
10
-
10
-
ns
(35)
TCVNV
Control Active Delay (Note 13)
5
45
5
45
ns
(36)
TCVNX
Control Inactive Delay (Note 13)
10
45
10
45
ns
(37)
TAZRL
Address Float to Read Active
0
-
0
-
ns
TEST CONDITIONS
(38)
TCLRL
RD Active Delay
10
165
10
100
ns
(39)
TCLRH
RD Inactive Delay
10
150
10
80
ns
(40)
TRHAV
RD Inactive to Next Address Active
TCLCL
-45
-
TCLCL
-40
-
ns
(41)
TCHDTL
Direction Control Active Delay
(Note 13)
-
50
-
50
ns
(42)
TCHDTH
Direction Control Inactive Delay
(Note 1)
-
30
-
30
ns
(43)
TCLGL
GT Active Delay
0
85
0
50
ns
(44)
TCLGH
GT Inactive Delay
0
85
0
50
ns
(45)
TRLRH
RD Width
2TCLC
L -75
-
2TCLC
L -50
-
ns
(46)
TOLOH
Output Rise Time
-
15
-
15
ns
From 0.8V to 2.0V
(47)
TOHOL
Output Fall Time
-
15
-
15
ns
From 2.0V to 0.8V
NOTES:
13. Signal at 82C84A or 82C88 shown for reference only.
14. Setup requirement for asynchronous signal only to guarantee recognition at next CLK.
15. Applies only to T2 state (8ns into T3).
16. The 80C88 actively pulls the RQ/GT pin to a logic one on the following clock low time.
17. Status lines return to their inactive (logic one) state after CLK goes low and READY goes high.
3-21
CL = 100pF
for all 80C88 outputs
in addition to internal
loads.
80C88
Waveforms
T1
T2
(4)
TCH1CH2
(1)
TCLCL
T3
T4
(5)
TCL2CL1
TW
CLK
(23)
TCLAV
TCLCH
(2)
TCHCL (3)
QS0, QS1
(21) TCHSV
TCLSH
(22)
S2, S1, S0 (EXCEPT HALT)
(SEE NOTE 20)
A15-A8
A15-A8
TCLAV
A19-A16
A19/S6-A16/S3
TSVLH
(27)
ALE (82C88 OUTPUT)
(33)
(24)
TCLDV
TCLAX
(23) TCLAV
(23)
S6-S3
TCHLL (31)
TCLLH
(29)
NOTES 18, 19
(8)
TR1VCL
RDY (82C84 INPUT)
TCLR1X
(9)
(12) TRYLCL
READY 80C86 INPUT)
(11)
TCHRYX
TRYHSH
(20)
(24)
TCLAX
(10)
TRYHCH
TCLAV
READ CYCLE
(23)
(25)
TCLAZ
(6)
TDVCL
AD7-AD0
AD7-AD0
(7)
TCLDX1
DATA IN
(37) TAZRL
(39) TCLRH
TRHAV
RD
(42)
TCHDTH
(41) TCHDTL
TCLRL
(38)
DT/R
TCLML
82C88
OUTPUTS
SEE NOTES 19, 21
(18)
(40)
TRLRH
(45)
TCLMH
(19)
TCVNX
(36)
MRDC OR IORC
(35) TCVNV
DEN
FIGURE 24. BUS TIMING - MAXIMUM MODE (USING 82C88)
NOTES:
18. RDY is sampled near the end of T2, T3, TW to determine if TW machine states are to be inserted.
19. Signals at 82C84A or 82C88 are shown for reference only.
20. Status inactive in state just prior to T4.
21. The issuance of the 82C88 command and control signals (MRDC, MWTC, AMWC, IORC, IOWC, AIOWC, INTA, and DEN) lags the active
high 82C88 CEN.
3-22
80C88
Waveforms
(Continued)
T1
T2
T3
T4
TW
CLK
TCHSV (21)
(SEE NOTE 24)
S2, S1, S0 (EXCEPT HALT)
WRITE CYCLE
(33)
(24)
TCLDV
TCLAX
TCLAV (23)
TCLSH
(22)
AD7-AD0
TCLDX2
DATA
TCVNV
(35)
TCVNX (36)
DEN
82C88
OUTPUTS
SEE NOTES 22, 23
(34)
TCLMH
(19)
(18) TCLML
AMWC OR AIOWC
TCLMH (19)
(18)TCLML
MWTC OR IOWC
INTA CYCLE
A15-A8
(SEE NOTES 25, 26)
RESERVED FOR
CASCADE ADDR
(25) TCLAZ
(6)
AD7-AD0
TDVCL
TCLDX1 (7)
POINTER
(32)
TCLMCL
(28) TSVMCH
(41)
TCHDTL
MCE/PDEN
(30) TCLMCH
DT/R
82C88 OUTPUTS
SEE NOTES 22, 23, 25
(42)
TCHDTH
(18) TCLML
INTA
TCVNV
(35)
(19) TCLMH
DEN
SOFTWARE
HALT - RD, MRDC, IORC, MWTC, AMWC, IOWC, AIOWC, INTA, S0, S1 = VOH
AD7-AD0
A15-A8
TCVNX
(36)
INVALID ADDRESS
TCLAV
(23)
S2, S1, S0
TCHSV
(21)
TCLSH
(22)
FIGURE 25. BUS TIMING - MAXIMUM MODE SYSTEM (USING 82C88) (Continued)
NOTES:
22. Signals at 82C84A or 82C86 are shown for reference only.
23. The issuance of the 82C88 command and control signals (MRDC, MWTC, AMWC, IORC, IOWC, AIOWC, INTA and DEN) lags the active
high 82C88 CEN.
24. Status inactive in state just prior to T4.
25. Cascade address is valid between first and second INTA cycles.
26. Two INTA cycles run back-to-back. The 80C88 local ADDR/DATA bus is floating during both INTA cycles. Control for pointer address is
shown for second INTA cycle.
3-23
80C88
Waveforms
(Continued)
> 0-CLK
CYCLES
ANY
CLK
CYCLE
CLK
TCLGH
(44)
TGVCH (14)
(1)
TCLCL
RQ/GT
PULSE 1
COPROCESSOR
RQ
PREVIOUS GRANT
AD7-AD0
TCLGH (44)
TCLGL
(43) PULSE 2
80C88 GT
TCHGX (15)
PULSE 3
COPROCESSOR
RELEASE
TCLAZ (25)
COPROCESSOR
80C88
TCHSV (21)
(SEE NOTE)
TCHSZ (26)
RD, LOCK
A19/S6-A16/S3
S2, S1, S0
FIGURE 26. REQUEST/GRANT SEQUENCE TIMING (MAXIMUM MODE ONLY)
NOTE: The coprocessor may not drive the busses outside the region shown without risking contention.
≥ 1CLK
CYCLE
1 OR 2
CYCLES
CLK
THVCH (13)
THVCH (13)
(SEE NOTE)
HOLD
TCLHAV (36)
TCLHAV (36)
HLDA
TCLAZ (19)
A15-A8
80C88
COPROCESSOR
80C88
AD7-AD0
TCHSV (21)
TCHSZ (20)
A19/S6-A16/S3
RD, WR, I/O/M, DT/R, DEN, SSO
FIGURE 27. HOLD/HOLD ACKNOWLEDGE TIMING (MINIMUM MODE ONLY)
NOTE: Setup requirements for asynchronous signals only to guarantee recognition at next CLK.
CLK
ANY CLK CYCLE
(13)
TINVCH (SEE NOTE)
NMI
INTR
ANY CLK CYCLE
CLK
TCLAV
(23)
TCLAV
(23)
SIGNAL
LOCK
TEST
FIGURE 28. ASYNCHRONOUS SIGNAL RECOGNITION
NOTE: Setup requirements for asynchronous signals only to guarantee recognition at next CLK.
FIGURE 29. BUS LOCK SIGNAL TIMING (MAXIMUM MODE
ONLY)
3-24
80C88
Waveforms
(Continued)
≥ 50µs
VCC
CLK
(7) TCLDX1
(6) TDVCL
RESET
≥ 4 CLK CYCLES
FIGURE 30. RESET TIMING
AC Test Circuit
AC Testing Input, Output Waveform
INPUT
VIH + 20% VIH
TEST
POINT
OUTPUT FROM
DEVICE UNDER TEST
CL (NOTE)
OUTPUT
1.5V
1.5V
VOH
VOL
VIL - 50% VIL
AC Testing: All input signals (other than CLK) must switch between
VILMAX -50% VIL and VIHMIN +20% VIH. CLK must
switch between 0.4V and VCC -0.4V. Input rise and fall
times are driven at 1ns/V.
NOTE: Includes stay and jig capacitance.
Burn-In Circuits
MD80C88 (CERDIP)
C
1 GND
VCC 40
2 A14
A15 39
3 A13
A16 38
4 A12
A17 37
5 A11
A18 36
6 A10
A19 35
7 A9
BHE 34
8 A8
MX 33
9 AD7
RD 32
10 AD6
RQ0 31
11 AD5
RQ1 30
12 AD4
LOCK 29
OPEN
13 AD3
S2 28
OPEN
14 AD2
S1 27
OPEN
15 AD1
S0 26
RO
OPEN
16 AD0
QS0 25
RO
GND
17 NMI
QS2 24
GND
18 INTR
TEST 23
19 CLK
READY 22
RI
20 GND
RESET 21
RI
GND
GND
VCL
GND
GND
VCL
GND
GND
GND
VCL
VCL
VCL
F0
GND
RIO
RIO
RIO
RIO
RIO
RIO
RIO
RIO
RIO
RIO
RIO
RC
3-25
RIO
RO
RO
RO
RO
RO
GND
VCC
VCL
VCC/2
VCC/2
VCC/2
VCC/2
VCC/2
GND
RO
RI
VIL
VCL
RO
RO
RO
RO
RO
VCL
VCC/2
VCC/2
VCC/2
VCC/2
VCC/2
VCC/2
GND
VCL
NODE A
FROM
PROGRAM
CARD
80C88
Burn-In Circuits
(Continued)
MR80C88 (CLCC)
VCC
VCL
6
RIO
RIO
RIO
3
2
RO
RO
RO
RIO
RIO
RIO
4
1 44 43 42 41 40
39
8
38
9
37
10
36
11
35
12
34
13
33
14
32
15
31
16
30
17
29
RIO
RIO
5
7
RIO
RIO
RIO
RIO
C
RO
RO
RO
RI
RI
RO
RO
RO
RO
RO
RO
RI
RI
RC
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
VCC/2
GND
F0
NOTES:
1. VCC = 5.5V ±0.5V, GND = 0V.
2. Input voltage limits (except clock):
VIL (Maximum) = 0.4V
VIH (Minimum) = 2.6V, VIH (Clock) = VCC - 0.4V) minimum.
3. VCC/2 is external supply set to 2.7V ±10%.
A
(FROM PROGRAM CARD)
COMPONENTS:
1. RI = 10kΩ ±5%, 1/4W
2. RO = 1.2kΩ ±5%, 1/4W
3. RIO = 2.7kΩ ±5%, 1/4W
4. RC = 1kΩ ±5%, 1/4W
5. C = 0.01µF (Minimum)
4. VCL is generated on program card (VCC - 0.65V).
5. Pins 13 - 16 input sequenced instructions from internal hold
devices, (DIP Only).
6. F0 = 100kHz ±10%.
7. Node A = a 40µs pulse every 2.56ms.
3-26
80C88
Die Characteristics
DIE DIMENSIONS:
249.2 x 290.9 x 19 ±1mils
GLASSIVATION:
Type: SiO2
Thickness: 8kÅ ±1kÅ
METALLIZATION:
Type: Silicon - Aluminum
Thickness: 11kÅ ±2kÅ
WORST CASE CURRENT DENSITY:
1.5 x 105 A/cm2
Metallization Mask Layout
80C88
A11
A12
A13
A14
GND
VCC
A15 A16/S3
A17/S4 A18/S5
A19/S6
A10
A9
SSO
MN/MX
A8
RD
AD7
HOLD
AD6
AD5
HLDA
AD4
AD3
WR
AD2
IO/M
AD1
DT/R
AD0
NMI
INTR CLK
GND
RESET READY TEST INTA
ALE
DEN
All Intersil semiconductor products are manufactured, assembled and tested under ISO9000 quality systems certification.
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate
and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see web site http://www.intersil.com
3-27
80C88
Instruction Set Summary
INSTRUCTION CODE
MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION
76543210
76543210
76543210
76543210
Register/Memory to/from Register
100010dw
mod reg r/m
Immediate to Register/Memory
1100011w
1 0 1 1 w reg
mod 0 0 0 r/m
data
data if w 1
data
data if w 1
Memory to Accumulator
1010000w
addr-low
addr-high
Accumulator to Memory
1010001w
addr-low
addr-high
Register/Memory to Segment Register ††
10001110
mod 0 reg r/m
Segment Register to Register/Memory
10001100
mod 0 reg r/m
11111111
mod 1 1 0 r/m
DATA TRANSFER
MOV = MOVE:
Immediate to Register
PUSH = Push:
Register/Memory
Register
Segment Register
0 1 0 1 0 reg
0 0 0 reg 1 1 0
POP = Pop:
Register/Memory
Register
Segment Register
10001111
mod 0 0 0 r/m
0 1 0 1 1 reg
0 0 0 reg 1 1 1
XCHG = Exchange:
Register/Memory with Register
Register with Accumulator
1000011w
mod reg r/m
1 0 0 1 0 reg
IN = Input from:
Fixed Port
1110010w
Variable Port
1110110w
port
OUT = Output to:
Fixed Port
1110011w
Variable Port
1110111w
XLAT = Translate Byte to AL
11010111
LEA = Load EA to Register2
10001101
mod reg r/m
LDS = Load Pointer to DS
11000101
mod reg r/m
LES = Load Pointer to ES
11000100
mod reg r/m
LAHF = Load AH with Flags
10011111
SAHF = Store AH into Flags
10011110
PUSHF = Push Flags
10011100
POPF = Pop Flags
10011101
port
ARITHMETIC
ADD = Add:
Register/Memory with Register to Either
000000dw
mod reg r/m
Immediate to Register/Memory
100000sw
mod 0 0 0 r/m
data
Immediate to Accumulator
0000010w
data
data if w = 1
000100dw
mod reg r/m
ADC = Add with Carry:
Register/Memory with Register to Either
3-28
data if s:w = 01
80C88
Instruction Set Summary
(Continued)
INSTRUCTION CODE
MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION
76543210
76543210
76543210
76543210
Immediate to Register/Memory
100000sw
mod 0 1 0 r/m
data
data if s:w = 01
Immediate to Accumulator
0001010w
data
data if w = 1
1111111w
mod 0 0 0 r/m
INC = Increment:
Register/Memory
Register
0 1 0 0 0 reg
AAA = ASCll Adjust for Add
00110111
DAA = Decimal Adjust for Add
00100111
SUB = Subtract:
Register/Memory and Register to Either
001010dw
mod reg r/m
Immediate from Register/Memory
100000sw
mod 1 0 1 r/m
data
Immediate from Accumulator
0010110w
data
data if w = 1
Register/Memory and Register to Either
000110dw
mod reg r/m
Immediate from Register/Memory
100000sw
mod 0 1 1 r/m
data
Immediate from Accumulator
0001110w
data
data if w = 1
1111111w
mod 0 0 1 r/m
data if s:w = 01
SBB = Subtract with Borrow
data if s:w = 01
DEC = Decrement:
Register/Memory
Register
NEG = Change Sign
0 1 0 0 1 reg
1111011w
mod 0 1 1 r/m
Register/Memory and Register
001110dw
mod reg r/m
Immediate with Register/Memory
100000sw
mod 1 1 1 r/m
data
Immediate with Accumulator
0011110w
data
data if w = 1
AAS = ASCll Adjust for Subtract
00111111
DAS = Decimal Adjust for Subtract
00101111
MUL = Multiply (Unsigned)
1111011w
mod 1 0 0 r/m
IMUL = Integer Multiply (Signed)
1111011w
mod 1 0 1 r/m
AAM = ASCll Adjust for Multiply
11010100
00001010
DlV = Divide (Unsigned)
1111011w
mod 1 1 0 r/m
IDlV = Integer Divide (Signed)
1111011w
mod 1 1 1 r/m
AAD = ASClI Adjust for Divide
11010101
00001010
CBW = Convert Byte to Word
10011000
CWD = Convert Word to Double Word
10011001
CMP = Compare:
LOGIC
NOT = Invert
1111011w
mod 0 1 0 r/m
SHL/SAL = Shift Logical/Arithmetic Left
110100vw
mod 1 0 0 r/m
SHR = Shift Logical Right
110100vw
mod 1 0 1 r/m
SAR = Shift Arithmetic Right
110100vw
mod 1 1 1 r/m
ROL = Rotate Left
110100vw
mod 0 0 0 r/m
ROR = Rotate Right
110100vw
mod 0 0 1 r/m
RCL = Rotate Through Carry Flag Left
110100vw
mod 0 1 0 r/m
3-29
data if s:w = 01
80C88
Instruction Set Summary
(Continued)
INSTRUCTION CODE
MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION
76543210
76543210
110100vw
mod 0 1 1 r/m
Reg./Memory and Register to Either
0010000dw
mod reg r/m
Immediate to Register/Memory
1000000w
Immediate to Accumulator
0010010w
Register/Memory and Register
1000010w
mod reg r/m
Immediate Data and Register/Memory
1111011w
mod 0 0 0 r/m
data
Immediate Data and Accumulator
1010100w
data
data if w = 1
Register/Memory and Register to Either
000010dw
mod reg r/m
Immediate to Register/Memory
1000000w
mod 1 0 1 r/m
data
Immediate to Accumulator
0000110w
data
data if w = 1
Register/Memory and Register to Either
001100dw
mod reg r/m
Immediate to Register/Memory
1000000w
mod 1 1 0 r/m
data
Immediate to Accumulator
0011010w
data
data if w = 1
disp-high
RCR = Rotate Through Carry Right
76543210
76543210
mod 1 0 0 r/m
data
data if w = 1
data
data if w = 1
AND = And:
TEST = And Function to Flags, No Result:
data if w = 1
OR = Or:
data if w = 1
XOR = Exclusive or:
STRING MANIPULATION
REP = Repeat
1111001z
MOVS = Move Byte/Word
1010010w
CMPS = Compare Byte/Word
1010011w
SCAS = Scan Byte/Word
1010111w
LODS = Load Byte/Word to AL/AX
1010110w
STOS = Stor Byte/Word from AL/A
1010101w
CONTROL TRANSFER
CALL = Call:
Direct Within Segment
11101000
disp-low
Indirect Within Segment
11111111
mod 0 1 0 r/m
Direct Intersegment
10011010
offset-low
offset-high
seg-low
seg-high
Indirect Intersegment
11111111
mod 0 1 1 r/m
Direct Within Segment
11101001
disp-low
Direct Within Segment-Short
11101011
disp
Indirect Within Segment
11111111
mod 1 0 0 r/m
Direct Intersegment
11101010
offset-low
offset-high
seg-low
seg-high
JMP = Unconditional Jump:
Indirect Intersegment
11111111
disp-high
mod 1 0 1 r/m
RET = Return from CALL:
Within Segment
11000011
Within Seg Adding lmmed to SP
11000010
3-30
data-low
data-high
data if w = 1
80C88
Instruction Set Summary
(Continued)
INSTRUCTION CODE
MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION
76543210
76543210
76543210
11001010
data-low
data-high
JE/JZ = Jump on Equal/Zero
01110100
disp
JL/JNGE = Jump on Less/Not Greater or Equal
01111100
disp
JLE/JNG = Jump on Less or Equal/ Not Greater
01111110
disp
JB/JNAE = Jump on Below/Not Above or Equal
01110010
disp
JBE/JNA = Jump on Below or Equal/Not Above
01110110
disp
Intersegment
11001011
Intersegment Adding Immediate to SP
JP/JPE = Jump on Parity/Parity Even
01111010
disp
JO = Jump on Overflow
01110000
disp
JS = Jump on Sign
01111000
disp
JNE/JNZ = Jump on Not Equal/Not Zero
01110101
disp
JNL/JGE = Jump on Not Less/Greater or Equal
01111101
disp
JNLE/JG = Jump on Not Less or Equal/Greater
01111111
disp
JNB/JAE = Jump on Not Below/Above or Equal
01110011
disp
JNBE/JA = Jump on Not Below or Equal/Above
01110111
disp
JNP/JPO = Jump on Not Par/Par Odd
01111011
disp
JNO = Jump on Not Overflow
01110001
disp
JNS = Jump on Not Sign
01111001
disp
LOOP = Loop CX Times
11100010
disp
LOOPZ/LOOPE = Loop While Zero/Equal
11100001
disp
LOOPNZ/LOOPNE = Loop While Not Zero/Equal
11100000
disp
JCXZ = Jump on CX Zero
11100011
disp
Type Specified
11001101
type
Type 3
11001100
INTO = Interrupt on Overflow
11001110
IRET = Interrupt Return
11001111
INT = Interrupt
PROCESSOR CONTROL
CLC = Clear Carry
11111000
CMC = Complement Carry
11110101
STC = Set Carry
11111001
CLD = Clear Direction
11111100
STD = Set Direction
11111101
CLl = Clear Interrupt
11111010
ST = Set Interrupt
11111011
HLT = Halt
11110100
WAIT = Wait
10011011
ESC = Escape (to External Device)
11011xxx
LOCK = Bus Lock Prefix
11110000
3-31
mod x x x r/m
76543210
80C88
Instruction Set Summary
(Continued)
INSTRUCTION CODE
MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION
76543210
NOTES:
AL = 8-bit accumulator
AX = 16-bit accumulator
CX = Count register
DS= Data segment
ES = Extra segment
Above/below refers to unsigned value.
Greater = more positive;
Less = less positive (more negative) signed values
if d = 1 then “to” reg; if d = 0 then “from” reg
if w = 1 then word instruction; if w = 0 then byte
instruction
if mod = 11 then r/m is treated as a REG field
if mod = 00 then DISP = 0†, disp-low and disp-high
are absent
if mod = 01 then DISP = disp-low sign-extended
16-bits, disp-high is absent
if mod = 10 then DISP = disp-high:disp-low
if r/m = 000 then EA = (BX) + (SI) + DISP
if r/m = 001 then EA = (BX) + (DI) + DISP
if r/m = 010 then EA = (BP) + (SI) + DISP
if r/m = 011 then EA = (BP) + (DI) + DISP
if r/m = 100 then EA = (SI) + DISP
if r/m = 101 then EA = (DI) + DISP
if r/m = 110 then EA = (BP) + DISP †
if r/m = 111 then EA = (BX) + DISP
DISP follows 2nd byte of instruction (before data
if required)
† except if mod = 00 and r/m = 110 then
EA = disp-high: disp-low.
†† MOV CS, REG/MEMORY not allowed.
76543210
76543210
76543210
if s:w = 01 then 16-bits of immediate data form the operand.
if s:w = 11 then an immediate data byte is sign extended
to form the 16-bit operand.
if v = 0 then “count” = 1; if v = 1 then “count” in (CL)
x = don't care
z is used for string primitives for comparison with ZF FLAG.
SEGMENT OVERRIDE PREFIX
001 reg 11 0
REG is assigned according to the following table:
16-BIT (w = 1)
8-BIT (w = 0)
SEGMENT
000 AX
000 AL
00 ES
001 CX
001 CL
01 CS
010 DX
010 DL
10 SS
011 BX
011 BL
11 DS
100 SP
100 AH
101 BP
101 CH
110 SI
110 DH
111 DI
111 BH
Instructions which reference the flag register file as a 16-bit
object use the symbol FLAGS to represent the file:
FLAGS =
X:X:X:X:(OF):(DF):(IF):(TF):(SF):(ZF):X:(AF):X:(PF):X:(CF)
Mnemonics  Intel, 1978
3-32