Application Note, V1.1, October 2007 AP16120 XC2000 & XE166 Families Sca la bl e Pa ds - El ec tr ica l Spe ci fi ca tion . Sca la bl e Ou tpu t Dr i vers in 130 nm CMO S T ech no logy Microcontrollers AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Edition 2007-10 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2007 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. 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Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body, or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. Application Note AP16120 2 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Revision History: 2007-10 Previous Version: none Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) V1.1 We Listen to Your Comments Any information within this document that you feel is wrong, unclear or missing at all? Your feedback will help us to continuously improve the quality of this document. Please send your proposal (including a reference to this document) to: [email protected] Application Note AP16120 3 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Table of Contents Page 1 Preface ...................................................................................5 2 2.1 2.2 Introduction .............................................................................6 Pad driver scaling in detail ......................................................6 Physical basics .......................................................................7 3 XC2000 Test Configuration...................................................10 4 Measured Timings ................................................................11 5 5.1 5.2 Measured Electromagnetic Emission ....................................32 Description of test equipment................................................32 Emission test result discussion .............................................34 6 6.1 6.2 Recommended Settings for Signal Categories......................38 General.................................................................................38 Decision Tables and Graphs.................................................39 Annex A: Measured rise/fall waveforms .............................................57 Annex B: Measured emission spectra................................................95 Annex C: Glossary...........................................................................121 Application Note AP16120 4 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 1 Preface Output driver scaling, also referred to as „slew rate control“, is an effective technique to reduce the electromagnetic emission of an integrated circuit by reducing the driver strength and/or smoothing the rising and falling edges of one or more pad output drivers. Output driver scaling makes sense only when a certain margin regarding signal frequency and/or capacitive output load is available. Any driver scaling must maintain proper signal integrity. This application note presents a huge set of output driver characterization data, which shall enable the system designers to select proper driver settings to reduce the electromagnetic emission caused by the driver switching, while maintaining the desired signal integrity. Parameters under consideration are switching frequency, capacitive output load, and ambient temperature. Chapter 2 introduces physical basics behind the scaling. Chapter 3 describes the XC2000 software initialization for timing and emission measurements. Chapter 4 provides values and comparison diagrams of measured rise/fall times under various conditions. Chapter 5 compares several measured electromagnetic emissions under various conditions. Chapter 6 recommends useful settings for the drivers by introducing signal categories and giving lots of decision tables and graphs. Annex A shows the waveforms of all measured rise/fall times. Annex B shows all measured emission spectra used for the discussions in Chapter 5. Annex C explains all abbreviations used in this application note in a glossary. Guideline to use this application note In most cases an appropriate driver setting is searched for, based on a given signal data rate, a given capacitive load connected to this signal, and a given maximal ambient temperature. In this case the diagrams given in Chapter 6 provide the required pad driver settings. These suitable pad driver settings lead to minimum electromagnetic emission under the given constraints for data rate, capacitive load, and operating temperature. In addition, the measured values of rise and fall times for all driver settings listed in comparison diagrams can be referred in Chapter 4. The impact of driver settings on electromagnetic emission can be estimated from the comparison diagrams in Chapter 5. Annex A and B serve as data pool for detailled timing and electromagnetic emission behaviour for all pad driver settings under various temperature and capacitve load conditions. Note that emissions are always measured at room temperature (25°C). Important notes The information given in this application note is valid for Infineon microcontrollers of the XC2000 and XE166 families, fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology. The application note refers to the XC2000 microcontroller family, however the same data also applies to the XE166 microcontroller family. Please note that all numbers given in this application note are not guaranteed in the microcontroller data sheets. They are verified by design without being monitored during the IC fabrication process. The numbers are based on timing measurements performed on center lot devices. Fabrication process windows may lead to deviations of below 10%. Application Note AP16120 5 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 2 Introduction The output driver scaling principle of the XC2000 microcontrollers is shown in Fig. 1. The driver configuration is possible by setting corresponding control bits in the port-related output control registers. Fig. 2 shows the bit contents of these registers. 2.1 Pad driver scaling in detail 2.1.1 Driver characteristics Basically, we distinguish between driver control and edge control. Driver control bits set the general DC driving capability of the respective driver. Reducing the driver strength increases the output’s internal resistance which attenuates noise that is imported/exported via the output line. For a given external load, charging and discharging time varies with the driver strength, thus the rise/fall times will change accordingly. For driving LEDs or power transistors, however, a stable high output current may still be required independent of low toggle rates which would normally allow to decide for weaker drivers due to their low transitions and thus low noise emission. Figure 1: Pad output driver schematic The controllable output drivers of the XC2000 pins feature three differently sized transistors (strong, medium, and weak) for each direction (push and pull). The time of activating/deactivating these transistors determines the output characteristics of the respective port driver. The strength of the driver can be selected to adapt the driver characteristics to the application’s requirements: In Strong Driver Mode, the medium and strong transistors are activated. In this mode the driver provides maximum output current even after the target signal level is reached. In Medium Driver Mode, only the medium transistor is activated while the other transistors remain off. In Weak Driver Mode, only the weak transistor is activated while the other transistors remain off. This results in smooth transitions with low current peaks (and reduced susceptibility for noise) on the cost of increased transition times, i.e. slower edges, depending on the capacitive load, and low static current. The XC2000 microcontrollers offer a system clock output EXTCLK at Port 2.8 which is able to drive an external load at original or down-scaled toggle rate. To serve clock rates above 40MHz, this pin EXTCLK is equipped with an additional Extra-Strong Mode driver whose driving capability exceeds the one of the standard “Strong-Sharp” driver. Figure 2: Port output control register specification Deviating from Fig. 2, pins [12:8] of Port2 are configured by bit field PDM2, but pin 8 uses its extrastrong driver whenever PDM3 contains an odd number. Application Note AP16120 6 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 2.1.2 Edge Characteristics Signal slopes or edges define the rise/fall time for the respective output, i.e. the output transition time. Soft edges reduce the peak currents that are drawn when changing the voltage level of an external capacitive load. For a bus interface, however, sharp edges may still be required. Edge characteristic are controlled by the pad pre-driver which controls the final output driver stage. The Port Output Control registers POCONx provide the corresponding control bits. A 3-bit control field configures the driver strength and the edge shape. Word ports consume four control nibbles each, byte ports consume two control nibbles each, where each control field controls 4 pins of the respective port. Fig. 2 shows an example of a POCON register and the allocation of control bit fields and port pins. In this guideline, the scaling effects of the XC2000 microcontrollers’ output drivers fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology are described. It serves as a reference addendum to the respective microcontroller product specifications where the individual bit settings can be found. 2.2 Physical basics Two main constraints have to be met when deciding for a certain clock driver setting: signal integrity and power integrity. Both issues will be discussed after a general introduction to capacitive load charging. 2.2.1 Load charging Generally, a switching transistor output stage delivers charge to its corresponding load capacitor during rising edge and draws charge from its load capacitor during falling edge. Timing diagrams normally show the signal’s voltage over time characteristics. However, the resulting timing is a result of the electrical charge transfer described above. Charge is transferred by flowing current. A bigger pad driver means a smaller resistance in the loading path of the external load. Fig. 3 shows the load current and voltage of two examples of pad drivers connected to a load of C=40pF. The strong driver has an output resistance of 25Ω, the weak driver 50Ω. For times t<0, the output voltage is 0V. At t=0, the load capacitor C is connected to the target output voltage U=5V via the respective driver pullup transistor. As a reaction, the load current steps immediately to the value I=U/R. I is bigger for smaller values of R. This means that the strong driver generates a bigger current jump and charges the load capacitor in a shorter time. In frequency domain, the current peak which is resulting from the charging of the load capacitor and from the over- or undershoots, causes significant RF energy and thus electromagnetic emission on the pad power supply. These effects are discussed in chapter 2.2.3. Not only the pad Application Note AP16120 Charging Voltage and Current at 40pF Load 4.5 0.18 4 0.16 3.5 0.14 3 0.12 2.5 0.1 2 0.08 1.5 0.06 1 0.04 0.5 0.02 0 -2.0E-09 0.0E+00 2.0E-09 4.0E-09 6.0E-09 8.0E-09 Current [A] 0.2 5 Voltage [V] In time domain this leads to bigger reflections for not adapted driver impedances. Since typical trace impedances range from 60 to 120Ω , a strong driver with Z=10Ω is poorly adapted and may cause big voltage overand undershoots. A weak driver with Z=100Ω may fit perfectly and generate a clean voltage switching signal without over- or undershoots. These effects are discussed in chapter 2.2.2. 0 1.0E-08 Time [s] Voltage R=50Ohm Voltage R=25Ohm Current R=50Ohm Current R=25Ohm Figure 3: Current-/voltage charging curves for different driver strengths driver 7 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes impedance, but also the connected capacitive load determines the electromagnetic emission amplitudes. Fig. 4 illustrates the differences in charging current and voltage between a capacitive load of 40pF and one of 20pF. In both cases, the driver impedance is set to 50Ω. This disadvantage can be compensated by chosing a smaller pad driver, i.e. a weaker driver setting, causing bigger driver impedance and thus smaller di/dt for the charging current. The selection of a weaker driver setting slows down the pad switching time, so care must be taken to maintain the required signal integrity. 2.2.2 Charging Voltage and Current at 50Ohm Driver Impedance 4.5 0.18 4 0.16 3.5 0.14 3 0.12 0.1 2.5 2 0.08 1.5 0.06 1 0.04 0.5 0.02 0 -2.0E-09 0.0E+00 2.0E-09 4.0E-09 6.0E-09 8.0E-09 Current [A] 0.2 5 Voltage [V] As expected, the charging voltage increases faster for a smaller load. However, the starting value of the charging current is only determined by the driver impedance and is thus load-independent. The load affects only the speed of load current decrease. It decreases faster if the load is smaller. This means on the other hand a bigger di/dt for smaller loads, resulting in higer emission for smaller loads. 0 1.0E-08 Time [s] Voltage Cload=40pF Voltage Cload=20pF Current Cload=40pF Current Cload=20pF Figure 4: Current-/voltage charging curves for different capacitive loads Signal integrity Maintaining signal integrity means to select the rise/fall times such that all signal handshaking and data communication timings and levels are ensured for proper system operation. This means the data interchange between the microcontroller and external ICs like Flash memory, line drivers, receivers and transmitters etc. runs properly. Therefore, it has to be taken into account that CMOS transistors become slower with rising temperature. Thus the timing of a critical signal has to be matched for proper operation at highest ambient temperature. Depending on the application, common temperature ranges are up to 85°C or up to 125°C. Several automotive control units specify an ambient temperature range from -40°C up to 125°C. The die temperature may reach values up to 150°C during operation. Rules: • Choose driver characteristics to meet the DC driving requirements. Make sure that the DC current provided by the microcontroller’s pad drivers is sufficient to drive actuators into the desired logic state. • Choose edge settings to meet system timing constraints at the highest system temperature. Make sure that no too strong driver settings are selected. This Application Note AP16120 Figure 5: Signal over- and undershoots 8 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes would lead to unnecessarily fast signal edges, causing two disadvantages regarding electromagnetic emission: (1) The slopes are too fast and cause undesired high emission energy at higher frequencies; (2) Over- and undershoot appears with the danger of latchup, spikes leading to wrong logic states or increased data stable delays and undesired high frequency emission. • 2.2.3 If system timing requires short signal rise/fall times, series termination is recommended to avoid over-/undershoot at signal transitions, see Fig. 5. The value of the termination resistor has to be chosen identical to the signal line impedance. Power integrity / Electromagnetic emission Any switching between low and high voltage levels generates RF noise. This happens whenever the switching voltage or the switching current has no sinusoidal shape. Switching currents are mainly responsible for electromagnetic emission because of the voltage drop across line inductances such as bond wires and lead frames. Any shapes other than sinusoidal are composed by the overlay of multiple frequencies, also known as harmonics. To reach a significantly steep edge of a trapezoidal voltage of a clock signal, short current pulses during the edges are required. These switching currents are outlined as nearly triangular peaks which are composed from the base frequency and a set of odd and even harmonics, depending Figure 6: Spectrum envelope for different clocks and edges on the exact pulse shape. The steeper a switching pulse is, the higher frequencies are required to form the rising and falling edges. A rise time of 1ns leads to a spectrum composed from harmonics up to at least 500 MHz. Assuming a 100MHz (10ns period) clock signal consisting of 10% rise time, 40% high level, 10% fall time and 40% low level, this clock signal already generates at least harmonics up to 500MHz. Unfortunately not the clock frequency, but the rise/fall times determine the resulting RF spectrum. Even if a clock driver operates at a relatively low toggle rate, it may generate the same RF spectrum as if it would operate at a significantly higher toggle rate – as long as its rise/fall times are not adjusted to the lower toggle rate by slowing down the transitions. For example, if the mentioned 100MHz clock driver operates at only 10 MHz, its rise/fall times should be extended from 1 ns to 10 ns, still maintaining the 10% ratio relatively to the clock period time. Fig. 6 illustrates that behaviour. Rule: • Choose driver and edge characteristics to result in lowest electromagnetic emission while meeting all system timing requirements at highest system temperature. Application Note AP16120 9 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 3 XC2000 Test Configuration Timing and EMI measurements in this docment use the active EXTCLK (P2.8) pin. P2.8 offers the full scale of driver settings: extra-strong, strong-sharp, strong-medium, strong-soft, medium, weak. Roughly, these settings can be linked to driven data rates, as documented in Chapter 6. Note that the actual data rate which can be driven by the selected driver depends on additional parameters like external capacitive load, pad supply voltage and ambient temperature. The “standard” driver settings for EXTCLK are configured by bit field PDM2 in the Port2 Control Register (P2_POCON; address E8A4H), see Fig. 7. The extra-strong driver is selected whenever PDM3 contains an odd number. Figure 7: Port output control register specification EXTCLK (P2.8) is activated and configured by the following register settings: External Clock Control Register (EXTCON; address FF5EH): EXTCON[4:0]=00101B Select fPLL as clock source and enable this clock on P2.8. Port2 Control Register (P2_POCON; address E8A4H): Contents select the driver strength, see Table 1. Driver Setting Abbreviation Data rate 1) P2_POCON Weak WEA ≤ 500 kHz 03xxh Medium MED ≤ 4 MHz 04xxh Strong-soft SSO ≤ 25 MHz 02xxh Strong-medium SME ≤ 40 MHz 01xxh Strong-sharp SSH ≤ 66 MHz 00xxh Extra-strong XST 80 MHz 1xxxh Table 1: Driver settings in the XC2000 family 1) Operating conditions are: VDDP0=5.0V, CLOAD=10pF, TA=25°C, VOL<10%, VOH >90%. Application Note AP16120 10 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 4 Measured Timings 4.1.1 Measurement conditions and naming conventions The test configuration listed in chapter 3 applies. Accordingly, all timings are measured at EXTCLK (P2.8). In addition, the following parameters are varied for timing measurements: • Pad supply voltage VDDP0 in 2 steps: 3.3V and 5.0V. • Capacitive load in 5 steps: 10pF, 15pF, 22pF, 33pF, 47pF • Ambient temerature in 3 steps: -40°C, +25°C, +125°C • For rise/fall time values at other temperatures, a linear interpolation can be done. • Electromagnetic emission is always measured at TA=25°C. Load capacitors are selected in a way that together with the measurement probe capacitance of 3pF total capacitance values of 13pF up to 50pF are reached. Table 2 shows the reference between real loads and numbers given in the result diagrams. For easy reading, these capacitances are referred to the SMD capacitor values as 10, 15, 22, 33, 47pF in the result diagrams. SMD load capacitor Probe capacitance Resulting physical capacitance 10pF 3 pF 13 pF 15 pF 3 pF 18 pF 22 pF 3 pF 25 pF 33 pF 3 pF 36 pF 47 pF 3 pF 50 pF Table 2: Overview of capacitive loads used for timing measurements Figure 8: Voltage level references for timing measurement at VDDP0=3.3V Application Note AP16120 11 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 9: Voltage level references for timing measurement at VDDP0=5.0V The results given in Table 4 and in the diagrams of Chapter 4.1.3 show the measured rising and falling edge timings. The reference points are 10% and 90% as indicated in Fig. 8 and 9. Table 3 lists all parameter variations and test names for reference. These test names are used to indicate the driver settings and load configurations used inChapter 4.1.3. All measurements have been performed for VDDP0=3.3V and VDDP0=5.0V at ambient temperatures TA=-40°C, 25°C and 125°C. Application Note AP16120 12 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Test Name Driver strength Connected physical capacitor Resulting load capacitance XS-10pF Extra-strong 10pF 13 pF XS-15pF Extra-strong 15 pF 18 pF XS-22pF Extra-strong 22 pF 25 pF XS-33pF Extra-strong 33 pF 36 pF XS-47pF Extra-strong 47 pF 50 pF SH-10pF Strong-sharp 10pF 13 pF SH-15pF Strong-sharp 15 pF 18 pF SH-22pF Strong-sharp 22 pF 25 pF SH-33pF Strong-sharp 33 pF 36 pF SH-47pF Strong-sharp 47 pF 50 pF SM-10pF Strong-medium 10pF 13 pF SM-15pF Strong-medium 15 pF 18 pF SM-22pF Strong-medium 22 pF 25 pF SM-33pF Strong-medium 33 pF 36 pF SM-47pF Strong-medium 47 pF 50 pF SO-10pF Strong-soft 10pF 13 pF SO-15pF Strong-soft 15 pF 18 pF SO-22pF Strong-soft 22 pF 25 pF SO-33pF Strong-soft 33 pF 36 pF SO-47pF Strong-soft 47 pF 50 pF ME-10pF Medium 10pF 13 pF ME-15pF Medium 15 pF 18 pF ME-22pF Medium 22 pF 25 pF ME-33pF Medium 33 pF 36 pF ME-47pF Medium 47 pF 50 pF WE-10pF Weak 10pF 13 pF WE-15pF Weak 15 pF 18 pF WE-22pF Weak 22 pF 25 pF WE-33pF Weak 33 pF 36 pF WE-47pF Weak 47 pF 50 pF Table 3: Abbreviations used in the timing result diagrams Application Note AP16120 13 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 4.1.2 Rise/fall time values Table 4 lists the measured 10% / 90% rise and fall times of all driver, voltage, load and ambient temperature conditions. The related waveform are shown in Annex A. Driver = „Extra-sharp“; VDDP0 = 3.3V TA (°C) -40 +25 +125 CL=10pF tR (ns) tF (ns) 2.03 1.85 2.24 1.94 3.62 2.17 CL=15pF tR (ns) tF (ns) 2.53 2.29 4 2.82 4.45 3.08 CL=22pF tR (ns) tF (ns) 3.03 2.57 4.17 2.9 4.87 4.08 CL=33pF tR (ns) tF (ns) 3.82 3.17 4.86 3.68 5.89 4.6 CL=47pF tR (ns) tF (ns) 4.86 4.02 5.8 4.39 7.1 5.69 Driver = „Extra-sharp“; VDDP0 = 5.0V TA (°C) -40 +25 +125 CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) 1.62 1.58 1.94 1.91 2.09 2.12 2.56 2.52 3.21 3.21 1.77 1.63 2.16 2.23 2.22 2.25 2.76 2.73 3.43 3.42 1.8 1.68 2.46 2.29 2.88 2.96 3.69 3.43 4.39 3.98 Driver = „Strong-sharp“; VDDP0 = 3.3V CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) -40 4.38 4.73 5.06 5.39 6.34 5.9 7.36 6.46 9.29 7.7 +25 5.3 5.53 7.23 6.6 7.15 6.85 8.65 7.75 10.43 8.57 +125 6.2 6.05 8.06 7.46 9.27 8.38 10.8 9.24 12.48 10.34 Driver = „Strong-sharp“; VDDP0 = 5.0V TA (°C) -40 +25 +125 CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) 2.63 3.49 3.55 3.76 3.99 4.15 4.64 4.83 5.64 5.62 3.29 3.81 4.33 4.63 4.42 4.6 5.15 5.33 6.58 6.53 3.99 4.47 5 5.23 5.91 5.93 7.38 7 8.62 7.72 Driver = „Strong-medium“; VDDP0 = 3.3V CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) -40 9.85 9.49 10.45 10.2 11.55 11 12.26 11.6 14 13.06 +25 11.94 11.01 13.35 12.23 14.1 12.7 13.9 13.85 16.6 15.28 +125 13.6 13.05 16.24 14.6 18.19 16.24 19.2 16.86 20.46 17.85 Driver = „Strong-medium“; VDDP0 = 5.0V TA (°C) -40 +25 +125 CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) 5.89 6.09 6.56 6.7 6.89 6.91 7.5 7.7 8.9 8.93 6.85 6.84 8.05 8.15 8.28 8.14 9.15 8.92 10.35 10.2 8.77 8.4 10.09 9.69 11.2 10.51 12.69 11.69 13.1 12.59 Application Note AP16120 14 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Driver = „Strong-soft“; VDDP0 = 3.3V TA (°C) -40 +25 +125 CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) 13.7 13.7 14.8 15.02 16.38 16.34 16.6 16.4 19.06 17.66 16 15.44 17.9 18.08 18.75 18.55 19.7 19.5 21 20.63 18.62 18.42 21.58 21 24.15 21.91 26.84 24.6 25.49 24.86 Driver = „Strong-soft“; VDDP0 = 5.0V CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) -40 8.08 8.49 8.97 9.26 9.3 9.7 9.94 10.49 11.2 11.47 +25 9.3 9.73 10.75 11 11.13 11.32 11.65 12.15 13 13.25 +125 11.92 11.73 13.9 12.92 14.91 14.49 16.6 15.59 17 16.2 Driver = „Medium“; VDDP0 = 3.3V TA (°C) -40 +25 +125 CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) 21.6 25.4 25.4 27.05 28.29 30.55 31.56 34.06 37.8 38.24 25.86 29.2 32.1 34.7 33.9 35.5 38.1 38.95 42.13 42.68 30.6 34.24 38.2 40.4 43.59 45.15 49.04 49.24 54.12 51.24 Driver = „Medium“; VDDP0 = 5.0V TA (°C) -40 +25 +125 CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) 14.2 17.25 16.41 19.32 18.34 20.66 20.89 23.31 24.99 27.29 16.01 18.8 22 23.73 21.3 23.47 24.6 26.8 29 30.8 20.8 23.29 24.73 27.8 28 31 32.6 35.19 36.09 37.89 Driver = „Weak“; VDDP0 = 3.3V CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) -40 121 278.64 137.6 276.92 145.68 279.69 161.09 290.13 187.25 314.9 +25 142 312.46 169.15 334.5 174.9 348.37 197.95 357.5 219.2 349.88 +125 163 370.44 195.92 393.11 216.67 425.59 247.04 436.91 266 432.24 Driver = „Weak“; VDDP0 = 5.0V TA (°C) -40 +25 +125 CL=10pF CL=15pF CL=22pF CL=33pF CL=47pF tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) TA (°C) tR (ns) tF (ns) tR (ns) tF (ns) 75.01 137.61 90.41 148 93 147.41 103.61 150.1 120.21 170.2 85.21 154.93 108 175.4 108.85 173.25 125.5 185.45 141.05 203.1 108.2 193.69 126.21 214.6 142.59 223.61 163.21 243.09 174.4 246.21 Table 4: Measured rise/fall times Application Note AP16120 15 V1.1, 2007-10 Application Note AP16120 16 Mode [Driver, Load] pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 XS XS XS XS XS SH SH SH SH SH SM SM SM SM SM SO SO SO SO SO ME ME ME ME ME WE WE WE WE WE 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Rise Time -40° Fall Time -40° Rise Time 25° Fall Time 25° Rise Time 125° Fall Time 125° 4.1.3 450 500 Rise and Fall Timings; 3.3V AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Rise/fall time diagrams Figure 10: Rise/fall time values for all driver settings at VDDP0=3.3V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise, Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 17 Mode [Driver, Load] pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 10 15 22 33 47 XS XS XS XS XS SH SH SH SH SH SM SM SM SM SM SO SO SO SO SO ME ME ME ME ME WE WE WE WE WE 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Rise Fall Timeings; 5.0V Rise Time -40° Fall Time -40° Rise Time 25° Fall Time 25° Rise Time 125° Fall Time 125° AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 11: Rise/fall time values for all driver settings at VDDP0=5.0V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise, Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 18 10 Mode [Driver, Load] pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 2 1 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 4 2 3 4 1 1 3 1 1 2 XS XS XS XS XS SH SH SH SH SH SM SM SM SM SM SO SO SO SO SO ME ME ME ME ME 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Rise Fall Timing; 3.3V Rise Time -40° Fall Time -40° Rise Time 25° Fall Time 25° Rise Time 125 Fall Time 125° AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 12: Rise/fall time values for all but weak driver settings at VDDP0=3.3V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise, Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 19 10 Mode [Driver, Load] pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 0pF 5pF 2pF 3pF 7pF 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 3 4 1 4 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 4 3 1 2 1 XS XS XS XS XS SH SH SH SH SH SM SM SM SM SM SO SO SO SO SO ME ME ME ME ME 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Rise Fall Timings; 5.0V Rise Time -40° Fall Time -40° Rise Time 25° Fall Time 25° Rise Time 125° Fall Time 125° AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 13: Rise/fall time values for all but weak driver settings at VDDP0=5.0V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise, Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -40 -20 0 40 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 20 80 100 Extra Strong Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V 120 XS 10 pF Rise Time XS 10 pF Fall Time XS 15 pF Rise Time XS 15 pF Fall Time XS 22 pF Rise Time XS 22 pF Fall Time XS 33 pF Rise Time XS 33 pF Fall Time XS 47 pF Rise Time XS 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 14: Rise/fall time values for extra-strong driver over temperature at VDDP0=3.3V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 21 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 Extra Strong Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V 120 XS 10 pF Rise Time XS 10 pF Fall Time XS 15 pF Rise Time XS 15 pF Fall Time XS 22 pF Rise Time XS 22 pF Fall Time XS 33 pF Rise Time XS 33 pF Fall Time XS 47 pF Rise Time XS 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 15: Rise/fall time values for extra-strong driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 120 Strong Driver - Sharp Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V SH 10 pF Rise Time SH 10 pF Fall Time SH 15 pF Rise Time SH 15 pF Fall Time SH 22 pF Rise Time SH 22 pF Fall Time SH 33 pF Rise Time SH 33 pF Fall Time SH 47 pF Rise Time SH 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 16: Rise/fall time values for strong-sharp driver over temperature at VDDP0=3.3V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 120 Strong Driver - Sharp Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V SH 10 pF Rise Time SH 10 pF Fall Time SH 15 pF Rise Time SH 15 pF Fall Time SH 22 pF Rise Time SH 22 pF Fall Time SH 33 pF Rise Time SH 33 pF Fall Time SH 47 pF Rise Time SH 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 17: Rise/fall time values for strong-sharp driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 24 0 5 10 15 20 25 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 120 Strong Driver - Medium Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V SM 10 pF Rise Time SM 10 pF Fall Time SM 15 pF Rise Time SM 15 pF Fall Time SM 22 pF Rise Time SM 22 pF Fall Time SM 33 pF Rise Time SM 33 pF Fall Time SM 47 pF Rise Time SM 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 18: Rise/fall time values for strong-medium driver over temperature at VDDP0=3.3V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 25 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 120 Strong Driver - Medium Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V SM 10 pF Rise Time SM 10 pF Fall Time SM 15 pF Rise Time SM 15 pF Fall Time SM 22 pF Rise Time SM 22 pF Fall Time SM 33 pF Rise Time SM 33 pF Fall Time SM 47 pF Rise Time SM 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 19: Rise/fall time values for strong-medium driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 26 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 Strong Driver - Soft Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V 120 SO 10 pF Rise Time SO 10 pF Fall Time SO 15 pF Rise Time SO 15 pF Fall Time SO 22 pF Rise Time SO 22 pF Fall Time SO 33 pF Rise Time SO 33 pF Fall Time SO 47 pF Rise Time SO 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 20: Rise/fall time values for strong-soft driver over temperature at VDDP0=3.3V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 27 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 Strong Driver - Soft Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V 120 SO 10 pF Rise Time SO 10 pF Fall Time SO 15 pF Rise Time SO 15 pF Fall Time SO 22 pF Rise Time SO 22 pF Fall Time SO 33 pF Rise Time SO 33 pF Fall Time SO 47 pF Rise Time SO 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 21: Rise/fall time values for strong-soft driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 28 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 Medium Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V 120 ME 10 pF Rise Time ME 10 pF Fall Time ME 15 pF Rise Time ME 15 pF Fall Time ME 22 pF Rise Time ME 22 pF Fall Time ME 33 pF Rise Time ME 33 pF Fall Time ME 47 pF Rise Time ME 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 22: Rise/fall time values for medium driver over temperature at VDDP0=3.3V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 29 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 Medium Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V 120 ME 10 pF Rise Time ME 10 pF Fall Time ME 15 pF Rise Time ME 15 pF Fall Time ME 22 pF Rise Time ME 22 pF Fall Time ME 33 pF Rise Time ME 33 pF Fall Time ME 47 pF Rise Time ME 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 23: Rise/fall time values for medium driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 30 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 Weak Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 3.3V 120 WE 10 pF Rise Time WE 10 pF Fall Time WE 15 pF Rise Time WE 15 pF Fall Time WE 22 pF Rise Time WE 22 pF Fall Time WE 33 pF Rise Time WE 33 pF Fall Time WE 47 pF Rise Time WE 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 24: Rise/fall time values for weak driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] Application Note AP16120 31 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 -40 -20 0 20 60 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 100 Weak Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure; 5.0V 120 WE 10 pF Rise Time WE 10 pF Fall Time WE 15 pF Rise Time WE 15 pF Fall Time WE 22 pF Rise Time WE 22 pF Fall Time WE 33 pF Rise Time WE 33 pF Fall Time WE 47 pF Rise Time WE 47 pF Fall Time AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 25: Rise/fall time values for weak driver over temperature at VDDP0=5.0V V1.1, 2007-10 Rise/Fall Time [ns] AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 5 Measured Electromagnetic Emission In addition to signal integrity, the scaling of pad drivers helps to reduce electromagnetic emission (EME) caused by switching output pins. This is because slower signal edges produce less high frequency contents in the emission spectra. The following rule should be obeyed when selecting pad driver strength: Use the weakest/slowest driver setting which provides the required signal timing at worst-case operating conditions. Worst-case operating conditions wrt. timing are: - maximal ambient temperature (+125°C) - minimal pad supply voltage (3.3V) - realistic capacitive output load (consider trace length and structure, receiver input loads) - weak driver settings Worst-case operating conditions wrt. electromagnetic emission are: - minimal ambient temperature (-40°C) - maximal pad supply voltage (5.0V) - extra-strong driver settings To illustrate the benefits of driver scaling for low EME, some sample measurement results are provided. The measurements have been performed under the following operating conditions: EXTCLK (Port 2.8) is toggling at maximal possible data rate of selected driver with capacitive loads of 10pF and 47pF. All other I/Os are inactive. The core is running in idle loop. Conducted emission is measured at pad supply (VDDP0) according to chapter 5.1.1. Radiated emission is measured in mini-TEM cell according to chapter 5.1.2. 5.1 Description of test equipment 5.1.1 Conducted emission configuration test Conducted emission is measured using the standardized 150Ω network, see Fig. 26. This network is used for both port and power supply emission measurements. The frequency range is from 150kHz to 1000MHz. For reference purpose, only the emission measured on the supply domains VDDP0 is documented. Emission reduction can be observed in a similar way on other power supply domains and on passive (i.e. nonswitching) pad pins. 150Ω networks are provided for conducted emission measurements according IEC 61967 part 4 and BISS emission test specification. Figure 26: Conducted emission probing points Application Note AP16120 32 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 5.1.2 Radiated emission test configuration Radiated emission is measured using the standard Mini TEM Cell according IEC 61967 part 2 and BISS emission test specification. The frequency range is from 150kHz to 1000MHz. Figure 27: Radiated emission test setup 5.1.3 Instruments and software for emission data recognition Spectrum analyzer: Rohde & Schwarz FSP7 Detector type: Peak detector Pre-Amplifier: internal Measurement time: For all measurements, the emission measurement time (10ms) at one frequency is longer than the test software loop duration. Data generation software: Rohde&Schwarz EMIPAK 9950 Environment: temperature 23°C ±5°C Supply: nominal voltage ±5% Spectrum Analyzer TEM 150 Ω Frequency range RBW 150 kHz to 30 MHz 30 MHz to 200 MHz 200 MHz to 1000 MHz Sweep time* ts = 10kHz NP ⋅ LT ⋅ FR RBW Table 5: Spectrum analyzer settings for EME measurements *) NP=number of points; LT=loop time; FR=frequency range Application Note AP16120 33 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 5.2 Emission test result discussion The detailled measured emission spectra are given in Annex B. The comparison diagrams in Fig. 28 to 33 explain typical trends and benefits when using pad driver scaling. Pin EXTCLK (Port 2.8) is toggling at different data rates which have been selected according the driver capability wrt. to driver scaling, driver supply voltage VDDP0, external load and temperature. In all cases the external load was 10pF. All emission measurements have been performed on the XC2267/XC2287. The system clock frequency has been selected to be identical to the EXTCLK clock rate in case the latter one is above or equal to 20MHz. For lower EXTCLK clk rates, the system clock frequency stays at 20MHz. The data rates vary from 66MHz (EXTRA-STRONG driver) down to 500kHz (WEAK driver). Emissions are measured either directly on VDDP0 (conducted. Shown are the peak envelope lines which connect all peak emission values of the clock rate harmonics. Fig. 28 compares the conducted electromagnetic emission caused by all 6 driver settings which is visible on the VDDP0 net. The driver supply voltage VDDP0 is 5.0V. Weak and medium driver settings cause no significant emission. All stronger settings need to be used with care and only where necessary because up to more than 30dB increased emission of the application must be anticipated when using strong driver settings. dBµV COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var. 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz STRONG-SHARP 40MHz STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz STRONG-SOFT 20MHz MEDIUM 2MHz WEAK 500kHz 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 28: Conducted emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/5.0V Fig. 29 compares the radiated electromagnetic emission caused by all 6 driver settings. The driver supply voltage VDDP0 is 5.0V. Generally the radiated emission levels stay below the conducted emission levels by roughly 10dB in the base frequency range. From ca. 200MHz to 500MHz, the TEM cell radiation is slightly higher than the conducted one. Above 500MHz the two emission types arre comparable. Beside these facts, the same observations and recommendations as for conducted emission hold true. Weak and medium driver settings cause no significant emission. All stronger settings need to be used with care and only where necessary because up to more than 30dB increased emission of the application must be anticipated when using strong driver settings. Application Note AP16120 34 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var. 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz STRONG-SHARP 40MHz STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz STRONG-SOFT 20MHz MEDIUM 2MHz WEAK 500kHz 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 29: Radiated emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/5.0V If the pad operating voltage VDDP0 is reduced from 5.0V to 3.3V, the conducted and radiated emissions drop down by roughly 6-10dB, as it is shown in Fig. 30 for conducted and in Fig. 31 for radiated emission. dBµV COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var. 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz STRONG-SHARP 40MHz STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz STRONG-SOFT 10MHz MEDIUM 2MHz WEAK 500kHz 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 30: Conducted emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/3.3V Application Note AP16120 35 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var. 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz STRONG-SHARP 40MHz STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz STRONG-SOFT 10MHz MEDIUM 2MHz WEAK 500kHz 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 31: Radiated emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/3.3V Fig. 32 and 33 compare the emission peaks of 5.0V and 3.3V driver operation, indicating a roughly 610dB benefit for the reduced VDDP0 voltage. dBµV COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=var., Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var. 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 5.0V STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 5.0V STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 5.0V STRONG-SOFT 20MHz 5.0V EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 3.3V STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 3.3V STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 3.3V STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 3.3V 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 32: Conducted emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/3.3V and 5.0V Application Note AP16120 36 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV COMPARISON: XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=var., fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=var., Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at var. Frequency / Driver set to var. 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 5.0V STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 5.0V STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 5.0V STRONG-SOFT 20MHz 5.0V EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 3.3V STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 3.3V STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 3.3V STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 3.3V 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 33: Radiated emission Spectra for different drivers at 10pF/3.3V and 5.0V Conclusions: Generally all strong driver settings (strong-soft, strong-medium, strong-sharp and extra-strong) lead to considerable emission. Consequently, all “low-rate” signals up to ca. 2MHz should be driven by medium or weak drivers. All “high-rate” signals above ca. 2MHz require strong driver settings in order to achieve good signal integrity. Nevertheless, the slowest slew rate which provides sufficient signal integrity should be selected. Up to ca. 10MHz, this is the strong-soft setting. Strong-medium and above settings should only be used in exceptional cases when a fast system clock needs to be driven across the system board or a high-speed memory bus is operated. Detailed selection diagrams for the recommended driver settings depending on given data rates are provided in Chapter 6. Application Note AP16120 37 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 6 Recommended Settings for Signal Categories 6.1 General In the previous chapters, many detailed data was provided for the impact of driver settings and load capacitance on the resulting rise and fall times as well as on conducted and radiated emission. Generally, the required signal integrity determines the selection of driver strength and slew rate for a given toggle rate and capacitive load. However, due to the simultaneous impact on electromagnetic emission, the weakest possible driver setting which still meets the signal integrity should be chosen. To decide for the proper pad driver settings for a signal, its electrical characteristics should be considered. This leads to the definition of signal categories by means of clock or data transfer (AC view) or current driving capability (DC view). According to these views, any signal can be classified as shown in Table 6. Signal category Clock rate Capacitive load DC driving capability System clock >20MHz 10 … 50 pF n/a High-speed data line 5 … 20 MHz 10 … 50 pF n/a Low-speed data line 0.5 … 5 MHz 10 … 50 pF n/a Low-speed control line <1 MHz <20 pF n/a High-current control line n/a n/a 10 … 30 mA Medium-current control line n/a n/a 1 … 10 mA Low-current control line n/a n/a <1 mA Table 6: Signal categories The following settings for pad output drivers are available, see also Table 7: • extra-strong driver / no edge configuration available • strong driver / sharp edge • strong driver / medium edge • strong driver / soft edge • medium driver / no edge configuration available • weak driver / no edge configuration available Driver configuration Edge configuration Signal category Capacitive Load DC Current 1) EXTRA-STRONG none System clock >40MHz High n/a STRONG SHARP System clock >20MHz Medium 2.5 / 10 mA STRONG MEDIUM System clock Low 2.5 / 10 mA High-speed data lines High High-speed data lines Low High-current control lines All Low-speed data lines All Medium-current control lines All Very low-speed control lines All Low-current control line All STRONG MEDIUM WEAK SOFT none none 2.5 / 10 mA 1.0 / 4.0 mA 0.1 / 0.5 mA Table 7: Recommended Output Driver Settings Application Note AP16120 38 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Note 1) in Table 7: Two values are given for the DC current of GPIO pins in the format “nominal / max mA”. The “max mA” value can only be drawn from a pin if maximal 2 other pins in the same 16bit port group are also driving this maximum current. This restriction is due to danger of electromigration damage. The following parameters determine the final selection of driver settings: 6.2 • signal performance category (AC and DC) • maximal temperature • maximal acceptable electromagnetic emission Decision Tables and Graphs Following the recommendations given above, the driver setting selection should be based on (1) proper signal integrity and (2) minimal electromagnetic emission. Since electromagnetic emission increases with stronger driver settings, the weakest driver and slew rate settings should be selected that are able to force the rise/fall times required for the desired signal integrity. This chapter offers decision numbers in table and graphical format for proper driver settings at maximum clock or data rates expected to be driven. The rise/fall times occupy 1/6th of the clock period each, see Fig. 34 on top. Alternatively, the rise/fall times occupy 1/4th of the clock period each, see Fig. 34 on bottom. U 90% T/6 T T/6 10% t U 90% T/4 T T/4 10% t Figure 34: Assumed rise/fall timing conditions related to signal period Please note that all values given in this chapter are proposals for system application designers using Infineon XC2200 microcontrollers in 0.13µm CMOS technology. They are based on timing measurements performed on center lot devices. Thus all values are subject to less than 10% offset depending according fabrication process variation. Additionally, pad supply voltages different from nominal conditions impact the resulting timing. The finally selected driver setting should consider these facts. Application Note AP16120 39 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Fig. 35 shows an example of a decision graph. Figure 35: Assumed rise/fall timing conditions related to signal period The title of each diagram indicates the conditions (Edge/Voltage/Temperature) for the shown values: Edge is either “T/4” (meaning the rise time and the fall time take each 1/4 of the data rate period) or “T/6” (meaning the rise time and the fall time take each 1/6 of the data rate period). Voltage indicates the I/O pad supply voltage VDDP0 and is either “3.3V” or “5.0V”. Temperature indicates the ambient temperature and is either “125°C”, “110°C”, “85°C”, “70°C”, “25°C” or “-40°C”. The maximal clock/data rate to meet good signal integrity is given in [MHz] for capacitive loads of 10, 15, 22, 33, 47 pF and driver selections of weak, medium, strong soft/medium/sharp/extra-strong. In Fig. 35, the resulting maximum data rates for the strong-medium driver are marked with red circles: If the strong-medium driver is loaded with 10pF (which means actually 13pF including the oscilloscope probe load) it is capable to drive a clean 37MHz signal (under the above mentioned edge/voltage/temperature conditions). An 18pF load (15+3pF) can be driven at 31MHz. A 25pF load (22+3pF) can be driven at 30MHz. A 36pF load (33+3pF) can be driven at 28MHz. A 50pF load (47+3pF) can be driven at 26MHz. Application Note AP16120 40 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Other examples from Fig. 35: A 20MHz signal can be driven up to ca. 30pF load by a strong-soft driver. At 50pF, a strong-medium driver is required. Of course a strong-medium or even a stronger driver can be selected for 20MHz at 20pF, but this causes unnecessarily high electromagnetic emission and should be avoided. General rule: Select always the weakest possible driver which is able to toggle the maximal desired data rate at the given external load, supply voltage and temperature. The capability of the weak driver stays below 1MHz for all loads. Exact values are not resolved sufficiently in the diagrams; the exact values must be taken from Tables 8 and 9, as described below. The rise/fall times occupy 1/6th of the clock period each, see Fig. 34 on top. This relation should be acceptable for most interface signals and protocols. Tables 8 and 9 give an overview of the maximal toggle rates in [MHz] for all driver settings (WEA = weak, MED = medium, SSO = strong-soft, SME = strong-medium, SSH =strong-sharp, XST = extrastrong) connected to capacitive loads of 10, 15, 22, 33, and 47 pF. Each ambient temperature is marked by its own color. According to the microcontroller specification or marking, one of the following maximum temperatures should apply: 125°C, 110°C, 85°C, 70°C. The other temperatures, 25°C and -40°C, are given for reference only. In Table 8, the rise/fall times are assumed to occupy 1/6th of the clock period, see Fig. 34 on top. In Table 9, the rise/fall times are assumed to occupy 1/4th of the clock period, see Fig. 34 on bottom. Fig. 36-59 show the values of Tables 9 and 10 in the graphical representation explained in Fig. 35, separated by ambient temperatures and driver types. In the respective titles, “16% Edges” stands for rise/fall times occupying 1/6th of the clock period; “25% Edges” stands for rise/fall times occupying 1/4th of the clock period. If other than 1/4 or 1/6 rise/fall times are intended, the values of either Table 9 or Table 10 must be taken and extrapolated. Example: Rise and fall time should be each 1/10 of the data rate. We are interested in a data rate of 10MHz at 15pF with VDDP0=3.3V, TA=85°C. Fetch the values from Table 8 and multiply them by 6/10=0.6 or fetch the values from Table 9 and multiply them by 4/10=0.4. The resulting values for 1/10 edge are shown in Table 8. DRIVER 1/4 EDGE 1/6 EDGE 1/10 EDGE XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 58,71 32,44 16,73 12,48 6,59 0,681 39,14 21,23 11,15 8,32 4,4 0,454 23,484 12,976 6,692 4,992 2,636 0,2724 Table 8: Calculated max. data rate [MHz] for 1/10 edges Application Note AP16120 41 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 5V XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 46,04 26,88 12,25 8,95 4,87 0,5 3,3V 15 22 37,45 34,22 20,68 17,98 10,26 9,16 7,72 6,9 4,13 3,69 0,424 0,392 33 28,3 15,43 8,68 6,21 3,38 0,381 47 23,47 13,35 8,15 6,54 3,08 0,385 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 50,29 27,37 12,51 9,17 4,99 0,462 15 38,08 21,03 10,6 7,95 4,23 0,435 22 35,08 18,78 9,56 7,2 3,84 0,405 33 29,2 16,01 9,18 6,55 3,52 0,364 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 57,38 28,18 12,94 9,54 5,2 0,483 15 39,14 21,23 11,15 8,32 4,4 0,454 22 36,52 20,11 10,23 7,7 4,09 0,426 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 61,64 28,67 13,19 9,76 5,33 0,496 15 39,77 21,98 11,48 8,55 4,5 0,465 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 74,4 30,14 13,96 10,42 5,71 0,533 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 82,1 35,24 16,92 12,17 6,56 0,598 125°C 110°C 85°C 70°C 25°C -40°C XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 92,59 37,29 19 13,98 7,16 0,86 15 67,75 31,87 16,52 11,99 6 0,777 22 56,31 28,11 14,88 11,18 5,38 0,745 33 45,17 22,58 13,13 10,04 4,74 0,686 47 37,97 19,33 12,72 9,8 4,4 0,677 47 24,26 13,75 8,43 6,75 3,2 0,399 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 92,83 38,25 19,8 14,45 7,41 0,893 15 68,8 32,49 17,11 12,46 6,15 0,803 22 58,97 29,32 15,67 11,71 5,64 0,778 33 47,45 23,89 13,9 10,59 4,96 0,786 47 39,56 20,23 13,23 10,22 4,55 0,698 33 30,7 16,97 10 7,11 3,74 0,335 47 25,58 14,4 8,9 7,1 3,41 0,422 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 93,22 39,87 21,13 15,24 7,84 0,947 15 70,55 33,52 18,09 13,25 6,41 0,846 22 63,41 31,36 16,98 12,6 6,07 0,832 33 51,25 26,06 15,17 11,51 5,33 0,953 47 42,22 21,73 14,07 10,91 4,8 0,734 22 37,38 20,91 10,62 7,99 4,24 0,439 33 31,59 17,54 10,5 7,45 3,88 0,428 47 26,37 14,8 9,19 7,31 3,53 0,436 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 93,46 40,84 21,93 15,71 8,1 0,979 15 71,59 34,14 18,68 13,73 6,56 0,872 22 66,08 32,58 17,77 13,13 6,33 0,865 33 53,54 27,36 15,93 12,06 5,55 0,803 47 43,81 22,63 14,58 11,33 4,96 0,756 15 41,67 23,05 12,48 9,22 4,8 0,498 22 39,97 23,31 11,82 8,89 4,69 0,478 33 34,29 19,27 11,99 8,46 4,28 0,466 47 28,74 15,98 10,04 7,94 3,91 0,476 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 94,16 43,74 24,33 17,13 8,87 1,076 15 74,74 36 20,45 15,15 7,02 0,95 22 74,07 36,23 20,13 14,72 7,1 0,962 33 60,39 31,27 18,21 13,72 6,22 0,899 47 48,59 25,33 16,1 12,58 5,41 0,821 15 65,88 30,92 15,95 11,1 6,16 0,601 22 55,01 26,29 14,43 10,18 5,46 0,596 33 43,63 22,64 13,59 10,04 4,89 0,574 47 34,29 17,94 11,9 8,74 4,36 0,529 10 XST 102,88 SSH 47,76 SME 27,67 SSO 19,63 MED 9,66 WEA 1,211 15 82,91 44,33 24,88 18 8,63 1,126 22 78,62 40,16 24,12 17,18 8,07 1,131 33 65,1 34,51 21,65 15,89 7.15 1,11 47 51,92 29,55 18,66 14,53 6,11 0,979 Table 9: Maximum toggle rates [MHz] for all driver settings at loads 10..47 pF; 16% Edges Application Note AP16120 42 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes 5V XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 69,06 40,32 18,28 13,43 7,3 0,675 3,3V 15 22 56,18 51,33 31,02 26,07 15,39 13,74 11,58 10,35 6,19 5,54 0,636 0,587 33 52,44 23,15 13,02 9,31 5,08 0,572 47 35,21 20,03 12,22 9,81 4,62 0,578 10 15 XST 138,89 101,61 SSH 55,93 47,8 SME 28,51 24,78 SSO 20,97 17,99 MED 10,73 8,99 WEA 1,291 1,165 22 84,46 42,16 22,32 16,77 8,06 1,118 33 67,75 33,88 19,7 15,06 7,1 1,028 47 56,95 29 19,08 14,71 6,6 1,015 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 75,44 41,06 18,77 13,76 7,49 0,694 15 57,13 31,55 15,89 11,92 6,34 0,653 22 52,63 28,17 14,34 10,8 5,76 0,607 33 43,79 24,01 13,77 9,82 5,28 0,546 47 36,4 20,62 12,65 10,12 4,81 0,599 10 XST 139,24 SSH 57,48 SME 29,7 SSO 21,68 MED 11,12 WEA 1,339 15 103,2 48,73 25,66 18,7 9,22 1,204 22 88,46 43,99 23,5 17,56 8,45 1,167 33 71,18 35,83 20,84 15,89 7,44 1,191 47 59,34 30,35 19,84 15,33 6,83 1,048 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 86,08 42,28 19,4 14,31 7,81 0,725 15 58,71 32,44 16,73 12,48 6,59 0,681 22 54,78 30,17 15,34 11,54 6,14 0,64 33 46,04 25,45 15,01 10,66 5,61 0,503 47 38,37 21,61 13,36 10,65 5,11 0,633 10 15 XST 139,83 105,82 SSH 59,8 50,28 SME 31,7 27,14 SSO 22,86 19,88 MED 11,76 9,61 WEA 1,42 1,269 22 95,12 47,03 25,47 18,89 9,1 1,248 33 76,88 39,09 22,75 17,27 7,99 1,462 47 63,32 32,6 21,11 16,37 7,21 1,102 XST SSH SME SSO MED WEA 10 92,46 43,01 19,79 14,64 7,99 0,744 15 59,66 32,98 17,23 12,82 6,75 0,697 22 56,07 31,37 15,94 11,99 6,36 0,659 33 47,39 26,31 15,75 11,17 5,81 0,642 47 39,55 22,2 13,78 10,96 5,3 0,653 10 15 XST 140,18 107,39 SSH 61,26 51,21 SME 32,9 28,02 SSO 23,57 20,59 MED 12,14 9,84 WEA 1,468 1,308 22 99,12 48,86 26,65 19,69 9,49 1,297 33 80,31 41,04 23,89 18,09 8,33 1,204 47 65,71 33,95 21,87 17 7,43 1,134 25°C 10 XST 111,61 SSH 45,21 SME 20,94 SSO 15,63 MED 8,56 WEA 0,8 15 62,5 34,58 18,73 13,83 7,2 0,747 22 59,95 34,97 17,73 13,33 7,04 0,718 33 51,44 28,9 17,99 12,69 6,42 0,699 47 43,1 23,97 15,06 11,9 5,86 0,715 10 15 22 XST 141,24 112,11 111,11 SSH 65,62 54 54,35 SME 36,5 30,67 30,19 SSO 25,63 22,73 22,08 MED 13,3 10,54 10,65 WEA 1,614 1,425 1,443 33 90,58 46,9 27,32 20,58 9,33 1,348 47 72,89 37,99 24,15 18,87 8,12 1,231 -40°C 10 XST 123,15 SSH 52,85 SME 25,38 SSO 18,25 MED 9,84 WEA 0,897 15 98,81 46,38 23,92 16,64 9,24 0,903 22 82,51 39,43 21,64 15,26 8,18 0,894 33 65,45 33,97 20,39 15,06 7,34 0,862 47 51,44 26,19 17,86 13,12 6,54 0,794 10 15 22 XST 154,32 128,87 117,92 SSH 71,63 66,49 60,24 SME 41,05 37,31 36,18 SSO 29,45 27 25,77 MED 14,49 12,94 12,1 WEA 1,867 1,689 1,656 33 97,66 51,76 32,47 23,83 10,73 1,666 47 77,88 44,33 28 21,8 9,16 1,469 125°C 110°C 85°C 70°C Table 10: Maximum toggle rates [MHz] for all driver settings at loads 10..47pF; 25% edges Application Note AP16120 43 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) 125°C 70 65 60 55 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0-5 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 36: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=125°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) 110°C 80 75 70 65 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0-5 60 Frequency [MHz] 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 37: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=110°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP16120 44 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) 85°C 90 80 Frequency [MHz] 70 60 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 38: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=85°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) 70°C 100 90 80 Frequency [MHz] 70 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 39: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=70°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP16120 45 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) 25°C 120 110 100 Frequency [MHz] 90 80 110-120 100-110 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 40: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=25°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (3,3V) -40°C 130 120 110 100 Frequency [MHz] 90 120-130 110-120 100-110 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 41: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=-40°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP16120 46 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) 125°C 140 130 120 110 130-140 120-130 110-120 100-110 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 Frequency [MHz] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 42: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=125°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) 110°C 140 130 120 110 130-140 120-130 110-120 100-110 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 Frequency [MHz] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 43: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=110°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP16120 47 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) 85°C 140 130 120 110 130-140 120-130 110-120 100-110 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 Frequency [MHz] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 44: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=85°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) 70°C 150 140 130 120 140-150 130-140 120-130 110-120 100-110 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 Frequency [MHz] 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 45: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=70°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP16120 48 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) 25°C 150 140 130 120 140-150 130-140 120-130 110-120 100-110 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 Frequency [MHz] 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 46: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=25°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/4 (5V) -40°C 160 150 140 130 120 Frequency [MHz] 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 150-160 140-150 130-140 120-130 110-120 100-110 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 47: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=-40°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP16120 49 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) 125°C 50 45 40 Frequency [MHz] 35 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0-5 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 48: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=125°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) 110°C 55 50 45 Frequency [MHz] 40 35 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0-5 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 49: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=110°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period Application Note AP16120 50 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) 85°C 60 55 50 Frequency [MHz] 45 40 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0-5 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 50: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=85°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) 70°C 65 60 55 50 Frequency [MHz] 45 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0-5 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 51: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=70°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period Application Note AP16120 51 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) 25°C 75 70 65 60 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0-5 Frequency [MHz] 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 52: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=25°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (3,3V) -40°C 85 80 75 70 65 Frequency [MHz] 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0-5 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 53: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=-40°C; 3.3V; edges occupy 1/6 period Application Note AP16120 52 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) 125°C 100 90 80 Frequency [MHz] 70 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 54: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=125°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) 110°C 100 90 80 Frequency [MHz] 70 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 55: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=110°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period Application Note AP16120 53 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) 85°C 100 90 80 Frequency [MHz] 70 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 56: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=85°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) 70°C 100 90 80 Frequency [MHz] 70 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 57: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=70°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period Application Note AP16120 54 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) 25°C 100 90 80 Frequency [MHz] 70 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 58: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=25°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6 (5V) -40°C 110 100 90 Frequency [MHz] 80 70 100-110 90-100 80-90 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 XST 47 SSH Driver 33 SME SSO 22 MED C load [pF] 15 WEA 10 Figure 59: Selection decision graph for driver at TA=-40°C; 5.0V; edges occupy 1/6 period Application Note AP16120 55 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Page intentionally left blank. Application Note AP16120 56 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Annex A: Measured rise/fall waveforms Rise/fall timing diagrams are provided for selected EXTCLK driver settings and capacitive loads, as listed in Table 11. These results have been summarized in Chapter 4. This Annex B shows all measured timing diagrams for reference puposes. Driver strength Connected physical capacitor Resulting load capacitance VDDP0 supply voltages Ambient temperatures Extra-strong 10pF 13 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Extra-strong 15 pF 18 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Extra-strong 22 pF 25 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Extra-strong 33 pF 36 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Extra-strong 47 pF 50 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-sharp 10pF 13 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-sharp 15 pF 18 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-sharp 22 pF 25 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-sharp 33 pF 36 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-sharp 47 pF 50 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-medium 10pF 13 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-medium 15 pF 18 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-medium 22 pF 25 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-medium 33 pF 36 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-medium 47 pF 50 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-soft 10pF 13 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-soft 15 pF 18 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-soft 22 pF 25 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-soft 33 pF 36 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Strong-soft 47 pF 50 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Medium 10pF 13 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Medium 15 pF 18 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Medium 22 pF 25 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Medium 33 pF 36 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Medium 47 pF 50 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Weak 10pF 13 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Weak 15 pF 18 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Weak 22 pF 25 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Weak 33 pF 36 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Weak 47 pF 50 pF 3.3V / 5.0V -40°C / 25°C / 125°C Table 11: List of all timing measurement conditions Application Note AP16120 57 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Each of Fig. 61-96 contains 5 waveforms for a given driver strength, a given VDDP0 supply voltage (3.3V, 5.0V) and a given ambient temperature (-40°C, 25°C, 125°C). Depending on these settings, certain clock frequencies can be driven or not. The waveforms are measured at a data rate of 500kHz, which allows all driver settings to provide a good signal integrity at loads op to 50pF. The 5 configurations shown in one figure are distributed as follows: 10pF Capacitive Load 15pF Capacitive Load 22pF Capacitive Load 33pF Capacitive Load 47pF Capacitive Load Figure 60: General grouping of waveform configurations Application Note AP16120 58 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 61: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 59 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 62: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 60 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 63: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 61 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 64: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 62 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 65: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 63 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 66: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Extra Strong” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 64 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 67: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 65 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 68: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 66 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 69: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 67 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 70: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 68 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 71: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 69 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 72: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Sharp” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 70 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 73: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 71 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 74: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 72 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 75: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 73 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 76: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 74 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 77: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 75 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 78: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Medium” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 76 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 79: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 77 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 80: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 78 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 81: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 79 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 82: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 80 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 83: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 81 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 84: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Strong-Soft” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 82 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 85: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 83 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 86: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 84 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 87: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 85 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 88: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 86 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 89: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 87 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 90: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Medium” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 88 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 91: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 3.3V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 89 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 92: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 3.3V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 90 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 93: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 3.3V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 91 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 94: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 5.0V and at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 92 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 95: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 5.0V and at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 93 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Figure 96: Waveforms EXTCLK 500 kHz “Weak” at 5.0V and at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP16120 94 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Annex B: Measured emission spectra Emission test result diagrams are provided for selected EXTCLK driver settings and capacitive loads, according Table 12. These results have been discussed in Chapter 5 concerning the benefit of using reduced driver settings and reduced pad supply voltage. This Annex B shows the measured emission spectra for reference puposes. EXTCLK Driver Data Rate Capacitive Load VDDP Voltage Test Setup WEAK 500kHz 10pF 3.3V Conducted Emission WEAK 500kHz 10pF 3.3V Radiated Emission WEAK 500kHz 10pF 5.0V Conducted Emission WEAK 500kHz 10pF 5.0V Radiated Emission MEDIUM 2MHz 10pF 3.3V Conducted Emission MEDIUM 2MHz 10pF 3.3V Radiated Emission MEDIUM 2MHz 10pF 5.0V Conducted Emission MEDIUM 2MHz 10pF 5.0V Radiated Emission STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 10pF 3.3V Conducted Emission STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 10pF 3.3V Radiated Emission STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 10pF 5.0V Conducted Emission STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 10pF 5.0V Radiated Emission STRONG-MEDIUM 10MHz 10pF 3.3V Conducted Emission STRONG-MEDIUM 10MHz 10pF 3.3V Radiated Emission STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 10pF 5.0V Conducted Emission STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 10pF 5.0V Radiated Emission STRONG-SHARP 20MHz 10pF 3.3V Conducted Emission STRONG-SHARP 20MHz 10pF 3.3V Radiated Emission STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 10pF 5.0V Conducted Emission STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 10pF 5.0V Radiated Emission EXTRA-STRONG 40MHz 10pF 3.3V Conducted Emission EXTRA-STRONG 40MHz 10pF 3.3V Radiated Emission EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 10pF 5.0V Conducted Emission EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 10pF 5.0V Radiated Emission WEAK 500kHz 47pF 3.3V Conducted Emission WEAK 500kHz 47pF 3.3V Radiated Emission WEAK 500kHz 47pF 5.0V Conducted Emission WEAK 500kHz 47pF 5.0V Radiated Emission MEDIUM 2MHz 47pF 3.3V Conducted Emission MEDIUM 2MHz 47pF 3.3V Radiated Emission MEDIUM 2MHz 47pF 5.0V Conducted Emission MEDIUM 2MHz 47pF 5.0V Radiated Emission STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 47pF 3.3V Conducted Emission STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 47pF 3.3V Radiated Emission Application Note AP16120 95 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 47pF 5.0V Conducted Emission STRONG-SOFT 10MHz 47pF 5.0V Radiated Emission STRONG-MEDIUM 10MHz 47pF 3.3V Conducted Emission STRONG-MEDIUM 10MHz 47pF 3.3V Radiated Emission STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 47pF 5.0V Conducted Emission STRONG-MEDIUM 20MHz 47pF 5.0V Radiated Emission STRONG-SHARP 20MHz 47pF 3.3V Conducted Emission STRONG-SHARP 20MHz 47pF 3.3V Radiated Emission STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 47pF 5.0V Conducted Emission STRONG-SHARP 40MHz 47pF 5.0V Radiated Emission EXTRA-STRONG 40MHz 47pF 3.3V Conducted Emission EXTRA-STRONG 40MHz 47pF 3.3V Radiated Emission EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 47pF 5.0V Conducted Emission EXTRA-STRONG 66MHz 47pF 5.0V Radiated Emission Table 12: List of emission measurements Application Note AP16120 96 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 97: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency/MHz Figure 98: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 97 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 99: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency/MHz Figure 100: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 98 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 101: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency/MHz Figure 102: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 99 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 103: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency/MHz Figure 104: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 100 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 105: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/20MHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 106: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/20MHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 101 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 107: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/20MHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 108: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/20MHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 102 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 109: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 110: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 103 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 111: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 112: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 104 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 113: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 114: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 105 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 115: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 116: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 106 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 117: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/10pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 118: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/10pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 107 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 119: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/10pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=10pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 120: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/10pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 108 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 121: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=500kHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency/MHz Figure 122: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 109 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 123: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/47pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 500kHz / Driver set to "WEAK" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency/MHz Figure 124: Emission Spectrum for WEAK/500kHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 110 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 125: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency/MHz Figure 126: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 111 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 127: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/47pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 2MHz / Driver set to "MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency/MHz Figure 128: Emission Spectrum for MEDIUM/2MHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 112 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 129: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/10MHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 130: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/10MHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 113 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 131: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/10MHz/47pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SOFT" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 132: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SOFT/10MHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 114 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 133: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/10MHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 10MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 134: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/10MHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 115 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 135: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/47pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-MEDIUM" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 136: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-MEDIUM/20MHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 116 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 137: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/20MHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=20MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 20MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 138: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/20MHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 117 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 139: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz /47pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "STRONG-SHARP" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 140: Emission Spectrum for STRONG-SHARP/40MHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 118 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 141: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/40MHz/47pF/3.3V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=40MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=3.3V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 40MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 142: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/40MHz/47pF/3.3V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 119 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes dBµV XC2267/87, Conducted Emission Measurement at VDDP0 fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 143: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/47pF/5.0V/Conducted dBµV XC2267/87, Radiated Emission Measurement fsys=66MHz, fosc=16MHz, VDDP0=5.0V, Cload=47pF EXTCLK (P2.8) toggles at 66MHz / Driver set to "EXTRA-STRONG" 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 144: Emission Spectrum for EXTRA-STRONG/66MHz/47pF/5.0V/Radiated Application Note AP16120 120 V1.1, 2007-10 AP16120 Scalable Output Drivers - XC2000 & XE166 Familes Annex C: Glossary Cload Load Capacitor di/dt Ideal capacitive load connected to an output driver. Dynamic current over time EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility The ability of an electrical device to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment (“Immunity”) without having an impermissible effect on its environment (“Emission”). EME Electromagnetic Emission EMC EXTCLK System Clock Output Strong output driver for the system clock. GND Ground Ground reference of the power supply. PI Power Integrity Good PI means a clean power supply system which is not polluted by switching noise. SI Signal Integrity Good SI means proper signal waveform to fulfill the required data communication. TA Ambient Temperature Temperature in the direct environment of the IC. tF Fall Time Time of the falling edge of a signal measured between 10% and 90% of the high level. tR Rise Time Time of the rising edge of a signal measured between 10% and 90% of the high level. VDD Power supply voltage in general. VDDI Core supply voltage = 1.5V nominal. VDDP0 Pad supply voltage = 5.0V or 3.3V nominal. VSS GND Application Note AP16120 121 V1.1, 2007-10 http://www.infineon.com Published by Infineon Technologies AG