Data Sheet

Freescale Semiconductor
Technical Data
Document Number: MC33931
Rev. 4.0, 10/2012
5.0 A Throttle Control H-bridge
The 33931 is a monolithic H-Bridge Power IC in a robust thermally
enhanced package. It is designed primarily for automotive electronic
throttle control, but is applicable to any low voltage DC servo motor
control application within the current and voltage limits stated in this
specification.
The 33931 H-Bridge is able to control inductive loads with currents
up to 5.0 A peak. RMS current capability is subject to the degree of
heatsinking provided to the device package. Internal peak-current
limiting (regulation) is activated at load currents above 6.5 A ±1.5 A.
Output loads can be pulse-width modulated (PWM-ed) at frequencies
up to 11 kHz. A load current feedback feature provides a proportional
(0.24% of the load current) current output suitable for monitoring by a
microcontroller’s A/D input. A Status flag output reports under-voltage,
over-current, and over-temperature fault conditions.
Two independent inputs provide polarity control of two half-bridge
totem-pole outputs. The disable inputs are provided to force the Hbridge outputs to tri-state (high-impedance off-state).
33931
THROTTLE CONTROL H-BRIDGE
VW SUFFIX (PB-FREE)
98ARH98330A
44-PIN HSOP
WITH PROTRUDING
HEAT SINK
EK SUFFIX (PB-FREE)
98ARL10543D
32-PIN SOICW-EP
ORDERING INFORMATION
Features
Device
• 5.0 to 28 V continuous operation (transient operation from 5.0 to
(Add R2 Suffix for
40 V)
Tape and Reel)
• 235 mΩ maximum RDS(ON) @ TJ=150 °C (each H-bridge
MC33931VW
MOSFET)
MC33931EK
• 3.0 V and 5.0 V TTL / CMOS logic compatible inputs
• Over-current limiting (regulation) via internal constant-off-time
PWM
• Output short-circuit protection (short to VPWR or GND)
• Temperature-dependant current-limit threshold reduction
• All inputs have an internal source/sink to define the default (floating input) states
• Sleep mode with current draw < 50 µA
VPWR
VDD
33931
SF
VPWR
FB
CCP
OUT1
MCU
Temperature
Range (TA)
IN1
MOTOR
IN2
OUT2
D1
EN/D2
PGND
AGND
Figure 1. MC33931 Simplified Application Diagram
© Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2008-2012. All rights reserved.
-40 to 125°C
Package
44 HSOP
32 SOICW-EP
INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
VPWR
LOGIC SUPPLY
CCP
VDD
VCP CHARGE
PUMP
HS1
HS2
OUT1
TO GATES
OUT2
HS1
IN1
LS1
IN2
HS2
EN/D2
D1
SF
FB
GATE DRIVE
AND
PROTECTION
LOGIC
LS1
LS2
PGND
LS2
VSENSE
ILIM PWM
CURRENT MIRROR
AND
CONSTANT OFF-TIME
PWM CURRENT REGULATOR
AGND
PGND
Figure 2. 33931 Simplified Internal Block Diagram
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Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
PIN CONNECTIONS
PIN CONNECTIONS
AGND
D1
FB
EN/D2
VPWR
VPWR
VPWR
OUT1
OUT1
OUT1
PGND
PGND
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
Tab
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
SF
IN1
IN2
CCP
VPWR
VPWR
OUT2
OUT2
OUT2
PGND
PGND
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
AGND
1
32
D1
2
31
IN1
FB
3
30
N/C
N/C
4
29
IN2
EN/D2
5
28
CCP
N/C
6
27
N/C
VPWR
7
26
VPWR
VPWR
8
25
VPWR
N/C
9
24
N/C
OUT2
SF
OUT1
10
23
OUT1
11
22
OUT2
N/C
12
21
N/C
N/C
13
20
N/C
N/C
14
19
N/C
PGND
15
18
PGND
PGND
16
17
PGND
Tab
44 HSOP
Transparent Top View
32 SOICW-EP
Transparent Top View
Figure 3. 33931 Pin Connections
Table 1. 33931 Pin Definitions
A functional description of each pin can be found in the Functional Description section beginning on page 11.
Pin
HSOP
(VW)
Pin
SOICW-EP
(EK)
Pin
Name
Pin
Function
1
2
D1
Logic Input
Disable Input 1
(Active High)
When D1 is logic HIGH, both OUT1 and OUT2 are tri-stated.
Schmitt trigger input with ~80 μA source so default condition =
disabled.
2
3
FB
Analog
Output
Feedback
The load current feedback output provides ground referenced
0.24% of the high side output current. (Tie to GND through a
resistor if not used.)
3
5
EN/D2
Logic Input
Enable Input
4-6, 40, 39
7, 8, 25, 26
VPWR
Power Input
Positive Power
Supply
7-9
10, 11
OUT1
Power
Output
H-bridge Output 1
10, 11, 34,
35
15-18
PGND
Power
Ground
Power Ground
36-38
22, 23
OUT2
Power
Output
H-bridge Output 2
Formal Name
Definition
When EN/D2 is logic HIGH the H-bridge is operational. When EN/
D2 is logic LOW, the H-bridge outputs are tri-stated and placed in
Sleep mode. (logic input with ~ 80 μA sink so default condition =
Sleep mode.)
These pins must be connected together physically as close as
possible and directly soldered down to a wide, thick, low
resistance supply plane on the PCB.
Source of HS1 and drain of LS1.
High-current power ground pins must be connected together
physically as close as possible and directly soldered down to a
wide, thick, low resistance ground plane on the PCB.
Source of HS2 and drain of LS2.
33931
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
3
PIN CONNECTIONS
Table 1. 33931 Pin Definitions (continued)
A functional description of each pin can be found in the Functional Description section beginning on page 11.
Pin
HSOP
(VW)
Pin
SOICW-EP
(EK)
Pin
Name
Pin
Function
Formal Name
41
28
CCP
Analog
Output
Charge Pump
Capacitor
42
29
IN2
Logic Input
Input 2
Logic input control of OUT2;e.g., when IN2 is logic HIGH, OUT2
is set to VPWR, and when IN2 is logic LOW, OUT2 is set to
PGND. (Schmitt trigger Input with ~ 80 μA source so default
condition = OUT2 HIGH.)
43
31
IN1
Logic Input
Input 1
Logic input control of OUT1; e.g., when IN1 is logic HIGH, OUT1
is set to VPWR, and when IN1 is logic LOW, OUT1 is set to
PGND. (Schmitt trigger Input with ~ 80 μA source so default
condition = OUT1 HIGH.)
44
32
SF
Logic
Output -
Status Flag
(Active Low)
Open drain active LOW Status Flag output (requires an external
pull-up resistor to VDD. Maximum permissible load current
< 0.5 mA. Maximum VSFLOW < 0.4 V @ 0.3 mA. Maximum
permissible pull-up voltage < 7.0 V.)
Open Drain
TAB
1
AGND
Analog
Ground
Analog Signal
Ground
12-33
4, 6, 9, 12-14,
19-21, 24, 27,
30
N/C
None
No Connect
EP
EP
Thermal
Pad
Exposed Pad
Definition
External reservoir capacitor connection for the internal charge
pump; connected to VPWR. Allowable values are 30 nF to
100 nF. Note: This capacitor is required for the proper
performance of the device.
The low-current analog signal ground must be connected to
PGND via low-impedance path (<10 mΩ, 0 Hz to 20 kHz).
Pin is not used
Exposed TAB is also the main heatsinking path for the device and
must be connected to GND.
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Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 2. Maximum Ratings
All voltages are with respect to ground, unless otherwise noted. Exceeding these ratings may cause a malfunction or
permanent damage to the device. These parameters are not production tested.
Ratings
Symbol
Value
VPWR(SS)
- 0.3 to 28
Unit
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
Power Supply Voltage
V
Normal Operation (Steady-state)
Transient Over-voltage(1)
VPWR(T)
- 0.3 to 40
Logic Input Voltage(2)
VIN
- 0.3 to 7.0
V
SF Output(3)
V SF
- 0.3 to 7.0
V
IOUT(CONT)
5.0
A
Human Body Model
VESD1
Machine Model
VESD2
± 2000
± 200
Continuous Output Current(4)
ESD Voltage(5)
V
Charge Device Model
Corner Pins
±750
All Other Pins
±500
THERMAL RATINGS
Storage Temperature
Operating Temperature
TSTG
- 65 to 150
TA
- 40 to 125
(6)
°C
Ambient
Junction
Peak Package Reflow Temperature During Reflow
°C
TJ
- 40 to 150
(7),(8)
TPPRT
Note 8
°C
(9)
RθJC
< 1.0
°C/W
Approximate Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance
Notes
1. Device will survive repetitive transient over-voltage conditions for durations not to exceed 500 ms @ duty cycle not to exceed 10%.
External protection is required to prevent device damage in case of a reverse battery condition.
2. Exceeding the maximum input voltage on IN1, IN2, EN/D2 or D1 may cause a malfunction or permanent damage to the device.
3. Exceeding the pull-up resistor voltage on the open drain SF pin may cause permanent damage to the device.
4. Continuous output current capability is dependent on sufficient package heatsinking to keep junction temperature ≤ 150°C.
5. ESD testing is performed in accordance with the Human Body Model (CZAP = 100 pF, RZAP = 1500 Ω), Machine Model (CZAP = 200 pF,
RZAP = 0 Ω), and the Charge Device Model (CDM), Robotic (CZAP = 4.0 pF).
6.
7.
8.
9.
The limiting factor is junction temperature, taking into account the power dissipation, thermal resistance, and heat sinking provided. Brief
non-repetitive excursions of junction temperature above 150°C can be tolerated, provided the duration does not exceed 30 seconds
maximum. (Non-repetitive events are defined as not occurring more than once in 24 hours.)
Pin soldering temperature limit is for 10 seconds maximum duration. Not designed for immersion soldering. Exceeding these limits may
cause malfunction or permanent damage to the device.
Freescale’s Package Reflow capability meets Pb-free requirements for JEDEC standard J-STD-020C. For Peak Package Reflow
Temperature and Moisture Sensitivity Levels (MSL), Go to www.freescale.com, search by part number [e.g. remove prefixes/suffixes
and enter the core ID to view all orderable parts. (i.e. MC33xxxD enter 33xxx), and review parametrics.
Exposed heatsink pad plus the power and ground pins comprise the main heat conduction paths. The actual RθJB (junction-to-PC board)
values will vary depending on solder thickness and composition and copper trace thickness and area. Maximum current at maximum
die temperature represents ~16 W of conduction loss heating in the diagonal pair of output MOSFETs. Therefore, the RθJA must be
< 5.0 °C/W for maximum current at 70 °C ambient. Module thermal design must be planned accordingly.
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Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
5
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table 3. Static Electrical Characteristics
Characteristics noted under conditions 5.0 V ≤ VPWR ≤ 28 V, - 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C, GND = 0 V, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values noted reflect the approximate parameter means at TA = 25°C under nominal conditions, unless otherwise noted.
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
VPWR(SS)
5.0
–
28
VPWR(t)
–
–
40
–
–
50
Unit
POWER INPUTS (VPWR)
Operating Voltage Range(10)
Steady-state
Transient (t < 500 ms)(11)
Sleep State Supply Current
(12)
V
Standby Supply Current (Part Enabled)
μA
IPWR(SLEEP)
EN/D2 = Logic [0], IN1, IN2, D1 = Logic [1], and IOUT = 0A
IPWR(STANDBY)
IOUT = 0 A, VEN = 5.0 V
mA
–
–
20
Under-voltage Lockout Thresholds
VPWR(FALLING)
VUVLO(ACTIVE)
4.15
–
–
VUVLO(INACTIVE)
–
–
5.0
V
VUVLO(HYS)
150
200
350
mV
VPWR = 5.0 V
3.5
–
–
VPWR = 28 V
–
–
12
VPWR = 5.0 V
3.5
–
–
VPWR = 28 V
–
–
12
VI
–
–
5.5
V
Logic Threshold HIGH
VIH
2.0
–
–
V
Logic Threshold LOW
VIL
–
–
1.0
V
VHYS
250
400
–
mV
20
80
200
-200
-80
-20
VPWR(RISING)
Hysteresis
V
CHARGE PUMP
Charge Pump Voltage (CP Capacitor = 33 nF), No PWM
Charge Pump Voltage (CP Capacitor = 33 nF), PWM = 11 kHz,
VCP - VPWR
V
VCP - VPWR
V
CONTROL INPUTS
Operating Input Voltage (IN1, IN2, D1, EN/D2)
Input Voltage (IN1, IN2, D1, EN/D2)
Hysteresis
Logic Input Currents, VPWR = 5.0 V
Input EN/D2 (internal pull-downs), VIH = 5.0 V
Inputs IN1, IN2, D1 (internal pull-ups), VIL = 0 V
μA
IIN
Notes
10. Device specifications are characterized over the range of 8.0 V ≤ VPWR ≤ 28 V. Continuous operation above 28 V may degrade device
reliability. Device is operational down to 5.0 V, but below 8.0 V the output resistance may increase by 50 percent.
11. Device will survive the transient over-voltage indicated for a maximum duration of 500 ms. Transient not to be repeated more than once
every 10 seconds.
12. IPWR(SLEEP) is with Sleep Mode activated and EN/ D2, = logic [0], and IN1, IN2, D1 = logic [1] or with these inputs left floating.
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Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DYNAMIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table 3. Static Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Characteristics noted under conditions 5.0 V ≤ VPWR ≤ 28 V, - 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C, GND = 0 V, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values noted reflect the approximate parameter means at TA = 25°C under nominal conditions, unless otherwise noted.
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
120
–
VPWR = 8.0 V, TJ = 150 °C
–
–
235
VPWR = 5.0 V, TJ = 150 °C
–
–
325
5.2
6.5
8.0
–
4.2
–
ISCH
11
13
16
A
ISCL
9.0
11
14
A
POWER OUTPUTS OUT1, OUT2
Output-ON Resistance(14), ILOAD = 3.0 A
RDS(ON)
VPWR = 8.0 V, TJ = 25 °C
Output Current Regulation Threshold
ILIM
TJ < TFB
TJ ≥ TFB (Foldback Region - see Figure 9 and Figure 11)(13)
High Side Short Circuit Detection Threshold (Short Circuit to Ground)(13)
Low Side Short Circuit Detection Threshold (Short Circuit to VPWR)
Output Leakage Current
mΩ
(15)
, Outputs off, VPWR = 28 V
(13)
A
μA
IOUTLEAK
VOUT = VPWR
–
–
100
-60
–
–
VF
–
–
2.0
Thermal Limit @ TJ
TLIM
175
–
200
Hysteresis @ TJ
THYS
–
12
–
TFB
165
–
185
°C
TSEP
10
–
15
°C
μA
VOUT = Ground
Output MOSFET Body Diode Forward Voltage Drop, IOUT = 3.0 A
Over-temperature Shutdown
(13)
°C
Current Foldback at TJ(13)
Current Foldback to Thermal Shutdown
V
Separation(13)
HIGH SIDE CURRENT SENSE FEEDBACK
Feedback Current (pin FB sourcing current)(16)
I FB
I OUT = 0 mA
0.0
–
50
I OUT = 300 mA
0.0
270
750
μA
I OUT = 500 mA
0.35
0.775
1.56
mA
I OUT = 1.5 A
2.86
3.57
4.28
mA
I OUT = 3.0 A
5.71
7.14
8.57
mA
I OUT = 6.0 A
11.43
14.29
17.15
mA
–
–
5.0
STATUS
FLAG(17)
Status Flag Leakage Current(18)
Status Flag SET Voltage(19)
VSFLOW
I SF = 300 µA
Notes
13.
14.
15.
16.
μA
ISFLEAK
V SF = 5.0 V
V
–
–
0.4
This parameter is Guaranteed By Design.
Output-ON resistance as measured from output to VPWR and from output to GND.
Outputs switched OFF via D1 or EN/D2.
Accuracy is better than 20% from 0.5 A to 6.0 A. Recommended terminating resistor value: RFB = 270 Ω.
17.
Status Flag output is an open drain output requiring a pull-up resistor to logic VDD.
18.
19.
Status Flag Leakage Current is measured with Status Flag HIGH and not SET.
Status Flag Set Voltage measured with Status Flag LOW and SET with I SF = 300 μA. Maximum allowable sink current from this pin is
< 500 μA . Maximum allowable pull-up voltage < 7.0 V.
DYNAMIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
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Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
7
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DYNAMIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table 4. Dynamic Electrical Characteristics
Characteristics noted under conditions 5.0 V ≤ VPWR ≤ 28 V, - 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C, GND = 0 V, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values noted reflect the approximate parameter means at TA = 25°C under nominal conditions, unless otherwise noted.
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
f PWM
–
–
11
kHz
f MAX
–
–
20
kHz
–
–
18
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
PWM Frequency(20)
Maximum Switching Frequency During Current Limit Regulation
Output ON Delay
(21)
(22)
Output OFF Delay(22)
ILIM Blanking Time(24) (25)
Disable Delay Time(26)
μs
t DOFF
VPWR = 14 V
ILIM Output Constant-OFF Time(23) (25)
μs
t DON
VPWR = 14 V
–
–
12
tA
15
20.5
32
μs
tB
12
16.5
27
μs
t DDISABLE
–
–
8.0
μs
Output Rise and Fall Time(27)
t F, t R
1.5
3.0
8.0
μs
Short-circuit / Over-temperature Turn-OFF (Latch-OFF) Time(28),(29)
t FAULT
–
–
8.0
μs
Power-ON Delay Time(29)
t POD
–
1.0
5.0
ms
Output MOSFET Body Diode Reverse Recovery Time(29)
t RR
75
100
150
ns
Charge Pump Operating Frequency(29)
fCP
–
7.0
–
MHz
Notes
20. The maximum PWM frequency should be limited to frequencies < 11 kHz in order to allow the internal high side driver circuitry time to
fully enhance the high side MOSFETs.
21. The internal current limit circuitry produces a constant-OFF-time Pulse Width Modulation of the output current. The output load’s
inductance, capacitance, and resistance characteristics affect the total switching period (OFF-time + ON-time), and thus the PWM
frequency during current limit.
22. * Output Delay is the time duration from 1.5 V on the IN1 or IN2 input signal to the 20% or 80% point (dependent on the transition direction)
of the OUT1 or OUT2 signal. If the output is transitioning HIGH-to-LOW, the delay is from 1.5 V on the input signal to the 80% point of
the output response signal. If the output is transitioning LOW-to-HIGH, the delay is from 1.5 V on the input signal to the 20% point of the
output response signal. See Figure 4, page 9.
23. The time during which the internal constant-OFF time PWM current regulation circuit has tri-stated the output bridge.
24. The time during which the current regulation threshold is ignored so that the short-circuit detection threshold comparators may have time
to act.
25. Parameter is Guaranteed By Characterization.
26. * Disable Delay Time measurement is defined in Figure 5, page 9.
27. Rise Time is from the 10% to the 90% level and Fall Time is from the 90% to the 10% level of the output signal with VPWR = 14 V,
RLOAD = 3.0 ohm. See Figure 6, page 9.
28.
29.
Load currents ramping up to the current regulation threshold become limited at the ILIM value (see Figure 7). The short-circuit currents
possess a di/dt that ramps up to the ISCH or ISCL threshold during the ILIM blanking time, registering as a short-circuit event detection and
causing the shutdown circuitry to force the output into an immediate tri-state latch-OFF (see Figure 8). Operation in Current Limit mode
may cause junction temperatures to rise. Junction temperatures above ~160 °C will cause the output current limit threshold to “fold back”,
or decrease, until ~175 °C is reached, after which the TLIM thermal latch-OFF will occur. Permissible operation within this fold back region
is limited to non-repetitive transient events of duration not to exceed 30 seconds (see Figure 9).
Parameter is Guaranteed By Design.
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Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TIMING DIAGRAMS
VIN1, IN2 (V)
5.0
VOUT1, 2 (V)
TIMING DIAGRAMS
VPWR
1.5 V
1.5 V
0
t DON
t DOFF
80%
20%
0
TIME
5.0 V
1.5 V
0V
IO = 100 mA
VOUT1, 2
VD1, EN/D2 (V)
Figure 4. Output Delay Time
tDDISABLE
90%
0ς
TIME
Figure 5. Disable Delay Time
VOUT1, 2 (V)
.
tF
VPWR
tR
90%
90%
10%
0
10%
TIME
Figure 6. Output Switching Time
Overload Condition
IOUT, CURRENT (A)
9.0
ISC Short-circuit Detection Threshold
tB
6.5
tB = ILIM Blanking Time
tA = Constant-OFF Time (OUT1 and OUT2 Tri-Stated)
tA
ILIM
0.0
5.0
t ON
TIME
Figure 7. Current Limit Blanking Time and Constant-OFF Time
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Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
9
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TIMING DIAGRAMS
Short-circuit Condition
t FAULT
IOUT, CURRENT (A)
9.0
ISC Short-circuit Detection Threshold
Hard Short Occurs
tB
6.5
OUT1, OUT2 Tri-stated,
SF set Low
ILIM
0.0
5.0
t B (~16 μs)
TIME
Figure 8. Short-circuit Detection Turn-OFF Time tFAULT
.
Current Limit Threshold Foldback.
Operation within this region must be
limited to non-repetitive events not to
exceed 30 s per 24 hr.
ILIM, CURRENT (A)
6.5
4.2
tSEP
tLIM
Thermal Shutdown
tHYS
tFB
tLIM
Figure 9. Output Current Limiting Foldback Region
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Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
Numerous protection and operational features (speed,
torque, direction, dynamic breaking, PWM control, and
closed-loop control) make the 33931 a very attractive, costeffective solution for controlling a broad range of small DC
motors. The 33931 outputs are capable of supporting peak
DC load currents of up to 5.0 A from a 28 V VPWR source. An
internal charge pump and gate drive circuitry are provided
that can support external PWM frequencies up to 11 kHz.
The 33931 has an analog feedback (current mirror) output
pin (the FB pin) that provides a constant-current source
ratioed to the active high side MOSFETs’ current. This can be
used to provide “real time” monitoring of output current to
facilitate closed-loop operation for motor speed/torque
control, or for the detection of open load conditions.
Two independent inputs, IN1 and IN2, provide control of
the two totem-pole half-bridge outputs. Two independent
disable inputs, D1 and EN/D2, provide the means to force the
H-bridge outputs to a high-impedance state (all H-Bridge
switches OFF). The EN/D2 pin also controls an enable
function that allows the IC to be placed in a power-conserving
Sleep mode.
The 33931 has output current limiting (via constant OFFtime PWM current regulation), output short-circuit detection
with latch-OFF, and over-temperature detection with latchOFF. Once the device is latched-OFF due to a fault condition,
either of the Disable inputs (D1 or EN/D2), or VPWR must be
“toggled” to clear the status flag.
Current limiting (Load Current Regulation) is
accomplished by a constant-OFF time PWM method using
current limit threshold triggering. The current limiting scheme
is unique in that it incorporates a junction temperaturedependent current limit threshold. This means that the
current limit threshold is “reduced to around 4.2 A” as the
junction temperature increases above 160 °C. When the
temperature is above 175 °C, over-temperature shutdown
(latch-OFF) will occur. This combination of features allows
the device to continue operating for short periods of time (< 30
seconds) with unexpected loads, while still retaining
adequate protection for both the device and the load.
FUNCTIONAL PIN DESCRIPTION
POWER GROUND AND ANALOG GROUND
(PGND AND AGND)
supply IPWR(STANDBY) current is reduced to a few mA. Refer
to Table 3, Static Electrical Characteristics, page 6.
The power and analog ground pins should be connected
together with a very low-impedance connection.
H-BRIDGE OUTPUT (OUT1, OUT2)
POSITIVE POWER SUPPLY (VPWR)
VPWR pins are the power supply inputs to the device. All
VPWR pins must be connected together on the printed circuit
board with as short as possible traces, offering as low an
impedance as possible between pins.
STATUS FLAG (SF)
This pin is the device fault status output. This output is an
active LOW open drain structure requiring a pull-up resistor
to VDD. The maximum VDD is < 7.0 V. Refer to Table 5, for the
SF Output status definition.
INPUT 1,2 AND DISABLE INPUT 1
(IN1, IN2, AND D1)
These pins are input control pins used to control the
outputs. These pins are 3.0 V/ 5.0 V CMOS-compatible
inputs with hysteresis. IN1 and IN2 independently control
OUT1 and OUT2, respectively. D1 input is used to tri-state
disable the H-bridge outputs.
When D1 is SET (D1 = logic HIGH) in the disable state,
outputs OUT1 and OUT2 are both tri-state disabled; however,
the rest of the device circuitry is fully operational and the
These pins are the outputs of the H-Bridge with integrated
free-wheeling diodes. The bridge output is controlled using
the IN1, IN2, D1, and EN/D2 inputs. The outputs have PWM
current limiting above the ILIM threshold. The outputs also
have thermal shutdown (tri-state latch-OFF) with hysteresis
as well as short-circuit latch-OFF protection.
A disable timer (time t B) is incorporated to distinguish
between load currents that are higher than the ILIM threshold
and short-circuit currents. This timer is activated at each
output transition.
CHARGE PUMP CAPACITOR (CCP)
This pin is the charge pump output pin and connection for
the external charge pump reservoir capacitor. The allowable
value is from 30 nF to 100 nF. This capacitor must be
connected from the CCP pin to the VPWR pin. The device
cannot operate properly without the external reservoir
capacitor.
ENABLE INPUT/DISABLE INPUT 2 (EN/D2)
The EN/D2 pin performs the same function as D1 pin,
when it goes to a logic LOW the outputs are immediately tristated. It is also used to place the device in a Sleep mode so
as to consume very low currents. When the EN/D2 pin
voltage is a logic LOW state, the device is in the Sleep mode.
33931
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
11
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL INTERNAL BLOCK DESCRIPTION
The device is enabled and fully operational when the EN pin
voltage is logic HIGH. An internal pull-down resistor
maintains the device in Sleep mode in the event EN is driven
through a high-impedance I/O or an unpowered
microcontroller, or the EN/D2 input becomes disconnected.
FEEDBACK (FB)
The 33931 has a feedback output (FB) for “real time”
monitoring of H-Bridge high side output currents to facilitate
closed-loop operation for motor speed and torque control.
The FB pin provides current sensing feedback of the
H-Bridge high side drivers. When running in the forward or
reverse direction, a ground-referenced 0.24% of load current
is output to this pin. Through the use of an external resistor to
ground, the proportional feedback current can be converted
to a proportional voltage equivalent and the controlling
microcontroller can “read” the current proportional voltage
with its analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This is intended to
provide the user with only first-order motor current feedback
for motor torque control. The resistance range for the linear
operation of the FB pin is 100 Ω < RFB < 300 Ω.
If PWM-ing is implemented using the disable pin input
(only D1), a small filter capacitor (~1.0 µF) may be required
in parallel with the RFB resistor to ground for spike
suppression.
FUNCTIONAL INTERNAL BLOCK DESCRIPTION
33931
CURRENT SENSE
VOLTAGE
REGULATION
TEMPERATURE
CHARGE
SENSE
PUMP
ANALOG CONTROL AND PROTECTION
INPUT LOGIC CONTROL
MCU
INTERFACE
H-BRIDGE
OUTPUT DRIVERS
OUT1 - OUT2
FAULT LOGIC
PROTECTION LOGIC CONTROL
GATE CONTROL LOGIC
Figure 10. Functional Internal Block Diagram
ANALOG CONTROL AND PROTECTION
CIRCUITRY:
An on-chip voltage regulator supplies the internal logic.
The charge pump provides gate drive for the H-Bridge
MOSFETs. The current and temperature sense circuitry
provides detection and protection for the output drivers.
Output under-voltage protection shuts down the MOSFETS.
GATE CONTROL LOGIC:
The 33931 is a monolithic H-Bridge Power IC designed
primarily for any low-voltage DC servo motor control
application within the current and voltage limits stated for the
device. Two independent inputs provide polarity control of
two half-bridge totem-pole outputs. Two independent disable
inputs are provided to force the H-Bridge outputs to tri-state
(high-impedance off-state).
H-BRIDGE OUTPUT DRIVERS: OUT1 AND OUT2
The H-bridge is the power output stage. The current flow
from OUT1 to OUT2 is reversible and under full control of the
user by way of the Input Control Logic. The output stage is
designed to produce full load control under all system
conditions. All protective and control features are integrated
into the control and protection blocks. The sensors for current
and temperature are integrated directly into the output
MOSFET for maximum accuracy and dependability.
33931
12
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION
OPERATIONAL MODES
FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION
SF LOGIC OUT
EN/D2 LOGIC IN
D1 LOGIC IN
INn LOGIC IN
ILOAD OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
OPERATIONAL MODES
9.0
Typical Short-circuit Detection Threshold
Typical Current Limit Threshold
6.5
PWM
Current
Limiting
High Current Load Being Regulated via Constant-OFF-Time PWM
Moderate Current Load
Hard Short Detection and Latch-OFF
0
[1]
[0]
IN1 IN2
IN1 or IN2
IN1 or IN2
IN2 or IN1
IN2 or IN1
[1]
[0]
[1]
[0]
[1]
Outputs
[0]
Tri-stated
Outputs Operation
(per Input Control Condition)
Outputs
Tri-stated
Time
Figure 11. Operating States
33931
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
13
FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION
LOGIC COMMANDS
LOGIC COMMANDS
Table 5. Truth Table
The tri-state conditions and the status flag are reset using D1 or EN/D2. The truth table uses the following notations: L = LOW,
H = HIGH, X = HIGH or LOW, and Z = High-impedance. All output power transistors are switched off.
Input Conditions
Device State
EN/D2
D1
Status
IN1
IN2
Outputs
SF
OUT1
OUT2
Forward
H
L
H
L
H
H
L
Reverse
H
L
L
H
H
L
H
Freewheeling Low
H
L
L
L
H
L
L
Freewheeling High
H
L
H
H
H
H
H
Disable 1 (D1)
H
H
X
X
L
Z
Z
IN1 Disconnected
H
L
Z
X
H
H
X
IN2 Disconnected
H
L
X
Z
H
X
H
D1 Disconnected
H
Z
X
X
L
Z
Z
Under-voltage Lockout(30)
H
X
X
X
L
Z
Z
Over-temperature(31)
H
X
X
X
L
Z
Z
Short-circuit(31)
H
X
X
X
L
Z
Z
Sleep Mode EN/D2
L
X
X
X
H
Z
Z
EN/D2 Disconnected
Z
X
X
X
H
Z
Z
Notes
30. In the event of an under-voltage condition, the outputs tri-state and status flag is SET logic LOW. Upon under-voltage
recovery, status flag is reset automatically or automatically cleared and the outputs are restored to their original operating
condition.
31. When a short-circuit or over-temperature condition is detected, the power outputs are tri-state latched-OFF independent of
the input signals and the status flag is latched to logic LOW. To reset from this condition requires the toggling of either D1,
EN/D2, or VPWR.
Forward
Load
Current
OFF
OUT2
ON
OFF
ON
ON
OUT1
OUT1
OFF
LOAD
OUT2
ON
OUT2
LOAD
ON
OFF
PGND
VPWR
VPWR
Load
Current
ON
LOAD
Low-Side Recirculation
(Forward)
VPW R
V PW R
VPWR
VPWR
Load
Current
OUT1
Reverse
High-Side Recirculation
(Forward)
V PW R
V PW R
LOAD
OUT2
Load
Current
ON
PGND
PGND
OFF
OUT1
OFF
OFF
PGND
OFF
ON
PGND
PGND
PGND
PGND
Figure 12. 33931 Power Stage Operation
PROTECTION AND DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES
SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION
If an output short-circuit condition is detected, the power
outputs tri-state (latch-OFF) independent of the input (IN1
and IN2) states, and the fault status output flag (SF) is SET
to logic LOW. If the D1 input changes from logic HIGH to logic
LOW, or if the EN/D2 input changes from logic LOW to logic
HIGH, the output bridge will become operational again and
the fault status flag will be reset (cleared) to a logic HIGH
state.
33931
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Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION
PROTECTION AND DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES
The output stage will always switch into the mode defined
by the input pins (IN1, IN2, D1, and EN/D2), provided the
device junction temperature is within the specified operating
temperature range.
INTERNAL PWM CURRENT LIMITING
The maximum current flow under normal operating
conditions should be less than 5.0 A. The instantaneous load
currents will be limited to ILIM via the internal PWM current
limiting circuitry. When the ILIM threshold current value is
reached, the output stages are tri-stated for a fixed time (T A)
of 20 µs typical. Depending on the time constant associated
with the load characteristics, the output current decreases
during the tri-state duration until the next output ON cycle
occurs.
The PWM current limit threshold value is dependent on the
device junction temperature. When - 40 °C < TJ < 160 °C,
ILIM is between the specified minimum/maximum values.
When TJ exceeds 160 °C, the ILIM threshold decreases to
4.2 A. Shortly above 175 °C the device over-temperature
circuit will detect tLIM and an over-temperature shutdown will
occur. This feature implements a graceful degradation of
operation before thermal shutdown occurs, thus allowing for
intermittent unexpected mechanical loads on the motor’s
gear-reduction train to be handled.
Important Die temperature excursions above 150 °C are
permitted only for non-repetitive durations < 30 seconds.
Provision must be made at the system level to prevent
prolonged operation in the current-foldback region.
To reset from this condition, D1 must change from logic
HIGH to logic LOW, or EN/D2 must change from logic LOW
to logic HIGH. When reset, the output stage switches ON
again, provided that the junction temperature is now below
the over-temperature threshold limit minus the hysteresis.
Important Resetting from the fault condition will clear the
fault status flag. Powering down and powering up the device
will also reset the 33931 from the fault condition.
OUTPUT AVALANCHE PROTECTION
If VPWR were to become an open circuit, the outputs
would likely tri-state simultaneously due to the disable logic.
This could result in an unclamped inductive discharge. The
VPWR input to the 33931 should not exceed 40 V during this
transient condition, to prevent electrical overstress of the
output drivers.This can be accomplished with a zener clamp
or MOV, and/or an appropriately valued input capacitor with
sufficiently low ESR (see Figure 13).
VPW R
VPW R
Bulk
Low ESR
Cap.
100nF
OUT1
M
9
I/Os
OUT2
OVER-TEMPERATURE SHUTDOWN AND
HYSTERESIS
If an over-temperature condition occurs, the power outputs
are tri-stated (latched-OFF) and the fault status flag (SF) is
SET to logic LOW.
AGND
PGND
Figure 13. Avalanche Protection
33931
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
15
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
A typical application schematic is shown in Figure 14. For
precision high-current applications in harsh, noisy
environments, the VPWR by-pass capacitor may need to be
substantially larger.
VPWR
100 μF
100 nF
VPWR
33nF
LOGIC SUPPLY
CCP
VDD
VCP CHARGE
PUMP
HS1
HS2
OUT1
M
TO GATES
OUT2
HS1
IN1
IN2
EN/D2
D1
+5.0 V
STATUS
FLAG
TO
ADC RFB
270 Ω
SF
LS1
LS2
LS1
HS2
GATE DRIVE
AND
PROTECTION
LOGIC
PGND
LS2
VSENSE
ILIM PWM
FB
CURRENT MIRRORS
AND
CONSTANT OFF-TIME
PWM CURRENT REGULATOR
1.0 μF
AGND
PGND
Figure 14. 33931 Typical Application Schematic
33931
16
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
PACKAGING
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
PACKAGING
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
For the most current package revision, visit www.freescale.com and perform a keyword search using the 98Axxxxxxxxx listed
on the following pages. Dimensions shown are provided for reference ONLY.
VW SUFFIX
44-PIN
98ARH98330A
REVISION B
33931
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
17
PACKAGING
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
VW SUFFIX
44-PIN
98ARH98330A
REVISION B
33931
18
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
PACKAGING
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
EK SUFFIX
32-PIN
98ARL10543D
REVISION D
33931
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
19
PACKAGING
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
EK SUFFIX
32-PIN
98ARL10543D
REVISION D
33931
20
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
PACKAGING
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
EK SUFFIX
32-PIN
98ARL10543D
REVISION D
33931
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
21
ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION
THERMAL ADDENDUM
Introduction
This thermal addendum is provided as a supplement to the MC33931 technical datasheet. The addendum provides thermal
performance information that may be critical in the design and development of system applications. All electrical, application, and
packaging information is provided in the datasheet.
Package and Thermal Considerations
The MC33931 is offered in a 32-pin SOICW-EP and a 44-pin HSOP single die package. There is a single heat source (P), a
single junction temperature (TJ), and thermal resistance (RθJA). This thermal addendum is specific to the 32-pin SOICW-EP
package.
TJ
=
RθJA
.
P
The stated values are solely for a thermal performance comparison of one package to another in a standardized environment.
This methodology is not meant to, and will not predict the performance of a package in an application-specific environment.
Stated values were obtained by measurement and simulation according to the standards listed below.
Table 6. Table of Thermal Resistance Data
Rating
Value
Unit
Notes
Single Layer board (1s)
RθJA
92
°C/W
(32) (33)
Four layer board (2s2p)
RθJA
26.6
°C/W
(32),(34)
Junction to Board
RθJB
7.0
°C/W
(35)
Junction to Case (bottom / flag)
RθJC (bottom)
0.62
°C/W
(38)
Junction to Case (top)
RθJC (top)
23.3
°C/W
(36)
ΨJT
2.7
°C/W
(37)
Junction to Ambient
,
Natural Convection
Junction to Ambient
Natural Convection
Junction to Package Top
Natural Convection
Notes
32. Junction temperature is a function of die size, on-chip power dissipation, package thermal resistance, mounting site (board) temperature,
ambient temperature, air flow, power dissipation of other components on the board, and board thermal resistance.
33. Per JEDEC JESD51-2 with the single layer board (JESD51-3) horizontal.
34. Per JEDEC JESD51-6 with the board (JESD51-7) horizontal.
35. Thermal resistance between the die and the printed circuit board per JEDEC JESD51-8. Board temperature is measured on the top
surface of the board near the package.
36. Thermal resistance between the die and the case top surface as measured by the cold plate method (MIL SPEC-883 Method 1012.1).
37. Thermal characterization parameter indicating the temperature difference between package top and the junction temperature per
JEDEC JESD51-2. When Greek letters are not available, the thermal characterization parameter is written as Psi-JT.
38. Thermal resistance between the die and the case bottom / flag surface (simulated) (flag bottom side fixed to ambient temperature).
33931
22
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
THERMAL ADDENDUM
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
100
Thermal Resistance [°C/W]
]
W
/C 10
° [
e
c
n
at
si
se
R
l a
m
r
1
e
h
T
0.1
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Time [s]
Figure 15. Transient Thermal Resistance RθJA MC33931EK on 2s2p Test Board
33931
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
23
REFERENCE SECTION
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
REFERENCE SECTION
Table 7. Thermal Analysis Reference Documents
Reference
Description
AN4146
Thermal Modeling and Simulation of 12 V Gen3 eXtreme Switch Devices with SPICE
BASICTHERMALWP
Basic Principles of Thermal Analysis for Semiconductor Systems
33931
24
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
REVISION HISTORY
REVISION HISTORY
REVISION
DATE
DESCRIPTION
1.0
2/2008
• Initial Release
2.0
12/2008
3.0
6/2012
4.0
10/2012
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Updated Freescale for and style
Removed PC33931VW/R2 from the ordering information and added MC33931VW/R2
Changes Max RDS(ON) from 225 to 235 mOhm in the document
Changed Peak Package Reflow Temperature During Reflow(7),(8)
Changed Approximate Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (9)
In SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION, changed D2 to EN/D2
Added PC33931EK to the Ordering Information Table
Added EK ordering and package information
Added Thermal Addendum and Reference Document sections
Minor corrections throughout the document.
PC33931EK changed to MC33931EK and released to production
Document level changed from Advance Information to Technical Data
Changed SOIC to SOICW-EP
33931
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor
25
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© 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Document Number: MC33931
Rev. 4.0
10/2012