Flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 Large photodiode area (120 × 120 mm) The C7942CA-22 is a compact, lightweight digital X-ray image sensor developed as a key device for non-destructive inspection, biochemical imaging, and X-ray microscopy. High-resolution, high-definition digital X-ray images can be acquired in real time. Features Applications 2400 × 2400 pixels Non-destructive inspection (off-line only) 12-bit digital output Digital X-ray photography High-speed imaging: 2 frames/s (single operation) 9 frames/s (4 × 4 binning) Low noise and wide dynamic range Configuration PIXEL NUMBER 1 2 2339 2400 2401 4799 4800 SCINTILLATOR (120 × 120 mm) PHOTODIODE ARRAY 5759999 AMP ARRAY No. 1 VERTICAL SHIFT REGISTER The C7942CA-22 is comprised of a sensor board and a control board. Mounted on the sensor board is a CMOS image sensor chip made up of a tow-dimensional photodiode array, row-scanning vertical shift register, and 8 charge amplifier arrays. Each charge amplifier array has a horizontal shift register and consists of 300 ch charge amplifiers with CDS circuit. A CsI scintillator plate is mounted on the two-dimensional photodiode array. X-rays incident on the scintillator are converted to fluorescence, which then enters the two-dimensional photodiode array where electric charge is accumulated in each pixel according to the light intensity. The accumulated charge on each row is sequentially selected by the row-scanning vertical shift register, transferred to the amplifiers through the data line, and converted to a voltage signal. Then an analog signal is sent out from each amplifier array by scanning the horizontal shift register. The control board converts the analog signal into a 12-bit digital signal, which is then sent to a frame grabber board as a 12-bit parallel output through one port. 5760000 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY A.vdd, D.vdd, V (±7.5) (not attached) IntExt BINNING (bin0, bin1) TIMING PULSE GENERATOR AMP ARRAY No. 8 OSCILLATOR ExtTrgLemo ExtTrgGrb Vsync Hsync Pclk BIAS GENERATOR BUFFER AMP PROCESSING AMP A/D FIFO BUFFER AMP PROCESSING AMP A/D FIFO VIDEO OUTPUT (12 BIT DIGITAL) Note: Signals are read out in order of pixel number. KACCC0216EB www.hamamatsu.com 1 Flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 Structure Parameter Pixel size Photodiode area Number of pixels Number of active pixels Readout Video output (Data1-12) Output data rate Synchronous signal (Vsync, Hsync, Pclk) bin0/1, ExtTrgGrb, ExtTrgLemo, IntExt Scintillator Specifications 50 × 50 120 × 120 2400 × 2400 2240 × 2344 Charge amplifier array RS-422 (differential), 12-bit 15.15 RS-422 (differential) TTL CsI Unit μm mm pixels pixels MHz - Absolute maximum ratings (Ta=25 °C) Parameter Symbol Value Unit Supply voltage for digital circuitry (+5 V) D.vdd +6.0 V Supply voltage for analog circuitry (+5 V) A.vdd +6.0 V Supply voltage for analog circuitry (±7.5 V) V(±7.5) ±12 V Input voltage (bin0/1, ExtTrgGrb, ExtTrgLemo, IntExt) Vin 0 to 6.0 V Topr 0 to +40 °C Operating temperature*1 Tstg -10 to +60 °C Storage temperature*1 Incident X-ray energy 100 kVp D 1 (8730) MR (Gy) Total warranty dose*2 *1: No condensation When there is a temperature difference between a product and the surrounding area in high humidity environment, dew condensation may occur on the product surface. Dew condensation on the product may cause deterioration in characteristics and reliability. *2: Incident X-ray energy 100 kVp or less Note: Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings even momentarily may cause a drop in product quality. Always be sure to use the product within the absolute maximum ratings. Specifications [Ta=25 °C, A.vdd= 5.0 V, D.vdd= 5.0 V, V(±7.5)= ±7.5 V] Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Frame rate (single operation) Sf(int) 1.9 2 frames/s Frame rate (2 × 2 binning) 4 frames/s Frame rate (4 × 4 binning) 9 frames/s Frame rate external (single operation) Sf(ext) Sf(int) to 0.1 frames/s N(rms) 1100 electrons Noise (rms)*2 Saturation charge Csat 2.2 M electrons S 20 (2.3) 25 (2.9) LSB/mR (LSB/μGy) Sensitivity*3 Reso 6 8 line pairs/mm Resolution*4 Dynamic range 2000 20 lines Defect line*5 600 μm Blemish*6 4 % Non-uniformity of sensitivity*6 Not allowed Defect cluster*6 120 % Bright line output adjacent to a defect line*6 Output offset*6 65 200 LSB *2: Internal trigger mode, single operation *3: at 80 kVp without filter *4: Spatial frequency at CTF=5 % *5: A defect line is a horizontal or vertical line containing 4 or more cosecutive pixels located at the opposite side of an amplifier array or a shift register, that produce 1/8 of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. Adjacent defective lines are not allowed in the vertical or horizontal directions. *6: See P. 7, 8, “Description of terms” *7: Average of all effective pixels in single operation at Sf(int) Note: X-ray energy range is 20 k to 100 kVp. 2 Flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 Resolution [Ta=25 °C, A.vdd=5.0 V, D.vdd=5.0 V, V (±7.5 V)=±7.5 V] 100 90 80 CTF (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Spatial frequency (line pairs/mm) KACCB0202EB Output vs. X-ray dose (X-ray source: 80 kVp, no filter, single operation) 5000 Output (LSB) 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 50 100 150 161 200 X-ray dose (mR) KACCB0410EA 3 Flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 Timing chart Internal trigger mode To acquire images through a frame grabber board, write parameters in the software program or parameter file by referring to the following timing chart and description. 1 frame (Tvc) Dummy lines Vsync+ (grabber) 1st row 2nd row Tvdpw He 1st row 2nd row Last row All pulses are counted in the “High” period of Hsync+. Hsync+ (grabber) Enlarged view Vsync+ (grabber) 1st row 2nd row Hsync+ (grabber) Phe Pg Phe Phd Phe Phd Pclk+ (grabber) All pulses are counted at the riging edge of Pclk+. The effective video output is only included in the “Phe” period. KACCC0362EC Parameter He Phe Effective line Dummy line Effective pixel Dummy pixel Phd Pg Note: “He” is the Hsync count. Phe, Phd and Pg are the Pclk count. Count 2×2 binning 1172 28 1120 80 1726 21 Single operation (1 × 1) 2344 56 2240 160 526 21 4×4 binning 586 14 560 40 2326 21 External trigger mode To acquire images in external trigger mode, input an external trigger pulse as shown below. When the time Tvd has passed after the rising edge of the external trigger pulse, synchronous signals and video signals are obtained. When used in synchronization with a pulsed X-ray source, X-rays should be irradiated during the Txray period. 40-pin receptacle Mode Pin No. 17 Pin No. 37 (ExtTrgGrb) (IntExt) Internal trigger (Input signal is Low mode ignored.) Rectangular signal External trigger (See the right figure.) High mode High or Open 2-pin receptacle Pin No. 1 (ExtTrgLemo) (Input signal is ignored.) High or Open Rectangular signal (See the right figure.) Frame time (Tvc to Tmax) Recommendation: 50 % of frame time ExtTrgLemo ExtTrgGrb (TTL) Tvd Tvc - Tvdpw Txray Tvl Vsync+ (RS-422) Hsync+, Pclk+ and effective video output are the same as internal trigger mode. · Tmax is defined as the reciprocal of the minimum value of Sf(ext). · Txray = Frame time - Tvd - (Tvc - Tvdpw) · Tvl = Frame time - (Tvc - Tvdpw) KACCC0341ED (Typ.) Parameter Delay time (only external trigger mode) Vsync Cycle time (internal trigger mode) Pulse width of Vsync+ in low period (internal trigger mode) Note: The numbers of significant figures is two. (except Tvc) Symbol Tvd Tvc Tvdpw Single operation 390 470 770 2×2 binning 390 230 770 4×4 binning 390 117 770 Unit μs ms μs 4 Flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 Accessories O Power cable (terminated with an FGG.2B.307.CLAD92Z plug at one end and open at the other end; 2 m; see Table 2.) O External trigger cable (terminated with an FFA.0S.302.CLAC37 plug at one end and open at the other end; 5 m; see Table 3.) O Earth cable (AWG18; 4 m) The image acquisition software and image processing libraries are not included with the flat panel sensor. System requirements To operate the C7942CA-22 at full performance, the following system and peripherals are required. O PC: Prepare a PC that meets the specifications of the frame grabber board while taking the required image processing capability into account. O Frame grabber board: Monochrome 16 bits or more, pixel clock 16 MHz or more, RS-422 interface synchronous signal O Power source: A.vdd = +5.0 ± 0.1 V (1000 mA), D.vdd = +5.0 ± 0.1 V (1000 mA), V(±7.5 V) = ±7.5 V ± 0.5 V (±100 mA) · The voltages described above are specified at the flat panel sensor side. The impedance of the power cable attached with the flat panel sensor is low enough but it causes 0.1 V approx. drop. Therefore the voltage at the power source side should be set 0.1 V higher than the voltage specified above. · Please use a low noise series power supply. (Avoid using a switching power supply.) · Install a noise filter on the AC power input line to prevent surges on the AC line. · Always ground the ground terminal to avoid the effects of noise from peripheral devices. O Frame grabber board cable (sold separately, see P. 8.): For synchronous signal, video output and external control (see Table 1.) [Table 1] Pin assignment of 40-pin receptacle Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Signal Data1+ (LSB) Data2+ Data3+ Data4+ Data5+ Data6+ Data7+ Data8+ Data9+ Data10+ Data11+ Data12+ (MSB) Reserved Reserved bin0 (TTL) bin1 (TTL) ExtTrgGrb (TTL) Vsync+ Hsync+ Pclk+ Pin No. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Signal Data1- (LSB) Data2Data3Data4Data5Data6Data7Data8Data9Data10Data11Data12- (MSB) Reserved Reserved GND GND IntExt (TTL) VsyncHsyncPclk- Unless otherwise noted, signal level is RS-422. 40-pin receptacle: 10240-52B2PL made by 3M Co. Ltd. Mating plug: 10140-6000EL made by 3M Co. Ltd. 5 Flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 [Table 2] Power pin assignment and cable color Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Shield Color Brown Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Purple - Signal +7.5 V Analog GND -7.5 V Analog GND Analog +5 V Digital GND Digital +5 V Analog GND 7-pin power receptacle: ECG.2B.307.CLV made by LEMO S.A. Mating power plug: FGG.2B.307.CLAD92Z made by LEMO S.A. [Table 3] External trigger pin assignment and cable color Pin No. 1 2 Shield Color Red Black - Signal ExtTrgLemo (TTL) Signal GND Analog GND 2-pin receptacle: ECP.0S.302.CLL made by LEMO S.A Mating plug: FFA.0S.302.CLAC37 made by LEMO S.A. Binning mode The C7942CA-22 has binning mode for reading out signals from multiple pixels at a time. The binning mode setting can be changed by using I/O port. [Table 4] Binning mode setting (Grabber interface: 40-pin receptacle) Pin No. Operating mode No. 15 (bin0) Low High High Single operation (1 × 1) 2 × 2 binning 4 × 4 binning No. 16 (bin1) Low Low High Connection example Install the frame grabber board into the PC by the manufacturer’s instructions. When a general-purpose frame grabber board with I/O control is used, the binning mode or trigger mode can be set by controlling bin0, bin1, IntExt, and ExtTrgGrb through the I/O line. OS + image acquisition software Video output (12-bit digital) Vsync, Hsync, Pclk Frame grabber board X-ray source Binning (bin0, bin1) IntExt ExtTrgGrb PC/AT (Rear view) Monitor ExtTrgLemo CMOS FLAT PANEL SENSOR C7942CA-22 C7942CA-22 Voltage source [A.vdd, D.vdd, V(±7.5)] KACCC0476EB 6 Flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 Dimensional outline (unit: mm, tolerance: ±1 mm unless otherwise noted) 200 28 150* 48 EXT.TRIG 165* 15 (2239,2343) 55 DIGITAL OUT (0, 0) 27* 17* 12.4 Active area 112 12 (4 ×) M3 depth 4 37 POWER Active area 117.2 CMOS FLAT PANEL SENSOR C7942CA-22 198 22.9 33.5 43 Scintillator to top cover 8* CMOS FLAT PANEL SENSOR C7942CA-22 12.4 127* 33* Top cover is made of aluminum 1.0 mm thick. Weight: 2.4 kg *±0.5 mm KACCA0248EB Notice · Do not subject the flat panel sensors to strong vibration or shock (Strong shock such as drop impacts may cause permanent damage to these sensors). · Users must take responsibility for implementing X-ray shielding safety measures to avoid the risk of X-ray exposure. · Data listed in this datasheet is defined at the time of shipment. Characteristics may vary somewhat due to exposure to X-rays so take proper coutermeasures such as making periodic image correction. · This product is warranted for a period of 12 months after the date of the shipment. The warranty is limited to make a replacement or repair of any defective product due to defects in workmanship or materials used in manufacture. The warranty does not cover loss or damage caused by natural disaster, misuse (including modifications and any use not complying with the environment, application, usage and storage conditions described in this datasheet), or total radiation dose over 1 MR (incident X-ray energy: less than 100 kVp) even within the warranty period. · As described above, flat panel sensors have limited resistance to radiation. This must be taken into account when using a flat panel sensor under continuous irradiation (This sensor cannot be used for in-line application). · When using flat panel sensors in non-destructive inspection equipment, please contact us and provide information such as irradiation conditions. Guideline on the regular replacement period of consumables The characteristics of the flat panel sensor degrade when it is subject to X-ray irradiation. The scintillator undergoes discoloration causing the flat panel sensor’s sensitivity to be reduced, and dark output increases as the photodiodes are damaged. The photodiodes’ dark output may also increase locally. In addition to regularly acquiring images for correction, consider regularly replacing the flat panel sensor as a consumable product. As a guideline on the regular replacement period of the flat panel sensor, the period until the total warranty dose is reached can be used. The period until the total warranty dose is reached can be calculated simply using the following formula. Period until the total warranty dose is reached [day] = Total warranty dose [MR] × Minimum sensitivity [LSB/mR] × 0.7* Saturation output [LSB/frame] × Maximum frame rate [frames/s] × 3600 [s/hour] × X-ray irradiation time [hours/day] * Sensitivity attenuation of the flat panel sensor due to X-ray irradiation As an example, if the following values are substituted in the above formula, the number of operating days is 237. · · · · · Total warranty dose: 1 MR Minimum sensitivity: 20 LSB/mR (80 kVp) Saturation output: 4096 LSB/frame Maximum frame rate: 2 frames/s X-ray irradiation time: 2 hours/day Typical examples of variations in the sensitivity and dark output due to X-ray irradiation are provided in the flat panel sensor application manual. If you would like to obtain the application manual, contact your local Hamamatsu office. 7 Flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 Description of terms Blemish Length of pixel cluster which has less than 90 % of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. Bright line output adjacent to a defect line Column The relative sensitivity ratio “a/b” should be 120 % or less for both vertical and horizontal lines, where “a” and “b” are defined as follows: A B C D E F G H I a: Average sensitivity of bright line (Line A) adjacent to defect line b: Average sensitivity of standard line (Line B) adjacent to Line A Row Note that the average sensitivity of the bright line is calculated from the region adjacent to the defect region in the defect line. Example: See the right figure. Defect region in defect line: From pixel (J, 1) to pixel (J, 15) a: Average sensitivity from pixel (I, 1) to pixel (I, 15) or from pixel (K, 1) to pixel (K, 15) b: Average sensitivity from pixel (H, 1) to pixel (H, 15) or from pixel (L, 1) to pixel (L, 15) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 J K L M N O P Q R S Line B (Column H, L) Line A (Column I, K) Defect line (Column J) KACCC0385EB Defect cluster Formed with more than 3 × 3 pixels which have less than 1/8 of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. This is defined as defect cluster. Normal pixel This is not defined as defect cluster. Defective pixel KACCC0384EB Nonuniformity of sensitivity 16 × 16 segments are 16 × 16-divided active area excluded 1 mm from the whole edge. Xij is defined as the average sensitivity of each segment. Uniformity of sensitivity is calculated as following equation. Nonunifomity of sensitivity = σ x σ: standard deviation of 16 × 16 “Xij” x : average value of 16 × 16 “Xij” 20 138 pixels 130 pixels pixels 20 144 pixels 144 pixels pixels 1 mm 20 Pixels 138 pixels 138 pixels ··········· ··········· Active area 20 pixels 144 pixels 144 pixels ··········· 16 segments 16 segments ··········· 1 mm ··········· 1 mm 1 mm Active area KACCC0406EA 8 Flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 Frame grabber cables (A8406 series) Hamamatsu provides the A8406 series as frame grabber board cables. The A8406 series is available in several types with different cable lengths and terminations. Check the cable specifications that meet your needs. For detailed information, refer to the A8406 series data sheet. Related information http://www.hamamatsu.com/sp/ssd/doc_en.html Precautions ∙ Disclaimer Information described in this material is current as of January, 2016. Product specifications are subject to change without prior notice due to improvements or other reasons. This document has been carefully prepared and the information contained is believed to be accurate. In rare cases, however, there may be inaccuracies such as text errors. Before using these products, always contact us for the delivery specification sheet to check the latest specifications. The product warranty is valid for one year after delivery and is limited to product repair or replacement for defects discovered and reported to us within that one year period. However, even if within the warranty period we accept absolutely no liability for any loss caused by natural disasters or improper product use. Copying or reprinting the contents described in this material in whole or in part is prohibited without our prior permission. www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Solid State Division 1126-1 Ichino-cho, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, 435-8558 Japan, Telephone: (81) 53-434-3311, Fax: (81) 53-434-5184 U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, Bridgewater, N.J. 08807, U.S.A., Telephone: (1) 908-231-0960, Fax: (1) 908-231-1218 Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49) 8152-375-0, Fax: (49) 8152-265-8 France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: 33-(1) 69 53 71 00, Fax: 33-(1) 69 53 71 10 United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44) 1707-294888, Fax: (44) 1707-325777 North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Torshamnsgatan 35 16440 Kista, Sweden, Telephone: (46) 8-509-031-00, Fax: (46) 8-509-031-01 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia S.r.l.: Strada della Moia, 1 int. 6, 20020 Arese (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39) 02-93581733, Fax: (39) 02-93581741 China: Hamamatsu Photonics (China) Co., Ltd.: B1201, Jiaming Center, No.27 Dongsanhuan Beilu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China, Telephone: (86) 10-6586-6006, Fax: (86) 10-6586-2866 Cat. No. KACC1160E08 Jan. 2016 DN 9