REJ10J1930-0100
E8a Emulator
Additional Document for User's Manual
R0E00008AKCE00EP57
Renesas Microcomputer Development Environment System
R8C Family / R8C/3x Series
Notes on Connecting the R8C/35A, R8C/36A and R8C/38A
Rev.1.00
Jun. 01, 2009
Notes regarding these materials
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E8a Emulator
Contents
Contents
Page
1. Inside the E8a Emulator User’s Manual ...................................................................................................................4
2. E8a Emulator Specifications.....................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Emulator specifications .......................................................................................................................................5
2.2 Applicable tool chain and third-party products ....................................................................................................7
3. Connecting the E8a Emulator to the User System ...................................................................................................9
3.1 Connector for connecting the E8a emulator and the user system......................................................................9
4. Examples of Pin Handling for Connecting the E8a.................................................................................................11
4.1 Examples of pin handling for connecting the E8a.............................................................................................11
4.2 Interface circuit in the E8a emulator .................................................................................................................13
5. Emulator Debugger Setting ....................................................................................................................................14
5.1 [Emulator Setting] dialog box ............................................................................................................................14
5.2 [Emulator mode] tab..........................................................................................................................................15
5.3 [Firmware Location] tab.....................................................................................................................................17
5.4 [Communication Baud Rate] tab .......................................................................................................................18
6. E8a Emulator Functions (Supplement on the User’s Manual) ...............................................................................19
6.1 E8a emulator functions .....................................................................................................................................19
6.2 Eventcondition tab of the Eventpoints window..................................................................................................20
6.3 Event Setting dialog box ...................................................................................................................................21
6.4 Display contents of the Trace window ..............................................................................................................23
6.5 Notes on the event settings of the access break and trace function ................................................................24
7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator ..........................................................................................................................25
7.1 MCU resources used by the E8a emulator .......................................................................................................25
7.2 Flash memory ...................................................................................................................................................28
7.2.1 Notes on debugging in CPU rewrite mode .................................................................................................28
7.2.2 Note on rewriting flash memory..................................................................................................................28
7.2.3 Note on flash memory during user program execution ..............................................................................28
7.2.4 MCUs used for debugging..........................................................................................................................28
7.2.5 Flash memory ID code ...............................................................................................................................29
7.3 Debugging during a watchdog timer operation .................................................................................................30
7.4 Power supply.....................................................................................................................................................30
7.5 Operation during a user program halt ...............................................................................................................31
7.6 Debug functions ................................................................................................................................................31
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1. Inside the E8a Emulator User’s Manual
1. Inside the E8a Emulator User’s Manual
The E8a manual consists of two documents: the E8a User’s Manual and the E8a Additional Document for User’s
Manual (this document). Be sure to read BOTH documents before using the E8a emulator.
In this user’s manual, the symbol # is used to show active LOW. (e.g. RESET#)
(1) E8a Emulator User’s Manual
The E8a Emulator User’s Manual describes the hardware specifications and how to use the emulator debugger.
-
E8a emulator hardware specifications
Connecting the E8a emulator to the host computer or user system
Operating the E8a emulator debugger
Tutorial: From starting up the E8a emulator debugger to debugging
(2) E8a Additional Document for User’s Manual
The E8a Additional Document for User’s Manual describes content dependent on the MCUs and precautionary
notes.
-
MCU resources used by the E8a emulator
Example of the E8a emulator connection or interface circuit necessary for designing the hardware
Notes on using the E8a emulator
Setting the E8a emulator debugger during startup
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2. E8a Emulator Specifications
2. E8a Emulator Specifications
2.1 Emulator specifications
Table 2.1 shows the E8a emulator specifications for the R8C/35A, R8C/36A and R8C/38A Groups. Table 2.2 shows the
operating environment of the E8a emulator.
Table 2.1
E8a Emulator Specifications for the R8C/35A, R8C/36A and R8C/38A Groups
Target MCUs
R8C Family R8C/3x Series
R8C/35A, R8C/36A and R8C/38A Groups
Available operating modes
Single-chip mode
Power voltages
3.0 - 5.5 V (f(XIN)=20MHz)
2.7 - 5.5 V (f(XIN)=10MHz)
1.8 - 5.5 V (f(XIN)=5MHz) [*1]
Debug functions
Break functions
- Address match break, 8 points
- Data access break, 2 points
- Event A: Comparison with the address/data mask, and access condition (R, W, R/W) can be set.
- Event B: Comparison with the address mask, and access condition (R, W, R/W) can be set.
- PC break points (maximum 255 points)
- Forced break
Trace functions
4 branch instructions (branch source/destination PC)
or
Up to 8 data cycles can be specified.
Flash memory programming function
Available
User interface
1-line clock asynchronous serial interface (communication via MODE pin)
MCU resources to be used
- ROM size: 2 KB
- Stack 8 bytes
- Address match interrupt
Emulator power supply
Unnecessary (USB bus powered, power supplied from the PC)
Interface with host machine
USB (USB 1.1, full speed)
* Also connectable to host computers that support USB 2.0
* Operation with all combinations of host machine, USB device and USB hub is not guaranteed for
the USB interface.
Power supply function
Can supply 3.3 V or 5.0 V to the user system (maximum 300 mA)
Applicable emulator debugger
R8C E8a Emulator Debugger V.1.03.00 or later
Note
[*1]
Set the power voltage to 2.7 V or above for rewriting the flash memory.
For details, refer to “7.6 (4) Note on debugging at less than 2.7V” on page 32.
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2. E8a Emulator Specifications
Table 2.2
Operating Environment
Temperatures
Humidity
Vibrations
Ambient gases
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Active
: 10°C to 35°C
Inactive
: –10°C to 50°C
Active
: 35% RH to 80% RH, no condensation
Inactive
: 35% RH to 80% RH, no condensation
Active
: maximum 2.45 m/s2
Inactive
: maximum 4.9 m/s2
Transportation
: maximum 14.7 m/s2
No corrosive gases
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2. E8a Emulator Specifications
2.2 Applicable tool chain and third-party products
You can debug a module created by the inhouse tool chain and third-party products listed in Table 2.3 below.
Table 2.3
Applicable Tool Chain and Third-party Products
Tool chain
M3T-NC30WA V.5.20 Release 01 or later
Third-party products
TASKING M16C C/C++/EC++ Compiler V.2.3r1 or later
IAR EWM16C V.2.12 or later
Notes on debugging the load modules created in ELF/DWARF2 format
If the load module was created in ELF/DWARF2 format using TASKING M16C C/C++/EC++ compiler V3.0r1, the
precautionary note described below must be observed when displaying member variables of the base class in the watch
window.
Precautionary Note:
If any class object with a base class is defined, the following problems may occur:
Case 1: Member variables of the base class cannot be referenced directly from the class object (*1).
=>Use indirect references from the class object to refer to member variables of the base class (*2) (*3).
Case 2: If the PC value resides in any member function of a derived class, member variables of the base class cannot be
referenced directly (*4).
=> Use indirect references from “this” pointer to refer to member variables of the base class (*5) (*6).
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2. E8a Emulator Specifications
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
*.h
class BaseClass
{
public:
int m_iBase;
public:
BaseClass() {
m_iBase = 0;
}
void BaseFunc(void);
};
class DerivedClass : public BaseClass
{
public:
int m_iDerive;
public:
DerivedClass() {
m_iDerive
= 0;
}
void DerivedFunc(void);
};
*.cpp
main()
{
class DerivedClass ClassObj;
ClassObj.DerivedFunc();
return;
}
void BaseClass::BaseFunc(void)
{
m_iBase = 0x1234;
}
void DerivedClass::DerivedFunc(void)
{
BaseFunc();
m_iDerive
= 0x1234;
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Figure 2.1 Example code
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Case 1: If the PC value resides in the main() function
(1)"ClassObj.m_iBase"
: Cannot be referenced (*1)
(2)"ClassObj.__b_BaseClass.m_iBase"
: Can be referenced (*2)
(3)"ClassObj"
-"__b_BaseClass"
-"m_iBase"
: Can be referenced (*3)
-"m_iDerive"
-: Expansion symbol
Case 2: If the PC value resides in the DerivedClass::DerivedFunc() function
(1)"m_iBase"
: Cannot be referenced (*4)
(2)"this->__b_BaseClass.m_iBase"
: Can be referenced (*5)
(3)"__b_BaseClass.m_iBase"
: Can be referenced (*5)
(4)"this"
-"*"
-"__b_BaseClass"
-"m_iBase"
: Can be referenced (*6)
-"m_iDerive"
(5)"__b_BaseClass"
-"m_iBase"
: Can be referenced (*6)
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Figure 2.2
Watch window registration example
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3. Connecting the E8a Emulator to the User System
3. Connecting the E8a Emulator to the User System
3.1 Connector for connecting the E8a emulator and the user system
Before connecting the E8a emulator to the user system, a connector must be installed in the user system so a user system
interface cable can be connected. Table 3.1 shows the recommended connector for the E8a emulator and Figure 3.2
shows E8a connecting connector pin assignments.
When designing the user system, refer to Figure 3.2 “E8a Connecting Connector Pin Assignments” and Section 3
“Connecting the E8a Emulator to the User System”.
Before designing the user system, be sure to read the E8a Emulator User’s Manual and related device hardware manuals.
Table 3.1
Recommended Connector
14-pin connector
Type Number
2514-6002
Manufacturer
3M Limited
Specification
14-pin straight type
User system interface cable
Connector
User system
Pin 2
Pin 1
Figure 3.1
Connecting the User System Interface Cable with an E8a Connecting Connector
Notes
z
z
z
Do not place any components within 3 mm area of the connector.
When using the E8a emulator as a programmer, connect it to the user system in the same way.
Connect E8a connecting connector pins 2, 4, 6, 10, 12 and 14 firmly to the GND on the user system board.
These pins are used as an electric GND and monitor the connection of the user system connector.
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3. Connecting the E8a Emulator to the User System
Pin NO
R8C/35A, R8C/36A and R8C/38A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
MCU Signals
N.C.
Vss
N.C.
Vss
N.C.
Vss
MODE
Vcc
N.C.
Vss
N.C.
Vss
RESET#
Vss
Pin 1 mark
Connector
Pin2
Pin 14
Pin1
Pin 13
Pin 1 mark
Figure 3.2
E8a Connecting Connector Pin Assignments
Notes
z Pin 14 is used for checking the connection between the E8a and the user system, and is not directly connected to the
Vss inside the E8a. Make sure pins 2, 4, 6, 10, 12 and 14 are all connected to the Vss.
z Note the pin assignments for the user system connector.
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4. Examples of Pin Handling for Connecting the E8a
4. Examples of Pin Handling for Connecting the E8a
4.1 Examples of pin handling for connecting the E8a
Figure 4.1 shows an example of pin handling when connecting the E8a.
When using the E8a as a programmer, the connection specification between the E8a and the MCUs is the same as shown
in Figure 4.1.
Pulled up at 4.7kΩ ± 10%
MCU
Pulled up at 4.7kΩ or more
Figure 4.1
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Example of an E8a Connection
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E8a Emulator
4. Examples of Pin Handling for Connecting the E8a
(1) MODE pin
The E8a emulator uses the MODE pin for MCU control and forced break control. Pull up the E8a emulator and
MCU pins and connect the E8a emulator.
Vcc
Pulled up at 4.7kΩ ± 10%
E8a connecting
connector
MODE
Figure 4.2
7
MODE
MCU
E8a Emulator and MODE Pin Connection
(2) RESET# pin
The RESET# pin is used by the E8a emulator. Therefore, use an open-collector output buffer or a CR reset circuit
as the reset circuit for the user system. The recommended pull-up value is 4.7 kΩ or more. The MCU can be reset
by outputting “L” from the E8a emulator. However, if the reset IC output is “H”, the user system reset circuit
cannot be set to “L”. As such, the E8a emulator will not operate normally.
E8a connecting
connector
RESET#
Vcc
User
logic
*
13
RESET#
MCU
Pulled up at 4.7kΩ or more
* : Open-collector buffer
Figure 4.3
Example of a Reset Circuit
(3) Other pins
- Connect Vss and Vcc to the Vss and Vcc of the MCU, respectively.
- The amount of voltage input to Vcc must be within the specified range of the MCU.
- Pin 14 is used for checking the connection between the E8a and the user system, and pins 4, 6 and 10 are
connected to the internal circuit. These pins are not directly connected to the Vss inside the E8a.
- Make sure pins 2, 4, 6, 10, 12 and 14 are all connected to the Vss.
- Do not connect anything to the N.C. pin.
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4. Examples of Pin Handling for Connecting the E8a
4.2 Interface circuit in the E8a emulator
Figure 4.4 shows the interface circuit in the E8a emulator. Use this figure as a reference when determining the pull-up
resistance value.
User system connector
Vcc
8
22Ω
MODE
7
22Ω
RESET#
Power supply circuit
(use only with power supply mode)
74LVC125
Emulator control circuit
[*1]
3.3V
74LVC2T45
[*1]
13
3.3V
2SC2462
10kΩ
[*1] Power for 74LVC125 and 74LVC2T45 are supplied from Vcc in the user system connector or power supply circuit (in power supply mode).
Figure 4.4
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Interface Circuit inside the E8a Emulator (For Reference)
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E8a emulator
5. Emulator Debugger Setting
5. Emulator Debugger Setting
5.1 [Emulator Setting] dialog box
The [Emulator Setting] dialog box is provided for setting items that need to be set when the debugger is launched. The
contents set from this dialog box (excluding [Power Supply] group box items) also become valid the next time the
debugger is launched. When launching the debugger for the first time after creating a new project work space, the
[Emulator Setting] dialog box is displayed with the Wizard.
Figure 5.1
[Emulator Setting] Dialog Box
If you check “Do not show this dialog box again.” at the bottom of the [Emulator Setting] dialog box, the [Emulator
Setting] dialog box will not be displayed the next time the debugger is launched.
You can open the [Emulator Setting] dialog box using one of the following methods:
- After the debugger is launched, select Menu -> [Setup] -> [Emulator] -> [Emulator Setting...].
- Hold down the Ctrl key while launching the debugger.
When “Do not show this dialog box again.” is checked, the E8a does not supply power to the user system.
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5. Emulator Debugger Setting
5.2 [Emulator mode] tab
Device selection, mode specification and power supply setting are made from the [Emulator mode] tab of the [Emulator
Setting] dialog box.
[MCU Group]
Select the name of the MCU group to be used
from the [MCU Group] drop-down list.
[Device]
Select the type of MCU to be used from the
[Device] drop-down list.
[Mode]
Select the mode to be used.
For details, see “5.2 (1) Selecting the Mode”
(p.16).
[Power supply]
Select the power supply to the user system.
- When supplying power to the user system from
the E8a, click the [Power Target from
Emulator. (MAX 300mA)] checkbox.
Figure 5.2 [Emulator mode] Tab of [Emulator Setting] Dialog Box
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5. Emulator Debugger Setting
(1) Selecting the Mode
Table 5.1 Selecting the Mode
Mode
Usage
Description
When starting the debugger, the E8a emulator erases the Flash memory data for the
Erase Flash and Connect [*2]
MCUs and simultaneously writes the E8a emulator program.
Debugging
only [*1]
Keep Flash and Connect [*2]
When launching the debugger, the E8a emulator retains the Flash memory data for
the MCUs. Note that the area for the E8a emulator program and the vector area used
by the E8a emulator will change.
The E8a emulator starts as a simple programmer. When downloaded, the E8a writes
only the user program (E8a emulator program is not written). Therefore, the program
cannot be debugged in this mode.
Simple
Program Flash [*2]
programmer
When [Execute the user program after ending the debugger.] is selected, with the
E8a emulator connected to the user system, the user program is executed at the
same time the debugger is terminated. This check box setting is available only when
the [Program Flash] mode is selected.
Select this setting when debugging the program which rewrites the CPU. In this
mode, the following debug operation which rewrites the Flash memory cannot be
executed.
Debugging of CPU rewrite mode
Debugging
only [*1]
- Setting the PC break points
- Changing the memory contents in the Flash memory area
In this mode, when starting the debugger, the E8a emulator erases the Flash memory
data for the MCUs and simultaneously writes the E8a emulator program.
Notes
[*1]
These modes are available only for debugging. Programs written in these modes cannot be executed from the CPU.
If you want to execute a program from the CPU, use Program Flash mode.
[*2]
When starting up in these modes, lock bits in all the blocks of the flash memory will be unlocked. Note that the lock
bits of the downloaded blocks will be unlocked after downloading the user program.
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5. Emulator Debugger Setting
5.3 [Firmware Location] tab
You can specify the address of the firmware location in the [Firmware Location] tab.
[Firmware Location]
Select the area in which the firmware is located.
Specify the address that will not be used by the
user system in the ROM area or RAM area.
- Program
Specify the ROM area in which the firmware is
located. Specify 2k bytes that will not be used
by the user system. [*1]
Figure 5.3 [Firmware Location] tab of [Emulator Setting] Dialog Box
Note
[*1]
When using the MCU whose ROM size is other than 128 KB, the options in this [Firmware Location] tab are
displayed in gray because this setting is unnecessary.
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5. Emulator Debugger Setting
5.4 [Communication Baud Rate] tab
Select communication baud rate between the E8a and MCU in the [Communication Baud Rate] tab. 500000 bps (default
setting) should be selected during normal use.
Figure 5.4 [Communication Baud Rate] Tab
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6. E8a Emulator Functions (Supplement on the User’s Manual)
6. E8a Emulator Functions (Supplement on the User’s Manual)
6.1 E8a emulator functions
With the R8C/35A, R8C/36A and R8C/38A Groups, the following functions in the device can be used.
(1) Break Function
- Address match break
This function breaks the program immediately before a specified address instruction is executed. It can be realized
using the address match interrupt of the MCU. Up to 8 points of the address match break can be used.
Set the address match breakpoint in the Break condition sheet of the Eventpoints window. You can also set it by
double-clicking the Event column in the Editor window.
For details, refer to the E8a User’s Manual.
- Data access break
This function breaks the program when a specified event is encountered. You can combine two points of the data
access event.
- Trace full break
This function breaks the program when the trace buffer is filled
(2) Trace Function
- Branch trace
This function displays addresses, mnemonics and source lines of the branch source and destination.
- Data trace
This function displays data accesses when a data access event is encountered.
For the data access event and trace condition, set them in the Eventcondition tab of the Eventpoints window.
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6. E8a Emulator Functions (Supplement on the User’s Manual)
6.2 Eventcondition tab of the Eventpoints window
Set the contents of the data access event, break condition and trace condition.
Double-clicking each item in this window will open the Event Setting dialog box to change the conditions. The items
displayed in the sheet are shown in Table 6.1.
Figure 6.1
Eventpoints Window (Eventcondition tab)
Table 6.1
Display Contents of the Eventcondition Tab
Item
Type
State
Condition
Action
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Description
Displays the event types.
- Event A
- Event B
- Break Condition
- Trace Condition
Shows the event is enable or disable.
- Enable
- Disable
Displays the set condition.
For the Event A and Event B, the access types are displayed.
- R/W: READ or WRITE
- READ
- WRITE
For the Break Condition and Trace Condition, Break/Trace is always displayed.
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6. E8a Emulator Functions (Supplement on the User’s Manual)
6.3 Event Setting dialog box
The conditions in the Event condition sheet can be set.
Figure 6.2
Event Setting Dialog box
(1) Event A
Set the contents of the Event A. You can set the conditions of the address comparison with mask specification and
data comparison with mask specification for the Event A.
Table 6.2
Contents of the Event A
Option
Address (with mask specification)
Data (with mask specification)
Access Size
Access Type
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Description
Specify an address to detect the data access. Specify the bit number to set
the address mask. The specified lower bits of the specified address are
masked.
If you compare data, specify the data and data mask. When selecting BYTE
for the Access Size, you can specify to FF. When selecting WORD for the
Access Size, you can specify to FFFF. If you do not compare data, leave the
Data item empty or enter 0 in the Mask. If you do not use the data mask,
leave the Mask item empty.
Select one from BYTE, WORD or Not specify for the Access Size. If a data
access which does not match the specified access size occurs, the event is
not encountered. When specifying WORD for the Access Size, specify the
even address for the Address item.
Select an access type.
- R/W: READ or WRITE
- READ
- WRITE
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6. E8a Emulator Functions (Supplement on the User’s Manual)
(2) Event B
Set the contents of the Event B. You can set the conditions of the address comparison with mask specification for
the Event B.
Table 6.3
Contents of the Event B
Option
Address (with mask specification)
Access Size
Access Type
Description
Same as the Event A.
Same as the Event A.
Same as the Event A.
(3) Break Condition
Set the break condition.
Table 6.4
Break Condition
Option
Break
Break at Trace Full
Description
Select a break condition.
- None: None specified. (No break by event)
- Event A: Breaks the program when the Event A is encountered.
- Event A or B: Breaks the program when either the Event A or Event B is
encountered.
- Event A and B: Breaks the program when both the Event A and Event B are
encountered.
- Event B->A: Breaks the program when an event is encountered in the order of the
Event B and Event A.
Check it to break the program when the trace buffer is filled. It can be set with the break
condition by event.
(4) Trace Condition
Set the trace condition.
Table 6.5
Option
Type
Start
Stop
Pick up
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Trace Condition
Description
Select a trace type.
- Branch Trace
- Data Trace
Select a start condition for the trace measurement.
- Go: Starts a measurement when starting executing the target program.
- Event A: Starts a measurement when the Event A is encountered.
- Event A or B: Starts a measurement when either the Event A or Event B is encountered.
- Event A and B: Starts a measurement when both the Event A and Event B are encountered.
- Event B->A: Starts a measurement when an event is encountered in the order of the Event B
and Event A.
Select a stop condition for the trace measurement.
- Break: Stops a measurement when stopping executing the target program.
- Trace FULL: Stops a measurement when the trace data is filled.
- Event A: Stops a measurement when the Event A is encountered.
- Event A or B: Stops a measurement when either the Event A or Event B is encountered.
- Event A and B: Stops a measurement when both the Event A and Event B are encountered.
- Event B->A: Stops a measurement when an event is encountered in the order of the Event B
and Event A.
Select an event to record when tracing data.
- Event A: Records only data access which encounters the condition of the Event A.
- Event A or B: Records only data access which encounters the condition of either the Event A
or Event B.
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E8a Emulator
6. E8a Emulator Functions (Supplement on the User’s Manual)
6.4 Display contents of the Trace window
To display the trace results, open the Trace window.
For each function of the popup menu, refer to the E8a User’s Manual. The items displayed in the sheet are shown in
Table 6.6.
Figure 6.3
Table 6.6
Trace Window
Trace Display
Item
PTR
IP
Type
Address
Data
Instruction
Source
Label
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Description
Displays the pointer numbers in the trace buffer. Displays them in ascending order with the trace end
position as 0.
Displays the instruction pointer.
Displays the type of trace information. When the branch trace is set, BRANCH/DESTINATION is displayed.
When the data trace is set, READ/WRITE is displayed.
When the branch trace is set, an address of the branch source and destination is displayed. When the data
trace is set, an address or address range set for the encountered event is displayed.
When the data trace is set, the accessed value is displayed. When the branch trace is set, nothing is
displayed.
When the branch trace is set, the mnemonic of the address is displayed. When the data trace is set, nothing
is displayed.
“*** EML ***” may be displayed in the Instruction column. This shows that the target program accessed the
area of emulator use to control breaks, etc. It is not an error.
If there is a source line information correspondent to the Instruction, the correspondent source line is
displayed. When the data trace is set, nothing is displayed.
If there is a label correspondent to an address in the Instruction, the correspondent label is displayed. When
the data trace is set, nothing is displayed.
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E8a Emulator
6. E8a Emulator Functions (Supplement on the User’s Manual)
6.5 Notes on the event settings of the access break and trace function
When setting the Event A or Event B for the access break and trace function, set the address, access size and access type
referring to Table 6.7 below.
Table 6.7
Availability of the Event Setting
Event setting condition
Availability of event
setting
Byte read to even address
Available
Byte write to even address
Available
Word read to even address
Available
Word write to even address
Available
Byte read to odd address
Available
Byte write to odd address
Available
Word read to odd address
Available
Word write to odd address
Available
Example of Event Setting dialog box
Address: 400h
Access size: BYTE
Access type: READ or R/W
Address: 400h
Access size: BYTE
Access type: WRITE or R/W
Address: 400h
Access size: WORD
Access type: READ or R/W
Address: 400h
Access size: WORD
Access type: WRITE or R/W
Address: 401h
Access size: BYTE
Access type: READ or R/W
Address: 401h
Access size: BYTE
Access type: WRITE or R/W
Address: 401h
Access size: BYTE [*1]
Access type: READ or R/W
Address: 401h
Access size: BYTE [*1]
Access type: WRITE or R/W
Note [*1]: For the access size, specify "BYTE". In this condition, the lower one byte data can be compared.
Notes
z
z
z
z
Note on the trace start condition
When setting an event (other than “Go”) for the trace start condition, a data when the event is encountered is not
recorded to the trace data. The data of the event which is encountered the next time is recorded.
Notes on the trace stop condition
When the trace start and trace stop conditions occur simultaneously, the trace stop condition becomes invalid.
When setting other than “Break” for the trace stop condition, the display contents of the Trace window will not be
updated until the user program stops even after a trace stop condition is encountered.
Note on setting the Event A
When setting an event for the Event A, you cannot specify a mask for an address and data simultaneously. If you
mask them simultaneously, an event will not be encountered.
Note on setting an event
Do not specify the following addresses as the address of the event. Otherwise, an unauthorized break may occur.
- Address in the interrupt vector table
- Address set in the interrupt vector table (interrupt routine start address)
- Branch address of the branch instruction
Both fixed vector table and variable vector table are included with the interrupt vector table above.
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7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator
7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator
7.1 MCU resources used by the E8a emulator
(1) Program area for the E8a emulator
Table 7.1 lists the program areas allotted for the E8a emulator. Do not change this area allocation, otherwise the
E8a emulator will not control the MCU. If settings were changed, disconnect the debugger and then reconnect it.
Table 7.1
Group
Program Area for the E8a Emulator
ROM Size
Part No.
Program ROM
R8C/35A
R8C/36A
R8C/38A
RAM Size
Data Flash
Program Area for E8a Emulator
Vector Area
ROM Area
R5F21357A
48 KB
4.0 KB
R5F21358A
64 KB
6.0 KB
R5F2135AA
96 KB
8.0 KB
-
R5F2135CA
128 KB
10 KB
2 KB of the ROM area [*1]
R5F21364A
16 KB
1.5 KB
-
R5F21365A
24 KB
2.0 KB
FFE4h - FFE7h,
-
R5F21366A
32 KB
2.5 KB
FFE8h - FFEBh,
-
4.0 KB
FFECh - FFEFh,
-
6.0 KB
FFF4h - FFF7h,
-
8.0 KB
FFF8h - FFFBh,
-
FFFCh - FFFEh
2 KB of the ROM area [*1]
R5F21367A
48 KB
1 KB
R5F21368A
64 KB
(4 blocks)
R5F2136AA
96 KB
-
R5F2136CA
128 KB
10 KB
R5F21386A
32 KB
2.5 KB
-
R5F21387A
48 KB
4.0 KB
-
R5F21388A
64 KB
6.0 KB
-
R5F2138AA
96 KB
8.0 KB
-
R5F2138CA
128 KB
10 KB
2 KB of the ROM area [*1]
Note
[*1]
When starting the debugger, the [Emulator Setting] dialog box is displayed. Specify the area which will not be used
by the user system. For details, see 5.3 [Firmware Location] tab.
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7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator
(2) Pins used by the E8a emulator
The E8a emulator controls the MCUs by using the following pins depending on the usage.
- For debugging/programming: RESET# pin and MODE pin
(3) Registers initialized by the E8a emulator
When the system is launched, the E8a emulator initializes the general registers and some of the flag registers as
shown in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2
E8a Emulator Register Initial Values
Status
E8a Emulator
Activation
Register
Initial Value
PC
Reset vector value in the vector address table
R0 to R3 (bank 0, 1)
0000h
A0, A1 (bank 0, 1)
0000h
FB (bank 0, 1)
0000h
INTB
0000h
USP
0000h
ISP
05FFh
SB
0000h
FLG
0000h
(4) SFRs used by the E8a emulator program
The SFRs listed in Table 7.3 are used by the E8a emulator program as well as the user program.
- Do not change the value in the memory window, etc., by other than the user program.
- Note that although the SFRs can be changed during user program execution, the changed value cannot be read at the
break.
The SFRs listed in Table 7.4 are used by the E8a emulator program, not the user program.
- Do not change the registers, otherwise the E8a cannot control the MCU.
- The SFRs listed in Tables Table 7.3 and Table 7.4 are not initialized by selecting [Debug] -> [Reset CPU] or by using
the RESET command. If register contents are referred to, a value that has been set in the E8a emulator program will
be read out.
Table 7.3
SFRs Used by the E8a Emulator Program (1)
Address
000Ah
0023h
Table 7.4
Register
Protect register
High-speed on-chip oscillator control register 0
Symbol
PRCR
FRA0
Bit
Bit 0
Bit 0
Symbol
Bit
RMAD0
AIER0
RMAD1
AIER1
All bits
All bits
All bits
All bits
SFRs Used by the E8a Emulator Program (2)
Address
01C0h - 01C2h
01C3h
01C4h - 01C6h
01C7h
Register
Address match interrupt register 0
Address match interrupt enable register 0
Address match interrupt register 1
Address match interrupt enable register 1
Note [*1]: Do not change this register value.
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Notes on Using the
E8a Emulator
[*1]
[*1]
[*1]
[*1]
E8a Emulator
7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator
(5) Stack area used by the E8a emulator
The E8a emulator uses up to 8 bytes of the stack pointer (ISP) during a user program break. Therefore, set aside 8
bytes for the stack area.
(6) Reset
The reset vector is used by the E8a emulator program. If the MCU is reset (hardware reset) while executing the user
program, control is transferred to the E8a emulator program and the user program is forced to stop. Do not use the
software reset, power-on reset, voltage monitor 0 reset, and watchdog timer reset, otherwise the E8a emulator will
run out of control.
If the automatic memory update is enabled in the memory or watch window, do not perform a hardware reset to the
MCU. Otherwise the E8a emulator will run out of control.
(7) Interrupts used by the E8a emulator program (unusable)
The BRK instruction interrupt, address match interrupt, single-step interrupt and address break are used by the E8a
emulator program. Therefore, make sure the user program does not use any of these interrupts. The E8a emulator
changes these interrupt vector values to the values to be used by the emulator. No problems occur if the interrupt
vector values are written in the user program.
(8) Reserved area
The addresses not specified in the Hardware Manual of MCUs are reserved area. Do not change the contents.
Otherwise, the E8a emulator cannot control the MCU.
(9) Count source protection mode
Count source protection mode cannot be debugged with the E8a emulator.
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7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator
7.2 Flash memory
7.2.1 Notes on debugging in CPU rewrite mode
(1) CPU rewrite can be executed only for the data area. If it is executed for the program area, the E8a emulator cannot
control the MCU.
(2) When rewriting the data area, do not halt the user program, while setting up the CPU rewrite mode and releasing it. If
halted, the E8a emulator may not control the MCU. In addition, disable the automatic update in the watch window or
fix the display in the memory window before running the program so memory accesses do not occur during an
execution.
(3) To check the data after executing the CPU rewrite mode, halt the program after releasing the CPU rewrite mode and
refer to the memory window, etc. If CPU rewrite can be executed for the data area, and erase process can be suspended,
do not use software breaks.
(4) When rewriting the Flash memory in the program area, select Menu -> [Setup] -> [Emulator] -> [System...] to open the
[Configuration] dialog box in the High-performance Embedded Workshop. In this dialog box, change the [Flash
memory synchronization] setting to [Flash memory to PC] and set the debugger cache to OFF.
In this setting, the Flash memory is read whenever a break occurs, which takes some time. Use it with the [Disable]
setting except when debugging in CPU rewrite mode.
7.2.2 Note on rewriting flash memory
(1) Do not reset nor execute debugging operations to the MCU when rewriting the flash memory.
Flash memory rewrite ends when the “Flash memory write end” is displayed in the output window of the Highperformance Embedded Workshop. If the MCU is reset or debugged when rewriting the flash memory, the user
program or the E8a emulator program may be disrupted.
Flash memory rewrite occurs:
- When downloading the user program
- After setting PC breaks in the flash memory and executing the user program
- After canceling PC breaks in the flash memory and executing the user program
- After rewriting the value of the flash memory in the memory window and executing the user program
7.2.3 Note on flash memory during user program execution
Do not rewrite the flash area from the memory window, etc., except from the user program during user program
execution.
7.2.4 MCUs used for debugging
When debugging, the Flash memory is frequently rewritten by the E8a emulator. Therefore, do not use an MCU
that has been used for debugging in products. Also, as the E8a emulator program is written to the MCU while
debugging, do not save the contents of the MCU Flash memory which were used for debugging nor use them as the
ROM data for products.
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7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator
7.2.5 Flash memory ID code
This MCU function prevents the Flash memory from being read out by anyone other than the user.
The ID code in Table 7.5 written to the flash memory of the MCU must match the ID code displayed in the Figure
7.1 [ID Code verification] Dialog Box at debugger startup, otherwise the debugger cannot be launched. Note that
when the ID code is FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, the ID code is regarded as undefined. In this case, the ID
code is automatically authenticated and the [ID Code verification] dialog box is not displayed.
The values written into the ID code area differs depending on the mode.
- ‘Program Flash’ mode:
Contents of the user program
- Modes other than ‘Program Flash’ mode: FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh
(regardless of the contents of the downloaded user program)
Table 7.5
Address
ID Code Storage Area
Description
FFDFh
First byte of ID code
FFE3h
Second byte of ID code
FFEBh
Third byte of ID code
FFEFh
Fourth byte of ID code
FFF3h
Fifth byte of ID code
FFF7h
Sixth byte of ID code
FFFBh
Seventh byte of ID code
Figure 7.1 [ID Code verification] Dialog Box
Notes
Notes on ‘Program Flash’ mode:
z When the ID code is specified by the -ID option of the lmc30, download the MOT file or HEX file.
z When the X30 file is downloaded, the ID code is not valid. When downloading the X30 file, specify the ID code
using an assembler directive command such as “.BYTE”.
z The file to which the ID code specified by the assembler directive command “.ID” is output varies depending on
the version of the assembler. For details, refer to the Assembler User’s Manual.
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7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator
7.3 Debugging during a watchdog timer operation
When running the E8a emulator program, the program refreshes the watchdog timer. If memory access is executed
through memory reference or modification, the watchdog timer will be refreshed by the E8a emulator program.
Note that this timing will differ from the actual operational timing.
The E8a emulator sets each of bit 0 and bit 7 of the option function select register (OFS: 0FFFFh) to 1b. Although
these addresses can be rewritten and the changed values can be referred to in the memory window, etc., the changed
values for these bits (bit 0 and bit 7) are invalid.
- b0: Watchdog timer start select bit
- b7: Count source protection mode after reset select bit
1: Watchdog timer is stopped after reset.
1: Count source protect mode disabled after reset
Also, the E8a emulator sets the lower 4 bits of the option function select register 2 (OFS2: 0FFDBh) to 1111b.
- b1, b0: Watchdog timer underflow period set bit
- b3, b2: Watchdog timer refresh acknowledgement period set bit
11: 3FFFh
11: 100%
7.4 Power supply
(1) Consumption current
When the E8a emulator does not supply power to the user system, it consumes the power voltage of the user system
from several mA to more than 10 mA. This is because the user power supply drives 74LVC125, 74LVC1T45 and
74LVC2T45 to make the communication signal level match the user system power supply voltage.
(2) E8a emulator power supply
When writing a program with the E8a emulator for mass production processes, the program requires reliability, so
do not use the E8a emulator power supply function. Supply power separately to the user system according to the
allowable voltage for MCU writing. Voltage supplied from the E8a emulator depends on the quality of the USB
power supply of the PC, and as such, precision is not guaranteed.
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7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator
7.5 Operation during a user program halt
(1) Operation clock during a user program halt
When the user program halts, the emulator changes the CPU clock to the internal high-speed on-chip oscillator
clock divided by 2 (approx. 20MHz, etc.) to operate. However, the peripheral features operate with the clock
specified by the user program.
Also, when the user program halts, the following registers may not be overwritten in some cases.
DTMF control register:
016Ch
DTMF count register 0:
016Eh
DTMF count register 1:
016Fh
Timer RC counter:
0126h, 0127h
Timer RD counter:
0156h, 0157h
Timer RG counter:
0176h, 0177h
(2) Peripheral I/Os during a user program halt
During a user program halt, interrupts are not accepted although peripheral I/Os continue to run. For example, a
timer interrupt is not accepted although the timer continues to count when a user program is stopped by a break
after the timer started.
7.6 Debug functions
(1) PC break point
When downloading a user program after modifying it, the set address of PC break may not be corrected normally
depending on the modification. Therefore, break points other than the set PC breaks may shift. After downloading a
user program, check the setting of PC breaks in the event point window and reset it.
(2) “Go to cursor” function
The “Go to cursor” function is actualized using an address match break. Therefore, when you execute the “Go to
cursor” command, all the address match breaks and hardware breaks you set become invalid, while all the PC
breaks remain valid.
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7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator
(3) Debugging in stop mode or wait mode
When debugging in stop mode or wait mode, do not operate windows until the program stops at the breakpoint by
setting the breakpoint at the line of the program which will be executed after the stop mode or wait mode is
cancelled. In addition, disable the automatic update in the watch window or fix the display in the memory window
before running the program so memory accesses do not occur during an execution.
When the program is forcibly stopped or when the memory is referred to or modified in stop mode or wait mode,
these mode will be cancelled.
(4) Note on debugging at less than 2.7V
As flash rewrite occurs when the operations below are executed, if the operating voltage of the MCU is less than
2.7V, do not perform these operations:
- Downloading the user program
- Setting and canceling PC breaks (Setting/canceling event breaks are available)
- Rewriting the value of the Flash memory in the memory window
(5) Note on the CPU clock
Do not use the CPU clock at less than 15.6 kHz (low-speed OCO divided by 8).
(6) Low-current-consumption read mode
When debugging in low-current-consumption read mode or the state that the flash memory is stopped, do not
operate windows until the program stops at the breakpoint by setting the breakpoint at the line of the program which
will be executed after each mode or state is cancelled.
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7. Notes on Using the E8a Emulator
(7) Exceptional step execution
a) Software interrupt instruction
Step execution cannot be performed in the internal processing of instructions (undefined, overflow, BRK and INT)
which generate a software interrupt continuously in the program (see Figure 7.2).
NOP
NOP
INT#3
NOP
Passes through if the STEP execution is carried out.
JMP MAIN
INT_3:
Program should be stopped at this address.
NOP
NOP
NOP
REIT
Figure 7.2
Example of Software Interrupt Instruction
b) INT instruction
To debug the user program with the INT instruction, set a PC break for the internal processing of the INT instruction
and execute the program with the GO command (see Figure 7.3).
NOP
INT #3
NOP
JMP MAIN
Execute using GO command.
INT_3:
NOP Break
NOP
REIT
Figure 7.3
Example of INT Instruction
(8) DTC during a user program halt
When the user program halts, or when the memory is referred to or modified while the user program is runnnig,
data transfer using DTC is prohibited.
(9) Note on using automatic memory update
When the automatic memory update is enabled in the memory or watch window, do not execute Step Out or
Multiple-step. Otherwise, it will take longer to update memory data and the operation will be delayed.
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Additional Document for User's Manual
Notes on Connecting the R8C/35A, R8C/36A and R8C/38A
Publication Date:
Jun. 01, 2009
Rev.1.00
Published by:
Sales Strategic Planning Div.
Renesas Technology Corp.
Edited by:
Microcomputer Tool Development Department
Renesas Solutions Corp.
© 2009. Renesas Technology Corp. and Renesas Solutions Corp., All rights reserved. Printed in Japan.
E8a Emulator
Additional Document for User's Manual