DATASHEET

2A Synchronous Buck Regulator with Integrated
MOSFETs
ISL8502A
Features
The ISL8502A is a synchronous buck controller with internal
MOSFETs packaged in a small 4mmx4mm QFN package. The
ISL8502A can support a continuous load of 2A and has a very
wide input voltage range. With the switching MOSFETs
integrated into the IC, the complete regulator footprint can be
very small and provide a much more efficient solution than a
linear regulator.
• Up to 2A Continuous Output Current
The ISL8502A is capable of stand-alone operation or it can be
used in a master slave combination for multiple outputs that
are derived from the same input rail. Multiple slave channels
(up to six) can be synchronized. This method minimizes the
EMI and beat frequencies effect with multi-channel operation.
The switching PWM controller drives two internal N-Channel
MOSFETs in a synchronous-rectified buck converter topology.
The synchronous buck converter uses voltage-mode control
with fast transient response. The switching regulator provides
a maximum static regulation tolerance of ±1% over line, load,
and temperature ranges. The output is user-adjustable by
means of external resistors down to 0.6V.
The output is monitored for undervoltage events. The switching
regulator also has overcurrent protection. Thermal shutdown is
integrated. The ISL8502A features a bi-directional Enable pin
that allows the part to pull the enable pin low during fault
detection.
PGOOD delay for ISL8502A has been decreased to 1ms typical
(at 500kHz switching frequency) compared to 250ms (at
500kHz) for ISL8502.
• Integrated MOSFETs for Small Regulator Footprint
• Adjustable Switching Frequency, 500kHz to 1.2MHz
• Tight Output Voltage Regulation, ±1% Over-temperature
• Wide Input Voltage Range, 5V ±10% or 5.5V to 14V
• Wide Output Voltage Range, from 0.6V
• Simple Single-Loop Voltage-Mode PWM Control Design
• Input Voltage Feed-Forward for Constant Modulator Gain
• Fast PWM Converter Transient Response
• Lossless rDS(ON) High Side and Low Side Overcurrent
Protections
• Undervoltage Detection
• Integrated Thermal Shutdown Protection
• Power-Good Indication
• Adjustable Soft-Start
• Start-Up with Pre-Bias Output
• Pb-free (RoHS Compliant)
Applications
• Point of Load Applications
• Graphics Cards - GPU and Memory Supplies
• ASIC Power Supplies
• Embedded Processor and I/O Supplies
• DSP Supplies
VIN
4.5V TO 5.5V
POWER GOOD
ENABLE
PGOOD
EN
SYNCH
M/S
VCC
PVCC
SS
VIN
+
VIN
5.5V TO 14V
BOOT
ISL8502A
PHASE
VOUT
+
PGND
FS
POWER GOOD
ENABLE
PGOOD
EN
PVCC
VCC
SS
VIN
BOOT
ISL8502A
PHASE
SYNCH
M/S
FS
FB
SGND
COMP
FIGURE 1. STAND-ALONE REGULATOR: VIN 5.5V TO 14V
October 21, 2011
FN7940.0
1
VOUT
+
PGND
FB
SGND
+
COMP
FIGURE 2. STAND-ALONE REGULATOR: V IN 4.5V TO 5.5V
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2011. All Rights Reserved
Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
Block Diagram
VCC
PVCC
SS
PGOOD
VIN (x4)
VIN
OC
MONITOR
PVCC
2
SERIES
REGULATOR
30μA
POR
MONITOR
BIAS
SGND
PVCC
BOOT
EN
VOLTAGE
MONITOR
SYNCH
M/S
FS
GATE
DRIVE
AND
ADAPTIVE
SHOOT THRU
PROTECTION
PHASE (x4)
CLOCK
AND
OSCILLATOR
GENERATOR
OC
MONITOR
0.6V
REFERENCE
FB
COMP
PGND (x4)
ISL8502A
FAULT MONITORING
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Pin Configuration*
VCC
PVCC
BOOT
VIN
VIN
VIN
ISL8502A
(24 LD QFN)
TOP VIEW
24
23
22
21
20
19
PGOOD
1
18 VIN
SGND
2
17 PHASE
EN
3
SYNCH
4
M/S
5
14 PHASE
FS
6
13 PGND
16 PHASE
10
11
12
PGND
PGND
FB
9
PGND
8
15 PHASE
SS
7
COMP
GND
25
*See “Functional Pin Descriptions” beginning on page 13 for pin descriptions.
Ordering Information
PART
NUMBER
(Note 2)
PART
MARKING
ISL8502AIRZ (Notes 1, 3)
85 02AIRZ
ISL8502AEVAL1Z
Evaluation Board
TEMP. RANGE
(°C)
-40 to +85
PACKAGE
(Pb-free)
24 Ld 4x4 QFN
PKG. DWG. #
L24.4x4D
NOTES:
1. Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte
tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL8502A. For more information on MSL please see
Tech Brief TB363.
3
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Typical Application Schematics
POWER GOOD
PGOOD
ENABLE
VIN
+
EN
VIN
5.5V TO 14V
SYNCH
BOOT
M/S
VCC
PVCC
ISL8502A
VOUT
PHASE
SS
+
PGND
FS
FB
COMP
SGND
FIGURE 3. STAND-ALONE REGULATOR: VIN 5.5V TO 14V
VIN
4.5V TO 5.5V
POWER GOOD
PGOOD
ENABLE
VIN
EN
+
PVCC
BOOT
VCC
SS
ISL8502A
VOUT
PHASE
+
SYNCH
PGND
M/S
FS
FB
SGND
COMP
FIGURE 4. STAND-ALONE REGULATOR: VIN 4.5V TO 5.5V
4
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
ISL8502A With Multiple Slaved Channels
VIN
MASTER
M/S
SS
PVCC
VIN
FS
SYNCH
RT
EN
VOUT1
PHASE
+
GND
ISL8502A
ENABLE
M/S
VIN
FS
5k
RT
VOUT2
SYNCH
EN
PHASE
+
GND
ISL8502A
SLAVE
M/S
VIN
FS
5k
RT
VOUTN
SYNCH
EN
PHASE
+
GND
ISL8502A
SLAVE
5
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to +16.5V
VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to +6.0V
Absolute Boot Voltage, VBOOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +22.0V
Upper Driver Supply Voltage, VBOOT - VPHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +6.0V
All other Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to VCC + 0.3V
Thermal Resistance
θJA (°C/W) θJC (°C/W)
QFN Package (Notes 4, 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
2
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . . . . . +150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65°C to +150°C
Pb-free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see link below
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp
Recommended Operating Conditions
Supply Voltage on VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5V to 14V
Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40°C to +125°C
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product
reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
4. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features.
See Tech Brief TB379.
5. For θJC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
Electrical Specifications
Refer to “Block Diagram”and “Typical Application Schematics”. Operating conditions unless otherwise noted:
VIN = 12V, or VCC = 5V ±10%, TA = -40°C to +85°C. Typical are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 6)
TYP
MAX
(Note 6)
UNITS
VIN SUPPLY
Input Voltage Range
VIN
VIN tied to VCC
Input Operating Supply Current
IQ
5.5
(Note 7)
14
(Note 8)
4.5
5.5
V
7
mA
1.25
2
mA
5.0
5.5
VFB = 1.0V
IQ_SBY
EN tied to GND, VIN = 14V
VCC Voltage
VPVCC
VIN > 5.6V
4.5
Maximum Output Current
IPVCC
VIN = 12V
50
Input Standby Supply Current
V
SERIES REGULATOR
VIN = 12V, VCC shorted to PGND
VCC Current Limit
V
mA
300
mA
POWER-ON RESET
Rising VCC POR Threshold
4.2
4.4
4.49
V
Falling VCC POR Threshold
3.85
4.0
4.10
V
ENABLE
Rising Enable Threshold Voltage
VEN_Rising
2.7
V
Falling Enable Threshold Voltage
VEN_Fall
2.3
V
Enable Sinking Current
500
IEN
µA
OSCILLATOR
PWM Frequency
fOSC
Ramp Amplitude
Ramp Amplitude
400
500
600
kHz
RT = 40kΩ
960
1200
1440
kHz
FS pin tied to VCC
800
kHz
ΔVOSC
VIN = 14V
1.0
V
ΔVOSC
VIN = 5V
0.470
V
8
-
VVIN/ΔVOSC
Modulator Gain
RT = 96kΩ
By Design
Maximum Duty Cycle
DMAX
fOSC = 500kHz
88
%
Maximum Duty Cycle
DMAX
fOSC = 1.2MHz
76
%
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
Reference Voltage
VREF
6
0.600
V
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Electrical Specifications
Refer to “Block Diagram”and “Typical Application Schematics”. Operating conditions unless otherwise noted:
VIN = 12V, or VCC = 5V ±10%, TA = -40°C to +85°C. Typical are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
System Accuracy
MIN
(Note 6)
TYP
MAX
(Note 6)
+1.0
%
±80
±200
nA
20
30
40
µA
0.8
1.0
1.2
-1.0
FB Pin Bias Current
UNITS
SOFT-START
Soft-Start Current
ISS
Enable Soft-Start Threshold
Enable Soft-Start Threshold Hysteresis
12
Enable Soft-Start Voltage High
2.8
3.2
V
mV
3.8
V
ERROR AMPLIFIER
DC Gain
Gain-Bandwidth Product
GBWP
Maximum Output Voltage
3.9
Slew Rate
SR
88
dB
15
MHz
4.4
V
5
V/µs
INTERNAL MOSFETS
Upper MOSFET rDS(ON)
rDS_UPPER
VCC = 5V
180
mΩ
Lower MOSFET rDS(ON)
rDS_LOWER
VCC = 5V
90
mΩ
PGOOD
PGOOD Threshold
VFB/VREF
PGOOD Rising Delay (Note 11)
tPGOOD_DELAY
Rising Edge Hysteresis 1%
107
111
115
Falling Edge Hysteresis 1%
86
90
93
fOSC = 500kHz
1
VPGOOD = 5.5V
PGOOD Leakage Current
PGOOD Low Voltage
VPGOOD
PGOOD Sinking Current
IPGOOD
%
%
ms
5
0.10
µA
V
0.5
mA
PROTECTION
Positive Current Limit
IPOC_peak
Negative Current Limit
INOC_peak
IOC from VIN to PHASE (Notes 9, 10)
(TA = 0°C to +85°C)
2.1
3.5
4.5
A
IOC from VIN to PHASE (Notes 9, 10)
(TA = -40°C to +0°C)
2.0
3.4
4.0
A
IOC from PHASE to PGND (Notes 9, 10)
(TA = 0°C to +85°C)
2.2
3.0
3.5
A
IOC from PHASE to PGND (Notes 9, 10)
(TA = -40°C to +85°C)
1.9
2.8
3.7
A
76
80
84
%
VFB/VREF
Undervoltage Level
Thermal Shutdown Setpoint
TSD
150
°C
Thermal Recovery Setpoint
TSR
130
°C
NOTES:
6. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization
and are not production tested.
7. Minimum VIN can operate below 5.5V as long as VCC is greater than 4.5V.
8. Maximum VIN can be higher than 14V voltage stress across the upper and lower do not exceed 15.5V in all conditions.
9. Circuit requires 150ns minimum on time to detect overcurrent condition.
10. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
11. PGOOD Rising Delay is measured from the point where VOUT reaches regulation to the point where PGOOD rises. It does not include the external
soft-start time. The PGOOD Rising Delay specification is measured at 500kHz.
7
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Typical Performance Curves
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 2.5V, IO = 2A, fs = 500kHz, L = 4.7µH, CIN = 20µF,
100
100
90
90
80
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
COUT = 100µF + 22µF, TA = +25° C, unless otherwise noted.
VOUT = 2.5V
70
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 3.3V
60
50
VOUT = 5.0V
70
VOUT = 3.3V
VOUT = 2.5V
60
VOUT = 1.8V
50
40
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
40
0.0
2.5
0.5
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
FIGURE 5. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (V IN = 5V)
FIGURE 6. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (VIN = 12V)
0.6026
1.206
14VIN
1.205
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0.6025
0.6024
0.6023
14VIN
0.6022
0.6021
9VIN
0.6020
0.6019
9VIN
1.203
1.202
5VIN
1.201
5VIN
0
1.204
1
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
1.200
2
FIGURE 7. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 0.6V, 500kHz)
0
1
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
2
FIGURE 8. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 1.2V, 500kHz)
1.520
1.815
1.815
5VIN
1.814
5VIN
1.516
1.514
9VIN
14VIN
1.512
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.518
1.814
1.813
1.813
14VIN
1.812
9VIN
1.812
1.811
1.811
1.510
0
1
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
2
FIGURE 9. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 1.5V, 500kHz)
8
1.810
0
1
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
2
FIGURE 10. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 1.8V, 500kHz)
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Typical Performance Curves
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 2.5V, IO = 2A, fs = 500kHz, L = 4.7µH, CIN = 20µF,
COUT = 100µF + 22µF, TA = +25° C, unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
3.355
2.515
3.354
3.353
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.513
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
14VIN
2.511
2.509
5VIN
9VIN
3.352
5VIN
3.351
14VIN
3.350
3.349
3.348
3.347
2.507
9VIN
3.346
2.505
0
1
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
3.345
2
0
FIGURE 11. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 2.5V, 500kHz)
1
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
2
FIGURE 12. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 3.3V, 500kHz)
5.030
2.0
1.8
1.6
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5.028
7VIN
5.026
5.024
5.022
14VIN
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
5VIN
0.4
14VIN
9VIN
0.2
9VIN
5.020
0
1.4
1
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
0.0
0
2
FIGURE 13. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 5V, 500kHz)
1
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
2
FIGURE 14. POWER DISSIPATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 0.6V, 500kHz)
2.5
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.4
1.2
1.0
14VIN
0.8
0.6
5VIN
0.4
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
1.6
1.5
1.0
14VIN
0.5
5VIN
9VIN
0.2
9VIN
0.0
0.0
0
1
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
2
FIGURE 15. POWER DISSIPATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 1.2V, 500kHz)
9
0
1
2
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
FIGURE 16. POWER DISSIPATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 1.5V, 500kHz)
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Typical Performance Curves
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 2.5V, IO = 2A, fs = 500kHz, L = 4.7µH, CIN = 20µF,
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
COUT = 100µF + 22µF, TA = +25° C, unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
1.5
14VIN
1.0
0.5
5VIN
0
0.5
1
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
0
2
1
2
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
FIGURE 18. POWER DISSIPATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 2.5V,
500kHz)
2.5
2.0
2.0
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
2.5
14VIN
1.5
5VIN
0.0
FIGURE 17. POWER DISSIPATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 1.8V, 500kHz)
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
14VIN
1.0
9VIN
9VIN
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
14VIN
1.5
1.0
0.5
7VIN
5VIN
9VIN
0.0
9VIN
0.0
0
1
2
0
1
2
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
FIGURE 20. POWER DISSIPATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 5V, 500kHz)
FIGURE 19. POWER DISSIPATION vs LOAD (VOUT = 3.3V,
500kHz)
5.5
5.2
5.4
NO LOAD
5.1
5.3
5.2
VCC (V)
VCC (V)
5.0
4.9
4.8
5.1
5.0
4.9
100mA LOAD
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.5
0
50
100
150
I VCC (mA)
200
FIGURE 21. VCC LOAD REGULATION
10
250
300
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
VIN (V)
11
12
13
14 15
FIGURE 22. VCC REGULATION vs VIN
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Typical Performance Curves
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 2.5V, IO = 2A, fs = 500kHz, L = 4.7µH, CIN = 20µF,
COUT = 100µF + 22µF, TA = +25° C, unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
PHASE1
5V/DIV
PHASE1
0.5µs
5V
5V/DIV
PHASE2
5V/DIV
VOUT1 RIPPLE
20mV/DIV
VOUT2 RIPPLE
20mV/DIV
VOUT1 RIPPLE
20mV/DIV
IL1
0.5A/DIV
SYNCH1
2V/DIV
FIGURE 23. MASTER TO SLAVE OPERATION
FIGURE 24. MASTER OPERATION AT NO LOAD
PHASE1
10V/DIV
PHASE1
5V/DIV
VOUT1 RIPPLE
20mV/DIV
VOUT1 RIPPLE
20mV/DIV
IL1
1A/DIV
IL1
1A/DIV
SYNCH1
5V/DIV
SYNCH1
5V/DIV
FIGURE 25. MASTER OPERATION WITH FULL LOAD
FIGURE 26. MASTER OPERATION WITH NEGATIVE LOAD
EN1
5V/DIV
EN1
5V/DIV
VOUT1
1V/DIV
IL1
2A/DIV
VOUT1
0.5V/DIV
2V PRE-BIASED
IL1
1A/DIV
SS1
2V/DIV
FIGURE 27. SOFT-START AT NO LOAD
11
SS1
2V/DIV
FIGURE 28. START-UP WITH PRE-BIASED
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Typical Performance Curves
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 2.5V, IO = 2A, fs = 500kHz, L = 4.7µH, CIN = 20µF,
COUT = 100µF + 22µF, TA = +25° C, unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
PHASE1
10V/DIV
EN1
5V/DIV
VOUT1
1V/DIV
VOUT1
1V/DIV
IL1
1A/DIV
IL1
1A/DIV
PGOOD1
5V/DIV
SS1
2V/DIV
FIGURE 29. SOFT-START AT FULL LOAD
FIGURE 30. POSITIVE OUTPUT SHORT CIRCUIT
PHASE1
10V/DIV
VOUT1
2V/DIV
PHASE1
10V/DIV
VOUT1
2V/DIV
IL1
2A/DIV
IL1
2A/DIV
SS1
2V/DIV
PGOOD1
5V/DIV
FIGURE 31. POSITIVE OUTPUT SHORT CIRCUIT (HICCUP MODE)
PHASE1
10V/DIV
VOUT1
1V/DIV
FIGURE 32. NEGATIVE OUTPUT SHORT CIRCUIT
PHASE1
5V/DIV
IL1
1A/DIV
VOUT1 RIPPLE
50mV/DIV
IL1
2A/DIV
IOUT1
2A/DIV
PGOOD1
5V/DIV
FIGURE 33. RECOVER FROM POSITIVE SHORT CIRCUIT
12
FIGURE 34. LOAD TRANSIENT
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Functional Pin Descriptions
PGOOD (Pin 1)
PGOOD is an open drain output that pulls to low if the output
goes out of regulation or a fault is detected. PGOOD is equipped
with a fixed delay upon output power-up. The PGOOD Rising
Delay specification is measured at 500 kHz from the point where
VOUT reaches regulation to the point where PGOOD rises. This
delay is reversely proportional to the switching frequency.
SGND (Pin 2)
The SGND terminal of the ISL8502A provides the return path for
the control and monitor portions of the IC.
voltage can be set to any voltage between the power rail
(reduced by converter losses) and the 0.6V reference. Loop
compensation is achieved by connecting an AC network across
the COMP pin and the FB pin. The FB pin is also monitored for
undervoltage events.
SS (Pin 9)
Connect a capacitor from the SS pin to ground. This capacitor,
along with an internal 30µA current source, sets the soft-start
interval of the converter, tSS, as shown in Equation 2.
C SS [ μF ] = 50 ⋅ t SS [ S ]
(EQ. 2)
PGND (Pins 10-13)
EN (Pin 3)
The Enable pin is a bi-directional pin. If the voltage on this pin
exceeds the enable threshold voltage, the part is enabled. If a fault
is detected, the EN pin is pulled low via internal circuitry for a
duration of four soft-start periods. For automatic start-up, use 10kΩ
to 100kΩ pull-up resistor connecting to VCC.
SYNCH (Pin 4)
The PGND pins are used as the ground connection of the power
train.
PHASE (Pins 14-17)
The PHASE pins are the PHASE node connections to the inductor.
These pins are connected to the source of the control MOSFET
and the drain of the synchronous MOSFET.
SYNCH is a bi-directional pin used to synchronize slave devices to
the master device. As a master device, this pin outputs the clock
signal to which the slave devices synchronize. As a slave device,
this pin is an input to receive the clock signal from the master
device.
VIN (Pins 18-21)
If configured as a slave device, the ISL8502A is disabled if there
is no clock signal from the master device on the SYNCH pin.
It is recommended that the DC voltage applied to the VIN pins
does not exceed 14V. This recommendation allows for transient
spikes and voltage ringing to occur while not exceeding Absolute
Maximum Ratings.
Leave this pin unconnected if the IC is used in stand-alone
operation.
BOOT (Pin 22)
M/S (Pin 5)
As a slave device, tie a 5kΩ resistor between the M/S pin and
ground.
As a master or a stand-alone device, tie the M/S pin directly to
the VCC pin. Do not short the M/S pin to GND.
FS (Pin 6)
The FS pin provides oscillator switching frequency adjustment. By
placing a resistor (RT) from the FS pin to GND, the switching
frequency can be programmed as desired between 500kHz and
1.2MHz as shown in Equation 1.
48000
R T [ kΩ ] = -----------------------------f OSC [ kHz ]
(EQ. 1)
Tying the FS pin to the VCC pin forces the switching frequency to
800kHz.
Using resistors with values below 40kΩ (1.2MHz) or with values
higher than 97kΩ (500kHz) may damage the ISL8502A.
COMP (Pin 7) and FB (Pin 8)
The switching regulator employs a single voltage control loop.
The FB pin is the negative input to the voltage loop error
amplifier. The output voltage is set by an external resistor divider
connected to FB. With a properly selected divider, the output
13
Connect the input rail to the VIN pins. These pins are the input to
the regulator as well as the source for the internal linear
regulator that supplies the bias for the IC.
The BOOT pin provides ground-referenced bias voltage to the
upper MOSFET driver. A bootstrap circuit is used to create a
voltage suitable to drive the internal N-channel MOSFET. The boot
diode is included within the ISL8502A.
PVCC (Pin 23)
The PVCC pin is the output of the internal linear regulator that
supplies the bias and gate voltage for the IC. A minimum 4.7µF
decoupling capacitor is recommended.
VCC (Pin 24)
The VCC pin supplies the bias voltage for the IC. This pin should
be tied to the PVCC pin through an RC low pass filter. A 10Ω
resistor and 0.1µF capacitor are recommended.
Functional Description
Initialization
The ISL8502A automatically initializes upon receipt of input
power. The Power-On Reset (POR) function continuously monitors
the voltage on the VCC pin. If the voltage on the EN pin exceeds
its rising threshold, then the POR function initiates soft-start
operation after the bias voltage has exceeded the POR threshold.
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ISL8502A
Stand-alone Operation
The ISL8502A can be configured to function as a stand-alone
single channel voltage mode synchronous buck PWM voltage
regulator. The “Typical Application Schematics” on page 4 show
the two configurations for stand-alone operation.
The internal series linear regulator requires at least 5.5V to
create the proper bias for the IC. If the input voltage is between
5.5V and 15V, simply connect the VIN pins to the input rail, and
the series linear regulator creates the bias for the IC. The VCC pin
should be tied to a capacitor for decoupling.
If the input voltage is 5V ±10%, then tie the VIN pins and the VCC
pin to the input rail. The ISL8502A uses the 5V rail as the bias. A
decoupling capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the
VCC pin.
Overcurrent Condition Flag is set from LOW to HIGH. If, on the
subsequent cycle, another overcurrent condition is detected, the
OC Fault Counter is incremented. If there are eight sequential OC
fault detections, the regulator is shut down under an Overcurrent
Fault Condition, and the EN pin is pulled LOW. An Overcurrent
Fault Condition results, with the regulator attempting to restart in
hiccup mode. The delay between restarts is four soft-start
periods. At the end of the fourth soft-start wait period, the fault
counters are reset, the EN pin is released, and soft-start is
attempted again. If the overcurrent condition goes away prior to
the OC Fault Counter reaching a count of four, the Overcurrent
Condition Flag is set back to LOW.
If the Overcurrent Condition Flag is HIGH, the Overcurrent Fault
Counter is less than four, and an undervoltage event is detected,
the regulator shuts down immediately.
Multi-Channel (Master/Slave) Operation
UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
The ISL8502A can be configured to function in a multi-channel
system. “ISL8502A With Multiple Slaved Channels” on page 5
shows a typical configuration for the multi-channel system.
If the voltage detected on the FB pin falls 18% below the internal
reference voltage, and if the overcurrent condition flag is LOW,
then the regulator is shut down immediately under an
Undervoltage Fault Condition, and the EN pin is pulled LOW. An
Undervoltage Fault Condition results in the regulator attempting
to restart in hiccup mode, with the delay between restarts being
four soft-start periods. At the end of the fourth soft-start wait
period, the fault counters are reset, the EN pin is released, and
soft-start is attempted again.
In the multi-channel system, each ISL8502A IC regulates a
separate rail while sharing the same input rail. By configuring the
devices in a master/slave configuration, the clocks of each IC
can be synchronized.
There can only be one master IC in a multi-channel system. To
configure an IC as the master, the M/S pin must be shorted to
the VCC pin. The SYNCH pins of all the ISL8502A controller ICs in
the multi-channel system must be tied together. The frequency
set resistor value (RT) used on the master device must be used
on every slave device. Each slave device must have a 5kΩ
resistor connecting it from M/S pin to ground.
The master device and all slave devices can have their EN pins tied
to an enable “bus.” Since the EN pin is bi-directional, it allows for
options on how each IC is tied to the enable bus. If the EN pin of any
ISL8502A is tied directly to the enable bus, then that device is
capable of disabling all the other devices that have their EN pins tied
directly to the enable bus. If the EN pin of an ISL8502A is tied to the
enable bus through a diode (anode tied to ISL8502A EN pin,
cathode tied to enable bus), then the part does not disable other
devices on the enable bus if it disables itself for any reason.
If the master device is disabled via the EN pin, it continues to
send the clock signal from the SYNCH pin. This allows slave
devices to continue operating.
Fault Protection
The ISL8502A monitors the output of the regulator for overcurrent
and undervoltage events. The ISL8502A also provides protection
from excessive junction temperatures.
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
The overcurrent function protects the switching converter from a
shorted output by monitoring the current flowing through both the
upper and lower MOSFETs.
Upon detection of any overcurrent condition, the upper MOSFET
is immediately turned off and is not turned on again until the
next switching cycle. Upon detection of the initial overcurrent
condition, the Overcurrent Fault Counter is set to 1, and the
14
THERMAL PROTECTION
If the ISL8502A IC junction temperature reaches a nominal
temperature of +150°C, the regulator is disabled. The ISL8502A
does not re-enable the regulator until the junction temperature
drops below +130°C.
SHOOT-THROUGH PROTECTION
A shoot-through condition occurs when both the upper and lower
MOSFETs are turned on simultaneously, effectively shorting the
input voltage to ground. To protect from a shoot-through
condition, the ISL8502A incorporates specialized circuitry, which
ensures that the complementary MOSFETs are not ON
simultaneously.
Application Guidelines
Operating Frequency
The ISL8502A can operate at switching frequencies from
500kHz to 1.2MHz. A resistor tied from the FS pin to ground is
used to program the switching frequency (Equation 3).
48000
R T [ kΩ ] = -----------------------------f OSC [ kHz ]
(EQ. 3)
Output Voltage Selection
The output voltage of the regulator can be programmed via an
external resistor divider that is used to scale the output voltage
relative to the internal reference voltage and feed it back to the
inverting input of the error amplifier (see Figure 36).
The output voltage programming resistor, R4, depends on the
value chosen for the feedback resistor and the desired output
FN7940.0
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ISL8502A
voltage of the regulator. The value for the feedback resistor is
typically between 1kΩ and 10kΩ.
R 1 × 0.6V
R 4 = ---------------------------------V OUT – 0.6V
(EQ. 4)
If the output voltage desired is 0.6V, then R4 is left unpopulated.
Output Capacitor Selection
An output capacitor is required to filter the inductor current and
supply the load transient current. The filtering requirements are a
function of the switching frequency and the ripple current. The load
transient requirements are a function of the slew rate (di/dt) and the
magnitude of the transient load current. These requirements are
generally met with a mix of capacitors and careful layout.
High frequency capacitors initially supply the transient and slow the
current load rate seen by the bulk capacitors. The bulk filter
capacitor values are generally determined by the ESR (Effective
Series Resistance) and voltage rating requirements rather than
actual capacitance requirements.
High frequency decoupling capacitors should be placed as close to
the power pins of the load as physically possible. Be careful not to
add inductance in the circuit board wiring that could cancel the
usefulness of these low inductance components. Consult with the
manufacturer of the load on specific decoupling requirements.
The shape of the output voltage waveform during a load transient
that represents the worst-case loading conditions ultimately
determines the number of output capacitors and their type. When
this load transient is applied to the converter, most of the energy
required by the load is initially delivered from the output capacitors.
This is due to the finite amount of time required for the inductor
current to slew up to the level of the output current required by the
load. This phenomenon results in a temporary dip in the output
voltage. At the very edge of the transient, the Equivalent Series
Inductance (ESL) of each capacitor induces a spike that adds on top
of the existing voltage drop due to the Equivalent Series Resistance
(ESR).
VOUT
During removal of the same output load, the energy stored in the
inductor is dumped into the output capacitors. This energy dumping
creates a temporary hump in the output voltage. This hump, as with
the sag, can be attributed to the total amount of capacitance on the
output. Figure 35 shows a typical response to a load transient.
The amplitudes of the different types of voltage excursions can
be approximated using Equation 5.
dI tran
ΔV ESL = ESL • --------------dt
ΔV ESR = ESR • I tran
2
L out • I tran
ΔV SAG = -------------------------------------------------C out • ( V in – V out )
2
L out • I tran
ΔV HUMP = -------------------------------C out • V out
(EQ. 5)
where: Itran = Output Load Current Transient, and Cout = Total
Output Capacitance.
In a typical converter design, the ESR of the output capacitor
bank dominates the transient response. The ESR and ESL
typically are the major contributing factors in determining the
output capacitance. The number of output capacitors can be
determined by using Equation 6, which relates the ESR and ESL
of the capacitors to the transient load step and the voltage limit
(DVo):
ESL • dI tran
--------------------------------+ ESR • I tran
dt
Number of Capacitors = ----------------------------------------------------------------------ΔV o
If DVSAG or DVHUMP is found to be too large for the output
voltage limits, then the amount of capacitance may need to be
increased. In this situation, a trade-off between output
inductance and output capacitance may be necessary.
The ESL of the capacitors, which is an important parameter in
the previous equations, is not usually listed in databooks.
Practically, it can be approximated using Equation 7 if an
Impedance vs Frequency curve is given for a specific capacitor:
1
ESL = ---------------------------------------2
C ( 2 • π • f res )
DVHUMP
DVSAG
The ESL of the capacitors becomes a concern when designing
circuits that supply power to loads with high rates of change in
the current.
DVESL
ITRAN
FIGURE 35. TYPICAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
After the initial spike, attributable to the ESR and ESL of the
capacitors, the output voltage experiences sag. This sag is a direct
consequence of the amount of capacitance on the output.
15
(EQ. 7)
where fres is the frequency at which the lowest impedance is
achieved (resonant frequency).
DVESR
IOUT
(EQ. 6)
Output Inductor Selection
The output inductor is selected to meet the output voltage ripple
requirements and to minimize the converter’s response time to
the load transient. The inductor value determines the converter’s
ripple current, and the ripple voltage is a function of the ripple
current. The ripple voltage and current are approximated by using
Equation 8:
DI =
VIN - VOUT
Fs x L
x
VOUT
VIN
DVOUT = DI x ESR
(EQ. 8)
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ISL8502A
Increasing the value of inductance reduces the ripple current and
voltage. However, the large inductance values reduce the
converter response time to a load transient.
One of the parameters limiting converter response to a load
transient is the time required to change the inductor current.
Given a sufficiently fast control loop design, the ISL8502A
provides either 0% or 100% duty cycle in response to a load
transient. The response time is the time required to slew the
inductor current from an initial current value to the transient
current level. During this interval, the difference between the
inductor current and the transient current level must be
supplied by the output capacitor. Minimizing the response time
can minimize the output capacitance required.
The response time to a transient is different for the application of
load and the removal of load. Equation 9 gives the approximate
response time interval for application and removal of a transient
load:
tRISE =
L x ITRAN
VIN - VOUT
tFALL =
Figure 36 highlights the voltage-mode control loop for a
synchronous-rectified buck converter. The output voltage (VOUT)
is regulated to the reference voltage level. The error amplifier
output (VE/A) is compared with the oscillator (OSC) triangular
wave to provide a pulse-width modulated (PWM) wave with an
amplitude of VIN at the PHASE node. The PWM wave is smoothed
by the output filter (LO and CO).
The modulator transfer function is the small-signal transfer
function of VOUT/VE/A . This function is dominated by a DC gain
and the output filter (LO and CO), with a double pole break
frequency at FLC and a zero at FESR . The DC gain of the
modulator is simply the input voltage (VIN) divided by the
peak-to-peak oscillator voltage, DVOSC . The ISL8502A
incorporates a feed-forward loop that accounts for changes in the
input voltage. This configuration maintains a constant modulator
gain.
L x ITRAN
VOUT
(EQ. 9)
where: ITRAN is the transient load current step, tRISE is the
response time to the application of load, and tFALL is the
response time to the removal of load. The worst-case response
time can be either at the application or removal of load. Be sure
to check both of these equations at the minimum and maximum
output levels for the worst-case response time.
VIN
DRIVER
OSC
PWM
COMPARATOR
LO
-
ΔVOSC
DRIVER
+
PHASE
VOUT
CO
ESR
(PARASITIC)
ZFB
VE/A
Input Capacitor Selection
ZIN
-
+
Use a mix of input bypass capacitors to control the voltage
overshoot across the MOSFETs. Use small ceramic capacitors for
high-frequency decoupling, and bulk capacitors to supply the
current needed each time the upper MOSFET turns on. Place the
small ceramic capacitors physically close to the MOSFETs and
between the drain of the upper MOSFET and the source of the
lower MOSFET.
The important parameters for bulk input capacitance are the
voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable operation,
select bulk capacitors with voltage and current ratings above the
maximum input voltage and largest RMS current required by the
circuit. Their voltage rating should be at least 1.25x greater than
the maximum input voltage, while a voltage rating of 1.5x is a
conservative guideline. For most cases, the RMS current rating
requirement for the input capacitor of a buck regulator is
approximately one-half the DC load current.
The maximum RMS current through the input capacitors can be
closely approximated using Equation 10:
⎞ 2⎞
V OUT
V OUT ⎛
2 ⎛
1 ⎛ V IN – V OUT V OUT
-------------- × ⎜ I OUT
× 1 – -----------⎞ + ------ × ⎜ ----------------------------- × --------------⎟ ⎟
⎝
⎠
V IN
V
V IN ⎠ ⎠
12
MAX
⎝
⎝ L × f OSC
IN
(EQ. 10)
For a through-hole design, several electrolytic capacitors may be
needed. For surface mount designs, solid tantalum capacitors
can be used, but caution must be exercised with regard to the
capacitor surge current rating. These capacitors must be capable
of handling the surge current at power-up. Some capacitor series
available from reputable manufacturers are surge current tested.
16
Feedback Compensation
ERROR
AMP
REFERENCE
DETAILED COMPENSATION COMPONENTS
ZFB
C1
C2
VOUT
ZIN
C3
R2
R3
R1
COMP
+
FB
R4
ISL8502A
REFERENCE
R ⎞
⎛
V OUT = 0.6 × ⎜ 1 + ------1-⎟
R 4⎠
⎝
FIGURE 36. VOLTAGE-MODE BUCK CONVERTER COMPENSATION
DESIGN AND OUTPUT VOLTAGE SELECTION
Modulator Break Frequency Equations
1
f LC = ------------------------------------------2π x L O x C O
1
f ESR = -------------------------------------------2π x ESR x C O
(EQ. 11)
The compensation network consists of the error amplifier
(internal to the ISL8502A) and the impedance networks, ZIN and
ZFB. The goal of the compensation network is to provide a closed
loop transfer function with the highest 0dB crossing frequency
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
1. Pick Gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth.
2. Place first zero below filter’s double pole (~75% FLC).
100
fP1
fP2
OPEN LOOP
ERROR AMP GAIN
60
40
20
20LOG
(R2/R1)
20LOG
(VIN/ΔVOSC)
0
3. Place second zero at filter’s double pole.
-20
4. Place first pole at ESR Zero.
-40
5. Place second pole at half the switching frequency.
-60
6. Check gain against error amplifier’s open-loop gain.
fZ1 fZ2
80
GAIN (dB)
(f0dB) and adequate phase margin. Phase margin is the
difference between the closed loop phase at f0dB and 180
degrees. Equation 12 relates the compensation network’s poles,
zeros, and gain to the components (R1 , R2 , R3 , C1 , C2 and C3) in
Figure 36. Use these guidelines for locating the poles and zeros
of the compensation network:
COMPENSATION
GAIN
CLOSED LOOP
GAIN
MODULATOR
GAIN
fLC
10
100
1k
fESR
10k
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1M
10M
FIGURE 37. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN
7. Estimate phase margin; repeat if necessary.
Compensation Break Frequency Equations
Layout Considerations
1
f Z1 = -----------------------------------2π x R 2 x C 1
1
f P1 = --------------------------------------------------------⎛ C 1 x C 2⎞
2π x R 2 x ⎜ ----------------------⎟
⎝ C1 + C2 ⎠
1
f Z2 = ------------------------------------------------------2π x ( R 1 + R 3 ) x C 3
1
f P2 = -----------------------------------2π x R 3 x C 3
Layout is very important in high frequency switching converter
design. With power devices switching efficiently between 500kHz
and 1.2MHz, the resulting current transitions from one device to
another cause voltage spikes across the interconnecting
impedances and parasitic circuit elements. These voltage spikes
can degrade efficiency, radiate noise into the circuit, and lead to
device overvoltage stress. Careful component layout and printed
circuit board design minimize these voltage spikes.
(EQ. 12)
Figure 37 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC/DC converter gain
vs frequency. The actual modulator gain has a high gain peak
due to the high Q factor of the output filter and is not shown in
Figure 37. Using the guidelines provided should give a
compensation gain similar to the curve plotted. The open loop
error amplifier gain bounds the compensation gain. Check the
compensation gain at FP2 with the capabilities of the error
amplifier. The closed loop gain is constructed on the graph of
Figure 37 by adding the modulator gain (in dB) to the
compensation gain (in dB). This is equivalent to multiplying the
modulator transfer function to the compensation transfer
function and plotting the gain.
The compensation gain uses external impedance networks, ZFB
and ZIN, to provide a stable, high bandwidth (BW) overall loop. A
stable control loop has a gain crossing with -20dB/decade slope
and a phase margin greater than +45°. Include worst-case
component variations when determining phase margin. A more
detailed explanation of voltage mode control of a buck regulator
can be found in Tech Brief TB417, entitled “Designing Stable
Compensation Networks for Single Phase Voltage Mode Buck
Regulators.”
As an example, consider the turn-off transition of the control
MOSFET. Prior to turn-off, the MOSFET is carrying the full load
current. During turn-off, current stops flowing in the MOSFET and
is picked up by the lower MOSFET. Any parasitic inductance in the
switched current path generates a large voltage spike during the
switching interval. Careful component selection, tight layout of
the critical components, and short, wide traces minimize the
magnitude of voltage spikes.
There are two sets of critical components in the ISL8502A
switching converter. The switching components are the most
critical because they switch large amounts of energy and
therefore tend to generate large amounts of noise. Next are the
small signal components, which connect to sensitive nodes or
supply critical bypass current and signal coupling.
A multi-layer printed circuit board is recommended. Figure 38
shows the connections of the critical components in the
converter. Note that capacitors CIN and COUT could each
represent numerous physical capacitors. Dedicate one solid layer
(usually a middle layer of the PC board) for a ground plane, and
make all critical component ground connections with vias to this
layer. Dedicate another solid layer as a power plane, and break
this plane into smaller islands of common voltage levels. Keep
the metal runs from the PHASE terminals to the output inductor
short. The power plane should support the input power and
output power nodes. Use copper-filled polygons on the top and
bottom circuit layers for the phase nodes. Use the remaining
printed circuit layers for small signal wiring. The wiring traces
from the GATE pins to the MOSFET gates should be kept short
and wide enough to easily handle the 1A of drive current.
In order to dissipate heat generated by the internal VTT LDO, the
ground pad, pin 29, should be connected to the internal ground
plane through at least five vias. This allows heat to move away
17
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
from the IC and also ties the pad to the ground plane through a
low impedance path.
VIN
CIN
CBP1
ISL8502A
L1
RBP
VCC
CBP2
VOUT1
PHASE
PGND
LOAD
The switching components should be placed close to the
ISL8502A first. Minimize the length of connections between the
input capacitors, CIN, and the power switches by placing them
nearby. Position both the ceramic and bulk input capacitors as
close to the upper MOSFET drain as possible. Position the output
inductor and output capacitors between the upper and lower
MOSFETs and the load. Make the PGND and the output
capacitors as short as possible.
VIN
PVCC
5V
COUT1
COMP
C2
The critical small signal components include any bypass
capacitors, feedback components, and compensation
components. Place the PWM converter compensation
components close to the FB and COMP pins. The feedback
resistors should be located as close as possible to the FB pin,
with vias tied straight to the ground plane as required.
C1
R2
R1
FB
R4
C3
R3
GND PAD
KEY
ISLAND ON POWER PLANE LAYER
ISLAND ON CIRCUIT AND/OR POWER PLANE LAYER
VIA CONNECTION TO GROUND PLANE
FIGURE 38. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD POWER PLANES AND
ISLANDS
18
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ISL8502A
Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make
sure you have the latest revision.
DATE
REVISION
10/21/2011
FN7940.0
CHANGE
Initial Release
Products
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19
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011
ISL8502A
Package Outline Drawing
L24.4x4D
24 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 2, 10/06
4X 2.5
4.00
A
20X 0.50
B
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
PIN #1 CORNER
(C 0 . 25)
24
19
1
4.00
18
2 . 50 ± 0 . 15
13
0.15
(4X)
12
7
0.10 M C A B
0 . 07
24X 0 . 23 +- 0
. 05 4
24X 0 . 4 ± 0 . 1
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
0.10 C
C
0 . 90 ± 0 . 1
BASE PLANE
( 3 . 8 TYP )
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
SIDE VIEW
(
2 . 50 )
( 20X 0 . 5 )
C
0 . 2 REF
5
( 24X 0 . 25 )
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
( 24X 0 . 6 )
DETAIL "X"
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 indentifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
20
FN7940.0
October 21, 2011