Rad Hard and SEE Hard 12A Synchronous Buck Regulator with Multi-Phase Current Sharing ISL70002SEH Features The ISL70002SEH is a radiation hardened and SEE hardened high efficiency monolithic synchronous buck regulator with integrated MOSFETs. This single chip power solution operates over an input voltage range of 3V to 5.5V and provides a tightly regulated output voltage that is externally adjustable from 0.8V to ~85% of the input voltage. Output load current capacity is 12A for TJ ≤ +150°C. Two ISL70002SEH devices configured to current share can provide 19A total output current, assuming ±27% worst-case current share accuracy. • DLA SMD#5962-12202 The ISL70002SEH utilizes peak current-mode control with integrated error amp compensation and pin selectable slope compensation. Switching frequency is also pin selectable to either 1MHz or 500kHz. Two ISL70002SEH devices can be synchronized 180° out-of-phase to reduce input RMS ripple current. High integration makes the ISL70002SEH an ideal choice to power small form factor applications. Two devices can be synchronized to provide a complete power solution for large scale digital ICs, like field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), that require separate core and I/O voltages. • 12A Output Current for a Single Device (at TJ = +150°C) • 19A Output Current for Two Paralleled Devices • 1MHz or 500kHz Switching Frequency • 3V to 5.5V Supply Voltage Range • ±1% Ref. Voltage (Line, Load, Temp. & Rad.) • Pre-Biased Load Compatible • Redundancy/Junction Isolation: Exceptional SET Performance • Excellent Transient Response • High Efficiency > 90% • Two ISL70002SEH Synchronization, Inverted-Phase • Comparator Input for Enable and Power-Good • Adjustable Analog Soft-Start • Input Undervoltage, Output Undervoltage and Adjustable Output Overcurrent Protection • QML Qualified per MIL-PRF-38535 • Full Mil-Temp Range Operation (-55°C to +125°C) • Radiation Environment Applications - High Dose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 krad(Si) • FPGA, CPLD, DSP, CPU Core and I/O Voltages - ELDRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 krad(Si)* *Level guaranteed by characterization; “EH” version is production tested to 50 krad(Si). • Low-Voltage, High-Density Distributed Power Systems • SEE Hardness - SEL and SEB LETTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.4MeV/mg/cm2 - SEFI LETTH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43MeV/mg/cm2 - SET LETTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.4MeV/mg/cm2 90 25 AMPLITUDE (V) EFFICIENCY (%) CH1 MASTER LX + 20V 85 80 20 15 CH2 SLAVE LX + 15V 10 CH3 VOUT x 10 5 75 CH4 SYNC 0 -6 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LOAD CURRENT (A) 9 10 11 12 FIGURE 1. EFFICIENCY 5V INPUT TO 2.5V OUTPUT, TA = +25°C April 5, 2012 FN8264.1 1 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 TIME (µs) 8 10 12 14 FIGURE 2. 2-PHASE SET PERFORMANCE at 86.4MeV/mg/cm2 CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2012. All Rights Reserved Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries. All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. ISL70002SEH ISHREFA ISHREFB ISHREFC ISHA ISHB ISHC EN DVDD AVDD Functional Block Diagram ISHEN ISHSL CURRENT SHARE POWER-ON RESET (POR) PORSEL ISHCOM SC0 SC1 PVINx CURRENT SENSE SLOPE COMPENSATION SOFT START SS EA FB GM PWM CONTROL LOGIC GATE DRIVE LXx COMPENSATION GND PGNDx UV POWER-GOOD PGOOD OCA OCB OCSSA OCSSB OVERCURRENT ADJUST PWM REFERENCE 0.6V REF TDI BIT TDO FSEL TPGM TRIM SYNC M/S PGNDx PGNDx AGND DGND Ordering Information ORDERING NUMBER PART NUMBER (Notes 1, 2) TEMP. RANGE (°C) PACKAGE (RoHS Compliant) 5962R1220201VXC ISL70002SEHVF -55 to +125 64 Ld CQFP 5962R1220201V9A ISL70002SEHVX -55 to +125 Die ISL70002SEHF/PROTO ISL70002SEHF/PROTO -55 to +125 64 Ld CQFP ISL70002SEHX/SAMPLE ISL70002SEHX/SAMPLE -55 to +125 Die ISL70002SEHEVAL1Z Evaluation Board PKG. DWG. # R64.A R64.A NOTE: 1. These Intersil Pb-free Hermetic packaged products employ 100% Au plate - e4 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. 2. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL70002SEH. For more information on MSL please see techbrief TB363. 2 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Pin Configuration PVIN3 NC SC0 SC1 PVIN2 LX2 PGND2 PGND1 LX1 PVIN1 EN OCSSB OCB OCSSA OCA REF ISL70002SEH (64 LD CQFP) TOP VIEW PVIN4 ISHC 43 PVIN5 ISHREFC 7 42 LX5 AVDD 8 41 PGND5 AGND 9 40 PGND6 DGND 10 39 LX6 DVDD 11 38 PVIN6 SS 12 37 PVIN7 PGOOD 13 36 LX7 ISHCOM 14 35 PGND7 ISHSL 15 34 PGND8 ISHEN 16 33 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 LX3 LX8 PVIN8 NC 44 6 FSEL ISHREFB M/S LX4 5 PVIN9 45 LX9 4 PGND9 PGND4 ISHB PGND10 46 LX10 3 PVIN10 PGND3 ISHREFA SYNC 47 GND 2 TDI ISHA TPGM 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 TDO 1 PORSEL FB Pin Descriptions PIN NUMBER PIN NAME 1 FB DESCRIPTION This pin is the voltage feedback input to the internal error amplifier. Connect a resistor from FB to VOUT and from FB to AGND to adjust the output voltage in accordance with Equation 1: V OUT = V REF ⋅ [ 1 + ( R T ⁄ R B ) ] (EQ. 1) Where: VOUT = Output voltage VREF = Reference voltage (0.6V typical) RT = Top divider resistor (Must be 1kΩ) RB = Bottom divider resistor The top divider resistor must be 1kΩ to mitigate SEE. Connect a 4.7nF ceramic capacitor across RT to mitigate SEE and to improve stability margins. If using current share, tie FB of the Master to FB of the Slave. 2, 4, 6 ISHA/B/C 3 If configured as a current share Master (ISHSL = DGND, ISHEN = DVDD), the ISHA/B/C pins are outputs that provides a current equal to 25 times the redundant A/B/C error amp output currents plus ISHREFA/B/C (nominally 100µA each). If configured as a current share Slave (ISHSL = DVDD, ISHEN = DVDD), the ISHA/B/C pins are inputs that become the Slave’s redundant A/B/C error amp output current. If using current share, tie ISHA/B/C of the Master to ISHA/B/C of the Slave. If not using current share, tie ISHA/B/C to DVDD. ISHA/B/C are tri-stated prior to a valid POR and when ISHEN = DGND. FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Pin Descriptions (Continued) PIN NUMBER PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 3, 5, 7 ISHREFA/B/C If configured as a current share Master (ISHSL = DGND, ISHEN = DVDD), the ISHREFA/B/C pins provide a reference output current equal to 100uA each. If configured as a current share Slave (ISHSL = DVDD, ISHEN = DVDD), the ISHREFA/B/C pins accept a reference input current. For a current share Slave, this input current is used together with the ISHA/B/C current to determine the Master’s redundant A/B/C error amp output current. If using current share, tie ISHREFA/B/C of the MASTER to ISHREFA/B/C of the Slave. If not using current share, tie ISHREFA/B/C to DVDD. The purpose of the reference current is to reduce the impact of external noise coupling onto ISHA/B/C. ISHREFA/B/C are tri-stated prior to a valid POR and when ISHEN = DGND. 8 AVDD This pin is the bias supply input to the internal analog control circuitry. Locally filter this pin to AGND using a 1Ω resistor and a 1µF ceramic capacitor. Locate both filter components as close as possible to the IC. AVDD should be the same voltage as DVDD and PVINx (±200mV). 9 AGND This pin is the analog ground associated with the internal analog control circuitry. Connect this pin directly to the PCB ground plane. 10 DGND This pin is the digital ground associated with the internal digital control circuitry. Connect this pin directly to the PCB ground plane. 11 DVDD This pin is the bias supply input to the internal digital control circuitry. Locally filter this pin to DGND using a 1Ω resistor and a 1µF ceramic capacitor. Locate both filter components as close as possible to the IC. DVDD should be the same voltage as AVDD and PVINx (±200mV). 12 SS This pin is the soft-start input. Connect a ceramic capacitor from this pin to DGND to set the soft-start output ramp time in accordance with Equation 2: t SS = C SS ⋅ V REF ⁄ I SS (EQ. 2) Where: tSS = Soft-start output ramp time CSS = Soft-start capacitor VREF = Reference voltage (0.6V typical) ISS = Soft-start charging current (23µA typical) Soft-start time is adjustable from approximately 2ms to 200ms. The range of the soft-start capacitor should be 82nF to 8.2µF, inclusive. If using current share, CSS of the Slave should be at least twice the CSS of the Master. 13 PGOOD This pin is the power-good output. This pin is an open drain logic output that is pulled to DGND when the output voltage is outside a ±11% typical regulation window. This pin can be pulled up to any voltage from 0V to 5.5V, independent of the supply voltage. A nominal 1kΩ to 10kΩ pull-up resistor is recommended. Bypass this pin to DGND with a 10nF ceramic capacitor to mitigate SEE. If using current share, tie PGOOD of the Master to PGOOD of the Slave. 14 ISHCOM ISHCOM is a bidirectional communication line between a current share Master and a current share Slave. If using current share, tie ISHCOM of the Master to ISHCOM of the Slave. The Master enables the Slave by resistively (~ 8.5kΩ) pulling ISHCOM high. The Slave indicates an over-current fault condition to the Master by pulling ISHCOM low. To mitigate SET, connect a 47pF ceramic capacitor from ISHCOM to the PCB ground plane. If not using current share this pin should be floated or connected to the PCB ground plane. ISHCOM is tri-stated if ISHEN is low. 15 ISHSL This pin is a logic input that is used to configure the IC as a current share Master or Slave. Tie this pin to DVDD to configure the IC as a current share Slave. Tie this pin to the PCB ground plane to configure the IC as a current share Master, or if the current share feature is not being used. 16 ISHEN This pin is an input that enables/disables the current share feature. To enable the current share feature, tie this pin to DVDD. To disable the current share feature, tie this pin to the PCB ground plane. 17 PORSEL 18 TDO This pin is the test data output of the internal BIT circuitry. Connect this pin to the PCB ground plane. 19 TDI This pin is the test data input of the internal BIT circuitry. Connect this pin to the PCB ground plane. 20 TPGM This pin is a trim input and is used to adjust various internal circuitry. Connect this pin to the PCB ground plane. 21 GND This pin is connected to an internal metal die trace that serves as a sensitive node noise shield. Connect this pin to the PCB ground plane. This pin is the input for selecting the rising and falling POR (Power-On-Reset) thresholds. For a nominal 5V supply, connect this pin to DVDD. For a nominal 3.3V supply, connect this pin to DGND. For nominal supply voltages between 5V and 3.3V, connect this pin to DGND. 4 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Pin Descriptions (Continued) PIN NUMBER PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 22 SYNC When SYNC is configured as an output (clock Master Mode, M/S = DVDD), this pin drives the SYNC input of another ISL70002SEH with a square ware that is inverted (~180° out-of-phase) from the Master clockdriving the Master PWM circuits. When configured as an input (clock Slave Mode, M/S = DGND), this pin uses the SYNC output from another ISL70002SEH or an external clock to drive the clock Slave PWM circuitry. If synchronizing to an external clock, the clock must be SEE hardened and the frequency must be within the range of 400kHz to 1.2MHz. 23, 28, 32, 37, 38, 43, 44, 49, 53, 58 PVINx These pins are the power supply inputs to the corresponding internal power blocks. These pins must be connected to a common power supply rail, which must fall in the range of 3V to 5.5V. Bypass these pins directly to PGNDx with ceramic capacitors located as close as possible to the IC. PVINx should be the same voltage as DVDD and AVDD (±200mV). 24, 27, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 54, 57 LXx These pins are the outputs of the corresponding internal power blocks and should be connected to the output filter inductor. Internally, these pins are connected to the synchronous MOSFET power switches. 25, 26, 34, 35, 40, 41, 46, 47, 55, 56 PGNDx These pins are the power grounds associated with the corresponding internal power blocks. These pins also provide the ground path for the metal package lid. Connect these pins directly to the PCB ground plane. These pins should also connect to the negative terminals of the input and output capacitors. Locate the input and output capacitors as close as possible to the IC. 29 M/S This pin is the clock Master/Slave input for selecting the direction of the bi-directional SYNC pin. For SYNC = Output (Master Mode), connect this pin to DVDD. For SYNC = Input (Slave Mode), connect this pin to the PCB ground plane. 30 FSEL This pin is the oscillator frequency select input. Tie this pin to DVDD to select a 1MHz nominal oscillator frequency. Tie this pin to the PCB ground plane to select a 500kHz nominal oscillator frequency. 31, 50 NC These are No Connect pins that are not connected to anything internally. They should be connected to the PCB ground plane. 51, 52 SC0/1 These pins are inputs that comprise a 2-bit code to select the slope compensation (SC) current ramp referred to the output as shown below. SC1 = DVDD, SC0 = DVDD: SC = 6.6A/µs for FSEL = DGND SC1 = DVDD, SC0 = DGND: SC = 3.3A/µs for FSEL = DGND SC1 = DGND, SC0 = DVDD: SC = 1.6A/µs for FSEL = DGND SC1 = DGND, SC0 = DGND: SC = 0.8A/µs for FSEL = DGND SC1 = DVDD, SC0 = DVDD: SC= 13.4A/µs for FSEL = DVDD SC1 = DVDD, SC0 = DGND: SC = 6.7A/µs for FSEL = DVDD SC1 = DGND, SC0 = DVDD: SC = 3.4A/µs for FSEL = DVDD SC1 = DGND, SC0 = DGND: SC = 1.7A/µs for FSEL = DVDD If using current share, SC0 and SC1 of the Slave MUST match the Master SC0 and SC1. 59 EN This pin is the enable input to the IC. This is a comparator type input with a rising threshold of 0.6V and programmable hysteresis. Driving this pin above 0.6V enables the IC. Bypass this pin to the PCB ground plane with a 10nF ceramic capacitor to mitigate SEE. 60, 62 OCSSB/A This pin is a switch to AGND that is active during the soft-start period. It is used to set the redundant A/B peak overcurrent limit threshold during soft-start. Connect a resistor from OCSSx to OCx in accordance with the following equation: ROCSSx 600mV / [(IOCSSx - IOCx) /100,000] where IOCx is the desired peak overcurrent limit during normal operation and IOCSSx is the desired peak current limit threshold during soft-start. 61, 63 OCB/A This pin is a source follower output that is used to set the redundant A/B peak overcurrent limit threshold during normal operation. Connect a resistor from this pin to the PCB ground plane in accordance with the following equation: ROCx = 600mV / (IOCx /100,000), where IOCx is the desired peak current limit threshold during normal operation. 64 REF This pin is the internal reference voltage output. Bypass this pin to the PCB ground plane with a 220nF ceramic capacitor located as close as possible to the IC. The bypass capacitor is needed to mitigate SEE. No current (sourcing or sinking) is available from this pin. If using current share, tie REF of the Master to REF of the Slave through a 10Ω resistor. 5 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Typical Application Schematic VIN 5 x 1µF M/S FSEL PORSEL SC1 SC0 59 EN 22 SYNC 12 SS 1µF 1µF LX1 LX2 LX3 LX4 LX5 LX6 LX7 LX8 LX9 LX10 ISL70002SEH 24 27 33 36 39 42 45 48 54 57 10nF 500nH VOUT + 1.8 6x150µF 1µF 1nF OCA 63 0.1µF 47pF 19.6k 4.02k 6.8nF 19.6k 4.02k 6.8nF OCSSA 62 OCB 61 1 FB 64 REF 0.22µF 1k PGOOD 13 GND AGND DGND PGND1 PGND2 PGND3 PGND4 PGND5 PGND6 PGND7 PGND8 PGND9 PGND10 OCSSB 60 ISHA ISHB ISHC ISHREFA ISHREFB ISHREFC ISHEN ISHSL ISHCOM 1.5k 1 PVIN1 23 PVIN2 28 32 PVIN3 37 PVIN4 38 PVIN5 43 PVIN6 44 PVIN7 49 PVIN8 53 PVIN9 PVIN10 858 AVDD 11 DVDD NC 31 NC 50 29 30 17 52 51 1k 1 AVDD TDO 18 TDI 19 TPGM 20 21 9 10 25 26 34 35 40 41 46 47 55 56 6x150µF 2 4 6 3 5 7 16 15 14 + AVDD FIGURE 3. SINGLE UNIT OPERATION 6 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Typical Application Schematic (Continued) VIN + 6x150µF 5 x 1µF 1 1 1µF 1µF 29 30 17 52 51 M/S FSEL PORSEL SC1 SC0 59 EN 22 SYNC 12 SS LX1 LX2 LX3 LX4 LX5 LX6 LX7 LX8 LX9 LX10 ISL70002SEH 0.1µF 47pF 10nF 500nH VOUT + 1.8 3x150µF 1µF 1nF 19.6k 4.02k 6.8nF 19.6k 4.02k 6.8nF OCSSA 62 OCB 61 1 FB 64 REF OCSSB 60 2 4 6 3 5 7 16 15 14 GND AGND DGND PGND1 PGND2 PGND3 PGND4 PGND5 PGND6 PGND7 PGND8 PGND9 PGND10 0.22µF 24 27 33 36 39 42 45 48 54 57 OCA 63 ISHA ISHB ISHC ISHREFA ISHREFB ISHREFC ISHEN ISHSL ISHCOM 1.5k 1k PGOOD 13 TDO 18 TDI 19 TPGM 20 21 9 10 25 26 34 35 40 41 46 47 55 56 1k PVIN1 23 PVIN2 28 32 PVIN3 37 PVIN4 38 PVIN5 43 PVIN6 44 PVIN7 49 PVIN8 53 PVIN9 PVIN10 858 AVDD 11 DVDD NC 31 NC 50 DVDD1 VIN DVDD1 5 x 1µF DVDD2 29 30 17 52 51 M/S FSEL PORSEL SC1 SC0 59 EN 22 SYNC 12 SS 1 1µF 1µF PGOOD 13 LX1 LX2 LX3 LX4 LX5 LX6 LX7 LX8 LX9 LX10 ISL70002SEH 24 27 33 36 39 42 45 48 54 57 500nH VOUT + 3x150µF 1.8 1µF 1nF OCA 63 0.22µF 19.6k 4.02k 6.8nF 19.6k 4.02k 6.8nF OCSSA 62 OCB 61 1 FB 64 REF OCSSB 60 TDO 18 TDI 19 TPGM 20 21 9 10 25 26 34 35 40 41 46 47 55 56 GND AGND DGND PGND1 PGND2 PGND3 PGND4 PGND5 PGND6 PGND7 PGND8 PGND9 PGND10 0.22µF 1 DVDD2 PVIN1 23 PVIN2 28 32 PVIN3 37 PVIN4 38 PVIN5 43 PVIN6 44 PVIN7 49 PVIN8 53 PVIN9 PVIN10 858 AVDD 11 DVDD NC 31 NC 50 10 2 4 6 3 5 7 16 15 14 6x150µF ISHA ISHB ISHC ISHREFA ISHREFB ISHREFC ISHEN ISHSL ISHCOM + FIGURE 4. TWO PHASE OPERATION WITH CURRENT SHARING 7 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 3) Thermal Information AVDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AGND - 0.3V to AGND + 6.2V DVDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DGND - 0.3V to DGND + 6.2V LXx, PVINx (Note 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PGNDx - 0.3V to PGNDx + 6.2V AVDD - AGND, DVDD - DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PVINx - PGNDx ± 0.3V Signal pins (Note 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AGND - 0.3V to AVDD + 0.3V Digital control pins (Note 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DGND - 0.3V to DVDD + 0.3V PGOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DGND - 0.3V to DGND + 6.2V SS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DGND - 0.3V to DGND + 2.5V Thermal Resistance θJA (°C/W) θJC (°C/W) CQFP Package (Notes 4, 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1.5 Operating Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55°C to +150°C Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65°C to +150°C Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see link below http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp FSE Recommended Operating Conditions AVDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AGND + 3V to 5.5V DVDD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DGND + 3V to 5.5V PVINx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PGNDx + 3V to 5.5V AVDD - AGND, DVDD - DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PVINx - PGNDx ± 0.1V Signal pins (Note 6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AGND to AVDD Digital control pins (Note 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DGND to DVDD REF, SS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internally Set GND, TDI, TDO, TPGM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DGND ILXx (TJ ≤ +150°C). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A to 1.2A Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55°C to +125°C CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty. NOTES: 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings assume operation in a heavy ion environment. 4. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board. See Tech Brief TB379 for details. 5. For θJC, the “case temp” location is the center of the package underside. 6. EN, FB, ISHx, ISHREFx, OCx, OCSSx, PORSEL and REF pins. 7. FSEL, GND, ISHCOM, ISHEN, ISHRSL, M/S, SYNC, SC0, SC1, TDI, TDO and TPGM pins. 8. The 6.2V absolute maximum rating must be met for a 20MHz bandwidth limited observation at the device pins. In addition, for a 600MHz bandwidth limited observation, the peak transient voltage on PVINx (measured to PGNDx) must be less than 7.1V with a duration above 6.2 V of less than 10ns, and the peak transient voltage on LXx (measured to PGNDx) must be less than 7.9V with a duration above 6.2 V of less than 10ns. Electrical Specifications V Unless otherwise noted, VIN = AVDD = DVDD = PVINx = EN = FSEL = M/S = SC0 = SC1= 3V to 5.5V; GND = AGND = DGND = PGNDx = ISHx = ISHCOM = ISHEN = ISHREFx = ISHSL = TDI = TDO = TPGM = 0V; FB = 0.65V; PORSEL = VIN for 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V and GND for VIN < 4.5V; LXx = SYNC = Open Circuit; OCx is connected to OCSSx with a 10kΩ resistor; OCx is connected to GND with a 4.99kΩ resistor shunted by a 6.8nF capacitor; PGOOD is pulled up to VIN with a 1kΩ resistor; REF is bypassed to GND with a 220nF capacitor; SS is bypassed to GND with a 100nF capacitor; TA = TJ = -55°C to +125°C; Post 100krad(Si). (Note 6). TYP MAX (Note 10) UNITS VIN = 5.5V 70 105 mA VIN = 3.6V 43 65 mA Standby Supply Current (Current Share Disabled) VIN = 5.5V, EN = GND, ISHEN = GND 2.5 6 mA VIN = 3.6V, EN = GND, ISHEN = GND 2 4 mA Operating Supply Current (Current Share Enabled, Current Share Master) VIN = ISHEN = 5.5V, ISHCOM = Open Circuit 70 120 mA Operating Supply Current (Current Share Enabled, Current Share Slave) VIN = ISHEN = ISHSL = 5.5V, ISHCOM Pulled to VIN with 1kΩ, M/S = GND, ISHx = ISHREFx = -100µA, SYNC = External 1MHz Clock 70 120 mA Standby Supply Current (Current Share Enabled, Current Share Slave) VIN = ISHEN = ISHSL = 5.5V, EN = M/S = GND, SYNC = External 1MHz Clock 3.0 7 mA VIN = ISHEN = ISHSL = 5.5V, M/S = GND, SYNC = External 1MHz Clock, ISHCOM = GND 7.3 11 mA 0.6 0.606 V PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 10) POWER SUPPLY Operating Supply Current (Current Share Disabled) OUTPUT VOLTAGE & CURRENT Reference Voltage 0.594 8 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Electrical Specifications Unless otherwise noted, VIN = AVDD = DVDD = PVINx = EN = FSEL = M/S = SC0 = SC1= 3V to 5.5V; GND = AGND = DGND = PGNDx = ISHx = ISHCOM = ISHEN = ISHREFx = ISHSL = TDI = TDO = TPGM = 0V; FB = 0.65V; PORSEL = VIN for 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V and GND for VIN < 4.5V; LXx = SYNC = Open Circuit; OCx is connected to OCSSx with a 10kΩ resistor; OCx is connected to GND with a 4.99kΩ resistor shunted by a 6.8nF capacitor; PGOOD is pulled up to VIN with a 1kΩ resistor; REF is bypassed to GND with a 220nF capacitor; SS is bypassed to GND with a 100nF capacitor; TA = TJ = -55°C to +125°C; Post 100krad(Si). (Note 6). (Continued) TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 10) MAX (Note 10) UNITS Output Voltage Tolerance VOUT = 0.8V to 2.5V, IOUT = 0A to 12A (Notes 11, 12) -2 2 % Error Amp Input Offset Voltage VIN = 5.5V, VREF = 600mV, Test Mode -1 3 mV Feedback (FB) Input Leakage Current VIN = 5.5V, VFB = 600mV -1.5 1.5 µA Sustained Output Current VIN = 3V, VOUT = 1.8V, OCA = OCB = PVIN (Note 13) 16 Internal Oscillator Tolerance FSEL = VIN or GND -15 15 % External Oscillator Range M/S = GND 0.4 1.2 MHz Minimum LXx On Time VIN = 5.5V, Test Mode 200 275 ns Minimum LXx Off Time VIN = 5.5V, Test Mode 0 50 ns Minimum LXx On Time VIN = 3V, Test Mode 225 300 ns Minimum LXx Off Time VIN = 3V, Test Mode 0 50 ns PORSEL, Master/Slave (M/S), SC1, SC0, ISHSL, ISHEN, FSEL Input Voltage Input High Threshold PORSEL, Master/Slave (M/S), SC1, SC0, ISHSL, ISHEN, FSEL Input Leakage Current VIN = 5.5V -1 Synchronization (SYNC) Input Voltage Input High Threshold, M/S = GND 2.3 PARAMETER TYP 22 A PWM CONTROL LOGIC VIN -0.5 Input Low Threshold 1.3 1.2 Input Low Threshold, M/S = GND V 0.5 V 1 µA 1.7 1.5 -1 V 1 V 1 µA Synchronization (SYNC) Input Leakage Current VIN = 5.5V, M/S = GND, SYNC = VIN or GND Synchronization (SYNC) Output Voltage VIN - VOH @ IOH = -1mA 0.1 0.4 V VOL@ IOL = 1mA 0.1 0.4 V Upper Device rDS(ON) VIN = 3V, 4A load, All Power Blocks in Parallel, Test Mode (Note 9) 20 40 mΩ Lower Device rDS(ON) VIN = 3V, 4A load, All Power Blocks in Parallel, Test Mode (Note 9) 15 30 mΩ LXx Output Leakage VIN = 5.5V, EN = LXx = GND, Single LXx Output POWER BLOCKS -1 µA VIN = LXx = 5.5V, EN = GND, Single LXx Output Deadtime (Note 12) Within a Single Power Block or between Power Blocks Efficiency (Note 12) 10 2.2 µA 25 ns VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.8V, IOUT = 6A, FSEL = GND 88 % VIN = 5V, VOUT = 2.5V, IOUT = 6A 90 % POWER-ON RESET VIN POR Rising Threshold, PORSEL = VIN 4.1 4.3 4.45 V Hysteresis, PORSEL = VIN 225 325 425 mV Rising Threshold, PORSEL = GND 2.65 2.8 2.95 V 70 140 240 mV 0.56 0.6 0.64 V 3 µA Hysteresis, PORSEL = GND Enable (EN) Input Voltage Rising/Falling Threshold Enable (EN) Input Leakage Current VIN = 5.5V, EN = VIN or GND 9 -3 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Electrical Specifications Unless otherwise noted, VIN = AVDD = DVDD = PVINx = EN = FSEL = M/S = SC0 = SC1= 3V to 5.5V; GND = AGND = DGND = PGNDx = ISHx = ISHCOM = ISHEN = ISHREFx = ISHSL = TDI = TDO = TPGM = 0V; FB = 0.65V; PORSEL = VIN for 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V and GND for VIN < 4.5V; LXx = SYNC = Open Circuit; OCx is connected to OCSSx with a 10kΩ resistor; OCx is connected to GND with a 4.99kΩ resistor shunted by a 6.8nF capacitor; PGOOD is pulled up to VIN with a 1kΩ resistor; REF is bypassed to GND with a 220nF capacitor; SS is bypassed to GND with a 100nF capacitor; TA = TJ = -55°C to +125°C; Post 100krad(Si). (Note 6). (Continued) MIN (Note 10) TYP MAX (Note 10) UNITS EN = 0.3V 6.4 11 16.6 µA SS = GND 20 23 27 µA Soft-Start Discharge ON-Resistance 2.2 4.7 Ω Soft-Start Discharge Time 256 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Enable (EN) Sink Current SOFT-START Soft-Start Source Current Clock Cycles POWER-GOOD SIGNAL Rising Threshold VFB as a % of VREF, Test Mode 107 111 115 % Rising Hysteresis VFB as a % of VREF, Test Mode 2 3.5 5 % Falling Threshold VFB as a % of VREF, Test Mode 85 89 93 % Falling Hysteresis VFB as a % of VREF, Test Mode 2 3.5 5 % Power-Good Drive VIN = 3V, PGOOD = 0.4V, EN = GND Power-Good Leakage VIN = PGOOD = 5.5V 7.2 mA 1 µA PROTECTION FEATURES Undervoltage Monitor Undervoltage Trip Threshold VFB as a % of VREF, Test mode 71 75 79 % Undervoltage Recovery Threshold VFB as a % of VREF, Test mode 84 88 92 % Overcurrent Monitor Overcurrent Trip Level IOCx = 60µA, Test mode (Note 14) 5.35 7.35 A IOCx = 240µA, Test mode (Note 14) 23 26 A CURENT SHARE Master Load Current = 12A, VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 0.8V, SC1 = ISHSL = M/S = 0, SC0 = ISHEN = FSEL = 1, SYNC = 1MHz External, 500nH inductor (Notes 12, 13) 7 12 17 A Master Load Current = 12A, VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.8V, SC0 = ISHSL= M/S = 0, SC1 = ISHEN = FSEL = 1, SYNC = 1MHz External, 500nH inductor (Notes 12, 13) 7 12 17 A Master Load Current = 12A, VIN = 5.0V, VOUT = 1.8V, SC0 = ISHSL = M/S = 0, SC1 = ISHEN = FSEL = 1, SYNC = 1MHz External, 500nH inductor (Notes 12, 13) 7 12 17 A Master Load Current = 12A, VIN = 5.0V, VOUT = 2.5V, ISHSL = M/S = 0, SC0 = SC1 = ISHEN = FSEL = 1, SYNC=1MHz External, 500nH inductor (Notes 12, 13) 7 12 17 A ISHx, ISHREFx, Tri-State Leakage Current VIN = 5.5V, EN = GND -1 0 1 µA Master ISHCOM Pull-Up Resistance ISHCOM = -50µA 6.5 10 13 kΩ Slave ISHCOM Input Leakage Current VIN = ISHSL = 5.5V -1 1 µA Slave ISHCOM Pull-Down Resistance ISHSL = VIN, EN = GND, ISHCOM = 7.2mA 35 75 125 Ω Slave ISHCOM Input High Voltage ISHSL = VIN 42 52 62 % of VIN Slave ISHCOM Input Low Voltage ISHSL = VIN 26 36 46 % of VIN Slave ISHCOM Input Voltage Hysteresis ISHSL = VIN 7 16 24 % of VIN Slave Load Current 10 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Electrical Specifications Unless otherwise noted, VIN = AVDD = DVDD = PVINx = EN = FSEL = M/S = SC0 = SC1= 3V to 5.5V; GND = AGND = DGND = PGNDx = ISHx = ISHCOM = ISHEN = ISHREFx = ISHSL = TDI = TDO = TPGM = 0V; FB = 0.65V; PORSEL = VIN for 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V and GND for VIN < 4.5V; LXx = SYNC = Open Circuit; OCx is connected to OCSSx with a 10kΩ resistor; OCx is connected to GND with a 4.99kΩ resistor shunted by a 6.8nF capacitor; PGOOD is pulled up to VIN with a 1kΩ resistor; REF is bypassed to GND with a 220nF capacitor; SS is bypassed to GND with a 100nF capacitor; TA = TJ = -55°C to +125°C; Post 100krad(Si). (Note 6). (Continued) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS ISHSL Input Leakage Current MIN (Note 10) TYP -1 ISHSL Input High Voltage VIN - 0.5 ISHSL Input Low Voltage MAX (Note 10) UNITS 1 µA 1.3 V 1.2 0.5 V SLOPE COMPENSATION SC1 = SC0 = VIN 5.9 13.4 17.7 A/µs SC1 = VIN, SC0 = GND 3.0 6.7 8.8 A/µs SC1 = GND, SC0 = VIN 1.5 3.4 4.5 A/µs SC1 = SC0 = GND 0.7 1.7 2.2 A/µs FSEL = GND, SC1 = SC0 = VIN 2.9 6.6 8.8 A/µs FSEL = GND, SC1 = VIN, SC0 = GND 1.4 3.3 4.5 A/µs FSEL = GND, SC1 = GND, SC0 = VIN 0.7 1.6 2.2 A/µs FSEL = GND, SC1 = SC0 = GND 0.3 0.8 1.2 A/µs NOTES: 9. Typical values shown reflect TA = TJ = +25°C operation and are not guaranteed. 10. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at -55°C, +25°C and +125°C, unless otherwise specified. 11. Limits do not include tolerance of external feedback resistors. The 0A to 12A output current range may be reduced by Minimum LXx On Time and Minimum LXx Off Time specifications. 12. Limits established by characterization or analysis and are not production tested. 13. Tested sequencially on LX2, LX6 and LX9. 14. Tested sequencially on LX2 and LX6 at 535mA to 735mA and 2.3A to 2.6A. 15. Tested in accordance with MIL-STD-883, method 1019, condition A. 11 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Typical Performance Curves 602.0 600.0 601.5 599.5 599.0 601.0 598.5 600.5 VREF (mV) VOLTAGE (mV) OCB 598.0 597.5 OCA 600.0 599.5 597.0 599.0 596.5 598.5 596.0 -55 -35 -15 5 25 45 65 85 598.0 -55 105 125 VIN = 5.5V VIN = 3V -35 -15 FIGURE 5. OVERCURRENT REFERENCE VOLTAGE 1,025 MINIMUM ON TIME (ns) OSC FREQUENCY (kHz) 45 65 85 105 125 275 VIN = 3V 1,000 975 VIN = 5.5V 950 925 900 -55 -35 -15 5 25 45 65 85 250 225 200 175 VIN = 5.5V 150 125 -55 105 125 VIN = 3V -35 -15 TEMPERATURE (°C) 5 25 45 65 TEMPERATURE (°C) 85 105 125 FIGURE 8. LXx MINIMUM ON TIME vs VIN FIGURE 7. OSC FREQUENCY vs VIN 30 70 OPERATING CURRENT (mA) SUSTAINED OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 25 FIGURE 6. REF VOLTAGE vs VIN 1,050 25 OCx DISABLED 20 15 10 5 0 -55 5 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) -35 -15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) FIGURE 9. SUSTAINED OUTPUT CURRENT WITH OVERCURRENT DISABLED 12 65 60 VIN = 5.5V 55 50 45 40 VIN = 3.6V 35 -55 -35 -15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) FIGURE 10. OPERATING CURRENT vs VIN FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Typical Performance Curves (Continued) ON-RESISTANCE (mΩ) 30 PFET 25 20 15 NFET 10 5 0 -55 -35 -15 5 25 45 65 TEMPERATURE (°C) 85 105 125 FIGURE 11. LX ON-RESISTANCE, ALL POWER BLOCKS IN PARALLEL, VIN = 3V 13 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Functional Description The ISL70002SEH is a monolithic, fixed frequency, current-mode synchronous buck regulator. Two ISL70002SEH devices can be used to provide a total DC/DC solution for FPGAs, CPLDs, DSPs and CPUs. PVIN1 LX1 PGND1 POWER BLOCK 1 POWER BLOCK 10 PVIN10 LX10 PGND10 PVIN2 LX2 PGND2 POWER BLOCK 2 PWMA and OCPA POWER BLOCK 9 PWMC PVIN9 LX9 PGND9 PVIN3 LX3 PGND3 POWER BLOCK 3 PVIN4 LX4 PGND4 POWER BLOCK 4 POWER BLOCK 8 POWER BLOCK 7 PVIN8 LX8 PGND8 The current comparator compares the output current at the current ripple peak to the scaled pilot current. The error amplifier monitors VOUT and compares it with an internal reference voltage. The output voltage of the error amplifier creates a proportional current to the pilot. If VOUT is low, the current level of the pilot is increased and the trip off current level of the output is increased. The increased output current raises VOUT until it is in agreement with the reference voltage. Output Voltage Selection VREF = 0.6V CREF = 220nF RT = 1k CC = 4.7nF POWER BLOCK 5 POWER BLOCK 6 PWMB and OCPB PVIN7 LX7 PGND7 PVIN6 LX6 PGND6 Note: Shaded Blocks indicate pilot current and overcurrent sensors. FIGURE 12. POWER BLOCK DIAGRAM Power Blocks The power output stage of the regulator consists of ten power blocks that are paralleled to provide full 12A output current capability. The block diagram in Figure 12 shows a top level view of the individual power blocks. Each power block has a power supply input pin, PVINx, a phase output pin, LXx, and a power supply ground pin, PGNDx. All PVINx pins must be connected to a common power supply rail and all PGNDx pins must be connected to a common ground. LXx pins should be connected to the output inductor based on the required load current, but must include the LX2, LX6 and LX9 pins. For example, if 6A of output current is needed, any five LXx pins can be connected to the inductor as long as three of them are the LX2, LX6 and LX9 pins. The unused LXx pins should be left unconnected. Connecting all ten LXx pins to the output inductor provides a maximum 12A of output current at +150°C die temperature. See the “Typical Application Schematic” on page 6 for pin connection guidance. Power blocks 2, 6 and 9 contain the master pilot devices, which provides current feedback and this is why they must be connected to the output inductor. Main Control Loop During normal operation, the internal top power switch is turned on at the beginning of each clock cycle. Current in the output inductor ramps up until the current comparator trips and turns off the top power MOSFET. Then the bottom power MOSFET turns on and the inductor current ramps down for the rest of the cycle. 14 VOUT COUT RT ERROR AMPLIFIER CC FB + PVIN5 LX5 PGND5 L LXx OUT VREF REF RB CREF FIGURE 13. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SELECTION The output voltage of the ISL70002SEH can be adjusted using an external resistor divider as shown in Figure 13. RT should be selected as 1kΩ to mitigate SEE. RT should be shunted by a 4.7nF ceramic capacitor, CC, to mitigate SEE and to improve loop stability margins. The REF pin should be bypassed to AGND with a 220nF ceramic capacitor to mitigate SEE. It should be noted that no current (sourcing or sinking) is available from the REF pin. RB can be determined from Equation 3. The designer can configure the output voltage from 0.8V to 85% of the input voltage. V REF R B = R T ⋅ ------------------------------------V –V OUT (EQ. 3) REF The minimum on time determines the lowest output voltage, so when VIN = 5.5V and the switching frequency is 500kHz this parameter limits the regulated output voltage to about 0.8V or greater. It increases at the 1MHz switching frequency to about 1.6V or greater. The minimum on time increases by about 9% at VIN = 3V, but the 500kHz output voltage is not limited by the minimum on time and the 1MHz minimum VOUT is approximately 0.9V. Switching Frequency/Synchronization The ISL70002SEH features an internal oscillator running at a fixed frequency of either 500kHz or 1MHz ±15% over recommended operating conditions. When the FSEL pin is grounded the oscillator operated at 500kHz, and if FSEL is connected to DVDD it operates at 1MHZ. The regulator can be configured to run from the internal oscillator or can be synchronized to another ISL70002SEH or an SEE hardened external clock with a frequency range of 500kHz to 1MHz (±20%). To run the regulator from the internal oscillator, connect the M/S pin to DVDD. In this case the output of the internal oscillator FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH appears on the SYNC pin. To synchronize the regulator to the SYNC output of another ISL70002SEH regulator or to an SEE hardened external clock, connect the M/S pin to DGND. In this case the SYNC pin is an input that accepts an external synchronizing signal. When M/S is connected to DGND, the ISL70002SEH is synchronized 180° out-of-phase with respect to the SYNC input of a Master configured regulator SYNC output or to an external clock. Two Phase Operation The ISL70002SEH is capable of operating 2 ICs as a single Two Phase regulator with nearly twice the load current capacity. In this mode, a redundant Current Sharing bus balances the load current between the two devices and communicates any fault conditions. One ISL70002SEH is designated the Master and the other the Slave. The Master ISHSL pin is connected to DGND and the Slave ISHSL pin is connected to DVDD. The ISHEN pins on both Master and Slave are connected to DVDD. The SYNC, ISHA, ISHB, ISHC, ISHREFA, ISHREFB, ISHREFC, ISHCOM and FB pins are connected from the Master to the Slave and the REF pins are tied with a 10Ω resistor. Configured this way, the two phase regulator nearly doubles the load current capacity, limited only by the Current Share Match tolerance. The ISL70002SEH ICs operate 180° out-of-phase to minimize the input ripple current, effectively operating as a single IC at twice the switching frequency. The Master phase uses the falling edge of the SYNC clock to initiate the Master switching cycle with the non-overlap period before the rising edge of LX, while the Slave phase internally inverts the SYNC input and uses the falling edge of the inverted copy to start it’s switching cycle. This is independent of whether the Master phase is configured for an external clock (Master M/S = DGND) or its internal clock (Master M/S = DVDD). The Master Error Amplifier and Compensation controls the two phase regulator while the Slave Error Amplifier is disabled. The schematic in Figure 3 shows the complete connections for the Master and Slave. Operation Initialization The ISL70002SEH initializes based on the state of the power-on reset (POR) monitor of the PVINx inputs and the state of the EN input. Successful initialization prompts a soft-start interval and the regulator begins slowly ramping the output voltage. Once the commanded output voltage is within the proper window of operation, the power-good signal changes state from low to high indicating proper regulator operation. regulator do not cause inadvertent turn-off/turn-on of the regulator. When the PVINx pins are below the POR rising threshold, the internal synchronous power MOSFET switches are turned off and the LXx pins are held in a high-impedance state. Enable and Disable After the POR input requirement is met, the ISL70002SEH remains in shutdown until the voltage at the enable input rises above the enable threshold. As shown in Figure 14, the enable circuit features a comparator type input. In addition to simple logic on/off control, the enable circuit allows the level of an external voltage to precisely gate the turn-on/turn-off of the regulator. An internal IEN current sink with a typical value of 11µA is only active when the voltage on the EN pin is below the enable threshold. The current sink pulls the EN pin low. As VCONTROL rises, the enable level is not set exclusively by the resistor divider from VCONTROL. With the current sink active, the enable level is defined by Equation 4. R1 is the resistor from the EN pin to VCONTROL and R2 is the resistor from the EN pin to the AGND pin. R1 V ENABLE = V REF ⋅ 1 + -------- + I EN ⋅ R1 R2 (EQ. 4) Once the voltage at the EN pin reaches the enable threshold, the IEN current sink turns off. With the part enabled and the IEN current sink off, the disable level is set by the resistor divider. The disable level is defined by Equation 5. (EQ. 5) R1 V DISABLE = V REF ⋅ 1 + -------R2 The difference between the enable and disable levels provides adjustable hysteresis so that noise on VCONTROL does not interfere with the enabling or disabling of the regulator. The EN pin should be bypassed to the AGND pin with a 10nF ceramic capacitor to mitigate SEE. VREF = 0.6V IEN = 11µA CEN = 10nF VIN PVINx VCONTROL ENABLE COMPARATOR Power-On Reset The POR circuitry prevents the controller from attempting to softstart before sufficient bias is present at the PVINx pins. The POR threshold of the PVINx pins is controlled by the PORSEL pin. For a nominal 5V supply voltage, PORSEL should be connected to DVDD. For a nominal 3.3V supply voltage, PORSEL should be connected to DGND. For nominal supply voltages between 5V and 3.3V, PORSEL should be connected to DGND. The POR rising and falling thresholds are shown in the “Electrical Specifications” table on page 9. R1 EN + POR LOGIC - CEN VREF R2 IEN FIGURE 14. ENABLE CIRCUIT Hysteresis between the rising and falling thresholds insures that small perturbations on PVINx seen during turn-on/turn-off of the 15 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Soft-Start Once the POR and enable circuits are satisfied, the regulator initiates a soft-start. Figure 15 shows that the soft-start circuit clamps the error amplifier reference voltage to the voltage on an external soft-start capacitor connected to the SS pin. The soft-start capacitor is charged by an internal ISS current source (23µA typical). As the soft-start capacitor is charged, the output voltage slowly ramps to the set point determined by the reference voltage and the feedback network. Once the voltage on the SS pin is equal to the internal reference voltage (600mV), the soft-start interval is complete though the SS pin voltage continues to rise to approximately 1.4V. PGOOD is ENABLED after SS reached to 1.4V. The controlled ramp of the output voltage reduces the inrush current during start-up. The soft-start output ramp interval is defined in Equation 6 and is adjustable from approximately 2ms to 200ms. The value of the soft-start capacitor, CSS, should range from 82nF to 8.2µF, inclusive. The peak inrush current can be computed from Equation 7. The soft-start interval should be selected long enough to insure that the peak in-rush current plus the peak output load current does not exceed the SS overcurrent trip level of the regulator. V REF t SS = C SS ⋅ --------------I SS (EQ. 6) V OUT I INRUSH = C OUT ⋅ ---------------t SS (EQ. 7) The soft-start capacitor is immediately discharged by a 2.2Ω resistor whenever POR conditions are not met or EN is pulled low. The soft-start discharge time is equal to 256 clock cycles. rises with an external pull-up resistor. The power-good signal transitions low immediately when the EN pin is pulled low. The power-good circuitry monitors the FB pin and compares it to the rising and falling thresholds shown in the “Electrical Specifications” table on page 10. If the feedback voltage exceeds the typical rising limit of 111% of the reference voltage, the PGOOD pin pulls low. The PGOOD pin continues to pull low until the feedback voltage falls to a typical of 107.5% of the reference voltage. If the feedback voltage drops below a typical of 89% of the reference voltage, the PGOOD pin pulls low. The PGOOD pin continues to pull low until the feedback voltage rises to a typical 92.5% of the reference voltage. The PGOOD pin then releases and signals the return of the output voltage within the powergood window. The PGOOD pin can be pulled up to any voltage from 0V to 5.5V, independent of the supply voltage. The pull-up resistor should have a nominal value from 1kΩ to 10kΩ. The PGOOD pin should be bypassed to DGND with a 10nF ceramic capacitor to mitigate SEE. Slope Compensation The SC0 and SC1 pins select four levels of Current Mode Slope Compensation. In Current Mode buck regulators, when the duty cycle approaches and exceeds 50% the regulator will operate in sub-harmonic oscillation without Slope Compensation. Slope Compensation is widely considered unnecessary if the duty cycle is held below 40% and provides better phase margin. Transient duty cycles must be taken into consideration when selecting the level of Slope Compensation. The following table describes the amount of effective current that is added the output powerstage signal that is used in the PWM modulator. TABLE 1. VREF = 0.6V ISS = 23µA RD = 2.2Ω VOUT RT FB RB ERROR AMPLIFIER + + PWM LOGIC SS REF VREF CSS CREF RD ISS FSEL SC1 SC0 SLOPE COMP (A/µs) DGND DGND DGND 0.8 DGND DGND DVDD 1.6 DGND DVDD DGND 3.3 DGND DVDD DVDD 6.6 DVDD DGND DGND 1.7 DVDD DGND DVDD 3.4 DVDD DVDD DGND 6.7 DVDD DVDD DVDD 13.4 Fault Monitoring and Protection FIGURE 15. SOFT-START CIRCUIT Power-Good The power-good (PGOOD) pin is an open-drain logic output which indicates when the output voltage of the regulator is within regulation limits. The power-good pin pulls low during shutdown and remains low when the controller is enabled. After a successful soft-start, the PGOOD pin releases and the voltage 16 The ISL70002SEH actively monitors output voltage and current to detect fault conditions. Fault conditions trigger protective measures to prevent damage to the regulator and external load device. Undervoltage Protection A hysteretic comparator monitors the FB pin of the regulator. The feedback voltage is compared to an undervoltage threshold that is a fixed percentage of the reference voltage. Once the FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH comparator trips on two consecutive switching cycles, indicating a valid undervoltage condition, the undervoltage protection logic shuts down the regulator. If the feedback voltage rises back above the undervoltage threshold plus a specified amount of hysteresis outlined in the “Electrical Specifications” table on page 10 after the first detection and before the second, normal operation continues. After the regulator shuts down, it enters a delay interval, equivalent to the selected soft-start interval. The undervoltage counter is reset entering the delay interval. The protection logic initiates a normal soft-start once the delay interval ends. If the output successfully soft-starts, the power-good signal goes high and normal operation continues. If undervoltage conditions continue to exist during the soft-start interval, the undervoltage counter must overflow before the regulator shuts down again. This hiccup mode continues indefinitely until the output softstarts successfully. Overcurrent Protection A pilot devices integrated into the PMOS transistor of Power Blocks 2 and 6 samples the inductor current each cycle. This current feedback is scaled and compared to an overcurrent threshold based on the overcurrent resistor connected from OCx to AGND. If the sampled current exceeds the overcurrent threshold, an overcurrent counter increments. If the sampled current falls below the threshold before the counter overflows, the counter is reset. Once the overcurrent counter reaches 2, the regulator shuts down. After the regulator shuts down, it enters a delay interval, equivalent to the soft-start interval, allowing the device to cool. The overcurrent counter is reset entering the delay interval. The protection logic initiates a normal soft-start once the delay interval ends. If the output successfully soft-starts, the powergood signal goes high and normal operation continues. If overcurrent conditions continue to exist during the soft-start interval, the overcurrent counter must overflow before the regulator shut downs the output again. This hiccup mode continues indefinitely until the output soft-starts successfully. Component Selection Guide This design guide is intended to provide a high-level explanation of the steps necessary to create a power converter. It is assumed the reader is familiar with many of the basic skills and techniques referenced below. In addition to this guide, Intersil provides a complete evaluation board that includes schematic, BOM, and an example PCB layout. Output Filter Design The output inductor and the output capacitor bank together form a low-pass filter responsible for smoothing the pulsating voltage at the phase node. The filter must also provide the transient energy until the regulator can respond. Since the filter has low bandwidth relative to the switching frequency, it limits the system transient response. The output capacitors must supply or sink current while the current in the output inductor increases or decreases to meet the load demand. OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION The critical load parameters in choosing the output capacitors are the maximum size of the load step (ΔISTEP), the load-current slew 17 rate (di/dt), and the maximum allowable output voltage deviation under transient loading (ΔVMAX). Capacitors are characterized according to their capacitance, ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) and ESL (Equivalent Series Inductance). At the beginning of a load transient, the output capacitors supply all of the transient current. The output voltage will initially deviate by an amount approximated by the voltage drop across the ESL. As the load current increases, the voltage drop across the ESR increases linearly until the load current reaches its final value. Neglecting the contribution of inductor current and regulator response, the output voltage initially deviates by an amount shown in Equation 8. di ΔV MAX ≈ ESL × ----- + [ ESR × ΔI STEP ] dt (EQ. 8) The filter capacitors selected must have sufficiently low ESL and ESR such that the total output voltage deviation is less than the maximum allowable ripple. Most capacitor solutions rely on a mixture of high frequency capacitors with relatively low capacitance in combination with bulk capacitors having high capacitance but larger ESR. Minimizing the ESL of the high-frequency capacitors allows them to support the output voltage as the current increases. Minimizing the ESR of the bulk capacitors allows them to supply the increased current with less output voltage deviation. Ceramic capacitors with X7R dielectric are recommended. Alternately, a combination of low ESR solid tantalum capacitors and ceramic capacitors with X7R dielectric may be used. The ESR of the bulk capacitors is responsible for most of the output voltage ripple. As the bulk capacitors sink and source the inductor AC ripple current, a voltage, VP-P(MAX), develops across the bulk capacitor according to Equation 9. ( V IN – V OUT )V OUT V P-P(MAX) = ESR × ----------------------------------------------------L OUT × f s × V IN (EQ. 9) OUTPUT INDUCTOR SELECTION Once the output capacitors are selected, the maximum allowable ripple voltage, VP-P(MAX), determines the lower limit on the inductance as shown in Equation 10. ( V IN – V OUT )V OUT L OUT ≥ ESR × -----------------------------------------------------f s × V IN × V P-P(MAX) (EQ. 10) Since the output capacitors are supplying a decreasing portion of the load current while the regulator recovers from the transient, the capacitor voltage becomes slightly depleted. The output inductor must be capable of assuming the entire load current before the output voltage decreases more than ΔVMAX. This places an upper limit on inductance. Equation 11 gives the upper limit on output inductance for the case when the trailing edge of the current transient causes the greater output voltage deviation than the leading edge. Equation 12 addresses the leading edge. Normally, the trailing edge dictates the inductance selection because duty cycles are usually <50%. Nevertheless, both inequalities should be evaluated, and inductance should be governed based on the lower of the two results. In each equation, LOUT is the output inductance, COUT is FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH the total output capacitance and ΔIL(P-P) is the peak to peak ripple current in the output inductor. 2 ⋅ C OUT ⋅ V OUT L OUT ≤ -------------------------------------------ΔV MAX – ( ΔI L(P-P) ⋅ ESR ) ( ΔI STEP ) 2 (EQ. 11) 2 ⋅ C OUT - ΔV MAX – ( ΔI L(P-P) ⋅ ESR ) ⎛ V IN – V OUT⎞ L OUT ≤ ---------------------------⎝ ⎠ ( ΔI STEP ) 2 (EQ. 12) The other concern when selecting an output inductor is to insure there is adequate slope compensation when the regulator is operated above 40% duty cycle. In most cases, the maximum slope compensation setting (SC1 = DVDD, SC0 = DVDD provides sufficient phase margin, therefore this is the recommended configuration. Input Capacitor Selection Input capacitors are responsible for sourcing the AC component of the input current flowing into the switching power devices. Their RMS current capacity must be sufficient to handle the AC component of the current drawn by the switching power devices which is related to duty cycle. The maximum RMS current required by the regulator is closely approximated by Equation 13. I RMS = I OUT 2 V 1 ⎛ V IN – V OUT - V OUT⎞ OUT × ----------------1 + --- × ⎜ --------------------------------------------------× -----------------⎟ V IN ⎠ V 3 I × L × f ⎝ IN OUT s OUT (EQ. 13) The important parameters to consider when selecting an input capacitor are the voltage rating and the RMS ripple current rating. For reliable operation, select capacitors with voltage ratings at least 1.5x greater than the maximum input voltage. The capacitor RMS ripple current rating should be higher than the largest RMS ripple current required by the circuit. A combination of low ESR tantalum capacitors and ceramic capacitors with X7R dielectric are recommended. The ISL70002SEH requires a minimum effective input capacitance of 100µF for stable operation. PCB Design PCB design is critical to high-frequency switching regulator performance. Careful component placement and trace routing are necessary to reduce voltage spikes and minimize undesirable voltage drops. Selection of a suitable thermal interface material is also required for optimum heat dissipation and to provide lead strain relief. 18 PCB Plane Allocation Four layers of two ounce copper are recommended. Layer 2 should be a dedicated ground plane with all critical component ground connections made with vias to this layer. Layer 3 should be a dedicated power plane split between the input and output power rails. Layers 1 and 4 should be used primarily for signals, but can also provide additional power and ground islands as required. PCB Component Placement Components should be placed as close as possible to the IC to minimize stray inductance and resistance. Prioritize the placement of bypass capacitors on the pins of the IC in the order shown: REF, SS, AVDD, DVDD, PVINx (high frequency capacitors), EN, PGOOD, PVINx (bulk capacitors). Locate the output voltage resistive divider as close as possible to the FB pin of the IC. The top leg of the divider should connect directly to the POL (Point Of Load) and the bottom leg of the divider should connect directly to AGND. The junction of the resistive divider should connect directly to the FB pin. A small series R-C snubber connected from the LXx pins to the PGNDx pins may be used to damp high frequency ringing on the LXx pins if desired. PCB Layout Use a small island of copper to connect the LXx pins of the IC to the output inductor on layers 1 and 4. Void the copper on layers 2 and 3 adjacent to the island to minimize capacitive coupling to the power and ground planes. Place most of the island of layer 4 to minimize the amount of copper that must be voided from the ground plane (layer 2). Keep all other signal traces as short as possible. For an example layout refer to AN1732. Thermal Management For optimum thermal performance, place a pattern of vias on the top layer of the PCB directly underneath the IC. Connect the vias to the ground plane on layer 2, which serves as a heatsink. To insure good thermal contact, thermal interface material such as a Sil-Pad or thermally conductive epoxy should be used to fill the gap between the vias and the bottom of the IC. Lead Strain Relief The package leads protrude from the bottom of the package and the leads are slightly bent to provide strain relief. FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Weight Characteristics SUBSTRATE Type: Silicon Isolation: Junction Weight of Packaged Device 1.43 Grams typical BACKSIDE FINISH Die Characteristics Silicon Die Dimensions ASSEMBLY RELATED INFORMATION 8300µm x 8300µm (327 mils x 327 mils) Thickness: 300µm ± 25.4µm (12 mils ± 1 mil) Substrate and Metal Lid Potential PGND Interface Materials ADDITIONAL INFORMATION GLASSIVATION Worst Case Current Density < 2 x 105 A/cm2 Type: Silicon Oxide and Silicon Nitride Thickness: 0.3µm ± 0.03µm and 1.2µm ± 0.12µm Transistor Count TOP METALLIZATION 28,160 Type: AlCu (0.5%) Thickness: 2.7µm ±0.4µm Layout Characteristics Step and Repeat 8300µm x 8300µm Metallization Mask Layout PGND2 LX2 PVIN2 PVIN1 LX1 PGND1 SC0 SC1 EN OCSSB OCSSA OCB OCA REF ISL70002SEH PVIN3 LX3 PGND3 FB ISHA ISHREFA ISHB PGND4 LX4 PVIN4 ISHREFB ISHC PVIN5 LX5 PGND5 ISHREFC AVDD AGND PGND6 LX6 PVIN6 DGND PVIN7 LX7 PGND7 DVDD SS PGOOD ISHCOM ISHSL PGND8 LX8 PVIN8 ISHEN 19 PGND9 LX9 PVIN9 PVIN10 LX10 PGND10 FSEL M/S GND SYNC TPGM TDI TDO PORSEL FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH TABLE 2. LAYOUT X-Y COORDINATES PAD NUMBER X (µm) Y (µm) dX (µm) dY (µm) BOND WIRES SIZE (0.001”) FB 1 275 7497 135 135 1.5 ISHA 2 275 7117 135 135 1.5 ISHREFA 3 275 6737 135 135 1.5 ISHB 4 275 6357 135 135 1.5 ISHREFB 5 275 5977 135 135 1.5 ISHC 6 275 5597 135 135 1.5 ISHREFC 7 275 5217 135 135 1.5 AVDD 8 335 4672 254 254 3 AGND 9 335 3972 254 254 3 DGND 10 335 3272 254 254 3 DVDD 11 335 2572 254 254 3 SS 12 275 2021 135 134 1.5 PGOOD 13 275 1671 135 135 1.5 1SHCOM 14 275 1321 135 135 1.5 ISHSL 15 275 971 135 135 1.5 ISHEN 16 275 621 135 135 1.5 PORSEL 17 275 275 135 135 1.5 TDO 18 635 275 135 135 1.5 TDI 19 995 275 135 135 1.5 TPGM 20 1355 275 135 135 1.5 GND 21 1715 275 135 135 1.5 SYNC 22 2075 275 135 135 1.5 M/S 23 2435 275 135 135 1.5 FSEL 24 2795 275 135 135 1.5 PVIN10 25 3463 336 254 254 3 LX10 26 3693 1222 254 254 3 PGND10 27 3905 2074 254 254 3 PGND9 28 5281 2074 254 254 3 LX9 29 5494 1222 254 254 3 PVIN9 30 5723 336 254 254 3 PVIN8 31 6115 778 254 254 3 LX8 32 6967 566 254 254 3 PGND8 33 7853 336 254 254 3 PGND7 34 6115 2154 254 254 3 LX7 35 6967 2366 254 254 3 PVIN7 36 7853 2596 254 254 3 PVIN6 37 7853 2965 254 254 3 LX6 38 6967 3195 254 254 3 PGND6 39 6115 3408 254 254 3 PAD NAME 20 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH TABLE 2. LAYOUT X-Y COORDINATES (Continued) PAD NUMBER X (µm) Y (µm) dX (µm) dY (µm) BOND WIRES SIZE (0.001”) PGND5 40 6115 4784 254 254 3 LX5 41 6967 4996 254 254 3 PVIN5 42 7853 5226 254 254 3 PVIN4 43 7853 5595 254 254 3 LX4 44 6967 5825 254 254 3 PGND4 45 6115 6037 254 254 3 PGND3 46 7853 7855 254 254 3 LX3 47 6967 7625 254 254 3 PVIN3 48 6115 7413 254 254 3 PVIN2 49 5723 7855 254 254 3 LX2 50 5494 6969 254 254 3 PGND2 51 5281 6117 254 254 3 PGND1 52 3905 6117 254 254 3 LX1 53 3693 6969 254 254 3 PVIN1 54 3463 7855 254 254 3 SC0 55 2836 7914 135 135 1.5 SC1 56 2476 7914 135 135 1.5 EN 57 2116 7914 135 135 1.5 OCSSB 58 1756 7914 135 135 1.5 OCB 59 1396 7914 135 135 1.5 OCSSA 60 1036 7914 135 135 1.5 OCA 61 676 7914 135 135 1.5 REF 62 316 7914 135 135 1.5 PAD NAME 21 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Revision History The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make sure you have the latest revision. DATE REVISION CHANGE March 30, 2012 FN8264.1 Figure 2 on page 1changed “Slave” to “Master” to CH1 and added “at 86.4MeV/mg/cm2" to Figure Title. “Soft-Start” on page 16 changed in 2nd to last sentence “...range from 8.2nF...” to “...range from 82nF...” “LAYOUT X-Y COORDINATES” on page 20 changed in Bond Wires column for “ISHB” from “1.51” to “1.5” March 27, 2012 FN8264.0 Initial Release Products Intersil Corporation is a leader in the design and manufacture of high-performance analog semiconductors. The Company's products address some of the industry's fastest growing markets, such as, flat panel displays, cell phones, handheld products, and notebooks. Intersil's product families address power management and analog signal processing functions. Go to www.intersil.com/products for a complete list of Intersil product families. For a complete listing of Applications, Related Documentation and Related Parts, please see the respective device information page on intersil.com: ISL70002SEH To report errors or suggestions for this datasheet, please go to: www.intersil.com/askourstaff FITs are available from our website at: http://rel.intersil.com/reports/search.php For additional products, see www.intersil.com/product_tree Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems as noted in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/design/quality Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com 22 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012 ISL70002SEH Package Outline Drawing R64.A 64 CERAMIC QUAD FLATPACK PACKAGE (CQFP) Rev 3, 1/12 1.275 (32.39) 1.055 (26.80) 0.567 (14.40) 0.547 (13.90) 0.350 (8.89) 0.250 (6.35) 0.027 (0.685) 0.023 (0.585) PIN 1 0.567 (14.40) 0.547 (13.90) PIN 1 INDEX AREA 1.275 (32.39) 1.055 (26.80) 0.010 (0.25) 0.006 (0.15) 0.0034 (0.087) MIN 0.011 (0.279) MIN TOP VIEW SEE DETAIL “A” 0.380 (9.655) 0.370 (9.395) 0.135 (3.43) 0.065 (1.65) 0.100 (2.537) 0.085 (2.157) 0.0075 (0.188) 0.005 (0.125) SIDE VIEW (0.156) (3.97) REF 2X 0.106 (2.69) REF 1 INDEX PASTE 0.081 (2.05) REF CHAMFER 0.012 (0.30) REF 64 DETAIL “A” 0.008 (0.20) REF (0.030) (0.76) REF 2X0.48 (0.019) REF 0.020 (0.51) 0.016 (0.41) 0.055 (1.40) 0.045 (1.14) SEE DETAIL "B" DETAIL “B” BOTTOM VIEW NOTES: 1. All dimensions are in inches (millimeters). 23 FN8264.1 April 5, 2012