APPLICATION NOTE Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 AN97039 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 Purchase of Philips I 2C components conveys a license under the I 2C patent to use the components in the I 2C system, provided the system conforms to the I 2C specifications defined by Philips. © Philips Electronics N.V. 1997 All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. 2 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPLICATION NOTE Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 AN97039 Author(s): P. Rombout Philips Semiconductors Systems Laboratory Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Keywords Video Controller Active Load Output Amplifier AC-coupling Black Level Restoration I2C-bus Control Power Dissipation Number of pages: 45 Date: 97-07-15 3 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 Summary This report describes the video amplifier board with 150 MHz video controller TDA4885 and 140 MHz hybrid active load output amplifier CR6927. The printed circuit board is designed to drive both 15" and 17" colour monitors with 100 MHz bandwidth. AC-coupling to the cathodes is used, which enables a low supply voltage. Together with the choice for the active load module with low static power dissipation, this results an economical board with a small heatsink. This AC-coupling does need additional circuitry, such as a buffer, negative supply for the CR6927 inputs as well as DC-restoration at the cathodes. With the included I2C-software, functions such as contrast, brightness, OSD contrast, individual gain and individual black-level control are available. The board is capable of receiving signals for beam current limiting and gain modulation. A system description with highlights of TDA4885 and CR6927 is given. Block diagram and schematics of the system is explained. Also, measuring data and various design hints are included. For a description of an DC-coupled application, see Application Note AN96074: ’Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR1296’. 4 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Video Controller TDA4885 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3 Signal Input Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.4 Electronic Potentiometer Stages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.5 Output Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.6 Pedestal Blanking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.7 Output Clamping, Feedback References and DAC Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.8 Horizontal Clamping and Vertical Blanking Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.9 Horizontal Flyback Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.10 OSD and OSD Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.11 Beam Current Limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.12 Gain Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.13 I2C-bus Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Output Amplifier CR6927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Internal Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 OSD Generator PCB8517 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 3. SYSTEM SCHEMATICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Application Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 TDA4885 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 CR6927 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 PCB8517 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.4 Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.5 DC-Restoration Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.6 Heater and grid voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Printed Circuit Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Heatsink CR6927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 21 21 4. MEASURING DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.1 Video Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5. DESIGN HINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Ground Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Black Level Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Speed-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Accu Colour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 25 25 25 25 26 26 27 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 5.7 5.8 Application Note AN97039 Gain Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Smearing Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6. REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 APPENDIX 1: I2C CONTROL SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 APPENDIX 2a: INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM TDA4885 (left side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 APPENDIX 2b: INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM TDA4885 (right side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 APPENDIX 3a: SCHEMATICS SYSTEM (left side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 APPENDIX 3b: SCHEMATICS SYSTEM (right side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 APPENDIX 4: MONITOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 APPENDIX 5: CALCULATIONS FLASH RESISTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 APPENDIX 6a: LAY-OUT PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (component side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 APPENDIX 6b: LAY-OUT PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (solder side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 APPENDIX 7: COMPONENTS LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 APPENDIX 8: POWER DISSIPATION CR6927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 LIST OF FIGURES Fig.1 Block Diagram Video Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.2 Signal Output TDA4885 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.3 Timing diagram clamping and blanking pin 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.4 Output Signal Modulated Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.5 Internal Circuit Video Hybrid CR6927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.6 Thermal Resistances Video Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.7 Construction Heatsink on CR6927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.8 Cathode Voltage Video Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.10 Internal Block Diagram TDA4885 (left side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.11 Internal Block Diagram TDA4885 (right side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.12 System Schematics (left side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.13 System Schematics (right side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.14 Monitor Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.15 PCB Lay-out and Component Placement Component Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.16 PCB Lay-out and Component Placement Solder Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 10 14 14 15 17 21 22 23 31 32 33 34 35 37 38 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: Pin Description TDA4885 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE 2: Pin Description CR6927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE 3: Pin Description PCB8517 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE 4: Temperature CR6927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 11 16 18 24 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 8 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 1. Application Note AN97039 INTRODUCTION This report describes the video amplifier demo board with video controller TDA4885 and output amplifier CR6927. It is designed to drive both 15" and 17" colour monitors with 100 MHz. A separate On Screen Display (OSD) generator is present on the board. AC-coupling to the cathodes is used, which means a low output amplifier supply voltage and therefore, a low power dissipation. A DC-restore circuit is implemented with a simple diode clamp and an amplifier with only four transistors for three channels. The active load amplifier CR6927 has a low static power dissipation, but requires a buffer between TDA4885 and its inputs in order to yield a 100MHz bandwidth. Also, a negative supply voltage is needed to drive the CR6927 inputs. 9 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 2. Application Note AN97039 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The video amplifier system consists of: pre-amplifier, control functions, OSD generator, I2C-bus and output amplifier, as shown in figure 1. gain modulation R G B GAIN MODULATION CONTROL PCB8517 high speed enable/data/clock focus H/Vsync grids OSD GENERATOR OSD CONTROL BUFFER(3x) R G B PREAMPLIFIER R G B CR6927 AC-COUPLING(3x) R G B OUTPUT AMPLIFIER tube feedback black level control DC-RESTORE CIRCUIT(3x) I2 C CONTROL TDA4885 VIDEO BOARD I2 C data/clock Fig.1 Block Diagram Video Board Video controller IC TDA4885 and output amplifier hybrid CR6927 are the core of the video board, the rest of the circuitry serves as drive or interface for these devices. The two following subparagraphs will be devoted to the TDA4885 and CR6927. OSD generator PCB8517 will be described in the third subparagraph. 2.1 Video Controller TDA4885 The TDA4885 is a 150 MHz RGB pre-amplifier for colour monitor systems with On Screen Display (OSD) and I2C-bus. It can drive discrete stages as well as hybrid video modules. The pre-amplifier is used with positive feedback from output (or buffer output) for AC-coupling with fixed black-level output. Black-level restore at the cathodes is possible with the aid of three external DAC reference voltages. I2C-bus control software is being delivered on diskette with the video board, appendix 1 shows the software menu with the options mentioned above. 10 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 2.1.1 Application Note AN97039 Pinning Pin description of the TDA4885 is given in table 1. For more characteristics, the TDA4885 data sheet (Ref. 1) can be used for reference. TABLE 1: Pin Description TDA4885 SYMBOL PIN PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION FBL 1 1.1 V ≤ threshold ≤ 1.7 V Fast blanking for OSD insertion OSD1 2 -6 ns ≤ delay after FBL ≤ +6 ns, trise/tfall ≤ 7 ns OSD input channel 1 (green) OSD2 3 " OSD input channel 2 (red) OSD3 4 " OSD input channel 3 (blue) CLI 5 1.2 V ≤ threshold ≤ 1.6 V (blanking) 2.6 V ≤ threshold ≤ 3.5 V (clamping) Vi1 6 0.7 V referred to black, 4.0 V during input Signal input channel 1 (green) clamping Vp 7 8.0 V typ., 7.6 V min, 8.8 V max. Supply voltage Vi2 8 See pin 6 Signal input channel 2 (red) GND 9 Vi3 10 See pin 6 Signal input channel 3 (blue) HFB 11 2.6 V ≤ threshold ≤ 3.5 V (clamping) 1.0 V ≤ threshold ≤ 1.8 V (blanking) Horizontal flyback input for output clamping and blanking GM1 12 open-circuit: 2.0 V; Gain modulation input channel 1 (green) ground: no gain modulation (max. gain); modulated gain: 1 - 3 V. See figure 4. GM2 13 See pin 12 Gain modulation input channel 2 (red) GM3 14 See pin 12 Gain modulation input channel 3 (blue) SDA 15 0 V ≤ VLOW ≤ 1.5 V, 3.0 V ≤ VHIGH ≤ 5.0 V I2C-bus serial data input SCL 16 Clock ≤ 100 kHz I2C-bus serial clock input LIM 17 4.5 V: start contrast/OSD contrast reduction, 2.0: max. reduction (-25 dB), 5.0 V open-circuit Beam current limiting GND3 18 Vp3 19 8.0 V typ., 7.6 V min., 8.8 V max. Supply channel 3 Vo3 20 2.8 V (nom. contrast, max. gain) ≤ Vo3 ≤ 4.5 V (max. contrast, max. gain) 0.5 V ≤ black level ≤ 2.5 V Signal output channel 3 Actual black level depends on external feedback network FB3 21 4.0 V ≤ FB3 ≤ 5.8 V negative feedback, 0.7 V positive feedback Feedback input channel 3 Vertical blanking input; clamping input Ground Ground channel 3 11 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 TABLE 1: Pin Description TDA4885 SYMBOL PIN PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION REF3 22 4.0 V ≤ REF3 ≤ 5.8 V Reference voltage channel 3 GND2 23 Vp2 24 See pin 19 Supply channel 2 Vo2 25 See pin 20 Signal output channel 2 FB2 26 See pin 21 Feedback input channel 2 REF2 27 See pin 22 Reference voltage channel 2 GND1 28 Vp1 29 See pin 19 Supply channel 1 Vo1 30 See pin 20 Signal output channel 1 FB1 31 See pin 21 Feedback voltage channel 1 REF1 32 See pin 22 Reference channel 1 2.1.2 Ground channel 2 Ground channel 1 Block Diagram In appendix 2, the internal block diagram of the TDA4885 is depicted. Diagram sections and their functioning are listed in the paragraphs below. 2.1.3 Signal Input Stage The RGB signal inputs (0.7 V) must be capacitively coupled (10 nF recommended) to the TDA4885 from a lowohmic source (75 Ω recommended). These AC-coupling capacitors allow level shift and clamping of the input signals to reference black level. Missing input clamping pulses will result in black output signals because internal leakage currents discharge the coupling capacitor. A clipping circuit cuts all signal parts below black level. Video signals can be enabled or disabled by I2C-bus. 2.1.4 Electronic Potentiometer Stages Three electronic potentiometer stages are present as 6-bit, I2C-driven, DACs with the following functions: CONTRAST CONTROL This DAC simultaneously adjusts all three input signals related to reference black level with a range of 25 dB. BRIGHTNESS CONTROL Video black level can be shifted in relation to reference black level for all three channels simultaneously. A negative setting will shift dark signal parts in ultra black and a positive setting will change background from black to grey. 12 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 GAIN CONTROL Gain is an individually controlled white point adjustment, that controls video signals related to reference black level over a range of 7 dB. It affects the complete grey scale. It is used to compensate for the sensitivity of the R/G/B guns and phosphors (the three colours need a different drive for a white picture). With gain control, Accu Colour can be implemented. 2.1.5 Output Stage The output RGB signals are amplified to 2.8 Vpp (12 dB) at nominal contrast and maximum gain. At maximum contrast and gain settings, output voltage is 4.5 Vpp (16 dB). Reference black level is controllable from 0.5 to 2.5 V. Total output voltage range is limited from 0.5 to Vp-2.0 V. 2.1.6 Pedestal Blanking Output signals can be blanked to ultra black level by setting pedestal blanking (bit PEDST=1), which adds 0.45 V during clamping. This is necessary for AC-coupling applications with a passive clamp diode circuit as DCrestoration to prevent unwanted clamping during video overshoots. With pedestal blanking, the clamping pulse surely is the highest voltage, and black level is restored during clamping only. 2.1.7 Output Clamping, Feedback References and DAC Outputs Output clamping stabilises the reference black level at the output. Without clamping pulses, output signals will go to switch-off voltage because the integrated storage capacitors will discharge. In case of AC-coupling, the buffer output (emitter) voltage is fed back to the IC. Without the buffer, the TDA4885 output is directly connected to its feedback pin. During output clamping, this feedback voltage is compared to 0.7 V. Output control range during clamping is 0.5 V to 2.5 V. Figure 2 depicts output signal with variable gain, contrast and brightness. 2.1.8 Horizontal Clamping and Vertical Blanking Pulses Threshold for input line clamping is 3 V and for vertical blanking 1.4 V. Vertical blanking is only enabled when the input signal is present for a certain minimum time between 1.4 V and 3 V. During vertical blanking, signal and brightness blanking are activated and possible pedestal blanking. Input signals have to be at black level during the input clamping pulse. Figure 3 gives a timing diagram for clamping/blanking pulses. 2.1.9 Horizontal Flyback Pulses Horizontal flyback pulse HFB has two levels: 1.4 V at which signal blanking, brightness blanking and possible pedestal blanking are activated and 3 V at which additionally the output clamped feedback loop is activated. 13 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 max. nom. min. blanking/output clamping pin 11 gain max. contrast nom. brightness var. video black level reference black level blanking level colour signal gain max. brightness max. contrast var. video black level reference black level blanking level video signal brightness max. contrast nom. gain var. video black level reference black level blanking level Fig.2 Signal Output TDA4885 trise/fall: <=75 ns/V >280 ns/V 3.0 V input clamping threshold 1.4 V input blanking threshold input pin 5 input clamping blanking tl tt tl tl: time leading edge tt: time trailing edge Fig.3 Timing diagram clamping and blanking pin 5 14 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 2.1.10 Application Note AN97039 OSD and OSD Contrast If fast blanking input at pin FBL rises above its 1.4 V threshold, video input signals are blanked and OSD signals enabled. Amplification of inserted signals OSD1 to -3 can be controlled by a 4-bit I2C-driven DAC ’OSD contrast’ with a range of 12 dB. OSD signals track with brightness and gain control as normal signals, but is independend of video contrast. It is possible to enable/disable OSD signals by I2C-bus. 2.1.11 Beam Current Limiting Beam current limiting by means of contrast reduction is possible with an external voltage at pin LIM. Maximum overall voltage gain of contrast and OSD contrast control can be reduced by 26 dB (4.5 V: start of reduction, 2.0 V: maximum reduction). 2.1.12 Gain Modulation Gain modulation is possible in order to achieve brightness uniformity over the screen by applying appropriate waveforms to the input pins GM1, GM2 and GM3. Open-circuit pins are at 2.0 V and yield a gain reduction of 20%. A symmetrical gain modulation is achieved by a signal input of 1.0 to 3.0 V. This will modulate the open-circuit gain with -18% to +18%. If this feature is not used, the pins should be grounded for maximum voltage gain. Figure 4 clarifies the effect of the gain modulation input range. Gain Modulation input: nom. max. mod. GND: gain +20% 1V: gain +18% open (2V): gain nom.=0% 3V: gain -18% output signal Fig.4 Output Signal Modulated Gain 15 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 2.1.13 Application Note AN97039 I2C-bus Control An I2C-bus receiver is present for the following functions: - Contrast control with 6-bit DAC (25 dB); - Brightness control with 6-bit DAC (10-30% of nominal signal amplitude); - OSD contrast control with 4-bit DAC (12 dB); - Gain adjustment with 6-bit DAC for each channel (7 dB); - Black level adjustment with 8-bit DAC for each channel; - Control register for: - feedback polarity - RGB video on/off - OSD on/off - pedestal blanking on/off. Registers are set to logic ’0’ after power-up and internal power-on reset of I2C-bus. 2.2 Output Amplifier CR6927 The video output amplification is achieved by hybrid module CR6927. This is a three channel (class AB active load) amplifier with a small-signal bandwidth of 140 MHz and an open loop voltage gain of 180. A feedback resistor Rfb is applied internally, which means the closed loop gain can adjusted by the input resistor Rin (see figure 5). 2.2.1 Pinning Table 2 gives a pin description of the CR6927, more characteristics can be found in its data sheet (Ref. 2). TABLE 2: Pin Description CR6927 SYMBOL PIN PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION Vs1 1 75 V - 90 V max. Signal Supply channel 1 (blue) Vi1 2 1.5 V typ. Signal Input channel 1 GND 3 Vo1 4 ½Vs1 typ. Signal Output channel 1 Vs2 5 See pin 1 Signal Supply channel 2 (red) Vi2 6 See pin 2 Signal Input channel 2 GND 7 Vo2 8 See pin 4 Signal Output channel 2 Vs3 9 See pin 1 Signal Supply channel 3 (green) Vi3 10 See pin 2 Signal Input channel 3 GND 11 Vo3 12 Ground Ground Ground See pin 4 Signal Output channel 3 16 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 2.2.2 Application Note AN97039 Internal Circuit The simplified internal circuit of one channel of the module is depicted in figure 5. RFB VS RE_T2 R3 T3 T2 RBUF3 R2 R4 OUT CK IN RBUF4 T1 RIN R1 T4 RE_T1 GND Fig.5 Internal Circuit Video Hybrid CR6927 The closed loop gain A is determined by Rin (for instance 326Û of this application): Equ. 1 2.3 OSD Generator PCB8517 The PCB8517 is a stand-alone OSD generator, controlled by the microcontroller on the deflection board via a three-wire high-speed serial interface. Horizontal and vertical position on screen, as well as character height, colour and font can be programmed. The on-chip PLL oscillator adjust character size to the current graphic mode. Additional information is specified in its data sheet (Ref. 3). 17 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 2.3.1 Application Note AN97039 Pinning Pinning of the PCB8517 is shown in table 3 below. TABLE 3: Pin Description PCB8517 SYMBOL PIN PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION GNDA 1 Analog Ground VCO 2 Voltage Controlled Oscillator BIAS 3 Bias Current Internal Oscillator VsA 4 HS 5 Horizontal Sync Pulse ENN 6 Serial Interface Enable, active low SDI 7 Serial Interface Data SCK 8 Serial Interface Clock VsD 9 VS 10 Vertical Sync Pulse HTONE 11 Halftone, not used in this application FB 12 Fast Blanking B 13 Blue Channel Output G 14 Green Channel Output R 15 Red Channel Output GNDD 16 Digital Ground 4.75 V min, 5.0 V typ., 5.25 V max. Analog Supply See pin 4 Digital Supply 18 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 3. Application Note AN97039 SYSTEM SCHEMATICS This paragraph will explain the depicted schematics of the video board. The two main building blocks of the board are the TDA4885 and CR6927 with peripheral components that will be described first. Supply will be treated in more detail in paragraph 5.2 on design hints. PCB lay-out will be explained and finally power and heatsink calculations for the CR6927 are given. 3.1 Application Circuit Schematics of the circuit around the TDA4885 and CR6927 is depicted in appendix 3. The video board also interconnects the horizontal and vertical sync pulses from monitor input to deflection board and signals like heater, Vg1 etc. from deflection board to picture tube. The monitor alignment procedure is included (adjusting black-level, white point etc.) in appendix 4. 3.1.1 TDA4885 Application * OSD inputs: generated by the separate OSD-generator PCB8517. These inputs are coupled via a 100 Ω resistor to PCB8517. * Clamping and blanking inputs, connected via 100 Ω to CON2. These signals are generated on the deflection board. * RGB-inputs: these signals are 0-0.7 V and connected via a 75 Ω cable, which means a 75 Ω terminator must be present at the input on the video board. A 10 nF capacitor with a 33 Ω series resistor connects the incoming signal to the input pins. * Supply voltage 8 V from voltage stabilizer uA7808 (IC3), decoupled locally with a chip capacitor. * Gain modulation inputs, connected via 100 Ω to connector CON3. If this feature is unused, the pins can grounded. * SDA/SCL I2C-bus inputs, generated by I2C-controller on deflection board. Pull-up resistors are present on deflection board. Signals come in via connector CON1 and 220 Ω series resistors. * Beam Current Limiter (BCL), generated on deflection board from CON2 via 100 Ω. This signal must force the open-pin voltage of 5 V down to a range of 4.5 to 2.0 V when beam current must be limited. A 10 nF capacitor is used to filter possible noise that might cause interference. A pull-up resistor ensures a voltage greater than 4.5 V in case beam current limiting must not be activated. * Channel outputs: coupled to the CR6927 via a buffer (BFG35). All channels have separate ground and supply voltage. * Feedback from emitter of BFG35 buffer. The TDA4885 is set to positive feedback (AC-coupling) and feedback black level during the clamp pulse is controlled at 0.7 V. * External feedback reference voltages, used for the DC-restoration circuit in AC-coupling applications. 3.1.2 CR6927 Application * RGB channel inputs, require a voltage swing of about 3-4 Vpp (dependent on closed loop gain) around 1.5 V, connected through Rin, that will determine the closed loop gain (see equation 1). In order to shift the input signals to the levels, delivered by the pre-amp, pull-down resistors R*08 haven been added. 19 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 * Output pins, connected via coupling capacitor and a flash resistor to the cathodes. A clamping diode pulls the cathode voltage to a DC-restore value every horizontal flyback. This diode also leads possible flashes on the cathodes away from the video amplifier’s outputs. The diode (BAV21) must be able to withstand the flash current that is limited by the flash resistor (47 Ω, for calculations see appendix 5). * Supply voltage (78 V) from deflection board and ground for each channel, decoupled locally by a chip capacitor. 3.1.3 PCB8517 * High speed serial bus with enable, clock and data line, driven by the microcontroller on deflection board via 100Ω. Pull-up resistors (4k7) are also applied. * H/V sync pulse inputs, connected via 100Ω to the H/V connectors. * Phase Locked Loop (PLL) filter input and BIAS input for the Voltage Controlled Oscillator. * 5 V analog and digital supply voltage and ground, separately decoupled. * RGB and Fast Blanking (FB) outputs, connected via 100Ω to TDA4885 OSD inputs. 3.1.4 Buffer A buffer transistor (BFG35) is used to increase the sink and source current for the output stage. The feedback pin of the TDA4885 must be connected to the emitter of this emitter follower in order to minimize smearing. Since the buffer is connected to a negative supply, the feedback pin must be set to > 300mV during start-up to avoid latch-up. This is done by connecting a divider to the feedback pin of the TDA4885 with a pull-up resistor to +8 V and a resistor to the emitter of the buffer. 3.1.5 DC-Restoration Circuit The DC-restoration circuit must be a temperature independent DC-amplifier. This amplifier is fed by the TDA4885 reference voltages (range 4.0-5.8 V). These voltages are amplified to the desired black-levels at the cathodes (with a range of the maximum 17" tube cut-off voltage difference of 25 V). This is implemented by creating a temperature-dependent voltage at the emitter of the three amplifiers. The DC-amplifiers are closed loop connected transistors in order to achieve a stabile DC output. With only four transistors, it is possible to achieve a three-channel temperature-stabile accurate DC-amplifier. 3.1.6 Heater and grid voltages Voltages for heater and grids 1 and 2 of the CRT are generated on the deflection board. The grid voltages Vg1 and Vg2 are coupled to the CRT by a 2.7 kΩ series resistor and a 1 nF high-voltage capacitor is connected to ground. Heater voltage is via a 1 Ω resistor and a 10 µH inductor connected to the heater, heater ground is connected by a 10 µH series inductor. Both heater and heater ground are decoupled by a 1.5 nF capacitor to ground. Spikes are caused by fast voltage swings on the cathodes and are, without decoupling capacitors, picked up by the heater and grids. The inductors and 2.7 kΩ resistors ensure that this is the route of least impedance. 20 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 Note: The Vg1 voltage, applied to pin 8 of connector 2 must be approximately -50 V, with a superimposed vertical blanking pulse of at least 10 V. 3.2 Printed Circuit Board In designing the video Printed Circuit Board (PCB), care has to be taken that all connections are as short as possible and connectors have to be placed close to the ICs’ input pins. All channel inputs of the TDA4885 are placed at one side (pins 1-16) and outputs at the other (pins 17-32), which makes layout design easy: the inputs enter on one side of the board, followed by TDA4885 that drives CR6927 and at the other side the CRT-socket. The choice was made for a double-sided board to avoid oscillations. With a double-sided board, one side is used as ground plane. This enables short ground returns, reducing EMI. The use of SMD components in combination with leaded components ensures the shortest connection possible between inputs, ICs and outputs. Especially the local decoupling of supply voltages with capacitors 10-100 nF must be close to the corresponding pins, which means it is best to use SMD components. Lay-out of the board is depicted in appendix 6, followed by the components list in appendix 7. 3.3 Heatsink CR6927 The video hybrid module dissipates too much power to conduct to free air. This means a heatsink must be fixed to its mounting base. Figure 6 shows the thermal resistances and corresponding local temperatures. Pmax CR6927 junction xK\W RTH_J_MB Tmax = 100 C mounting base 0.2K\W RTH_MB_H heatsink 2.2K\W RTH_MB_A 65 C ambient(monitor) Fig.6 Thermal Resistances Video Module The maximum power dissipated by the CR6927 is 16.8 Watts (appendix 8 includes calculations that lead to this value). The thermal resistance between mounting base and heatsink is assumed 0.2 °C\W. It is specified that the operating temperature of the CR6927 mounting base is ≤ 100 °C, in order to keep the junction temperatures of the internal transistors within safe limits. The required thermal resistance is specified in equation 2. 21 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 Equ. 2 The mounting base is first fixed to an aluminium block, that is connected to the print. The actual heatsink is mounted to this block, as shown in the cross-section of figure 7. The heat must be conducted well from the block to the heatsink, if necessary with heat-conducting paste. heatsink alumimium block mounting base junction print CR6927 Fig.7 Construction Heatsink on CR6927 The area of the heatsink (2mm thick aluminium) is defined by equation 3. Equ. 3 In which: k = 1.5*10-3 W\Kcm2, for aluminium heatsink 2mm thickness with about the calculated area A = heatsink area in cm2 Rtherm = thermal resistance from heatsink to ambient With the previously calculated values: A = 1\(1.5*10-3 * 1.9) = 350 cm2, the size of the heatsink is chosen at 13 * 23 =299 cm2. This is smaller than calculated, but the worst case situation on which this calculation is based is not likely to occur. If necessary, a larger heatsink can be chosen. 22 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 4. 4.1 Application Note AN97039 MEASURING DATA Video Performance Video performance is specified by rise/fall times and DC-voltages at the cathodes. Measurements have been carried out in an actual monitor (15" Mk 2, see Ref. 4). Load capacitance is defined by: Equ. 4 The (reference) black-levels on the cathodes can be adjusted between 50 V and 75 V (measured) with the three DAC registers of the TDA4885. This range is sufficient to compensate for the difference of cut-off voltages of one tube. Figure 8 shows the cathode waveform of a 50 Vpp voltage swing at nominal brightness (an Astro video generator is used as a signal source). Fig.8 Cathode Voltage Video Board Rise and fall times (time between 10% and 90% of voltage swing) at the cathodes are measured with a Tektronix TDS520 500MHz oscilloscope using a high-frequency calibrated Tektronix P5100 100x 2.4 pF probe. The corresponding input signal of the TDA4885 is generated by a PM585 pulse generator with rise/fall times smaller than 1 ns. These conditions yield a rise time of 4.4 ns and a fall time of 3.5 ns, at a voltage swing from 15 to 65 V. Overshoot of the white to black transition is below 5%, overshoot from black to white is more than 10%. Bandwidth of this system is calculated by B = 0.35\tfall. Fall time (black to white transition) is the most critical transition time, because it is best visible on screen. Overall system bandwidth is: Bsystem = 0.35\(3.5*10-9) = 100 MHz. The board can be used for pixel rates up to 200 MHz. 23 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 4.2 Application Note AN97039 Temperature Measurements have proved that most power is dissipated in CR6927 when displaying a 100 MHz pixel on/off picture. Temperature measurements have been carried out with the heatsink construction and size as described in paragraph 3.3. The first row of table 4 shows data with a pixel on/off picture at maximum contrast (Vpp = 50.4 V) and nominal brightness. The ∆T of this measurement remains the same at a higher ambient temperature. The second row of this table shows the mounting base temperature of CR6927 at the maximum ambient temperature of 65°C, which is the internal monitor temperature. TABLE 4: Temperature CR6927 Tambient [°C] Tmounting base [°C] ∆T [°C] Measured 23.5 57.4 35.7 Calculated 65.0 98.7 35.7 It appears from table 4 that the heatsink is sufficiently large for this worst case situation when placed inside a monitor. It should be noted that it takes the heatsink about half an hour to heat up. This means this worst case temperature of 98.7 °C is not likely to occur, because an on/off picture is hardly ever displayed for half an hour. 24 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 5. Application Note AN97039 DESIGN HINTS When developing a printed circuit board for the TDA4885 and/or the CR6927, certain design rules and hints have to be taken into account. The most critical items are highlighted in the following subparagraphs. 5.1 Ground Routing A printed circuit video amplifier board that has to operate at frequencies higher than 40 MHz, a double-sided board is needed. The copper in this second side should be used as much as possible as a ground plane. If only ground tracks are used, signal loops will be created. Through these loops, ground currents flow that can easily cause oscillations. In case of a ground plane on one board side, there are hardly any loops which means the chance on ground currents to cause oscillations is limited. The plane also shields the board from electromagnetic radiation from and to the environment (EMI). This plane, however, does create parasitic capacitance to the signal paths. In order to avoid parasitic capacitance to high-frequency video signal paths, the plane area directly near these signal paths should be cleared. 5.2 Supply Low voltage supplies (+11 V and -18 V) must enter the board via a series resistor (about 1-10 Ω) and be controlled by a voltage stabilizer or zener diode. The stabiliser should be decoupled by a capacitor (100-330 nF) on both input and output. Output must be stabilised by an elcap of 10 - 68 µF. From this point, the supply voltage must be led to the corresponding voltage pins via a 1-10 Ω series resistor. These supply pins must be locally decoupled by a (chip) capacitor of about 100 nF, placed as close as possible to the pin itself. For the high voltage supply of 78 V of the CR6927, similar rules must be followed, only for the series resistors, it is recommended to use 1 Ω. This is necessary in order to reduce supply variations by high peak currents. This is not necessary for the +185 V supply, it enters the board via 100Ω, because high peak currents do not occur. 5.3 Buffer A buffer between pre- and output amplifier is applied, because the maximum sink and source current of the TDA4885 outputs are 12 and 15 mA respectively. The CR6927 needs a higher current in order to achieve its maximum rise and fall times. The necessary current can be calculated by equation 5, based on the fall time (video black to white transition), which is best visible on screen. Equ. 5 More information on the internal capacitance (2.4 pF) is given in appendix 8. A fall time of 3.5 ns (measured from 10% to 90% of the voltage swing) and a maximum voltage swing of 50 Vpp (40 V 10%-90%), this yields: The buffer is an emitter follower (npn transistor BFG35) with an emitter resistor to -8 V supply, that will determine the sink and source current. During white video level of the TDA4885 output, the buffer current must be at least 26.3 mA. Video white level for a 50 Vpp output swing is: Vclamp+Vpedestal+Vsignal = 0.7+0.45+4.0 = 5.15 V. The emitter resistor value has to be: 25 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 Equ. 7 This minimal value could be experimentally increased (current decreased) until a noticeably slower fall time is reached. If it is chosen not to implement a buffer in trade of slower transition times, this feedback pin can be connected directly to the TDA4885 output pin. Note: If the emitter of this buffer is fed back to the TDA4885 and is connected to a negative supply (via a resistor), this may cause a latch-up situation. Therefore, the feedback pin must be set to > 300mV during startup. This is achieved by a divider from +8 V (resistors R*24/R*11) to the buffer’s emitter, which sets the feedback pin to about 1 V during start-up. 5.4 Black Level Control Black level (at the cathodes) control is achieved by a clamp diode DC-restore circuit. The clamp diode restores the cathode voltage to a defined black level during the clamp pulse. The defined black level is created by Three DC-amplifiers, driven by the external reference voltages Vref of the TDA4885. A range of 50 V-75 V is chosen, because the lowest level may not be negative during video, but the level should also be as low as possible, in order to allow Vg1 to be as little negative as possible. The three DC-amplifiers (T*02, where ’*’ stands for channel 1, 2 or 3) receive a temperature-compensated voltage at their emitters. The transistors are connected in a feedback circuit, in which ∆Vref is approximately amplified by Rfb\Rin = R*20\R*21 = 91k\5k6 = 16 times. The output voltage range must cover the maximum cut-off voltage difference of the cathodes, which is 25 V for 17" tubes. Cathode voltage will be 8-10 V lower, because the emitter voltage of T*02 is set at 8-10 V. The resistors R*19 at the collector are applied to limit the collector-emitter voltage of T*02. 5.5 Speed-up In order to achieve the best possible rise and fall times, a speed-up circuit has to be applied over Rin of the CR6927. The input circuit consists of two series RC-combinations. The value of Rin is divided in a large and small part. Speed-up capacitors C*03 and C*04 speed up the slope of the CR6927 output signal by increasing the high-frequency gain. Start values for C*03/C*04 can be calculated by first measuring the CR6927 output time constant (τo ≈ 20-25 ns), this is done by only connecting a resistor as input network. The time constant, created by C*03 * R*09 and C*04 * R*10 must then be made equal to this value (where τo2 ≈ {(C*03*R*09)2 + (C*04*R*10)2}). Mostly, the created time constant(s) must be decreased in order to limit overshoot. The optimized values for this application are: - R*09/C*03 = 270E/68pF; - R*10/C*04 = 56E/82pF. Note: The calculations above are just a guideline and optimal values are obtained experimentally. 26 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 5.6 Application Note AN97039 Accu Colour With Accu Colour, white colour temperature is adjustable. This colour temperature is adjustable by the gain setting of the three R/G/B channels. The TDA4885 has individual gain control with a range of 7 dB. This is needed for three functions: 1- Absolute sensitivity channels: proportion beam current that is necessary for the separate R/G/B guns in order to achieve white with a certain colour temperature. 2- Spread sensitivity channels: spread on the absolute sensitivity mentioned above. 3- Accu Colour. The first function could be implemented in hardware by applying different input resistors at the input pins of the CR6927 three colour channels. This enables an individually adjustable gain. If the gain modulation pins are not used, gain adjustment can be applied at these pins (see paragraph 5.6 here below). The second function of gain adjustment of the TDA4885 is the compensation for the spread on channel sensitivity. This function needs 3 dB at maximum. The third function is Accu Colour and for this, the TDA4885 leaves a 4 dB control range. This range will be sufficient for adjusting colour temperature from, for instance, 3500 K to 7000 K or 5000 K to 10,000 K. 5.7 Gain Modulation Some picture tubes have a relatively large decrease of light output towards the edges. By applying a dynamic waveform to the gain modulation inputs (pin 12, 13 and 14 of TDA4885), this light output decrease can be compensated. In a simple application, a parabolic waveform of horizontal frequency can be applied to the three pins simultaneously. For this, the HFOCUS signal from deflection controller TDA4855 is suitable. Only the left/right loss on the display is then compensated. In a high performance application, top/bottom losses can also be compensated by applying three separately adjustable signals from an X/Y wave form generator or a parabola generator, such as deflection controller TDA4854. If brightness uniformity is not implemented, the gain modulation pins can be used for gain adjustment. This can be achieved by either a DC-potentiometer or an external DAC (for instance from Pulse Width Modulation output of µC). In this way, the gain adjustment DAC’s of the TDA4885 are free for an enlarged Accu Colour user range. 5.8 Smearing Compensation If the video board is applied without any compensation networks, it shows some visual smearing. Therefore, two smearing compensation networks are implemented on the board: - An RC-series network, parallel to the input network of the CR6927, for the compensation of the TDA4885 smearing. This is a smearing that shows an undershoot (D≈7-8%) with time constant τs,1≈50 ns. The value of compensation resistor R*23 is calculated in equation 8. 27 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 Equ. 8 The value for C*11 must be: τs,1\R*23 = 50ns\4k3 = 12pF. - An RC-series network, from output to input of the CR6927 in order to compensate its own smearing. This is an overshoot smearing (D≈2%) with time constant τs,2≈15µs. The value for compensation resistor R*14 must be calculated by equation 9: Equ. 9 The RC-combination must match the smearing time constant: C*07 = τs,2\R*14 = 15µs\220k = 68pF. Note: These compensation values are start values, the final values must be obtained experimentally. 28 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 6. Application Note AN97039 REFERENCES Ref. 1: Ref. 2: Ref. 3: Ref. 4: Data sheet TDA4885, issued 1996 March 13. Data sheet CR6927, issued 1996 February 29. Data sheet PCB8517, issued 1995 March 7. ’PCALE 15" Autosync Monitor Mk2 circuit description’ by Han Misdom. Report number AN95086.0, issued 1995 September 5. Ref. 5: Data sheet 17" tube, data handbook DC01: ’Colour TV Picture Tubes and Assemblies’, issued 1994 October. 29 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 30 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 1: I2C CONTROL SOFTWARE Note: Contrary to the example above, feedback polarity should be set ’Positive’ for the application, described in this report. 31 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 2a: INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM TDA4885 (left side) SDA SCL LIM 16 15 16 data Vi1 6 Vi1 Vi1 6 6 6 BIT DAC I 2 C-BUS LIMITING OSD BLANKING REGISTER INPUT CLAMPING BLANKING CLIPPING CONTRAST INPUT CLAMPING BLANKING CLIPPING CONTRAST INPUT CLAMPING BLANKING CLIPPING CONTRAST 6 BIT DAC 4 BIT DAC FPOL DISV DISO PEDST BLANKING OSD CONTRAST BRIGHTNESS OSD CONTRAST BRIGHTNESS OSD CONTRAST BRIGHTNESS blanking input clamping DISO INPUT CLAMPING VERTICAL BLANKING OSD INPUT fast blanking TDA4885 1 FBL 2 3 OSD1 OSD2 4 OSD3 Fig.10 Internal Block Diagram TDA4885 (left side) 32 5 CLI Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 2b: INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM TDA4885 (right side) GM1 GM2 GM3 12 13 14 data MODULATION 6 BIT DAC 6 BIT DAC 6 BIT DAC 8 BIT DAC 8 BIT DAC 8 BIT DAC CHANNEL 3 REFERENCE 22 REF3 CHANNEL 2 REFERENCE 27 REF2 CHANNEL 1 REFERENCE 32 REF1 FPOL POLARITY SWITCH GAIN PEDESTAL BLANKING PEDESTAL BLANKING 30 Vo1 24 Vp2 25 Vo2 23 GND2 26 FB2 GAIN PEDESTAL BLANKING DISV Vp1 28 GND1 31 FB1 GAIN KING 29 19 Vp3 20 Vo3 18 GND3 21 FB3 BLANKING OUTPUT CLAMPING SUPPLY 11 7 9 HFB Vp GND Fig.11 Internal Block Diagram TDA4885 (right side) 33 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 3a: SCHEMATICS SYSTEM (left side) IC3 PCF8517 1 C1 16 R1 2 VCO R 15 C2 10k R4 3 PLL G 14 5k6 4 VDD B 13 R5 5 HS FB 12 5k6 100n R3 R2 1M 100n HS IC1 100E 4k7 R36 4k7 4k7 R35 R34 R6 100E R7 100E CON1 SCK OSD GEN 8 SDI R8 100E 6 ENN VS 8 SCK SCK 10 n.u. R11 R12 1 100E 100E C3 100n ENN 11 7 SDI R9 10E 9 VS C4 100n 10E I2 C 5V R201 3 100E Input2 Red R13 Gnd SCL Input1 Green R301 4 100E 5V +5V 5 Vref 32 Feedback 31 R102 10n 33E R103 75E L3 10u R14 10E C201 10n Channel1 Green Input3 Blue Output Vsupply 29 Clamping R202 78V R302 33E R104 Channel2 8 Vsupply Input2 Red 9 Ground 10 Input3 Blue 11 * If GainMod not used Vref 27 * 12 0E R125 R204 13 0E R225 R304 14 100E * R224 -8V Feedback R212 7k5 10E C205 100n T201 BFG35 26 R223 4k3 R209 270E C203 Channel2 Red Output 25 R205 10E R206 24 10E 8V 10E C202 100n Ground 23 Vref 22 Feedback 78V C212 100n -8V R312 10E C305 100n R324 7k5 Blanking 68p R226 R323 4k3 T301 BFG35 Vref3 R309 R311 21 270E C303 1k 100E 4 28 1k 100E Channel3 Ground R211 33E R15 Channel1 68p R126 10E C112 100n R207 470E 10n R303 75E * 8V Input1 Green 100E 1 270E C103 R107 470E R106 C5 100n C301 Ground 4k3 R109 30 R105 10E 10E C102 100n Vsupply Gain Modulation CON3 R123 1k R203 75E CON4 Blue Input 10E C105 100n T101 BFG35 Vref2 7 8V CON5 Red Input 6 7k5 R111 OSD C101 CON6 Green Input R112 8V 100E 1 Vref1 R124 R101 2 100E R10 Gnd SDA TDA4885 Fast Blanking Gain Mod2 Red Channel3 Blue Output Vsupply 20 R305 10E 19 SDA R17 SCL Ground 18 Beam Current Limiter 17 I 2C 220E R19 33k 68p 10E 78V C312 100n -8V R306 Gain Mod3 Blue 0E R325 R16 15 220E 16 R307 470E R326 Gain Mod1 Green 10E C302 100n 8V 1 R20 1E C6 330n 63V R21 1E C16 10n R18 100E PR37981 Video Output Amplifier with TDA4885 and CR6927 Fig.12 System Schematics (left side) 34 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 3b: SCHEMATICS SYSTEM (right side) R33 185V 11V 10E R30 150k C22 100n T1 BC546B IC2 CR6927 185V C21 100n R31 270E R32 390E 8V R116 1M C109 Out 12 8V R117 R114 R123 C111 4k3 R109 12p R110 270E C103 56E C104 68p 82p R115 1u * 11 Gnd 200k 10 56p C107 In 47E D101 BAV21 100V 185V C108 R118 62k * C110 R119 8k2 R108 1k5 9 78V Supply 200k C207 * Vref2 R208 1k5 78V Supply 1E R312 5 C206 100n 100V C305 Out R323 C311 R314 R309 12p R310 200k 270E C303 56E C304 68p 82p R315 * Gnd C307 2 In 1u 100V * R318 62k * optional smearing compensation R308 1k5 R313 78V C308 56p R320 91k R321 C306 100n 100V Vref3 5V uA7805 C7 2 100n 63V 1 uA7908 3 330n 63V 100n 63V 185V R24 C11 33u 16V C12 C20 10u 250V 100E HS 78V -8V C13 100n 63V 8V C10 2 T302 BC546B C14 33u 16V CON7 C15 R23 1E VS 10u 100V CON8 VSync Input R25 * 2k 330n 63V 1 14 CON2 BCL 1E uA7808 10u 100V 8k2 2 R22 1E 3 1 C23 1n5 IC6 C8 33u 16V IC5 C9 1n5 C17 47E D301 BAV21 5k6 R322 3 1 C6 330n 63V CON10 Aquadag CON9 Vg2 C310 R319 8k2 1 78V Supply 1E IC4 1n 2kV 1n 1kV C18 R27 2k7 R29 1E R316 1M R317 C309 L2 10u R28 2k7 4 4k3 3 C19 L1 10u Fig.13 System Schematics (right side) 35 V-Sync 8V C210 10u 100V Aquadag R213 78V R219 8k2 R220 91k T202 R221 BC546B 5k6 R222 8k2 M41EER H-Sync 82p 56p In R218 62k 8 11 Vg1 68p 6 C208 6 47E D201 BAV21 Ground 56E C204 100V Vff 270E C203 1u -18V Gnd 7 Vff Gnd 12p R210 R209 C209 * Blanking 4k3 R216 1M R217 R215 +185V R214 C211 R223 R121 8k2 R122 8 +11V 8V 5k6 Out 100n 100V 10u 100V T102 BC546B Clamping C106 R120 91k +78V 78V R212 10E C205 Vref1 R113 1E HSync Input R26 * 2k * optional Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 4: MONITOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE The cut-off voltage of the three R/G/B guns is different and the monitor must be aligned to compensate for this voltage difference. Most of the following alignment procedure can be done by the TDA4885 software, except Vg2. It is specified for a video board with AC-coupling to the cathodes. Figure 15 clarifies what the several adjustments do to the cathode voltages. - Set Vg2 to minimum, so that the three CRT cut-off levels are too low; - Set the three black level DAC’s at maximum with positive feedback and with pedestal blanking (DAC=FF, FPOL=1, PEDST=1). Check: Vcath ≈ 75 V. - Set Contrast and Brightness to nominal values (Contrast: 26hex, Brightness: 10hex); - Apply video signal test pattern and disable video (DISV=1). The output will be at reference black; - Increase Vg2 slowly until one colour becomes just visible; - Decrease cathode voltage of remaining colours by decreasing the corresponding black level DAC until these colours also become just visible; - Enable video (DISV=0); - Adjust the three gain DAC’s until the desired white point (colour temperature) luminance is obtained. 75 V one colour visible black level decrease all colours visible Vg2 increase cathode voltages enable video GND Fig.14 Monitor Alignment. 36 gain adjustment desired white point Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 5: CALCULATIONS FLASH RESISTOR Purpose of the flash resistor from coupling capacitor to cathode is to limit flash diode current when a flash occurs without limiting the video bandwidth of the system. Maximum non-repetitive diode current (BAV21) is 1 A for a pulse ≤ 1 s and 5 A for a pulse ≤ 1 µs. If a flash occurs, it is led away from the video stage by the spark-gap and flash diode to the DC-amplifier elcap. The RC-filter that is formed by the flash resistor and the load capacitance (tube) is the limiting factor. Assuming a video bandwidth of 100 MHz, the cross-over frequency of the RC-filter must by larger than 300 MHz. The influence of the RC-filter is then limited to 5%. Load capacitance is about 9 pF (see equation 4), which yields a maximum flash resistor value of: Equ. 10 A flashover consists of two phases: - Before ignition of the spark-gap, a voltage of 2 kV is present for a time < 50 ns. The maximum flash resistor value of 60 Ω limits the diode current to 2 kV\60 Ω ≈ 30 A. This is clearly more then the specified maximum of 5 A. In practice, the inductance of wires and print tracks limits the diode current to less than 30 A and the BAV21 can withstand this very short pulse. - After ignition of the spark-gap, a voltage of 150 V is present for a time < 1 µs. Now, a current from the voltage of 150 V - 50 V (minimum elcap voltage) = 100 V must be limited to ≤ 5 A. This means the flash resistor must have a minimum value of 100 \ 5 = 20 Ω. A value of 47 Ω is chosen (safety margin). 37 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 6a: LAY-OUT PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (component side) Aquadag CON10 PR37982 27-03-97 Video Output Amplifier with TDA4885 and CR6927 VG2 CON9 R27 L1 L2 C19 T102 R317 C18 C23 C17 R29 D301 R313 R318 R221 R218 T302 R213 C209 R113 R32 R33 C20 C109 T202 R219 C310 R220 R118 + + C309 + + R30 R31 R320 R319 R321 + IC2 C15 R23 R316 + T1 R22 + C110 R119 + D201 C210 R24 R121 R120 R217 R216 R116 D101 +185V -18V Aquadag V-Sync H-Sync Ground VG1 Vff Gnd Vff Blank Clamp +11V +78V BCL R117 R28 R21 + IC5 C11 R312 R112 R107 C14 IC6 CON3 R306 R305 R205 Gnd G R B R13 R8 R7 IC1 R6 R12 R17 R16 R202 C301 R302 C201 C101 R301 R102 R201 R101 R5 R11 R204 R104 R203 R15 CON4 CON5 CON6 CON7 B R G H V * Optional R303 R103 R26 CON8 R25 CON1 * +--IIC--+ R304 R10 * +--OSD--+ R9 Fig.15 PCB Lay-out and Component Placement Component Side 38 Gain Modulation R226 R106 R14 R105 L3 IC3 + R326 R206 IC4 C8 R18 R3 SCK SDI ENN Gnd SDA +5V Gnd SCL R307 + R212 R207 CON2 R20 R126 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 6b: LAY-OUT PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (solder side) C22 R214 R109 C10 C9 R108 C6 C212 R123 C111 C211 C106 C104 R110 C105 C12 C13 C112 C7 T101 R124 R223 C21 C107 R114 C103 C203 R209 R111 C1 R211 R309 C108 R115 R210 R208 R224 T201 R324 C312 C305 R311 C303 T301 C311 R323 C304 R310 C205 R308 C206 C204 R314 C306 C307 C208 R215 C207 C308 R315 R1 R4 C2 C102 C3 R2 R122 C5 R325 C4 R225 R34 R35 R36 C202 R222 R322 C302 C16 R19 R125 Fig.16 PCB Lay-out and Component Placement Solder Side 39 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 7: COMPONENTS LIST Nbr. Value/Range Type 12NC/info --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R117 47E AB AB6E R217 47E AB AB6E R317 47E AB AB6E R27 2k7 AB AB6E R28 2k7 AB AB6E C108 * C0805 Not placed C208 * C0805 Not placed C308 * C0805 Not placed C111 12p C0805 2222-861-12129 C211 12p C0805 2222-861-12129 C311 12p C0805 2222-861-12129 C107 56p C0805 2222-861-12569 C207 56p C0805 2222-861-12569 C307 56p C0805 2222-861-12569 C103 68p C0805 2222-861-12689 C203 68p C0805 2222-861-12689 C303 68p C0805 2222-861-12689 C104 82p C0805 2222-861-12829 C204 82p C0805 2222-861-12829 C304 82p C0805 2222-861-12829 C16 10n C0805 2222-590-16627 C1 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C2 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C3 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C4 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C5 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C7 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C10 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C13 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C21 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C22 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C102 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C105 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C112 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C202 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C205 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C212 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C302 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C305 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C312 100n C0805 2222-910-16649 C6 330n C0805 2222-910-16656 C9 330n C0805 2222-910-16656 C12 330n C0805 2222-910-16656 40 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 Nbr. Value/Range Type 12NC/info --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C106 100n 100V C1812 2222-614-16649 C206 100n 100V C1812 2222-614-16649 C306 100n 100V C1812 2222-614-16649 C101 10n C2E 2222-370-41103 C201 10n C2E 2222-370-41103 C301 10n C2E 2222-370-41103 C18 1n 1kV C3EE4 C19 1n 2kV C3EE4 C17 1n5 CC2E 2222-630-03152 C23 1n5 CC2E 2222-630-03152 CON4 CoaxH 75E COAXCONH CON5 CoaxH 75E COAXCONH CON6 CoaxH 75E COAXCONH CON7 CoaxH 75E COAXCONH CON8 CoaxH 75E COAXCONH CON2 Stoko14 CON14 CON3 Stoko4 CON4 CON1 Stoko8 CON8 * HOSIDEN213 CRT_DAF IC3 PCF8517 DIL16 9352-996-00112 D101 BAV21 DO35 9331-892-10153 D201 BAV21 DO35 9331-892-10153 D301 BAV21 DO35 9331-892-10153 C15 10u 100V E1E6 2222-300-39109 C110 10u 100V E1E6 2222-300-39109 C210 10u 100V E1E6 2222-300-39109 C310 10u 100V E1E6 2222-300-39109 C20 10u 250V E2E10 2222-044-63109 C109 1u 100V E2E5 2222-037-59108 C209 1u 100V E2E5 2222-037-59108 C309 1u 100V E2E5 2222-037-59108 C8 68u 16V E2E5 2222-030-35689 C11 68u 16V E2E5 2222-030-35689 C14 68u 16V E2E5 2222-030-35689 R115 * R0805 Not Placed R215 * R0805 Not Placed R315 * R0805 Not Placed R125 0E R0805 Not Placed R225 0E R0805 Not Placed R325 0E R0805 Not Placed R110 56E R0805 2322-730-**569 R210 56E R0805 2322-730-**569 R310 56E R0805 2322-730-**569 R109 270E R0805 2322-730-**271 R209 270E R0805 2322-730-**271 41 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 Nbr. Value/Range Type 12NC/info --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R309 270E R0805 2322-730-**271 R111 1k R0805 2322-730-**102 R211 1k R0805 2322-730-**102 R311 1k R0805 2322-730-**102 R308 1k2 R0805 2322-730-**122 R108 1k5 R0805 2322-730-**152 R208 1k5 R0805 2322-730-**152 R223 4k3 R0805 2322-730-**432 R123 4k3 R0805 2322-730-**432 R323 4k3 R0805 2322-730-**432 R34 4k7 R0805 2322-730-**472 R35 4k7 R0805 2322-730-**472 R36 4k7 R0805 2322-730-**472 R1 5k6 R0805 2322-730-**562 R4 5k6 R0805 2322-730-**562 R124 7k5 R0805 2322-730-**752 R224 7k5 R0805 2322-730-**752 R324 7k5 R0805 2322-730-**752 R122 8k2 R0805 2322-730-**822 R222 8k2 R0805 2322-730-**822 R322 8k2 R0805 2322-730-**822 R19 33k R0805 2322-730-**333 R114 200k R0805 2322-730-**204 R214 200k R0805 2322-730-**204 R314 200k R0805 2322-730-**204 R2 1M R0805 2322-730-**105 IC1 TDA4885 SDIL32 9350-308-00112 R21 1E SFR16 2322-180-**108 R29 1E SFR16 2322-180-**108 R113 1E SFR16 2322-180-**108 R213 1E SFR16 2322-180-**108 R313 1E SFR16 2322-180-**108 R9 10E SFR16 2322-180-**109 R14 10E SFR16 2322-180-**109 R33 10E SFR16 2322-180-**109 R106 10E SFR16 2322-180-**109 R112 10E SFR16 2322-180-**109 R126 10E SFR16 2322-180-**109 R206 10E SFR16 2322-180-**109 R212 10E SFR16 2322-180-**109 R305 10E SFR16 2322-180-**109 R312 10E SFR16 2322-180-**109 R102 33E SFR16 2322-180-**339 R202 33E SFR16 2322-180-**339 R302 33E SFR16 2322-180-**339 42 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 Nbr. Value/Range Type 12NC/info --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R103 75E SFR16 2322-180-**759 R203 75E SFR16 2322-180-**759 R303 75E SFR16 2322-180-**759 R6 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R7 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R8 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R11 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R15 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R101 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R104 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R201 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R204 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R301 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R304 100E SFR16 2322-180-**101 R16 220E SFR16 2322-180-**221 R17 220E SFR16 2322-180-**221 R31 270E SFR16 2322-180-**271 R32 390E SFR16 2322-180-**391 R107 470E SFR16 2322-180-**471 R207 470E SFR16 2322-180-**471 R307 470E SFR16 2322-180-**471 R25 2k SFR16 2322-180-**202 Not placed R26 2k SFR16 2322-180-**202 Not placed R121 5k6 SFR16 2322-180-**562 R221 5k6 SFR16 2322-180-**562 R321 5k6 SFR16 2322-180-**562 R218 62k SFR16 2322-180-**623 R318 62k SFR16 2322-180-**623 R30 150k SFR16 2322-180-**154 R116 1M SFR16 2322-180-**105 R10 10E SFR16_2E 2322-180-**109 R226 10E SFR16_2E 2322-180-**109 R306 10E SFR16_2E 2322-180-**109 R326 10E SFR16_2E 2322-180-**109 R13 100E SFR16_2E 2322-180-**101 R18 100E SFR16_2E 2322-180-**101 R119 8k2 SFR16_2E 2322-180-**822 R219 8k2 SFR16_2E 2322-180-**822 R319 8k2 SFR16_2E 2322-180-**822 R120 91k SFR16_2E 2322-180-**913 R220 91k SFR16_2E 2322-180-**913 R320 91k SFR16_2E 2322-180-**913 R20 1E SFR16_4E 2322-180-**108 R22 1E SFR16_4E 2322-180-**108 R105 10E SFR16_4E 2322-180-**109 43 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 Nbr. Value/Range Type 12NC/info --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R205 10E SFR16_4E 2322-180-**109 R12 100E SFR16_4E 2322-180-**101 R5 100E SFR16_4E 2322-180-**101 R3 10k SFR16_4E 2322-180-**103 R118 62k SFR16_4E 2322-180-**623 R216 1M SFR16_4E 2322-180-**105 R316 1M SFR16_4E 2322-180-**105 R23 1E SFR25 2322-181-**108 R24 100E SFR25 2322-181-**101 T101 BFG35 SOT223 9339-199-10115 T201 BFG35 SOT223 9339-199-10115 T301 BFG35 SOT223 9339-199-10115 IC2 CR6927 SOT347 9340-400-20127 L1 10u SPOEL2E L2 10u SPOEL2E L3 10u SPOEL2E IC4 uA7805 TO220 IC5 uA7808 TO220 IC6 uA7908 TO220 T1 BC546B TO92 9332-377-801** T102 BC546B TO92 9332-377-801** T202 BC546B TO92 9332-377-801** T302 BC546B TO92 9332-377-801** 44 Philips Semiconductors Video Amplifier Board with TDA4885 and CR6927 Application Note AN97039 APPENDIX 8: POWER DISSIPATION CR6927 In order to calculate the necessary heatsink size for the video module, the maximum power dissipation of the video module has to be calculated. The power dissipation of an active load amplifier can be calculated by adding static and dynamic power. Static power is dissipated in the emitter resistors, the bias resistors R1, R2 and R3 (see figure 5) and Rfb. The DC current IDC is specified in its data sheet to be 30mA (Vsup = 78 V) for one channel. Equation 11 below calculates static power of one channel: Dynamic power is mainly dissipated in the buffer transistors and depends on output voltage swing, load and internal capacitance and switching frequency. Equation 12 defines dynamic power dissipation of one colour channel. Equ. 12 Where b is the blanking factor, during this part of a line time, there is no video signal. Power dissipating load capacitance is defined in equation 4 of paragraph 4.1 and internal (of buffer transistors CR6927) capacitance is 2.4 pF, adding up to: 8.95pF + 2.4pF = 11.35 pF. Maximum voltage swing is 50 V, Cload,dissipating = 11.35 pF and fswitch = 100 MHz. Equation 13 specifies the maximum dynamic power for one channel: Equ. 13 Total maximum power dissipation is the sum of static and dynamic power dissipation, yielding: 3 * (2.3+3.3) = 16.8 W. 45