INTERSIL ICM7216DIPI

ICM7216B, ICM7216D
TM
Data Sheet
February 2002
8-Digit, Multi-Function, Frequency
Counters/Timers
FN3166.3
Features, All Versions
• Functions as a frequency counter (DC to 10MHz)
The ICM7216B is a fully integrated Timer Counters with LED
display drivers. They combine a high frequency oscillator, a
decade timebase counter, an 8-decade data counter and
latches, a 7-segment decoder, digit multiplexers and 8segment and 8-digit drivers which directly drive large
multiplexed LED displays. The counter inputs have a
maximum frequency of 10MHz in frequency and unit counter
modes and 2MHz in the other modes. Both inputs are digital
inputs. In many applications, amplification and level shifting
will be required to obtain proper digital signals for these
inputs.
The ICM7216B can function as a frequency counter, period
counter, frequency ratio (fA /fB) counter, time interval counter
or as a totalizing counter. The counter uses either a 10MHz
or 1MHz quartz crystal timebase. For period and time
interval, the 10MHz timebase gives a 0.1µs resolution. In
period average and time interval average, the resolution can
be in the nanosecond range. In the frequency mode, the
user can select accumulation times of 0.01s, 0.1s, 1s and
10s. With a 10s accumulation time, the frequency can be
displayed to a resolution of 0.1Hz in the least significant
digit. There is 0.2s between measurements in all ranges.
The ICM7216D functions as a frequency counter only, as
described above.
• Four internal gate times: 0.01s, 0.1s, 1s, 10s in frequency
counter mode
• Directly drives digits and segments of large multiplexed
LED displays (common anode and common cathode
versions)
• Single nominal 5V supply required
• Highly stable oscillator, uses 1MHz or 10MHz crystal
• Internally generated decimal points, interdigit blanking,
leading zero blanking and overflow indication
• Display off mode turns off display and puts chip into low
power mode
• Hold and reset inputs for additional flexibility
Features, ICM7216B
• Functions also as a period counter, unit counter,
frequency ratio counter or time interval counter
• 1 cycle, 10 cycles, 100 cycles, 1000 cycles in period,
frequency ratio and time interval modes
• Measures period from 0.5µs to 10s
Features, ICM7216D
All versions of the ICM7216 incorporate leading zero
blanking. Frequency is displayed in kHz. In the ICM7216B,
time is displayed in µs. The display is multiplexed at 500Hz
with a 12.2% duty cycle for each digit. The ICM7216B and
ICM7216D are designed for common cathode displays with
typical peak segment currents of 12mA. In the display off
mode, both digit and segment drivers are turned off,
enabling the display to be used for other functions.
• Decimal point and leading zero banking may be externally
selected
Ordering Information
PART
NUMBER
TEMP. RANGE
(oC)
PACKAGE
PKG. NO.
ICM7216BlPl
-25∞ to 85
28 Ld PDIP
E28.6
ICM7216DlPl
-25∞ to 85
28 Ld PDIP
E28.6
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
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ICM7216B
Pinouts
ICM7216B
COMMON CATHODE
(PDIP)
TOP VIEW
28 INPUT A
CONTROL INPUT 1
27 HOLD INPUT
INPUT B 2
FUNCTION INPUT 3
26 OSC OUTPUT
DIGIT 1 OUTPUT 4
25 OSC INPUT
DIGIT 3 OUTPUT 5
24 EXT OSC INPUT
DIGIT 2 OUTPUT 6
23 DECIMAL POINT OUTPUT
DIGIT 4 OUTPUT 7
22 SEG g OUTPUT
VSS 8
21 SEG e OUTPUT
DIGIT 5 OUTPUT 9
20 SEG a OUTPUT
DIGIT 6 OUTPUT 10
19 SEG d OUTPUT
DIGIT 7 OUTPUT 11
18 VDD
DIGIT 8 OUTPUT 12
17 SEG b OUTPUT
RESET INPUT 13
16 SEG c OUTPUT
RANGE INPUT 14
15 SEG f OUTPUT
ICM7216D
COMMON CATHODE
(PDIP)
TOP VIEW
CONTROL INPUT 1
MEASUREMENT IN PROGRESS 2
2
28 INPUT A
27 HOLD INPUT
DIGIT 1 OUTPUT 3
26 OSC OUTPUT
DIGIT 3 OUTPUT 4
25 OSC INPUT
DIGIT 2 OUTPUT 5
24 EXT OSC INPUT
DIGIT 4 OUTPUT 6
23 DECIMAL POINT OUTPUT
VSS 7
22 SEG g OUTPUT
DIGIT 5 OUTPUT 8
21 SEG e OUTPUT
DIGIT 6 OUTPUT 9
20 SEG a OUTPUT
DIGIT 7 OUTPUT 10
19 SEG d OUTPUT
DIGIT 8 OUTPUT 11
18 VDD
RESET INPUT 12
17 SEG b OUTPUT
EX. DECIMAL POINT INPUT 13
16 SEG c OUTPUT
RANGE INPUT 14
15 SEG f OUTPUT
ICM7216B
Functional Block Diagram
EXT
OSC
INPUT
OSC
INPUT
3
OSC
SELECT
8
DIGIT
DRIVERS
DECODER
OSC
OUTPUT
8
DIGIT
OUTPUTS
(8)
REFERENCE
COUNTER
103
÷
RANGE
CONTROL
LOGIC
RANGE SELECT
LOGIC
÷ 104 OR ÷ 105
RANGE
INPUT
100Hz
5
STORE AND
RESET LOGIC
RESET
INPUT
6
CONTROL
LOGIC
CONTROL
INPUT
MAIN
÷ 103 COUNTER
EN
CL
INPUT A
INPUT B
(NOTE 1)
4
INPUT
CONTROL
LOGIC
DP
LOGIC
OVERFLOW
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
DATA LATCHES AND
STORE
OUTPUT MUX
4
D
CL
MAIN
FF
FN
CONTROL
LOGIC
6
HOLD
INPUT
NOTES:
1. Function input and input B available on ICM7216B only.
2. Ext DP input and MEASUREMENT IN PROGRESS output available on ICM7216D only.
3
DECODER
LOGIC
7
SEGMENT
DRIVER
8
SEGMENT
OUTPUTS
(8)
Q
INPUT
CONTROL
LOGIC
FUNCTION
INPUT
(NOTE 1)
EXT
DP
INPUT
(NOTE 2)
MEASUREMENT
IN PROGRESS
OUTPUT
(NOTE 2)
ICM7216B
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Maximum Supply Voltage (VDD - VSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.5V
Maximum Digit Output Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400mA
Maximum Segment Output Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60mA
Voltage On Any Input or
Output Terminal (Note 1). . . . . . . . . . . (VDD +0.3V) to (VSS -0.3V)
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 4)
θJA (oC/W) θJC (oC/W)
PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
N/A
Maximum Junction Temperature
PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150oC
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . .-65oC to 150oC
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300oC
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -25oC to 85oC
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of
the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTES:
3. The ICM7216 may be triggered into a destructive latchup mode if either input signals are applied before the power supply is applied or if
input or outputs are forced to voltages exceeding VDD to VSS by more than 0.3V.
4. θJA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
VDD = 5.0V, VSS = 0V, TA = 25oC, Unless Otherwise Specified
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
ICM7216B
Operating Supply Current, IDD
Display Off, Unused Inputs to VSS
-
2
5
mA
Supply Voltage Range (VDD -VSS), VSUPPLY
INPUT A, INPUT B Frequency at fMAX
4.75
-
6.0
V
Maximum Frequency INPUT A, Pin 28, fA(MAX)
Figure 6, Function = Frequency, Ratio,
Unit Counter
10
-
-
MHz
Function = Period, Time Interval
2.5
-
-
MHz
Maximum Frequency INPUT B, Pin 2, fB(MAX)
Figure 7
2.5
-
-
MHz
Minimum Separation INPUT A to INPUT B Time
Interval Function
Figure 1
250
-
-
ns
10
-
-
MHz
Maximum Oscillator Frequency and External Oscillator
Frequency, fOSC
Minimum External Oscillator Frequency, fOSC
-
-
100
kHz
2000
-
-
µS
fOSC = 10MHz
-
500
-
Hz
fOSC = 10MHz
-
200
-
ms
Oscillator Transconductance, gM
VDD = 4.75V, TA = 85°C
Multiplex Frequency, fMUX
Time Between Measurements
Input Voltages: Pins 2, 13, 25, 27, 28
Input Low Voltage, VINL
-
-
1.0
V
Input High Voltage, VlNH
3.5
-
-
V
100
400
-
kΩ
-
-
20
µA
-
15
-
mV/µs
Input Resistance to VDD Pins 13, 24, RIN
VIN = VDD -1.0V
Input Leakage Pins 27, 28, 2, IILK
Input Range of Change, dVlN /dt
Supplies Well Bypassed
Digit Driver: Pins 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
Low Output Current, IOL
VOUT = VSS +1.3V
50
75
-
mA
High Output Current, IOH
VOUT = VDD -2.5V
-
-100
-
µA
High Output Current, IOH
VOUT = VDD -2.0V
-10
-
-
mA
Leakage Current, ISLK
VOUT = VDD -2.5V
-
-
10
µA
Segment Driver: Pins 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
Multiplex Inputs: Pins 1, 3, 14
4
ICM7216B
VDD = 5.0V, VSS = 0V, TA = 25oC, Unless Otherwise Specified (Continued)
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Input Low Voltage, VINL
-
-
VDD 2.0
V
Input High Voltage, VlNH
VDD 0.8
-
-
V
100
360
-
kΩ
-
2
5
mA
4.75
-
6.0
V
10
-
-
MHz
10
-
-
MHz
-
-
100
kHz
Input Resistance to VDD, RIN
TEST CONDITIONS
VlN = VDD -2.5V
ICM7216D
Operating Supply Current, IDD
Display Off, Unused Inputs to VSS
Supply Voltage Range (VDD -VSS), VSUPPLY
INPUT A Frequency at fMAX
Maximum Frequency INPUT A, Pin 28, fA(MAX)
Figure 6
Maximum Oscillator Frequency and External Oscillator
Frequency, fOSC
Minimum External Oscillator Frequency, fOSC
Oscillator Transconductance, gM
VDD = 4.75V, TA = 85°C
2000
-
-
µS
Multiplex Frequency, fMUX
fOSC = 10MHz
-
500
-
Hz
Time Between Measurements
fOSC = 10MHz
-
200
-
ms
Input Low Voltage, VINL
-
-
1.0
V
Input High Voltage, VINH
3.5
-
-
V
100
400
-
kΩ
-
-
20
µA
Input Voltages: Pins 12, 27, 28
Input Resistance to VDD, Pins 12, 24, RIN
VIN = VDD -1.0V
Input Leakage, Pins 27, 28, IILK
Output Current, Pin 2, IOL
VOL = +0.4V
0.36
-
-
mA
Output Current, Pin 2, IOH
VOH = VDD -0.8V
265
-
-
µA
Input Rate of Change, dVlN /dt
Supplies Well Bypassed
-
15
-
mV/µs
50
75
-
mA
-
µA
Digit Driver: Pins 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11
Low Output Current, IOL
VOUT = +1.3V
High Output Current, IOH
VOUT = VDD -2.5V
-
100
High Output Current, IOH
VOUT = VDD -2.0V
10
15
Leakage Current, ISLK
VOUT = VDD -2.5V
-
-
10
µA
Input Low Voltage, VlNL
-
-
VDD 2.0
V
Input High Voltage, VINH
VDD 0.8
-
-
V
100
360
-
kΩ
Segment Driver: Pins 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
mA
Multiplex Inputs: Pins 1, 13, 14
Input Resistance to VDD, RlN
5
VIN = VDD -1.0V
ICM7216B
Timing Diagram
40ms
INTERNAL
STORE
30ms TO 40ms
60ms
FUNCTION:
TIME INTERVAL
INTERNAL
RESET
40ms
UPDATE
190ms TO 200ms
UPDATE
PRIMING
MEASUREMENT INTERVAL
MEASUREMENT
IN PROGRESS
(INTERNAL ON
7216B)
INPUT A
PRIMING EDGES
INPUT B
250ns MIN
MEASURED
INTERVAL
(FIRST)
MEASURED
INTERVAL
(LAST)
NOTE:
5. If range is set to 1 event, first and last measured interval will coincide.
FIGURE 1. WAVEFORMS FOR TIME INTERVAL MEASUREMENT (OTHERS ARE SIMILAR, BUT WITHOUT PRIMING PHASE)
Typical Performance Curves
30
20
4.5 ≤ VDD ≤ 6V
fA (MAX) FREQUENCY UNIT COUNTER,
FREQUENCY RATIO MODES
-20oC
25oC
ISEG (mA)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
15
10
fA (MAX) fB (MAX) PERIOD,
TIME INTERVAL MODES
20
85oC
10
5
TA = 25oC
0
0
3
4
5
6
VDD-VSS (V)
FIGURE 2. fA(MAX), fB(MAX) AS A FUNCTION OF SUPPLY
6
0
1
2
VDD-VOUT (V)
FIGURE 3. TYPICAL ISEG vs VDD-VOUT
3
ICM7216B
Typical Performance Curves
(Continued)
200
200
TA = 25oC
-20oC
VDD = 5V
VDD = 5.5V
25oC
50
IDIGIT (mA)
IDIGIT (mA)
150
85oC
100
VDD = 4.5V
100
50
50
0
VDD = 5V
0
0
1
2
0
3
1
FIGURE 4. TYPICAL IDIGIT vs VOUT
Description
2
3
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
FIGURE 5. TYPICAL IDIGIT vs VOUT
.
TABLE 1. MULTIPLEXED INPUT FUNCTIONS
INPUTS A and B
FUNCTION
INPUTS A and B are digital inputs with a typical switching
threshold of 2V at VDD = 5V. For optimum performance the
peak-to-peak input signal should be at least 50% of the
supply voltage and centered about the switching voltage.
When these inputs are being driven from TTL logic, it is
desirable to use a pullup resistor. The circuit counts high to
low transitions at both inputs. (INPUT B is available only on
lCM7216B).
FUNCTION INPUT
(Pin 3, lCM7216B Only)
RANGE INPUT, Pin 14
Note that the amplitude of the input should not exceed the
device supply (above the VDD and below the VSS) by more
than 0.3V, otherwise the device may be damaged.
The FUNCTION, RANGE, CONTROL and EXTERNAL
DECIMAL POINT inputs are time multiplexed to select the
function desired. This is achieved by connecting the
appropriate Digit driver output to the inputs. The function,
range and control inputs must be stable during the last half
of each digit output, (typically 125µs). The multiplexed inputs
are active low for the common cathode lCM7216B and
lCM7216D.
Noise on the multiplex inputs can cause improper operation.
This is particularly true when the unit counter mode of
operation is selected, since changes in voltage on the digit
drivers can be capacitively coupled through the LED diodes
to the multiplex inputs. For maximum noise immunity, a 10kΩ
resistor should be placed in series with the multiplexed
inputs as shown in the application circuits.
Table 1 shows the functions selected by each digit for these
inputs.
7
D1
D8
Frequency Ratio
D2
Time Interval
D5
Unit Counter
D4
Oscillator Frequency
D3
0.01s/1 Cycle
D1
0.1s/10 Cycles
D2
1s/100 Cycles
D3
Display Off
Display Test
External DP INPUT
(Pin 13, ICM7216D Only)
DIGIT
Period
10s/1K Cycles
CONTROL INPUT, Pin 1
Multiplexed Inputs
Frequency
D4
D4 and
Hold
D8
1MHz Select
D2
External Oscillator Enable
D1
External Decimal Point
Enable
D3
Decimal point is output for same digit
that is connected to this input.
ICM7216B
COUNTED
TRANSITIONS
50ns MIN
INPUT A
4.5V
0.5V
tr = tf = 10ns
50ns MIN
FIGURE 6. WAVEFORM FOR GUARANTEED MINIMUM
fA(MAX) FUNCTION = FREQUENCY,
FREQUENCY RATIO, UNIT COUNTER
9.
MEASURED
INTERVAL
250ns
MIN
INPUT A OR 4.5V
INPUT B 0.5V
250ns
MIN
tr = tf = 10s
FIGURE 7. WAVEFORM FOR GUARANTEED MINIMUM
fB(MAX) AND fA(MAX) FOR FUNCTION = PERIOD
AND TIME INTERVAL
Function Input
The six functions that can be selected are: Frequency,
Period, Time Interval, Unit Counter, Frequency Ratio and
Oscillator Frequency. This input is available on the
lCM7216B only.
The implementation of different functions is done by routing
the different signals to two counters, called “Main Counter”
and “Reference Counter”. A simplified block diagram of the
device for functions realization is shown in Figure 8. Table 2
shows which signals will be routed to each counter in
different cases. The output of the Main Counter is the
information which goes to the display. The Reference
Counter divides its input by 1, 10, 100 and 1000. One of
these outputs will be selected through the range selector
and drive the enable input of the Main Counter. This means
that the Reference Counter, along with its associated blocks,
directs the Main Counter to begin counting and determines
the length of the counting period. Note that Figure 8 does not
show the complete functional diagram (See the Functional
Block Diagram). After the end of each counting period, the
output of the Main Counter will be latched and displayed,
then the counter will be reset and a new measurement cycle
will begin. Any change in the FUNCTION INPUT will stop the
present measurement without updating the display and then
initiate a new measurement. This prevents an erroneous first
reading after the FUNCTION INPUT is changed. In all
cases, the 1-0 transitions are counted or timed.
INTERNAL CONTROL
INTERNAL CONTROL
100Hz
INPUT
SELECTOR
INPUT A
CLOCK
INPUT B
REFERENCE COUNTER
÷1
INTERNAL CONTROL
INTERNAL OR
EXTERNAL
OSCILLATOR
INTERNAL CONTROL
÷10
÷100 ÷1000
RANGE SELECTOR
ENABLE
INPUT
SELECTOR
INPUT A
CLOCK
MAIN COUNTER
FIGURE 8. SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF FUNCTIONS IMPLEMENTATION
TABLE 2. 7216B INPUT ROUTING
TABLE 2. 7216B INPUT ROUTING
FUNCTION
MAIN
COUNTER
REFERENCE COUNTER
FUNCTION
MAIN
COUNTER
REFERENCE COUNTER
Frequency (fA)
Input A
100Hz (Oscillator ∏÷105 or
104)
Time Interval
(A→B)
Oscillator
Input A
Input B
Period (tA)
Oscillator
Input A
Unit Counter
(Count A)
Input A
Not Applicable
Ratio (fA /fB)
Input A
Input B
Osc. Freq.
(fOSC)
Oscillator
100Hz (Oscillator ∏÷105 or
104)
8
ICM7216B
Frequency - In this mode input A is counted by the Main
Counter for a precise period of time. This time is determined
by the time base oscillator and the selected range. For the
10MHz (or 1MHz) time base, the resolutions are 100Hz,
10Hz, 1Hz and 0.1Hz. The decimal point on the display is set
for kHz reading.
Period - In this mode, the timebase oscillator is counted by
the Main Counter for the duration of 1, 10, 100 or 1000
(range selected) periods of the signal at input A. A 10MHz
timebase gives resolutions of 0.1µs to 0.0001µs for 1000
periods averaging. Note that the maximum input frequency
for period measurement is 2.5MHz.
Frequency Ratio - In this mode, the input A is counted by
the Main Counter for the duration of 1, 10, 100 or 1000
(range selected) periods of the signal at input B. The
frequency at input A should be higher than input B for
meaningful result. The result in this case is unitless and its
resolution can go up to three digits after decimal point.
Time Interval - In this mode, the timebase oscillator is
counted by the Main Counter for the duration of a 1-0
transition of input A until a 1-0 transition of input B. This
means input A starts the counting and input B stops it. If other
ranges, except 0.01s/1 cycle are selected the sequence of
input A and B transitions must happen 10, 100 or 1000 times
until the display becomes updated; note this when measuring
long time intervals to give enough time for measurement
completion. The resolution in this mode is the same as for
period measurement. See the Time Interval Measurement
section also.
Unit Counter - In this mode, the Main Counter is always
enabled. The input A is counted by the Main Counter and
displayed continuously.
Oscillator Frequency - In this mode, the device makes a
frequency measurement on its timebase. This is a self test
mode for device functionality check. For 10MHz timebase
the display will show 10000.0, 10000.00, 10000.000 and
Overflow in different ranges.
Range Input
The RANGE INPUT selects whether the measurement
period is made for 1, 10, 100 or 1000 counts of the
Reference Counter. As it is shown in Table 1, this gives
different counting windows for frequency measurement and
various cycles for other modes of measurement.
In all functional modes except Unit Counter, any change in
the RANGE INPUT will stop the present measurement
without updating the display and then initiate a new
measurement. This prevents an erroneous first reading after
the RANGE INPUT is changed.
Control Input
Unlike the other multiplexed inputs, to which only one of the
digit outputs can be connected at a time, this input can be
9
tied to different digit lines to select combination of controls.
In this case, isolation diodes must be used in digit lines to
avoid crosstalk between them (see Figure 14). The direction
of diodes depends on the device version, common anode or
common cathode. For maximum noise immunity at this input,
in addition to the 10K resistor which was mentioned before,
a 39pF to 100pF capacitor should also be placed between
this input and the VDD or VSS (See Figure 14).
Display Off - To disable the display drivers, it is necessary to
tie the D4 line to the CONTROL INPUT and have the HOLD
input at VDD . While in Display Off mode, the segments and
digit drivers are all off, leaving the display lines floating, so the
display can be shared with other devices. In this mode, the
oscillator continues to run with a typical supply current of
1.5mA with a 10MHz crystal, but no measurements are made
and multiplexed inputs are inactive. A new measurement
cycle will be initiated when the HOLD input is switched to VSS .
Display Test - Display will turn on with all the digits showing
8s and all decimal points on. The display will be blanked if
Display Off is selected at the same time.
1MHz Select - The 1MHz select mode allows use of a 1MHz
crystal with the same digit multiplex rate and time between
measurement as with a 10MHz crystal. This is done by
dividing the oscillator frequency by 104 rather than 105. The
decimal point is also shifted one digit to the right in period
and time interval, since the least significant digit will be in µs
increment rather than 0.1µs increment.
External Oscillator Enable - In this mode, the signal at EXT
OSC INPUT is used as a timebase instead of the on-board
crystal oscillator (built around the OSC INPUT, OSC
OUTPUT inputs). This input can be used for an external
stable temperature compensated crystal oscillator or for
special measurements with any external source. The onboard crystal oscillator continues to work when the external
oscillator is selected. This is necessary to avoid hang-up
problems, and has no effect on the chip's functional
operation. If the on-board oscillator frequency is less than
1MHz or only the external oscillator is used, the OSC INPUT
must be connected to the EXT OSC INPUT providing the
timebase has enough voltage swing for OSC INPUT (See
Electrical Specifications). If the external timebase is TTL
level a pullup resistor must be used for OSC INPUT. The
other way is to put a 22MΩ resistor between OSC INPUT
and OSC OUTPUT and capacitively couple the EXT OSC
INPUT to OSC INPUT. This will bias the OSC INPUT at its
threshold and the drive voltage will need to be only 2VP-P .
The external timebase frequency must be greater than
100kHz or the chip will reset itself to enable the on-board
oscillator.
External Decimal Point Enable - In this mode, the EX DP
INPUT is enabled (lCM7216D only). A decimal point will be
displayed for the digit that its output line is connected to this
input (EX DP INPUT). Digit 8 should not be used since it will
ICM7216B
override the overflow output. Leading zero blanking is
effective for the digits to the left of selected decimal point.
Hold Input
Except in the unit counter mode, when the HOLD input is
at VDD , any measurement in progress (before STORE goes
low) is stopped, the main counter is reset and the chip is
held ready to initiate a new measurement as soon as HOLD
goes low. The latches which hold the main counter data are
not updated, so the last complete measurement is displayed.
In unit counter mode when HOLD input is at VDD , the
counter is not stopped or reset, but the display is frozen at
that instantaneous value. When HOLD goes low the count
continues from the new value in the new counter.
Decimal Point Position
Table 3 shows the decimal point position for different modes
of lCM7216 operation. Note that the digit 1 is the least
significant digit. Table 3 is for 10MHz timebase frequency.
Overflow Indication
When overflow happens in any measurement it will be
indicated on the decimal point of the digit 8. A separate LED
indicator can be used. Figure 9 shows how to connect this
indicator.
a
RESET Input
f
The RESET input resets the main counter, stops any
measurement in progress, and enables the main counter
latches, resulting in an all zero output. A capacitor to ground
will prevent any hang-ups on power-up.
b
g
e
c
DP
d
FIGURE 9. SEGMENT IDENTIFICATION AND DISPLAY FONT
MEASUREMENT IN PROGRESS
This output is provided in lCM7216D. It stays low during
measurements and goes high for intervals between
measurements. It is provided for system interfacing and can
drive a low power Schottky TTL or one ECL load if the ECL
device is powered from the same supply as lCM7216D.
Overflow will be indicated on the decimal point output of
digit 8. A separate LED overflow indicator can be connected
as follows:
DEVICE
ICM7216B/D
CATHODE
ANODE
D8
Decimal Point
TABLE 3. DECIMAL POINT POSITIONS
RANGE
FREQUENCY
PERIOD
FREQUENCY
RATIO
TIME
INTERVAL
UNIT
COUNTER
OSCILLATOR
FREQUENCY
D2
D2
D1
D2
D1
D2
0.01s/1 Cycle
0.1s/10 Cycle
D3
D3
D2
D3
D1
D3
1s/100 Cycle
D4
D4
D3
D4
D1
D4
10s/1K Cycle
D5
D5
D4
D5
D1
D5
Time Interval Measurement
When in the time interval mode and measuring a single
event, the lCM7216B must first be “primed” prior to measuring
the event of interest. This is done by first generating a
negative going edge on Channel A followed by a negative
going edge on Channel B to start the “measurement interval”.
10
The inputs are then primed ready for the measurement.
Positive going edges on A and B, before or after the priming,
will be needed to restore the original condition.
Priming can be easily accomplished using the circuit in
Figure 10 (next page).
ICM7216B
SIGNAL A
2
INPUT A
2
INPUT B
SIGNAL B
VDD
VDD
PRIME
N.O.
150K
1
1
1
1
10K
1N914
100K
0.1µF
VSS
10nF
VSS
VSS
DEVICE
TYPE
1
CD4049B Inverting Buffer
2
CD4070B Exclusive - OR
FIGURE 10. PRIMING CIRCUIT, SIGNALS A AND B BOTH
HIGH OR LOW
Following the priming procedure (when in single event or 1
cycle range) the device is ready to measure one (only)
event.
When timing repetitive signals, it is not necessary to “prime”
the lCM7216B as the first alternating signal states
automatically prime the device. See Figure 1.
During any time interval measurement cycle, the lCM7216B
require 200ms following B going low to update all internal
logic. A new measurement cycle will not take place until
completion of this internal update time.
Oscillator Considerations
The oscillator is a high gain CMOS inverter. An external
resistor of 10MΩ to 22MΩ should be connected between the
OSCillator INPUT and OUTPUT to provide biasing. The
oscillator is designed to work with a parallel resonant 10MHz
quartz crystal with a static capacitance of 22pF and a series
resistance of less than 35Ω.
For a specific crystal and load capacitance, the required gM
can be calculated as follows:
C O 2

2
g M = ω C IN C OUT R S  1 + --------
CL 

 C IN C OUT 
where C L =  ---------------------------------
 C IN + C OUT
CO = Crystal Static Capacitance
RS = Crystal Series Resistance
CIN = Input Capacitance
COUT = Output Capacitance
ω = 2πf
The required gM should not exceed 50% of the gM specified
for the lCM7216 to insure reliable startup. The OSCillator
11
INPUT and OUTPUT pins each contribute about 5pF to CIN
and COUT . For maximum stability of frequency, CIN and
COUT should be approximately twice the specified crystal
static capacitance.
In cases where non decade prescalers are used it may be
desirable to use a crystal which is neither 10MHz or 1MHz.
In that case both the multiplex rate and time between
measurements will be different. The multiplex rate is
f OSC
f OSC
f MUX = ------------------- for 10MHz mode and f MUX = ------------------- for
4
3
2 × 10
2 × 10
the 1MHz mode. The time between measurements is
6
5
2 × 10
2 × 10
------------------- in the 10MHz mode and ------------------- in the 1MHz mode.
f OSC
f OSC
The crystal and oscillator components should be located as
close to the chip as practical to minimize pickup from other
signals. Coupling from the EXTERNAL OSClLLATOR INPUT
to the OSClLLATOR OUTPUT or INPUT can cause
undesirable shifts in oscillator frequency.
Display Considerations
The display is multiplexed at a 500Hz rate with a digit time of
244µs. An interdigit blanking time of 6µs is used to prevent
display ghosting (faint display of data from previous digit
superimposed on the next digit). Leading zero blanking is
provided, which blanks the left hand zeroes after decimal
point or any non zero digits. Digits to the right of the decimal
point are always displayed. The leading zero blanking will be
disabled when the Main Counter overflows.
The lCM7216B and lCM7216D are designed to drive
common cathode displays at peak current of 15mA/segment
using displays with VF = 1.8V at 15mA. Resistors can be
added in series with the segment drivers to limit the display
current in very efficient displays, if required. The Typical
Performance Curves show the digit and segment currents as
a function of output voltage.
To get additional brightness out of the displays, VDD may be
increased up to 6.0V. However, care should be taken to see
that maximum power and current ratings are not exceeded.
The segment and digit outputs in lCM7216s are not directly
compatible with either TTL or CMOS logic when driving
LEDs. Therefore, level shifting with discrete transistors may
be required to use these outputs as logic signals.
Accuracy
In a Universal Counter crystal drift and quantization effects
cause errors. In frequency, period and time interval
modes, a signal derived from the oscillator is used in either
the Reference Counter or Main Counter. Therefore, in
these modes an error in the oscillator frequency will cause
an identical error in the measurement. For instance, an
oscillator temperature coefficient of 20 PPM will cause a
------------------o
measurement error of 20 PPM
C
------------------o
C
ICM7216B
measurements there can be an error of 1 count per interval.
As a result there is the same inherent accuracy in all ranges
as shown in Figure 12. In frequency ratio measurement can
be more accurately obtained by averaging over more cycles of
INPUT B as shown in Figure 13.
In addition, there is a quantization error inherent in any digital
measurement of ±1 count. Clearly this error is reduced by
displaying more digits. In the frequency mode the maximum
accuracy is obtained with high frequency inputs and in period
mode maximum accuracy is obtained with low frequency
inputs (as can be seen in Figure 11). In time interval
0
0
FREQUENCY MEASURE
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
SIGNIFICANT DIGITS
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
SIGNIFICANT DIGITS
1
0.01s
0.1s
1s
10s
2
4
1 CYCLE
10 CYCLES
102 CYCLES
103 CYCLES
6
2
MAXIMUM TIME INTERVAL
FOR 103 INTERVALS
3
4
MAXIMUM TIME
INTERVAL FOR
102 INTERVALS
5
6
MAXIMUM TIME INTERVAL
FOR 10 INTERVALS
7
PERIOD MEASURE
fOSC = 10MHz
8
1
10
103
FREQUENCY (Hz)
8
105
1
107
102
10
103
104
105
106
107
108
TIME INTERVAL (µs)
FIGURE 11. MAXIMUM ACCURACY OF FREQUENCY AND
PERIOD MEASUREMENTS DUE TO LIMITATIONS
OF QUANTIZATION ERRORS
FIGURE 12. MAXIMUM ACCURACY OF TIME INTERVAL
MEASUREMENT DUE TO LIMITATIONS OF
QUANTIZATION ERRORS
0
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
SIGNIFICANT DIGITS
1
RANGE
2
3
1 CYCLE
10 CYCLES
102 CYCLES
103 CYCLES
4
5
6
7
8
1
10
102
103
104
fA /fB
105
106
107
108
FIGURE 13. MAXIMUM ACCURACY FOR FREQUENCY RATIO MEASUREMENT DUE TO LIMITATION OF QUANTIZATION ERRORS
12
ICM7216B
Test Circuit
VDD
INPUT A
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
DISPLAY DISPLAY
BLANK
TEST 1MHz
INPUT B
D8
FR
D2
TI.
D5
U.C.
O.F.
1
28
2
27
3
26
DP
4
25
e
g
5
24
6
23
a
7
FUNCTION
F
8
D4
D3
TEST
39pF
TYP
39pF
ICM7216A
D4
22MΩ
22
D2
21
D3
9
20
D4
b
10
19
D5
c
11
18
f
12
17
D6
13
16
D7
14
15
D8
D2
D1
D5
1N914s
EXT
OSC
INPUT
8
TYPICAL CRYSTAL SPECS:
F = 10MHz PARALLEL RESONANCE
CL = 22pF
RS = <35Ω
VDD
RANGE
D1
D2
10kΩ
8
D3
D4
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
LED
OVERFLOW
INDICATOR
D8
10MHz
CRYSTAL
D1
d
RESET
6
EXT
OSC
10kΩ
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
P
10kΩ
HOLD
100pF
10K
D1
VDD
VDD
.01/1
4
.1/10
1/100
10/1K
8
DP
D8
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
FIGURE 14. TEST CIRCUIT (ICM7216A SHOWN, OTHERS SIMILAR)
Typical Applications
The lCM7216 has been designed for use in a wide range of
Universal and Frequency counters. In many cases, prescalers
will be required to reduce the input frequencies to under 10MHz.
Because INPUT A and INPUT B are digital inputs, additional
circuitry is often required for input buffering, amplification,
hysteresis, and level shifting to obtain a good digital signal.
The lCM7216B can be used as a minimum component
complete Universal Counter as shown in Figure 15. This
circuit can use input frequencies up to 10MHz at INPUT A
and 2MHz at INPUT B. If the signal at INPUT A has a very
low duty cycle it may be necessary to use a 74LS121
monostable multivibrator or similar circuit to stretch the input
pulse width to be able to guarantee that it is at least 50ns in
duration.
To measure frequencies up to 40MHz the circuit of
Figure 16 can be used. To obtain the correct measured
value, it is necessary to divide the oscillator frequency by
13
four as well as the input frequency. In doing this the time
between measurements is also lengthened to 800ms and
the display multiplex rate is decreased to 125Hz.
If the input frequency is prescaled by ten, then the oscillator
can remain at 10MHz or 1MHz, but the decimal point must
be moved one digit to the right. Figure 17 shows a frequency
counter with a ÷10 prescaler and an lCM7216A. Since there
is no external decimal point control with the lCM7216B, the
decimal point may be controlled externally with additional
drivers as shown in Figure 17. Alternatively, if separate
anodes are available for the decimal points, they can be
wired up to the adjacent digit anodes. Note that there can be
one zero to the left of the decimal point since the internal
leading zero blanking cannot be changed. In Figure 18
additional logic has been added to count the input directly in
period mode for maximum accuracy. In Figures 17 and 18,
INPUT A comes from QC of the prescaler rather than QD to
obtain an input duty cycle of 40%.
ICM7216B
VDD
EXT
DISPLAY DISPLAY
OSC
BLANK
TEST ENABLE
VDD
INPUT A
10kΩ
39pF
TYP
100pF
HOLD
CONTROL
SWITCHES
22MΩ
28
1
INPUT B
10kΩ
F
D1
P
D8
F.R.
D2
T.I.
D5
D3
O.F.
27
3
26
FUNCTION
0.1µF
4
25
5
24
D2
6
23
DP
D4
7
22
g
21
e
D5
9
20
a
D6
10
19
d
D7
11
18
D8
12
17
b
13
16
c
14
15
6
8
RESET
RANGE
D1
D2
D3
10kΩ
D4
SEC
D6
D5
CYCLES
D1
0.01
1.0
D2
0.1
10.0
D3
1.0
100.0
D4
10.0
1K
VDD
8
SEGMENT DRIVERS
f
8
D4
D3
8
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
DP
DIGIT
DRIVERS
D7
D2
D1
D8
LED
OVERFLOW
INDICATOR
FIGURE 15. 10MHz UNIVERSAL COUNTER
14
D1
EXT
OSC
INPUT
4
COMMON CATHODE LED DISPLAY
D8
D8
1N914s
3
D1
ICM7216B
D4
10MHz
CRYSTAL
39pF
VDD
D3
8
D4
U.C.
2
100kΩ
ICM7216B
INPUT A
J 3
P
4
1
CL
K 2
C
15
1/ 74LS112
2
Q 6
Q 5
K 12
10
P
V+
13 CL
J 11
3kΩ
Q 9
Q 7
VDD
VDD
C
14
1/ 74LS112
2
EXT
OSC DISPLAY DISPLAY
ENABLE
OFF
TEST
VDD
10kΩ
39pF
39pF
HOLD
100pF
100kΩ
2
27
D1
3
26
D3
4
25
D2
5
24
6
23
D4
22MΩ
DP
8
21
g
e
D6
9
20
a
D7
10
19
d
D8
11
18
12
17
b
13
16
c
14
15
f
22
RESET
8
ICM7216D
1N914s
LED
OVERFLOW
INDICATOR
VDD
RANGE
D1
D2
4
COMMON CATHODE LED DISPLAY
D4
D6
D2
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
DP
DP
D8
D7
3
8
D3
D8
D8
EXT
OSC
INPUT
10kΩ
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
D4
2.5MHz
CRYSTAL
D5
7
0.1µF
D1
28
1
D5
D4
D3
D1
8
OVERFLOW
INDICATOR
FIGURE 16. 40MHz FREQUENCY COUNTER
15
ICM7216B
VDD
INPUT B
INPUT A
CK1 CK2
QA
QA
VDD
30pF
TYP
39pF
HOLD
11C90
DP
1
28
2
27
3
26
4
25
e
g
5
24
6
23
a
7
0.1µF
22
D2
D3
20
D4
b
10
19
D5
c
11
18
f
12
17
D6
13
16
D7
14
15
D8
8
D8
D2
8
4
VSS
4
VDD
1kΩ
DP
RANGE
D1
D1
10kΩ
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
10MHz
CRYSTAL
D1
21
10kΩ
F
22MΩ
9
RESET
D1
ICM7216A
1N914 D7
d
8
F.R.
10kΩ
10kΩ
3kΩ
3kΩ
P
DISPLAY
TEST
100pF
QC
74LS90 OR
11C90
VDD
VDD
CK1 CK2
QC
VDD
D2
D2
D3
D3
1kΩ
2N2222
D4
D4
COMMON ANODE LED DISPLAY
40Ω
DP
D8
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
LED
OVERFLOW
INDICATOR
FIGURE 17. 100MHz MULTIFUNCTION COUNTER
16
D3
D2
D1
8
ICM7216B
INPUT A
11C90
CK1
CK2 QA OC
3kΩ
74LS00
VDD
VDD
VDD
VDD
3kΩ
VDD
10kΩ
10kΩ
100pF
100kΩ
10kΩ
39pF
TYP
39pF
VDD
10kΩ
2N2222
HOLD
FUNCTION SWITCH
OPEN: FREQ.
CLOSED: PERIOD
1
28
2
27
3
26
4
25
e
5
24
g
6
23
a
7
V+
DP
8
0.1µF
22
D2
21
D3
9
20
D4
b
10
19
D5
c
11
18
f
12
17
D6
13
16
D7
14
15
D8
8
2
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
D1
13
CD4016
4
CONT
3
D8
4
1kΩ
4
2N2222
VDD
VSS
DP
RANGE
D2
D2
D3
D3
1kΩ
1kΩ
2N2222
D4
COMMON ANODE LED DISPLAY
40Ω
DP
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
FIGURE 18. 100MHz FREQUENCY, 2MHz PERIOD COUNTER
17
VSS
D1
D1
D4
LED
OVERFLOW
D8 INDICATOR
5
D3
10MHz
CRYSTAL
8
10kΩ
1
CONT
D1
d
RESET
10kΩ
ICM7216A
22MΩ
D2
D1
8
ICM7216B
Dual-In-Line Plastic Packages (PDIP)
E28.6 (JEDEC MS-011-AB ISSUE B)
28 LEAD DUAL-IN-LINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
N
E1
INDEX
AREA
1 2 3
INCHES
N/2
SYMBOL
-B-
-C-
A2
SEATING
PLANE
e
B1
A1
D1
eC
B
0.010 (0.25) M
C A B S
MAX
NOTES
-
0.250
-
6.35
4
0.015
-
0.39
-
4
A2
0.125
0.195
3.18
4.95
-
B
0.014
0.022
0.356
0.558
-
C
L
B1
0.030
0.070
0.77
1.77
8
eA
C
0.008
0.015
0.204
0.381
-
D
1.380
1.565
D1
0.005
-
A
L
D1
MIN
A
E
D
MAX
A1
-ABASE
PLANE
MILLIMETERS
MIN
C
eB
NOTES:
1. Controlling Dimensions: INCH. In case of conflict between English and
Metric dimensions, the inch dimensions control.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2 of
Publication No. 95.
4. Dimensions A, A1 and L are measured with the package seated in
JEDEC seating plane gauge GS-3.
5. D, D1, and E1 dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions.
Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
6. E and eA are measured with the leads constrained to be perpendicular to datum -C- .
7. eB and eC are measured at the lead tips with the leads unconstrained.
eC must be zero or greater.
8. B1 maximum dimensions do not include dambar protrusions. Dambar
protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
9. N is the maximum number of terminal positions.
10. Corner leads (1, N, N/2 and N/2 + 1) for E8.3, E16.3, E18.3, E28.3,
E42.6 will have a B1 dimension of 0.030 - 0.045 inch (0.76 - 1.14mm).
35.1
39.7
5
-
5
0.13
E
0.600
0.625
15.24
15.87
6
E1
0.485
0.580
12.32
14.73
5
e
0.100 BSC
2.54 BSC
-
eA
0.600 BSC
15.24 BSC
6
eB
-
0.700
-
17.78
7
L
0.115
0.200
2.93
5.08
4
N
28
28
9
Rev. 1 12/00
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
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