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Data
September 29, 2008
8-INT
1-88Sheet
ZVS Full-Bridge PWM Controller with
Average Current Limit
ISL6755
FN6442.1
Features
• Adjustable Resonant Delay for ZVS Operation
The ISL6755 is a high-performance extension of the Intersil
family of full-bridge ZVS controllers. Like the ISL6753, it
achieves ZVS operation by driving the upper bridge FETs at
a fixed 50% duty cycle while the lower bridge FETS are
trailing-edge modulated with adjustable resonant switching
delays.
Adding to the ISL6753’s feature set is average current
monitoring. The signal may be used for average current
limiting, current sharing circuits and average current mode
control.
This advanced BiCMOS design features low operating
current, adjustable oscillator frequency up to 2MHz,
adjustable soft-start, precision deadtime and resonant delay
control, and short propagation delays. Additionally,
Multi-Pulse Suppression ensures alternating output pulses
at low duty cycles where pulse skipping may occur.
• Voltage- or Current-Mode Operation
• 3% Current Limit Threshold
• Adjustable Average Current Limit
• 175µA Startup Current
• Supply UVLO
• Adjustable Deadtime Control
• Adjustable Soft-Start
• Adjustable Oscillator Frequency Up to 2MHz
• Tight Tolerance Error Amplifier Reference Over Line,
Load, and Temperature
• 5MHz GBWP Error Amplifier
• Adjustable Cycle-by-Cycle Peak Current Limit
• Fast Current Sense to Output Delay
Ordering Information
PART
NUMBER
(Note)
PART
MARKING
ISL6755AAZA* 6755 AAZ
• 70ns Leading Edge Blanking
TEMP.
RANGE
(°C)
PACKAGE
(Pb-free)
PKG.
DWG. #
-40 to +105 20 Ld QSOP M20.15
*Add -T suffix to part number for tape and reel packaging
NOTE: These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ
special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach
materials, and 100% matte tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination
finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and
Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pb-free products are MSL
classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed
the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
Pinout
• Multi-Pulse Suppression
• Buffered Oscillator Sawtooth Output
• Internal Over-Temperature Protection
• Pb-Free (RoHS Compliant)
Applications
• ZVS Full-Bridge Converters
• Telecom and Datacom Power
• Wireless Base Station Power
ISL6755
(20 LD QSOP)
TOP VIEW
VERR 1
• File Server Power
• Industrial Power Systems
20 VREF
CTBUF 2
19 SS
RTD 3
18 VDD
RESDEL 4
17 OUTLL
CT 5
16 OUTLR
FB2 6
15 OUTUL
FB1 7
14 OUTUR
RAMP 8
13 N/C
CS 9
12 GND
IOUT 10
11 GND
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2008. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
Functional Block Diagram
VDD
OUTUL
50%
VDD
OUTUR
VREF
PWM
STEERING
LOGIC
UVLO
OUTLL
2
OVERTEMPERATURE
PROTECTION
PWM
OUTLR
GND
SAMPLE
AND
HOLD
VREF
-
+70 nS
LEADING
EDGE
BLANKING
1.00V
OVER CURRENT
COMPARATOR
RESDEL
ISL6755
IOUT
CS
+
4X
RAMP
CT
RTD
OSCILLATOR
PWM
COMPARATOR
VREF
VREF
80mV
1 mA
+
-
SS
VERR
0.33
CTBUF
SOFTSTART
CONTROL
+
-
0.6V
FB1
+
-
FB2
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
Typical Application - High Voltage Input ZVS Full-Bridge Converter
VIN+
CR2
CR3
T3
Q2
Q8A
Q1
R19
R20
Q8B
Q5A
C12
R12
Q5B
C11
C9
+
T1
C1
3
CR5
400 VDC
RETURN
L1
C10
Q10A
CR4
Q9A
Q9B
Q10B
C16
C13
Q4
C16
Q6A
Q7A
Q6B
Q7B
R13
+ Vout
Q3
R18
R17
U1
ISL6755
C8
R11
R16
T2
1 VERR
CR1
VREF 20
2 CTBUF
R19
R8
R7
R4
SS 19
4 RESDEL
OUTLL 17
5 CT
OUTLR 16
6 FB2
OUTUL 15
7 FB1
OUTUR 14
8 RAMP
R10
R1
C14
VDD 18
3 RTD
U2
N/C 13
9 CS
GND 12
10 IOUT
GND 11
C15
R2
R9
U3
VDD
C3
C2
R5
R6
R15
C4
R14
R3
C5
C6
C7
ISL6755
VIN-
BIAS
+
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage, VDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to +22.0V
OUTxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to VDD
Signal Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to VREF + 0.3V
VREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to 6.0V
Peak GATE Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1A
Latchup (Note 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class II, Level B @ +85°C
Thermal Resistance (Typical)
JA (°C/W)
20 Lead QSOP (Note 1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-55°C to +150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Pb-Free Reflow Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see link below
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range
ISL6755AAxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +105°C
Supply Voltage Range (Typical). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9VDC to 16VDC
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and
result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
1. JA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details.
2. All voltages are with respect to GND.
3. Jedec Class II pulse conditions and failure criterion used. Level B exceptions are using a pulse limited to 50mA.
Electrical Specifications
Recommended operating conditions unless otherwise noted. Refer to Block Diagram and Typical Application
schematic. 9V < VDD < 20V, RTD = 10.0k, CT = 470pF, TA = -40°C to +105°C, Typical values are at
TA = +25°C; Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified.
Temperature limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
-
-
20
-
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
Supply Voltage
Start-Up Current, IDD
VDD = 5.0V
-
175
400
µA
Operating Current, IDD
RLOAD, COUT = 0
-
11.0
15.5
mA
UVLO START Threshold
8.00
8.75
9.00
V
UVLO STOP Threshold
6.50
7.00
7.50
V
-
1.75
-
V
4.850
5.000
5.150
V
-
3
-
mV
-10
-
-
mA
5
-
-
mA
VREF = 4.85V
-15
-
-100
mA
Current Limit Threshold
VERR = VREF
0.97
1.00
1.03
V
CS to OUT Delay
Excl. LEB
-
35
-
ns
-
70
-
ns
Hysteresis
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
Overall Accuracy
IVREF = 0mA to -10mA
Long Term Stability
TA = +125°C, 1000 hours (Note 4)
Operational Current (source)
Operational Current (sink)
Current Limit
CURRENT SENSE
Leading Edge Blanking (LEB) Duration
CS to OUT Delay + LEB
TA = +25°C
-
-
150
ns
CS Sink Current Device Impedance
VCS = 1.1V
-
-
20

Input Bias Current
VCS = 0.3V
-1.0
-
1.0
µA
IOUT Sample and Hold Buffer Amplifier Gain
TA = +25°C
3.85
4.00
4.15
V/V
IOUT Sample and Hold VOH
VCS = max, ILOAD = -300µA
3.9
-
-
V
IOUT Sample and Hold VOL
VCS = 0.00V, ILOAD = 10µA
-
-
0.3
V
4
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
Electrical Specifications
Recommended operating conditions unless otherwise noted. Refer to Block Diagram and Typical Application
schematic. 9V < VDD < 20V, RTD = 10.0k, CT = 470pF, TA = -40°C to +105°C, Typical values are at
TA = +25°C; Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified.
Temperature limits established by characterization and are not production tested. (Continued)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
-
-
20

65
80
95
mV
RAMP
RAMP Sink Current Device Impedance
VRAMP = 1.1V
RAMP to PWM Comparator Offset
TA = +25°C
Bias Current
VRAMP = 0.3V
-5.0
-
-2.0
µA
Minimum Duty Cycle
VERR < 0.6V
-
-
0
%
Maximum Duty Cycle (per half-cycle)
VERR = 4.20V, VRAMP = 0V,
VCS = 0V (Note 5)
-
94
-
%
RTD = 2.00k, CT = 220pF
-
97
-
%
RTD = 2.00k, CT = 470pF
-
99
-
%
0.85
-
1.20
V
0.7
0.8
0.9
V
0.31
0.33
0.35
V/V
(Note 4)
0
-
VSS
V
Input Common Mode (CM) Range
(Note 4)
0
-
VREF
V
GBWP
(Note 4)
5
-
-
MHz
VERR VOL
ILOAD = 2mA
-
-
0.4
V
VERR VOH
ILOAD = 0mA
4.20
-
-
V
VERR Pull-Up Current Source
VERR = 2.5V
0.8
1.0
1.3
mA
EA Reference
TA = 25°C
0.594
0.600
0.606
V
0.590
0.600
0.612
V
165
183
201
kHz
-10
-
+10
%
PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR
Zero Duty Cycle VERR Voltage
VERR to PWM Comparator Input Offset
TA = +25°C
VERR to PWM Comparator Input Gain
Common Mode (CM) Input Range
ERROR AMPLIFIERS
EA Reference + EA Input Offset Voltage
OSCILLATOR
Frequency Accuracy, Overall
(Note 4)
Frequency Variation with VDD
TA = +25°C, (F20V- - F10V)/F10V
-
0.3
1.7
%
Temperature Stability
VDD = 10V, |F-40°C - F0°C|/F0°C
-
4.5
-
%
|F0°C - F105°C|/F25°C
(Note 4)
-
1.5
-
%
-193
-200
-207
µA
19
20
23
µA/µA
TA = +25°C
Charge Current
Discharge Current Gain
CT Valley Voltage
Static Threshold
0.75
0.80
0.88
V
CT Peak Voltage
Static Threshold
2.75
2.80
2.88
V
CT Pk-Pk Voltage
Static Value
1.92
2.00
2.05
V
1.97
2.00
2.03
V
0
-
2
V
1.95
2.0
2.05
V/V
RTD Voltage
RESDEL Voltage Range
CTBUF Gain (VCTBUFP-P/VCTP-P)
5
VCT = 0.8V, 2.6V
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
Electrical Specifications
Recommended operating conditions unless otherwise noted. Refer to Block Diagram and Typical Application
schematic. 9V < VDD < 20V, RTD = 10.0k, CT = 470pF, TA = -40°C to +105°C, Typical values are at
TA = +25°C; Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified.
Temperature limits established by characterization and are not production tested. (Continued)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
0.34
0.40
0.44
V
CTBUF Offset from GND
VCT = 0.8V
CTBUF VOH
V(ILOAD = 0mA, ILOAD = -2mA),
VCT = 2.6V
-
-
0.10
V
CTBUF VOL
V(ILOAD = 2mA, ILOAD = 0mA),
VCT = 0.8V
-
-
0.10
V
-60
-70
-80
µA
4.410
4.500
4.590
V
10
-
-
mA
0.23
0.27
0.33
V
SOFT-START
Charging Current
SS = 3V
SS Clamp Voltage
SS Discharge Current
SS = 2V
Reset Threshold Voltage
TA = +25°C
OUTPUTS
High Level Output Voltage (VOH)
IOUT = -10mA, VDD - VOH
-
0.5
1.0
V
Low Level Output Voltage (VOL)
IOUT = 10mA, VOL - GND
-
0.5
1.0
V
Rise Time
COUT = 220pF, VDD = 15V (Note 4)
-
110
200
ns
Fall Time
COUT = 220pF, VDD = 15V (Note 4)
-
90
150
ns
UVLO Output Voltage Clamp
VDD = 7V, ILOAD = 1mA (Note 6)
-
-
1.25
V
Thermal Shutdown
(Note 4)
-
140
-
°C
Thermal Shutdown Clear
(Note 4)
-
125
-
°C
Hysteresis, Internal Protection
(Note 4)
-
15
-
°C
THERMAL PROTECTION
NOTES:
4. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
5. This is the maximum duty cycle achievable using the specified values of RTD and CT. Larger or smaller maximum duty cycles may be obtained
using other values for these components. See Equations 1 through 5.
6. Adjust VDD below the UVLO stop threshold prior to setting at 7V.
6
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
Typical Performance Curves
1.01
1
0.99
0.98
-40
25
CT DISCHARGE CURRENT GAIN
NORMALIZED VREF
1.02
-25
-10
5
20
35
50
65
80
95
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
110
0
200
FIGURE 1. REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE
600
800
1000
FIGURE 2. CT DISCHARGE CURRENT GAIN vs RTD CURRENT
1-103
CT = 680pF
CT = 1000pF
FREQUENCY (kHz)
1-104
DEADTIME TD (ns)
400
RTD CURRENT (¬¨¬
TEMPERATURE (¬¨Ð
CT = 470pF
1-103
CT = 100pF
CT = 220pF
CT = 330pF
100
RTD = 10k
100
RTD = 50k
RTD = 100k
10
0
10
20
30
40 50 60
RTD (k)
70
80
90
100
FIGURE 3. DEADTIME (DT) vs CAPACITANCE
Pin Descriptions
VDD - VDD is the power connection for the IC. To optimize
noise immunity, bypass VDD to GND with a ceramic
capacitor as close to the VDD and GND pins as possible.
Supply voltage under-voltage lock-out (UVLO) start and stop
thresholds track each other resulting in relatively constant
hysteresis.
GND - Signal and power ground connections for this device.
Due to high peak currents and high frequency operation, a
low impedance layout is necessary. Ground planes and
short traces are highly recommended.
VREF - The 5.00V reference voltage output having 3%
tolerance over line, load and operating temperature. Bypass
to GND with a 0.1F to 2.2F low ESR capacitor.
CT - The oscillator timing capacitor is connected between
this pin and GND. It is charged through an internal 200A
current source and discharged with a user adjustable current
source controlled by RTD.
RTD - This is the oscillator timing capacitor discharge
current control pin. The current flowing in a resistor
connected between this pin and GND determines the
7
10
0.1
1
CT (nF)
10
FIGURE 4. CAPACITANCE vs FREQUENCY
magnitude of the current that discharges CT. The CT
discharge current is nominally 20x the resistor current. The
PWM deadtime is determined by the timing capacitor
discharge duration. The voltage at RTD is nominally 2.00V.
CS - This is the input to the overcurrent comparator. The
overcurrent comparator threshold is set at 1.00V nominal.
The CS pin is shorted to GND at the termination of either
PWM output.
Depending on the current sensing source impedance, a
series input resistor may be required due to the delay
between the internal clock and the external power switch.
This delay may result in CS being discharged prior to the
power switching device being turned off.
RAMP - This is the input for the sawtooth waveform for the
PWM comparator. The RAMP pin is shorted to GND at the
termination of the PWM signal. A sawtooth voltage
waveform is required at this input. For current-mode control
this pin is connected to CS and the current loop feedback
signal is applied to both inputs. For voltage-mode control,
the oscillator sawtooth waveform may be buffered and used
to generate an appropriate signal, RAMP may be connected
to the input voltage through a RC network for voltage feed
forward control, or RAMP may be connected to VREF
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
through a RC network to produce the desired sawtooth
waveform.
OUTUL and OUTUR - These outputs control the upper
bridge FETs and operate at a fixed 50% duty cycle in
alternate sequence. OUTUL controls the upper left FET and
OUTUR controls the upper right FET. The left and right
designation may be switched as long as they are switched in
conjunction with the lower FET outputs, OUTLL and OUTLR.
RESDEL - Sets the resonant delay period between the
toggle of the upper FETs and the turn on of either of the
lower FETs. The voltage applied to RESDEL determines
when the upper FETs switch relative to a lower FET turning
on. Varying the control voltage from 0 to 2.00V increases the
resonant delay duration from 0 to 100% of the deadtime. The
control voltage divided by 2 represents the percent of the
deadtime equal to the resonant delay. In practice the
maximum resonant delay must be set lower than 2.00V to
ensure that the lower FETs, at maximum duty cycle, are OFF
prior to the switching of the upper FETs.
OUTLL and OUTLR - These outputs control the lower
bridge FETs, are pulse width modulated, and operate in
alternate sequence. OUTLL controls the lower left FET and
OUTLR controls the lower right FET. The left and right
designation may be switched as long as they are switched in
conjunction with the upper FET outputs, OUTUL and
OUTUR.
VERR - The control voltage input to the inverting input of the
PWM comparator. The output of an external error amplifier
(EA) is applied to this input for closed loop regulation. VERR
has a nominal 1mA pull-up current source.
When VERR is driven by an opto-coupler or other current
source device, a pull-up resistor from VREF is required to
linearize the gain. Generally, a pull-up resistor on the order
of 5k is acceptable.
FB1,2 - FB1 and FB2 are the inverting inputs to the error
amplifiers (EA). The amplifier may be used as the error
amplifier for voltage feedback or used as the average current
limit amplifier (IEA). If the amplifier is not used, FB should be
grounded.
IOUT - Output of the 4X buffer amplifier of the sample and
hold circuitry that captures and averages the CS signal.
SS - Connect the soft-start timing capacitor between this pin
and GND to control the duration of soft-start. The value of
the capacitor and the internal current source determine the
rate of increase of the duty cycle during start-up.
nominal valley-to-peak gain of 2. It may be used for slope
compensation.
Functional Description
Features
The ISL6755 PWM is an excellent choice for low cost ZVS
full-bridge applications employing conventional output
rectification. If synchronous rectification is required, please
consider the ISL6752 or ISL6551 products.
With the ISL6755’s many protection and control features, a
highly flexible design with minimal external components is
possible. Among its many features are support for both
current- and voltage-mode control, a very accurate
overcurrent limit threshold, thermal protection, a buffered
sawtooth oscillator output suitable for slope compensation,
voltage controlled resonant delay, and adjustable frequency
with precise deadtime control.
Oscillator
The ISL6755 has an oscillator with a programmable
frequency range to 2MHz, and can be programmed with an
external resistor and capacitor.
The switching period is the sum of the timing capacitor
charge and discharge durations. The charge duration is
determined by CT and a fixed 200A internal current source.
The discharge duration is determined by RTD and CT.
3
T C  11.5  10  CT
S
(EQ. 1)
T D   0.06  RTD  CT  + 50  10
1
T SW = T C + T D = -----------F SW
S
–9
S
(EQ. 2)
(EQ. 3)
where TC and TD are the charge and discharge times,
respectively, TSW is the oscillator period, and FSW is the
oscillator frequency. One output switching cycle requires two
oscillator cycles. The actual times will be slightly longer than
calculated due to internal propagation delays of
approximately 10ns/transition. This delay adds directly to the
switching duration, but also causes overshoot of the timing
capacitor peak and valley voltage thresholds, effectively
increasing the peak-to-peak voltage on the timing capacitor.
Additionally, if very small discharge currents are used, there
will be increased error due to the input impedance at the CT
pin.
SS may also be used to inhibit the outputs by grounding
through a small transistor in an open collector/drain
configuration.
CTBUF - CTBUF is the buffered output of the sawtooth
oscillator waveform present on CT and is capable of
sourcing 2mA. It is offset from ground by 0.40V and has a
8
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
The maximum duty cycle, D, and percent deadtime, DT, can
be calculated from:
TC
D = -----------T SW
(EQ. 4)
DT = 1 – D
(EQ. 5)
Soft-Start Operation
The ISL6755 features a soft-start using an external capacitor in
conjunction with an internal current source. Soft-start reduces
component stresses and surge currents during start-up.
Upon start-up, the soft-start circuitry limits the error voltage
input (VERR) to a value equal to the soft-start voltage. The
output pulse width increases as the soft-start capacitor
voltage increases. This has the effect of increasing the duty
cycle from zero to the regulation pulse width during the
soft-start period. When the soft-start voltage exceeds the
error voltage, soft-start is completed. Soft-start occurs during
start-up and after recovery from a fault condition. The
soft-start charging period may be calculated as follows:
t = 64.3  C
(EQ. 6)
ms
where t is the charging period in ms and C is the value of the
soft-start capacitor in F.
The second method is a slower, averaging method which
produces constant or “brick-wall” current limit behavior. If
voltage-mode control is used, the average overcurrent
protection also maintains flux balance in the transformer by
maintaining duty cycle symmetry between half-cycles. If
voltage-mode control is used in a bridge topology, it should
be noted that peak current limit results in inherently unstable
operation. The DC blocking capacitors used in voltage-mode
bridge topologies become unbalanced, as does the flux in
the transformer core. Average current limit will prevent the
instability and allow continuous operation in current limit
provided the control loop is designed with adequate
bandwidth.
The propagation delay from CS exceeding the current limit
threshold to the termination of the output pulse is increased
by the leading edge blanking (LEB) interval. The effective
delay is the sum of the two delays and is nominally 105ns.
The current sense signal applied to the CS pin connects to
the peak current comparator and a sample and hold
averaging circuit. After a 70ns leading edge blanking (LEB)
delay, the current sense signal is actively sampled during the
on time, the average current for the cycle is determined, and
the result is amplified by 4x and output on the IOUT pin. If an
RC filter is placed on the CS input, its time constant should
not exceed ~50ns or significant error may be introduced on
IOUT.
The soft-start voltage is clamped to 4.50V with a tolerance of
2%. It is suitable for use as a “soft-started” reference
provided the current draw is kept well below the 70A
charging current.
The outputs may be inhibited by using the SS pin as a
disable input. Pulling SS below 0.25V forces all outputs low.
An open collector/drain configuration may be used to couple
the disable signal into the SS pin.
Gate Drive
The ISL6755 outputs are capable of sourcing and sinking
10mA (at rated VOH, VOL) and are intended to be used in
conjunction with integrated FET drivers or discrete bipolar
totem pole drivers. The typical on resistance of the outputs is
50.
Overcurrent Operation
Two overcurrent protection mechanisms are available to the
power supply designer. The first method is cycle-by-cycle
peak overcurrent protection which provides fast response.
The cycle-by-cycle peak current limit results in pulse-by-pulse
duty cycle reduction when the current feedback signal
exceeds 1.0V. When the peak current exceeds the threshold,
the active output pulse is immediately terminated. This results
in a decrease in output voltage as the load current increases
beyond the current limit threshold. The ISL6755 operates
continuously in an overcurrent condition without shutdown.
9
CHANNEL 1 (YELLOW): OUTLL
CHANNEL 3 (BLUE): CS
CHANNEL 2 (RED): OUTLR
CHANNEL 4 (GREEN): IOUT
FIGURE 5. CS INPUT vs IOUT
Figure 5 shows the relationship between the CS signal and
IOUT under steady state conditions. IOUT is 4x the average
of CS. Figure 6 shows the dynamic behavior of the current
averaging circuitry when CS is modulated by an external
sine wave. Notice IOUT is updated by the sample and hold
circuitry at the termination of the active output pulse.
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
The EA available on the ISL6755 may also be used as the
voltage EA for the voltage feedback control loop rather than
the current EA as described above. An external op-amp may
be used as either the current or voltage EA providing the
circuit is not allowed to source current into VERR. The
external EA must only sink current, which may be
accomplished by adding a diode in series with its output.
The 4x gain of the sample and hold buffer allows a range of
150mV to 1000mV peak on the CS signal, depending on the
resistor divider placed on IOUT. The overall bandwidth of the
average current loop is determined by the integrating current
EA compensation and the divider on IOUT.
CHANNEL 1 (YELLOW): OUTLL
CHANNEL 3 (BLUE): CS
CHANNEL 2 (RED): OUTLR
CHANNEL 4 (GREEN): IOUT
If average overcurrent limit is desired, IOUT may be used
with either of the available error amplifiers of the ISL6755.
Typically IOUT is divided down and filtered as required to
achieve the desired amplitude. The resulting signal is input
to the current error amplifier (IEA). The IEA is similar to the
voltage EA found in most PWM controllers, except it cannot
source current. Instead, VERR has a separate internal 1mA
pull-up current source.
Configure the IEA as an integrating (Type I) amplifier using
the internal 0.6V reference. The voltage applied at FBx is
integrated against the 0.6V reference. The resulting signal,
VERR, is applied to the PWM comparator where it is
compared to the sawtooth voltage on RAMP. If FBx is less
than 0.6V, the IEA will be open loop (can’t source current),
VERR will be at a level determined by the voltage loop, and
the duty cycle is unaffected. As the output load increases,
IOUT will increase, and the voltage applied to FB will
increase until it reaches 0.6V. At this point the IEA will
reduce VERR as required to maintain the output current at
the level that corresponds to the 0.6V reference. When the
output current again drops below the average current limit
threshold, the IEA returns to an open loop condition, and the
duty cycle is again controlled by the voltage loop.
The average current control loop behaves much the same
as the voltage control loop found in typical power supplies
except it regulates current rather than voltage.
10
20 VREF
2
19 SS
3
FIGURE 6. DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF CS vs IOUT
The average current signal on IOUT remains accurate
provided that the output inductor current is continuous (CCM
operation). Once the inductor current becomes
discontinuous (DCM operation), IOUT represents 1/2 the
peak inductor current rather than the average current. This
occurs because the sample and hold circuitry is active only
during the on time of the switching cycle. It is unable to
detect when the inductor current reaches zero during the off
time.
1 VERR
4
C10
150 - 1000 mV
ISL6755
17 OUTLL
5
16 OUTLR
6
15 OUTUL
7 FB1
0.6V +
8
14 OUTUR
9 CS
10 IOUT
R6
18 VDD
S&H
4x
13 N/C
12 GND
11 GND
R5
R4
FIGURE 7. AVERAGE OVERCURRENT IMPLEMENTATION
The current EA cross-over frequency, assuming R6 >>
(R4||R5), is:
1
f CO = ----------------------------------2  R6  C10
Hz
(EQ. 7)
where fCO is the cross-over frequency. A capacitor in parallel
with R4 may be used to provide a double-pole roll-off.
The average current loop bandwidth is normally set to be
much less than the switching frequency, typically less than
5kHz and often as slow as a few hundred hertz or less. This
is especially useful if the application experiences large
surges. The average current loop can be set to the steady
state overcurrent threshold and have a time response that is
longer than the required transient. The peak current limit can
be set higher than the expected transient so that it does not
interfere with the transient, but still protects for short-term
larger faults. In essence a 2-stage overcurrent response is
possible.
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
The peak overcurrent behavior is similar to most other PWM
controllers. If the peak current exceeds 1.0V, the active
output pulse is terminated immediately.
If voltage-mode control is used in a bridge topology, it should
be noted that peak current limit results in inherently unstable
operation. DC blocking capacitors used in voltage-mode
bridge topologies become unbalanced, as does the flux in
the transformer core. The average overcurrent circuitry
prevents this behavior by maintaining symmetric duty cycles
for each half-cycle. If the average current limit circuitry is not
used, a latching overcurrent shutdown method using
external components is recommended.
The CS to output propagation delay is increased by the
leading edge blanking (LEB) interval. The effective delay is
the sum of the two delays and is 130ns maximum.
selected so that the ramp amplitude reaches 1.0V at
minimum input voltage within the duration of one half-cycle.
VIN
1
20
2
19
3
18
4
R3
17
ISL6755
5
16
6
15
7
14
8 RAMP
C7
13
9
GND 12
10
GND 11
Voltage Feed Forward Operation
Voltage feed forward is a technique used to regulate the
output voltage for changes in input voltage without the
intervention of the control loop. Voltage feed forward is often
implemented in voltage-mode control loops, but is redundant
and unnecessary in peak current-mode control loops.
Voltage feed forward operates by modulating the sawtooth
ramp in direct proportion to the input voltage. Figure 8
demonstrates the concept.
VIN
ERROR VOLTAGE
FIGURE 9. VOLTAGE FEED FORWARD CONTROL
The charging time of the ramp capacitor is:
V RAMP  PEAK 

t = – R3  C7  ln  1 – ----------------------------------------
V IN  MIN  

S
(EQ. 8)
For optimum performance, the maximum value of the
capacitor should be limited to 10nF. The maximum DC
current through the resistor should be limited to 2mA
maximum. For example, if the oscillator frequency is
400kHz, the minimum input voltage is 300V, and a 4.7nF
ramp capacitor is selected, the value of the resistor can be
determined by rearranging Equation 9.
–6
– 2.5  10
–t
R3 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------- = -----------------------------------------------------------–9
1
V RAMP  PEAK 

4.7  10  ln  1 – ----------
C7  ln  1 – ----------------------------------------

300
V

IN  MIN   
RAMP
CT
= 159
OUTLL, LR
FIGURE 8. VOLTAGE FEED FORWARD BEHAVIOR
Input voltage feed forward may be implemented using the
RAMP input. An RC network connected between the input
voltage and ground, as shown in Figure 9, generates a
voltage ramp whose charging rate varies with the amplitude
of the source voltage. At the termination of the active output
pulse, RAMP is discharged to ground so that a repetitive
sawtooth waveform is created. The RAMP waveform is
compared to the VERR voltage to determine duty cycle. The
selection of the RC components depends upon the desired
input voltage operating range and the frequency of the
oscillator. In typical applications, the RC components are
11
k
(EQ. 9)
where t is equal to the oscillator period minus the deadtime.
If the deadtime is short relative to the oscillator period, it can
be ignored for this calculation.
If feed forward operation is not desired, the RC network may
be connected to VREF rather than the input voltage.
Alternatively, a resistor divider from CTBUF may be used as
the sawtooth signal. Regardless, a sawtooth waveform must
be generated on RAMP as it is required for proper PWM
operation.
Slope Compensation
Peak current-mode control requires slope compensation to
improve noise immunity, particularly at lighter loads, and to
prevent current loop instability, particularly for duty cycles
greater than 50%. Slope compensation may be
accomplished by summing an external ramp with the current
feedback signal or by subtracting the external ramp from the
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
voltage feedback error signal. Adding the external ramp to
the current feedback signal is the more popular method.
From the small signal current-mode model [1] it can be
shown that the naturally-sampled modulator gain, Fm,
without slope compensation, is
1
Fm = -------------------SnTsw
(EQ. 10)
where Sn is the slope of the sawtooth signal and Tsw is the
duration of the half-cycle. When an external ramp is added,
the modulator gain becomes:
1
1
Fm = --------------------------------------- = --------------------------- Sn + Se Tsw
m c SnTsw
(EQ. 11)
(EQ. 12)
The criteria for determining the correct amount of external
ramp can be determined by appropriately setting the
damping factor of the double-pole located at half the
oscillator frequency. The double-pole will be critically
damped if the Q-factor is set to 1, and over-damped for
Q > 1, and under-damped for Q < 1. An under-damped
condition can result in current loop instability.
1
Q = ------------------------------------------------  m c  1 – D  – 0.5 
(EQ. 13)
where D is the percent of on time during a half cycle. Setting
Q = 1 and solving for Se yields:
1
1
S e = S n   --- + 0.5 ------------- – 1
1–D
 

(EQ. 14)
Since Sn and Se are the on time slopes of the current ramp
and the external ramp, respectively, they can be multiplied
by Ton to obtain the voltage change that occurs during Ton.
1
1
V e = V n   --- + 0.5 ------------- – 1
1–D
 

(EQ. 15)
where Vn is the change in the current feedback signal during
the on time and Ve is the voltage that must be added by the
external ramp.
Vn can be solved for in terms of input voltage, current
transducer components, and output inductance yielding:
T SW  V  R CS N
O
S 1
V e = ------------------------------------------  --------  --- + D – 0.5

N CT  L O
NP  
V
(EQ. 16)
where RCS is the current sense burden resistor, NCT is the
current transformer turns ratio, LO is the output inductance,
VO is the output voltage, and Ns and Np are the secondary
and primary turns, respectively.
12
N S  R CS 
D  T SW 
NS

V CS = ------------------------  I O + ---------------------  V IN  -------- – V O 
N P  N CT 
2L O 
NP

V
(EQ. 17)
where VCS is the voltage across the current sense resistor
and IO is the output current at current limit.
Since the peak current limit threshold is 1.00V, the total
current feedback signal plus the external ramp voltage must
sum to this value.
V e + V CS = 1
(EQ. 18)
Substituting Equations 16 and 17 into Equation 18 and
solving for RCS yields:
where Se is slope of the external ramp and:
Se
m c = 1 + ------Sn
The inductor current, when reflected through the isolation
transformer and the current sense transformer to obtain the
current feedback signal at the sense resistor yields:
N P  N CT
1
R CS = ------------------------  -----------------------------------------------------NS
VO
1 D
I O + -------- T SW  --- + ----
  2
L

(EQ. 19)
O
For simplicity, idealized components have been used for this
discussion, but the effect of magnetizing inductance must be
considered when determining the amount of external ramp
to add. Magnetizing inductance provides a degree of slope
compensation to the current feedback signal and reduces
the amount of external ramp required. The magnetizing
inductance adds primary current in excess of what is
reflected from the inductor current in the secondary.
V IN  DT SW
I P = ------------------------------Lm
(EQ. 20)
A
where VIN is the input voltage that corresponds to the duty
cycle D and Lm is the primary magnetizing inductance. The
effect of the magnetizing current at the current sense
resistor, RCS, is:
I P  R CS
V CS = -------------------------N CT
(EQ. 21)
V
If VCS is greater than or equal to Ve, then no additional
slope compensation is needed and RCS becomes:
N CT
R CS = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NS 
DT SW 
NS
  V IN  DT SW
--------   I O + ----------------   V  ------- – V O  + ------------------------------NP 
2L O  IN N P
Lm

(EQ. 22)
If VCS is less than Ve, then Equation 19 is still valid for the
value of RCS, but the amount of slope compensation added
by the external ramp must be reduced by VCS.
Adding slope compensation is accomplished in the ISL6755
using the CTBUF signal. CTBUF is an amplified
representation of the sawtooth signal that appears on the CT
pin. It is offset from ground by 0.4V and is 2x the peak-topeak amplitude of CT (0.4V to 4.4V). A typical application
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
sums this signal with the current sense feedback and applies
the result to the CS pin as shown in Figure 10.
1
20
2 CTBUF
19
3
18
4
17
5
R9
6
R6
RCS
16
ISL6755
15
7
14
8 RAMP
13
9 CS
GND 12
10
GND 11
Solve for the current sense resistor, RCS, using Equation 19.
RCS = 15.1.
Determine the amount of voltage, Ve, that must be added to
the current feedback signal using Equation 16.
Ve = 153mV
Next, determine the effect of the magnetizing current from
Equation 21.
VCS = 91mV
Using Equation 24, solve for the summing resistor, R9, from
CTBUF to CS.
R9 = 30.1k
C4
Determine the new value of RCS, R’CS, using Equation 25.
R’CS = 15.4
FIGURE 10. ADDING SLOPE COMPENSATION
Assuming the designer has selected values for the RC filter
placed on the CS pin, the value of R9 required to add the
appropriate external ramp can be found by superposition.
 D  V CTBUF – 0.4  + 0.4   R6
V e – V CS = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------R6 + R9
(EQ. 23)
V
Rearranging to solve for R9 yields
 D  V CTBUF – 0.4  – V e + V CS + 0.4   R6
R9 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V e – V CS
The above discussion determines the minimum external
ramp that is required. Additional slope compensation may be
considered for design margin.
If the application requires deadtime less than about 500ns,
the CTBUF signal may not perform adequately for slope
compensation. CTBUF lags the CT sawtooth waveform by
300ns to 400ns. This behavior results in a non-zero value of
CTBUF when the next half-cycle begins when the deadtime
is short.
Under these situations, slope compensation may be added
by externally buffering the CT signal as shown below.

(EQ. 24)
1
The value of RCS determined in Equation 19 or 22 must be
rescaled so that the current sense signal presented at the
CS pin is that predicted by Equation 17. The divider created
by R6 and R9 makes this necessary.
R6 + R9
R CS = ----------------------  R CS
R9
VREF 20
2
3
R9
(EQ. 25)
19
ISL6755
17
5 CT
16
6
15
7
14
8 RAMP
Example:
R6
VIN = 280V
VO = 12V
RCS
C4
18
4
13
9 CS
GND 12
10
GND 11
CT
LO = 2.0H
Np/Ns = 20
Lm = 2mH
FIGURE 11. ADDING SLOPE COMPENSATION USING CT
IO = 55A
Oscillator Frequency, Fsw = 400kHz
Duty Cycle, D = 85.7%
NCT = 50
Using CT to provide slope compensation instead of CTBUF
requires the same calculations, except that Equations 23
and 24 require modification. Equation 23 becomes:
2D  R6
V e – V CS = ---------------------R6 + R9
R6 = 499
13
V
(EQ. 26)
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
and Equation 24 becomes:
 2D – V e + V CS   R6
R9 = ------------------------------------------------------------V e – V CS

(EQ. 27)
The buffer transistor used to create the external ramp from
CT should have a sufficiently high gain so as to minimize the
required base current. Whatever base current is required
reduces the charging current into CT and will reduce the
oscillator frequency.
lumped together as switch capacitance, but represents all
parasitic capacitance in the circuit including winding
capacitance. Each switch is designated by its position, upper
left (UL), upper right (UR), lower left (LL), and lower right
(LR). The beginning of the cycle, shown in Figure 14, is
arbitrarily set as having switches UL and LR on and UR and
LL off. The direction of the primary and secondary currents
are indicated by IP and IS, respectively.
VIN+
UL
UR
D1
ZVS Full-Bridge Operation
The ISL6755 is a full-bridge zero-voltage switching (ZVS)
PWM controller that behaves much like a traditional
hard-switched topology controller. Rather than drive the
diagonal bridge switches simultaneously, the upper switches
(OUTUL, OUTUR) are driven at a fixed 50% duty cycle and
the lower switches (OUTLL, OUTLR) are pulse width
modulated on the trailing edge.
CT
DEADTIME
OUTLL
PWM
PWM
PWM
OUTLR
PWM
IS
VOUT+
LL
IP
RTN
LL
LR
D2
VIN-
FIGURE 14. UL - LR POWER TRANSFER CYCLE
The UL - LR power transfer period terminates when switch
LR turns off as determined by the PWM. The current flowing
in the primary cannot be interrupted instantaneously, so it
must find an alternate path. The current flows into the
parasitic switch capacitance of LR and UR which charges
the node to VIN and then forward biases the body diode of
upper switch UR.
VIN+
OUTUR
UL
RESONANT
DELAY
UR
D1
IS
VOUT+
LL
OUTUL
IP
RESDEL
WINDOW
RTN
LL
FIGURE 12. BRIDGE DRIVE SIGNAL TIMING
LR
D2
VIN-
To understand how the ZVS method operates one must
include the parasitic elements of the circuit and examine a
full switching cycle.
VIN+
UL
UR
D1
VOUT+
LL
RTN
LL
LR
D2
VIN-
FIGURE 13. IDEALIZED FULL-BRIDGE
In Figure 13, the power semiconductor switches have been
replaced by ideal switch elements with parallel diodes and
capacitance, the output rectifiers are ideal, and the
transformer leakage inductance has been included as a
discrete element. The parasitic capacitance has been
14
FIGURE 15. UL - UR FREE-WHEELING PERIOD
The primary leakage inductance, LL, maintains the current
which now circulates around the path of switch UL, the
transformer primary, and switch UR. When switch LR opens,
the output inductor current free-wheels through both output
diodes, D1 and D2. During the switch transition, the output
inductor current assists the leakage inductance in charging
the upper and lower bridge FET capacitance.
The current flow from the previous power transfer cycle
tends to be maintained during the free-wheeling period
because the transformer primary winding is essentially
shorted. Diode D1 may conduct very little or none of the
free-wheeling current, depending on circuit parasitics. This
behavior is quite different than occurs in a conventional
hard-switched full-bridge topology where the free-wheeling
current splits nearly evenly between the output diodes, and
flows not at all in the primary.
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
This condition persists through the remainder of the
half-cycle.
During the period when CT discharges, also referred to as
the deadtime, the upper switches toggle. Switch UL turns off
and switch UR turns on. The actual timing of the upper
switch toggle is dependent on RESDEL which sets the
resonant delay. The voltage applied to RESDEL determines
how far in advance the toggle occurs prior to a lower switch
turning on. The ZVS transition occurs after the upper
switches toggle and before the diagonal lower switch turns
on. The required resonant delay is 1/4 of the period of the LC
resonant frequency of the circuit formed by the leakage
inductance and the parasitic capacitance. The resonant
transition may be estimated from Equation 28.

1
 = --- ----------------------------------2
2
R
1
--------------- – ---------2
LL CP
4L L
(EQ. 28)
where  is the resonant transition time, LL is the leakage
inductance, CP is the parasitic capacitance, and R is the
equivalent resistance in series with LL and CP.
The resonant delay is always less than or equal to the
deadtime and may be calculated using Equation 29.
V resdel
 resdel = --------------------  DT
2
S
(EQ. 29)
where resdel is the desired resonant delay, Vresdel is a
voltage between 0 and 2V applied to the RESDEL pin, and
DT is the deadtime (see Equations 1 through 5).
When the upper switches toggle, the primary current that
was flowing through UL must find an alternate path. It
charges/discharges the parasitic capacitance of switches UL
and LL until the body diode of LL is forward biased. If
RESDEL is set properly, switch LL will be turned on at this
time.The output inductor does not assist this transition. It is
purely a resonant transition driven by the leakage
inductance.
VIN+
UL
UR
D1
IS
VOUT+
LL
IP
RTN
LL
The second power transfer period commences when switch
LL closes. With switches UR and LL on, the primary and
secondary currents flow as indicated in Figure 17.
VIN+
UL
UR
D1
VOUT+
LL
RTN
LL
LR
D2
VIN-
FIGURE 17. UR - LL POWER TRANSFER
The UR - LL power transfer period terminates when switch
LL turns off as determined by the PWM. The current flowing
in the primary must find an alternate path. The current flows
into the parasitic switch capacitance which charges the node
to VIN and then forward biases the body diode of upper
switch UL. As before, the output inductor current assists in
this transition. The primary leakage inductance, LL,
maintains the current, which now circulates around the path
of switch UR, the transformer primary, and switch UL. When
switch LL opens, the output inductor current free-wheels
predominantly through diode D1. Diode D2 may actually
conduct very little or none of the free-wheeling current,
depending on circuit parasitics. This condition persists
through the remainder of the half-cycle.
VIN+
UL
UR
D1
IS
VOUT+
LL
IP
RTN
LL
LR
D2
VIN-
FIGURE 18. UR - UL FREE-WHEELING PERIOD
When the upper switches toggle, the primary current that
was flowing through UR must find an alternate path. It
charges/discharges the parasitic capacitance of switches UR
and LR until the body diode of LR is forward biased. If
RESDEL is set properly, switch LR will be turned on at this
time.
LR
D2
VIN-
FIGURE 16. UPPER SWITCH TOGGLE AND RESONANT
TRANSITION
15
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
Fault Conditions
VIN+
UL
UR
D1
IS
VOUT+
LL
IP
RTN
LL
LR
D2
VIN-
FIGURE 19. UPPER SWITCH TOGGLE AND RESONANT
TRANSITION
The first power transfer period commences when switch LR
closes and the cycle repeats. The ZVS transition requires
that the leakage inductance has sufficient energy stored to
fully charge the parasitic capacitances. Since the energy
stored is proportional to the square of the current (1/2 LLIP2),
the ZVS resonant transition is load dependent. If the leakage
inductance is not able to store sufficient energy for ZVS, a
discrete inductor may be added in series with the
transformer primary.
A fault condition occurs if VREF or VDD fall below their
undervoltage lockout (UVLO) thresholds or if the thermal
protection is triggered. When a fault is detected, the softstart capacitor is quickly discharged, and the outputs are
disabled low. When the fault condition clears and the softstart voltage is below the reset threshold, a soft-start cycle
begins.
An overcurrent condition is not considered a fault and does
not result in a shutdown.
Thermal Protection
Internal die over-temperature protection is provided. An
integrated temperature sensor protects the device should
the junction temperature exceed +140°C. There is
approximately +15°C of hysteresis.
Ground Plane Requirements
Careful layout is essential for satisfactory operation of the
device. A good ground plane must be employed. VDD and
VREF should be bypassed directly to GND with good high
frequency capacitance.
References
[1] Ridley, R., “A New Continuous-Time Model for Current
Mode Control”, IEEE Transactions on Power
Electronics, Vol. 6, No. 2, April 1991.
16
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008
ISL6755
Shrink Small Outline Plastic Packages (SSOP)
Quarter Size Outline Plastic Packages (QSOP)
N
INDEX
AREA
H
0.25(0.010) M
2
GAUGE
PLANE
INCHES
SYMBOL
3
0.25
0.010
SEATING PLANE
-A-
20 LEAD SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
(0.150” WIDE BODY)
E
-B-
1
M20.15
B M
A
D
L
h x 45¬
-C-

e
A2
A1
B
C
0.10(0.004)
0.17(0.007) M
C A M
B S
NOTES:
1. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2 of
Publication Number 95.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs.
Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15mm
(0.006 inch) per side.
MIN
MILLIMETERS
MAX
MIN
MAX
NOTES
A
0.053
0.069
1.35
1.75
-
A1
0.004
0.010
0.10
0.25
-
A2
-
0.061
-
1.54
-
B
0.008
0.012
0.20
0.30
9
C
0.007
0.010
0.18
0.25
-
D
0.337
0.344
8.56
8.74
3
E
0.150
0.157
3.81
3.98
4
e
0.025 BSC
0.635 BSC
-
H
0.228
0.244
5.80
6.19
-
h
0.0099
0.0196
0.26
0.49
5
L
0.016
0.050
0.41
1.27
6
N

20
0°
20
8°
0°
7
8°
Rev. 1 6/04
4. Dimension “E” does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per
side.
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual index
feature must be located within the crosshatched area.
6. “L” is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.
8. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.
9. Dimension “B” does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.10mm (0.004 inch) total in excess of “B” dimension at maximum material condition.
10. Controlling dimension: INCHES. Converted millimeter dimensions
are not necessarily exact.
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9001 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
17
FN6442.1
September 29, 2008