Application Notes

AN10753
ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
Rev. 3 — 5 February 2013
Application note
Document information
Info
Content
Keywords
ESD, USB, PESD5V0X1BL, PESD12VS1UL, PRTR5V0U2F,
PRTR5V0U2K
Abstract
This application note describes how to protect USB 2.0 ports with
NXP general-application discretes parts, i.e. low-capacitance
ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) protection diodes PESD5V0X1BL,
PRTR5V0U2F and PRTR5V0U2K.
AN10753
NXP Semiconductors
ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
Revision history
Rev
Date
Description
3
20130205
Section 6 “Appendix” added.
2
20101101
Measurement results for PRTR5V0U2F and PRTR5V0U2K added.
Table 2 “Device ESD failure threshold classification according to MIL-STD 883” added.
1
20090115
Initial version
Contact information
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
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1. Introduction
An Integrated Circuit (IC) connected to external ports can be damaged by
ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) from the operating environment.
The result of ever-shrinking IC process technology is the decrease of ESD robustness
because of the smaller geometry of the silicon die.
Traditional methods to prevent ICs from ESD damage are the implementation of
additional devices such as:
•
•
•
•
Zener diodes
Varistors
Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) diodes
Bipolar clamp diodes
However, at much higher data rates, the parasitic characteristics can distort or deteriorate
signal integrity. This application note examines the general parameters the hardware
designer should look at to increase the ESD robustness of the application, e.g.
USB interfaces.
2. ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) basics
ESD events are one of the most challenging issues in the semiconductor industry these
days due to ever-shrinking IC structures of semiconductor devices.
006aab386
Fig 1.
Typical attention sign
The smaller the geometry of the silicon die, the more ESD sensitive are the ICs, and
the more IC area is required for the ESD protection of the device (see Figure 2).
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50 nm
IC area
Gate Oxide Thickness
Required IC area to achieve 2 kV HBM ESD protection
12.5 nm
Gate Oxide Thickness
8 nm
4.15 nm
1.5 μm
800 nm
350 nm
180 nm
3 nm
1.6 nm
140 nm
90 nm
<1.5 nm
65 nm
Chip size
006aab387
Fig 2.
Required IC area as a function of chip size; typical values
An ESD event is the transfer of energy between two bodies of different electrostatic
potential.
ElectroStatic Discharge can happen by contact, or via an ionized ambient discharge.
There are several models known:
• Human Body Model (HBM) - A human body is discharged to an electronic component.
• Machine Model (MM) - A machine or tool is discharged to an electronic component.
• Charged Device Model (CDM) - An electronic component is discharged to the
ambient.
• System Level (IEC) - A human body is discharged to a powered system.
This application note covers the difference between the Human Body Model and the
System Level Model which are both Human Body Models, but the System Level Model is
relevant for a complete solution, e.g. a portable multimedia device.
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ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
2.1 Human Body Model (HBM) - Standards IEC/EN 61340-3-1
or MIL-STD 883
This standard covers the manual handling of none-powered electronic components. The
handling can be picking up a device for testing or mounting the device on a Printed-Circuit
Board (PCB)!
A capacitor of 100 pF is charged and then discharged via a 1.5 k resistor to the Device
Under Test (DUT).
The waveform of IEC 61340-3-1 is shown in Figure 3, the rise time is defined up to 10 ns.
Ir
Ip 100 %
90 %
(PEAK TO PEAK RINGING)
(NOT DRAWN TO SCALE)
AMPERES
36.8 %
10 %
0
0
TIME
tri
tdi
CURRENT WAVEFORM
006aab388
Fig 3.
Table 1.
Application note
Waveform parameters according to MIL-STD 883
Step
Test voltage (kV)
Peak current (A)
1
0.5
0.33
2
1
0.67
3
2
1.33
4
4
2.67
Table 2.
AN10753
MIL-STD 883 waveform
Device ESD failure threshold classification according to MIL-STD 883
Class
Threshold voltage (V)
0
< 250
1A
250 to 499
1B
500 to 999
1C
1000 to 1999
2
2000 to 3999
3A
4000 to 7999
3B
 8000
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ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
2.2 System Level (IEC) - Standard IEC 61000-4-2
This standard covers the manual handling of a powered electronic system, e.g. touching
an interface connector.
A capacitor of 150 pF is charged and then discharged via a 330  resistor to the DUT.
The waveform of IEC 61000-4-2 is shown in Figure 4, the rise time is defined between
0.7 ns and 1 ns.
006aab389
Ipeak
100 %
90 %
I at 30 ns
I at 60 ns
10 %
t
tr = 0.7 ns to 1 ns
30 ns
60 ns
Fig 4.
IEC 61000-4-2 waveform
There are different levels for test proposals mentioned.
For contact or air discharge test, they differ in the voltage values (see Table 3).
Table 3.
Level
AN10753
Application note
Waveform parameters according to IEC 61000-4-2
Test voltage (kV)
Current (A)
Contact
Air
Peak current
After 30 ns
After 60 ns
1
2
2
7.5
4
2
2
4
4
15
8
4
3
6
8
22.5
12
6
4
8
15
30
16
8
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ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
2.3 Standard comparison
Both models differentiate concerning the test voltages.
One can see that a 2 kV discharge voltage refers to different discharge currents.
Therefore, NXP recommends external ESD protection to be compliant with the
IEC 61000-4-2 standard.
3. USB interface protection
The USB 2.0 standard covers several data transmission rates. It is also compliant to the
former specification USB 1.1.
Following data transmission rates are covered:
• 1.5 MBit/s (low speed)
• 12.0 MBit/s (full speed)
• 480 MBit/s (hi-speed)
For the hi-speed mode, the maximum allowed capacitance according to the
USB 2.0 specification is 10 pF overall.
These 10 pF are shared by a maximum of 5 pF for the transceiver itself, and the other
5 pF for the connector, PCB traces, and additional components.
Figure 5 shows the maximum allowable line capacitance at different data speeds.
006aab390
103
Cd
(pF)
102
10
1
103
104
105
106
107
108
f (Hz)
Fig 5.
Line capacitance as a function of line frequency; typical values
To expose any issue in USB data lines, the measurement method “eye pattern”, also
known as “eye diagram”, is used.
It represents a digital signal that provides minimum and maximum voltage levels and
signal jitter.
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One can also measure the signal rise time and the fall time, as well as overshoot and
undershoot.
Line capacitance and bandwidth effects of the USB data transmission can be evaluated!
USB 2.0 signal mask specifications are provided by the USB Implementers Forum.
Figure 6 shows an “eye pattern” with the critical issues of a USB 2.0 data signal.
Level 1
+400 mV
Differential
Point 3
Point 4
Point 1
0 Volts
Differential
Point 2
Point 5
Point 6
−400 mV
Differential
Level 2
Unit Interval
0%
100 %
006aab391
Fig 6.
USB 2.0 “eye pattern”
3.1 Component differences
The NXP product portfolio offers two different approaches:
One component for each single line to be protected:
• Single-line protection for D+ and D bidirectional configuration (PESD5V0X1BL).
• Single-line protection for VBUS unidirectional configuration (PESD12VS1UL).
One package for complete USB interface protection:
• Dual line protection in rail-to-rail configuration, i. e. D+, D and VBUS (PRTR5V0U2x).
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ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
4. Measurement methods
4.1 USB 2.0 protection with PESD5V0X1BL
To evaluate the PESD5V0X1BL behavior in USB 2.0 applications, a reference board
(see Figure 7) was designed.
006aab392
Fig 7.
USB 2.0-ESD-Protection-V2-board
006aab393
Fig 8.
AN10753
Application note
USB 2.0-ESD-Protection-V2-assembly diagram
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ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
An image of the PCB layer structure having two controlled impedance lines is shown
in Figure 9.
Figure 10 provides the schematic of the demo board using PESD5V0X1BL for D1 and D2
each. In order to meet the USB charging requirements of even more than 5 V, there was a
PESD12VS1UL chosen for D3.
Total height (1.529 mm)
Prepreg (0.2 mm)
Top layer
Internal Plane 1 (GND)
Core (1 mm)
Prepreg (0.2 mm)
Internal Plane 2 (GND)
Bottom layer
006aab394
Fig 9.
USB 2.0 PCB layer structure
USB_VBUS
CON1
CON2
D+
D−
D2
D3
PESD12VS1UL
D1
PESD5V0X1BL
PESD5V0X1BL
USB_GND
006aab395
Fig 10. USB 2.0 ESD-Protection-V2-schematic
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ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
4.1.1 Reference measurements
To evaluate the influence of different ESD protection components, the measurements
were done in several steps.
A board without a device was evaluated as reference.
Comparing all “eye patterns” demonstrates the degradation caused by the ESD protection
devices.
The first test was done without any protection diode (see Figure 11), the result pattern is
shown in Figure 13.
006aab396
Fig 11. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” without DUT
006aab397
Fig 12. Test setup for USB 2.0 “eye pattern” without DUT
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4.1.2 DUT measurements
DUT measurements done on three different PCBs using two different PESD5V0X1BL
diodes each are shown below.
006aab398
Fig 13. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” with a 0.9 pF PESD5V0X1BL ESD protection diode; PCB1
006aab399
Fig 14. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” with a 0.9 pF PESD5V0X1BL ESD protection diode; PCB2
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ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
006aab400
Fig 15. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” with a 0.9 pF PESD5V0X1BL ESD protection diode; PCB3
006aab401
Fig 16. Test setup for USB 2.0 “eye pattern” with a 0.9 pF PESD5V0X1BL
ESD protection diode
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ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
4.2 USB 2.0 protection with PRTR5V0U2F/K
In order to evaluate the PRTR5V0U2F/K behaviors in USB 2.0 applications, two reference
boards were designed (see Figure 17 and Figure 18).
006aac463
Fig 17. USB 2.0 ESD-Protection-V3-board
006aac464
Fig 18. USB 2.0 ESD-Protection-V4-board
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006aac465
Fig 19. USB 2.0-ESD-Protection-V3/V4-assembly diagram
The PCB layer structure for the USB 2.0-ESD-Protection-V3/V4-assembly diagram as
shown in Figure 19 is similar to the USB 2.0-ESD-Protection-V2-board (see Figure 9).
Figure 20 provides the schematic of both, V3 and V4 reference boards, with only slight
differences with respect to the packages. PRTR5V0U2F is housed in an SOT886 package
of dimensions 1.45 × 1 × 0.5 mm, and PRTR5V0U2K is housed in an SOT891 package of
dimensions 1 × 1 × 0.5 mm.
USB CONNECTOR
Hi-SPEED USB TRANSCEIVER
VBUS
VBUS
1
6
D−
D+
D−
2
5
3
4
GND
D+
GND
006aac466
Fig 20. USB 2.0-ESD-Protection-V3/V4-schematic
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ESD protection for USB 2.0 interfaces
4.2.1 Reference measurements
To evaluate the influence of different ESD protection components, the measurements
were done in several steps.
A board without a device was evaluated as reference.
Comparing all “eye patterns” demonstrates the degradation caused by the ESD protection
devices.
The first test was done without any protection diode (see Figure 21) using a similar test
setup to Figure 12.
006aac467
Fig 21. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” without DUT
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4.2.2 DUT measurements
The DUT measurements were done on three different PCBs using PRTR5V0U2F and
PRTR5V0U2K on a similar test setup to Figure 16.
006aac468
Fig 22. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” with PRTR5V0U2F protection diode; PCB1
006aac469
Fig 23. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” with PRTR5V0U2F protection diode; PCB2
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006aac470
Fig 24. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” with PRTR5V0U2F protection diode; PCB3
006aac471
Fig 25. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” with PRTR5V0U2K protection diode; PCB1
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006aac472
Fig 26. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” with PRTR5V0U2K protection diode; PCB2
006aac473
Fig 27. USB 2.0 “eye pattern” with PRTR5V0U2K protection diode; PCB3
5. Summary
The NXP low-capacitance ESD protection devices offer best results for USB 2.0 hi-speed
applications.
The “eye pattern” evaluations show that NXP’s low-capacitance ESD protection devices
have an extremely low impact on the USB 2.0 data signals.
This option gives the hardware designer some space for additional capacitance on the
USB 2.0 signal lines!
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6. Appendix
6.1 USB 2.0 ESD protection portfolio
Table 4.
USB 2.0 ESD protection portfolio
Type number
Cline [1]
VBUS(max)
ESD rating
Package
AEC-Q101
PRTR5V0U2X
1.0 pF
5.0 V
8 kV
SOT143B
YES
PRTR5V0U2AX
1.8 pF
5.0 V
8 kV
SOT143B
YES
PRTR5V0U4D
1.0 pF
5.0 V
8 kV
SOT457
YES
PRTR5V0U2F
1.0 pF
5.0 V
8 kV
DFN1410-6
NO
PRTR5V0U2K
1.0 pF
5.0 V
8 kV
DFN1010-6
NO
PUSBM5V5X4-TL
1.0 pF
5.5 V
8 kV
DFN1616-6
NO
PUSBM12VX4-TL
1.0 pF
12 V
8 kV
DFN1616-6
NO
PUSBM15VX4-TL
1.0 pF
15 V
8 kV
DFN1616-6
NO
PUSBM30VX4-TL
1.0 pF
30 V
8 kV
DFN1616-6
NO
IP4369CX4
0.8 pF
only D lines
8 kV
WLCSP4
NO
[1]
Data lines (D+/D)
6.2 USB 3.0 ESD protection portfolio
Table 5.
USB 3.0 ESD protection portfolio
Type number
Cline
VBUS(max)
ESD rating
Package
AEC-Q101
IP4294CZ10-TBR
0.50 pF
only D lines
10 kV
DFN2510A-10
NO
IP4292CZ10-TBR
0.55 pF
only D lines
8 kV
DFN2510A-10
NO
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7. Legal information
7.1
Definitions
Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under
internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in
modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of
information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of
use of such information.
7.2
Disclaimers
Limited warranty and liability — Information in this document is believed to
be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or
completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the
consequences of use of such information. NXP Semiconductors takes no
responsibility for the content in this document if provided by an information
source outside of NXP Semiconductors.
In no event shall NXP Semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental,
punitive, special or consequential damages (including - without limitation - lost
profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or
replacement of any products or rework charges) whether or not such
damages are based on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of
contract or any other legal theory.
Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason
whatsoever, NXP Semiconductors’ aggregate and cumulative liability towards
customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance
with the Terms and conditions of commercial sale of NXP Semiconductors.
Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make
changes to information published in this document, including without
limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without
notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior
to the publication hereof.
Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed,
authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or
safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or
malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected
to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental
damage. NXP Semiconductors and its suppliers accept no liability for
inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or
applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own
risk.
Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these
products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no
representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the
specified use without further testing or modification.
AN10753
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Customers are responsible for the design and operation of their applications
and products using NXP Semiconductors products, and NXP Semiconductors
accepts no liability for any assistance with applications or customer product
design. It is customer’s sole responsibility to determine whether the NXP
Semiconductors product is suitable and fit for the customer’s applications and
products planned, as well as for the planned application and use of
customer’s third party customer(s). Customers should provide appropriate
design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated with their
applications and products.
NXP Semiconductors does not accept any liability related to any default,
damage, costs or problem which is based on any weakness or default in the
customer’s applications or products, or the application or use by customer’s
third party customer(s). Customer is responsible for doing all necessary
testing for the customer’s applications and products using NXP
Semiconductors products in order to avoid a default of the applications and
the products or of the application or use by customer’s third party
customer(s). NXP does not accept any liability in this respect.
Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein
may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior
authorization from competent authorities.
Evaluation products — This product is provided on an “as is” and “with all
faults” basis for evaluation purposes only. NXP Semiconductors, its affiliates
and their suppliers expressly disclaim all warranties, whether express, implied
or statutory, including but not limited to the implied warranties of
non-infringement, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The
entire risk as to the quality, or arising out of the use or performance, of this
product remains with customer.
In no event shall NXP Semiconductors, its affiliates or their suppliers be liable
to customer for any special, indirect, consequential, punitive or incidental
damages (including without limitation damages for loss of business, business
interruption, loss of use, loss of data or information, and the like) arising out
the use of or inability to use the product, whether or not based on tort
(including negligence), strict liability, breach of contract, breach of warranty or
any other theory, even if advised of the possibility of such damages.
Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason
whatsoever (including without limitation, all damages referenced above and
all direct or general damages), the entire liability of NXP Semiconductors, its
affiliates and their suppliers and customer’s exclusive remedy for all of the
foregoing shall be limited to actual damages incurred by customer based on
reasonable reliance up to the greater of the amount actually paid by customer
for the product or five dollars (US$5.00). The foregoing limitations, exclusions
and disclaimers shall apply to the maximum extent permitted by applicable
law, even if any remedy fails of its essential purpose.
7.3
Trademarks
Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks
are the property of their respective owners.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
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8. Contents
1
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
3
3.1
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
5
6
6.1
6.2
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
8
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) basics . . . . . . . 3
Human Body Model (HBM) - Standards IEC/EN
61340-3-1 or MIL-STD 883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
System Level (IEC) - Standard IEC 61000-4-2. 6
Standard comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
USB interface protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Component differences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Measurement methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
USB 2.0 protection with PESD5V0X1BL . . . . . 9
Reference measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
DUT measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
USB 2.0 protection with PRTR5V0U2F/K. . . . 14
Reference measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
DUT measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
USB 2.0 ESD protection portfolio . . . . . . . . . . 20
USB 3.0 ESD protection portfolio . . . . . . . . . . 20
Legal information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s)
described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’.
© NXP B.V. 2013.
All rights reserved.
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
Date of release: 5 February 2013
Document identifier: AN10753