TC110 PFM/PWM Step-Up DC/DC Controller Features General Description • • • • • The TC110 is a step-up (Boost) switching controller that furnishes output currents of up to 300mA while delivering a typical efficiency of 84%. The TC110 normally operates in pulse width modulation mode (PWM), but automatically switches to pulse frequency modulation (PFM) at low output loads for greater efficiency. Supply current draw for the 100kHz version is typically only 50µA, and is reduced to less than 0.5µA when the SHDN input is brought low. Regulator operation is suspended during shutdown. The TC110 accepts input voltages from 2.0V to 10.0V, with a guaranteed start-up voltage of 0.9V. Assured Start-up at 0.9V 50µA (Typ) Supply Current (fOSC = 100kHz) 300mA Output Current @ VIN ≥ 2.7V 0.5µA Shutdown Mode 100kHz and 300kHz Switching Frequency Options • Programmable Soft-Start • 84% Typical Efficiency • Small Package: 5-Pin SOT-23A Applications • • • • The TC110 is available in a small 5-Pin SOT-23A package, occupies minimum board space and uses small external components (the 300kHz version allows for less than 5mm surface-mount magnetics). Palmtops Battery-Operated Systems Positive LCD Bias Generators Portable Communicators Functional Block Diagram Device Selection Table + Osc. Freq. (kHz) Operating Temp. Range 5-Pin SOT-23A 100 -40°C to +85°C 5-Pin SOT-23A 100 -40°C to +85°C Part Number Output Voltage (V)* Package TC110501ECT 5.0 TC110331ECT 3.3 Battery 3V 10µF + 3.0 5-Pin SOT-23A 100 -40°C to +85°C TC110503ECT 5.0 5-Pin SOT-23A 300 -40°C to +85°C VOUT 5 + 4 GND TC110 TC110333ECT 3.3 5-Pin SOT-23A 300 -40°C to +85°C VOUT TC110303ECT 3.0 5-Pin SOT-23A 300 -40°C to +85°C 1 *Other output voltages are available. Please contact Microchip Technology Inc. for details. D1 IN5817 Si9410DY 47µF Tantalum EXT TC110301ECT 47µH – VDD 2 SHDN/SS 3 R OFF ON C Package Type *RC Optional 5-Pin SOT-23A EXT GND 5 4 3V to 5V Supply TC110 1 VOUT 2 3 VDD SHDN/SS NOTE: 5-Pin SOT-23A is equivalent to the EIAJ SC-74A 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21355B-page 1 TC110 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS *Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute Maximum Ratings* Voltage on VDD, VOUT, SHDN Pins ........ -0.3V to +12V EXT Output Current ................................... ±100mA pk Voltage on EXT Pin ........................-0.3V to VDD +0.3V Power Dissipation.............................................150mW Operating Temperature Range............. -40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range .............. -40°C to +125°C TC110 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Characteristics: Note 1, VIN = 0.6 x VR, VDD = VOUT, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units Test Conditions VDD Operating Supply Voltage 2.0 — 10.0 V Note 2 VSTART Start-Up Supply Voltage — — 0.9 V IOUT = 1mA VHOLD-UP Oscillator Hold-Up Voltage — — 0.7 V IOUT = 1mA IDD Boost Mode Supply Current — — — — — — 120 130 180 50 50 70 190 200 280 90 100 120 µA VOUT = SHDN = (0.95 x VR ); fOSC = 300kHz; VR = 3.0V VR = 3.3V VR = 5.0V fOSC = 100kHz; VR = 3.0V VR = 3.3V VR = 5.0V ISTBY Standby Supply Current — — — — — — 20 20 22 11 11 11 34 35 38 20 20 22 µA VOUT = SHDN = (VR + 0.5V); fOSC = 300kHz; VR = 3.0V VR = 3.3V VR = 5.0V fOSC = 100kHz; VR = 3.0V VR = 3.3V VR = 5.0V ISHDN Shutdown Supply Current — 0.05 0.5 µA SHDN = GND, VO = (VR x 0.95) fOSC Oscillator Frequency 255 85 300 100 345 115 kHz VOUT = SHDN = (0.95 x VR ); fOSC = 300kHz fOSC = 100kHz VOUT Output Voltage VR x 0.975 VR VR x 1.025 V Note 3 — — 92 % VOUT = SHDN = 0.95 x VR DTYMAX Maximum Duty Cycle (PWM Mode) 15 25 35 % IOUT = 0mA VIH DTYPFM Duty Cycle (PFM Mode) SHDN Input Logic High 0.65 — — V VOUT = (VR x 0.95) VIL SHDN Input Logic Low — — 0.20 V VOUT = (VR x 0.95) REXTH EXT ON Resistance to VDD — — — 32 29 20 47 43 29 Ω VOUT = SHDN = (VR x 0.95); VR = 3.0V VR = 3.3V VEXT = (VOUT – 0.4V) VR = 5.0V REXTL EXT ON Resistance to GND — — — 20 19 13 30 27 19 Ω VOUT = SHDN = (VR x 0.95); VR = 3.0V VR = 3.3V VEXT = 0.4V VR = 5.0V Efficiency — 84 — % η Note 1: 2: 3: VR = 3.0V, IOUT = 120mA VR = 3.3V, IOUT = 130mA VR = 5.0V, IOUT = 200mA See Application Notes “Operating Mode” description for clarification. VR is the factory output voltage setting. DS21355B-page 2 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC110 2.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 2-1. TABLE 2-1: PIN FUNCTION TABLE Pin No. (5-Pin SOT-23A) Symbol 1 VOUT Description Internal device power and voltage sense input. This dual function input provides both feedback voltage sensing and internal chip power. It should be connected to the regulator output. (See Section 4.0, Applications). 2 VDD 3 SHDN/SS 4 GND Ground terminal. 5 EXT External switch transistor drive complimentary output. This pin drives the external switching transistor. It may be connected to the base of the external bipolar transistor or gate of the external N-channel MOSFET. (See Section 4.0, Applications). 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. Power supply voltage input. Shutdown input. A logic low on this input suspends device operation and supply current is reduced to less than 0.5µA. The device resumes normal operation when SHDN is again brought high. An RC circuit connected to this input also determines the soft-start time. DS21355B-page 3 TC110 3.0 DETAILED DESCRIPTION The TC110 is a PFM/PWM step-up DC/DC controller for use in systems operating from two or more cells, or in low voltage, line-powered applications. It uses PWM as the primary modulation scheme, but automatically converts to PFM at output duty cycles less than approximately 25%. The conversion to PFM provides reduced supply current, and therefore higher operating efficiency at low loads. The TC110 uses an external switching transistor, allowing construction of switching regulators with maximum output currents of 300mA. The TC110 consumes only 70µA, typical, of supply current and can be placed in a 0.5µA shutdown mode by bringing the shutdown input (SHDN) low. The regulator remains disabled while in shutdown mode, and normal operation resumes when SHDN is brought high. Other features include start-up at VIN = 0.9V and an externally programmable soft start time. 3.1 Operating Mode The TC110 is powered by the voltage present on the VDD input. The applications circuits of Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 show operation in the bootstrapped and non-bootstrapped modes. In bootstrapped mode, the TC110 is powered from the output (start-up voltage is supplied by VIN through the inductor and Schottky diode while Q1 is off). In bootstrapped mode, the switching transistor is turned on harder because its gate voltage is higher (due to the boost action of the regulator), resulting in higher output current capacity. 3.2 Low Power Shutdown Mode The TC110 enters a low power shutdown mode when SHDN is brought low. While in shutdown, the oscillator is disabled and the output switch (internal or external) is shut off. Normal regulator operation resumes when SHDN is brought high. SHDN may be tied to the input supply if not used. Note: 3.3 Because the TC110 uses an external diode, a leakage path between the input voltage and the output node (through the inductor and diode) exists while the regulator is in shutdown. Care must be taken in system design to assure the input supply is isolated from the load during shutdown. Soft Start Soft start allows the output voltage to gradually ramp from 0V to rated output value during start-up. This action minimizes (or eliminates) overshoot, and in general, reduces stress on circuit components. Figure 3-3 shows the circuit required to implement soft start (values of 470K and 0.1µF for R SS and CSS, respectively, are adequate for most applications). 3.4 Input Bypass Capacitors Using an input bypass capacitor reduces peak current transients drawn from the input supply and reduces the switching noise generated by the regulator. The source impedance of the input supply determines the size of the capacitor that should be used. The TC110 is powered from the input supply in the nonbootstrapped mode. In this mode, the supply current to the TC110 is minimized. However, the drive applied to the gate of the switching transistor swings from the input supply level to ground, so the transistor’s ON resistance increases at low input voltages. Overall efficiency is increased since supply current is reduced, and less energy is consumed charging and discharging the gate of the MOSFET. While the TC110 is guaranteed to start up at 0.9V the device performs to specifications at 2.0V and higher. DS21355B-page 4 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC110 FIGURE 3-1: BOOTSTRAPPED OPERATION L1 100µH D1 IN5817 VOUT n MTP3055EL C2 47µF 5 4 EXT GND TC110XX VOUT C1 33µF VDD 1 SHDN 2 3 + – FIGURE 3-2: OFF ON VIN NON-BOOTSTRAPPED OPERATION L1 100µH D1 IN5817 VOUT n MTP3055EL C2 47µF 5 4 EXT GND TC110XX VOUT VDD 1 2 SHDN 3 OFF ON + – FIGURE 3-3: C1 33µF VIN SOFT START/SHUTDOWN CIRCUIT TC110XX TC110XX SHDN/SS SHDN/SS 3 3 RSS 470K RSS 470K VIN SHDN CSS 0.1µF Shutdown Not Used 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. CSS 0.1µF Shutdown Used DS21355B-page 5 TC110 3.5 Output Capacitor The effective series resistance of the output capacitor directly affects the amplitude of the output voltage ripple. (The product of the peak inductor current and the ESR determines output ripple amplitude.) Therefore, a capacitor with the lowest possible ESR should be selected. Smaller capacitors are acceptable for light loads or in applications where ripple is not a concern. The Sprague 595D series of tantalum capacitors are among the smallest of all low ESR surface mount capacitors available. Table 4-1 lists suggested components and suppliers. 3.6 Inductor Selection Selecting the proper inductor value is a trade-off between physical size and power conversion requirements. Lower value inductors cost less, but result in higher ripple current and core losses. They are also more prone to saturate since the coil current ramps faster and could overshoot the desired peak value. This not only reduces efficiency, but could also cause the current rating of the external components to be exceeded. Larger inductor values reduce both ripple current and core losses, but are larger in physical size and tend to increase the start-up time slightly. A 22µH inductor is recommended for the 300kHz versions and a 47µH inductor is recommended for the 100kHz versions. Inductors with a ferrite core (or equivalent) are also recommended. For highest efficiency, use inductors with a low DC resistance (less than 20 mΩ). The inductor value directly affects the output ripple voltage. Equation 3-3 is derived as shown below, and can be used to calculate an inductor value, given the required output ripple voltage and output capacitor series resistance: Care must be taken to ensure the inductor can handle peak switching currents, which can be several times load currents. Exceeding rated peak current will result in core saturation and loss of inductance. The inductor should be selected to withstand currents greater than IPK (Equation 3-10) without saturating. Calculating the peak inductor current is straightforward. Inductor current consists of an AC (sawtooth) current centered on an average DC current (i.e., input current). Equation 3-6 calculates the average DC current. Note that minimum input voltage and maximum load current values should be used: EQUATION 3-4: Input Power = Output Power Efficiency Re-writing in terms of input and output currents and voltages: EQUATION 3-5: (VINMIN) (IINMAX) = (VOUTMAX) (IOUTMAX) Efficiency Solving for input curent: EQUATION 3-6: IINMAX = (VOUTMAX)(IOUTMAX) (Efficiency)(VINMAX) The sawtooth current is centered on the DC current level; swinging equally above and below the DC current calculated in Equation 3-6. The peak inductor current is the sum of the DC current plus half the AC current. Note that minimum input voltage should be used when calculating the AC inductor current (Equation 3-9). EQUATION 3-7: EQUATION 3-1: V = L(di) dt di = V(dt) dt VRIPPLE ≈ ESR(di) EQUATION 3-8: where ESR is the equivalent series resistance of the output filter capacitor, and VRIPPLE is in volts. Expressing di in terms of switch ON resistance and time: EQUATION 3-9: EQUATION 3-2: ESR [(VIN – VSW)tON] VRIPPLE ≈ L Solving for L: EQUATION 3-3: L ≈ ESR [(VIN – VSW)tON] VRIPPLE di = [(VINMIN – VSW)tON] L where: VSW = VCESAT of the switch (note if a CMOS switch is used substitute V CESAT for rDSON x IIN) Combining the DC current calculated in Equation 3-6, with half the peak AC current calculated in Equation 39, the peak inductor current is given by: EQUATION 3-10: IPK = IINMAX + 0.5(di) DS21355B-page 6 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC110 3.7 Output Diode For best results, use a Schottky diode such as the MA735, 1N5817, MBR0520L or equivalent. Connect the diode between the FB (or SENSE) input as close to the IC as possible. Do not use ordinary rectifier diodes since the higher threshold voltages reduce efficiency. 3.8 External Switching Transistor Selection The EXT output is designed to directly drive an N-channel MOSFET or NPN bipolar transistor. Nchannel MOSFETs afford the highest efficiency because they do not draw continuous gate drive current, but are typically more expensive than bipolar transistors. If using an N-channel MOSFET, the gate should be connected directly to the EXT output as shown in Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-1. EXT is a complimentary output with a maximum ON resistances of 43Ω to VDD when high and 27Ω to ground when low. Peak currents should be kept below 10mA. When selecting an N-channel MOSFET, there are three important parameters to consider: total gate charge (Qg); ON resistance (rDSON) and reverse transfer capacitance (CRSS). Qg is a measure of the total gate capacitance that will ultimately load the EXT output. Too high a Qg can reduce the slew rate of the EXT output sufficiently to grossly lower operating efficiency. Transistors with typical Qg data sheet values of 50nC or less can be used. For example, the Si9410DY has a Qg (typ) of 17nC @ VGS = 5V. This equates to a gate current of: The two most significant losses in the N-channel MOSFET are switching loss and I2R loss. To minimize these, a transistor with low rDSON and low CRSS should be used. Bipolar NPN transistors can be used, but care must be taken when determining base current drive. Too little current will not fully turn the transistor on, and result in unstable regulator operation and low efficiency. Too high a base drive causes excessive power dissipation in the transistor and increase switching time due to over-saturation. For peak efficiency, make RB as large as possible, but still guaranteeing the switching transistor is completely saturated when the minimum value of hFE is used. 3.9 Board Layout Guidelines As with all inductive switching regulators, the TC110 generates fast switching waveforms which radiate noise. Interconnecting lead lengths should be minimized to keep stray capacitance, trace resistance and radiated noise as low as possible. In addition, the GND pin, input bypass capacitor and output filter capacitor ground leads should be connected to a single point. The input capacitor should be placed as close to power and ground pins of the TC110 as possible. IGATEMAX = fMAX x Qg = 115kHz x 17nC = 2mA 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21355B-page 7 TC110 4.0 APPLICATIONS 4.1 Circuit Examples Figure 4-1 shows a TC110 operating as a 100kHz bootstrapped regulator with soft start. This circuit uses an NPN switching transistor (Zetex FZT690B) that has an hFE of 400 and V CESAT of 100 mV at IC = 1A. Other high beta transistors can be used, but the values of R B and CB may need adjustment if hFE is significantly different from that of the FZT690B. TABLE 4-1: Type Surface Mount SUGGESTED COMPONENTS AND SUPPLIERS Inductors Sumida CD54 Series (300kHz) CD75 (100kHz) Coiltronics CTX Series Through-Hole Sumida RCH855 Series RCH110 Series Renco RL1284-12 DS21355B-page 8 Figure 4-2 and Figure 4-3 both utilize an N-channel switching transistor (Silconix Si9410DY). This transistor is a member of the LittlefootTM family of small outline MOSFETs. The circuit of Figure 4-2 operates in bootstrapped mode, while the circuit of Figure 4-3 operates in non-bootstrapped mode. Capacitors Diodes Matsuo 267 Series Nihon EC10 Series Sprague 595D Series Matsushita MA735 Series Transistors N-channel Silconix Si9410DY ON Semiconductor MTP3055EL MTD20N03 Nichicon F93 Series Sanyo OS-CON Series Nichicon PL Series ON Semiconductor 1N5817 - 1N5822 NPN Zetex ZTX694B 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC110 FIGURE 4-1: 100kHz BOOTSTRAPPED REGULATOR WITH SOFT START USING A BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR VIN CIN 10µF/16V L1 47µH Sumida CD75 D1 Matsushita MA737 CB 10nF Ceramic VOUT Q1 FZT690BCT RB 1K 5 COUT 47µF, 10V Tant. 4 EXT GND TC110301 TC110301 VOUT VDD SHDN/SS 1 2 3 CSS 0.1µF Ceramic RSS 470K SHUTDOWN (Optional) FIGURE 4-2: 300kHz BOOTSTRAPPED, N-CHANNEL TRANSISTOR VIN CIN 10µF/16V D1 ON Semiconductor MBR0520L L1 22µH Sumida CD54 VOUT Q1 Silconix Si9410DY 5 4 EXT GND COUT 47µF, 16V Tant. TC110303 FIGURE 4-3: VOUT VDD SHDN/SS 1 2 3 300kHz NON-BOOTSTRAPPED, N-CHANNEL TRANSISTOR VIN CIN 10µF/16V D1 ON Semiconductor MBR0520L L1 22µH Sumida CD54 VOUT Q1 Silconix Si9410DY 5 4 EXT GND COUT 47µF, 16V Tant. TC110303 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. VOUT VDD SHDN/SS 1 2 3 DS21355B-page 9 TC110 5.0 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Unless Otherwise Specified, All Parts Are Measured At Temperature = 25°C) Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. Output Voltage vs. Output Current TC110 (300kHz, 3.3V) Efficiency vs. Output Current TC110 (300kHz, 3.3V) L = 22µH, CL = 94µF (Tantalum) L = 22µH, CL = 94µF (Tantalum) 100 80 2.7V 3.4 1.2V 1.8V 3.3 VIN = 0.9V 3.2 1.5V 2.0V 2.7V 3.1 1.2V 60 1.5V 2.0V 1.8V 40 20 VIN = 0.9V 3.0 0.1 1 10 100 OUTPUT CURRENT IOUT (mA) DS21355B-page 10 EFFICIENCY (%) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT) (V) 3.5 1000 0 0.1 1 10 100 1000 OUTPUT CURRENT IOUT (mA) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC110 6.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 6.1 Package Marking Information 1 represents product classification; TC110 = M 2 represents first integer of voltage and frequency 3 4 Symbol (100kHz) Symbol (300kHz) Voltage B C D E F H 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. represents first decimal of voltage and frequency Symbol (100kHz) Symbol (300kHz) Voltage 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F H K L M .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 represents production lot ID code 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21355B-page 11 TC110 6.2 Taping Form Component Taping Orientation for 5-Pin SOT-23A (EIAJ SC-74A) Devices User Direction of Feed Device Marking W PIN 1 P Standard Reel Component Orientation TR Suffix Device (Mark Right Side Up) Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size Package Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size 8 mm 4 mm 3000 7 in 5-Pin SOT-23A 6.3 Package Dimensions SOT-23A-5 .075 (1.90) REF. .071 (1.80) .059 (1.50) .122 (3.10) .098 (2.50) .020 (0.50) .012 (0.30) PIN 1 .037 (0.95) REF. .122 (3.10) .106 (2.70) .057 (1.45) .035 (0.90) .006 (0.15) .000 (0.00) .010 (0.25) .004 (0.09) 10° MAX. .024 (0.60) .004 (0.10) Dimensions: inches (mm) DS21355B-page 12 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC110 Sales and Support Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. 3. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com) Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. New Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21355B-page13 TC110 NOTES: DS21355B-page14 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC110 Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. 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Le Colleoni 1 20041 Agrate Brianza Milan, Italy Tel: 39-039-65791-1 Fax: 39-039-6899883 United Kingdom Microchip Ltd. 505 Eskdale Road Winnersh Triangle Wokingham Berkshire, England RG41 5TU Tel: 44 118 921 5869 Fax: 44-118 921-5820 05/01/02 DS21355B-page 16 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.