AN9421: HSP43168 Configured to Perform Multi-Channel Filtering

HSP43168 Configured to Perform
Multi-Channel Filtering
®
Application Note
May 1998
AN9421.2
Introduction
In digital signal processing and communication systems,
multiple channels sometimes require different filters for each
channel. Traditionally, parallel filter structures have been
used in these multiple channel systems. This Application
Note will demonstrate how the HSP43168 Dual FIR filter can
be used to replace parallel filter structures, providing
significant hardware savings.
For multi-channel application, the HSP43168 has three
fundamental filtering configurations: even-symmetric,
asymmetric, and double-clocked asymmetric. The examples
given in this Application Note use one FIR cell for simplicity;
the number of filter taps in these examples can be doubled
when both FIR cells are used in a single filter
configuration[1]. In the single cell mode, the even-symmetric
filter has a maximum of 8-taps; the asymmetric filter has a
maximum of 4-taps; and the double-clocked asymmetric
filter has a maximum of 8-taps.
Before the HSP43168 can be used to filter multiple
channels; the input samples of the N-channels must be
multiplexed. The system diagram for the application of the
HSP43168 is shown in the last section of this Application
Note. The following three sections of this Application Note
are dedicated to showing the internal data flow and timing
diagrams associated with each fundamental filtering
configuration.
Even-Symmetric Multi-Channel Filtering
Since an 8-tap even-symmetric filter has only 4 unique
coefficients, the HSP43168 forward and reverse data paths
are pre-summed allowing the HSP43168 to resolve the
convolution sum in a single CLK [1]. Thus, the HSP43168
is clocked at the same frequency as the multiplexed input
data rate; this clocking scheme will be referred to as
regular clocking. The corresponding Timing Diagram for
the regularly clocked even-symmetric multi-channel filtering
application is shown in Figure 1.
1
In the following example, the number of channels being
filtered (N) is 3. The input samples from each channel are
multiplexed into one stream before entering the HSP43168.
Figures 2A, 2B and 2C show the internal data flow diagram
of the symmetric multi-channel filtering application for the
HSP43168. MUX1-0 was set to FIR A output mode (10) so
only one FIR filter cell is shown in the internal data flow
diagram.
The multi-channel filtering application relies on the decimation
delay registers to “demultiplex” the input stream so that each
sequential output depends on samples from one particular
channel. The number of decimation delay registers is set by
the decimation factor programmed into control address 000H
and should be equal to the number of channels N.
The length of the symmetric FIR filter in the multi-channel
filtering application is limited to an even number of filter taps
because the multi-channel filtering application requires
decimation delay registers between all filter taps. In the
HSP43168’s odd-length symmetric filter configuration, a
delay register between the last filter tap of the forward path
and the first filter tap of the reverse path will result in
misaligned input data with respect to the center tap
coefficient.
CLK
INPUT X2(0) X3(0) X1(1)
CSEL0-4 C2
C3
C1
X2(1)
X3(1)
X1(7)
C2
C3
C1
X2(7) X3(7)
C2
C3
ACCEN PIN IS HELD LOW. FWRD AND RVRS PINS ARE
TIED LOW. SHFTEN IS ALSO TIED LOW.
FIGURE 1. TIMING DIAGRAM FOR EVEN-LENGTH
SYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL FILTERING
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
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Application Note 9421
X1(0)
X1(1) X2(1) X3(1)
X2(0) X3(0)
X1(2) X2(2) X3(2)
X1(3)
X2(3) X3(3)
X3 (7)
X2 (7)
X1 (7)
+
X3(4)
X3(5) X2(5) X1(5)
X3(6) X2(6) X1(6)
X2(4) X1(4)
+
+
+
C1(0)
C1(1)
C1(2)
C1(3)
C2(0)
C2 (1)
C2(2)
C2 (3)
C3 (0)
C3 (1)
C3(2)
C3(3)
+
Y1(7)
Y3 (6)
Y2 (6)
3
Y1 ( 7 ) =
∑
[ X 1 ( 7 – k ) + X 1 ( k ) ]C 1 ( k )
k=0
FIGURE 2A. SYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 1
X2(0)
X2(1) X3(1) X1(2)
X3(0) X1(1)
X2(2) X3(2) X1(3)
X2(3)
X1 (8)
X3 (7)
X2(7)
X1(6)
X1(7) X3(6) X2(6)
+
X1(5)
X3(5) X2(5)
X3(4) X2(4)
+
+
+
C2(0)
C2(1)
C3(2)
C2(3)
C3(0)
C3 (1)
C3(2)
C3(3)
C1(0)
C1(1)
C1(2)
C1(3)
+
Y2(7)
Y1 (7)
Y3 (6)
3
Y2 ( 7 ) =
∑
[ X 2 ( 7 – k ) + X 2 ( k ) ]C 2 ( k )
k=0
FIGURE 2B. SYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 2
2
X3(3) X1(4)
Application Note 9421
X3(0)
X3(1) X1(2) X2(2)
X1(1) X2(1)
X3(2) X1(3) X2(3)
X3(3)
X1(4) X2(4)
X2(8)
X1(8)
X3(7)
+
X2(5) X1(5) X3(4)
X2(6) X1(6) X3(5)
X2(7) X1(7) X3(6)
+
+
+
C3(0)
C3(1)
C3(2)
C3(3)
C1(0)
C1(1)
C1(2)
C1(3)
C2(0)
C2(1)
C2(2)
C2(3)
+
Y3(7)
Y2 (7)
Y1 (7)
3
Y3 ( 7 ) =
∑
[ X 3 ( 7 – k ) + X 3 ( k ) ]C 3 ( k )
k=0
FIGURE 2C. SYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 3
Asymmetric Multi-Channel Filtering
Asymmetric multi-channel filtering is almost identical to the
symmetric filter application except the reverse path is
disabled. The HSP43168 is regularly clocked for the
asymmetric multi-channel filtering because the 4-tap forward
path filter convolution can be resolved in one CLK. Figure 3
shows the timing diagram for the asymmetric multi-channel
filtering application.
The 4-tap asymmetric multi-channel filtering application is
demonstrated using the three channel filtering configuration
described in the previous section. Figures 4A, 4B and 4C
show the internal Data Flow Diagram of the asymmetric
multi-channel filtering application with the HSP43168 in
single filter cell mode. Like the even-symmetric multichannel filtering example, the HSP43168 was programmed
for 3 decimation delay registers between filter taps so that
only data from one channel is used to compute that
channel’s filtered output.
3
CLK
INPUT X2(0)
CSEL0-4 C2
X3(0)
X1(1)
X2(1)
X3(1)
X1(7)
X2(7)
X3(7)
C3
C1
C2
C3
C1
C2
C3
ACCEN PIN IS HELD LOW. FWRD AND RVRS PINS ARE TIED LOW.
SHFTEN IS ALSO TIED LOW.
FIGURE 3. TIMING DIAGRAM FOR ASYMMETRIC
MULTI-CHANNEL FILTERING
Application Note 9421
X3(7)
X2(7)
X1(7)
X3(4) X2(4) X1(4)
X3(6) X2(6) X1(6)
X3(5) X2(5) X1(5)
C1(0)
C1(1)
C1(2)
C1(3)
C2(0)
C2(1)
C2(2)
C2(3)
C3(0)
C3(1)
C3(2)
C3(3)
+
Y1(7)
Y3(6)
Y2 (6)
3
Y1 ( 7 ) =
∑
X 1 ( 7 – k )C 1 ( k )
k=0
FIGURE 4A. ASYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 1
X1(8)
X3(7)
X2(7)
+
X1(5) X3(4) X2(4)
X1(6) X3(5) X2(5)
X1(7) X3(6) X2(6)
+
+
+
C2(0)
C2(1)
C2(2)
C2(3)
C3(0)
C3(1)
C3(2)
C3(3)
C1(0)
C1(1)
C1(2)
C1(3)
+
Y2(7)
Y1(7)
Y3 (6)
3
Y2 ( 7 ) =
∑
X 2 ( 7 – k )C 2 ( k )
k=0
FIGURE 4B. ASYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 2
4
Application Note 9421
X2(8)
X1(8)
+
X2(5) X1(5) X3(4)
X2(6) X1(6) X3(5)
X2(7) X1(7) X3(6)
X3(7)
+
+
+
C3(0)
C3(1)
C3(2)
C3(3)
C1(0)
C1(1)
C1(2)
C1(3)
C2(0)
C2(1)
C2(2)
C2(3)
+
Y1(7)
Y2(7)
Y3(7)
3
Y3 ( 7 ) =
∑
X 3 ( 7 – k )C 3 ( k )
k=0
FIGURE 4C. ASYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 3
Double-Clocked Asymmetric MultiChannel Filtering
In asymmetric filter applications, the number of filter taps for
the HSP43168 may be doubled by clocking the dual FIR part
two times faster than the input data rate (called double
clocking). The limits on the data rate and the clock rate will
be described in the next section.
The HSP43168 uses the additional clock pulse to compute
and accumulate the previously unused reverse path,
achieving an 8-tap FIR filter convolution. The SHFTEN input
is used to halt data from shifting through the Decimation
Registers so that the convolution sum may be carried over
two clocks. On the first clock, data from the reverse path is
used in the filter computation. On the second clock, data
from the forward path is used in the computation.
Figures 6A-F show the internal data paths of the HSP43168
in the asymmetric multi-channel filtering application given
the N = 3 channel multiplex input sequence. The doubleclocked timing diagram for the asymmetric multi-channel
filtering applications is shown in Figure 5. Again, the
decimation factor was set to 3, providing three decimation
delay registers between each filter tap. These delay
registers allow the HSP43618 to process data from one
channel for each two clock interval.
5
CLK
INPUT
X2(0)
X1(0)
CSEL0-4 R1
F1
R2
F2
X3(0)
R3
X2(7)
F2
X3(7)
R3
F3
FWRD
RVRS
ACCEN
SHFTEN
FIGURE 5. TIMING DIAGRAM FOR THE DOUBLE-CLOCKED
ASYMMETRIC MULTICHANNEL FILTERING
APPLICATION
Application Note 9421
X1(0)
X2(0) X3(0)
X1(1) X2(1) X3(1)
X1(2) X2(2) X3(2)
X1(3)
X2(3) X3(3)
X3(7)
X2(7)
X1(7)
X3(6) X2(6) X1(6)
X2(5) X1(5)
X3(5)
X3(4) X2(4) X1(4)
C1(7)
C1(6)
C1(5)
C1(4)
C1(0)
C1(1)
C1(2)
C1(3)
C2(7)
C2(6)
C2(5)
C2(4)
+
ACC1(7)
Y3 (6)
Y2 (6)
7
ACC 1 ( 7 ) =
∑
X 1 ( 7 – k )C 1 ( k )
k=4
FIGURE 6A. DOUBLE-CLOCKED ASYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 1
X1(0)
X2(0) X3(0)
X1(1) X2(1) X3(1)
X1(2) X2(2) X3(2)
X1(3) X2(3) X3(3)
X3(7)
X2(7)
X1(7)
X3(4) X2(4) X1(4)
X3(6) X2(6) X1(6)
X3(5) X2(5) X1(5)
C1(0)
C1(1)
C1(2)
C1(3)
C2(7)
C2(6)
C2(5)
C2(4)
C2(0)
C2(1)
C2(2)
C2(3)
+
0
Y1(7)
Y3 (6)
Y2 (6)
7
Y1 ( 7 ) =
∑
X 1 ( 7 – k )C 1 ( k )
k=0
FIGURE 6B. DOUBLE-CLOCKED ASYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 2
6
Application Note 9421
X2(0)
X3(0) X1(1)
X2(1) X3(1) X1(2)
X2(2) X3(2) X1(3)
X2(3) X3(3) X1(4)
X1(8)
X3(7)
X2(7)
X1(5) X3(4) X2(4)
X1(7) X3(6) X2(6)
X1(6) X3(5) X2(5)
C2(7)
C2(6)
C2(5)
C2(4)
C2(0)
C2(1)
C2(2)
C2(3)
C3(7)
C3(6)
C3(5)
C3(4)
+
ACC2(7)
Y1(7)
Y3(6)
7
ACC 2 ( 7 ) =
∑
X 2 ( 7 – k )C 2 ( k )
k=4
FIGURE 6C. DOUBLE-CLOCKED ASYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 3
X2(0)
X3(0) X1(1)
X2(1) X3(1) X1(2)
X2(2) X3(2) X1(3)
X2(3) X3(3) X1(4)
X1(8)
X3(7)
X2(7)
X1(5) X3(4) X2(4)
X1(7) X3(6) X2(6)
X1(6) X3(5) X2(5)
C2(0)
C2(1)
C2(2)
C2(3)
C3(7)
C3(6)
C3(5)
C3(4)
C3(0)
C3(1)
C3(2)
C3(3)
+
0
Y2(7)
Y1 (7)
Y3 (6)
7
Y2 ( 7 ) =
∑
X 2 ( 7 – k )C 2 ( k )
k=0
FIGURE 6D. DOUBLE-CLOCKED ASYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 4
7
Application Note 9421
X3(0)
X1(1) X2(1)
X3(1) X1(2) X2(2)
X3(2) X1(3) X2(3)
X3(3) X1(4) X2(4)
X2(8)
X1(8)
X3(7)
X2(5) X1(5) X3(4)
X2(7) X1(7) X3(6)
X2(6) X1(6) X3(5)
C3(7)
C3(6)
C3(5)
C3(4)
C3(0)
C3(1)
C3(2)
C3(3)
C1(7)
C1(6)
C1(5)
C1(4)
+
ACC3(7)
Y2(7)
Y1(7)
7
ACC 3 ( 7 ) =
∑
X 3 ( 7 – k )C 3 ( k )
k=4
FIGURE 6E. DOUBLE-CLOCKED ASYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 5
X3(0)
X1(1) X2(1)
X3(1) X1(2) X2(2)
X3(2) X1(3) X2(3)
X3(3) X1(4) X2(4)
X2(8)
X1(8)
X3(7)
X2(5) X1(5) X3(4)
X2(7) X1(7) X3(6)
X2(6) X1(6) X3(5)
C3(0)
C3(1)
C3(2)
C3(3)
C1(7)
C1(6)
C1(5)
C1(4)
C1(0)
C1(1)
C1(2)
C1(3)
+
0
Y3(7)
Y2(7)
Y1(7)
7
Y3 ( 7 ) =
∑
X 3 ( 7 – k )C 3 ( k )
k=0
FIGURE 6. DOUBLE-CLOCKED ASYMMETRIC MULTI-CHANNEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM STEP 6
8
Application Note 9421
Multi-Filter Configuration Using A Single
HSP43168
The multiple channel filtering application was demonstrated in
the previous sections using an even-symmetric, asymmetric,
and double-clocked asymmetric filter configuration given a 3channel multiplexed input data stream.
Assuming that the input and output rates of each channel
are the same, then up to 16 independent filters may be
implemented. The number of independent filters is limited by
the maximum 24 decimation delay registers that can be set
by the decimation factor in the 000H Control Word.
In the multi-filter application, the decimation delay registers
are used to align multiplexed input samples so that only
coefficients for a particular channel and input data from a
particular channel are convolved. If there are N channels,
then the alignment is accomplished by programming the
decimation factor equal to N.
The block diagram in Figure 7 illustrates the top level design
required to implement multi-channel filtering with a single
HSP43168. As shown in Figure 7, N channels are
multiplexed into a single device. The input data rate of each
channel is assumed to be the same for each of the Nchannels, and the data rate of the multiplexed input can not
exceed 45MHz. Thus the multiplexed input data rate, FIN is
bounded by:
F IN × M × N ≤ 45MHz
where N is the number of channels. M denotes how many
times faster CLK is compare to the input data rate. M equals 1
for regularly-clocked applications and 2 for double-clocked
applications. If the HSP43124 is configured with a MUX0-1 =
01 (output = FIR A + FIR B), then a maximum of 16-taps for
even-symmetric or double-clocked asymmetric FIR filter and a
maximum of 8-taps for regularly-clocked asymmetric FIR filter
can be achieved. Note that the HSP43168 can store up to 32
coefficient sets for each tap, limiting MN<33.
F = FIN x Mx N
FIN
X1(n)
CH 1
X2(n)
CH 2
XN(n)
CH N
÷
X1(n)
X2(n)
M
U
X
HSP43168
FOUT = FIN
Y1(n)
Y2(n)
INA0-9
XN(n)
CSEL0-4
CLK
YN(n)
D
E
M
U
X
CH 1
Y1(n)
CH 2
Y2(n)
CH N
YN(n)
MN COUNTER
FUNDAMENTAL
CLOCK
CHANNEL RATE X MN
(SEE NOTE)
NOTE: N = Total number of channels. M = 1 or 2 for regularly or
double clocked cases respectively.
FIGURE 7. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MULTI-FILTER
APPLICATION
9
For example, if a 3-channel 16-tap asymmetric filter with a
sample rate of 7MHz per channel is to be realized, then the
HSP43168 must be configured in the MUX0-1 = 01 mode and
must be double clocked to achieve all 16 taps. Thus, the CLK
must be equal to 3 x 2 x 7MHz = 42MHz; this 3-channel system
can be filtered using the HSP43168VC-45 which has a
maximum 45MHz clock. FOUT = FIN = 7MHz.
Appendix: Key Features of the HSP43168
The HSP43168 has the following features:
• The HSP43168 dual FIR filter can function as one 16-tap
filter or two 8-tap filters as summarized in [1].
• The 10-bit filter coefficients are separated into two 4-tap
sets designated as FIR A and FIR B. 32 coefficient sets
can be stored in memory for each of the 4-tap in FIR A
and FIR B.
• When WR is clocked, the 10-bit filter coefficient in CIN09 is written to a) one of the four taps specified by A0-1,
b) either FIR A or B specified by A2 = 0 or A2 = 1
respectively, and c) one of the 32 available coefficient
sets specified by A7-3.
• The 8 taps from FIR A and FIR B for a particular
coefficient set is selected by CSEL0-4.
• The output is equal to either FIR A + FIR B x 2 -10
(MUX1-0 = 00); FIR A + FIR B (MUX1-0 = 01); FIR A
(MUX1-0 = 10); or FIR B (MUX1-0 = 11).
• For symmetric filters, FWRD and RVRS are tied low so
that the forward and reverse input paths are presummed.
• The ACCEN pin is used to accumulated data when it is
high and to dump the data to the output holding when it
is low.
• The decimation factor fixed in Control Word 000H
specifies how many delay registers are asserted
between coefficient taps.
• The SHFTEN is used to enable shifting of data in the
dual FIR filter.
Some common mistakes that have occurred using the dual
FIR are:
• Setting the decimation factor of the HSP43168 to N does
not cause the filter to decimate by a factor of N. The
decimation factor only sets the number of delay registers
between each filter tap.
• When the delay registers are set by the decimation factor,
odd tap length symmetric filter lengths may no longer be
implemented. Refer to Figure 6 on p.3-27 of [1] for an odd
symmetric filter implementation; it can be seen that delay
between the forward and reverse paths will cause the
input data for the center coefficient to be misaligned.
Reference
For Intersil documents available on the web, see
http://www.Intersil.com
[1] Digital Signal Processing Data Book (DB302B),
Intersil Corporation
Application Note 9421
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