UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC ONE-CELL STANDALONE LINEAR LITHIUM BATTERY CHARGER DESCRIPTION UTC UB6054 is a complete, constant current and constant voltage linear charger for single cell lithium-ion batteries. Its small size and ability to regulate low charge currents make UTC UB6054 especially well-suited for portable applications using low capacity rechargeable lithium-ion coin cells. Furthermore, UTC UB6054 is specifically designed to work within USB power specifications. No external sense resistor is needed, and no blocking diode is required due to the internal MOSFET architecture. The charge voltage is fixed at 4.2V, and the charge current can be programmed externally with a single resistor. UTC UB6054 automatically terminates a charge cycle when the charge current drops to 1/10th the programmed value after the final float voltage is reached. FEATURES * Programmable Charge Current Up to 500mA. * No External MOSFET, Sense Resistor or Blocking Diode Required. * Complete linear charger in ThinSOT Package for Single Cell / Coin Cell Lithium-lon Batteries. * Constant Current / Constant Voltage Operation with Thermal Regulation to Maximize Charge Rate Without Risk of Overheating. * Charges Single Cell Li-lon Batteries Directly form USB Port. * Preset 4.2V Charge Voltage with High Accuracy about ±1.2%. * Automatic Recharge. * 2.9V Trickle Charge Threshold. * 20µA Supply Current in Shutdown Mode. * Available in a SOT-25 Pacakage. * Charge Status Output Pin. ORDERING INFORMATION Note: Ordering Number Lead Free Halogen Free UB6054L-AF5-R UB6054G-AF5-R xx: Output Voltage, refer to Marking Information. UB6054G-xx-AF5-R Package Packing SOT-25 Tape Reel (1)Packing Type (1) R: Tape Reel (2)Package Type (2) AF5: SOT-25 (3)Output Voltage Code (3) xx: Refer to Marking Information (4)Halogen Free (4) G: Halogen Free, L: Lead Free www.unisonic.com.tw Copyright © 2012 Unisonic Technologies Co., Ltd 1 of 13 QW-R502-867.a UB6054 Preliminary MARKING INFORMATION PIN CONFIGURATION PIN DESCRIPTION PIN NO. PIN NAME 1 CHRG 2 GND 3 BAT 4 VCC 5 PROG CMOS IC DESCRIPTION Open-Drain Charge Status Output. When the battery is charging, the CHRG pin is pulled low by an internal N-channel MOSFET. When the charge cycle is completed, a weak pull-down of approximately 20uA is connected to the CHRG pin, indicating an “AC present” condition. Ground. Charge Current Output. Provides charge current to the battery and regulates the final float voltage to 4.2V. Positive Input Supply Voltage. Provides power to the charger. VCC can range from 4.25V to 6.5V and should be bypassed with at least a 1μF capacitor. Charge Current Program, Charge Current Monitor and Shutdown Pin. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 2 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC BLOCK DIAGRAM VCC 0.5uA BAT UVLO 3.8V MA BAT CA TA SLEEP VA VCC 120°С TDIE VREF BAT Rechg 4.1V 1.25V MSD 1.0V CHRG 0.1V Trikle LOGIC VCC 1uA GND PROG UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 3 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING PARAMETER SYMBOL RATINGS UNIT Input Supply Voltage VCC -0.3 ~ +7.0 V PROG Voltage VPROG -0.3 ~ +7.0 V BAT Voltage VBAT -0.3 ~ +7.0 V CHRG Voltage VCHRG -0.3 ~ +7.0 V BAT Short-Circuit Duration Continuous Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Ambient θJA 250 °С/W BAT Pin Current IBAT 500 mA PROG Pin Current IPROG 500 µA Maximum Junction Temperature TJ 125 °С Operating Ambient Temperature Range TOPR -40 ~ +85 °С Storage Temperature TSTG -65 ~ +125 °С Notes: 1. Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which the device could be permanently damaged. Absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only and functional device operation is not implied. 2. Pulse (μsec) noise exceeding the above input voltage (GND+7.0V) may cause damage to the IC. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 4 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC=5V, TA=25°С, unless otherwise specified) PARAMETER Input Supply Voltage Input Supply Current Regulated Output (Float) Voltage BAT Pin Current SYMBOL VCC ICC VFLOAT IBAT Trickle Charge Current Trickle Charge Threshold Voltage VCC Undervoltage Lockout Threshold VCC Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis ITRIKL VTRIKL VUV VUVHYS Manual Shutdown Threshold Voltage VMSD VCC–VBAT Lockout Threshold Voltage VASD C/10 Termination Current Threshold ITERM TEST CONDITIONS Charge Mode (Note 1), RPROG=10k Standby Mode (Charge Terminated) Shutdown Mode(RPROG Not Connected, VCC<VBAT, or VCC<VUV) IBAT=30mA, ICHRG=5mA RPROG=10k, Current Mode RPROG=2k, Current Mode Standby Mode, VBAT=4.2V Shutdown Mode (RPROG Not Connected) Sleep Mode, VCC=0V VBAT<VTRIKL, RPROG=10k RPROG=10k, VBAT Rising From VCC Low to High PROG Pin Rising PROG Pin Falling VCC from Low to High VCC from High to Low RPROG=10k (Note2) RPROG=2k RPROG=10k, Current Mode VCHRG=3V ICHRG=5mA VFLOAT-VRECHRG MIN 4.5 4.15 80 2.8 TYP MAX 6.0 UNIT V 300 2000 μA 200 500 μA 25 60 μA 4.20 100 500 ±1 4.25 120 ±6 V mA mA μA ±1 ±6 μA ±1 10 2.9 3.8 120 1.25 1.15 100 30 0.1 0.1 1.0 20 0.6 150 120 ±6 μA mA V V mV V V mV mV mA/mA mA/mA V μA V mV °С 3.0 PROG Pin Voltage VPROG 0.8 1.2 CHRG Pin Weak Pull-Down Current ICHRG CHRG Pin Output Low Voltage VCHRG Recharge Battery Threshold Voltage ΔVRECHRG Thermal Protection Temperature TLIM Power FET “ON” Resistance (Between RON 0.6 VCC and BAT) Soft-Start Time tSS IBAT=0 to 1000V/RPROG 100 Recharge Comparator Filter Time tRECHARGE VBAT High to Low 1.0 Termination Comparator Filter Time tTERM 1000 PROG Pin Pull-Up Current IPROG 1.0 Notes: 1. Supply current includes PROG pin current (approximately 100μA) but does not include any current delivered to the battery through the BAT pin (approximately 100mA). 2. ITERM is expressed as a fraction of measured full charge current with indicated PROG resistor. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw Ω μs ms μs μA 5 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC OPERATION The UTC UB6054 is a single cell lithium-ion battery charger using a constant-current/constant-voltage algorithm. It can deliver up to 500mA of charge current (using a good thermal PCB layout) with a final float voltage accuracy of ±1.2%. The UTC UB6054 includes an internal P-channel power MOSFET and thermal regulation circuitry. No blocking diode or external current sense resistor is required; thus, the basic charger circuit requires only two external components. Furthermore, the UTC UB6054 is capable of operating from a USB power source. 1. Normal Charge Cycle A charge cycle begins when the voltage at the VCC pin rises above the UVLO threshold level and a 1% program resistor is connected from the PROG pin to ground or when a battery is connected to the charger output. If the BAT pin is less than 2.9V, the charger enters trickle charge mode. In this mode, the UTC UB6054 supplies approximately 1/10 the programmed charge current to bring the battery voltage up to a safe level for full current charging. When the BAT pin voltage rises above 2.9V, the charger enters constant-current mode, where the programmed charge current is supplied to the battery. When the BAT pin approaches the final float voltage (4.2V), the UTC UB6054 enters constant-voltage mode and the charge current begins to decrease. The charge cycle ends when the charge current drops to 1/10 of the programmed value. 2. Programming Charge Current The charge current is programmed using a single resistor from the PROG pin to ground. The battery charge current is 1100 times the current out of the PROG pin. The program resistor and the charge current are calculated using the following equations: R PROG = 1000V 1000 V , ICHG = ICHG R PROG The charge current out of the BAT pin can be determined at any time by monitoring the PROG pin voltage using the following equation: IBAT = VPROG × 1000 R PROG This actual current will vary from IC to IC. The typical variation is within ±20%. 3. Charge Termination A charge cycle is terminated when the charge current falls to 1/10th the programmed value after the final float voltage is reached. This condition is detected by using an internal, filtered comparator to monitor the PROG pin. When the PROG pin voltage falls below 100mV for longer than tTERM (typically 1ms), charging is terminated. The charge current is latched off and the UTC UB6054 enters standby mode, where the input supply current drops to 200mA. (Note: C/10 termination is disabled in trickle charging and thermal limiting modes). When charging, transient loads on the BAT pin can cause the PROG pin to fall below 100mV for short periods of time before the DC charge current has dropped to 1/10th the programmed value. The 1ms filter time (tTERM) on the termination comparator ensures that transient loads of this nature do not result in premature charge cycle termination. Once the average charge current drops below 1/10th the programmed value, the UTC UB6054 terminates the charge cycle and ceases to provide any current through the BAT pin. In this state, all loads on the BAT pin must be supplied by the battery. The UTC UB6054 constantly monitors the BAT pin voltage in standby mode. If this voltage drops below the 4.1V recharge threshold (VRECHRG), another charge cycle begins and current is once again supplied to the battery. To manually restart a charge cycle in standby mode, the input voltage must be removed and reapplied, or the charger must be shut down and restarted using the PROG pin. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 6 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC OPERATION(Cont.) 4. Charge Status Indicator (CHRG) The charge status output has three different states: strong pull-down (~10mA), weak pull-down (~20μA) and high impedance. The strong pull-down state indicates that the UTC UB6054 is in a charge cycle. Once the charge cycle has terminated, the pin state is determined by undervoltage lockout conditions. A weak pull-down indicates that VCC meets the UVLO conditions and the UTC UB6054 is ready to charge. High impedance indicates that the UTC UB6054 is in undervoltage lockout mode: either VCC is less than 100mV above the BAT pin voltage or insufficient voltage is applied to the VCC pin. 5. Thermal Limiting An internal thermal feedback loop reduces the programmed charge current if the die temperature attempts to rise above a preset value of approximately 120°С. This feature protects the UTC UB6054 from excessive temperature and allows the user to push the limits of the power handling capability of a given circuit board without risk of damaging the UTC UB6054. The charge current can be set according to typical (not worst-case) ambient temperature with the assurance that the charger will automatically reduce the current in worst-case conditions. 6. Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) An internal undervoltage lockout circuit monitors the input voltage and keeps the charger in shutdown mode until VCC rises above the undervoltage lockout threshold. The UVLO circuit has a built-in hysteresis of 120mV. Furthermore, to protect against reverse current in the power MOSFET, the UVLO circuit keeps the charger in shutdown mode if VCC falls to within 30mV of the battery voltage. If the UVLO comparator is tripped, the charger will not come out of shutdown mode until VCC rise 100mV above the battery voltage. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 7 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC APPLICATION INFORMATION Stability Considerations The constant-voltage mode feedback loop is stable without an output capacitor provided a battery is connected to the charger output. With no battery present, an output capacitor is recommended to reduce ripple voltage. When using high value, low ESR ceramic capacitors, it is recommended to add a 1W resistor in series with the capacitor. No series resistor is needed if tantalum capacitors are used. In constant-current mode, the PROG pin is in the feedback loop, not the battery. The constant-current mode stability is affected by the impedance at the PROG pin. With no additional capacitance on the PROG pin, the charger is stable with program resistor values as high as 20kΩ. However, additional capacitance on this node reduces the maximum allowed program resistor thus it should be avoided. Average, rather than instantaneous, charge current may be of interest to the user. For example, if a switching power supply operating in low current mode is connected in parallel with the battery, the average current being pulled out of the BAT pin is typically of more interest than the instantaneous current pulses. In such a case, a simple RC filter can be used on the PROG pin to measure the average battery current as shown in Figure 1. A 10kΩ resistor has been added between the PROG pin and the filter capacitor to ensure stability. 10kΩ CHARGE CURRENT MONITOR CIRCUITRY PROG UTC UB6054 RPROG CFILTER GND Fig1. Isolating Capacitive Load on PROG Pin Thermal Limiting An internal thermal feedback loop reduces the programmed charge current if the die temperature attempts to rise above a preset value of approximately 120°C. This feature protects the UTC UB6054 from excessive temperature and allows the user to push the limits of the power handling capability of a given circuit board without risk of damaging the UTC UB6054. The charge current can be set according to typical (not worst-case) ambient temperature with the assurance that the charger will automatically reduce the current in worst-case conditions. The conditions that cause the UTC UB6054 to reduce charge current through thermal feedback can be approximated by considering the power dissipated in the IC. Nearly all of this power dissipation is generated by the internal MOSFET. This is calculated to be approximately: PD = (VCC − VBAT ) × IBAT Where PD is the power dissipated, VCC is the input supply voltage, VBAT is the battery voltage and IBAT is the charge current. The approximate ambient temperature at which the thermal feedback begins to protect the IC is: TA = 120 o C − PD × θ JA TA = 120 o C − (VCC − VBAT ) × IBAT × θ JA Moreover, when thermal feedback reduces the charge current, the voltage at the PROG pin is also reduced proportionally as discussed in the Operation section. It is important to remember that UTC UB6054 applications do not need to be designed for worst-case thermal conditions since the IC will automatically reduce power dissipation when the junction temperature reaches approximately 120°C. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 8 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC APPLICATION INFORMATION(Cont.) Thermal Considerations Because of the small size of the ThinSOT package, it is very important to use a good thermal PC board layout to maximize the available charge current. The thermal path for the heat generated by the IC is from the die to the copper lead frame, through the package leads, (especially the ground lead) to the PC board copper. The PC board copper is the heat sink. The footprint copper pads should be as wide as possible and expand out to larger copper areas to spread and dissipate the heat to the surrounding ambient. Feed-through vias to inner or backside copper layers are also useful in improving the overall thermal performance of the charger. Other heat sources on the board, not related to the charger, must also be considered when designing a PC board layout because they will affect overall temperature rise and the maximum charge current. The following table lists thermal resistance for several different board sizes and copper areas. All measurements were taken in still air on 3/32" FR-4 board with the device mounted on topside. Table 1 Measured Thermal Resistance on 2-Layer Board (Note 1) COPPER AREA THERMAL RESISTANCE (θJA) BOARD AREA JUNCTION-TO-AMBIENT TOPSIDE BACKSIDE 2 2 2 2500mm 2500mm 2500mm 125°C/W 1000mm2 2500mm2 2500mm2 125°C/W 225mm2 2500mm2 2500mm2 130°C/W 100mm2 2500mm2 2500mm2 135°C/W 50mm2 2500mm2 2500mm2 150°C/W Note: 1. Each layer uses one ounce copper Table 2 Measured Thermal Resistance on 4-Layer Board (Note 1) THERMAL RESISTANCE (θJA) COPPER AREA (EACH SIDE) BOARD AREA JUNCTION-TO-AMBIENT 2 2 2500mm (Note 2) 2500mm 80°C/W Notes: 1. Top and bottom layers use two ounce copper, inner layer use one ounce copper 2. 10,000mm2 total copper area Increasing Thermal Regulation Current Reducing the voltage drop across the internal MOSFET can significantly decrease the power dissipation in the IC. This has the effect of increasing the current delivered to the battery during thermal regulation. One method is by dissipating some of the power through an external component, such as a resistor or diode. While this application delivers more energy to the battery and reduces charge time in thermal mode, it may actually lengthen charge time in voltage mode if VCC becomes low enough to put the UTC UB6054 into dropout. Figure 2 shows how this circuit can result in dropout as RCC becomes large. This technique works best when RCC values are minimized to keep component size small and avoid dropout. Remember to choose a resistor with adequate power handling capability. Fig2. A Circuit to Maximize Thermal Mode Charge Current UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 9 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC APPLICATION INFORMATION(Cont.) VCC Bypass Capacitor Many types of capacitors can be used for input bypassing. However, caution must be exercised when using multilayer ceramic capacitors. Because of the self-resonant and high Q characteristics of some types of ceramic capacitors, high voltage transients can be generated under some start-up conditions, such as connecting the charger input to a live power source. Adding a 1 W resistor in series with an X5R ceramic capacitor will minimize start-up voltage transients. Charge Current Soft-Start The UTC UB6054 includes a soft-start circuit to minimize the inrush current at the start of a charge cycle. When a charge cycle is initiated, the charge current ramps from zero to the full-scale current over a period of approximately 50ms. This has the effect of minimizing the transient current load on the power supply during start-up. CHRG Status Output Pin The CHRG pin can provide an indication that the input voltage is greater than the undervoltage lockout threshold level. A weak pull-down current of approximately 20mA indicates that sufficient voltage is applied to VCC to begin charging. When a discharged battery is connected to the charger, the constant current portion of the charge cycle begins and the CHRG pin pulls to ground. The CHRG pin can sink up to 10mA to drive an LED that indicates that a charge cycle is in progress. When the battery is nearing full charge, the charger enters the constant-voltage portion of the charge cycle and the charge current begins to drop. When the charge current drops below 1/10 of the programmed current, the charge cycle ends and the strong pull-down is replaced by the 20mA pull-down, indicating that the charge cycle has ended. If the input voltage is removed or drops below the undervoltage lockout threshold, the CHRG pin becomes high impedance. Figure 3 shows that by using two different value pull-up resistors, a microprocessor can detect all three states from this pin. To detect when the UTC UB6054 is in charge mode, force the digital output pin (OUT) high and measure the voltage at the CHRG pin. The N-channel MOSFET will pull the pin voltage low even with the 2kΩ pull-up resistor. Once the charge cycle terminates, the N-channel MOSFET is turned off and a 20mA current source is connected to the CHRG pin. The IN pin will then be pulled high by the 2kΩ pull-up resistor. To determine if there is a weak pull-down current, the OUT pin should be forced to a high impedance state. The weak current source will pull the IN pin low through the 800kΩ resistor; if CHRG is high impedance, the IN pin will be pulled high, indicating that the part is in a UVLO state. Fig3. Using a Microprocessor to Determine CHRG State UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 10 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC APPLICATION INFORMATION(Cont.) Reverse Polarity Input Voltage Protection In some applications, protection from reverse polarity voltage on VCC is desired. If the supply voltage is high enough, a series blocking diode can be used. In other cases, where the voltage drop must be kept low a Pchannel MOSFET can be used. Fig4. Low Loss Input Reverse Polarity Protection USB and Wall Adapter Power The UTC UB6054 allows charging from both a wall adapter and a USB port. Figure 5 shows an example of how to combine wall adapter and USB power inputs. A P-channel MOSFET, MP1, is used to prevent back conducting into the USB port when a wall adapter is present and a Schottky diode, D1, is used to prevent USB power loss through the 1kΩ pull-down resistor. Typically a wall adapter can supply more current than the 500mA-limited USB port. Therefore, an N-channel MOSFET, MN1, and an extra 10kΩ program resistor are used to increase the charge current to 600mA when the wall adapter is present. Fig5. Combining Wall Adapter and USB Power UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 11 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT 5V WALL ADAPTER 500mA ICHG IBAT BAT D1 USB POWER 400mA ICHG + UTC UB6054 VCC MP1 Li-Ion BATTERY 2.5kΩ PROG GND 1µF 1kΩ 10kΩ MN1 100mA/ 500mA µC Fig1. USB/Wall Adapter Power Li-Ion Charger 5V 330Ω 1µF VCC BAT LED UTC UB6054 CHRG + PROG 2kΩ GND MN1 Li-Ion BATTERY SHDN Fig2. Full Featured Single Cell Li-Ion Charger UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 12 of 13 QW-R52-867.a UB6054 Preliminary CMOS IC TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT(Cont.) 5V 0.25Ω 500mA VCC BAT UTC UB6054 1µF PROG GND + Li-Ion BATTERY 2kΩ Fig3. 500mA Li-Ion Charger with External Power Dissipation Fig4. Basic Li-Ion Charger with Reverse Polarity Input Protection UTC assumes no responsibility for equipment failures that result from using products at values that exceed, even momentarily, rated values (such as maximum ratings, operating condition ranges, or other parameters) listed in products specifications of any and all UTC products described or contained herein. UTC products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can be reasonably expected to result in personal injury. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 13 of 13 QW-R52-867.a