VLA502-01 Powerex, Inc., 200 E. Hillis Street, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 A Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver + DC/DC Converter C B D E D F 30 1 G REGULATOR 16.4 VDC 1 + 19 VCC 2 DC-DC CONVERTER Viso = 2500VRMS VD 15V – 20 GND 27 SHUTDOWN SPEED ADJUST FAULT LATCH AND TIMER 3 4 28 FAULT VGE DETECTOR 29 ttrip ADJUST 30 VCE DETECT 25 + CONTROL INPUT 5V – 26 6 INTERFACE BUFFER 7 300Ω 23 24 VO 21 OPTO COUPLER 22 VEE Outline Drawing and Circuit Diagram Dimensions A B C D E F G Inches 3.27 1.3 0.61 0.2 0.1 0.45 0.18 Millimeters 83.0 33.0 15.5 5.0 2.54 11.5 4.5 Description: VLA502-01 is a hybrid integrated circuit designed for driving IGBT modules. This device is a fully isolated gate drive circuit consisting of an optimally isolated gate drive amplifier and an isolated DC-to-DC converter. The gate driver provides an over-current protection function based on desaturation detection. Features: £ Built-in Isolated DC-DC Converter for Gate Drive £ Propagation Delay Time: 0.4 µs (Typical) £ SIP Outline Allows More Space on Mounting Area £ Variable Fall Time on ShortCircuit Protection £ Electrical Isolation Voltage Between Input and Output (2500 Vrms for 1 Minute) £ CMOS, TTL Compatible Input Application: To drive IGBT modules for inverter or AC servo systems applications Recommended IGBT Modules: 600V and 1200V NFH Series IGBTs Note: All dimensions listed are maximums except E. Rev. 8/06 1 Powerex, Inc., 200 E. Hillis Street, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA502-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver + DC/DC Converter Absolute Maximum Ratings, Ta = 25°C unless otherwise specified Characteristics Symbol VLA502-01 Units VD -1 ~ 16.5 Volts Input Signal Voltage (Applied between Pin 6 - 7, 50% Duty Cycle, Pulse Width 1ms) Vi -1 ~ 7 Volts Output Voltage (When the Output Voltage is "H") VO VCC Volts Output Current IOHP -12 Amperes (Pulse Width 2µs) IOLP 12 Amperes Isolation Voltage (Sine Wave Voltage 60HZ, for 1 Minute) VISO 2500 Vrms Case Temperature1 (Surface Temperature Opto-coupler Location)*** TC1 85 °C Supply Voltage, DC Case Temperature2 (Surface Temperature Except Opto-coupler Location) TC2 100 °C Operating Temperature (No Condensation Allowable) Topr -20 to 60 °C Storage Temperature (No Condensation Allowable) Tstg -25 to 100* °C Fault Output Current (Applied Pin 28) IFO 20 mA Input Voltage to Pin 30 (Applied Pin 30) VR30 50 Volts Gate Drive Current Idrive 210** mA *Differs from temperature cycle condition. **Refer to Idrive VS. Ta CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) graph. (Needs Derating) ***TC1 Measurement Point (opto-coupler location) MARKING SIDE TC1 MEASUREMENT POINT (OPTO-COUPLER LOCATION) Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics, Ta = 25°C unless otherwise specified, VD = 15V, RG = 2.2 Ω) Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Supply Voltage VD Recommended Range 14.2 15 15.8 Volts Pull-up Voltage on Input Side VIN Recommended Range 4.75 5 5.25 Volts "H" Input Current IIH Recommended Range 9.5 10 14 mA f Recommended Range — — 60 kHz Gate Resistance RG Recommended Range 1 — — Ω "H" Input Current IIH VIN = 5V — 10 — mA Switching Frequency Gate Positive Supply Voltage VCC — 15.2 — 17.5 Volts Gate Negative Supply Voltage VEE — -6 — -11.5 Volts Gate Supply Efficiency Eta Load Current = 210mA 60 75 — % Eta = (VCC + |VEE|) x 0.21 / (15 x ID) x 100 "H" Output Voltage VOH 10kΩ Connected Between Pin 23-20 14 15.3 16.5 Volts "L" Output Voltage VOL 10kΩ Connected Between Pin 23-20 -5.5 — -11 Volts "L-H" Propagation Time tPLH IIH = 10mA 0.25 0.4 0.65 µs tr IIH = 10mA — 0.3 1 µs tPHL IIH = 10mA 0.25 0.4 0.65 µs tf IIH = 10mA — 0.3 1 µs "L-H" Rise Time "H-L" Propagation Time "H-L" Fall Time 2 Rev. 8/06 Powerex, Inc., 200 E. Hillis Street, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA502-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver + DC/DC Converter Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics, Ta = 25°C unless otherwise specified, VD = 15V, RG = 2.2 Ω) Characteristics Symbol Timer ttimer Between Start and Cancel Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units 1 — 2 ms Fault Output Current IFO Applied Pin 28, R = 4.7kΩ — 5 — mA Controlled Time Detect Short-Circuit 1 ttrip1 Pin 30 : 15V and More, Pin 29 : Open — 1.8 — µs Controlled Time Detect Short-Circuit 2* ttrip2 Pin 30 : 15V and More, Pin 29-21, 22 : 10pF — 2.2 — µs SC Detect Voltage VSC Collector Voltage of Module 15 — — Volts (Under Input Sign "L") (Connective Capacitance) *Length of wiring from Ctrip to Pins 21, 22, and 29 must be less than 5cm. 24 VD = 15V Ta = 25C 45 40 22 20 35 30 VCC, |VEE|, (VOLTS) t2 25 20 15 VCC 14 t1 5 12 0 |VEE| 8 6 -20 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 CONNECTIVE CAPACITANCE, Ctrip, (pF) (Pin: 27 – 21) 1.2 VD = 15V RG = 2.2 Ω VIN = 5.0V Load: CM600DU-24NFH 1.0 0.8 0.6 tPHL 0.4 tPLH 0.2 0 -20 0 20 40 60 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, T a, (°C) Rev. 8/06 80 1.4 1.2 60 8 4 80 5.5 0.8 0.2 0 3.0 Ta = 25°C DC Load 0 0.05 0.10 tPLH tPHL 5.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 INPUT SIGNAL VOLTAGE, V I, (VOLTS) 0.20 0.25 VD = 15V RG = 2.2 Ω Load: CM600DU-24NFH 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 ttrip2 (Ctrip = 10pF) 2.0 ttrip1 (Ctrip = 0pF) 1.5 3.5 0.15 ttrip VS. T a CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 6.0 1.0 0.4 VD = 15V VD = 14.2V LOAD CURRENT, IO, (AMPERES) (Pin: 19 – 21, 22) VD = 15V RG = 2.2 Ω Ta = 25°C Load: CM600DU-24NFH 0.6 VD = 15.8V 10 6 tPLH, tPHL VS. V I CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 1.6 PROPAGATION DELAY TIME “L-H”, t PLH, (µs) PROPAGATION DELAY TIME “H-L”, t PHL, (µs) PROPAGATION DELAY TIME “L-H”, t PLH, (µs) PROPAGATION DELAY TIME “H-L”, t PHL, (µs) 1.4 40 12 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, T a, (°C) tPLH, tPHL VS. T a CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 1.6 20 VD = 15V VD = 14.2V 14 10 10 0 VD = 15.8V 16 18 16 VCC, |VEE| VS. IO CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 18 VD = 15V RG = 2.2 Ω Load: CM600DU-24NFH f = 60KHz D.F. = 50% CONTROLLED TIME DETECT SHORT-CIRCUIT, ttrip1, ttrip2, (µs) FALL TIME ON ACTIVITY OF SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION, t1, t2, (µs) 50 VCC, |VEE| VS. T a CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) VCC, |VEE|, (VOLTS) t1, t2 VS. Cs CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 6.0 1.0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, T a, (°C) 3 Powerex, Inc., 200 E. Hillis Street, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA502-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver + DC/DC Converter VD = 15V Ta = 25°C INPUT CURRENT, ID, (AMPERES) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 25 50 75 100 0.15 0.20 10 |VOL| 8 6 4 -20 0.25 0 40 20 80 60 VCC, |VEE| VS. VD CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) Ta VS. Idrive CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 20 VD = 15V Ta = 25°C 18 Ta = 25°C 16 VCC, |VEE|, (VOLTS) EFFICIENCY, Eta, (%) 0.10 12 Eta VS. Idrive CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 50 40 30 20 VCC 14 12 10 |VEE| 8 6 4 10 2 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 GATE DRIVE CURRENT, Idrive, (AMPERES) EFFICIENCY, Eta, (%) 0.05 VOH 14 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, Ta, (°C) 60 70 0.1 16 LOAD CURRENT, IO, (AMPERES) (Pin: 19 – 21, 22) 70 75 0.2 18 CONNECTIVE CAPACITANCE, Ctrip, (pF) (Pin: 29 – 21) 80 0 0.3 0 VD = 15V RG = 2.2 Ω Load: CM600DU-24NFH 20 0.4 0 125 VD = 15V Ta = 25°C 0.5 VOH, |VOL| VS. Ta CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 22 0 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE, VD, (VOLTS) Eta, VS. VD CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) IO = 0.1A Ta = 25°C 0.25 GATE DRIVE CURRENT, Idrive, (AMPERES) CONTROLLED TIME DETECT SHORT-CIRCUIT, ttrip, (µs) 8 ID VS. IO CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 0.6 “H” OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VOH, (VOLTS) “L” OUTPUT VOLTAGE, |VOL|, (VOLTS) ttrip VS. Ctrip CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) 9 0.20 VD = 15V VD = 16.5V 0.15 0.10 0.05 RG = 1.1 Ω Load: CM600DU-24NFH 0 0 20 40 60 80 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, Ta, (°C) SWITCHING TIME DEFINITIONS VIN (PIN 6 TO 7) 65 tr tf 60 90% 55 50% 50 VO 45 10% (PIN 23 TO 22) 40 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 tPLH tPHL 16.5 17.0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE, VD, (VOLTS) 4 Rev. 8/06 Powerex, Inc., 200 E. Hillis Street, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA502-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver + DC/DC Converter Application Circuit ��������� � ���� � � �� ��� �� ��� ������� �� ����� �� �� �� �� ������ �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��� ����� ��� ��� � � ����������� ����� �� ���������� ���� ����������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������� ��� �������� ��������� ��������� �� ���������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������ ��������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �� ������ ���������������������������������� �� ����� �������� ������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������ �������������������������������������������������������������������� �� ������������ ������������������������������������ �� ������������ ��������������������������������������� �� ���������� ���������������������������������� �� ��� �� ����������� ���������� ����������� ����������������������������� ������������������������������������������������ ���������������������������������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������� Rev. 8/06 5 Powerex, Inc., 200 E. Hillis Street, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA502-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver + DC/DC Converter General Description The VLA502-01 is a hybrid integrated circuit designed to provide gate drive for high power IGBT modules. This circuit has been optimized for use with Powerex NFHSeries IGBT modules. However, the output characteristics are compatible with most MOS gated power devices. The VLA502-01 features a compact single-in-line package design. The upright mounting design minimizes printed circuit board space to allow efficient and flexible layout. The VLA502-01 converts logic level control signals into fully isolated +15V/-8V gate drive with up to12A of peak drive current. Isolated drive power is provided by a built in DC-to-DC converter and control signal isolation is provided by an integrated high speed opto-coupler. Short circuit protection is provided by means of destauration detection. Short Circuit Protection Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a typical desaturation detector. In this circuit, a high voltage fast recovery diode (D1) is connected to the IGBT’s collector to monitor the collector to emitter voltage. When the IGBT is in the off state, VCE is high and D1 is reverse biased. With D1 off the (+) input of the comparator is pulled up to the positive gate drive power supply (V+) which is normally +15V. When the IGBT turns on, the comparators (+) input is pulled down by D1 to the IGBT’s VCE(sat). The (-) input of the comparator is supplied with a fixed voltage (Vtrip). During a normal on-state condition the comparator’s (+) input will be less than Vtrip and it’s output will be low. During a normal off-state condition the comparator’s (+) input will be larger than Vtrip and it’s output will be high. If the IGBT turns on into a short circuit, the high current will cause the IGBT’s collector-emitter voltage to rise above Vtrip even though the gate of the IGBT is being driven on. This abnormal presence of high VCE when the IGBT is supposed to be on is often called desaturation. Desaturation can be detected by a logical AND of the driver’s input signal and the comparator output. When the output of the AND goes high a short circuit is indicated. The output of the AND can be used to command the IGBT to shut down in order to protect it from the short circuit. A delay (ttrip) must be provided after the comparator output to allow for the normal turn on time of the IGBT. The ttrip delay is set so that the IGBT's VCE has enough time to fall below Vtrip during normal turn on switching. If ttrip is set too short, erroneous desaturation detection will occur. The maxi- 6 mum allowable ttrip delay is limited by the IGBT’s short circuit withstanding capability. In typical applications using Powerex IGBT modules the recommended limit is 10us. Operation of the VLA502-01 Desaturation Detector The Powerex VLA502-01 incorporates short circuit protection using desaturation detection as described above. A flow chart for the logical operation of the shortcircuit protection is shown in Figure 2. When a desaturation is detected the hybrid gate driver performs a soft shutdown of the IGBT and starts a timed (ttimer) 1.5ms lock out. The soft turn-off helps to limit the transient voltage that may be generated while interrupting the large short circuit current flowing in the IGBT. During the lock out the driver pulls Pin 28 low to indicate the fault status. Normal operation of the driver will resume after the lock-out time has expired and the control input signal returns to its off state. Adjustment of Trip time The VLA502-01 has a default short-circuit detection time delay (ttrip) of approximately 3µs. This will prevent erroneous detection of short-circuit conditions as long as the series gate resistance (RG) is near the minimum recommended value for the module being used. The 3µs delay is appropriate for most applications so adjustment will not be necessary. However, in some low frequency applications it may be desirable to use a larger series gate resistor to slow the switching of the IGBT, reduce noise, and limit turn-off transient �� �� � ����� ����� ������� ����� � ��� �������� ����� ���� ����� �� ���� ������ � � � Figure 1. Desaturation Detector Rev. 8/06 Powerex, Inc., 200 E. Hillis Street, Youngwood, Pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 VLA502-01 Hybrid IC IGBT Gate Driver + DC/DC Converter START IS VCE > VSC NO YES IS INPUT SIGNAL ON NO YES Adjustment of Soft Shutdown Speed DELAY ttrip YES IS VCE > VSC NO YES SLOW SHUTDOWN DISABLE OUTPUT SET FAULT SIGNAL WAIT ttimer YES IS INPUT SIGNAL OFF voltages. When RG is increased, the switching delay time of the IGBT will also increase. If the delay becomes long enough so that the voltage on the detect Pin 30 is greater than VSC at the end of the ttrip delay the driver will erroneously indicate that a short circuit has occurred. To avoid this condition the VLA502-01 has provisions for extending the ttrip delay by connecting a capacitor (Ctrip) between Pin 29 and VEE (Pins 21 and 22). A curve showing the effect of adding Ctrip on time is given in the characteristic data section of this data sheet. The waveform defining trip time (ttrip) is shown in Figure 3. If ttrip is extended care must be exercised not to exceed the short-circuit withstanding capability of the IGBT module. As noted above the VLA502-01 provides a soft turn-off when a short circuit is detected in order to help limit the transient voltage surge that occurs when large short circuit currents are interrupted. The default shutdown speed will work for most applications so adjustment is usually not necessary. In this case CS can be omitted. In some applications using large modules or parallel connected devices it may be helpful to make the shutdown even softer. This can be accomplished by connecting a capacitor (CS) at Pin 27. A curve showing the effect of CS on short circuit fall time (t1, t2) is given in the characteristic data section of this data sheet. The waveform defining the fall time characteristics is shown in Figure 3. ������������ �������� NO YES CLEAR FAULT SIGNAL ENABLE OUTPUT ������������� ���������� ������ ������� ������������� ������ ��� ��� ����� �� ��� �� ��� ��� �� �������� ��� Figure 3. Adjustment of ttrip and Slow Shutdown Speed Figure 2. VLA502-01 Desaturation Detector Rev. 8/06 7