DATASHEET Wide VIN 150mA Synchronous Buck Regulator ISL85412 Features The ISL85412 is a 150mA synchronous buck regulator with an input range of 3.5V to 40V. It provides an easy to use, high efficiency low BOM count solution for a variety of applications. • Wide input voltage range of 3.5V to 40V The ISL85412 integrates both high-side and low-side NMOS FETs and features a PFM mode for improved efficiency at light loads. This feature can be disabled if forced PWM mode is desired. The part switches at a default frequency of 700kHz. By integrating both NMOS devices and providing internal configuration, minimal external components are required, reducing BOM count and complexity of design. • Synchronous operation for high efficiency • No compensation required • Integrated high-side and low-side NMOS devices • Selectable PFM or forced PWM mode at light loads • Internal switching frequency 700kHz • Continuous output current up to 150mA • Internal soft-start With the wide VIN range and reduced BOM, the part provides an easy to implement design solution for a variety of applications while giving superior performance. It will provide a very robust design for high voltage industrial applications as well as an efficient solution for battery powered applications. • Minimal external components required The part is available in a small Pb-free 3mmx3mm TDFN plastic package with an operation junction temperature range of -40°C to +125°C. • Medical devices • Power-good and enable functions available Applications • Industrial control • Portable instrumentation • Distributed power supplies Related Literature • Cloud infrastructure • AN1929, “ISL85413EVAL1Z, ISL85412EVAL1Z Evaluation Boards” • AN1931, “ISL85413DEMO1Z, ISL85412DEMO1Z Wide VIN Synchronous Buck Regulator - Short Form” 100 VOUT MODE +3.5 ... +40V VIN GND 2 C6 0.1µF 3 C1 20µF 4 fSW = 700kHz GND MAX 150mA C8 L1 BOOT VCC VIN PHASE PG 9 VOUT FB EN 90 C4 R1 MODE PGND 1 8 R2 7 6 C5 1µF PG 5 EN Device must be connected to GND plane with vias. EFFICIENCY (%) U1 ISL85412 80 70 3.3VOUT 1.5VOUT 60 1.2VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.0VOUT 50 40 0.00 0.03 0.06 5.0VOUT 2.5VOUT 0.09 0.12 0.15 OUTPUT LOAD (A) FIGURE 1. TYPICAL APPLICATION March 13, 2015 FN8378.1 1 FIGURE 2. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD, PFM, VIN = 12V CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas LLC 2014, 2015. All Rights Reserved Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries. All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. ISL85412 Table of Contents Pin Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Pin Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Thermal Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Efficiency Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Typical Performance Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Detailed Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power-On Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soft-Start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power-Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PWM Control Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light Load Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output Voltage Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 Protection Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overcurrent Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Negative Current Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-Temperature Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boot Undervoltage Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 16 16 17 17 Application Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simplifying the Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output Inductor Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buck Regulator Output Capacitor Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Layout Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 17 17 17 17 Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 About Intersil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Package Outline Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Submit Document Feedback 2 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Pin Configuration ISL85412 (8 LD 3x3 TDFN) TOP VIEW MODE 1 8 FB 7 VCC VIN 3 6 PG PHASE 4 5 EN BOOT 2 GND Pin Descriptions PIN # SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION 1 MODE Mode Selection pin. Connect to logic high or VCC for PWM mode. Connect to logic low or ground for PFM mode. Logic ground enables the IC to automatically choose PFM or PWM operation. There is an internal 5MΩ pull-down resistor to prevent an undefined logic state if MODE is left floating. 2 BOOT Floating bootstrap supply pin for the power MOSFET gate driver. The bootstrap capacitor provides the necessary charge to turn on the internal N-channel MOSFET. Connect an external 100nF capacitor from this pin to PHASE. 3 VIN The input supply for the power stage of the regulator and the source for the internal linear bias regulator. Place a minimum of 10µF ceramic capacitance from VIN to GND and close to the IC for decoupling. 4 PHASE 5 EN Regulator enable input. The regulator and bias LDO are held off when the pin is pulled to ground. When the voltage on this pin rises above 1V, the chip is enabled. Connect this pin to VIN for automatic start-up. Do not connect EN pin to VCC since the LDO is controlled by EN voltage. 6 PG Open drain power-good output that is pulled to ground when the output voltage is below regulation limits or during the soft-start interval. There is an internal 5MΩ internal pull-up resistor. 7 VCC Output of the internal 5V linear bias regulator. Decouple to PGND with a 1µF ceramic capacitor at the pin. 8 FB Feedback pin for the regulator. FB is the inverting input to the voltage loop error amplifier. COMP is the output of the error amplifier. The output voltage is set by an external resistor divider connected to FB. In addition, the PWM regulator’s power-good and UVLO circuits use FB to monitor the regulator output voltage. EPAD GND Signal ground connections. Connect to application board GND plane with at least 5 vias. All voltage levels are measured with respect to this pin. The EPAD MUST not float. Switch node output. It connects the switching FETs with the external output inductor. TABLE 1. EXTERNAL COMPONENT SELECTION (Refer to Figure 1) VOUT (V) C4 (pF) C8 (µF) L1 (µH) R1 (kΩ) R2 (kΩ) 1.0 100 2x22 10 90.9 137 1.2 100 2x22 10 90.9 90.9 1.5 100 2x22 16 90.9 60.4 1.8 100 2x22 16 90.9 45.3 2.5 100 22 22 90.9 28.7 3.3 100 22 33 90.9 20.0 5.0 100 22 47 90.9 12.4 12.0 100 22 100 90.9 4.75 Submit Document Feedback 3 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Functional Block Diagram VIN PG EN FB POWERGOOD LOGIC 5M VCC BIAS LDO EN/SOFTSTART FB FAULT LOGIC 600mV VREF MODE 930mV/A CURRENT SENSE OSCILLATOR 5M PWM/PFM SELECT LOGIC PFM CURRENT SET BOOT FB GATE DRIVE AND PWM DEADTIME PWM s Q R Q ZERO CURRENT DETECTION PHASE PGND 450mV/T SLOPE COMPENSATION (PWM ONLY) 150k INTERNAL = 50µs 54pF INTERNAL COMPENSATION PACKAGE PADDLE GND Ordering Information PART NUMBER (Notes 1, 2, 3) PART MARKING ISL85412FRTZ 5412 ISL85412EVAL1Z Evaluation Board ISL85412DEMO1Z Demonstration Board TEMP. RANGE (°C) -40 to +125 PACKAGE (RoHS Compliant) 8 Ld TDFN PKG. DWG. # L8.3x3H NOTES: 1. Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications. 2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020. 3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL85412. For more information on MSL please see techbrief TB363. Submit Document Feedback 4 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Absolute Maximum Ratings Thermal Information VIN to GND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +43V PHASE to GND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to VIN + 0.3V (DC) PHASE to GND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2V to 44V (20ns) EN to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +43V BOOT to PHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +5.5V COMP, FS, PG, MODE, SS, VCC to GND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +5.9V FB to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +2.95V Junction Temperature Range at 0A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+150°C ESD Rating Human Body Model (Tested per JESD22-A114) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.5kV Charged Device Model (Tested per JESD22-C101E). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1kV Machine Model (Tested per JESD22-A115). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200V Latch-up (Tested per JESD-78A; Class 2, Level A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100mA Thermal Resistance JA (°C/W) JC (°C/W) TDFN Package (Note 4, 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4 Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . . . . . .+150°C Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C Operating Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see TB493 Recommended Operating Conditions Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5V to 40V CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty. NOTES: 4. JA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech Brief TB379 for details. 5. For JC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside. Electrical Specifications TJ = -40°C to +125°C, VIN = 3.5V to 40V, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across the junction temperature range. PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 8) TYP MAX (Note 8 UNITS 40 V SUPPLY VOLTAGE VIN Voltage Range VIN 3.5 VIN Quiescent Supply Current IQ VFB = 0.7V, MODE = 0V 50 VIN Shutdown Supply Current ISD EN = 0V, VIN = 40V (Note 6) 1.8 2.5 µA µA VCC Voltage VCC VIN = 40V 4.5 5.1 5.5 V VIN = 12V; IOUT = 0A to 10mA 4.35 5 5.45 V 3.3 3.46 V POWER-ON RESET VCC POR Threshold Rising Edge Falling Edge 2.76 600 3 V OSCILLATOR Nominal Switching Frequency fSW fSW = VCC Minimum Off-Time tOFF VIN = 3.5V 130 700 784 kHz ns Minimum On-Time tON (Note 9) 90 ns ERROR AMPLIFIER Error Amplifier Transconductance Gain gm 50 VFB = 0.6V FB Leakage Current Current Sense Amplifier Gain RT TA = -40°C to +125°C FB Voltage µA/V 1 100 nA 0.84 0.93 1.02 V/A 0.589 0.599 0.606 V 91 94 % POWER-GOOD Lower PG Threshold - VFB Rising Lower PG Threshold - VFB Falling 81.5 Upper PG Threshold - VFB Rising 85 118 Upper PG Threshold - VFB Falling 121 % 111 % PG Propagation Delay Percentage of the soft-start time 10 % PG Low Voltage ISINK = 3mA, EN = VCC, VFB = 0V 0.05 Submit Document Feedback 107 % 5 0.3 V FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Electrical Specifications TJ = -40°C to +125°C, VIN = 3.5V to 40V, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across the junction temperature range. (Continued) PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 8) TYP MAX (Note 8 UNITS 1.5 2.3 3.1 ms TRACKING AND SOFT-START Internal Soft-Start Ramp Time EN/SS = VCC FAULT PROTECTION Thermal Shutdown Temperature TSD Rising Threshold 150 °C THYS Hysteresis 20 °C Current Limit Blanking Time tOCON 17 Clock pulses Overcurrent and Auto Restart Period tOCOFF 8 SS cycle Positive Peak Current Limit IPLIMIT PFM Peak Current Limit IPK_PFM (Note 7) 0.36 0.4 0.44 A 0.17 0.22 0.27 A -0.33 -0.30 -0.27 A 1300 mΩ Zero Cross Threshold 5 Negative Current Limit INLIMIT (Note 7) mA POWER MOSFET High-side RHDS IPHASE = 100mA, VCC = 5V 900 Low-side RLDS IPHASE = 100mA, VCC = 5V 500 800 mΩ EN = PHASE = 0V 50 300 nA VIN = 40V 10 PHASE Leakage Current PHASE Rise Time tRISE ns EN/MODE Mode Input Threshold Rising Edge, Logic High Falling Edge, Logic Low EN Threshold 1.3 0.4 Rising Edge, Logic High 1.2 Falling Edge, Logic Low 0.4 EN Logic Input Leakage Current EN = 0V/40V -0.5 MODE Logic Input Leakage Current MODE = 0V MODE Pull-down Resistor 1.45 1.0 V V 1.45 0.9 V V 0.5 µA 10 100 nA 5 6.15 MΩ NOTES: 6. Test Condition: VIN = 40V, FB forced above regulation point (0.6V), no switching, and power MOSFET gate charging current not included. 7. Established by both current sense amplifier gain test and current sense amplifier output test at IL = 0A. 8. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization and are not production tested. 9. Minimum On-Time required to maintain loop stability. Submit Document Feedback 6 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 fSW = 700kHz, TA = +25°C, CIN = 20µF 100 100 90 90 80 1.5VOUT 70 1.8VOUT EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) Efficiency Curves 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 60 1.0VOUT 50 40 0 80 1.8VOUT 70 1.5VOUT 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 0.12 40 0.15 1.0VOUT 0 100 100 90 90 80 70 60 1.2VOUT 3.3VOUT 50 1.0VOUT 40 0 0.03 1.8VOUT 40 0.15 1.5VOUT 90 90 80 70 1.2VOUT 50 40 1.8VOUT 1.0VOUT 0 0.03 0.06 0.09 3.3VOUT 12VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0 OUTPUT LOAD (A) FIGURE 7. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD, PFM, VIN = 24V Submit Document Feedback 7 0.03 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 2.5VOUT 0.12 0.15 0.15 5.0VOUT 12VOUT 80 70 60 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 50 5.0VOUT 0.12 EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 100 2.5VOUT 5.0VOUT 2.5VOUT FIGURE 6. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD, PWM, VIN = 12V 100 1.5VOUT 0.15 3.3VOUT 1.8VOUT 60 FIGURE 5. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD, PFM, VIN = 12V 60 0.12 70 50 0.12 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 80 5.0VOUT 2.5VOUT 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 0.03 FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD, PWM, VIN = 5V EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) FIGURE 3. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD, PFM, VIN = 5V 1.5VOUT 3.3VOUT 1.2VOUT 60 50 0.03 2.5VOUT 40 1.8VOUT 1.0VOUT 0 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 OUTPUT LOAD (A) FIGURE 8. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD, PWM, VIN = 24V FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Efficiency Curves fSW = 700kHz, TA = +25°C, CIN = 20µF (Continued) 100 100 12VOUT 5.0VOUT 90 5.0VOUT 90 12VOUT EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 3.3VOUT 80 70 60 50 40 0 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 2.5VOUT 0.03 0.06 0.09 3.3VOUT 70 2.5VOUT 60 50 1.8VOUT 0.12 80 40 0.15 1.2VOUT 0 0.03 0.06 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 0.15 1.23 5VIN PFM 5VIN PFM 24VIN PFM 1.010 12VIN PFM 1.005 1.000 0.995 12VIN PWM 5VIN PWM 0 0.03 24VIN PWM 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 0.12 1.19 36VIN PFM 24VIN PFM 1.50 5VIN PWM 1.47 0 12VIN PWM 0.03 24VIN PWM 0.06 0.09 36VIN PWM 0.12 0.15 OUTPUT LOAD (A) FIGURE 13. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, PWM, VOUT = 1.5V Submit Document Feedback 8 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.82 1.49 12VIN PWM 36VIN PWM 0 0.03 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 0.12 0.15 FIGURE 12. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, VOUT = 1.2V 1.55 1.52 5VIN PWM 1.18 1.83 12VIN PFM 12VIN PFM 1.20 1.56 5VIN PFM 36VIN PFM 1.21 1.17 0.15 FIGURE 11. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, VOUT = 1V 1.53 24VIN PFM 1.22 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.015 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.12 FIGURE 10. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD, PWM, VIN = 36V 1.020 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.09 1.8VOUT OUTPUT LOAD (A) FIGURE 9. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD, PFM, VIN = 36V 0.990 1.5VOUT 5VIN PFM 24VIN PFM 12VIN PFM 36VIN PFM 1.81 1.80 5VIN PWM 1.79 12VIN PWM 24VIN PWM 36VIN PWM 1.78 1.77 0 0.03 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 0.12 0.15 FIGURE 14. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, VOUT = 1.8V FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Efficiency Curves 2.55 fSW = 700kHz, TA = +25°C, CIN = 20µF (Continued) 2.54 2.53 12VIN PFM 24VIN PFM 2.52 2.51 12VIN PWM 5VIN PWM 2.50 2.49 24VIN PWM 0 0.03 36VIN PWM 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 0.12 3.31 3.30 5VIN PWM 0.15 12.28 12VIN PFM 36VIN PFM 24VIN PFM 5.00 4.98 12VIN PWM 0 0.03 36VIN PWM 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 0.12 FIGURE 17. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, VOUT = 5V Submit Document Feedback 9 36VIN PWM 0 0.03 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 0.12 0.15 FIGURE 16. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, VOUT = 3.3V 5.03 4.95 12VIN PWM 24VIN PWM OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 24VIN PFM 12.35 24VIN PWM 36VIN PFM 3.32 5.04 4.97 5VIN PFM 3.33 3.29 FIGURE 15. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, VOUT = 2.5V 5.01 12VIN PFM 3.34 36VIN PFM OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.35 5VIN PFM 0.15 24VIN PFM 12.20 12.13 36VIN PFM 12.05 24VIN PWM 11.98 11.90 0 0.03 36VIN PWM 0.06 0.09 OUTPUT LOAD (A) 0.12 0.15 FIGURE 18. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD, VOUT = 12V FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Typical Performance Curves COUT = 22µF. VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, fSW = 700kHz, TA = +25°C, CIN = 20µF, PHASE 10V/DIV PHASE 10V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VEN 10V/DIV VEN 10V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 1ms/DIV 1ms/DIV FIGURE 19. START-UP AT NO LOAD, PFM FIGURE 20. START-UP AT NO LOAD, PWM PHASE 10V/DIV PHASE 10V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VEN 10V/DIV VEN 10V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 100ms/DIV FIGURE 21. SHUTDOWN IN NO LOAD, PFM 100ms/DIV FIGURE 22. SHUTDOWN AT NO LOAD, PWM PHASE 10V/DIV PHASE 10V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VEN 10V/DIV VEN 10V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 1ms/DIV 2ms/DIV FIGURE 23. START-UP AT 150mA, PWM FIGURE 24. SHUTDOWN AT 150mA, PWM Submit Document Feedback 10 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Typical Performance Curves COUT = 22µF. (Continued) VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, fSW = 700kHz, TA = +25°C, CIN = 20µF, PHASE 10V/DIV PHASE 10V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VEN 10V/DIV VEN 10V/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 1ms/DIV 5ms/DIV FIGURE 25. START-UP AT 150mA, PFM FIGURE 26. SHUTDOWN AT 150mA, PFM VIN 10V/DIV VIN 10V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV IL 100mA/DIV IL 100mA/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 1ms/DIV 1ms/DIV FIGURE 27. START-UP VIN AT 150mA LOAD, PFM FIGURE 28. START-UP VIN AT 150mA LOAD, PWM VIN 10V/DIV VIN 10V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV IL 100mA/DIV IL 100mA/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 5ms/DIV 5ms/DIV FIGURE 29. SHUTDOWN VIN AT 150mA LOAD, PFM FIGURE 30. SHUTDOWN VIN AT 150mA LOAD, PWM Submit Document Feedback 11 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Typical Performance Curves COUT = 22µF. (Continued) VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, fSW = 700kHz, TA = +25°C, CIN = 20µF, PHASE 10V/DIV PHASE 10V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VIN 10v/DIV VIN 10v/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 1ms/DIV 1ms/DIV FIGURE 31. START-UP VIN AT NO LOAD, PFM FIGURE 32. START-UP VIN AT NO LOAD, PWM PHASE 10V/DIV PHASE 10V/DIV VOUT 1V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VIN 5v/DIV VIN 10v/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 100ms/DIV 100ms/DIV FIGURE 33. SHUTDOWN VIN AT NO LOAD, PFM FIGURE 34. SHUTDOWN VIN AT NO LOAD, PWM PHASE 1V/DIV PHASE 1V/DIV 100ns/DIV 100ns/DIV FIGURE 35. JITTER AT NO LOAD, PWM FIGURE 36. JITTER AT FULL LOAD, PWM Submit Document Feedback 12 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Typical Performance Curves VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, fSW = 700kHz, TA = +25°C, CIN = 20µF, PHASE 10V/DIV PHASE 10V/DIV VOUT RIPPLE 20mV/DIV VOUT RIPPLE 20mV/DIV COUT = 22µF. (Continued) IL 100mA/DIV IL 100mA/DIV 5ms/DIV 1µs/DIV FIGURE 37. STEADY STATE AT NO LOAD, PFM FIGURE 38. STEADY STATE AT NO LOAD, PWM PHASE 10V/DIV VOUT 20mV/DIV IL 100mA/DIV PHASE 10V/DIV VOUT 20mV/DIV IL 100mA/DIV 1µs/DIV 2µs/DIV FIGURE 39. STEADY STATE AT 150mA LOAD, PWM FIGURE 40. STEADY STATE AT 20mA LOAD, PFM VOUT RIPPLE 100mV/DIV IL 100mA/DIV VOUT RIPPLE 50mV/DIV IL 100mA/DIV 200µs/DIV 200µs/DIV FIGURE 41. LOAD TRANSIENT, PFM FIGURE 42. LOAD TRANSIENT, PWM Submit Document Feedback 13 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Typical Performance Curves COUT = 22µF. (Continued) VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, fSW = 700kHz, TA = +25°C, CIN = 20µF, PHASE 10V/DIV PHASE 10V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV IL 500mA/DIV IL 500mA/DIV PG 5V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 20µs/DIV 10ms/DIV FIGURE 43. OUTPUT SHORT CIRCUIT FIGURE 44. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION PHASE1 10V/DIV PHASE1 10V/DIV VOUT1 RIPPLE 20mV/DIV VOUT1 RIPPLE 20mV/DIV IL 50mA/DIV IL 50mA/DIV 10µs/DIV 5µs/DIV FIGURE 45. PFM TO PWM TRANSITION PHASE 10V/DIV FIGURE 46. PWM TO PFM TRANSITION VOUT 2V/DIV IL 200mA/DIV VOUT 2V/DIV PG 2V/DIV PG 5V/DIV 10µs/DIV FIGURE 47. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION Submit Document Feedback 14 200ms/DIV FIGURE 48. OVERTEMPERATURE PROTECTION FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Detailed Description The ISL85412 combines a synchronous buck PWM controller with integrated power switches. The buck controller drives internal high-side and low-side N-channel MOSFETs to deliver load current up to 150mA. The buck regulator can operate from an unregulated DC source, such as a battery, with a voltage ranging from +3.5V to +40V. An internal LDO provides bias to the low voltage portions of the IC. Peak current mode control is utilized to simplify feedback loop compensation and reject input voltage variation. User selectable internal feedback loop compensation further simplifies design. The ISL85412 switches at a default 700kHz. The buck regulator is equipped with an internal current sensing circuit and the peak current limit threshold is typically set at 0.4A. Power-On Reset The ISL85412 automatically initializes upon receipt of the input power supply and continually monitors the EN pin state. If EN is held below its logic rising threshold, the IC is held in shutdown and consumes typically 1.8µA from the VIN supply. If EN exceeds its logic rising threshold, the regulator will enable the bias LDO and begin to monitor the VCC pin voltage. When the VCC pin voltage clears its rising POR threshold, the controller will initialize the switching regulator circuits. If VCC never clears the rising POR threshold, the controller will not allow the switching regulator to operate. If VCC falls below its falling POR threshold while the switching regulator is operating, the switching regulator will be shut down until VCC returns. Soft-Start To avoid large inrush current, VOUT is slowly increased at start-up to its final regulated value in 2.3ms. A PWM cycle begins when a clock pulse sets the PWM latch and the upper FET is turned on. Current begins to ramp up in the upper FET and inductor. This current is sensed (VCSA), converted to a voltage and summed with the slope compensation signal. This combined signal is compared to VCOMP and when the signal is equal to VCOMP, the latch is reset. Upon latch reset the upper FET is turned off and the lower FET turned on allowing current to ramp down in the inductor. The lower FET will remain on until the clock initiates another PWM cycle. Figure 49 shows the typical operating waveforms during the PWM operation. The dotted lines illustrate the sum of the current sense and slope compensation signal. Output voltage is regulated as the error amplifier varies its output and thus output inductor current. The error amplifier is a transconductance type and its output is terminated with a series RC (150k/54pF) network to GND. The transconductance of the error amplifier is 50µs. Its noninverting input is internally connected to a 600mV reference voltage and its inverting input is connected to the output voltage via the FB pin and its associated divider network. VCOMP VCSA DUTY CYCLE IL VOUT FIGURE 49. PWM OPERATION WAVEFORMS Power-Good Light Load Operation PG is the open-drain output of a window comparator that continuously monitors the buck regulator output voltage via the FB pin. PG is actively held low when EN is low and during the buck regulator soft-start period. After the soft-start period completes, PG becomes high impedance provided the FB pin is within the range specified in the “Electrical Specifications” on page 5. Should FB exit the specified window, PG will be pulled low until FB returns. Over-temperature faults also force PG low until the fault condition is cleared by an attempt to soft-start. There is an internal 5MΩ internal pull-up resistor. At light loads, converter efficiency may be improved by enabling variable frequency operation (PFM). Connecting the MODE pin to GND will allow the controller to choose such operation automatically when the load current is low. Figure 50 shows the PFM operation. The IC enters the PFM mode of operation when 8 consecutive cycles of inductor current crossing zero are detected. This corresponds to a load current equal to 1/2 the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current and set by Equation 1: PWM Control Scheme The ISL85412 employs peak current-mode pulse-width modulation (PWM) control for fast transient response and pulse-by-pulse current limiting, as shown in the “Functional Block Diagram” on page 4. The current loop consists of the current sensing circuit, slope compensation ramp, PWM comparator, oscillator and latch. Current sense transresistance is typically 930mV/A and slope compensation rate, Se, is typically 450mV/T where T is the switching cycle period. The control reference for the current loop comes from the error amplifier’s output. Submit Document Feedback 15 V OUT 1 – D I OUT = ----------------------------------2Lf SW (EQ. 1) where D = duty cycle, fSW = switching frequency, L = inductor value, IOUT = output loading current, VOUT = output voltage. While operating in PFM mode, the regulator controls the output voltage with a simple comparator and pulsed FET current. A comparator signals the point at which FB is equal to the 600mV reference at which time the regulator begins providing pulses of current until FB is moved above the 600mV reference by 1%. The current pulses are approximately 200mA and are issued at a frequency equal to the converter’s PWM operating frequency. FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 PWM PFM PULSE SKIP PFM PWM CLOCK 8 CYCLES IL LOAD CURRENT 0 VOUT FIGURE 50. PFM MODE OPERATION WAVEFORMS Due to the pulsed current nature of PFM mode, the converter can supply limited current to the load. Should load current rise beyond the limit, VOUT will begin to decline. A second comparator signals an FB voltage 1% lower than the 600mV reference and forces the converter to return to PWM operation. Output Voltage Selection The regulator output voltage is easily programmed using an external resistor divider to scale VOUT relative to the internal reference voltage. The scaled voltage is applied to the inverting input of the error amplifier; refer to Figure 51. The output voltage programming resistor, R2, depends on the value chosen for the feedback resistor, R1 and the desired output voltage, VOUT, of the regulator. Equation 2 describes the relationship between VOUT and resistor values. R 1 x0.6V R 2 = ---------------------------------V OUT – 0.6V (EQ. 2) If the desired output voltage is 0.6V, then R2 is left unpopulated and R1 is 0Ω. VOUT FB + - EA R1 R2 0.6V REFERENCE FIGURE 51. EXTERNAL RESISTOR DIVIDER Protection Features The ISL85412 is protected from overcurrent, negative overcurrent and over-temperature. The protection circuits operate automatically. Overcurrent Protection During PWM on-time, current through the upper FET is monitored and compared to a nominal 0.4A peak overcurrent limit. In the Submit Document Feedback 16 event that current reaches the limit, the upper FET will be turned off until the next switching cycle. In this way, FET peak current is always well limited. If the overcurrent condition persists for 17 sequential clock cycles, the regulator will begin its hiccup sequence. In this case, both FETs will be turned off and PG will be pulled low. This condition will be maintained for 8 soft-start periods after which the regulator will attempt a normal soft-start. Should the output fault persist, the regulator will repeat the hiccup sequence indefinitely. There is no danger even if the output is shorted during soft-start. If VOUT is shorted very quickly, FB may collapse below 5/8ths of its target value before 17 cycles of overcurrent are detected. The ISL85412 recognizes this condition and will begin to lower its switching frequency proportional to the FB pin voltage. This insures that under no circumstance (even with VOUT near 0V) will the inductor current run away. Negative Current Limit Should an external source somehow drive current into VOUT, the controller will attempt to regulate VOUT by reversing its inductor current to absorb the externally sourced current. In the event that the external source is low impedance, current may be reversed to unacceptable levels and the controller will initiate its negative current limit protection. Similar to normal overcurrent, the negative current protection is realized by monitoring the current through the lower FET. When the valley point of the inductor current reaches negative current limit, the lower FET is turned off and the upper FET is forced on until current reaches the positive current limit or an internal clock signal is issued. At this point, the lower FET is allowed to operate. Should the current again be pulled to the negative limit on the next cycle, the upper FET will again be forced on and current will be forced to 1/6th of the positive current limit. At this point the controller will turn off both FETs and wait for error amplifier’s output to indicate return to normal operation. During this time, the controller will apply a 100Ω load from PHASE to PGND and attempt to discharge the output. Negative current limit is a pulse-by-pulse style operation and recovery is automatic. Negative current limit protection is disabled in PFM operating mode because reverse current is not allowed to build due to the diode emulation behavior of the lower FET. FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Over-Temperature Protection Over-temperature protection limits maximum junction temperature in the ISL85412. When junction temperature (TJ) exceeds +150°C, both FETs are turned off and the controller waits for temperature to decrease by approximately 20°C. During this time PG is pulled low. When temperature is within an acceptable range, the controller will initiate a normal soft-start sequence. For continuous operation, the +125°C junction temperature rating should not be exceeded. Boot Undervoltage Protection If the Boot capacitor voltage falls below 1.8V, the Boot undervoltage protection circuit will turn on the lower FET for 400ns to recharge the capacitor. This operation may arise during long periods of no switching such as PFM no load situations. In PWM operation near dropout (VIN near VOUT), the regulator may hold the upper FET on for multiple clock cycles. To prevent the boot capacitor from discharging, the lower FET is forced on for approximately 200ns every 34 clock cycles. Application Guidelines manufacturers publish capacitance vs DC bias so that this effect can be easily accommodated. The effects of AC voltage are not frequently published, but an assumption of ~20% further reduction will generally suffice. The result of these considerations may mean an effective capacitance 50% lower than nominal and this value should be used in all design calculations. Nonetheless, ceramic capacitors are a very good choice in many applications due to their reliability and extremely low ESR. The following equations allow calculation of the required capacitance to meet a desired ripple voltage level. Additional capacitance may be used. For the ceramic capacitors (low ESR): I V OUTripple = ------------------------------------8 f SW C OUT (EQ. 4) Where I is the inductor’s peak-to-peak ripple current, fSW is the switching frequency and COUT is the output capacitor. If using electrolytic capacitors then: V OUTripple = I*ESR (EQ. 5) Simplifying the Design Layout Considerations Table 1 on page 3 provides component value selections for a variety of output voltages and will allow the designer to implement solutions with a minimum of effort. Proper layout of the power converter will minimize EMI and noise and insure first pass success of the design. PCB layouts are provided in multiple formats on the Intersil web site. In addition, Figure 52 will make clear the important points in PCB layout. In reality, PCB layout of the ISL85412 is quite simple. Output Inductor Selection The inductor value determines the converter’s ripple current. Choosing an inductor current requires a somewhat arbitrary choice of ripple current, I. A reasonable starting point is 30% of total load current. The inductor value can then be calculated using Equation 3: V IN – V OUT V OUT L = -------------------------------- ---------------V IN F S I (EQ. 3) Increasing the value of inductance reduces the ripple current and thus, the ripple voltage. However, the larger inductance value may reduce the converter’s response time to a load transient. The inductor current rating should be such that it will not saturate in overcurrent conditions. For typical ISL85412 applications, inductor values generally lies in the 10µH to 47µH range. In general, higher VOUT will mean higher inductance. Buck Regulator Output Capacitor Selection An output capacitor is required to filter the inductor current. The current mode control loop allows the use of low ESR ceramic capacitors and thus supports very small circuit implementations on the PC board. Electrolytic and polymer capacitors may also be used. A multi-layer printed circuit board with GND plane is recommended. Figure 52 shows the connections of the critical components in the converter. Note that capacitors CIN and COUT could each represent multiple physical capacitors. The most critical connections are to tie the PGND pin to the package GND pad and then use vias to directly connect the GND pad to the system GND plane. This connection of the GND pad to system plane insures a low impedance path for all return current, as well as an excellent thermal path to dissipate heat. With this connection made, place the high frequency MLCC input capacitor near the VIN pin and use vias directly at the capacitor pad to tie the capacitor to the system GND plane. The boot capacitor is easily placed on the PCB side opposite the controller IC and 2 vias directly connect the capacitor to BOOT and PHASE. Place a 1µF MLCC near the VCC pin and directly connect its return with a via to the system GND plane. Place the feedback divider close to the FB pin and do not route any feedback components near PHASE or BOOT. While ceramic capacitors offer excellent overall performance and reliability, the actual in-circuit capacitance must be considered. Ceramic capacitors are rated using large peak-to-peak voltage swings and with no DC bias. In the DC/DC converter application, these conditions do not reflect reality. As a result, the actual capacitance may be considerably lower than the advertised value. Consult the manufacturers data sheet to determine the actual in-application capacitance. Most Submit Document Feedback 17 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 FIGURE 52. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD POWER PLANES AND ISLANDS Revision History The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make sure you have the latest revision. DATE REVISION CHANGE March 13, 2015 FN8378.1 Upgraded the max nom VIN from 36V to 40V and abs max to 43V. - On page 1 - Changed all "36V" occurrences on to "40V" and also changed "36V" to "40V" in the Typical Application diagram. - On page 5 - Changed in the Abs Max Ratings: "42V" to "43V" (twice) and "43V" to "44V" (once) and in the Recommended Operating Conditions "36V" to "40V". On pages 5 and 6 - In the EC table, changed "36V" to "40V" all occurrences . - on page 15 - Changed the occurrence "36V" to "40V" in the "Detailed Description". April 11, 2014 FN8378.0 Initial Release. About Intersil Intersil Corporation is a leading provider of innovative power management and precision analog solutions. The company's products address some of the largest markets within the industrial and infrastructure, mobile computing and high-end consumer markets. For the most updated datasheet, application notes, related documentation and related parts, please see the respective product information page found at www.intersil.com. You may report errors or suggestions for improving this datasheet by visiting www.intersil.com/ask. Reliability reports are also available from our website at www.intersil.com/support. For additional products, see www.intersil.com/en/products.html Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9001 quality systems as noted in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com Submit Document Feedback 18 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015 ISL85412 Package Outline Drawing L8.3x3H 8 LEAD THIN DUAL FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE (TDFN) Rev 0, 2/08 2.38 1.50 REF 3.00 A PIN #1 INDEX AREA 6 PIN 1 INDEX AREA 6 X 0.50 6 B 1 8 X 0.40 4 2.20 3.00 (4X) 1.64 0.15 5 8 0.10 M C A B TOP VIEW 8 X 0.25 BOTTOM VIEW ( 2.38 ) SEE DETAIL "X" 0 .80 MAX 0.10 C C BASE PLANE SEATING PLANE 0.08 C 2 . 80 ( 2 .20 ) SIDE VIEW ( 1.64 ) C 0.2 REF 8X 0.60 0 . 00 MIN. 0 . 05 MAX. ( 8X 0.25 ) DETAIL “X” ( 6X 0 . 5 ) NOTES: TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN 1. Dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only. 2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994. 3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05 4. Lead width dimension applies to the metallized terminal and is measured between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip. 5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature. 6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be either a mold or mark feature. Submit Document Feedback 19 FN8378.1 March 13, 2015