ETC DINK32UM

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
DINK_UM/D
4/2003
Rev.13.1
DINK32
PowerPC™ Debugger
User’s Manual
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Contents
Paragraph
Section
Number
Number
Title
Title
Page
Page
Number
Number
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Features ................................................................................................................ 1-2
What’s New for DINK Since V13.0 .................................................................... 1-3
DINK32 Design Methodology............................................................................. 1-3
Memory Map ....................................................................................................... 1-4
EDINK Memory Map .......................................................................................... 1-5
Chapter 2
Using DINK
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.1.1
2.3.1.2
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.4
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
Communications Setup ........................................................................................ 2-1
Cables............................................................................................................... 2-1
Terminals ......................................................................................................... 2-2
Hyperterm on NT......................................................................................... 2-2
Zterm on Mac .............................................................................................. 2-3
Starting DINK...................................................................................................... 2-3
Running eDINK on a simulator ........................................................................... 2-4
Running eDINK on e500 Core ISS.................................................................. 2-4
sportal_file ................................................................................................... 2-4
sportal_term ................................................................................................. 2-4
Running eDINK on MPC8540 ISS.................................................................. 2-5
Loading Application Elf Binary to Simulated EDINK.................................... 2-5
DINK Model ........................................................................................................ 2-5
Interacting with DINK ......................................................................................... 2-5
Running External Programs............................................................................. 2-6
Assigning Breakpoints..................................................................................... 2-6
Executing Code................................................................................................ 2-7
Displaying Registers ........................................................................................ 2-7
Advanced Features........................................................................................... 2-7
Chapter 3
DINK32 Commands
3.1
MOTOROLA
Definitions ........................................................................................................... 3-1
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Paragraph
Number
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.20.1
3.20.2
3.20.3
3.20.4
3.20.5
3.20.6
3.20.7
3.20.8
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.28.1
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
iv
Title
Page
Number
DINK Command List........................................................................................... 3-2
. (Period) .............................................................................................................. 3-5
About ................................................................................................................... 3-6
Assemble.............................................................................................................. 3-7
Background ........................................................................................................ 3-10
Benchmark ......................................................................................................... 3-11
Boot.................................................................................................................... 3-14
Breakpoint.......................................................................................................... 3-15
Cache ................................................................................................................. 3-17
CPUINFO .......................................................................................................... 3-18
CRC ................................................................................................................... 3-19
DEVDISP........................................................................................................... 3-20
DEVMOD .......................................................................................................... 3-21
DEVTEST.......................................................................................................... 3-23
DISASSEM........................................................................................................ 3-24
Disk.................................................................................................................... 3-26
Download........................................................................................................... 3-28
Echo ................................................................................................................... 3-31
Environment....................................................................................................... 3-32
ENV—BOOT Encoding ................................................................................ 3-34
ENV—IO Encoding....................................................................................... 3-34
ENV —L2CACHE Encoding........................................................................ 3-35
ENV—L2PRIVATE Encoding ...................................................................... 3-36
ENV—L3CACHE Encoding......................................................................... 3-36
ENV—L3PRIVATE Encoding ...................................................................... 3-37
ENV—ONTR Encoding ................................................................................ 3-38
ENV—PROMPT Encoding ........................................................................... 3-38
EX ...................................................................................................................... 3-39
FILESYS............................................................................................................ 3-41
Final Assembly Init............................................................................................ 3-42
Flash................................................................................................................... 3-43
FUPDATE .......................................................................................................... 3-45
FW ..................................................................................................................... 3-48
Go....................................................................................................................... 3-49
GPIC .................................................................................................................. 3-51
DINK32 GPIC Initialization Sequence.......................................................... 3-53
Help.................................................................................................................... 3-55
History ............................................................................................................... 3-56
Identify............................................................................................................... 3-57
Log ..................................................................................................................... 3-58
Memory Compare .............................................................................................. 3-59
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Contents
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Paragraph
Number
3.34
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64
3.65
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69
3.70
3.71
3.72
MOTOROLA
Title
Page
Number
Memory Display ................................................................................................ 3-60
Memory Fill ....................................................................................................... 3-62
Memory Info ...................................................................................................... 3-63
Memory Modify................................................................................................. 3-65
Memory Move ................................................................................................... 3-67
Memory Search.................................................................................................. 3-68
Memory Test ...................................................................................................... 3-69
Menu .................................................................................................................. 3-71
Northbridge Display .......................................................................................... 3-72
Northbridge Modify ........................................................................................... 3-74
Net Info .............................................................................................................. 3-76
.PCI Config List ................................................................................................. 3-77
PCI Display........................................................................................................ 3-79
PCI Map............................................................................................................. 3-80
PCI Modify ........................................................................................................ 3-81
PCI Probe ........................................................................................................... 3-82
Ping .................................................................................................................... 3-83
PX ...................................................................................................................... 3-84
REGDISP........................................................................................................... 3-85
REGMOD .......................................................................................................... 3-89
Reset................................................................................................................... 3-92
SETBAUD ......................................................................................................... 3-93
SQUIT................................................................................................................ 3-94
Show SPRs......................................................................................................... 3-95
STTY ................................................................................................................. 3-96
Switch CPU........................................................................................................ 3-98
SX ...................................................................................................................... 3-99
SYMTAB ......................................................................................................... 3-100
TAU.................................................................................................................. 3-103
Test................................................................................................................... 3-104
Time ................................................................................................................. 3-105
Transparent....................................................................................................... 3-106
Trace................................................................................................................. 3-107
Virtual Host File............................................................................................... 3-108
Virtual Memory File ........................................................................................ 3-109
VQUIT ............................................................................................................. 3-110
Virtual Simulator...............................................................................................3-111
Wait .................................................................................................................. 3-113
Shell Escape ..................................................................................................... 3-114
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Contents
Paragraph
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Title
Page
Number
Appendix A
History of DINK32 Changes
A.1
A.2
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.6
A.7
A.8
A.9
A.10
A.11
A.12
A.13
A.14
A.15
A.16
A.17
A.18
A.19
vi
Version 13.1
April 30, 2003 ................................................................................................. A-1
Version 13.0
November 1, 2002........................................................................................... A-3
Version 12.3
October 25, 2001............................................................................................. A-4
Version 12.2
February 16, 2001 ........................................................................................... A-6
Version 12.1
August 30, 1999.............................................................................................. A-6
Version 12.0
November 30, 1999......................................................................................... A-6
Version 11.0.2
June 1, 1999 .................................................................................................... A-7
Version 11.0.1
May 1, 1999 (Not Released) ........................................................................... A-8
Version 11.0
March 29, 1999 ............................................................................................... A-8
Version 10.7
February 25, 1999 ........................................................................................... A-8
Version 10.6
January 25, 1999 ............................................................................................. A-8
Version 10.5
November 24, 1998......................................................................................... A-9
Version 10.4
November 11, 1998......................................................................................... A-9
Version 10.3
no date............................................................................................................. A-9
Version 10.2
September 11, 1998 ........................................................................................ A-9
Version 10.1
September 10, 1999 ........................................................................................ A-9
Version 9.5
August 5, 1998................................................................................................ A-9
Version 9.4
May 22, 1998 ................................................................................................ A-10
Prior to Version 9.4
Approximately October 10, 1997 ................................................................. A-10
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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Contents
Paragraph
Number
Title
Page
Number
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Appendix B
Example Code
B.1
B.1.1
B.1.2
B.1.3
B.1.4
B.2
B.2.1
B.2.2
B.3
B.3.1
B.3.2
B.4
B.4.1
B.5
B.5.1
B.5.2
B.5.3
B.5.4
B.5.5
B.6
B.6.1
B.6.2
B.7
B.7.1
B.7.2
B.8
B.8.1
B.8.2
B.9
B.9.1
B.9.2
B.10
B.10.1
B.10.2
B.11
B.11.1
B.11.2
B.12
B.12.1
MOTOROLA
agentboot..............................................................................................................B-2
Background......................................................................................................B-2
In This Directory..............................................................................................B-2
Assumptions ....................................................................................................B-2
Usage ...............................................................................................................B-2
Dink_demo...........................................................................................................B-3
Building ...........................................................................................................B-3
Function Addresses..........................................................................................B-3
Dhrystone - mwnosc ............................................................................................B-3
Building ...........................................................................................................B-3
Function Addresses..........................................................................................B-4
l1test and l1teststd................................................................................................B-4
Building ...........................................................................................................B-4
l2sizing.................................................................................................................B-4
In This Directory..............................................................................................B-4
Assumptions ....................................................................................................B-4
Usage ...............................................................................................................B-4
To Build ...........................................................................................................B-5
Notes ................................................................................................................B-5
backsideL2test .....................................................................................................B-5
Building ...........................................................................................................B-5
Function Addresses..........................................................................................B-5
lab4 (excimer only) ..............................................................................................B-5
Building ...........................................................................................................B-5
Function Addresses..........................................................................................B-6
memspeed ............................................................................................................B-6
Building ...........................................................................................................B-6
Function Addresses..........................................................................................B-6
printtest ................................................................................................................B-6
Building ...........................................................................................................B-6
Function Addresses..........................................................................................B-6
testfile...................................................................................................................B-7
Building ...........................................................................................................B-7
Function Addresses..........................................................................................B-7
l3test.....................................................................................................................B-7
Building ...........................................................................................................B-7
Function Addresses..........................................................................................B-7
SPINIT .................................................................................................................B-8
Building ...........................................................................................................B-8
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Paragraph
Number
B.12.2
B.13
B.13.1
B.13.2
B.14
B.14.1
B.14.2
B.15
B.15.1
B.15.2
B.16
B.16.1
B.16.2
B.17
B.17.1
B.17.2
Title
Page
Number
Status................................................................................................................B-8
duart_8245 ...........................................................................................................B-8
Building ...........................................................................................................B-8
Usage ...............................................................................................................B-9
galileo - mvp only ................................................................................................B-9
Building ...........................................................................................................B-9
Usage .............................................................................................................B-10
galileo_read_write - mvp only ...........................................................................B-10
Building .........................................................................................................B-10
Usage .............................................................................................................B-10
linpack................................................................................................................B-10
Building .........................................................................................................B-10
Usage .............................................................................................................B-10
watch - excimer only..........................................................................................B-10
Building .........................................................................................................B-11
Usage .............................................................................................................B-11
Appendix C
Building and Extending DINK
C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4
C.4.1
C.4.1.1
C.5
C.5.1
C.5.2
Obtaining DINK32 Source ..................................................................................C-1
Building DINK32 ................................................................................................C-1
DINK Software Build Process .............................................................................C-1
Installation ...........................................................................................................C-3
Sandpoint .........................................................................................................C-3
Excimer and Maximer .................................................................................C-3
Extending DINK ..................................................................................................C-4
Writing Commands..........................................................................................C-4
Linking Commands .........................................................................................C-6
Appendix D
User-Callable DINK Functions
D.1
D.2
D.3
D.4
D.5
D.6
viii
General Information............................................................................................ D-1
Methodology and Implementation...................................................................... D-1
Setting Up Static Locations ................................................................................ D-3
Using the Dynamic Functions............................................................................. D-4
Error Conditions ................................................................................................. D-5
Alternative Method for Metaware Only ............................................................. D-5
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Number
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Appendix E
MPC8240 Drivers
E.1
E.1.1
E.1.2
E.1.3
E.1.4
E.1.5
E.1.5.1
E.1.6
E.2
E.2.1
E.2.2
E.2.3
E.2.3.1
E.2.3.2
E.2.4
E.2.4.1
E.2.5
E.2.5.1
E.2.6
E.3
E.3.1
E.3.1.1
E.3.1.2
E.3.1.3
E.3.1.4
E.3.1.4.1
E.3.1.4.2
E.3.1.4.3
E.3.2
E.3.2.1
E.3.2.2
E.3.2.3
E.3.2.3.1
E.3.2.3.2
E.3.2.4
E.3.2.4.1
E.3.2.4.2
E.3.2.4.3
E.4
MOTOROLA
MPC8240 DMA Memory Controller ..................................................................E-1
Background......................................................................................................E-1
Overview..........................................................................................................E-2
DMA Application Program Interface (API) ....................................................E-3
API Example Usage.........................................................................................E-4
DMA Driver Library Internals (DLI) ..............................................................E-6
Common Data Structures and Values ..........................................................E-6
Function Descriptions of DMA Driver Library Internals..............................E-10
MPC8240 I2C Driver Library............................................................................E-12
Background....................................................................................................E-12
Overview........................................................................................................E-13
I2C Application Program Interface (API) .....................................................E-13
API Functions Description ........................................................................E-13
API Example Usage...................................................................................E-15
I2C Driver Library Internals (DLI)................................................................E-17
Common Data Structures and Values ........................................................E-17
Kahlua I2C Driver Library Internals Function Descriptions .........................E-18
DLI Functions Written but Not Used and Not Tested ...............................E-24
I2C Support Functions ...................................................................................E-25
MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver .........................................................................E-26
I2O Description of Doorbell Communication Between Agent and Host ......E-26
System Startup and Memory Map Initialization........................................E-26
Interrupt Service Routines: I2O_ISR_host() and I2O_ISR_agent()..........E-27
Enable Doorbell Interrupts ........................................................................E-28
Writing and Reading Doorbell Registers...................................................E-29
Host Rings an Agent via Agent’s Inbound Doorbell .............................E-29
Agent Rings a Host via Agent’s Outbound Doorbell ............................E-29
Descriptions of the I2O Library Functions............................................E-32
I2C Driver Library .........................................................................................E-34
Background................................................................................................E-34
Overview....................................................................................................E-34
I2C Application Program Interface (API) .................................................E-35
API Functions Description ....................................................................E-35
API Example Usage...............................................................................E-36
I2C Driver Library Internals (DLI)............................................................E-38
Common Data Structures and Values ....................................................E-39
Kahlua I2C Driver Library Internals Function Descriptions.................E-40
I2C Support Functions...........................................................................E-46
MPC8240 EPIC Interrupt Driver .......................................................................E-47
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Paragraph
Number
E.4.1
E.4.2
E.4.2.1
E.4.2.2
E.4.2.3
E.4.3
E.4.4
E.4.5
E.4.5.1
E.4.5.2
E.4.5.2.1
E.4.5.2.2
E.4.5.2.3
E.4.5.2.4
E.4.6
E.4.7
E.4.8
E.4.9
E.4.9.1
E.4.9.2
E.4.9.3
E.4.10
Title
Page
Number
General Description .......................................................................................E-47
EPIC Specifics ...............................................................................................E-47
Embedded Utilities Memory Block (EUMB)............................................E-48
EPIC Register Summary............................................................................E-48
EPIC Modes...............................................................................................E-48
Drivers/Epic Directory Structure ...................................................................E-49
EPIC Cross-Reference Table Structure .........................................................E-49
EPIC Sample Routines ..................................................................................E-50
Low-Level Routines ..................................................................................E-50
High Level Routines ..................................................................................E-51
EPIC Initialization Routines ..................................................................E-51
High Level Exception Handler ..............................................................E-51
Direct/Serial Register Control Routines ................................................E-52
Global Timer Register Control Routines ...............................................E-52
EPIC Commands in DINK32 ........................................................................E-52
EPIC Unit Startup ..........................................................................................E-53
External Interrupt Exception Path in DINK32 ..............................................E-54
Example Usage on Sandpoint Reference Platform........................................E-55
Sandpoint X2 Reference Platform .............................................................E-55
Initializing EPIC on Sandpoint X2 ............................................................E-55
Running the EPIC on Sandpoint X3..........................................................E-58
Code and Documentation Updates ................................................................E-60
Appendix F
S-Record Format Description
F.1
F.2
F.3
F.4
General Format .................................................................................................... F-1
Specific Formats .................................................................................................. F-2
Examples.............................................................................................................. F-3
Summary of Formats ........................................................................................... F-3
Appendix G
Networking Support
G.1
G.2
Troubleshooting Hints......................................................................................... G-3
Known Limitations in Telnet Console ................................................................ G-3
Appendix H
Converting Dink32 to Little Endian
H.1
x
General Information............................................................................................ H-1
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Paragraph
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Page
Number
Preparation .......................................................................................................... H-1
Explanation ......................................................................................................... H-2
Two Important Considerations ....................................................................... H-2
Copy Algorithm .............................................................................................. H-2
Little Endian Swap Instruction Sequence................................................... H-4
DINKLE V7.0 10/8/97 makefile .................................................................... H-4
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
H.2
H.3
H.3.1
H.3.2
H.3.2.1
H.3.3
Title
MOTOROLA
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Number
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Number
xii
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Figures
Figure
Number
Serial Cable Wiring....................................................................................................... 2-1
DINK32/MDINK32 Directory Organization................................................................C-3
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2-1
C-1
Title
Page
Number
MOTOROLA
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Figures
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Tables
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Table
Number
1-1
1-2
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
C-1
D-1
D-2
F-1
F-2
Title
Page
Number
DINK Address Map..................................................................................................... 1-4
EDINK Memory Map.................................................................................................. 1-6
DINK Command List .................................................................................................. 3-2
IDE Drive Letter Association .................................................................................... 3-26
Environment Names .................................................................................................. 3-33
Term Strings .............................................................................................................. 3-35
L3 Cache Descriptions .............................................................................................. 3-36
String Expansions ...................................................................................................... 3-38
DINK32 File Formats .................................................................................................C-2
DINK32 Dynamic Names .......................................................................................... D-3
dinkusr.s Functions..................................................................................................... D-4
SRecord Formats......................................................................................................... F-2
Summary of Formats in Bytes .................................................................................... F-4
MOTOROLA
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Tables
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Chapter 1
Introduction
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DINK is an acronym for Demonstrative Interactive Nano Kernel.
DINK32 is a flexible software tool enabling initialization, evaluation, and debugging of the
PowerPC™ 32-bit microprocessors. The introduction of the PowerPC architecture
provided an opportunity to create an interactive debugger independent from previous debug
monitors. Since this family of microprocessors spans a wide market range, DINK32 has to
be extensible and portable, as well as being specific enough to be useful for a wide variety
of applications. It is designed to be both a hardware and software debugging tool. DINK32
was written in ANSI C and built with modular routines around a central core. Only a few
necessary functions were written in PowerPC assembly. This document describes the
DINK32 software, the DINK32 command set, utilities, user program execution, errors and
exceptions, and restrictions.
DINK supports numerous compilers, compilation options, and target platforms. Some of
these are used often enough to warrant a distinctive name:
DINK
Standard DINK
MDINK
Minimal DINK—fits in one sector of the Excimer/Maximer flash
and can load standard DINK32 into the remainder. Only available
with Excimer—no source or downloadable code is available.
VDINK
Virtual DINK—a version of DINK which runs under Linux, Unix, or
Windows and can emulate both DINK and the 32-bit PowerPC ISA
sufficiently to emulate itself.
EDINK
DINK for the e500 core processor.
SADINK
Standalone DINK. For the UnityX4 MPC8245 or UnityLC X1
MPC8241, standalone DINK runs on the MPMC module outside of
the Sandpoint environment (see Motorola Application Note
AN2207, Using the MPMC8245 Card in Standalone Mode).
However, in this user’s manual, all versions of DINK will be referred to as DINK unless a
particular variant is specifically referred to.
Starting with release R12.3, source files are not supplied for all functions of DINK32 (but
are present for the DINK drivers, demos, and utilities). All chapters dealing with the full
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1-1
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Features
source assume that the user has requested a license for these from a Motorola Sales
representative or from the Motorola DINK32 website.
There is no requirement to obtain any of these sources in order to use the DINK32 S-records
supplied on the DINK32 web site above.
1.1
Features
The DINK32 software package provides:
•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1-2
Supports the MPC601, MPC603, MPC603e, MPC604, MPC604e, MPC740,
MPC750, MPC7400, MPC7410, MPC7450, MPC7455, MPC7457, MPC8240, and
MPC8245.
Supports the e500 core using the core Instruction Set Simulator (ISS). See Motorola
Application Note AN2336, Creating edink from DINK32 Code Using the e500 ISS.
Modification and display of general purpose, floating point, AltiVec™, and special
purpose registers.
Assembly and disassembly of PowerPC instructions for modification and display of
code.
Modification, display, and movement of system memory.
A simplified breakpoint command, allowing setting, displaying, and removing
breakpoints.
Single-step trace and continued execution from a specified address.
Automatic decompression of compressed s-record files while downloading.
Extensive on-line help.
Ability to execute user-assembled and/or downloaded software in a controlled
environment.
Logging function for generating a transcript of a debugging session.
Register set includes all of the implementation specific registers.
Modification of memory at byte, half-word, word, and double-word lengths.
Extensive support for the MPC60x, MPC74x, MPC75x, and MPC74x0 simplified
or extended mnemonics during assembly and disassembly of PowerPC instructions.
Ability to input immediate values to the assembler as binary, decimal, or
hexadecimal.
Command line download functionality that allows the user to select the download
port and then send the data.
An assembler and disassembler that understands branch labels and the ability to see
and clear the branch table that DINK32 is using while assembling and disassembling
PowerPC instructions.
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Inc.
What’s New for DINK Since V13.0
•
•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.2
•
•
•
•
Ability to read and write MPC106 configuration registers. (Not supported on
Excimer and Maximer.)
Support for PCI with new ‘pci-’ commands. (Not supported in minimal builds, i.e.,
Excimer and Maximer.)
Support for Excimer and Maximer flash, fl –dsi and –se, and automatically detect
flash on Revision 2 versus Revision 3 of the board. fl -dsi has been expanded to
display the memory range for each sector.
Support for Excimer and Maximer flash, fl -sp, and -su.
Support for the Max chip and AltiVec registers and instructions.
Support for the Kahlua chip MPC8240 and MPC8245.
Support for the MPC107 memory bridge.
Support for dynamically assigned DINK function addresses and variables for
downloaded programs, see Appendix D, “User-Callable DINK Functions.”
Support for Yellowknife and Sandpoint flash ROMs, fu command.
Support for multiprocessing MVP platform.
Support for remote access via TELNET protocol
Support for network download via TFTP
What’s New for DINK Since V13.0
Support for the MPC7447/7457
Enhancements to numerous commands including download and env
Support of EDINK enhanced
New and better assembler and disassembler integrated
See Appendix A, “History of DINK32 Changes,” for more details.
1.3
DINK32 Design Methodology
The modular design of the DINK32 program, its extensive commenting, and its design
methodology enable efficient user modification of the code. Thus, DINK32 provides a
flexible and powerful framework for users who desire additional functionality.
The DINK32 software package can be executed on microprocessor boards that include the
following devices and minimum memory configuration:
•
•
MPC60x, MPC74x, MPC75x, MPC824x, and MPC74xx microprocessors.
Industry-standard ‘PC16x50’ serial port (such as the National Semiconductor
PC87308 DUART (Yellowknife and Sandpoint Reference Design) or PC16552
DUART (Excimer and Maximer Minimal Evaluation Board)).
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Memory Map
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•
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512 Kbyte EPROM or Flash
512 Kbyte RAM
EDINK software package can be executed on simulators or microprocessor boards that
include the following devices and minimum memory configuration:
•
•
MPC8540 Instruction Set Simulator
e500 core Instruction Set Simulator
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Also, on microprocessor boards such as the ‘Mars:Elysium’ MPC8540 reference board that
include the following devices:
•
•
•
Flash on LCS0
At least 64 MB DDR SDRAM
Internal DUART
Note that DINK does not currently support the MPC8560, lacking the required DUART.
Future revisions will support the HDLC UART and/or the ‘Mars:Arcadia’ motherboard
UART through PCI.
1.4
Memory Map
The memory model for DINK32 is shown in Table 1-1. The exception vectors and
exception code are located within address offsets 0x0000–0x2100. The DINK32 code
through 0x7FFFF is copied from the EPROM to RAM so that the data structures can be
modified at run time. For example, the data structures for the chip registers need to be
modified when the ‘register modify’ command is executed.
The EPROM must be located at address 0xFFF00000 because this is the beginning of the
exception address space at system reset. The RAM must be located at address 0x00000000,
since this is the low-memory exception address space, where the DINK32 code will be
copied. Available user memory space begins at address 0x100000 and ends at the RAM’s
upper boundary; address space below 0x100000 is reserved for DINK32.
DINK32 sets the stack pointer, GPR1, to one of the addresses shown for the indicated
processor and to maintain isolation between user’s and DINK’s stack.
Table 1-1. DINK Address Map
Address
1-4
Description
0xFFFF_FFFF
End of ROM space
0xFFF7_FFFF
End of DINK32 code
0xFFF0_0100
Start of DINK vectors (reset vector)
0xFFF0_0000
Start of DINK image
0xFFEF_FFFF
End of replicated flash images
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1
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EDINK Memory Map
Table 1-1. DINK Address Map (continued)
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Address
Description
Notes
1
0xFF80_0000
Start of replicated flash images
0xFF7F_0000
End of secondary flash images
0xFF00_0000
Start of secondary flash images
0xFEFF_FFFF
End of PCI aperture
0x8000_0000
Start of PCI aperture
0x7FFF_FFFF
End of user space
0x0010_0000
Start of user space
2
0x000F_FFFF
Bottom of CPU0 DINK stack
3
0x000E_0000
Top of CPU0 DINK stack
0x000D_FFFF
Bottom of CPU1 DINK stack
0x000C_0000
Top of CPU1 DINK stack
0x000B_FFFF
Bottom of CPU1 user stack
0x000A_0000
Top of CPU1 user stack
0x0009_FFFF
Bottom of CPU0 user stack
0x0008_0000
Top of CPU0 user stack
0x0007_FFFF
Top of ‘.data’ section
End of Excimer/Maximer ENV storage
4
0x0007_F000
Start of Excimer/Maximer ENV storage
4
0x0004_0000
Bottom of ‘.data’ section (read-write data)
0x0003_03FF
Top of ‘.rodata’ section
0x0002_FD00
Bottom of ‘.rodata’ section (read-only data)
0x0002_FFFF
End of ‘.text’ section
0x0000_3000
Start of ‘.text’ section (code)
0x0000_2FFF
End of exception table
0x0000_0000
Start of exception table
1
Due to incomplete address decoding, other images of the DINK program will
appear at various addresses.
2 This is the new recommended user download address.
3 Note that stacks grow down, so ‘top’ and ‘bottom’ have opposite senses.
4 For Excimer/Maximer, part of the code space is used for NVRAM emulation;
Excimer/Maximer builds of DINK are typically smaller and can accommodate
this (no networking support, etc.)
1.5
EDINK Memory Map
Unlike processors that implement the classic PowerPC architecture, the e500 is based on
the embedded PowerPC architecture (Book E). These processors use TLBs rather than BAT
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EDINK Memory Map
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registers. For a detailed description of TLB entries and how to program them refer to the
MPC8540 or MPC8560 processor’s reference manual.
At reset, a 4K memory space is predefined starting at 0xFFFF_F000 with supervisor read,
write, and execute permission. This memory area is caching inhibited. This startup code (in
‘startup.S’) sets up the processor, the TLBs (to enable more than 4K), the Local Access
Windows (LAWs) to access internal peripherals, and then corresponding embedded device
setup.
Note that the CCSRBAR is relocated from the default 0xFF70_0000 to 0xFC00_0000.
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Once initialization is complete and the system has been setup, the memory map shown in
Table is available.
Table 1-2. EDINK Memory Map
Start Address
End Address
Size
(MB)
TLB
LAW
BR/OR
FF00_0000
FFFF_FFFF
16
0
0
0
Flash array #1
FE00_0000
FEFF_FFFF
16
1
Flash array #2
FD10_0000
FDFF_FFFF
15
—
Unused
FD00_0000
FD0F_FFFF
1
2
8K NVRAM
FC10_0000
FCFF_FFFF
15
—
—
Unused
FC00_0000
FC0F_FFFF
1
—
—
CCSRBAR
F000_0000
FBFF_FFFF
192
—
—
Unused
E000_0000
EFFF_FFFF
256
3
—
—
Unused; test
C000_0000
DFFF_FFFF
—
—
—
—
Unused
A000_0000
BFFF_FFFF
512
6&7
3
—
RapidIO I/O
9000_0000
9FFF_FFFF
256
5
2
—
PCI IO space
8000_0000
8FFF_FFFF
256
4
—
PCI memory space
2000_0000
7FFF_FFFF
—
—
—
—
Unused
0000_0000
1FFF_FFFF
512
1&2
1
—
DDR SDRAM
Description
Note that some address spaces require more than one TLB to be covered. For details, see Motorola
Application Note AN2336, Creating edink from DINK32 Code Using the e500 ISS.
1-6
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Chapter 2
Using DINK
DINK works with a wide variety of platforms. The only essential features needed to
communicate with it is a serial cable connected to a terminal and a terminal or a terminal
emulator program on a computer.
This chapter covers the setup and use of DINK.
2.1
Communications Setup
The following sections describe the hardware and settings necessary to communicate with
DINK.
2.1.1
Cables
The cable between the target system (Sandpoint, Excimer/Maximer, MVP, Arcadia,
Elysium) must be a “null-modem” cable—i.e., a cable designed for connecting two
computers together.
For the Macintosh, the following cable may be created:
Mac Pins
PC Pins
1
6
2
1,7,8
3
2
4
5
5
3
6
NC
7
NC
8
5
Male DIN8 Mac Cable
Female DB9 PC Cable
4
5
3
2
1
7
6
9
8
7
6
8
5
3
4
1
2
Notice the Gap Between
Pins 4 and 5
Figure 2-1. Serial Cable Wiring
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Communications Setup
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Terminals
There are numerous terminal emulator programs available, in all cases the following
settings should be specified:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
•
•
•
•
•
•
Baud rate—9,600
Bits—8
Parity—N
Stop bits—1
Flow control—None
Terminal—VT100
Note that 9600 baud is slow but can be easily changed to default to other values, up to
115,200 in most cases.
2.1.2.1
Hyperterm on NT
In addition to the above, set these properties:
•
•
•
Function—terminal keys checked
Emulation—ANSI
Backscrool buffer lines—500
Use this ASCII setup:
•
•
•
•
ASCII sending
— Send line ends with line feeds—unchecked
— Echo typed character locally—unchecked
Line delay—0
Character delay—0
ASCII receiving
— Wrap lines that exceed teminal width—checked
— All others unchecked
Use these settings:
•
•
•
•
•
2-2
Baud —9600 (default)
Data bits—8
Parity—none
Stop bits—1
Flow control—none
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2.1.2.2
Starting DINK
Zterm on Mac
Under Settings, go to Connection and set only the following:
•
•
•
•
•
Service name: SENDIT
Data rate: 9600
Data bits: 8
Parity: none
Stop bits: 1
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Under Settings, go to Terminal and set only the following:
•
•
Don't drop DTR on exit
PC ANSI-BBS
Under Settings, go to Text Packing and only set the following:
•
•
Delay between chars: 0
Delay between lines: 1
Under Settings, go to Modem preferences and make sure there is nothing set in this window.
All other settings should be the default.
To use Z-Term connect excimer and power it on. Z-Term should automatically detect it and
display the bootup output on the screen.
2.2
Starting DINK
Once the terminal program is running, turn on the power to the Sandpoint,
Excimer/Maximer, MVP, or other platform. After a short pause, the DINK prompt should
appear:
I/O system initialized...
Memory Enabled: [ 128MB at CL=2 ]
Caches Enabled: [ L1-ICache L1-DCache L2Cache(256K) ]
Register Inits: [ 32 GPRs, 32 FPRs, 255 SPRs, 32 VECs ]
##
##
##
#######
##
##
##
##
##
##
######
(
MOTOROLA
(
(
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
#######
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
( (AltiVec) )
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
######
##
##
##
##
)
)
)
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Running eDINK on a simulator
Version
Released :
Written by
System
Processor
Memory
: 13.1, GCC Build
April 30, 2003, Built on April 30, 2003 11:28:00
: Motorola’s RISC Applications Group, Austin, TX
: Sandpoint X3 with Valis MPC7455
: MPC7450 V2.3 @ 1250 MHz, Memory @ 133 MHz
: 128MB at 3/1/1/1
Copyright Motorola Inc. 1993-2003
Refer to ‘history.c’ for release info, changes, errata and fixes.
DINK32[MPC7455] {1} >>
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2.3
Running eDINK on a simulator
Besides hardware, eDINK runs on an e500 Core Instruction Set Simulator (ISS) or
MPC8540 ISS.
2.3.1
Running eDINK on e500 Core ISS
1. Setup the following variables:
a) export ISS_BIN_PATH=$MODEL_PATH/bin
b) export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$MODEL_PATH/simPortal/sim/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_P
ATH
2. cd to directory containing the edink executables
3. Run ISS
4. source sportal_file or source sportal_term
5. go
2.3.1.1
sportal_file
The sportal_file contains the following lines. The lines setup the sportal to read and write
to/from files instead of a simulator terminal. Writing and reading to files is used for
regression testing or running in batch mode. Read the ISS user manual for details.
sportal open
sportal sim_stdin src/my_stdin
sportal sim_stdout my_stdout
sportal sim_stderr my_stderr
ld obj/edink.src
2.3.1.2
sportal_term
The sportal_term contains the following lines. The lines setup the sportal to read and write
to a simulator terminal.
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DINK Model
sportal open
sportal sim_stdall term
ld obj/edink.src
2.3.2
Running eDINK on MPC8540 ISS
1. Read the MPC8540 ISS for environment setup and other requirements
2. Load the edink image using the simulator’s load command
3. Run the edink image using the simulator’s run command
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NOTE: The MPC8540 ISS doesn’t support the sportal. However, the simulator must be run
with the -s option to enable a serial terminal.
2.3.3
Loading Application Elf Binary to Simulated EDINK
The best way to load an application to edink is through the simulator. The same commands
used to load edink into the simulator can be used to load an application elf binary. It is
important that the application be linked at 0x1000000 as there is no option in the simulator
for an offsetted load.
2.4
DINK Model
There are two sets of registers maintained in DINK32. One for DINK and one for the user.
While the user is running DINK32, the DINK register set is active in the hardware. The
user register set is maintained in a table. Register commands access this user table. When
the user does a go or trace command, the DINK hardware registers are stored in the DINK
table and the user registers are loaded from the table into the hardware. Then control is
transferred to the user program. Whenever control is returned to DINK, either via an error
or a step or user code completion, the registers are again swapped.
2.5
Interacting with DINK
When DINK has successfully initialized the target platform, it then starts up the DINK shell
which can be used to execute many built-in tasks (modify/display memory, assemble
programs) or can execute downloaded or flash-resident commands.
While using the DINK shell, terminal emulators that support VT102-sequences can be used
to map the up, down, left, and right arrows. Up and down arrows recall previously executed
commands from the ‘history buffer’ (a list of each command entered). Right and left
arrows, as well as the backspace and DEL keys can be used to move the cursor and edit the
line.
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Otherwise (if not an editing or VT102 sequence), DINK stores the characters into a buffer
until a newline character is seen (0x0A—generally ENTER on the keyboard). Once a line
is complete, the DINK shell looks for the presence of a semicolon (;), indicating that more
than one command is present. If found, DINK separates the line into one or more
commands and executes them separately. For example, the command ‘rd r; md 1000’ will
display the register file and memory starting at location 0x1000.
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For each command portion, DINK examines the line and alters it according to these rules:
— The character ‘$’ followed by an existing environment variable name is replaced
with the value of the environment variable. For example, assuming ‘env
RX=r3-r7,r15-r31’ has been defined, ‘rd $RX’ will show the indicated registers.
— The characters ‘@R’ followed by a number from 0 to 31 are replaced with the
contents of the indicated GPR. For example, ‘md @R1’ shows memory at the
current stack pointer.
— The quote characters (‘, “) prevent DINK from examining/altering the value
between the starting quote and the ending quote. For example, “env RD=@R1”
sets the variable RD to “@R1”, literally.
Once the command has been edited as stated previously, it is passed to the various programs
for further interpretation. Entering ‘help’ shows a list of commands, and ‘help’ plus the
command name (such as he rd) shows details on command options.
2.5.1
Running External Programs
In order to run user programs, the user must compile and link a program to start at
0x100000 or higher. Various PowerPC compilers are available to convert user programs to
executable files.
Once the file is ready, it needs to be transferred to DINK’s memory space. DINK supports
S-record or binary file (including ELF), and such files can be downloaded either through a
serial port or by ethernet. Once in memory, the loaded code can be set into action with either
a go or trace command. The demo directory and Appendix B, “Example Code,” have
examples of compiling programs for this purpose.
2.5.2
Assigning Breakpoints
A breakpoint halts execution of user code at arbitrary locations, allowing inspection of the
processor and memory state at a particular point. Breakpoints are set with the ‘bp’
command along with one or more desired stop-point addresses. When ‘go’ or ‘tr’ are used
to run code, execution will be halted and DINK will restart when any breakpoint addresses
are encountered.
Executing ‘go’ or ‘tr’ on top of a breakpoint deletes the breakpoint—this allows ease in
stepping over a breakpoint, but caution is required for breakpoints in loops.
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2.5.3
Interacting with DINK
Executing Code
Code can begin executing with the go command. Code will execute until either an error
occurs (such as an exception) or until the program exits with a return to DINK. Exceptions
are reported by DINK, which regains control. DINK sets up a stack for the user and places
DINK’s return address in the link register. Thus, the user can return to DINK via this return
address.
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2.5.4
Displaying Registers
Registers are displayed by the register display, rd command. The modify register, rm
command is used to modify registers. These commands do not affect the actual hardware
registers at the time the command is entered. Rather they affect the user register set
maintained by dink. The go and trace commands actually copy the registers to the hardware
before the user code begins executing.
2.5.5
Advanced Features
DINK contains an assembler, command ‘as’ and a disassembler, command ‘ds.’
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Interacting with DINK
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Chapter 3
DINK32 Commands
This chapter describes the DINK32 user commands. The full command mnemonic is listed
in the upper left-hand corner and the short command (abbreviation) is listed next in smaller
type. All commands listed (except fw -e) are available to DINK32, those commands
available to MDINK32 are marked as MDINK32 Compatible.
Commands appear in boldface throughout this chapter.
NOTE
All addresses entered must be in hexadecimal but not preceded
by ‘0x.’
Leading zeros will be added as needed.
3.1
Definitions
MDINK32 compatible This command is also available in MDINK32. Where commands
are different between MDINK32 and DINK32, the DINK32 format
will be shown first.
Plus
Usually implies that the command form includes ‘+.’ This allows
the command to continue to the next stopping place appropriate for
its functionality.
Range
Indicates a two-address form, and usually signifies an inclusive
area of code or memory that will be operated on by the command.
Entire family
Refers to a family of registers. The general purpose registers are a
family of thirty-two 32-bit registers, numbered 0 to 31. The
floating-point registers are a family of thirty-two 64-bit registers,
numbered 0 to 31. The AltiVec registers are a family of thirty-two
128-bit registers, numbered 0 to 31.The special purpose registers
are not classified as a family due to their architectural design.
x
Typing ‘x’ will exit a command if DINK32 is in an interactive
mode when a particular command form is used.
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3-1
DINK Command List
3.2
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DINK Command List
The DINK command list is shown in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1. DINK Command List
Command
.
about
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assemble
Section 3.3, “. (Period),” on page 3-5
Section 3.4, “About,” on page 3-6
Section 3.5, “Assemble,” on page 3-7
background
Section 3.6, “Background,” on page 3-10
benchmark
Section 3.7, “Benchmark,” on page 3-11
boot
breakpoint
Section 3.8, “Boot,” on page 3-14
Section 3.9, “Breakpoint,” on page 3-15
cache
Section 3.10, “Cache,” on page 3-17
cpuinfo
Section 3.11, “CPUINFO,” on page 3-18
crc
Section 3.12, “CRC,” on page 3-19
device display
Section 3.13, “DEVDISP,” on page 3-20
device modify
Section 3.14, “DEVMOD,” on page 3-21
device test
Section 3.15, “DEVTEST,” on page 3-23
disassemble
disk
download
echo
environment
expr
filesys
final setup
flash
flash update
Section 3.16, “DISASSEM,” on page 3-24
Section 3.17, “Disk,” on page 3-26
Section 3.18, “Download,” on page 3-28
Section 3.19, “Echo,” on page 3-31
Section 3.20, “Environment,” on page 3-32
Section 3.21, “EX,” on page 3-39
Section 3.22, “FILESYS,” on page 3-41
Section 3.23, “Final Assembly Init,” on page 3-42
Section 3.24, “Flash,” on page 3-43
Section 3.25, “FUPDATE,” on page 3-45
flash write
Section 3.26, “FW,” on page 3-48
go
Section 3.27, “Go,” on page 3-49
gpic
Section 3.28, “GPIC,” on page 3-51
help
Section 3.29, “Help,” on page 3-55
history
Section 3.30, “History,” on page 3-56
identify
Section 3.31, “Identify,” on page 3-57
log
memory compare
3-2
Section
Section 3.32, “Log,” on page 3-58
Section 3.33, “Memory Compare,” on page 3-59
DINK32 PowerPC Debugger User’s Manual
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DINK Command List
Table 3-1. DINK Command List (continued)
Command
memory display
Section 3.34, “Memory Display,” on page 3-60
memory fill
Section 3.35, “Memory Fill,” on page 3-62
memory info
Section 3.36, “Memory Info,” on page 3-63
memory modify
Section 3.37, “Memory Modify,” on page 3-65
memory move
Section 3.38, “Memory Move,” on page 3-67
memory search
Section 3.39, “Memory Search,” on page 3-68
memory test
menu
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Section
Section 3.40, “Memory Test,” on page 3-69
Section 3.41, “Menu,” on page 3-71
northbridge display Section 3.42, “Northbridge Display,” on page 3-72
northbridge modify
net initialize
Section 3.43, “Northbridge Modify,” on page 3-74
Section 3.44, “Net Info,” on page 3-76
PCI bus probe
Section 3.49, “PCI Probe,” on page 3-82
PCI config list
Section 3.45, “.PCI Config List,” on page 3-77
PCI register display Section 3.46, “PCI Display,” on page 3-79
PCI map
Section 3.47, “PCI Map,” on page 3-80
PCI register modify Section 3.48, “PCI Modify,” on page 3-81
ping
px
Section 3.51, “PX,” on page 3-84
register display
Section 3.52, “REGDISP,” on page 3-85
register modify
Section 3.53, “REGMOD,” on page 3-89
reset
set baud rate
squit
Section 3.54, “Reset,” on page 3-92
Section 3.55, “SETBAUD,” on page 3-93
Section 3.56, “SQUIT,” on page 3-94
switch cpu
Section 3.59, “Switch CPU,” on page 3-98
show SPRs
Section 3.57, “Show SPRs,” on page 3-95
stty
Section 3.58, “STTY,” on page 3-96
sx
Section 3.60, “SX,” on page 3-99
symbol table
Section 3.61, “SYMTAB,” on page 3-100
tau
Section 3.62, “TAU,” on page 3-103
test
Section 3.63, “Test,” on page 3-104
time
Section 3.64, “Time,” on page 3-105
transparent mode
trace
MOTOROLA
Section 3.50, “Ping,” on page 3-83
Section 3.65, “Transparent,” on page 3-106
Section 3.66, “Trace,” on page 3-107
Chapter 3. DINK32 Commands
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DINK Command List
Table 3-1. DINK Command List (continued)
Command
Section
virtual host file
Section 3.67, “Virtual Host File,” on page 3-108
virtual memory
Section 3.68, “Virtual Memory File,” on page 3-109
virtual quit
Section 3.69, “VQUIT,” on page 3-110
virtual sim
Section 3.70, “Virtual Simulator,” on page 3-111
wait
Section 3.72, “Shell Escape,” on page 3-114
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
!
Section 3.71, “Wait,” on page 3-113
3-4
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3.3
. (Period)
Command
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
. (Period)
Repeat last command
Abbreviation
.
Syntax
.
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
Typing a period will repeat the last command entered. Unlike other commands, a ‘.’ at the
start of a line is immediately handled and does not require carriage return/enter. In addition,
‘.’ does not change the last command (on the history stack). Therefore, when tracing a
program, you can use ‘.’ to step to the next location.
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] {1} >> trace 102100
0x00102104 stw r13, 0xfff8(r01)
DINK32 [MPC750] {2} >> trace +
0x00102108 add r03, r00, r01
DINK32 [MPC750] {2} >> .
0x0010210c mfspr r04, s0274
MOTOROLA
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About
3.4
About
Command
about
Abbreviation
ab
Syntax
ab
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “about” command displays information on the current implementation of the DINK32
monitor.
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC603r] {3} >>ab
##
##
##
#######
##
##
##
##
##
##
######
(
Version
Released
Written by
System
Processor
Memory
(
:
:
:
:
:
:
(
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
#######
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
( (AltiVec) )
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
######
##
##
##
##
)
)
)
13.1, Metaware Build
April 30, 2003 Built on Apr 30 2003 11:28:00
Motorola’s RISC Applications Group, Austin, TX
Sandpoint X3 with Valis MPC7455
MPC7450 V2.3 @ 1250 MHz, Memory @ 133 MHz
128MB at 3/1/1/1
Copyright Motorola Inc. 1993-2003
Refer to `history.c’ for release info, changes, errata and fixes.
Note that the actual banner varies depending on the platform, processor, speed, and other
selections made.
3-6
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3.5
Assemble
Assemble
Command
assemble
Abbreviation
as
Syntax
as addr [‘+’ | [‘-’ addr2]
Builds
All except MDINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “as” command assembles user-supplied source code and stores the opcodes at the
supplied addresses.
The assembler for the DINK32 system will disassemble the contents of memory at the
current location and wait for user instructions. A single line of source may be supplied and
assembled into a valid opcode, with the results stored at that memory location. A location
can be left unmodified by typing <return> to pass over it.
Branch labels are recognized by the assembler as a word followed by a colon (:) at the
address currently being displayed by the assembler. The assembler tracks the current
branch labels and automatically calculates the address to be entered into future instructions.
The symtab/st instruction is available for manipulating the branch table in DINK32. Branch
labels within PowerPC assembly instructions will not be recognized by the assembler if the
branch label has not yet been entered into the table. The user may display the branch table
list with the st instruction.
The DINK32 assembler ignores any comments preceded by a ‘#’ and any “.org” and “.dc”
commands. The assembler does recognize the .word and .long operations. The assembler
also accepts simplified mnemonics; in general, immediate values, including condition
register bit offsets, are assumed to be decimal unless preceded by 0b (binary), 0x
(hexadecimal) or 0d (decimal). Floating point and general purpose registers are recognized
just like previous versions of DINK32 where the register number may be preceded by an
“r” (general purpose), an “f” (floating point), or a “v” (vector - altivec) but is not necessary.
Simplified branch mnemonics involving the condition registers may have the condition
register number preceded by “cr” but isn’t necessary. The assembler always expects a “cr”
field for compare and branch instructions where, according to the architecture, cr0 is
implied if a “cr” field is not given. DINK32 does implement the implied cr0 functionality
of the simplified mnemonics.
Simple mnemonics that that use the form “4*cr<n>+<cc>” must enter this form with no
spaces. n = condition reg, cc = condition.
Comments can be specified with the “//” or the “/*” .... “*/ constructs. The rest of the line
is ignored following a comment specifier.
Arguments:
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Assemble
addr
addr2
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Address to begin assembly.
Address to stop assembly
NOTE: ‘as’ continues to assemble even if ‘+’ is not specified; enter ‘ESC’ or ‘x’ to stop
assembly.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Examples:
DINK32[MPC7455] {1} >>as 100000+
00100000 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
rotlw r4,r6,r8
00100004 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
lfd f0,1000(r1)
00100008 FFFFFFFF fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
rlwnm 0,13,23,1,0xa
0010000C BFFFFFFF
stmw r31, -1(r31)
loop:
0010000C BFFFFFFF
loop:
stmw r31, -1(r31)
ori r26,r2,0xfff
00100010 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
lfd f0,3000(r1)
00100014 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
cmpw cr3,r26,r0
00100018 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
bne loop
0010001C FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
x
DINK32[MPC7455] {2} >>as 110000+
00110000 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
.word 12345678
00110004 FFFFBFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f23
.word 0x34
00110008 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
.long 0xabcde08
0011000C BFFFFFFF
stmw r31, -1(r31)
loop1: subf. 1,2,3
00110010 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
bnelr
00110014 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
b loop1
00110018 FFFFFEFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f27, f31
x
DINK32[MPC7455] {7} >>st
Current list of DINK branch labels:
KEYBOARD:
0x0
getchar:
0x111b0
putchar:
0x11188
TBaseInit:
0xd000
TBaseReadLower:
0xd018
TBaseReadUpper:
0xd024
CacheInhibit:
0xce94
InvEnL1Dcache:
0xc9d0
DisL1Dcache:
0xcd9c
InvEnL1Icache:
0xc9c4
DisL1Icache:
0xcdc4
dink_loop:
0x367ac
dink_printf:
0x2ff10
Current list of USER branch labels:
loop:
0x10000c
loop1:
0x11000c
DINK32[MPC7455] {8} >>
DINK32[MPC7455] {10} >>as 120000
00120000 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
vmuleuh v3,v4,v5
00120004 FFFFBFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f23
vmaxsw v4,v5,v6
00120008 FFFFFFFF fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
vspltisw v6,0x2000
0012000C BFFFFFFF
stmw r31, -1(r31)
x
3-8
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MOTOROLA
Assemble
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MOTOROLA
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3-9
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Background
3.6
Background
Command
background
Abbreviation
bg
Syntax
{<address> | ‘rsweep’ | ‘wsweep’ |’blink’ | ‘halt’}
Builds
DINK
Boards
MVP
Processors
MPC745X
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “bg” command causes the idling processor on the MVP platform to begin execution of
a dedicated task, or halts it.
Arguments:
address Address of code for idling CPU to execute.
‘rsweep’ Pre-defined task which reads 16MB starting at 0x0000_0000.
‘wsweep’ Pre-defined task which writes 16MB starting at 0x0100_0000.
‘blink’ Pre-defined task which blinks the MVP LEDs.
‘halt’
Halts pre-defined task, or any user-task which monitors the global
variable ‘halt_sema’.
If no argument is entered, the current run status is shown.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7455 #0] {2} >> bg blink
CPU1 background task = 0x0007E440
DINK32 [MPC7455 #0] {3} >> bg
CPU0: DINK 13.0
CPU1: running task @ 0x0007E440
DINK32 [MPC7455 #0] {4} >> bg halt
CPU0: DINK 13.0
CPU1: halting
DINK32 [MPC7455 #0] {5} >> bg
CPU0: DINK 13.0
CPU1: idle
3-10
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.7
Benchmark
Benchmark
Command
benchmark
Abbreviation
bm
Syntax
bn address
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “benchmark” command will display how many timebase ticks it takes to execute the
user code at ‘address’. This command will take multiple passes at the benchmark with
different processor configurations. It will report the timebase ticks on each configuration.
If the timebase register is reported to be ‘0x00000000 00000000’ check to see if it is
followed by a ‘.’. If it is, then this means that the benchmark actually took less time than it
took to measure how long it took just to get to the beginning of the benchmark (which is
used as a base run and subtracted out of the full run before being displayed on screen).
The result of the benchmark can be converted to seconds by the following formula. These
results are time base clicks, which for the MPC7400 (UM p. 2-8) is one fourth the bus rate.
So (benchmark tics * 4) * 1/50000000 at 100 Mhz for the MPC7400. Each processor has
it’s own specification, which is shown in the appropriate UM (User’s Manual).
Thus, for the MPC7400, the time base increments once for every four bus cycles. The
formula is: ((benchmark tics * 4) * 40 nanoseconds) for a 100 Mhz clock. Thus for this test,
the results of the last configuration, Icache ON Dcache ON, we got 0x1b26e18c time base
tics, which is 455,532,940 decimal time tics. Applying our formula (455,532,940 * 4) *
0.00000004 is 72.88 seconds. This is reasonable for this test, because it displays a series of
displays each separated by a wait loop.
This command requires that the User Code (to be benchmarked) be terminated with an
illegal opcode!
More discussion on “Bus Speed” for the sandpoint. There are three clock speeds that
determine the system performance:
•
•
•
PCI Bus Speed
System (Memory/CPU) Bus Speed
Processor Core Speed
We usually refer to these as, say, 400/100/33 indicating a 400 MHz CPU w/a 100 MHz
system bus and 33 MHz PCI. The PCI bus should be running at 33 MHz; no other bus speed
is supported on SP X2. If the board is misconfigured, it might be in 66 MHz -- make sure
the PCI66MHZ LED is OFF. It is unlikely your system would run at all, if that were so.
MOTOROLA
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3-11
Benchmark
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
The CPU bus and core speeds can be set to various multiples of the PCI clock, as shown in
the configuration sheet in the bound manual shipped with the SPX2 system. DINK reports
these when it boots up.
Note that the decrementer and timebase operate at 1/4th the “bus speed”. Typically, this is
100 MHz, so it ticks at a 25MHz or 40ns rate. The CPU has no concept of the PCI clock
speed; it could be 1Hz. It has no concept of PCI, for that matter. Only the MPC107 produces
the relationship between PCI clock and system bus clock.
Arguments:
address
Address containing code to benchmark.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Examples:
Download a program, such as “demo.src”:
DINK32 [MPC603ev] >> dl -k -o 70000
Download from Keyboard Port
132 lines received.
Download complete.
Locate a function to stop on in the file “xref.txt”, in this case use “001003e4 PackageInfo”
and set it to illegal instruction, 0x0.
DINK32 [MPC603ev] >> mm 1002b8
0x001002b8 : 0x7c0802a6 : ?
0
Try it out first and ensure illegal instruction is set at the correct place.
DINK32 [MPC603ev] >> go 100000
P R E S E N T I N G
Motorola
E X C I M E R
R E F E R E N C E
A
M I N I M A L
Motorola
P L A T F O R M
S Y S T E M
...etc....
A Program exception 0x00000700 has occurred.
Current Instruction Pointer: 0x001002b8 WORD
0x00000000
Now, run the benchmark command, note that it runs it with Icache/Dcache in all possible
combinations of off and on.
DINK32 [MPC603ev] >> bm 100000
Icache OFF Dcache OFF:
P R E S E N T I N G
Motorola
...etc...
Benchmark 0x00100000 ---> 0x001002b8: 0x00000000 407ffb0e
Icache ON Dcache OFF:
P R E S E N T I N G
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MOTOROLA
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1b26deb7
G
407ffcec
G
1b26e18c
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Motorola
...etc...
Benchmark 0x00100000 ---> 0x001002b8: 0x00000000
Icache OFF Dcache ON:
P R E S E N T I N
Motorola
...etc...
Benchmark 0x00100000 ---> 0x001002b8: 0x00000000
Icache ON Dcache ON:
P R E S E N T I N
Motorola
...etc...
Benchmark 0x00100000 ---> 0x000902b8: 0x00000000
DINK32 [MPC603ev] >>
Benchmark
MOTOROLA
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Boot
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.8
Boot
Command
boot
Abbreviation
bo
Syntax
{ “filename” | “env_variable” | { hex_addr[,timeout[,args[,desc]]]}
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “boot” command causes DINK to start execution of the indicated program on a disk or
at a specified address. The argument to boot may be a disk filename, an address of flash or
downloaded memory, or an environment variable which resolves to either of the above.
This command is usually invoked upon startup by the “BOOT” environment variable,
which if it exists, passes its argument to the “boot” command.
Arguments:
file
Filename to load from IDE disk or CDROM. The filename must start
with [A-D] and a ‘:’ to be recognized.
env_var An environment variable, which if found, specifies the boot argument.
hex_addr Address of code to execute; typically an address in flash memory.
timeout Number of seconds to countdown before switching to boot address. This
gives the user an opportunity to cancel a boot and return to DINK.
args
Optional boot arguments passed to the called program using the
dink_transfer table. Should be in quotes.
desc
Optional description of boot process. Should be quoted.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7450] {2} >> env LINUX="0xFF000000,15,’-novm’,’MVLinux V2.4’"
DINK32 [MPC7450] {3} >> env QNX="0xFF400000,15,’-xyz’,’QNX Photon’"
DINK32 [MPC7450] {4} >> boot LINUX
BOOT: `LINUX’, args=`-novm’, (@0xFF000000) in 15
...
now!
...
DINK32 [MPC7450] {4} >> boot c:rawimage
BOOT: `c:rawimage’, args=`’ in 15
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3.9
Breakpoint
Breakpoint
Command
breakpoint
Abbreviation
bp, bkpt
Syntax
bp [address] | [-d val] | [-c]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “bp” command allows the user to manage breakpoints. Breakpoints allow the user to
run an application program and stop execution when code reaches the specified address.
This command will set or delete only one breakpoint at a time, and must be repeated for
each breakpoint.
Setting a breakpoint will not remove a breakpoint from an address if a breakpoint already
exists there. Deleting a breakpoint from an invalid index has no effect. Breakpoints can be
set or deleted one at a time and all are displayed during a breakpoint list. A maximum of 20
breakpoints can be set in the system.
Arguments:
-d val
-c
address
Delete the breakpoint matching the supplied val. On previous versions of
DINK, val could be a value from 0..31 and this is still supported, and
represents the order in the list of the breakpoint to remove.
On DINK 13.0, values > 31 are assumed to be addresses of the breakpoint
to remove, and thus the order in the list is not important.
Delete all breakpoints.
Set a breakpoint at the supplied address.
If no argument is supplied, the current breakpoints are listed.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> bkpt 260100
Breakpoint set at 0x00260100
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> bkpt
Current breakpoint list:
1. 0x00260100
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> bkpt -d 260100
Breakpoint deleted
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> bp
Current Breakpoint List:
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> go 260000
Breakpoint Encountered:
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Breakpoint
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0x00260100 cmp 0, 0, r03, r04
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DINK32 [MPC8245] >>
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Cache
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3.10 Cache
Command
cache
Abbreviation
ca
Syntax
[-fx] [ {[on|1] | {off|0]} ] [L1] [L1I] [L1D] [L2] [L3]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “cache” command allows direct manipulation of the cache settings used by DINK
(while running DINK). In addition, these values can be exported to the user settings for
manipulating values used while running user code.
Arguments:
-f
-x
on
1
off
0
L1
L1I
L1D
L2
L3
Flush the indicated cache(s).
Export any changes made to user register settings (takes effect on ‘go’ or
‘tr’ commands).
Sets a flag for enabling specified cache(s).
Same as ‘on’.
Sets a flag for disabling specified cache(s).
Same as ‘off’.
Enable or disable L1 I and D cache.
Enable or disable L1 Icache only.
Enable or disable L1 Dcache only.
Enable or disable L2 cache.
Enable or disable L3 cache.
If no argument is supplied, the current cache status is listed.
Examples:
DINK32
Caches
DINK32
Caches
DINK32
Caches
DINK32
DINK32
[MPC755]
Enabled:
[MPC755]
Enabled:
[MPC755]
Enabled:
[MPC755]
[MPC755]
MOTOROLA
{1} >> ca
[ L1-ICache L1-DCache L2-Cache(512K) ]
{2} >> ca off L2
[ L1-ICache L1-DCache ]
{3} >> ca off L1
[ none ]
{3} >> ca -f
{4} >>
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CPUINFO
3.11 CPUINFO
Command
cpuinfo
Abbreviation
ci
Syntax
ci [pvr]
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “ci” command displays the internal database of CPU-specific features known and used
by DINK. Unless a PVR value is supplied, the current CPU is described.
Arguments:
pvr
32-bit PVR value of the processor to display.
Examples:
DINK32[MPC7455] {1} >>ci
Processor Name
: MPC7455 ("Apollo")
Processor Class : G4+
Exception handler: PPC7455
L1I+D Cache Size :
32K
L2 Cache Size
: 256K
L3 External Cache: 2048K
TLBs
: 128
BATs
: 8 IBAT + 8 DBAT (extendable: Yes)
Floating Point
: Yes
AltiVec
: Yes (Classic)
PCI Embedded
: No
RapidIO Ports
: 0
Ethernet Ports
: 0
DINK32[MPC7455] {5} >>ci 0x80200000
Processor Name
: MPC8540 ("Draco")
Processor Class : G5
Exception handler: PPCDRACO
L1I+D Cache Size :
32K
L2 Cache Size
: 256K
TLBs
: 64
BATs
: 0 IBAT + 0 DBAT (extendable: No)
Floating Point
: No
AltiVec
: Yes (Book E)
PCI Embedded
: Yes
RapidIO Ports
: 1
Ethernet Ports
: 3
3-18
DINK32 PowerPC Debugger User’s Manual
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CRC
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3.12 CRC
Command
crc
Abbreviation
crc
Syntax
crc [-d dev] [-l] addr1-addr2
Builds
All
Boards
Excimer, MVP, Sandpoint, Yellowknife
Processors
All
The “crc” command calculates the 16-bit cyclic-redundancy-code (CRC) of the specified
memory range, using the CCITT-16 algorithm. All memory between the specified address
are accessed using byte accesses and the resulting CRC is displayed.
Arguments:
-d dev
-l
addr1
addr2
The name of the device to use, instead of system memory. See the
“devdisp” command for more details.
Loop; the block of memory is repeatedly checked and the results
displayed. This may be useful for monitoring a block of memory which
may be modified, as the CRC value will change if any bits in the specified
range of memory are altered.
The starting address to use.
The ending address.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC603ev] >> crc 1000-2000
CRC[00001000...00002000] = 6E48
MOTOROLA
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DEVDISP
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3.13 DEVDISP
Command
devdisp
Abbreviation
dd
Syntax
dd [device [-b|-h|-w] [-r] [-a devaddr] addr1[ ‘-’ addr2]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “devdisp” command displays the contents of memory or device registers in a manner
similar to that of the memory display command. While it displays memory as normal, it also
handles the one or two levels of indirection necessary to access memory or registers within
IO devices.
Arguments:
device
The name of the device. If not entered a list of known devices is shown.
-r
Displays data byte-reversed.
-b, -h, -w Sets size of device accesses. If not specified, the default size is bytes for
devices (as shown in the device listing).
-a addr Sets the subaddress for a device. Used for I2C EEPROM access, which
is typically 0x50-0x57.
addr1
The starting address to display.
addr2
The optional ending address.
The “dd” command with no parameters will display a list of all the known devices.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] {1} >> dd
Device
Start
End
Sizes Device Addr
======== ======== ======== ===== ===========
mem
00000000 FFFFFFFF [BHW]
nvram
00000000 00000FFF [B]
i2c
00000000 0000007F [B]
50
rtc
00000080 000000FF [B]
apc
00000040 00000048 [B]
DINK32 [MPC750] {2} >> dd nvram 40-4F
0x0040 0D 0A 1A 00 00 08 09 0A 0D 1A 41 61 7F FF 80 00
dd> x
DINK32 [MPC750] {3} >> dd i2c -a 57 0-ff
...
3-20
.. ...... .Aa
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DEVMOD
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3.14 DEVMOD
Command
devmod
Abbreviation
dm
Syntax
dm [device [-b|-h|-w] [-a devaddr] addr1[ ‘-’ addr2]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “devmod” command displays and modifies the contents of memory or device registers
in a manner similar to that of the memory modify command. While it displays memory as
normal, it also handles the one or two levels of indirection necessary to access memory or
registers within IO devices. It also handles modifying these values.
Arguments:
device
The name of the device. If not entered a list of known devices is shown.
-r
Displays data byte-reversed.
-b, -h, -w Sets size of device accesses. If not specified, the default size is bytes for
devices (as shown in the device listing).
-a addr Sets the subaddress for a device. Used for I2C EEPROM access, which
is typically 0x50-0x57.
addr1
The starting address to display.
addr2
The optional ending address.
The “dm” command with no parameters will display a list of all the known devices.
The “dm” command will display the contents of a particular location in the requested
format, then wait for user commands, which may be any of the following:
value
‘abcd’
return
v
^
=
MOTOROLA
Write the hexadecimal value to the current location. The value entered
may be truncated, if necessary, to the memory size.
Write the character literal value(s) “abcd” to the current location. The
leading single quote is required.
Go to the next location using the current selected direction (defaults to
forward)
Set the direction to forward. Upon return, the current location advances
by +1 byte, halfword or word.
Set the direction to reverse. Upon return, the current location advances
by -1 byte, halfword or word.
Set the direction to 0. “dm” will keep examining and modifying the same
location until ‘v’ or ‘^’ is entered.
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DEVMOD
?
ESC
x
Help
Stop
Stop
The direction commands are “sticky” -- once set, “dm” will continue in that direction until
a new direction is entered. The VT100 cursor keys may be used to move up and down.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] >> dm nvram 40
0x0040 : 14 ? <enter>
0x0041 : 3E ? 47
0x0042 : 27 ? ^
0x0041 : 47 ? 48
0x0040 : 14 ? v
0x0041 : 48 ? =<enter>
0x0041 : 48 ? <enter>
0x0041 : 48 ? <enter>
0x0041 : 4A ? <enter>
3-22
-- skip
-- new value
-- go back
-- right value
-- go forward
-- erratic bit?
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DEVTEST
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3.15 DEVTEST
Command
devtest
Abbreviation
dev
Syntax
dev epic [command]
dev [+] [-r] i2c <addr> <-n> [ <timeout>]
dev [+] -w i2c <addr> <-n> <str> [ <timeout>]
dev [+] DMA [<type>] <src> <dest> [<chn>] [<n>]
dev i2o <mode> [<bit>]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “devtest” command accesses several MPC824x/MPC107-specific embedded utility
devices. “dev” is a front-end to several device test/control routines, each with different
syntax and capabilities.
Arguments:
For details on specific sub-device controls and arguments, enter the command: ”he dev
[epic | i2c | i2o | dma]”.
Examples:
Perform a given I/O test on Kahlua.
DINK32 [MPC8240] >> devtest -r i2c
0x40:
FE FE FE FE 47 4A 4E 4F FE FE FE FE 47 4A 4E 4F
MOTOROLA
....GJMN....GJMN
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DISASSEM
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3.16 DISASSEM
Command
disassem
Abbreviation
ds
Syntax
ds start_address [+ | {- end_address}]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “disassem” command displays the contents of memory at the given address(es). The
contents are shown in hexadecimal opcode format as well as in PowerPC assembly
instruction format.
Arguments:
addr
addr2
Address to begin disassembly.
Address to stop disassembly
If the “plus” argument is used, the command will display multiple lines of disassembled
code beginning at the starting address. DINK will pause after 22 lines, and continue when
return is pressed, or cancel if the user types “x”.
If the “range” form is used, the command will continue reading and disassembling for each
inclusive address in the range specified.
Branch labels entered during an assemble session are displayed during disassembly. In
order for branch labels to be calculated correctly, branch labels must be entered before
instructions refer to that label.
Simplified mnemonics are dissasembled both as a simplified mnemonic and as a comment
in the full assembly form.
Examples:
DIND32 examples:
DINK32[MPC7455] {3} >>ds 100000
00100000 5CC4403E
rotlw r4,r6,r8 //rlwnm r4, r6, 8, 0, 31
DINK32[MPC7455] {4} >>ds 100000-100018
00100000 5CC4403E
rotlw r4,r6,r8 //rlwnm r4, r6, 8, 0, 31
00100004 C80103E8
lfd f0, 1000(r1)
00100008 5DA0B854
rlwnm r0, r13, 23, 1, 10
0010000C 63420FFF
loop:
ori r26, r2, 4095 //(0xfff)
00100010 C8010BB8
lfd f0, 3000(r1)
00100014 7D9A0000
cmp
cr3, 0, r26, r0
00100018 4082FFF4
bne 0,loop //bc 4, 2, 1048588 //(0x10000c)
(loop)
DINK32[MPC7455] {5} >>ds 100000-100004
00100000 5CC4403E
rotlw r4,r6,r8 //rlwnm r4, r6, 8, 0, 31
00100004 C80103E8
lfd f0, 1000(r1)
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DISASSEM
DINK32[MPC7455] {6} >>ds 110000+
00110000 00BC614E
.word 00bc614e
00110004 00000034
.word 00000034
00110008 ABCDEF08
lha r30, -4344(r13)
0011000C 7C221851
loop1:
subf. r1, r2, r3
00110010 4C820020
bnelr 0
//bclr 4, 2
00110014 4BFFFFF8
b 1114124 //(0x11000c) (loop1)
00110018 FFFFFEFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f27, f31
0011001C FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
00110020 FFFF7FFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f15
00110024 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
00110028 BFFFFFFF
stmw r31, -1(r31)
0011002C FBFFFFEF
.word fbffffef
00110030 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
00110034 FFFFFF9F
fctiwz. f31, f31
00110038 FFFFFEFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f27, f31
0011003C EFFFEFFF
fnmadds. f31, f31, f31, f29
00110040 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
00110044 DFFFFFFF
stfdu f31, -1(r31)
00110048 FFFBFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f27, f31, f31
0011004C FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
00110050 FFFFFFFF
fnmadd. f31, f31, f31, f31
00110054 7FFFBFFF
.word 7fffbfff
DINK32[MPC7455] {7} >>st
Current list of DINK branch labels:
KEYBOARD:
0x0
getchar:
0x111b0
putchar:
0x11188
TBaseInit:
0xd000
TBaseReadLower:
0xd018
TBaseReadUpper:
0xd024
CacheInhibit:
0xce94
InvEnL1Dcache:
0xc9d0
DisL1Dcache:
0xcd9c
InvEnL1Icache:
0xc9c4
DisL1Icache:
0xcdc4
dink_loop:
0x367ac
dink_printf:
0x2ff10
Current list of USER branch labels:
loop:
0x10000c
loop1:
0x11000c
DINK32[MPC7455] {8} >>
DINK32[MPC7455] {11} >>ds 120000-12000c
00120000 10642A48
vmuleuh v3, v4, v5
00120004 10853182
vmaxsw v4, v5, v6
00120008 10C0038C
vspltisw v6, 0 //(0x0)
0012000C BFFFFFFF
stmw r31, -1(r31)
DINK32[MPC7455] {12} >>
MOTOROLA
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Disk
3.17 Disk
Command
disk
Abbreviation
di
Syntax
di [-iqx][-d n][-r lba][-w lba][-a adr][-l len][-t lba]
Builds
DINK
Boards
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Processors
The “di” command allows control of the IDE interface present in the Winbond 53C586, the
VIA 82C686, or an external IDE controller in a PCI slot. The performs basic IDE
initialization and track-level access (i.e. the disk is not used in any particular filesystem
format). Instead, LBA (logical block number) addressing is used, where LBA is a number
from 0 to a large value, each LBA representing 512 bytes of data.
The DI command, and other commands which use DI, use the following association
between drives and external hardware:
Table 3-2. IDE Drive Letter Association
Drive
Controller
Master/Slave
0 “A:”
Primary
Master
1 “B:”
Primary
Slave
2 “C:”
Secondary
Master
3 “D:”
Secondary
Slave
NOTE: DI does not handle drives larger than 8GB; or rather it does, but anything over 8GB
is unusable.
Arguments:
-i
Initialize the current disk, or disk “A:” if not specified. Initialization
refers only to preparation to use the disk; the disk is not altered.
-q
Report information on the disk.
-d n
Select drive 0/1/2/3.
-x
Toggle fast block access (default is off). Faster if multiple blocks are
read/written at once, but some disks are less reliable.
-t LBA Do a read-write test of the indicated logical block address.
-r LBA Read 1MB from the indicated LBA to memory starting at 0x10_0000.
-w LBA Write 1MB to the indicated LBA from memory starting at 0x10_0000.
-a addr Specifiy a different address for -r or -w (rather than 0x10_0000).
-l len
Specify a different length for -r or -w (rather than 1MB).
3-26
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MOTOROLA
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Disk
Examples:
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DINK32 [MPC750] >> di -i
A: 6400 MB, Maxtor 12345.
D: no drive detected.
C: no drive detected.
D: no drive detected.
MOTOROLA
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Download
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3.18 Download
Command
download
Abbreviation
dl
Syntax
dl -fl [-e] [-o offset]
dl {-k|-h|} [-q][-fx]]-v][-b][-o offset]
dl {-nw}
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
Excimer/Maximer
Sandpoint, MVP
Sandpoint, MVP
The “download” command captures data from S-record files taken from either the keyboard
or host serial ports. The received data is stored in the memory locations specified by the
input file. The “download” command comes in two forms: a “flash” version for Excimer
version (which has minimal SRAM) downloads into flash, and a “RAM” version for all
other platforms, which downloads into SDRAM.
The first argument must be “-fl” to select the Excimer/Flash download, or “-nw” to select
network download. Otherwise the RAM download is assumed.
NOTE: To cancel a download at the terminal, type in 'S9' and ENTER/return to terminate
the S-record downloads. For binary downloads, wait for the timeout.
Arguments (RAM/SP/MVP/YK version):
-nw
-k
use network download via TFTP protocol.
Read S-record files from the keyboard. Use a smart terminal program to
send files to DINK.
-h
Read S-record files from the host port. The host must be ready to send
S-record files upon reception of a newline. Use “tm” to setup the host
first.
-q
Select quiet mode, no indication of download progress is supplied.
-fx
Enables XON/XOFF (software) flow control for downloading at higher
speeds. Not usually needed.
-v
Verifies a previous download, printing an error message for each
difference found.
-o offset Adds a hexadecimal offset to the address of the each S-Record lines, to
relocate code.
-b
Download using 8-bit binary data in lieu of S-records. The srec2bin
program in METDINK2/demos/utilities/srec2bin can translate S-record
files to contiguous binary streams. Binary downloads do not have address
information, so the “-o offset” option is almost always needed.
3-28
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-nw -b
-nw -f
-nw -o
Download
Once a binary download is started, the user has thirty seconds to begin
sending 8-bit binary values; if no data is seen the download is cancelled.
After the initial thirty second start period has elapsed, a 3 second idle
timeout is in effect.
binary file ( Motorola S-record is the default file format)
absolute path and filename (required)
offset adds a hex offset to the addresses in the S-Record file or overwrite
the default load address for binary download.
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Arguments (Flash/Excimer version):
-fl
-e
-o addr
Download directy into flash. It is always required.
Forces all of flash memory to be erased before the load.
Specifies the offset address, default is 0xfff00000.
For both types of download, the default download baud rate is 9600. To speed up the
download rate, the baud rate may be changed; see Section 3.55, “SETBAUD.
Examples:
DINK32[MPC7455] {17} >>dl -nw -b -fdemo.src
Filename = demo.src
File format = Plain binary
Default Offset = 0x01000000
Successfully read 10159 bytes via TFTP at 1212303 bytes per second.
DINK32 [MPC750] >> dl -k
147 lines received.
...
DINK32 [MPC750] >>
Use the following to do a binary upgrade of DINK.
DINK32 [MPC750] >> sb -k 57600
DINK32 [MPC750] >> dl -k -b -o 100000
Binary protocol
Offset:
0xffc00000
147387 bytes transferred.
DINK32 [MPC750] >> fu -l 100000 fff00000 7ff00
...
Use the following example when upgrading DINK on Excimer with an S-record from our
Motorola DINK32 website:
MDINK32_603e >> dl -fl -o ffc00000
Offset:
0xffc00000
Writing new data to flash.
Line: 50
MOTOROLA
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3-29
Download
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The complete sequence for upgrading DINK on Excimer would be:
MDINK32_603e >> fw
Reboot the Excimer
MDINK32_603e >> sb
MDINK32_603e >> dl
-e
board
-k 57600
-fl -o ffc00000
MDINK32_603e >>
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Information on S-Records can be found in the DINK32 User’s Guide.
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Echo
3.19 Echo
Command
echo
Abbreviation
ec
Syntax
echo args
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
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The “echo” command simply prints all arguments on the terminal. It is used for scripts and
printing the value of environment variables.
Arguments:
arg
prints ‘arg’
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7450] >> echo hello world
hello world
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Environment
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3.20 Environment
Command
env
Abbreviation
env
Syntax
env [-c][-d][-s][var[=value]]
Builds
All
Boards
Excimer, MVP, Sandpoint, Yellowknife
Processors
All
The ‘env’ command manages the environment variables, which is simply a list of names
and corresponding definitions. DINK uses environment variables for the following
purposes:
•
•
•
System initialization
Mode selections
Command aliases
Environment variables are stored in non-volatile memory, the location and type of memory
used varies with each system, but is typically battery-backed SRAM or flash.
•
•
•
For YK/SP, NVRAM is used and preserved, and 4K bytes are available.
For MVP, NVRAM is used and preserved, and 256 bytes are available.
For Excimer and Maximer, the uppermost 1K of SRAM is used. The environment
will be lost if the command “env -s” is not issued to write the environment to flash.
Arguments:
If one argument is given, the environment variable named is displayed, defined or deleted,
depending on the presence of the “-d” option and/or the “=” character in the name.
name
Display the value of “name”, if any.
name=val Set environment variable “name” to the value “val”. Quotes are often
required for variable definitions if special characters will be needed.
-c
Initialize and erase all environment variables.
-d name Erases the named environment variable.
-s
Write the Excimer/Maximer environment variables in SRAM to the only
non-volatile storage available, flash. This command is for
Excimer/Maximer only. The environment is automatically preset from
flash if present; no command is needed.
If no argument is given, all current settings are displayed.
Table 3-3 lists the special environment names known to DINK, and their interpretations.
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Environment
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Table 3-3. Environment Names
Environment
Name
When Used
AUTO
Startup
Command to be executed when DINK starts up
AUTO=vmem vm
BOOT
Startup
Hex value specifies boot address, otherwise boot
command (see below).
BOOT=0xFF000000,15,foo
BOOT=LINUX
DOTCOM
With ‘.’
command
Command to be executed when ‘.’ command is used
DOTCOM=”rd r3-r7”
IO
Startup
IO encoder values (see below)
IO=”COM1:57600”
IO=”XIO:9600”
IO=”PMC:38400@100”
L2CACHE
Startup
Hex value specifies L2CR value, L2CR encoder values L2CACHE=0
(see below).
L2CACHE=0x4D012000
L2CACHE=”2M pb2 /2.5”
L2PRIVATE
Startup
Hex value specifies L2PM value or encoded values
(see below)
L2PRIVATE=”1M
L3CACHE
Startup
Hex value specifies L3CR value or encoded values
(see below)
L3CACHE=”0x9F024000”
L3PRIVATE
Startup
Hex value specifies L3PM value or encoded values
(see below)
L3PRIVATE=”1M
LINES
Always
Number of lines to display for “help”, “md”, “dd” and
other multi-line print commands.
LINES=5
LINES=24
LINES=0 (0 means infinite)
ONTR
After go/tr
Command to execute after GO/TR
ONTR=”rd r3-r7”
PROMPT
Always
Encoder values for prompt (see below)
PROMPT=”$p $d >> “
RDMODE
Always
Value of ‘q’ inhibits long display, producing only hex
values.
Value of ‘e’ replaces long display with field name list.
RDMODE=e
TAUCAL
Always
When ‘tau’ command used
TAUCAL=0x80000000
VERBOSE
Always
If defined, commands may produce additional
messages
VERBOSE=1
other
Always
Unrecognized command names that are found in the
environment variable list may be used as command
aliases
CMD=”rd r3; tr +”
Definition
Typical Values
If any key is pressed on startup (recommendation is Backspace), then settings listed as used
on “Startup” are ignored. If invalid settings are entered, particularly L2/L3 cache settings,
DINK may not be able to start. Pressing a key will cause them to be ignored, so the settings
can be adjusted.
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Environment
3.20.1 ENV—BOOT Encoding
The “BOOT” variable, if set, contains information that DINK can use to automatically start
a user program using the “boot” command. The value of this argument is passed to the
“boot” command as-is; see the boot command for format and description.
3.20.2 ENV—IO Encoding
The “IO” variable, if set, is used to set information that DINK can use to automatically
adjust or redirect IO processes. There are three major .
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The IO value has the following format:
device [‘:’ <baud> [ ‘@’ <busspeed> ]][“USE=n”]
where:
device
is the name of the device driver to use, one of “COM1”, “PMC” or “XIO”.
COM1 is the standard serial driver on the Sandpoint/Yellowknife/MVP/
Excimer boards. PMC is the serial driver resident on MPMC8245 cards
(internal MPC8245 UART). XIO is the mini-VGA driver resident in
DINK (Cirrus CLGD543x and S3 only, or true-VGA-compatible)
baud
Set the baud rate to any serial compatible rate (see “setbaud”).
busspeed Set the system bus speed to the supplied value in MHz. DINK uses the
serial port to measure the system bus speed, so when using the PMC
driver, which is bus-speed-dependant, the system bus speed must be
specified.
USE=nn Use the VGA card found on slot #nn, even if it doesn’t appear to be a
video card (for old cards w/out CLASS codes).
NOTE
The VGA video driver does not implement x86 emulation, so
only VGA cards that power-up in useful modes, or those with
custom drivers in the “xio.c” file, can be used.
Examples:
DINK32
DINK32
DINK32
DINK32
3-34
[MPC8240]
[MPC8245]
[MPC8245]
[MPC8245]
env
env
env
env
IO="COM1:57600"
IO="PMC:9600@100"
IO="VGA:"
IO="VGA:USE=16"
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Environment
3.20.3 ENV —L2CACHE Encoding
The “L2CACHE” environment variable specifies a value to be used in setting the L2CR
register. The value may be a hexadecimal value, which is copied to the L2CR as-is.
Alternately, it may be a string of terms separated by a space or comma. The terms allowed
depend on the CPU, as shown in Table 3-4.
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Table 3-4. Term Strings
L2CACHE Term
MPC750, MPC755
MPC7400, MPC7410
MPC745x
Description
par
Y
Y
Parity support
256K
Y
Y
L2 cache size
512K
Y
768K
1M
Y
2M
Y
Only 7400/7410
support 2 MB L2
/1
Y
L2 clock divider
/1.5
Y
/2
Y
/2.5
Y
/3
Y
/3.5
Y
/4
Y
late
Y
pb
Y
pb2
Y
pb3
Y
flow
Y
do
Y
Y
io
Y
Y
wt
Y
zz
Y
rep
L2 SRAM type
L2 restrictions
L2 sleep enable
Y
L2 replacement
algorithm
In addition, the values “0” and “OFF” are allowed, to prevent any other initialization
attempts (see “identify”).
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Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7450] env L2CACHE="0x80000000"
DINK32 [MPC7450] env L2CACHE="par"
DINK32 [MPC7400] env L2CACHE="0x3D014000"
DINK32 [MPC7400] env L2CACHE="2M /2.5 pb2 do"
3.20.4 ENV—L2PRIVATE Encoding
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The “L2PRIVATE” environment variable specifies a value to be used in setting the L2PM
(private memory) register. The value may be a hexadecimal value, which is copied to the
L2PM as-is.
Examples:
The following will enable the L2 as 1MB of private memory, at address range
0x0D00_0000 - 0x0D0F_FFFF. The L2 interface will be setup as: L2 cache disabled, parity
enabled, L2CLK = /3, PB2 SRAM.
DINK32 [MPC7410] env L2PRIVATE="0x0D000007"
DINK32 [MPC7410] env L2CACHE="0x4D010000"
3.20.5 ENV—L3CACHE Encoding
The “L32CACHE” environment variable specifies a value to be used in setting the L3CR
register. The value may be a hexadecimal value, which is copied to the L3CR as-is.
Alternately, it may be a string of terms separated by a space or comma. The terms allowed
depend on the CPU, as shown in Table 3-5.
Table 3-5. L3 Cache Descriptions
L3CACHE Term
Description
par
Parity support
1M
L3 cache size
2M
/2
L3 clock divider
/2.5
/3
/3.5
/4
/5
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Environment
Table 3-5. L3 Cache Descriptions (continued)
L3CACHE Term
Description
msug2
L3 SRAM type
late
ddr
pb2
cksp:2
Clock sample points
cksp:3
cksp:4
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cksp:5
psp:0
L3 sample points
psp:1
psp:2
psp:3
psp:4
psp:5
do
L2 options
io
dmen
cya
dm1M
dm2M
rep
L2 replacement
algorithm
In addition, the values “0” and “OFF” are allowed, to prevent any other initialization
attempts (see “identify”).
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7450] env L3CACHE="0x9F032000"
DINK32 [MPC7450] env L3CACHE="2M /3 msug2 cksp:3 psp:3 rep"
3.20.6 ENV—L3PRIVATE Encoding
The “L3PRIVATE” environment variable specifies a value to be used in setting the L3PM
(private memory) register. The value may be a hexadecimal value, which is copied to the
L3PM as-is.
Examples:
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Environment
The following will enable the L3 as 1MB of private memory, at address range
0x0D00_0000 - 0x0D0F_FFFF. The L3 interface will be setup as: L3 cache disabled, parity
enabled, L3CLK = /5, L3CKSP = 4 clocks, DDR SRAM, private memory enabled for
1MB.
DINK32 [MPC7450] env L3PRIVATE="0x00D00000"
DINK32 [MPC7450] env L3CACHE="0x4F820004"
3.20.7 ENV—ONTR Encoding
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The ONTR environment command can be used to cause a command to be automatically
executed after every GO or TR command. It is often set to a register display command so
examine the results of registers after each TR command. For example,
DINK32 [MPC7450] env ONTR="rd r3-r10"
DINK32 [MPC7450] tr +
R03=00000000
R04=00000000
R05=00000000
R06=00000000
R07=00000000
R08=00000000
R09=00000000
R10=00000000
will display the contents of registers R3-R10 after each command.
3.20.8 ENV—PROMPT Encoding
The PROMPT environment command can be used to dynamically set the prompt shown
after every command. The PROMPT environment variable is loaded and printed according
to the terms found in the string, using the following rules:
Table 3-6. String Expansions
String
Expansion
$d
DINK name, either DINK32 or MDINK32
$p
Informal processor name; e.g., MPC7400 is “MAX”
$P
Formal processor name, e.g., MPC7400.
$T
Current time, e.g., "12:34:56PM"
$H
Host/Agent selection.
$#
CPU Number (0..n).
$t
TAU temperature, e.g., "26" if 26 deg. C or "26u" if not calibrated yet
$!
History index.
$_
Carriage-return and Linefeed.
All other characters are copied as-is.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] env PROMPT="$d $p#$#@$T ? "
DINK32 Arthur#0@09:33:18 PM ? env -d PROMPT
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EX
3.21 EX
Command
expression
Abbreviation
ex
Syntax
ex expression
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “ex” command implements a simple expression evaluator.
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Arguments:
expr
the expression to evaluate
An expression consists of:
values
decimal, hexadecimal or binary values. Values follow usual DINK
standards of hexadecimal by default, a leading ‘&’ for decimal, and a
leading ‘%’ or ‘0b’ for binary.
intermingled with one or more operators:
‘+’
‘-’
‘*’
‘/’
‘|’
‘&’
‘^’
‘~’
‘<<‘
‘>>’
‘==’
‘!=’
‘<‘
‘<=’
‘>’
‘>=’
addition
subtraction
multiplication
division
logical OR
logical AND
logical XOR
logical NOT
shift left
shift right (unsigned)
equality
inequality
less than
less than or equal
greater than
greater than or equal
Note that no precedence is implemented; therefore, “1+2*3” returns “9”, rather than “7” as
precedence would imply.
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EX
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Examples:
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VDINK32[MPC750] {1} >>ex 1+2*3
=0x00000009
=9 (unsigned)
=9 (signed)
VDINK32[MPC750] {4} >>ex 4<<2
=0x00000010
=16 (unsigned)
=16 (signed)
VDINK32[MPC750] {13} >>ex 1+2*3<<4|5==&149
=0x00000001
=1 (unsigned)
=1 (signed)
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FILESYS
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3.22 FILESYS
Command
filesys
Abbreviation
fs
Syntax
-{r|x|w|i|l|d|a|A}[-n notes][-a addr] [filename] [addr[-addr]]
Builds
DINK
Boards
SANDPOINT, MVP
Processors
All
The “fs” command implements a miniature filesystem for use with the “ide” and “boot”
commands. The format is strictly primitive, being in essence a track-based directory
catalog.
Arguments:
-r file
-w file
-d file
-x file
-a addr
-A file
-n note
-i n
-l file
addr
-addr
read a filename into memory.
write a filename to disk.
delete the filename from the disk.
execute a file (read it and boot from it)
set the execution address of a file (set with -w, used with -x)
Alter the execution address of file (requires -a).
Set the notes field (descriptive text).
format a disk with space for <n> files.
list the file information. If no file, list the whole disk catalog. Add a
second -l for more details.
starting address of memory to write
ending address of memory to write
In all cases ‘file’ may be 1-32 characters, and may be preceeded by [A-D] and ‘:’ to select
a different IDE disk drive.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7450] {1} >> fs -i 10
Are you sure ? y
pfs: root created for 10 files.
DINK32 [MPC7450] {2} >> fs -w loader 100000-1ffff0
DINK32 [MPC7450] {3} >> fs -l loader 100000-1ffff0
__FILENAME_______________________ __SIZE__ NOTES
loader
ffff0
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Final Assembly Init
3.23 Final Assembly Init
Command
fi
Abbreviation
fi
Syntax
fi y
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
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The “fi” command is used to initialize a board environment to that shipped from the factory.
It may be used to restore a system when loading a new software environment, etc.
Arguments:
y
extra argument required for safety.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7450] {1} >> fi y
<etc.>
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Flash
3.24 Flash
Command
flash
Abbreviation
fl
Syntax
env [-dsi][-e][-sp][-su][-se][-n no]
Builds
DINK, MDINK(partial)
Boards
Excimer, Maximer
Processors
All
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The “flash” command will perform a variety of flash memory operations on the Excimer
and maximer only.
NOTE: “flash” works only for Excimer/Maximer; for Yellowknife, Sandpoint and MVP
see the “fu” command.
NOTE: All sector operations require the connection of a 12V power supply. See AMD
Bulletin, NVD Flash, Sector Protection, available on the www.amd.com web site.
Arguments:
-dsi
-e
-sp
-su
-se
-n value
Display sector information
Erase all of flash
Protect sector specified with “-n” (not supported in MDINK)
Unprotect specified with “-n” (not supported in MDINK)
Erase the specified with “-n” (not supported in MDINK)
A sector number from 0-18. Required for some arguments.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> fl -se -n 6
Erasing sector 6
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> fl -dsi
Display Sector Information 0.7 Excimer Rev 2 and prior
Description
value
Manufacturer ID is 0x1, Device ID is 0x225b
Sector SA0
UNPROTECTED
Sector SA1
UNPROTECTED
Sector SA2
UNPROTECTED
Sector SA3
UNPROTECTED
Sector SA4
UNPROTECTED
Sector SA5
UNPROTECTED
Sector SA6
UNPROTECTED
Sector SA7
UNPROTECTED
Sector SA8
UNPROTECTED
Sector SA9
UNPROTECTED
Sector SA10 UNPROTECTED
Sector SA11 UNPROTECTED
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Flash
SA12
SA13
SA14
SA15
SA16
SA17
SA18
UNPROTECTED
UNPROTECTED
UNPROTECTED
UNPROTECTED
UNPROTECTED
UNPROTECTED
UNPROTECTED
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Sector
Sector
Sector
Sector
Sector
Sector
Sector
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FUPDATE
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3.25 FUPDATE
Command
fupdate
Abbreviation
fu
Syntax
fu {-l|-h} [-eno] src_addr dest_addr length
Builds
DINK
Boards
Sandpoint, MVP
Processors
All
The “fupdate” command writes blocks of memory to updates various flash devices on the
Sandpoint and MVP platforms. “fupdate” handles both the PCI-based boot flash, as well
as the local boot and auxiliary flash device. F, and local-bus ROMs on PMC cards. PPMC
ROM Initialization. See the fl command for excimer and maximer.
Arguments:
-l
Program a local bus flash (on PPMC cards only). NOTE: The
PROGMODE switch must be enabled.
-h
Program a host flash on the PCI bus (YK/SP systems).
-e
Erase flash, do not program
-n
Do not check manufacturer ID’s
-o
Overwrite flash without erasing
src_addr Address of data to copy to flash
dest_addr Address of data to store flash data; typically FFF00000 for PCI ROM and
FF000000 for PMC ROM (when in PROGMODE).
length
Length of data to copy (in hex!)
Examples:
1. Store a program in the PCI-based ROM of a Sandpoint or Yellowknife (for example,
a DINK upgrade).
DINK32 [MPC7410] >> dl -k -o 100000
Download from Keyboard Port
Offset Srecords by 0x00100000
...
Download Complete.
DINK32 [MPC7410] >> fu -h 100000 fff00000 7FF00
YK/SP PCI Flash Programmer
Are you sure? Y
Check flash type: AMD Am29F040
Erasing flash
: OK
Program flash
: OK
Verifying flash : OK
DINK32 [MPC7410] >>
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2. Use the following example to copy DINK32 into a local-bus Flash on a MPMC.
Be sure PROGMODE is set and you are booting from the PCI flash.
DINK32 [MPC7410] >> fu -l FFF00000 FF700000 7FF00
PPMC Local Flash Programmer
Are you sure? Y
Check flash type: AMD Am29LV800BB
Erasing flash
: OK
Program flash
: OK
Verifying flash : OK
DINK32 [MPC7410] >>
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3. Add a Linux loader to the local flash.
DINK32 [MPC7410] >> dl -k -o 100000
Download from Keyboard Port
Offset Srecords by 0x00100000
...
Download Complete.
DINK32 [MPC7410] >> fu -l -o 100000 FF600000 7FF00
PPMC Local Flash Programmer
Are you sure? Y
Check flash type: AMD Am29LV800BB
No Erase flash : OK
Program flash
: OK
Verifying flash : OK
DINK32 [MPC7410] >> env BOOT=”0xffe00000”
4. Sandpoint: Add a linux kernel/boot, built to use NFS root file system file, to the
local flash and execute it.
(1)
Build the MVL kernel with whatever patches and settings you need:
make xconfig
make dep
make zImage
(2)
Convert the kernel plus bootwrapper to SRecords like so:
cd arch/ppc/boot/images
zsrec -s 800000 zImage.sandpoint > vm.srec
(3)
Download the kernel to the Sandpoint board
[on the target]:
sb -k 38400
[switch monitor baud rate to 38400]
dl -k
[ on the host ]
ascii-xfr -svn -l 10 vm.srec > /dev/ttyS0
[on the target]:
sb -k 9600
[switch monitor baud rate to 9600]
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FUPDATE
(NOTE that the kernel+wrapper gets downloaded to 0x800000)
(4)
Burn 1 MB of data from 0x800000 into the flash
at 0xff000000 after erasing the flash contents:
fu -l -o 800000 ff000000 100000
(5)
Test the kernel:
go ff000000
Kernel should get uncompressed and should run
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(6)
Set up for automatic boot:
[reset the board]
env -c
[if necessary -- clears out the environment variables]
env LINUX="0xff000000,15,MVLinux 2.1 "
env BOOT=LINUX
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FW
3.26 FW
Command
fw
Abbreviation
fw
Syntax
fw -e [-o flash_addr]
Builds
MDINK
Boards
Excimer
Processors
All
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The “fw” command copies the contents of the entire 512K of RAM to flash memory,
starting at flash address 0xFFF00000.
Arguments:
-e
-o addr
Erase the flash. Always required.
Specify the specific address to copy from ram to rom address.
Examples:
MDINK32_603e >> fw -e
Chip erase set.
Erasing entire flash memory...
Entering verify erase loop ...
Flash erased!!!
Done erasing flash memory.
Copying 512K ram to flash address fff00000...
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Go
3.27 Go
Command
go
Abbreviation
go
Syntax
go [‘+’ | address ]
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
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The “go” command allows the user to execute user code starting at specified address, until
one of the following events occurs:
•
•
•
A breakpoint is encountered
A BLR instruction returns control to DINK
An exception is caused
Note: If a breakpoint is encountered, the user must clear the breakpoint in order for
execution to continue.
Note: In order to return from user code to DINK, the stack pointer (the value in R1 initially)
must be preserved.
Arguments:
+
address
Run code at the address in the SRR0 (Machine Status Save / Restore)
register (bits 0-29). This is useful for continuing where a breakpoint had
previously stopped execution.
Specify the specific address to start executing code at.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] >> ds
0x001181dc 0x3c600000
0x001181e0 0x60631234
0x001181e4 0x3c800000
0x001181e8 0x60845678
0x001181ec 0x7c632214
0x001181f0 0x38841234
0x001181f4 0x7c032000
0x001181f8 0x4182ffe4
1181dc-1181f8
addis r03, r00, 0x0000
ori r03, r03, 0x1234
addis r04, r00, 0x0000
ori r04, r04, 0x5678
add r03, r03, r04
addi r04, r04, 0x1234
cmp 0, 0, r03, r04
bc 0x0c, 0x02, 0xffe4
DINK32 [MPC750] >> bkpt 1181f4
breakpoint set at 0x001181f4
DINK32 [MPC750] >> go 1181dc
Breakpoint Encountered:
0x001181f4 cmp 0, 0, r03, r04
DINK32 [MPC750] >> go +
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Go
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Breakpoint Encountered:
0x001181f4 cmp 0, 0, r03, r04
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GPIC
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3.28 GPIC
Command
gpic
Abbreviation
gpic
Syntax
gpic [command]
Builds
DINK
Boards
MVP
Processors
All
The “gpic” command is used on the MPV reference platform only. The gpic commands are
used to initialize the Galileo Discovery Programmable Interrupt Controller (GPIC). The
initialization process sets the system up in a default configuration for the MVP platform.
This default configuration initializes the Discovery Multi Purpose Pins (MPP), General
Purpose Port (GPP), and Interrupt Controller. The interrupt scheme on MVP utilizes the
MPP on Discovery to map several of the GPP pins to serve as the external interrupt source
inputs and interprocessor interrupts. The interrupt sources are the Super IO, PCI 0 Slots 3-0,
PCI 1 Slots 3-0, and CPU 0 and CPU 1 cross-processor interrupt inputs.
The cross-processor interrupt scheme uses four GPP pins. GPP[5] is used as the CPU 0
cross-processor output signal and GPP[30] is the corresponding CPU 1 cross-processor
input. GPP[31] is used as the CPU 1 cross-processor output signal and GPP[4] is the
corresponding CPU 0 cross-processor input. Software can write to the GPP Value Register
to assert and de-assert GPP[5] for CPU 0 or GPP[31] for CPU 1 to signal a cross-processor
interrupt to the other CPU. In DINK32, CPU 1 is only setup to be interrupted by an
assertion of the GPP[30] interrupt input, or a Timer 2 or 3 interrupt. An interrupt to CPU 1
is signalled via the Discovery INT1_ interrupt output. All other interrupts detected by
Discovery are routed to CPU 0 via the Discovery CPU_INT_ output.
Arguments:
Usage: gpic [init|eie|eid|...]
gpic ex
- "gpic" command example uses
gpic
- Display various GPIC status info
gpic init
- Initialize the GPIC unit to default mode
gpic eie
- External interrupt enable
gpic eid
- External interrupt disable
gpic cpu0
- Assert cross-processor interrupt to CPU0
gpic cpu1
- Assert cross-processor interrupt to CPU1
gpic sl
- GPIC Sleep Demo
gpic tmcnt [timer(0-7)]
- Print Timer count value for all or specific timer
gpic tmcnt timer[0-7] count
- Write given count value to given timer
gpic tmcon [timer(0-7)]
- Print Timer Config Info for all or specific timer
gpic tmcon timer(0-7) enable(0|1) [mode(0|1) trigger(0|1)]
- Configure Timer Counters
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GPIC
-
gpic
gpic
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gpic
gpic
Enable: enable (1) disable (0) counting
Mode: timer (1) counter (0)
Trigger: external (1) none (0)
Mode and Trigger parameters optional
(left unchanged)
- If Trigger is given, Mode must also be given
tmmsk [timer(0-7)]
- Print Timer Int Mask Info for all or specific timer
tmmsk timer[0-7] mask[0|1]
- Enble/disable Timer interrupt
- Mask: enable (1) disable (0)
mask|m code[0-4] mask[0-31]
unmask|um code[0-4] mask[0-31]
- Mask/Unmask an interrupt
- Code: CPU Int Mask High Reg = 0
CPU Int Mask Low Reg
= 1
PCI1 Int Mask High Reg = 2
PCI1 Int Mask Low Reg = 3
GPP Int Mask Reg
= 4
- Mask/Unmask bit, must be one bit location 0-31
Examples:
"gpic" Command Example Uses from the DINK32>> prompt:
gpic
- Display various GPIC status info
- Set ‘env VERBOSE=1’ for more
verbose printout
gpic init
- Initialize the GPIC unit to default mode
gpic tmcnt
- Display All Timer/Counter Count Values
gpic tmcnt 1
- Display Timer/Counter 1 Count Value
gpic tmcnt 1 FFFFFF
- Set Timer/Counter 1 Count
Value to 0xFFFFFF
gpic tmen 2
- Enable counting on Timer/Counter 2
Same as ‘gpic tmcon 2 1’
gpic tmdis 2
- Inhibit counting on Timer/Counter 2
Same as ‘gpic tmcon 2 0’
gpic tmcon
- Display All Timer/Counter Config Info
gpic tmcon 1
- Display Timer/Counter 1 Config Info
gpic tmcon 1 1
- Enable Counting on Timer/Counter 1
gpic tmcon 1 0
- Disable Counting on Timer/Counter 1
gpic tmcon 1 1 1 - Set Timer/Counter 1 as a Timer
Enable Counting on Timer 1
gpic tmcon 1 1 0 - Set Timer/Counter 1 as a Counter
Enable Counting on Counter 1
gpic tmmsk
- Display All Timer Mask Values
gpic tmmsk 1 1
- Unmask Timer 1 Interrupt
gpic tmmsk 1 0
- Mask Timer 1 Interrupt
gpic tmen 2
- Enable counting on Timer 2
gpic tmdis 2
- Inhibit counting on Timer 2
gpic mask 1 8
- Mask interrupts from Timer0_1 in the Main
Interrupt Mask Low register
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gpic mask 4 23
gpic unmask 0 24
GPIC
- Mask the GPP[23] interrupt in the
GPPInterrupt Mask register
- Unmask interrupts from GPP7_0 in the Main
Interrupt Mask High register
3.28.1 DINK32 GPIC Initialization Sequence
DINK32 [MPC7450 #0] >>gpic init
GPIC: Initialize GPIC
GPIC: In gpicInit()
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
GPIC: Disable External Interrupts
GPIC: Mask all external interrupt sources
GPIC: Clear all possible GPP interrupts
GPIC: Setup MPPs
GPIC:
MPP[22] = GPP[22] = Super I_O Interrupt
GPIC:
MPP[9:6] = GPP[9:6] = PCI 0 Slot 3-0 Interrupts
GPIC:
MPP[13:10] = GPP[13:10] = PCI 1 Slot 3-0 Interrupts
GPIC:
MPP[30] = GPP[30] = CPU1 Cross-Processor Interrupt Input
GPIC:
MPP[4] = GPP[4] = CPU0 Cross-Processor Interrupt Input
GPIC:
MPP[31] = GPP[31] = CPU1 Cross-Processor Interrupt Output
GPIC:
MPP[5] = GPP[5] = CPU0 Cross-Processor Interrupt Output
GPIC: Setup GPPs
GPIC:
GPP[22] = Super I_O = Input, Active High, Int enabled
GPIC:
GPP[9:6] = PCI0 Slot 3-0 = Input, Active Low, Int enabled
GPIC:
GPP[13:10] = PCI1 Slot 3-0 = Input, Active Low, Int enabled
GPIC:
GPP[30] = CPU1 CPI = Input, Active High, Int enabled
GPIC:
GPP[4] = CPU0 CPI = Input, Active High, Int enabled
GPIC:
GPP[31] = CPU1 CPI = Output, Active High
GPIC:
GPP[5] = CPU0 CPI = Output, Active High
GPIC: Setup Timer0 to interrupt CPU0 for sleep demo
GPIC: Setup Timer1 to interrupt CPU0
GPIC:
User must enable/disable with ‘gpic tmcon 1 [1|0]’
GPIC:
Timer Count = 0x0FFFFFFF
GPIC: Setup Timer2 to interrupt CPU1 for sleep demo
GPIC: Setup Timer3 to interrupt CPU1
GPIC:
User must enable/disable with ‘gpic tmcon 3 [1|0]’
GPIC:
Timer Count = 0x0FFFFFFF
GPIC: Unmask interrupts to CPUINT* (CPU0)
GPIC:
Unmask GPP[23:16]
GPIC:
Unmask GPP[15:8]
GPIC:
Unmask GPP[7:0]
GPIC:
Unmask Timer0
GPIC: Unmask interrupts to INT1* (CPU1)
GPIC:
Unmask GPP[31:24]
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GPIC
GPIC:
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Unmask Timer2
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GPIC: Enable External Interrupts
DINK32 [MPC7450 #0] >>
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Help
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.29 Help
Command
help
Abbreviation
he
Syntax
help [name]
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “help” command provides information on the available commands in DINK (which
varies by board and processor type), or provides additional detailed information on the
commands and arguments defined for other commands.
Arguments:
name
‘cache’
‘who’
Name of the command for which additional help is needed.
Information on setting L2/L3 cache variables.
Information on DINK team.
If no “name” is supplied, a menu of all available commands is shown. See “menu” for
details. Help is also available by adding the argument ‘?’ to any command.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC8240] >> help rtc
RTC COMMAND
===========
Mnemonic: rtc
Syntax: rtc [-s][-w]
Description: This command sets or displays the Real-Time Clock
Flags: -s
Set the clock
-w
Watch the clock (until a key is pressed)
If no option is entered, the date and time is printed.
MOTOROLA
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History
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3.30 History
Command
history
Abbreviation
hi
Syntax
hi
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “history” command manages the history table, and buffer containing the most recently
executed commands. The only function of the history command is to display the current
contents of the history table.
The indices reported by the history table can be used to re-enter a recent command.
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
DINK32
DINK32
gpr03:
DINK32
1
DINK32
2
1
DINK32
Return
DINK32
4
3
2
1
3-56
[MPC7450] >> hi
[MPC7450] >> rd r3
0x12345678
gpr04: 0xabcdef01
[MPC7450] >> hi
rd r3
[MPC7450] >> hi
rd r3
hi
[MPC7450] >> go 90100
to DINK via blr
[MPC7450] >> hi
rd r3
hi
hi
go 90100
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Identify
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3.31 Identify
Command
identify
Abbreviation
id
Syntax
id [-i]
Builds
DINK
Boards
MPMC8245, MVP, Sandpoint
Processors
All
The “id” command manages the 256-byte ‘identity’ serial EEPROM present on MPMC
cards for Sandpoint/MVP systems. The ‘identify’ EEPROM contains the following
information:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Board Serial Number
Board Revision
Board Assembly Date
External Cache String
Standalone Bus Speed
Standalone Environment
6 characters
1 character
Set when “-i” option used
30 characters
1 character
100 characters (not managed by “id”)
The “id” command alone displays the current information. Note that upon startup, the
identity EEPROM is checked for a valid entry for an L2 and/or L3 initialization string. If
found, that value is used to initialize the corresponding cache, favoring the identify
EEPROM values over any found in the Sandpoint environment variables (since MPMC
cards can be moved from Sandpoint to Sandpoint, facing different environments, while the
identity EEPROM moves with the card).
The standalone environment variables are only used by MPMC8245 cards configured for
stand-alone operation. Refer to the corresponding application note for details.
Arguments:
-i
Causes DINK to initialize the Identity EEPROM with values supplied by
the user, as well as the current date and time (see “rtc”).
If no argument is supplied, the current settings as shown.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7450] >> id -i
Serial No: V743
Revision: A
L2Init: 0x8000000
L3Init: 0x9F032000
SA Bus Speed:
writing I2C@99
DINK32 [MPC7450] >>
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Log
3.32 Log
Command
log
Abbreviation
log
Syntax
log
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “log” command toggles whether DINK messages and character echos which are sent
to the “keyboard”/COM1 port will also be sent to the “host”/COM2 port.
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] >> log
Logging enabled: IO is copied to the host port.
DINK32 [MPC750] >> log
Logging disabled.
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Memory Compare
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3.33 Memory Compare
Command
memcompare
Abbreviation
mc
Syntax
mc [-q] <addr1> <addr2> <addr3>
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “memcompare” command compares two blocks of memory, a source and a target,
using 32-bit accesses, reporting each difference found. The reports stops at each page,
allowing the command to be cancelled in the event of a large number of differences found.
Arguments:
-q
addr1
addr2
addr3
If specified, only the count of differences are shown, not each one.
First source address to compare
Last source address to compare
First target address to compare
The last target end address is not specified, comparison stops when the source address range
has been checked.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] >> mc 100000 100200 200000
00100100 = ABCDEF01 <> 00200100 = ABCDEFFF
1 difference(s) found.
DINK32 [MPC750] >> mc 400000 500200 200000
64551 difference(s) found.
DINK32 [MPC750] >>
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Memory Display
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3.34 Memory Display
Command
memdisp
Abbreviation
md
Syntax
md [-b][-h][-w] [-r] start [ ‘+’ | end ]
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “memdisp” command displays data stored in the specified memory locations. The
display will always be aligned on a 16-byte boundary in which the address given will be
included. By default, “md” displays up to 9 lines of data and then pauses, waiting for
<return> before continuing (unless the end address has been reached). This number can be
changed with the ENV LINES value.
The start address is normalized to the previous quad-word boundary. Likewise, the ending
address is normalized to the next quad-word boundary. For example, if the start address was
0x00100104 then the first memory address to be displayed would be 0x00100100. If the
end address was 0x00100104 then the last memory location to be displayed would be
0x0010010C.
Arguments:
-b
-h
-w
-r
start
+
end
display data as bytes
display data as halfwords
display data as words (default)
display data as byte-reversed data
The starting address to display
Display from the starting address to the end of memory
Display from the starting address to the ending address
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7400] >> md 160100-160130
0x00160100 00000041 00000042 00000043 00000044
0x00160110 00000045 00000046 00000047 00000048
0x00160120 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160130 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
DINK32 [MPC7400] >> md 160260+
0x00160260 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160270 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160280 00000000 00000000 00000000 24002400
...
DINK32 [MPC7400] >> md -w 160260+
0x00160260 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0x00160270 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
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Memory Display
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0x00160280 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 2400 2400
DINK32 [MPC7400] >> md -r 160260+
0x00160260 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160270 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160280 00000000 00000000 00000000 00240024
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Memory Fill
3.35 Memory Fill
Command
memfill
Abbreviation
mf
Syntax
mf <addr1> <addr2> <value>
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “memfill” command writes the fill value, a 32-bit hex value, to every memory location
between the two addresses specified.
Arguments:
addr1
addr2
value
First address to fill
Last address to fill (inclusive)
Value to fill memory with
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] >> mf 100000 100200 89898989
DINK32 [MPC750] >> memfill 100100 100200 89898989
DINK32 [MPC750] >> memfill 100140 10015c 00000000
DINK32 [MPC750] >> memdisp 100120-100160
0x00100120 89898989 89898989 89898989 89898989
0x00100130 89898989 89898989 89898989 89898989
0x00100140 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00100150 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00100160 89898989 89898989 89898989 89898989
DINK32 [MPC750] >> mf 100144 100144 44444444
DINK32 [MPC750] >> md 100120-100160
0x00100120 89898989 89898989 89898989 89898989
0x00100130 89898989 89898989 89898989 89898989
0x00100140 00000000 44444444 00000000 00000000
0x00100150 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00100160 89898989 89898989 89898989 89898989
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Memory Info
3.36 Memory Info
Command
meminfo
Abbreviation
mi
Syntax
mi [-b] [-c] [-r] [-s] [-n no] [-w no]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “meminfo” command displays or controls various memory controller settings,
including:
•
•
•
memory bank settings
DIMM/SODIMM SPD EEPROM data
comparison between SPD data and memory controller settings.
“meminfo” can also be used to correct memory controller settings based on the I2C SPD
information, or to initialize the I2C SPD information for non-SODIMM based MPMC
cards.
Arguments:
-b
-s
-n no
-w no
-c
-r
Causes the ‘-w’ command to select single-bank SPD EEPROM data. The
default is for two-bank data. Single-bank data is required for recent
non-SODIMM MPMC cards.
Causes the I2C SPD EEPROM information to be decoded and displayed.
Select DIMM SPD number. The default is ‘1’ on Yellowknife/Sandpoint
and ‘0’ on MVP.
If specified, default SPD data is written to the SPD EEPROM. “no” may
be the values “64” or “128”, and causes 64MB or 128MB SPD data to be
written , based upon a 64MB SODIMM. This option is recommended for
non-SODIMM-based MPMC cards, and must be executed once to
optimize memory settings.
Causes “meminfo” to compare the I2C SPD information to the memory
controller settings, and recommend changes. If ‘-c’ is entered a second
time, the changes recommended will be automatically made.
Causes the memory controller to reinitialize the external SDRAM
(required if certain parameters need to be updated).
If no option is specified, the current memory controller settings are displayed.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC755] >> mi
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Memory Info
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Memory settings:
ROM Speed: 30 ns (2 clocks)
SDRAM Bank 0: Enabled
Range: [00000000 -> 01ffffff] 32 MBytes
Speed: 3/1/1/1
SDRAM Bank 1: Disabled
Range: [02000000 -> 03ffffff] 32 MBytes
Speed: 3/1/1/1
SDRAM Bank 2: Disabled
SDRAM Bank 3: Disabled
SDRAM Bank 4: Disabled
SDRAM Bank 5: Disabled
SDRAM Bank 6: Disabled
SDRAM Bank 7: Disabled
DINK32 [MPC755] >> mi -s
Addr Data Definition
Value
==== ==== ================
=========
02
02
DIMM/SODIMM Type
SDRAM
...
DINK32 [MPC755] >> mi -c
I2C: 14 Rows (12+2)
10X: 14 Rows x N (12+2) 64/128Mb.
OK
...
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Memory Modify
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3.37 Memory Modify
Command
memmod
Abbreviation
mm
Syntax
mm [-b] [-h] [-w] [-r] start_address [ ‘+’ | end_address ]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “memmod” command displays and modifies the contents of memory, and allow the
user to change the value stored there. Memory is considered to be a contiguous set of 32-bit
integers.
Arguments:
-b
-h
-w
-r
start
+
end
display data as bytes
display data as halfwords
display data as words (default)
display data as byte-reversed data
The starting address to display
Display from the starting address to the end of memory
Display from the starting address to the ending address
The “mm” command will display the contents of a particular location in the requested
format, then wait for user commands, which may be any of the following:
value
‘abcd’
return
v
^
=
?
ESC
x
MOTOROLA
Write the hexadecimal value to the current location. The value entered
may be truncated, if necessary, to the memory size.
Write the character literal value abcd to the current location.
Go to the next location using the current selected direction (defaults to
forward)
Set the direction to forward. Upon return, the current location advances
by +1 byte, halfword or word.
Set the direction to reverse. Upon return, the current location advances
by -1 byte, halfword or word.
Set the direction to 0. “dm” will keep examining and modifying the same
location until ‘v’ or ‘^’ is entered.
Help
Stop
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The direction commands are “sticky” -- once set, “mm” will continue in that direction until
a new direction is entered. The VT100 cursor keys may be used to move up and down.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> memod 160100
0x00160100 : 0x89898989 : ? 44444444
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> mm -b 160100
0x00160100 : 0x44444444 : ? 66
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> memod -h 160100
0x00160100 : 0x66444444 : ? 3333
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> memod -w 60100
0x00160100 : 0x33334444 : ? 22222222
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> mm 160110-160118
0x00160110 : 0x89898989 : ? 11111111
0x00160114 : 0x89898989 : ? 22222222
0x00160118 : 0x89898989 : ? 33333333
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> memod
0x00160200 : 0x89898989 :
0x00160204 : 0x00000000 :
0x00160208 : 0x00000000 :
3-66
160200+
? 12341234
? 12341234
? x
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Memory Move
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3.38 Memory Move
Command
memmove
Abbreviation
mv
Syntax
mv [-g] <addr1> <addr2> <addr3>
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “memmove” command copies data from a block of memory, bounded inclusively by
the first two addresses, to a block of memory starting at the third address. The result of this
command will be two identical blocks of memory. If the third address falls between the first
two addresses, an error message is returned and memory will not be modified.
Arguments:
-g
addr1
addr2
addr3
If specified, the move command will move the upper 8 bits of a 64-bit data
source to each 8 bits of the destination. The source address is incremented
by 64, and the target is incremented by 8. This option allows loading code
or data from the 8-bit flash in the 64-bit flash space of an MPC8240.
First source address to read
Last source address to read
First target address to write
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC755] >> memfill 160100 160110 ffffffff
DINK32 [MPC755] >> memdisp 160100-160150
0x00160100 ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
0x00160110 ffffffff 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160120 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160130 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160140 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160150 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
DINK32 [MPC755] >> memove 160100 160110 160140
DINK32 [MPC755] >> memdisp 160100-160150
0x00160100 ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
0x00160110 ffffffff 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160120 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160130 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0x00160140 ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
0x00160150 ffffffff 00000000 00000000 00000000
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Memory Search
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3.39 Memory Search
Command
memsrch
Abbreviation
ms
Syntax
ms [-n] [-s] <addr1> <addr2> <value>
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “memsrch” command searches all memory between the first and second addresses for
the third, the 32-bit search value. If the second address is less than the first address, an error
message is returned and no search is performed.
Matching addresses are printed.
Arguments:
-n
-s
addr1
addr2
value
Causes non-matching lines to be printed.
Causes ‘value’ to be treated as a literal string to search for.
First address to search
Last address to search (inclusive)
Value to search memory for (hexadecimal value or string if -s used).
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7400] >> md 160100-160120
0x00160100 10ff7f00 00ffff00 ff2023ff ff0402ff
0x00160110 00ffff00 00ffff00 ff5008ff 474A474A
0x00160120 00efef00 00ffff00 ff0100ff ff0030ff
....... #.....
.........PGAGA
..............
DINK32 [MPC7400] >> ms 160100 160120 ff5008ff
0x00160118
1 occurrances found.
DINK32 [MPC7400] >> ms -n 160100 160120 0
0x001060100
...
9 occurrances found.
DINK32 [MPC7400] >> ms -s 160100 160120 GAGA
0x0016011C
1 occurrances found.
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Memory Test
3.40 Memory Test
Command
memtest
Abbreviation
mt
Syntax
mt [-d dev] [-b|-h|-w] [x] [-l loop] [-t] [-h] [-a] [-q] addr1-addr2
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
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The “memtest” command performs various memory tests on local memory or device
registers.
mt [-d dev][-b|-h|-w][-l loop][-t][-h][-a][-q] addr1-addr2
Arguments:
-d dev
Test the indicated device instead of memory. Use the "dm" command to
get a list of devices.
NOTE: testing non-volatile I2C EEPROM devices can destroy valuable
information as well as reduce the life expectancy of those devices.
-b, -h, -w Sets size of memory/device tests. If not specified, the default size is bytes
for devices (as shown in the device listing). Memory can be tested in any
size, while devices may be limited to bytes. If not specified, the default
size is word for memory and bytes for devices.
-l loop
Specify the number of times the memory test should perform all tests. If
not specified, each test is performed once, while if ‘0’ is specified, the
test(s) are run forever.
-x
If specified, halt all tests on the first error. This is useful for extended
passes to trap on any error.
-q
Perform only quick tests.
-a
Perform all non-infinite tests.
-n list
Perform only test specified by “list”, where list is one or more of the
following characters:
0 walking 0’s test (non-destructive, slow)
1 walking 1’s test (non-destructive, slow)
A address=data test (destructive, slow)
H bus hammer test (destructive, infinite)
Q quick pattern test (non-destructive)
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R random pattern test (non-destructive)
S write sensitivity test (destructive, slow)
-t
addr1
addr2
Show elapsed time (only on systems with a real-time clock).
Starting address of memory to test.
Ending address of memory to test.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Addresses must be aligned to the size of the access (as specified by the -b/-h/-w option).
Tests labelled “non-destructive” modify memory but restore the contents to the former
condition, unless an error occurs.
NOTE
Be careful not to test memory regions used by DINK, whether
the test is destructive or not.
Examples:
1. Quick test of memory.
DINK32 [MPC750] >> mt -q 100000-1fffffc
PASS 1:
Quick Test..................................................PASS
Completed tests: No errors.
2. Test memory forever until an error is found.
DINK32 [MPC750] >> mt -b -a -l 0 -x 100000-1fffffc
PASS 1:
Quick Test..................................................PASS
Random Pattern Test.........................................PASS
Walking 1’s Test............................................PASS
Walking 0’s Test............................................PASS
Address March Test..........................................PASS
Write Sensitivity Test......................................PASS
PASS 2:
...
3. Test memory using the write sensitivity test and report the elapsed time.
DINK32 [MPC750] >> mt -t -n S -x 100000-1fffffc
PASS 1:
Write Sensitivity Test......................................PASS
Completed tests: No errors.
Elapsed time: 0:00:16
DINK32 [MPC750] >>
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Menu
3.41 Menu
Command
menu
Abbreviation
me
Syntax
menu
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
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The “menu” command lists all of the commands that are available in the current
implementation of DINK32 (varies by processor and platform detected).
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
VDINK32[MPC7450] {1} >>me
Virtual emulation DINK COMMAND LIST
Command
Mnemonic
Command
Mnemonic
=======
========
=======
========
About...
AB
Assemble code
AS
Breakpoint ops
BP
Cache Control
CA
CRC Memory
CRC
Device Display
DD
Device Modify
DM
Disassemble
DS
Download code
DL
Echo text
EC
Environ. Settings
ENV
Run at address
GO
Command help
HE
Command history
HI
Log session
LO
Memory Compare
MC
Memory Display
MD
Modify Memory
MM
Memory Fill
MF
Memory Info
MI
Memory Move
MV
Memory Search
MS
Memory Test
MT
Menu of commands
ME
NorthBridge Display
ND
NorthBridge Modify
NM
Register Display
RD
Register Modify
RM
Real-time clock
RTC
Set baud rate
SB
Show SPRs
SX
Symbol Table
ST
Transparent Mode
TM
Trace code
TR
Virtual Host File
VHF
Virtual Memory
VM
Virtual Quit
VQ
Virtual Simulator
VS
Unix shell
!
Repeat Last Command
.
Note that list of valid commands vary by platform, processor and target.
MOTOROLA
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Northbridge Display
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3.42 Northbridge Display
Command
northbridge display
Abbreviation
nd
Syntax
nd [-vebhw] [nb_reg | nb_reg ‘.’ field_name ]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “ND” command is used to display the contents of registers in the northbridge device
(a general term for a CPU-to-PCI interface).
Arguments:
-d
-e
-v
-b
-h
-w
nbreg
‘.’ field
Dump all target registers
Display using fields.
Display using verbose (bit expansion) format. Used when verbose mode
is overridden by ENV RDOPT.
Displays NB registers as a byte.
Displays NB registers as a halfword.
Displays NB registers as a word.
Name or PCI index of register to display.
If appended to register name, limits display to the following register field
name.
Examples:
DINK32[MPC8245] {7} >>nd stat
Status
0x06
---------------------------------------------------------------------------STAT : 0x00A0
0000000010100000
+.......|....... :
PERR : PERR Detected
+......|....... :
SERR : SERR Asserted
+.....|....... : RcvMAbt : Received Master Abort
+....|....... : RcvTAbt : Received Target Abort
+...|....... : SigTAbt : Signalled Target Abort
++.|....... : DEVSELtm : DEVSEL timing
+|....... : DPARDet : Data Parity Error
+....... : FastB2Bc : Fast Back-to-Back Capable
+...... : -------- :
+..... : 66MHZ_c : 66MHz Capable
+++++ : -------- :
DINK32[MPC8245] {11} >>nd -f stat
PERR=0
SERR=0
RcvMAbt=0
RcvTAbt=0
SigTAbt=0
DEVSELtm=00
DPARDet=0
FastB2Bc=1
66MHZ_c=1
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MOTOROLA
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
DINK32[MPC8245] {8} >>nd stat.perr
PERR=0
DINK32[MPC8245] {13} >>nd -b 42
42
00
(unknown)
DINK32[MPC8245] {13} >>nd -d
00: 1057 0002 0006 0080 0013 0600 0000
10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
40: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
60: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
70: 0000 CD00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
90: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
A0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 FF00 060C
B0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0004 0000
C0: 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
D0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
E0: 0042 0FFF 0000 0000 0020 0000 0000
F0: 0000 FF02 0003 0000 0000 0000 0000
MOTOROLA
Northbridge Display
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
000C
0000
0000
0000
0000
0010
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Northbridge Modify
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
3.43 Northbridge Modify
Command
northbridge modify
Abbreviation
nm
Syntax
nm [-vebhw] [nb_reg | nb_reg ‘.’ field_name ] ‘[‘=’ value]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “NM” command is used to display and modify the contents of registers in the
northbridge device (a general term for a CPU-to-PCI interface).
Arguments:
-e
-v
Display and modify using fields.
Display using verbose (bit expansion) format. Used when verbose mode
is overridden by ENV RDOPT.
-b
Displays and modify NB registers as a byte.
-h
Displays and modify NB registers as a halfword.
-w
Displays and modify NB registers as a word.
nbreg
Name or PCI index of register to display and modify.
‘.’ field If appended to register name, limits display to the following register field
name.
‘=’ value If ‘=’ is appended to a register or register field, the supplied value is used
to set the register/register field without further prompting from the user.
Examples:
DINK32[MPC8245] {7} >>nm stat
Status
0x06
---------------------------------------------------------------------------STAT : 0x00A0
0000000010100000
+.......|....... :
PERR : PERR Detected
+......|....... :
SERR : SERR Asserted
+.....|....... : RcvMAbt : Received Master Abort
+....|....... : RcvTAbt : Received Target Abort
+...|....... : SigTAbt : Signalled Target Abort
++.|....... : DEVSELtm : DEVSEL timing
+|....... : DPARDet : Data Parity Error
+....... : FastB2Bc : Fast Back-to-Back Capable
+...... : -------- :
+..... : 66MHZ_c : 66MHz Capable
+++++ : -------- :
New value ?
VDINK32[MPC8245] {4} >>nm stat.perr
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Northbridge Modify
PERR=0
New field value [1bit] %1
VDINK32[MPC8245] {5} >>nd stat
Status
0x06
---------------------------------------------------------------------------STAT : 0x80A0
1000000010100000
+.......|....... :
PERR : PERR Detected
+......|....... :
SERR : SERR Asserted
+.....|....... : RcvMAbt : Received Master Abort
+....|....... : RcvTAbt : Received Target Abort
+...|....... : SigTAbt : Signalled Target Abort
++.|....... : DEVSELtm : DEVSEL timing
+|....... : DPARDet : Data Parity Error
+....... : FastB2Bc : Fast Back-to-Back Capable
+...... : -------- :
+..... : 66MHZ_c : 66MHz Capable
+++++ : -------- :
VDINK32[MPC8245] {9} >>nm stat.perr=0
VDINK32[MPC8245] {10} >>nd stat
Status
0x06
---------------------------------------------------------------------------STAT : 0x00A0
0000000010100000
+.......|....... :
PERR : PERR Detected
+......|....... :
SERR : SERR Asserted
+.....|....... : RcvMAbt : Received Master Abort
+....|....... : RcvTAbt : Received Target Abort
+...|....... : SigTAbt : Signalled Target Abort
++.|....... : DEVSELtm : DEVSEL timing
+|....... : DPARDet : Data Parity Error
+....... : FastB2Bc : Fast Back-to-Back Capable
+...... : -------- :
+..... : 66MHZ_c : 66MHz Capable
+++++ : -------- :
MOTOROLA
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Net Info
3.44 Net Info
Command
net info
Abbreviation
ni
Syntax
ni [-i] [-m] [-p] [-r] [-t]
Builds
DINK
Boards
Sandpoint, MVP
Processors
All
This command can be used to show, modify the network parameters stored in NVRAM.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Arguments:
-i
-m
-p
-r
-t
Initialize network device and TCP/IP parameters
Show MAC address of embedded Ethernet controller. (MVP only)
Modify TCP/IP network parameters, select TFTP server IP address
Resets network information.
Set TELNET session timeout (platform will be reset if timeout).
Note:
No NIC initialization is allowed if connected via TELNET console. Use ni -p to change
TFTP server IP address in TELNET console.
Currently, only Realtek 8129/8139 or equivalent clones are supported by DINK driver.
Examples:
DINK32[MPC7455] {8} >>ni
NETWORK INFORMATION
PCI CARD
Type 8139/10EC on slot 16
SETTINGS
SERVER(TFTP)
GATEWAY
NETMASK
DHCP
CLIENT(DINK)
: 10. 18.15.27
: 10. 18.177.254
: 255.255.252. 0
:
0. 0. 0. 0
: 10. 18.177.201
DHCP: Disabled
SESSION TIMEOUT: Never
df
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MOTOROLA
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.PCI Config List
3.45 .PCI Config List
Command
pciconfig
Abbreviation
pcf
Syntax
pcf [-a] [-n fno] dev_num
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “pciconf” command displays the common PCI configuration registers, and 16
additional device specific registers of a PCI device.
Arguments:
-a
-n fno
Show all registers, not just the 0x00-0x3F range.
Show configuration space for function number “fno” on a multifunction
device; default is 0.
dev_num PCI device to access, 0 or 10..31.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC755] >> ppr
devNo
PCI ADR.
=====
========
11
0x80005800
DEVICE ID
VENDOR ID
========= =========
0x0565
0x10ad
DINK32 [MPC755] >> pcf 11
ADDR.
VALUE
=====
=====
0x00
0x10ad
0x02
0x0565
0x04
0x0007
0x06
0x0200
0x08
0x04
0x09
0x00
0x0a
0x01
0x0b
0x06
0x0c
0x00
0x0d
0x00
0x0e
0x80
0x0f
0x00
0x10
0x00000000
0x14
0x00000000
0x18
0x00000000
0x1c
0x00000000
0x20
0x00000000
0x24
0x00000000
0x28
0x00000000
0x2c
0x0000
0x2e
0x0000
DESCRIPTION
===========
Vendor ID
Device ID
PCI command
PCI status
Revision ID
Standard Programming Interface
Subclass code
Class code
Cache line size
Latency timer
Header type
BIST control
Base Address Register 0
Base Address Register 1
Base Address Register 2
Base Address Register 3
Base Address Register 4
Base Address Register 5
Cardbus CIS Pointer
Subsystem Vendor ID
Subsystem ID
MOTOROLA
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.PCI Config List
0x00000000
0x00 Interrupt line
0x00 Interrupt pin
0x00 MIN_GNT
Expansion ROM Base Address
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
0x30
0x3c
0x3d
0x3e
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
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PCI Display
3.46 PCI Display
Command
pcidisp
Abbreviation
pd
Syntax
pd [-bhw] [-f fno] dev_num reg_addr
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “pcidisp” command causes the contents of the specified PCI device register to be
displayed.
The PCI devices accessible are 0 and 10 to 31.
Arguments:
-b
-h
-w
-f fno
Displays and modify NB registers as a byte.
Displays and modify NB registers as a halfword.
Displays and modify NB registers as a word.
Show configuration space for function number “fno” on a multifunction
device; default is 0.
dev_num PCI device to access, 0 or 10..31
reg_addr Register address (hex index of standard PCI configuration registers)
Examples:
DINK32
0x10
DINK32
0x00
DINK32
0x40
[MPC603e] >> pcidisp 11 10
0x12345678
Base Address Register 0
[MPC603e] >> pd 0 0
0x1057
Vendor ID
[MPC603e] >> pd -b 11 40
0x17
(unknown)
MOTOROLA
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PCI Map
3.47 PCI Map
Command
pci map
Abbreviation
pmap
Syntax
pmap [-r]
Builds
DINK
Boards
Non Excimer/Maximer
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “PMAP” command displays the devices detected and configured during the
initialization process.
Arguments:
-r
Re-runs the PCI initialization process, configuring newly discovered devices
(already configured devices are not changed). This is typically used for
devices which are not automatically detected by DINKs PCI enumeration
process, and/or need special enablement procedures.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> pmap
PCI IO Map:
No
Range
== ===================
Inbound
========
Outbound
========
Name
====
PCI Mem Map:
No
Range
== ===================
Inbound
========
Outbound
========
Name
====
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PCI Modify
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.48 PCI Modify
Command
pcimod
Abbreviation
pm
Syntax
pm [-bhw] [-f fno] dev_num reg_addr
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “pcimod” command is used to modify the content of a configuration register (reg_addr)
of a PCI device (dev_num). The DevNum depends on the PCI slot the device is attached to,
and it can be found by executing the ppr (PCI Device Probe) command. This command first
displays the current value of the desired register, then asks the user to enter the new value.
The PCI devices accessible are 0 and 10 to 31.
This command does not return an error if the register requested is a read-only register.
Arguments:
-b
-h
-w
-f fno
Displays and modify NB registers as a byte.
Displays and modify NB registers as a halfword.
Displays and modify NB registers as a word.
Show configuration space for function number “fno” on a multifunction
device; default is 0.
dev_num PCI device to access, 0 or 10..31
reg_addr Register address (hex index of standard PCI configuration registers)
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] >> pcimod 11 10
0x10 0x00000000 Base Address Register 0
New Value? 12345678
DINK32 [MPC750] >> pcidisp 11 10
0x10 0x12345678 Base Address Register 0
MOTOROLA
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PCI Probe
3.49 PCI Probe
Command
pciprobe
Abbreviation
ppr
Syntax
ppr
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “pciprobe” command causes the PCI bus to be scanned for PCI devices and cards. For
each device found, the vendor and device ID are printed, as well as the device classification.
The PCI devices scanned are 0 and 10 to 31.
Arguments:
None
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC8240] >> ppr
DEV# VENDOR DEVICE MFN
==== ====== ====== ===
11
10AD
0565
0
1
12
(cannot probe self)
15
1022
2000
0
3-82
CLASS
==================
Bridge Device
Mass Storage
IDSEL/ADDR
===========
11:80005600
80005680
BASE ADDRESS
=============
MEM:80000000
IO: FE0003F0
Network Interface
15:80008800
MEM:81000000
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MOTOROLA
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Ping
3.50 Ping
Command
ping
Abbreviation
ping
Syntax
ping [-f][-n no][-l len] <host_ip>"
Builds
DINK
Boards
Sandpoint, MVP
Processors
All
The “ping” command executes a typical network ping operation.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Arguments:
-f
-l no
-n no
host_ip
Performs a ‘flood’ ping.
Sets the packet length to ‘no’; default is 64.
Sets the number of pings to perform; default is 4.
IP address to ping.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] >> ping 163.11.104.199
PING 163.11.104.199 from 163.11.104.198 : 64 bytes of data.
64 bytes from 163.11.104.199: icmp_seq=0 ttl=20 time=0.004 ms
64 bytes from 163.11.104.199: icmp_seq=1 ttl=20 time=0.004 ms
64 bytes from 163.11.104.199: icmp_seq=2 ttl=20 time=0.004 ms
64 bytes from 163.11.104.199: icmp_seq=3 ttl=20 time=0.004 ms
--- 163.11.104.199 ping statistics --4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
MOTOROLA
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PX
3.51 PX
Command
e500 performance register display
Abbreviation
px
Syntax
px
Builds
EDINK
Boards
Mars
Processors
e500 MPC85xx
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “px” command will display the names and register numbers of all the e500
performance registers..
Examples:
edink[MPC85x0] {9} >>px
e500 PERFORMANCE MONITOR REGISTERS
Perf Mon Number
Register Name
======== ======
=============
UPMC0
0
User Performance Monitor Counter 0 (Reflects PMC0)
UPMC1
1
User Performance Monitor Counter 1 (Reflects PMC1)
UPMC2
2
User Performance Monitor Counter 2 (Reflects PMC2)
UPMC3
3
User Performance Monitor Counter 3 (Reflects PMC3)
PMC0
16
Supervisor Performance Monitor Counter 0
PMC1
17
Supervisor Performance Monitor Counter 1
PMC2
18
Supervisor Performance Monitor Counter 2
PMC3
19
Supervisor Performance Monitor Counter 3
UPMLCa0
128
User Local Control A Register 0
UPMLCa1
129
User Local Control A Register 1
UPMLCa2
130
User Local Control A Register 2
UPMLCa3
131
User Local Control A Register 3
PMLCa0
144
Supervisor Local Control A Register 0
PMLCa1
145
Supervisor Local Control A Register 1
PMLCa2
146
Supervisor Local Control A Register 2
PMLCa3
147
Supervisor Local Control A Register 3
UPMLCb0
256
User Local Control B Register 0
UPMLCb1
257
User Local Control B Register 1
UPMLCb2
258
User Local Control B Register 2
UPMLCb3
259
User Local Control B Register 3
PMLCb0
272
Supervisor Local Control B Register 0
PMLCb1
273
Supervisor Local Control B Register 1
PMLCb2
274
Supervisor Local Control B Register 2
PMLCb3
275
Supervisor Local Control B Register 3
UPMGC0
384
User Performance Global Control Register 0
PMGC0
400
Supervisor Performance Global Control Register 0
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REGDISP
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.52 REGDISP
Command
regdisp
Abbreviation
rd
Syntax
rd [-b] [-h] [-w] [-d] [-v] [-f] [-e]
[r[##[+|-##]]
[f[##[+|-##]]
[v[##[+|-##]]
[s[##]][spr_name[‘.’fieldname]
[nb[‘.’ field_name]]
[bats]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “rd” command will display the contents of the specified registers. This command offers
the user numerous options for viewing different sets or portions of the PowerPC register
file, as well as for northbridge or PCI registers.
In general, all members of a register family can be displayed by by first letter of the register
family name. Otherwise, one or more of the specified registers are displayed.
Arguments:
The following arguments are all valid for specifying register displays.
-b
-h
-w
-f
-d
-v
-e
r
rx
rx+
rx-ry
rd f
MOTOROLA
Displays and modify registers as a byte.
Displays and modify registers as a halfword.
Displays and modify registers as a word.
Displays and modify registers as a single-float value (vector and
floating-point registers only).
Displays and modify registers as a double-float value (vector and
floating-point registers only).
Forces display to be ‘verbose’ regardless of RDMODE environment
setting.
Present register values of all the fields of a SPR or NB register as a list of
field names and values. It is longer than a simple hexadecimal
display, but shorter than the ‘verbose’ option
Show entire general register family
Show general purpose register #x (0 to 31)
Show general purpose register #x through r31
Show general purpose register #x through #y
Show entire floating point family
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REGDISP
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
fx
Show floating point register #x (0 to 31)
fx+
Show floating point register #x through f31
fx-fy
Show floating point register #x through #y
v
Show entire Altivec vector register family
vx
Show Altivec vector register #x (0 to 31)
vx+
Show Altivec vector register #x through v31
vx-vy
Show Altivec vector register #x through #y
p
Show entire e500 performance register family (edink only)
px
Show e500 performance register # (0-1024) (edink only)
s
Show entire special purpose register family
sx
Show special purpose register # (0-1024)
SPRname Show special purpose register by name, e.g. “msr”
sx.field Show field of special purpose register # (0-1024)
SPRname.fieldShow field of special purpose register by name
nb #
Show northbridge (MPC107, etc) register # (0-0xFF)
bats
Show and decode BAT registers.
The GPR and FPR registers are always displayed as hexadecimal values, while SPRs and
NB registers may be displayed as hexadecimal values, a list of field names, or a visually
expanded bitfield (called ‘verbose’ mode); refer to the ‘-e’ and ‘-v’ for the latter two, or the
ENV option for RDMODE. VPRs may be displayed as hex or floating point values, in sizes
from byte to word.
Examples:
VDINK32[MPC7450] {7} >>rd r1-r2
R1 =0008FFE0
R2 =00000000
DINK32 [MPC750] >> rd hid0
Hardware Implementation Dependent 0
SPR #1008
--------------------------------------------------------------HID0 : 0x80010080
10000000000000010000000010000000
+-------------------------------- : EMCP
: Enable MCP Check
+------------------------------- : DBP
: Disable Addr/Data Gener
+------------------------------ : EBA
: Enable Address Parity
+----------------------------- : EBD
: Enable Data Parity Check
+---------------------------- : BCLK
: Select Bus Clock
+--------------------------- : --:
+-------------------------- : ECLK
: Enable External Test
+------------------------- : PAR
: Disable ARTRY/SHD
+------------------------ : DOZE
: Doze Mode: PLL/TB/
(etc.)
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REGDISP
DINK32 [MPC750] >> rd -e HID0
HID0 : 0x80010080
EMCP=1
DBP=0
EBA=0
EBD=0
(etc.)
VDINK32[MPC7450] {9} >>rd r23+
R23=00000000
R24=00000000
R25=00000000
R26=00000000
R27=00000000
R28=00000000
R29=00000000
R30=00000000
R31=00000000
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Vector registers have flexible formatting.
DINK32 [MPC750] >> rd v2
V02= 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000000
VDINK32[MPC7450] {5} >>rd -f v2
V02=
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
DINK32 [MPC750] >> rd v
V00= 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000000
V01= 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000000
...
V30= 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000000
V31= 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000000
DINK32 [MPC750] >> rd -b v2-v4
V02= 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
V03= 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
V04= 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0.00000000
DINK32 [MPC750] >> rd nb a8
PICR1 : 0xA800CE42
In addition, the “rd” command can display fields of the SPRs and NB register, where
defined. To display onlyl a field, append a dot “.” and the name of the field to the SPR
register name.
DINK32 [MPC750] >> rd msr.emcp
EMCP = 1
DINK32 [MPC750] >>
Lastly, the “rd” command can display and decode all BAT registers (4 or 8 of each,
depending on the processor).
DINK32 [MPC750] >> rd bats
IBAT BLOCK ADDRESS
SIZE
==== ================== ====
0
00000000..0FFFFFFF 256MB
1
FF000000..FFFFFFFF 256MB
2
--------..-------- ---3
--------..-------- ---DBAT BLOCK ADDRESS
SIZE
==== ================== ====
0
00000000..0FFFFFFF 256MB
MOTOROLA
REPLACEMENT ADDR
==================
00000000..0FFFFFFF
FF000000..FFFFFFFF
--------..---------------..-------REPLACEMENT ADDR
==================
00000000..0FFFFFFF
WIMG
====
0011
1011
------WIMG
====
0011
PROT
====
R/W
R/W
------PROT
====
R/W
Chapter 3. DINK32 Commands
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VALID
=====
[S,P]
[S,P]
[off]
[off]
VALID
=====
[S,P]
3-87
REGDISP
1
2
3
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
FF000000..FFFFFFFF 256MB FF000000..FFFFFFFF
80000000..8FFFFFFF 256MB 80000000..8FFFFFFF
--------..-------- ---- --------..--------
1011
1111
----
R/W
R/W
----
[S,P]
[S,P]
[off]
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
DINK32 [MPC750] >>
3-88
DINK32 PowerPC Debugger User’s Manual
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REGMOD
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.53 REGMOD
Command
regmod
Abbreviation
rm
Syntax
rm[-b|-h|-w]
[r[##[+|-##]]
[f[##[+|-##]]
[v[##[+|-##]]
[s[##]][spr_name[‘.’fieldname]
[nb[‘.’ field_name]]
‘=’ value
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “rm” command will display the contents of the specified registers, and then prompt for
a new value to set the register. This command offers the user numerous options for viewing
different sets or portions of the PowerPC register file, as well as for northbridge or PCI
registers.
NOTE: Changes to registers only take effect when user programs are executed via ‘go’ or
‘tr’, with the exception of the NorthBridge PCI registers.
For GPR and SPR registers, the value can also be specified on the command line by
following the name with an equals sign and the value to be used. If more than one register
is slated for modification, the same suppled value is stored in all the registers.
Arguments:
The following arguments are all valid for specifying register displays.
-b, -h, -w Sets the access size of for northbridge and vector registers; ignored for
register accesses, which are always 32-bits.
rx
Show/modify general purpose register #x (0 to 31)
rx+
Show/modify general purpose register #x through r31
rx-ry
Show/modify general purpose register #x through #y
rd f
Show/modify entire floating point family
fx
Show/modify floating point register #x (0 to 31)
fx+
Show/modify floating point register #x through f31
fx-fy
Show/modify floating point register #x through #y
v
Show/modify entire Altivec vector register family
vx
Show/modify Altivec vector register #x (0 to 31)
vx+
Show/modify Altivec vector register #x through v31
MOTOROLA
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REGMOD
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
vx-vy
Show/modify Altivec vector register #x through #y
s
Show/modify entire special purpose register family
sx
Show/modify special purpose register # (0-1024)
SPRname Show/modify special purpose register by name, e.g. “msr”
sx.field Show/modify field of special purpose register # (0-1024)
SPRname.fieldShow/modify field of special purpose register by name
nb #
Show/modify northbridge (MPC107, etc) register # (0-0xFF)
The GPR and FPR registers are always displayed as hexadecimal values, while SPRs and
NB registers may be displayed as hexadecimal values, a list of field names, or a visually
expanded bitfield (called ‘verbose’ mode); refer to the ‘-e’ and ‘-v’ for the latter two, or the
ENV option for RDMODE. VPRs may be displayed as hex or floating point values, in sizes
from byte to word.
Note that special purpose, and northbridge registers can only be accessed individually and
not as a family or with the "+" or range forms. Northbridge supports -b, -h, -w options for
byte, halfword, and word access.
The vector registers are treated in the following manner: Since they are 128 bit registers,
they are normally treated as a collection of 4 32 bit values. Thus each 32 bit value can be
set individually, or as a set. Each 32 bit value is indicated by a number separated by the '_'
underline character. Each 32 bit value will be shifted left into the vector register.
Example: "rm v02" modifies the contents of vector register 2. A value x will shift 32
bits into v02, x_x will shift 64 bits into v02, and x_x_x, and x_x_x_x will shift
correspondingly into v02. Thus, "0_0_0_0" is required to zero out all of v02.
Alternately, the size of the register can be specified, and then DINK will prompt for each
particular byte, halfword, or long value.
Examples:
VDINK32[MPC7450]
R06 = 00000000
VDINK32[MPC7450]
R6 =00001234
VDINK32[MPC7450]
R06 = 00000000
VDINK32[MPC7450]
R6 =00007890
{11} >>rm r6
? 1234
{13} >>rd r6
{11} >>rm r6=7890
? 7890
{13} >>rd r6
VDINK32[MPC7455] {2} >>rm v2
V02= 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000000 ?1
VDINK32[MPC7455] {3} >>rd v2
V02= 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000001
VDINK32[MPC7455] {4} >>rm v2
V02= 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000001 ?abc_34e
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
REGMOD
VDINK32[MPC7455] {5} >>rd v2
V02= 0x00000000_00000001_00000ABC_0000034E
VDINK32[MPC7455] {4} >>rm v2
V02= 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000001 ?0_0_0_0
VDINK32[MPC7455] {5} >>rd v2
V02= 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000000
VDINK32[MPC7455] {12} >>rm -w v2
V02.0= = 00000002 ?1234
V02.1= = 00000003 ?5678
V02.2= = 00000004 ?9abc
V02.3= = 00000003 ?def0
VDINK32[MPC7455] {12} >>rd v2
V02= 0x00001234_00005678_00009ABC_0000DEF0
VDINK32[MPC7455] {14} >>rm -b v2
V02.0= = 00 ?FF
V02.1= = 00 ?
V02.2= = 12 ?
V02.3= = 34 ?
V02.4= = 00 ?FF
V02.5= = 00 ?
V02.6= = 56 ?
V02.7= = 78 ?
V02.8= = 00 ?FF
V02.9= = 00 ?
V02.10= = 9A ?
V02.11= = BC ?
V02.12= = 00 ?FF
V02.13= = 00 ?
V02.14= = DE ?
V02.15= = F0 ?
VDINK32[MPC7455] {14} >>rd v2
V02= 0xFF001234_FF005678_FF009ABC_FF00DEF0
DINK32 [MPC8241] >> rm nb 70
ADDR. VALUE DESCRIPTION
===== ===== ===========
0x70 0x0000 Power management config. 1
new value ? 1234
DINK32 [MPC8241] >> rd nb 70
ADDR. VALUE DESCRIPTION
===== ===== ===========
0x70 0x1234 Power management config. 1
DINK32 [MPC8241] >> rm nb -h 0xaa
0xaa 0x1234 ? ABCD
MOTOROLA
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Reset
3.54 Reset
Command
reset
Abbreviation
rst
Syntax
reset
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “reset” command attempts to reset the system, either by using the Port 92 reset facility,
or if unavailable, by a software reset (a jump, which is usually unsatisfactory).
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] >> rst
Software reset
<By default,
3-92
the system will now restart>
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SETBAUD
3.55 SETBAUD
Command
setbaud
Abbreviation
sb
Syntax
sb [-h] [-k] [rate]
Builds
All
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “setbaud” command sets or displays the baud rate for the host serial port (“-h” option)
or the keyboard serial port (“-k” option). “-k” is assumed if not entered.
Arguments:
-k
-h
rate
Set baud rate for keyboard port
Set baud rate for host port
A baud rate; typically 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 or 115200
Other values may be acceptable; an error is shown if the driver does not support the
requested value.
If no baud rate is entered, the current baud rate setting for the port is displayed.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC8245] >>setbaud 57600
Baud rate changing to 57600...BØ
<NOTE: the user must then change the baud rate on the terminal to
57600. Press return a few times to clear any corrupted characters>
DINK32 [MPC8245] >>
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SQUIT
3.56 SQUIT
Command
sim quit
Abbreviation
sq
Syntax
sq
Builds
EDINK
Boards
None
Processors
All
The “squit” command exits the simulator.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
EDINK32 [E500] >> sq
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Show SPRs
3.57 Show SPRs
Command
show sprs
Abbreviation
sx
Syntax
sx
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “sprs” command displays all SPRs valid for the current processor. It is equivalent to
“rd s+”.
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC7410] >> sx
SPR
Number
Register Name
===
======
=============
XER
1
FXU Exception Register
LR
8
Link Register
CTR
9
Counter Register
...
DINK32 [MPC7410] >>
MOTOROLA
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STTY
3.58 STTY
Command
stty
Abbreviation
stty
Syntax
stty [+ | -] [name] [“sane”]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “stty” command is used to control the behaviour of the DINK IO library.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Arguments:
“sane”
Reset all parameters to defaults.
“+”
Activate the selected feature
“-”
De-activate the selected feature.
name
An IOCTL parameter, one of:
INLCR
ICRNL
IGNCR
IGNNL
IECHO
IUCLC
ILCUC
ISTRIP
ONLCR
OCRNL
ONLRET
OUCLC
OLCUC
OSTRIP
if set, convert newlines to carriage returns on input.
if set, convert to carriage returns to newlines on input.
if set, ignore carriage returns on input.
if set, ignore newlines on input.
if set, echo input characters.
if set, convert lower-case input characters to upper case.
if set, convert lower-case input characters to upper case.
if set, clear MSB bit 7 on input characters.
if set, convert newlines to carriage returns on input.
if set, convert to carriage returns to newlines on output.
if set, on writing a newline also write a carriage return
if set, convert lower-case output characters to upper case.
if set, convert lower-case input characters to upper case.
if set, clear MSB bit 7 on output characters.
If + or - is not used, the indicated name is reported. If no arguments are all are supplied, all
settings are reported.
Examples:
VDINK32[MPC7455] {1} >>stty
INLCR =0
ICRNL =0
IGNCR =0
IUCLC =0
ILCUC =0
ISTRIP=0
ONLRET=0
OUCLC =0
OLCUC =0
vdink32[mpc7455] {3} >>stty +ouclc
vdink32[mpc7455] {4} >>he
sandpoint/mpc107 dink command list
3-96
IGNNL =0
ONLCR =1
OSTRIP=0
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IECHO =0
OCRNL =0
MOTOROLA
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mnemonic
========
as
bo
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
command
mnemonic
command
=================
========
=================
about...
ab
assemble code
benchmark, code
bm
boot program
...
vdink32[mpc7455] {5} >>stty -ouclc
STTY
MOTOROLA
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Switch CPU
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.59 Switch CPU
Command
switchcpu
Abbreviation
sc
Syntax
sc
Builds
DINK
Boards
MVP
Processors
All
The “sc” command is used to select between the primary (CPU #0) and secondary (CPU
#1) processors in a multi-processor environment. Subsequent DINK commands (including
“go”) are handled by the selected processor.
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
DINK32
R03:
DINK32
DINK32
R03:
DINK32
3-98
[MPC7450#0]
0x12341234
[MPC7450#0]
[MPC7450#1]
0xABCDABCD
[MPC7450#1]
>> rd r3
>> sc
>> rd r3
>>
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SX
3.60 SX
Command
special purpose register display
Abbreviation
sx
Syntax
sx
Builds
DINK
Boards
all
Processors
all
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “sx” command will display the names and register numbers of all the special purpose
registers.
Examples:
edink[MPC85x0] {36} >>sx
SPECIAL PURPOSE REGISTERS
SPR
Number
Register Name
===
======
=============
XER
1
FXU Exception Register
LR
8
Link Register
CTR
9
Counter Register
DEC
22
Decrementer
SRR0
26
Status Save/Restore Register 0
SRR1
27
Status Save/Restore Register 1
PID0
48
Processor 0 ID Register
DECAR
54
Decrementer Auto Reload
CSRR0
58
Critical Status Save/Restore Register 0
CSRR1
59
Critical Status Save/Restore Register 1
DEAR
61
Data Exception Address Register
ESR
62
Exception Syndrome Register
IVPR
63
Interrupt Vector Prefix Register
USPRG0
256
User General Purpose SPR 0
USPRG3
259
User General Purpose SPR 3
USPRG4
260
User General Purpose SPR 4
USPRG5
261
User General Purpose SPR 5
USPRG6
262
User General Purpose SPR 6
USPRG7
263
User General Purpose SPR 7
... more...
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SYMTAB
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3.61 SYMTAB
Command
symtab
Abbreviation
st
Syntax
st [-c] [-d label]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “symtab” command displays DINK32 symbol table information. Some symbols are
built-in, created by DINK. Others are collected by the assembler during code entry. These
symbols may be used as the address (@symbol) of the branch instruction while entering
assembly code.
Arguments:
-c
Delete all user-defined symbols
-d name Delete the named symbol. DINK labels cannot be deleted.
If no arguments are present, the symbol table is printed.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> as 160000+
0x00160000 0x60000000 nop
br1:xor r1,r2,r3
0x00160000 0x60000000 BRANCH LABEL br1:
0x00160000 0x60000000 nop
xor r3,r4,r5
0x00160004 0x60000000
br2:xor r1,r5,r6
0x00160004 0x60000000 BRANCH LABEL br2:
0x00160004 0x60000000
x
VERIFYING BRANCH LABELS.....
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> ds 160000
0x00160000 0x7c832a78 BRANCH LABEL br1:
0x00160000 0x7c832a78 xor
r03, r04, r05
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> as 160100
0x00160100 0x60000000
br3:xor r5,r6,r7
0x00160100 0x60000000 BRANCH LABEL br3:
0x00160100 0x60000000
x
VERIFYING BRANCH LABELS.....
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> st
Current list of DINK branch labels:
KEYBOARD:
0x0
get_char:
0x1e5e4
write_char:
0x5fac
TBaseInit:
0x39c4
TBaseReadLower:
0x39e8
TBaseReadUpper:
0x3a04
CacheInhibit:
0x3a20
InvEnL1Dcache:
0x3a40
DisL1Dcache:
0x3a88
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InvEnL1Icache:
DisL1Icache:
BurstMode:
RamInCBk:
RamInWThru:
dink_loop:
dink_printf:
SYMTAB
0x3aac
0x3b00
0x3bfc
0x3c3c
0x3c7c
0x5660
0x6368
Current list of USER branch labels:
br1:
0x160000
br2:
0x160004
br3:
0x160100
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> st -d br2
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> st
Current list of DINK branch labels:
KEYBOARD:
0x0
get_char:
0x1e5e4
write_char:
0x5fac
TBaseInit:
0x39c4
TBaseReadLower:
0x39e8
TBaseReadUpper:
0x3a04
CacheInhibit:
0x3a20
InvEnL1Dcache:
0x3a40
DisL1Dcache:
0x3a88
InvEnL1Icache:
0x3aac
DisL1Icache:
0x3b00
BurstMode:
0x3bfc
RamInCBk:
0x3c3c
RamInWThru:
0x3c7c
dink_loop:
0x5660
dink_printf:
0x6368
Current list of USER branch labels:
br1:
0x160000
br3:
0x160100
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> st -c
DINK32 [MPC603e] >> st
Current list of DINK branch labels:
KEYBOARD:
0x0
get_char:
0x1e5e4
write_char:
0x5fac
TBaseInit:
0x39c4
TBaseReadLower:
0x39e8
TBaseReadUpper:
0x3a04
CacheInhibit:
0x3a20
InvEnL1Dcache:
0x3a40
DisL1Dcache:
0x3a88
InvEnL1Icache:
0x3aac
DisL1Icache:
0x3b00
BurstMode:
0x3bfc
RamInCBk:
0x3c3c
RamInWThru:
0x3c7c
dink_loop:
0x5660
dink_printf:
0x6368
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SYMTAB
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Current list of USER branch labels:
DINK32 [MPC603e] >>
3-102
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TAU
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.62 TAU
Command
tau
Abbreviation
tau
Syntax
tau [-c cal][-w][-fh]
Builds
DINK
Boards
Maximer, MVP, Sandpoint, Yellowknife
Processors
MPC750, MPC755, MPC7410
The “tau” command displays or calibrates the TAU (Thermal Assist Unit). If no option is
entered, the current temperature is displayed (with or without calibration). The “^C”
notation is intended to (remotely) resemble a degree-notation.
Arguments:
-c val
-w
-fh
Calibrate the TAU to the supplied correct temperature (in ^C).
Display the TAU value repeatedly (until a key is pressed)
Show results in Fahrenheit.
Tau calibration values are always saved in the environment variable TAUCAL, if the
environment variable storage is available and has been initialized.
Examples:
DINK32 [ARTHUR] >>tau
Tjc = 58 ^C (uncalibrated)
DINK32 [ARTHUR] >>tau -c 18
Tjc = 18 ^C
DINK32 [ARTHUR] >>tau -c 18
TAUCAL = 0x8E001234
DINK32 [ARTHUR] >>tau
Tjc = 18 ^C
DINK32 [ARTHUR] >>tau -fh
Tjc = 32 ^F
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Test
3.63 Test
Command
test
Abbreviation
te
Syntax
test [k][kl][bt][vga][hwm]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “TE” command is an interface to specialized test code.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Arguments:
k
kl
bt
vga
hwm
PS/2 keyboard test
PS/2 keyboard loop.
BIOS timer test
VGA init
Hardware monitor test (MVP)
Examples:
DINK32 [ARTHUR] >>hwm
pVCORE=1.5V OVDD=2.3V
3-104
+3.3V=3.6V
+5.0V=5.2V
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Time
3.64 Time
Command
time
Abbreviation
rtc
Syntax
time [-w][-d #][-b][-s [date|time]
Builds
All
Boards
MVP, Sandpoint, Yellowknife, Elysium
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “time” command allows setting or displaying the real-time clock available on the MVP,
Sandpoint and Yellowknife systems.
Arguments:
-w
-s val
-b
-d #
The date and time are repeatedly displayed until a key is pressed.
Set the date and/or time to values specified on line.
Report the RTC battery status.
Disable DSE mode (# = 0) or enable it (# != 0).
If no argument is entered, the current date and time are displayed.
If a date or time value is entered, it is interpreted as follows:
‘/’ indicates a date value. If only one, the current year is not changed and the value is
interpreted as month ‘/’ date; otherwise it is interpreted as year ‘/’ month ‘/’ date.
‘:’ indicates a time value. If only one, the time is set to hour ‘:’ minute with seconds at
zero; if two are detected, seconds are also set. A trailing ‘AM’ or ‘PM’ sets AM/PM mode;
otherwise, a 24-hour clock is assumed.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> time
2001/04/15 03:38:14 PM
DINK32 [MPC8245] >> rtc -s 02/09/25 10:02:03pm
2002/09/25 10:02:03PM
DINK32 [MPC8245] >>rtc -w
2002/09/25 10:02:14 PM
2002/09/25 10:02:15 PM
2002/09/25 10:02:16 PM
...
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Transparent
3.65 Transparent
Command
transparent
Abbreviation
tm
Syntax
tm
Builds
DINK
Boards
MVP, Sandpoint, Yellowknife
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “tm” command will put DINK32 into a transparent mode, which essentially connects
the DINK console to the host port for remote access to the host system.
To exit transparent mode, enter control-A.
See Section 3.18, “Download.
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] >> tm
% telnet 128.0.0.1
...
<control-a>
DINK32 [MPC750] >>
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Trace
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.66 Trace
Command
trace
Abbreviation
tr
Syntax
tr {address | +}
Builds
All
Boards
Excimer, Maximer, MVP, Sandpoint, Yellowknife
Processors
All
The “trace” command allows the user to single-step through a user program. The processor
will execute a single instruction, and then return control back to DINK32. At that point the
user can examine and/or modify the processor context (registers, SPRs, memory, etc.) and
possibly continue executing additional instructions.
After “tr +” has been executed, it is often useful to simply enter “.” to repeat the trace
command and step through code.
Arguments:
+
address
then the address of the instruction to execute is derived from bits 0-29 of
the SRR0 (Machine Status Save / Restore) register.
Trace one instruction from the supplied address.
Example:
DINK32 [MPC8240] >> ds 2100
0x00002100 0x7c0802a6 mfspr r00, s0008
DINK32 [MPC8240] >> trace 2100
0x00002104 stw r13, 0xfff8(r01)
DINK32 [MPC8240] >> trace +
0x00002108 add r03, r00, r01
DINK32 [MPC8240] >> .
0x0000210c mfspr r04, s0274
DINK32 [MPC8240] >> tr + ; rd r3
0x00002108 add r03, r00, r01
R03: 0x00000001
DINK32 [MPC8240] >> .
0x0000210c mfspr r04, s0274
R03: 0x00000001
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Virtual Host File
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.67 Virtual Host File
Command
virtual hostfile
Abbreviation
vhf
Syntax
vhf [-r] filename
Builds
VDINK
Boards
None
Processors
All
The “vhf” command specifies the name of the source file that will be used when IO
operations are performed to the host port under VDINK. Typically used with the ‘DL’
commands to load S-record or binary files into the virtual memory space.
Arguments:
-r
the file is rewound; that is, the I/O pointer is set to the start of the file.
Used to restart I/O operations.
filename The name of a Unix, Linux or PC filename to be used.
Example:
VDINK32 [MPC8240] >> vhf /usr/share/dink32.src
VDINK32 [MPC8240] >> dl -h -o 100000
3456 records
VDINK32 [MPC8240] >> dl -h -o 100000
3-108
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Virtual Memory File
3.68 Virtual Memory File
Command
virtual memory
Abbreviation
vmem
Syntax
vmem [-w] filename
Builds
VDINK
Boards
None
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “VM” command allows reading or writing the virtual memory space of VDINK to an
external file.
Arguments:
-w
the virtual memory space is written to the named file.
filename The name of a Unix, Linux or PC filename which holds an image of the
VDINK virtual memory.
If ‘-w’ is not specified, the filename is read and virtual memory is set. “VM” is often used
with the “AUTO” ENV variable to load a default setup.
Example:
VDINK32 [MPC8240] >> vmem -w /tmp/vmem
VDINK32 [MPC8240] >> env AUTO=vmem /tmp/vmem
MOTOROLA
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VQUIT
3.69 VQUIT
Command
virtual quit
Abbreviation
vq
Syntax
vq
Builds
VDINK
Boards
None
Processors
All
The “VQ” command quits the VDINK and returns to the OS.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Arguments:
None.
Examples:
VDINK32 [MPC750] >> vq
$
3-110
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Virtual Simulator
3.70 Virtual Simulator
Command
vsim
Abbreviation
vs
Syntax
vsim [-DIrx][-f n][-d addr[‘-’addr]][-i addr[‘-’addr]][-n no] [t [‘r’][‘w’]]
Builds
VDINK
Boards
None
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “vs” command controls various aspects of the VDINK ISS (instruction set simulator)
“VSIM”.
Arguments:
-b
-d addr
-D
-f [0|1]
-i
-I
-n ###
-r
-t [r/w]
-v ###
-x
Display the backtrace stack and related information. VSIM tracks and
records each change of flow initiated by branch operations.
Set a data access breakpoint. If any data access to the address is detected,
execution is interrupted.
Toggle data access breakpoint enable/disable (settings retained).
Set the code flow trace flag to 0 or 1. If ‘1’, VSIM prints
Set an instruction access breakpoint.
Toggle instruction access breakpoint enable/disable (settings retained).
Set the number of cycles to trace on each TR command. Default is 1, but
larger numbers allow ‘burst’ tracing.
Reset the emulation system.
Set type of data access breakpoint to ‘r’=read, ‘w’=write, or ‘rw’ for
either.
Set the simulator verbose level; 0..n where n is fairly quiet and >=2 is
quite wordy.
Disable IABR/DABR for one cycle, then re-enable. This allows
tracing/go’ing across a breakpoint.
Examples:
VDINK32 [MPC750] >> vs
Instructions: 0 issued.
RSRV: none
IABR: none
DABR: none
Flow trace: off
Trace burst: 1 cycles
Verbose: 0
VDINK32[MPC7450] {1} >>as 100
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Virtual Simulator
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
00000100 00000000
00000104 00000000
VDINK32[MPC7450] {2} >>tr
00000104 00000000
VDINK32[MPC7450] {4} >>rd
R3 =00001234
VDINK32[MPC7450] {5} >>vs
Instructions: 1 issued.
RSRV: none
IABR: none
DABR: none
Flow trace: off
Trace burst: 1 cycles
Verbose: 0
VDINK32[MPC7450] {9} >>vs
Stack Information
Maximum stack depth =
Maximum R1 at blr
=
Stack backtrace
3-112
.WORD
.WORD
0x00000000
0x00000000
.WORD
0x00000000
li r3,1234
100
r3
-b
0 levels
00000000
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Wait
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
3.71 Wait
Command
wait
Abbreviation
wa
Syntax
[-k] [nn]
Builds
DINK
Boards
All
Processors
All
The “wait” command halts execution of DINK until the specified number of seconds have
elapsed, or until a key is pressed if the ‘-k’ option is used. This command is mostly used in
script files.
Arguments:
nn
-k
Number of seconds to pause.
Wait for a key, instead..
Examples:
DINK32 [MPC750] >> wait 10
DINK32 [MPC750] >>
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Shell Escape
3.72 Shell Escape
Command
escape
Abbreviation
!
Syntax
! [args]
Builds
VDINK
Boards
None
Processors
All
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The “!” command escapes the VDINK environment and runs the indicated command.
When done, VDINK resumes execution.
Arguments:
args
Command to execute.
Examples:
VDINK32 [MPC750] >> ! ls v*
virtual_dink_io.c
virtual_dink_s.c
VDINK32 [MPC750] >>
3-114
virtual_dink_sim.c
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Appendix A
History of DINK32 Changes
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
A.1
Version 13.1
April 30, 2003
1. New assembler/dissasembler
— works better
— all known bugs fixed
— asm can assemble all dsm generated instructions
— Entering control-B while in the assembler adds a breakpoint at the current spot
2. Common parts of “except2.S” and “except2e.S” moved to “common.S” for better
control of dink and edink source.
3. New EDINK target for e500 processors, such as the MPC8540 and MPC8560.
4. A complete “cpuinfo” database is used for DINK control.
5. Debug support for DPRINT/DEBUG_ENTRY/DEBUG_EXIT macros provided.
6. Download command (“dl”) enhancements:
— now works with no arguments
— “dl -b” (binary) initial timeout is now 30 seconds
— SRR0 is set to the code entry (download address or address + 0x10000 if an ELF
header is detected). This allows ‘tr +’ to start execution of downloaded code.
— New default download address is now 0x100000.
7. Environment (“env”) changes:
— Added -w ("wipe") option
— added L3HELP alias to L2HELP
— L*HELP has timer option now
— deleted I2C L2CACHE/L3CACHE options (slow, never was used)
— and fixed errors with BOOT arguments
— NVRAM on Sandpoint/Elysium set to 8K-100 bytes (upper portion reserved for
network parameters and/or RTC).
MOTOROLA
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A-1
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Version 13.1 April 30, 2003
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
8. Apollo6 and Apollo7 MPC7455/57 supported, including L2/L3 cache changes,
extended BAT tables, and PLL encoding variations.
9. Only MPC8245- and MPC107-based systems set “target_type” for multi-system
DINK boots.
10. The MARS Arcadia platform is detected:
— Support for the VIA 82C686B PIPC/IO
— TSI320 PCI-to-PCI bridge detection/initialization.
11. SMP detection and setting for CPU #1 improved (MVPDINK).
12. Tracing over breakpoints now works with 'tr +' form.
13. Memory initialization:
— Support for 15row/256MB SDRAM devices.
— MBEN only set to actual number of detected banks (MVLinux request)
— Fixed bug preventing double-bank SODIMM detection.
— I2C data built dynamically for non-SPD-I2C PMCs
— Added ‘mi -r’ to force memory controller re-initialization.
14. Miscellaneous command changes:
— “fi” revamped for more platform options.
— added “-f” flush option to cache command.
— Added -r 'remap' option to pmap (forces PCI remapping to devices that are
user-enabled).
— Added -d “dump” option to PCI register display.
15. IOLIB enhancements:
— Added sprintf(), fprintf(), and printf() interfaces
— Added MEM: IO device driver for memory-based scripts
— Unified all PC-16x50-based UART drivers into one file: “uart.c”.
— RTS/CTS flow control is handled for Sandpoint
16. New RapidIO functions (custom builds)
17. New shell functions/enhancements:
— “wait” command - waits for time or keyboard for scripts
— “id” command - usable on more platforms.
— command line arguments can be entered as hex (default, with or without leading
“0x”, decimal (with a leading “&”) or binary (with a leading “%”).
— “ex” command - precedentless expression calculator, supports values
(hex/dec/bin as per the above) and +, -, *, /, |, &, ^, ~, <, <=, =, >=, >, !=, >>, <<
A-2
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Inc. 13.0 November 1, 2002
— command lines can be recalled from the history buffer with a VT52/VT102 up
arrow/down arrow command. Requires VT emulation to be enabled on the
terminal emulator program.
— command lines can be edited with VTxx sequences: left and right arrows move
left and right in the command line; DEL deletes to the end of the line
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
A.2
Version 13.0
November 1, 2002
1. Extensive rewrite to all commands to use the interactive shell and the command line
parser it provides.
The parser and tokenizer toolbox is gone (arg_tb.*, rfs_tb.*, tok.*, tok_tb.*, help.*);
adding and modifying commands is vastly simpler.
2. Networking support for the RealTek 8239 is added.
TELNET to DINK supported
TFTP downloads supported.
3. Default baud rate of 115200 changed.
4. Most IO is channeled through “iolib.c”, facilitating IO redirection for VDINK and
other platforms.
5. Similarly, most commands use “gme.c” drivers for memory and IO access,
allowing VDINK to emulate them. EDINK may also.
6. ENV is now case-insensitive; “VERBOSE” and “verbose” are equivalent.
7. RESET_BASE is no longer needed; the reset base is detected via a ‘blr next’
sequence, and is globally saved.
8. More information is made available for Linux via the DINK_TRANSFER table.
9. IDE track-level drivers are added. A tiny filesystem is also provided allowing
booting from disk (however, this filesystem is not compatible with anything).
10. More flexible boot options, including disk and network booting.
11. MPC8245-based systems set the secondary flash to 8-bit mode, and the flash
algorithms detect and use this. MPC8240 is still 64-bit, though.
12. Upon startup, the PCI bus is enumerated and enabled.
13. Flash programming for MVP and PMCs updated with blank check skips, overwrite
skips, etc.
14. Support for MVP X3 including background tasks, easier memory optimization.
15. Register display (‘rd’) can display FPRs and VPRs using various floating point
and/or byte/word/long sizes.
16. The RTC clock setting syntax is free-form and works from the command line,
instead of prompting.
MOTOROLA
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A-3
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Version 12.3 October 25, 2001
17. A final-assy test initialization command was added.
18. More memory optimization commands and data were added.
19. Virtual DINK has a simulator added; all INT instructions supported; most FP and
VEC operations.
20. PCI bus number selection was replaced with a automatically detected bus number.
21. Support for the BigBend platform was removed.
22. md and mm were replaced with the more flexible dd/dm commands (invisibly).
Therefore, the MDMODE option was deleted.
23. Upon startup, memory is always optimized (unless the env is wiped out or a key is
pressed), so MEMOPT is no longer a special ENV variable.
24. For MPC745X processors, L2CACHE is always enabled, so the ENV variable is
less useful (but still supported).
A.3
Version 12.3
October 25, 2001
1. flag assembly of unknown SPRs. as 90000 mfspr r14,badsprname
2. fix the log and dl -h commands, i.e. the host port.
— Restrictions on the dl -h command baud of 19200 or less supported after the
download completes it states the error: ERROR: unrecognized command or
symbol but in fact there is no error so ignore the error message.
3. Accomodate four stack spaces, two each for each of two cpus.
— CPU0:
set user’s stack pointer to 0x20 bytes below the user’s load address of
0x90000-32 (8ffe0) == CPU0U_STACK and 10000 bytes above dink’s stack
space. So if user uses more than 0x8000 stack it will impact the other CPU. set
dink’s stack pointer to 0x80000-32 (7ffe0) == CPU0_STACK
— CPU1: (if present) set user’s stack pointer to 0x20 bytes below the user’s load
address of 0x89000-32 (88fe0) == CPU1U_STACK and 0x10000 bytes above
dink’s stack space So if user uses more than 0x8000 stack it will impact dink
set dink’s stack pointer to 0x79000-32 (78fe0) == CPU1_STACK
NOTE: dink stack space is 0x70000 to 0x80000-32
user space is 0x80000 to 0x90000-32
user can download programs starting at 0x90000
4. Install the code to support MVP and dual vger.
a) galileo bridge chip memory manager
b) galileo bridge chip sdma/uart support
A-4
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Freescale Semiconductor, Version
Inc. 12.3 October 25, 2001
— Change Dink Manual to reflect that we are using BAT3 to support the uart
descriptors and buffers at 01c00000 (about 29MB decimal) If user want to use
this memory space they need to fix except2.s and
drivers/galileo_uart/uartMiniDriver.c.
5. Much better cache support with CCs cache management code.
a) all cache management routines (flush, flush_disable, inval_enable) have been
thoroughly proven on 603e,8240/8245,750/755,7400/7410,7455 and may be
useful as example code.
b) L2 (and L3 if applicable) can now be enabled on dink boot by setting
environment variables L2CACHE and L3CACHE. Dink will always use those
settings (i.e. regmod no longer can change dink’s HID0,L2CR, or L3CR) The
prescribed way to change L2CR or L3CR is to change env variables and reboot.
Dink’s HID0 is programmed to enable the maximum performance features at
dink boot up. (Dink’s HID0, L2CR, and L3CR are the user’s initial state.)
c) Regmod can modify the user’s cache state and the appropriate flush,disable,
invalidate, and enable routines manage the transition between user cache state
and dink cache state on every go_trace and return_from_exception (or
user_return).
d) By enabling VERBOSE=1 in the environment variables you can observe the
transitions between dink cache state and user cache state and return.
6. PCI MEM aperture set to 256MB
7. FPRs are set to zero on reset.
8. Corrections for PCI drive strength on PMC cards.
9. Set EXTROM and TBEN for MPC8245, plus reduced size write.
10. New rd/rm parser:
‘rd bats’
-- shows bats
‘rd r’
-- shows registers in condensed column format.
‘rd SPR.FIELD’ -- shows individual bits of an SPR register.
‘rm SPR.FIELD’ -- shows/modifies individual bits of an SPR register.
In non-verbose mode, registers are not forced aligned and are
printed in a denser format. ‘ENV RDMODE=e’
11. fu for local flash faster
12. id command extended for L3 support and MPC8245-standalone mode.
13. reg_spr.c maintained with a database/structure system instead of individual
procedures.
14. gpic support and new gpic command
15. Reorganize all the makefiles to have one file for the compiler tool paths.
16. Added new demos and utilities directories.
MOTOROLA
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A-5
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Version 12.2 February 16, 2001
17. Auto-detect memory.
18. Fixed many bugs and improved register displays.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
A.4
Version 12.2
February 16, 2001
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Support MPC8245, MPC7410, and MPC7450.
Expand more() in help.c to accept ‘x’ for termination
Expand help menu for env
Two new utilities, dasm and srec2bin.
Fixed bugs:
#11: ds 0 as 0x now dissasemble as
#13: tr no longer trashes srr0 and srr1
#22: ds bc 4,14,-14 and bne cr3,-14 correctly
6. One new demo, generate_s
A.5
Version 12.1
August 30, 1999
1. Improved the flash capability for Yellowknife and Sandpoint in the fu command.
2. Reorganized all the demo directories into one highlevel directory demos and added
makefile_gcc
3. User spr registers are now initialized during bootup. No need to perform a ‘go’
command to initialize register table. Added a return path through the exception
handler for user code to safely return to DINK. The routine is called user_return
and is sort of a dummy exception vector that allows the exception handler to take
care of all context switching between DINK and USER code.
4. Added “dev epic ISRCnt” to “dev epic” command list. This command allows the
user to connect a downloaded Interrupt Service Routine to an epic interrupt vector.
5. PMC ROM support.
6. Add memSpeed (memory bus speed) and processor_type (type of processor
MPC603, etc) to the dink_transfer_table.
A.6
Version 12.0
November 30, 1999
1. Implement a dink transfer table to dynamically assign dink functions such as printf,
dinkloop, getchar, in a table so that it is no longer necessary to statically determine
the function address and change them in demo or dhrystones or any user program.
A-6
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Version 11.0.2 June 1, 1999
2. Configuration (environment variables) are saved in NVRAM for yk/sp, saved in
RAM for Excimer and Maximer. New command, env, manipulates these
configurations. Also implements multiple command aliases, however, da and ra are
still available.
3. New command, tau, display and/or calibrate the Thermal Assist Unit.
4. Faster download and no need to set character delays on the serial line, implemented
by turning on the duart FIFO.
5. Turn on both banks of memory in the YellowKnife and Sandpoint, now
32Megabytes is available on dink32 startup.
6. Improved printf format facilities, including floating point.
7. Most commands can now be placed into quiet mode, and verbose mode can be used
with the -v command. Default is verbose on both, same as always, with or without
ENV. The ‘-e’ mode expands fields and can be made default with env RDMODE=e.
Only Excimer and Maximer require the setup, and RDMODE can be ‘Q’ (quiet),
‘E’ (expand fields), or anything else. On Excimer and Maximer it can be set up with
these commands:
env -c, env rdmode=0
8. The dl command can be placed in silent mode with the “-q”.
9. rd or rm can use these aliases for the memory register, northbridge, nb, mpc106,
mpc107, or mpc8240.
10. Fixed command termination character, ‘x’, so it will not restart if unexpected.
11. Fixed problems with double prompts printed on startup with DCACHE.
12. Implement a new makefile, makefile_gcc, and conform the dink code to build with
the gcc eabi compatible compiler for processors that implement the PowerPC
architecture. Build and load works, all memory features are broken. This will be
fixed in the next release.
13. Implemented flash programming for PCI-hosted boot ROM on YK/SP platforms.
The command ‘fl -h’ transfers 512k from a specified memory location to the flash.
14. Added share memory between host and agent targets using the Address Translation
Unit (ATU).
A.7
Version 11.0.2
June 1, 1999
1. Fixed invalid cacheing on 603. 603 does not reset the cache invalidate bits in
hardware, so added the facility in software.
2. Detects MPC107.
3. About command now reports board and processor identification.
4. Improved the help facility.
MOTOROLA
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A-7
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Version 11.0.1 May 1, 1999 (Not Released)
5. Added makefiles for the PC, makefile_pc in every directory.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
A.8
Version 11.0.1
May 1, 1999 (Not Released)
1. Change the location of Stack pointer load/save. DINK code now occupies through
0x0080000. USER CODE MUST NOT START EARLIER THAN 0x0090000!
2. Fixed vector alignment.
3. Fixed VSCR register implementation issue.
4. Fixed access issue for registers VRSAVE,RSCR,FPSCR,RTCU, RTCL & RPA.
5. Fixed HID1 display for 603e, 604e.
6. Fixed breakpoint/exception problem broken in rev10.7 for 603e.
7. Fixed location of exception vectors after EH1200, they were wrong.
8. Fixed flushhead in except2.s to work correctly.
A.9
1.
2.
3.
4.
Version 11.0
March 29, 1999
Add AltiVec support for the MAX processor.
Added vector registers to register list.
Add assembler disassembler code for altivec mnemonics.
fl -dsi has been expanded to display the flash memory range for each sector.
A.10 Version 10.7
February 25, 1999
1. Add 1999 to copyright dates.
2. Add timeout to flash_write_to_memory, so an unfinished write to flash won’t last
for ever, it will timeout and issue an error message.
3. Add test all flash write for protected sector and if protected issue an error and
refuse the write.
4. Disable transpar,tm from excimer.
5. Set DCFA bit from 0 to 1 for MAX chips only
A.11 Version 10.6
January 25, 1999
1. Implement the history.c file and allow the about command to use constants for
Version, Revision, and Release.
A-8
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Inc.
Version 10.5 November 24, 1998
2. Implement the fl –dsi and fl -se commands.
3. Automatically detect flash between Board Rev 2 and 3.
4. Remove the fw -e command from DINK32, it is only available in MDINK32.
A.12 Version 10.5
November 24, 1998
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
1. Changed default reset address to be -xfff0 for standalone dink
2. Fix bugs in trace command
A.13 Version 10.4
November 11, 1998
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Recapture 10.3 LED post routine in MDINK
Add BMC_BASE_HIGH for kahlua to reach the high config registers
Added memory test feature during POR.
Corrected ending address for kahlua X4 configuartion
Added basic Kahlua support
A.14 Version 10.3
no date
1. This was never released
A.15 Version 10.2
September 11, 1998
1. This release is the same as Version 10 Revision 1
A.16 Version 10.1
September 10, 1999
1. Enable ICACHE and DCACHE
A.17 Version 9.5
August 5, 1998
1. Implement flash commands, fw -e and basic flash erase and write support.
2. Split dink into two types, mdink - minimal dink and dink.
3. Implement support for excimer.
MOTOROLA
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A-9
Version 9.4 May 22, 1998
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
A.18 Version 9.4
May 22, 1998
1. Implement L2 Backside Code.
2. Turned on DCACHE and ICACHE as default at boot time.
3. Added Yellowknife X4 boot code (Map A & B)
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
A.19 Prior to Version 9.4
Approximately October 10, 1997
1. Merged CHRP and PREP
2. Added W_ACCESS (Word access) H_ACCESS, and B_ACCESS
3. One version of dink works with all processors, 601, 603, 604, and ARTHUR.
A-10
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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Appendix B
Example Code
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These demos are available on the DINK32 web site.
Seventeen example directories are included in the DINK32 distribution. These directories
include all the source files, makefiles, and readme files(s). All these directories contain
examples of using the dynamic DINK addresses as described in Appendix D,
“User-Callable DINK Functions.”
There is one makefile for each of these demos.
•
makefile—UNIX metaware
The metaware compiled code will complete by returning to DINK without error.
The 17 demo programs for this release are:
1. agentboot
2. dink_demo
3. Dhrystone - mwnosc
4. l1test and l1teststd
5. l2sizing
6. backsidel2test
7. lab4 (excimer only)
8. memspeed
9. printtest
10. testfile
11. l3test
12. spinit
13. duart_8245
14. galileo (mvp only)
15. galileo_read_write (mvp only)
16. linpack
17. watch (excimer only)
MOTOROLA
Appendix B. Example Code
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
B-1
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agentboot
B.1
agentboot
The directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that can then be
downloaded into dink at address 0x100000 and run. This example program is meant to
demonstrate how to boot an MPC8240/MPC107 based PCI Agent from Host local memory
space on the Sandpoint reference platform.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
B.1.1
Background
DINK32 V12.0 and later is currently setup up so that once the Host boots up from the DINK
image in ROM, it then configures the Agent. Once the Agent is configured, its PCI
Command Register is then set and it is allowed to boot up from the same DINK image in
ROM. What this example code does is force the Agent to boot up from code it thinks is in
ROM, but is actually in Host local memory space.
B.1.2
•
•
•
•
•
README.txt—this appendix
main.c—C code routines
agentboot.s—ASM code routines
makefile—UNIX makefile
agentboot.txt—agentboot demo summary file including the source files and readme.
B.1.3
•
•
•
•
•
•
B-2
Assumptions
Running on a Sandpoint Reference Platform.
MPC8240/MPC107 based Agent in 32bit PCI slot #4 (Third from PMC). See Note 3
below on using alternate PCI slots.
Running DINK32 V12.0 or later.
B.1.4
•
In This Directory
Usage
Compile/Assemble the code below and link into S-Record format downloadable to
0x100000 using makefile or makefile_pc. Simply type make to use the UNIX
makefile, or type make -f makefile_pc to use the PC makefile.
Download the S-Record to Host local memory using dl -k at the Host’s DINK32
command prompt.
Launch the program using go 100000 at the Host’s DINK32 command prompt.
The program should set up the Agent to boot from the Host’s local memory space at
0x0100. The agent boot code located there will have the Agent write the value 777
(0x309) to Host local memory at 0x4C04. The user can verify this by using DINK
to display that memory location by typing md 4c04 at the DINK command prompt.
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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B.2
Dink_demo
Dink_demo
The demo directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that can
then be downloaded into dink at address 0x100000 and run.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
B.2.1
Building
The demo can be built with the UNIX command, make -f makedemo. The demo.src file can
be downloaded with the DINK32 command dl -k. It can be executed with the DINK32
command, go 100000. Demo will run continuously. It can be stopped by a reset, or pressing
any key.
B.2.2
Function Addresses
All dink function addresses are determined dynamically, see Appendix D, “User-Callable
DINK Functions,” for more information.
B.3
Dhrystone - mwnosc
The dhrystone directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that
can then be downloaded into dink at address 0x100000 and run. The dhrystone directory
has two subdirectories ties, MWnosc and watch. The makefile is contained in the MWnosc
directory. This directory contains all the code necessary to build and run a Dhrystone
benchmark program. Before starting execution, change the value of hid0 and dbat1l.
DINK32 by default starts the downloaded program with caches off and cache inabled in the
dbats. Change hid0 to 0000cc00 and dbat1l to 12. Use these commands:
rm hid0 | 0000cc00, rm dbat1l | 12.
B.3.1
Building
The demo can be built with the UNIX command, make. After making the dhrystone src,
download the file, dhry.src with the DINK32 command dl -k. Then change the hid0 register
to 8000C000 and change the dbat1L to 12.
There are two makefiles:
•
makefile—use the UNIX cross compiler tools for the PowerPC architecture.
It can be executed with the DINK32 command, go 100000.
MOTOROLA
Appendix B. Example Code
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
B-3
l1test and l1teststd
B.3.2
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Function Addresses
All dink function addresses are determined dynamically, see Appendix D, “User-Callable
DINK Functions,” for more information.
B.4
l1test and l1teststd
The directory contains source ‘c’ code to perform an l1 cache test.
B.4.1
Building
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The example program can be built with the UNIX metaware or GNU GCC.
There is only the default target. Only the metaware makefile is available.
B.5
l2sizing
The directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that can then be
downloaded into dink at address 0x100000 and run. This example program is meant to
demonstrate how to detect whether a processor is a MPC740 or MPC750. It also detects the
size of the L2 Backside Cache.
B.5.1
•
•
•
•
•
•
README.txt—this appendix
l2sizing1.c—C code routines
l2sizing2.s—ASM code routines
l2sizing.h—Header file
l2sizing.src—Downloadable S-Record
makefile—UNIX makefile
B.5.2
•
•
B-4
Assumptions
Running DINK32 V12.0 or later.
B.5.3
•
•
In This Directory
Usage
Download the modified DINK32 V12.0 (See Notes section).
Compile/Assemble the code below and link into S-Record format downloadable to
0x100000 using makefile. Simply type make to use the UNIX makefile.
Download the S-Record to Host local memory using dl -k at the Host’s DINK32
command prompt.
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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•
Launch the program using go 100000 at the Host’s DINK32 command prompt.
B.5.4
•
To Build
UNIX: make [clean]
B.5.5
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
•
backsideL2test
Notes
In order to use DINK’s Dynamic Functions such as printf you must #include
dinkusr.h and link dinkusr.s during compilation/link time. Please see this User’s
Guide Appendix D, “User-Callable DINK Functions,” for more info.
B.6
backsideL2test
The directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that can then be
downloaded into dink at address 0x100000 and run. This application will test the L2 cache
and exercise the performance monitor. Read the l2test.readme for more information.
B.6.1
Building
The demo can be built with the UNIX command, make. The srecord file can be downloaded
with the DINK32 command dl -k. It can be executed with the DINK32 command, go
100000.
•
makefile—used for this release of DINK32 R12 and beyond.
B.6.2
Function Addresses
All dink function addresses are determined dynamically, see Appendix D, “User-Callable
DINK Functions,” for more information.
B.7
lab4 (excimer only)
The directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that will blink
the lights on the Excimer platform when it is downloaded into dink at address 0x100000
and run. This test will only work on Excimer.
B.7.1
Building
The lab4 can be built with one makefile. It can be executed with the DINK32 command, go
100000. Lab4 will run continuously.
MOTOROLA
Appendix B. Example Code
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
B-5
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
memspeed
B.7.2
Function Addresses
All dink function addresses are determined dynamically, see Appendix D, “User-Callable
DINK Functions,” for more information.
B.8
memspeed
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The directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that can then be
downloaded into dink at address 0x100000 and run. This application will demonstrates
using the dynamic variable (and dynamic function) capability. The two variables,
memSpeed (bus speed), and process_type (Processor type) are available via the
dink_transfer_table as described in Appendix D, “User-Callable DINK Functions.”
It prints out the memory bus speed and processor name of the board on which it is
executing.
B.8.1
Building
The demo can be built with the UNIX command, make. The memspeed.src file can be
downloaded with the DINK32 command dl -k.
It can be executed with the DINK32 command, go 100000.
B.8.2
Function Addresses
All dink function addresses and the two dink variable addresses are determined
dynamically, see Appendix D, “User-Callable DINK Functions,” for more information.
B.9
printtest
The directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that can then be
downloaded into dink at address 0x100000 and run. This application will test the various
printf features.
B.9.1
Building
The demo can be built with the UNIX command, make. The printtest.src file can be
downloaded with the DINK32 command dl -k.
It can be executed with the DINK32 command, go 100000.
B.9.2
Function Addresses
All dink function addresses are determined dynamically, see Appendix D, “User-Callable
DINK Functions,” for more information.
B-6
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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testfile
B.10 testfile
This directory contains source files that can be built to build an application, which is an
endless loop, that can then be downloaded into dink at address 0x100000 and run.
B.10.1 Building
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The testfile can be built with the UNIX command, makefile. The demo.src file can be
downloaded with the DINK32 command dl -k. It can be executed with the DINK32
command, go 100000. testfile will run continuously. It can be used to try out the breakpoint
and other features of DINK32.
B.10.2 Function Addresses
All dink function addresses are determined dynamically, see Appendix D, “User-Callable
DINK Functions,” for more information.
B.11 l3test
The directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that will
initialize and test the L3 cache on those processors that have an L3. This is a simple test to
see if the caches have been appropriately flushed, disabled, invalidated, and enabled on the
various Motorola Processors installed on Sandpoint Reference platforms.
B.11.1 Building
The makefile can be invoked with two targets.
•
l3manage—create the l3 test executable, cachetestp.src.
There are four versions of the makefile:
•
metaware on unix—makefile
It can be downloaded and executed with the DINK32 commands, dl -k, go 100000. See the
README file for more details.
B.11.2 Function Addresses
All dink function addresses are determined dynamically, see Appendix D, “User-Callable
DINK Functions,” for more information.
MOTOROLA
Appendix B. Example Code
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
B-7
SPINIT
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B.12 SPINIT
The “SPINIT” (pronounced “S-P-Init”) directory contains source files that can be built to
build an application that will initialize the sandpoint board with autosizing memory and
kernel IO drivers. Unlike the DINK code, SPINIT is streamlined and omits most of the
legacy support. Also contains assembly-language drivers for standard PC-16x50 UART
(such as the MPC8245 and/or Sandpoint motherboard), allowing early access to console
I/O for debugging.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
B.12.1 Building
The makefile target is spinit.src. The s-record file code begins at 0x0, allowing it to be
loaded in place of DINK. SPINIT cannot be downloaded and executed (at least, it will not
do anything useful). A more typical use of SPINIT is to add custom modifications and then
to replace DINK, whether with a PromJET flash emulator, a COP debugger download
function, or even just a re-programmed flash. A user can use this code as a starting place
for their own sandpoint monitor code.
B.12.2 Status
Complete except for interrupt handling, and C-language environment is not fully working
(most likely bss copy is not right).
B.13 duart_8245
This test is composed of two directories, duart_8245_driver and duart_8245_isr. These
directories contain source files that can be built to build an application that will use the
duart in the MPC8245. It will read characters from the input stream and echo them to the
output stream via the serial port using the 8245 Duart and EPIC interrupt controller. Read
the src/readme.txt file for information on running this test.
B.13.1 Building
Note: This code uses two different load addresses, both different from the normal load
address. The driver uses 0x001a0000 and the isr uses 0x001c0000 load addresses. The
makefile forces these load addresses upon the elf and src files. Read the readme.txt files
The code is contained in two directories:
• driver—contains the code to build the function that echos the keyboard
• isr—interrupt service routine that is connected to the EPIC
1. Build isr_uart1.src in the isr directory:
— cd isr
B-8
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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galileo - mvp only
— make
— isr_uart1.src is built to load at 0x001c0000
2. Build main.src in the driver directory
— cd driver
— make
— main.src is built to load at 0x001a0000
3. Download isr_uart1.src and main.src in dink
— dl -k <use the terminal emulator to download isr_uart1.src>
— dl -k <use the terminal emulator to download main.src>
4. Attach the isr to epic
— dev epic ISRCnt 24 1c0000
— dev epic
B.13.2 Usage
Attach the SP com1 output to a terminal emulator for com1.
Attach the 8245 duart output to a terminal emulator for com2. Once started using the steps
outlined in the build instructions above, begin typing into the com2 terminal after the
download and performing the dink32 commands above.
B.14 galileo - mvp only
This directory is used to build an except2.s suitable for initializing a board using the Galileo
GT642600 Discovery bridge chip. It is designed for simulation on a synopsis board,
however, the s-record file could be downloaded to a board using the Galileo bridge chip. It
would require some modifying for the particular bridge chip. This is designed for the
Galileo, GT64260 Discovery Bridge Chip. It also contains the capability of running a
linpack benchmark. It is called simexcept2.src.
This is only useful for someone with a hardware simulator.
B.14.1 Building
makefile target:
all:
builds an simexcept2.src file and converts it to a simulator input file sram_data.bin the
user must still change the load address from @fff00000 to @0000000
MOTOROLA
Appendix B. Example Code
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
B-9
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galileo_read_write - mvp only
B.14.2 Usage
See the readme file for more information.
B.15 galileo_read_write - mvp only
The directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that will read the
Galileo GT64260 Discovery Bridge Chip config register and modify the PIPELINE bit (bit
13) then write it back.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
This program can be modified to read or write any galileo configuration register by
modifying the main function.
B.15.1 Building
There is one way to build it.
•
metaware on unix—makefile.
B.15.2 Usage
No input is accepted. Output consists of displaying the register value when read, when
modified and then when written. See the readme file for more information.
B.16 linpack
The directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that will perform
the linpack benchmark.
B.16.1 Building
There is one way to build it.
•
metaware on unix—makefile
B.16.2 Usage
The user is prompted for input. See the readme file for more information.
modified and then when written. See the readme file for more information.
B.17 watch - excimer only
The directory contains source files that can be built to build an application that will read the
time base on an excimer.
B-10
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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watch - excimer only
B.17.1 Building
There is one way to build it.
•
metaware on unix—makefile
B.17.2 Usage
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Download and execute the program.
MOTOROLA
Appendix B. Example Code
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
B-11
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
watch - excimer only
B-12
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
MOTOROLA
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Appendix C
Building and Extending DINK
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C.1
Obtaining DINK32 Source
Limited source is available for downloading from the Motorla website. Full source can also
be requested through the same web site.
The DINK32 webpage is available through the Motorola web site at
http://www.motorola.com. Search for the keyword “DINK32.”
C.2
Building DINK32
Instructions are supplied with the full source code.
C.3
DINK Software Build Process
DINK32 is a sophisticated debug ROM program. Most hardware specific features such as
the specific processor, the memory map, the target platforms, etc. are automatically
detected at run time. This flexibility allows a single version of DINK32 to run on different
platforms with different processors; for example the same version of DINK32 will boot tthe
Sandpoint as well as the Excimer and Maximer platforms with all the supported processors.
The ROM device on the Sandpoint system is the Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
device. Upgrading the firmware on such system could be as easy as removing and replacing
the old ROM with the new one. The ROM devices on the Excimer and Maximer platform
however are the thin small surface mount packages (TSSOP). It is not easy to remove such
devices on the target hardware for upgrading. To solve this problem, Motorola provides a
smaller version of DINK32 called MDINK. The main purpose of mdink is to download
DINK32 or other boot program to ROM, thus it provides a robust way for upgrading the
firmware.
There are four different versions of DINK:
1. DINK32 provides the capability to download and debug application programs,
2. MDINK32 provides the capability to download and upgrade firmware.
3. VDINK provides simulation of PowerPC processors in a UNIX enviornment.
MOTOROLA
Appendix C. Building and Extending DINK
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C-1
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DINK Software Build Process
4. EDINK provides simulator of the e500 core processor using an Instruction Set
Simulator, ISS, an MPC8240 simulator, and an MPC8240 board, Elysium. Edink is
described in the application note AN2236.
All the DINK32 are available in executable form. They are delivered in the following file
formats as shown in Table C-1.
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Table C-1. DINK32 File Formats
Board
S record
elf
Sandpoint 13.1
dink32.src
dink32k
standalone 13.1
dink32SA.src
n/a
MVP 13.1
mvpdink32.src
mvpdink32
excimer 12.3
dink32.src
n/a
vDINK
vdink32 (Sun OS)
vdink32 (Linux)
eDINK for ISS
edinkCor.src
n/a
eDINK for 8240 ISS
edinkIss.src
n/a
eDINK for Elysium
edinkEly.src
n/a
The source files can be used to build DINK32, VDINK32, or EDINK or MDINK32. The
source files are *.c, *.s, and *.h.
Other files are makefile and README.
Motorola uses the Metaware tool set to build MDINK32 and DINK32 in a UNIX
environment. The syntax of the makefile, therefore, complies with the make program
available on UNIX machines. The command to build DINK32 on a UNIX command line is
“make dink”, and the command to build MDINK32 is “make mdink“.
MDINK32 is a subset of DINK32. Both versions share many source files. Of all the files
that contribute to the making of MDINK32, the files that MDINK32 does not share with
DINK32 is mpar_tb.c and mhelp.c. DINK32's version of mpar_tb.c is par_tb.c and mhelp.c
is help.c. MDINK is only available on an excimer board; source is no longer supported.
Both can also be build on UNIX with the GNU gcc tool set using makefile_gcc, and on a
PC/NT with the Metaware tool set using makefile_pc.
When the “make dink” command is executed, and the output files produced by “make” are
put in “obj”. (see Figure C-1).
C-2
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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Installation
.../DINK32
(makefile and readme)
obj
src
Figure C-1. DINK32/MDINK32 Directory Organization
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The directory structure, as shown in Figure C-1, consists of a root directory, which contains
the makefile and readme files and src and obj subdirectories. Instructions for building
DINK32 are included in the full release.
C.4
Installation
DINK32 is intended to replace any existing boot code. It is not downloaded and executed
but must typically be installed into a flash device.
C.4.1
Sandpoint
Using a ROM burner or in line ROM emulator load the dink32.src srecord file or the dink32
executable.
See Section 3.25, “FUPDATE.”
C.4.1.1
Excimer and Maximer
Using the mdink32 facility running on an Excimer and Maximer board, download the new
dink32 with the command dl -fl -o ffc00000, then using your terminals ascii download
facility, download the dink32 sfile. See Section 3.26, “FW” and Section 3.18, “Download.”
The steps for downloading a new DINK32 into excimer or maximer:
1. Connect the board to the computer by using a null-serial cable to connect port1 from
excimer or maximer board to com1 on the host computer PC.
2. Start Hyperterminal on a Windows NT PC see Section 2.1.2.1, “Hyperterm on NT”
or a terminal emulator on a Mac see Section 2.1.2.2, “Zterm on Mac.”
3. Reset the excimer or maximer board and stop MDINK32 by hitting any key on the
keyboard during MDINK32 startup. Perform the command, fw -e, which will erase
all of flash memory and recopy MDINK32 to flash. Normally, the MDINK32 flash
sector is protected and the copy will be a no operation.
4. When mdink prompt returns, reset board.
5. Reset the baud rate by doing the following:
— sb -k 57600
MOTOROLA
Appendix C. Building and Extending DINK
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C-3
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Extending DINK
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
— Press enter
— Select Disconnect icon
— Select Properties icon
— Press Configure button
— Change bits per second (baud rate) to 57600
— Press Okay button
— Select connect button
— Press enter
6. Type fl -dsi (Only required on mdink32 V10.6)
7. Type dl -fl -o ffc00000
8. Select pull down menu “transfer” use option “send text file” and select the
dink32.src file from the list of files. (DO NOT use the option “send file”.)
MDINK32 is not supplied as elf or sfiles on this site. However, all the code (some code is
purposefully removed and the object files are substituted) is available to build mdink32.
Loading MDINK32 requires unprotecting sector 15 on the Excimer and Maximer and using
some type of emulator to download the code.
Selected DINK32 code is available at this site. Some files are not released in source form,
and starting with this release R12.3, no objects are supplied so that DINK32 can NOT be
built.
All the source, including the removed code, is available from the Motorola confidential site
and can be obtained from your Motorola Salesperson.
C.5
Extending DINK
DINK uses a shell processor to collect various command arguments and pass them to the
command function, in addition to managing help. To extend DINK functions by adding new
commands, the following procedure is used:
1. The command is written in ‘C’ and linked into the DINK executable. The function
is passed command arguments and may invoke an argument processor. When the
command has completed its task, it returns a status code (SUCCESS or an error code
from “errors.h”).
2. A descriptive line is added to the function “shell.c”.
C.5.1
Writing Commands
To write a new command, it is easiest to use the following template:
C-4
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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Extending DINK
STATUS my_cmd( DINKCMD *cmd, char *args )
{
static char *mycmd_help[] = {
"Syntax: mycmd [-a][-n fno] dno",
0
};
int
b_arg;
char
b, *str;
ULONG
x, no;
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
b_arg = 0;
while ((b = arg_getopts( &args, "bn#s:x#", &str, &no )) != 0) {
switch (b) {
case ’?’:
return( more_help( cmd, mycmd_help ) );
case ’b’:
b_arg++;
break;
case ’n’:
funcNo = no;
break;
}
}
(user commands here)
return( SUCCESS );
}
Each command is passed information via the DINKCMD structure, which is documented
below, and the command line arguments. If command arguments are needed, then the
DINK function arg_getopts(args, template, str_ptr, long_ptr ) is used to extract them as
follows:
args
Suppled to the command, passed as-is
template
A string containing which arguments to collect, and
what format is expected. See below.
str_ptr
A pointer to a ‘char *’. If character strings are collected,
the data is stored there.
long_ptr
A pointer to a long. If numeric values are collected, the
value is stored there. If more than one argument is
collected, the value must be transferred elsewhere.
On exit, the “args” character pointer points to the rest of the command line, which is often
used by commands for filename collection, etc.
The format of ‘template’ is:
[a-zA-Z]
MOTOROLA
A letter alone is detected as ‘-a’, ‘-b’ etc. or in series
such as ‘-abc’.
Appendix C. Building and Extending DINK
For More Information On This Product,
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C-5
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Extending DINK
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[a-zA-Z]’:’
A letter followed by ‘:’ is a string argument, and is
stored in the accompanying ‘str_ptr’. The argument is
re-used for multiple string arguments, to typically the
enclosing switch statement copies or processes the
string argument.
[a-zA-Z]’$’
A letter followed by ‘$’ is a hexadecimal numeric
argument, and is convered from hex and stored in the
accompanying ‘long_ptr’. As with ’:’, the argument is
re-used on subsequent arguments.
[a-zA-Z]’#’
A letter followed by ‘#’ is a decimal numeric argument,
and is convered from decimal and stored in the
accompanying ‘long_ptr’. As with ’:’, the argument is
re-used on subsequent arguments.
If the argument ‘?’ is detected, the function more_help() is called to show the statically
defined text array, in this case mycmd_help(). Embedding the help text in the function
allows the shell() command processor to be
C.5.2
Linking Commands
Once the command has been written, it must be added to the shell processor so DINK can
invoke it upon user command. To the file “shell.c” add the following:
1. The line “extern STATUS my_cmd();” at the top of the file.
2. A line such as:
{ “MYcmd”, “My new command”,
C_ALL,
my_cmd },
3. in the command table “DINKCMD sh_dink_cmds[]”.
Note that commands MUST be entered in alphabetical order. The upper-case letters in the
command indicate the minimum number of characters which must be matched. Thus,
“MYcmd” can be invoked with “mycmd” or “my”, but not “m”.
C-6
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Appendix D
User-Callable DINK Functions
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D.1
General Information
Many library functions such as printf() and memSpeed() are available via the DINK32
debugger. In the past, it has been necessary to ascertain the address of these functions,
which change with each compile, from the cross reference listing, and statically set these
addresses in the programs that used these features. The demo and dhrystone directories
included with the DINK32 distribution contained examples of how to set these static
function addresses. With the release of DINK32 V11.1 and V12.0, these addresses are now
dynamically ascertained and the user only need call a few functions and set up some
#defines. This technique is described in this appendix. Users with access to the entire
DINK32 source base can modify or add DINK32 functions. DINK32 global variables can
also be ascertained from this table. R12.1 includes the two global variables, memSpeed,
and process_type.
D.2
Methodology and Implementation
This method is implemented with a static structure that is filled with the current functions
address during link time. The table is allocated in the file par_tb.c. Only users with access
to this file can change the contents of the table, thereby, determining which DINK32
functions are available. par_tb.c is only available via the motorola sales office, it is not
included on the web site. However, all users can use the technique for linking their code
with the these DINK32 functions.
The structure is defined in dink.h as dink_exports
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------// Transfer vector -- table of pointers to useful functions within DINK,
//
callable through R21.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------typedef struct {
int version;
unsigned long *keyboard;
int (*printf)(const char*,...);
int (*dink_loop)();
unsigned int (*is_char_in_duart)();
MOTOROLA
/* 0 */
/* 4 */
/* 8 */
// 12
// 16
Appendix D. User-Callable DINK Functions
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D-1
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Methodology and Implementation
unsigned int (*menu)();
unsigned int (*par_about)();
unsigned int (*disassemble)(/*long, long*/);
unsigned char (*get_char)(unsigned long);
void (*write_char)(unsigned char);
unsigned long *memSpeed;
char *process_type;
void (*smp_release_cpu)(unsigned long);
int (*read_pid)();
ULONG (*pvr_read)();
ULONG
*memSize;
ULONG
*memCL;
MACINFO *MAC_info;
UCHAR
*args;
int (*board_ctl)();
CPUINFO **ci;
MCAPS
**mi;
} dink_exports;
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
20 */
24 */
28 */
32 */
36 */
40 */
44 */
48 */
52 */
56 */
60
64
Offset
Offset
Offset
Offset
Offset
68
72
76
80
84
and populated in par_tb.c as dink_transfer_table.
dink_exports dink_transfer_table = {
4,
0,
(int (*)(const char*,...)) dink_printf,
dink_loop,
is_char_in_duart,
shell_help,
par_about,
disassemble,
dink_getchar,
dink_putchar,
&memSpeed,
&process_type,
smp_release_cpu,
read_pid,
pvr_read,
&memSize,
&memCL,
&MAC_nos,
NULL,
board_ctl,
&cpu_info,
&mach_info
};
These are all of the functions and variables that are supported in V13.1. Additional or
replacement DINK32 functions and global variables can be added to the table.
This table is allocated and linked into the DINK32 binaries. The user typically downloads
his/her program into the starting location of free memory, at this release, address 0x90000.
Unfortunately, the user program has no way of determining where the dink_transfer_table
is located. Therefore when DINK32 transfers control to the user program, it sets the address
D-2
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Setting Up Static Locations
of the dink_transfer_table in general purpose register 21 in go_tr2.s. This register appears
to be immune from being used by the compiler prior to the invocation of the user programs
start address, usually, main(). Therefore the user must call the supplied function,
set_up_transfer_base, or equivalent, which is described below in G.4. After this call the
address of the dink_transfer_table is available to the user program.
D.3
Setting Up Static Locations
Table D-1 shows some of the functions that are currently supported.
Table D-1. DINK32 Dynamic Names
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DINK32 Name
Version of table
&KEYBOARD
Common Name
4
value of port for Keyboard support
dink_printf
printf
dink_loop
DINK32 idle function
is_char_in_duart
return 1 if character has been sent
shell.help
entry point for DINK32 menu function
par_about
entry point for DINK32 about function
disassemble
entry point for DINK32 disassemble function
dink_get_char
get_char - get next character from com port
dink_put_char
put_char - send character to com port
memSpeed
address of global variable memSpeed
process_type
smp_release_cpu
address of global variable process_type
cpu
read_pid
read process ID
pvr_read
read PVR
memSize
memory size
memCL
MVP_MACs
NULL
memory burst rate
external MAC address for MPV
--
board_ctl
various board functions
cpu_info
CPU information
mach_info
Board information
To change or add any new DINK32 functions or variables, one must change the
dink_transfer_table.
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Appendix D. User-Callable DINK Functions
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D-3
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Using the Dynamic Functions
To use any of these functions in user code, define the user code function name to be the dink
function name. For example, to link the user code printf to the DINK32 printf function,
#define printf dink_printf, to link the user code put_char to DINK32 write_char, #define
put_char writechar. See the directories demo and dhrystone for examples of setting up these
#define statements. See the directory memspeed for an example of how to use dynamic
global variables.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
D.4
Using the Dynamic Functions
Using these functions is implemented via the assembly language file, dinkusr.s, and the
include file dinkusr.h. The user #includes dinkusr.h and links in dinkusr.s during
compilation/link time. All of the functions in this table except set_up_transfer_base,
transfer control to the DINK32 function while leaving the link register, lr, unchanged. This
effectively transfers control to the DINK32 function and the DINK32 function on
completion returns directly to the caller in the user’s code. The functions supplied in
dinkusr.s are shown in Table D-2.
Table D-2. dinkusr.s Functions
Function Name
Function Definition
set_up_transfer_base
Capture the dink_transfer_table address from r21 and store it into a local
memory cell for future use. You must call this function before using any
of the functions below, and it should be called immediately after entry,
such as the first statement in main().
dink_printf
DINK32 entry into printf.
dink_loop
DINK32 idle loop
is_char_in_duart
shell_help
DINK32 display menu function.
par_about
DINK32 display about function.
disassemble
DINK32 disassemble instruction
get_KEYBOARD
Return address of keyboard com port
dink_get_char
DINK32 get next character from the duart buffer, essentially the
keyboard for the user. This function requires the KEYBOARD value,
obtained from get_KEYBOARD, as an argument. See G.6 example
program _getcannon for an example of the correct way to obtain this
value.
dink_put_char
DINK32 put character to the output buffer.
get_memSpeed
returns the integer value of memSpeed
example:
int val;
val=get_memSpeed();
get_process_type
D-4
DINK32 function to detect if duart has a new character.
returns the character value of process_type
example:
char type;
type=get_process_type();
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Error Conditions
Table D-2. dinkusr.s Functions (continued)
Function Name
smp_release_cpu
holds jump address for this cpu
read_pid
read the PID of this CPU
memSize
returns the size of memory
memCL
NULL
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Function Definition
memory burst rates
unused
board_ctl
Various control featers of the board
cpu_info
CPU information like the name, cache sizes, altivect.
mach_info
Board information like the BoardID, ports, io drivers.
The simple steps for using these dynamic addresses are:
1. Use DINK32 V11.1 or later.
2. Use #define for local functions that you wish to connect to the DINK32 functions
example: #define printf dink_printf
3. The first executable statement in your C code must be: set_up_transfer_base();
4. Now whenever your program calls one of these functions, such as printf, it will
transfer control to the equivalent DINK32 function.
5. Or, whenver your program needs the value of a DINK32 global value defined in the
table, call the associated get function in dinkusr.s.
D.5
Error Conditions
The only error condition is a trapword exception, which indicates that the
dink_transfer_table address is zero. This is caused by one of the following conditions:
1. The user has not called set_up_transfer_base()
2. R21 is getting trashed before set_up_transfer_base() is called.
3. The DINK32 version does not support dynamic functions. DINK32 V11.0.2 was
the last version that DID NOT support this feature. Ensure that you are using
DINK32 V12.0 or greater.
D.6
Alternative Method for Metaware Only
While printf is fairly straightforward, scanf is more complex. In the drystone directory, a
local copy of scanf is supplied in the file, support.c. Scanf and printf can also be emulated
in a simpler program when using the metaware compiler. Two metaware functions are
supplied to the user to give control to characters that are scanned into and out of the
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Alternative Method for Metaware Only
program buffers. Refer to the metaware documentation for more information than is given
here.
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When the user compiles and links with the -Hsds flag, two functions, int _putcanon(int a),
and int _getcanon() are called whenever the user gets or receives a character. Thus, the user
can write the simple functions shown below, and scanf and printf will use the DINK32
functions for printf and scanf. In this case, it is not necessary to use #define to change the
name of the printf or scanf functions or write your own printf or scanf function. It is still
necessary to call set_up_transfer_base() as the first statement in your program.
/*******************************************************************
* Functions to capture characters from printf and scanf using
* the -Hsds hooks in the metaware compiler
* mlo 7/22/99
*******************************************************************/
#include "dinkusr.h"
int _putcanon(int a)
{
/* grab the character sent by printf in -Hsds and
* use it in dink putchar
*/
char c;
c=a;
write_char(c);
return 1;
}
int _getcanon()
{
/* extract the character received by scanf in -Hsds and use
* it in dink putchar
*/
unsigned long key;
key = get_KEYBOARD();
return (get_char(key ));
}
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Appendix E
MPC8240 Drivers
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There are four drivers for the MPC8240 integrated peripheral devices.
•
•
•
•
DMA—memory controller
I2C—serial controller
I2O—doorbell controller
EPIC—interrupt controller
Sample code for each of these drivers are in the directory, drivers, under dink32. Under the
drivers directory are six directories, one for each controller. The following sections describe
the driver and the sample code. Each driver is discussed in one of the following four
appendices.
•
•
•
•
Section E.1, “MPC8240 DMA Memory Controller”
Section E.2, “MPC8240 I2C Driver Library”
Section E.3, “MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver”
Section E.4, “MPC8240 EPIC Interrupt Driver”
E.1
MPC8240 DMA Memory Controller
This section provides information about the generic Application Program Interface (API)
to the DMA Driver Library as well as information about the implementation of the
Kahlua-specific DMA Driver Library Internals (DLI).
E.1.1
Background
The intended audience for this document is assumed to be familiar with the DMA protocol.
It is a companion document to the Kahlua specification and other documentation which
collectively give details of the DMA protocol and the Kahlua implementation. This
document provides information about the software written to access the Kahlua DMA
interface. This software is intended to assist in the development of higher level applications
software that uses the DMA interface.
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MPC8240 DMA Memory Controller
NOTE
The DMA driver software is currently under development. The
only mode that is functional is a direct transfer (chaining is not
yet implemented). Only transfers to and from local memory has
been tested. Controlling a remote agent processor is not yet
implemented. Of the various DMA transfer control options
implemented in Kahlua, the only ones currently available in
this release of the DMA library are source address, destination
address, length, channel, interrupt steering and snoop enable.
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E.1.2
Overview
This document consists of these parts:
•
•
•
•
E-2
An Application Program Interface (API) which provides a very simple, "generic",
application level programmatic interface to the DMA driver library that hides all
details of the Kahlua-specific implementation of the interface (i.e., control register,
status register, embedded utilities memory block, etc.). Features provided by the
Kahlua implementation that may or may not be common with other implementations
(i.e., not "generic" DMA operations) are made available to the application; however,
the interface is controlled by passing parameters defined in the API rather than the
application having to have any knowledge of the Kahlua implementation (i.e.,
registers, embedded utilities memory block, etc.) The API will be expanded to
include chaining mode and additional DMA transfer control features in future
releases.
DMA API functions showing the following:
— how the function is called (i.e., function prototype) parameter definition possible
return values brief description of what the function does
— an explanation of how the functions are used by an application program
(DINK32 usage employed as examples)
A DMA Driver Library Internals (DLI) which provides information about the lower
level software that is accessing the Kahlua-specific implementation of the DMA
interface.
DMA DLI functions showing the following:
— how the function is called (i.e., function prototype)
— parameter definition possible
— return values
— brief description of what the function does
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MPC8240 DMA Memory Controller
E.1.3
DMA Application Program Interface (API)
API functions description
The DMA API function prototypes, defined return values, and enumerated input parameter
values are declared in drivers/dma/dma_export.h.
The functions are defined in the source file drivers/dma/dma1.c.
DMA_Status DMA_Initialize(int(*app_print_function)(char*,...));
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•
•
app_print_function is the address of the optional application's print function,
otherwise NULL if not available
Return: DMA_Status return value is either DMA_SUCCESS or DMA_ERROR.
Description:
Configure the DMA driver prior to use, as follows:
The optional print function, if supplied by the application, must be similar to the C standard
library printf library function: accepts a format string and a variable number (zero or more)
of additional arguments. This optional function may be used by the library functions to
report error and status condition information. If no print function is supplied by the
application, the application must provide a NULL value for this parameter, in which case
the library will not attempt to access a print function.
NOTE
Each DMA transfer will be configured individually by the
function call that initiates the transfer. If it is desirable to
establish a default configuration, these could be added as
parameters. Alternately, the first (or most recent) transfer
configuration values could also be used to establish defaults.
This function call triggers the DMA library to read the eumbbar
so that it is available to the driver, so it is a requirement that the
application first call DMA_Initialize before starting any DMA
transfers. This could be eliminated if the other functions read
the eumbbar if it has not already been done.
DMA_Status DMA_direct_transfer( DMA_INTERRUPT_STEER int_steer,
DMA_TRANSFER_TYPE type,
unsigned int source,
unsigned int dest,
unsigned int len,
DMA_CHANNEL channel,
DMA_SNOOP_MODE snoop);
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MPC8240 DMA Memory Controller
•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
int_steer controls interrupt steering, use defined constants as follows:
DMA_INT_STEER_LOCAL to steer to local processor
DMA_INT_STEER_PCI to steer to PCI bus through INTA_
type is the type of transfer, use defined constants as follows:
DMA_M2M local memory to local memory (note, this is currently the only one
tested)
DMA_M2P local memory to PCI
DMA_P2M PCI to local memory
DMA_P2P PCI to PCI
source is the source address of the data to transfer
dest is the destination address, the target of the transfer
len is the length in bytes of the data
channel is the DMA channel to use for the transfer, use defined constants as follows:
DMA_CHN_0 Kahlua has two channels, zero and one
DMA_CHN_1
snoop controls processor snooping of the DMA channel buffer, use defined
constants a follows:
DMA_SNOOP_DISABLE
DMA_SNOOP_ENABLE
Return: DMA_Status return value is either DMA_SUCCESS or DMA_ERROR.
Description:
Initiate the DMA transfer.
This function does not implement any validation of the transfer. It does check the status of
the DMA channel to determine if it is OK to initiate a transfer, but the application must
handle verification and error conditions via the interrupt mechanisms.
E.1.4
API Example Usage
The ROM monitor program DINK32 currently uses the DMA API to initiate a direct data
transfer in local memory only. The DINK32 program runs interactively to allow the user to
transfer a block of data in local memory. DINK32 obtains information from the user as
follows: interrupt steering, transfer type, source address of the data, destination (target)
address, length of the data to transfer, DMA channel, and snoop control.
Note that the initialization call to configure the DMA interface is made once: the first time
the user requests a DMA transfer operation. Each transmit or receive operation is initiated
by a single call to a DMA API function. The DINK32 program is an interactive application,
so it gives the DMA library access to its own print output function. DINK32 does not
currently implement any handling of interrupts for error handling or completion of transfer
verification.
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MPC8240 DMA Memory Controller
These are the steps DINK32 takes to perform a DMA transfer:
1. Call DMA_Initialize (if first transfer) to identify the optional print function.
2. Call DMA_direct_transfer to transmit the buffer of data.
The following code samples have been excerpted from the DINK32 application to illustrate
the use of the DMA API:
#define PRINT dink_printf
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
int dink_printf( unsigned char *fmt, ... )
{
/* body of application print output function, */
}
/* In the function par_devtest, for testing the DMA device interface */
{
/* initialize the DMA handler, if needed */
if ( DMAInited == 0 )
{
DMA_Status status;
if ((status = DMA_Initialize( PRINT ) ) != DMA_SUCCESS )
{
PRINT( "devtest DMA: error in initiation\n" );
return ERROR;
} else {
DMAInited = 1;
}
}
return test_dma( en_int ); /* en_int is the steering control option */
}
/*******************************************************
* function: test_dma
*
* description: run dma test
*
* note:
* test local dma channel
******************************************************/
static STATUS test_dma( int en_int )
{
int len = 0, chn = 0;
long src = 0, dest = 0;
int mode = 0;
DMA_SNOOP_MODE snoop = DMA_SNOOP_DISABLE;
DMA_CHANNEL channel;
DMA_INTERRUPT_STEER steer;
/* The default for is en_int = 0 for DMA, this steers the DMA interrupt to the
local processor. If the DINK user puts a ’+’ on the command line, en_int = 1 and
the steering for the DMA interrupt is to the PCI bus through INTA_. */
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MPC8240 DMA Memory Controller
steer = ( en_int == 0 ? DMA_INT_STEER_LOCAL : DMA_INT_STEER_PCI );
/* read source and destination addresses, length, type, snoop and channel */
...
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/* validate and translate to API defined parameter values */
...
/* call the DMA library to initiate the transfer */
if ( DMA_direct_transfer ( steer, type, (unsigned int)src,
(unsigned int)dest, (unsigned int)len, channel, snoop) != DMA_SUCCESS )
{
PRINT( "dev DMA: error in DMA transfer test\n" );
return ERROR;
}
return SUCCESS;
}
E.1.5
DMA Driver Library Internals (DLI)
This information is provided to assist in further development of the DMA library.
All of these functions are defined as static in the source file drivers/dma/dma1.c.
E.1.5.1
Common Data Structures and Values
The following data structures, tables and status values are defined (see drivers/dma/dma.h
unless otherwise noted) for the Kahlua DMA driver library functions.
These are the register offsets in a table of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
addresses for the DMA registers.
#define NUM_DMA_REG 7
#define DMA_MR_REG 0
#define DMA_SR_REG 1
#define DMA_CDAR_REG 2
#define DMA_SAR_REG 3
#define DMA_DAR_REG 4
#define DMA_BCR_REG 5
#define DMA_NDAR_REG 6
The table that contains the addresses of the local and remote registers for both DMA
channels (defined in drivers/dma/dma1.c):
unsigned int dma_reg_tb[][14] = {
/* local DMA registers */
{
/* DMA_0_MR */ 0x00001100,
/* DMA_0_SR */ 0x00001104,
/* DMA_0_CDAR */ 0x00001108,
/* DMA_0_SAR */ 0x00001110,
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MPC8240 DMA Memory Controller
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
},
/*
{
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
},
};
DMA_0_DAR */ 0x00001118,
DMA_0_BCR */ 0x00001120,
DMA_0_NDAR */ 0x00001124,
DMA_1_MR */ 0x00001200,
DMA_1_SR */ 0x00001204,
DMA_1_CDAR */ 0x00001208,
DMA_1_SAR */ 0x00001210,
DMA_1_DAR */ 0x00001218,
DMA_1_BCR */ 0x00001220,
DMA_1_NDAR */ 0x00001224,
remote DMA registers */
DMA_0_MR */ 0x00000100,
DMA_0_SR */ 0x00000104,
DMA_0_CDAR */ 0x00000108,
DMA_0_SAR */ 0x00000110,
DMA_0_DAR */ 0x00000118,
DMA_0_BCR */ 0x00000120,
DMA_0_NDAR */ 0x00000124,
DMA_1_MR */ 0x00000200,
DMA_1_SR */ 0x00000204,
DMA_1_CDAR */ 0x00000208,
DMA_1_SAR */ 0x00000210,
DMA_1_DAR */ 0x00000218,
DMA_1_BCR */ 0x00000220,
DMA_1_NDAR */ 0x00000224,
These values are the function status return values:
typedef enum _dmastatus
{
DMASUCCESS = 0x1000,
DMALMERROR,
DMAPERROR,
DMACHNBUSY,
DMAEOSINT,
DMAEOCAINT,
DMAINVALID,
DMANOEVENT,
} DMAStatus;
These structures reflect the bit assignments of the DMA registers.
typedef enum dma_mr_bit
{
IRQS = 0x00080000,
PDE = 0x00040000,
DAHTS = 0x00030000,
SAHTS = 0x0000c000,
DAHE = 0x00002000,
SAHE = 0x00001000,
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PRC = 0x00000c00,
EIE = 0x00000080,
EOTIE = 0x00000040,
DL = 0x00000008,
CTM = 0x00000004,
CC = 0x00000002,
CS = 0x00000001,
} DMA_MR_BIT;
typedef enum dma_sr_bit
{
LME = 0x00000080,
PE = 0x00000010,
CB = 0x00000004,
EOSI = 0x00000002,
EOCAI = 0x00000001,
} DMA_SR_BIT;
/* structure for DMA Mode Register */
typedef struct _dma_mr
{
unsigned int reserved0 : 12;
unsigned int irqs : 1;
unsigned int pde : 1;
unsigned int dahts : 2;
unsigned int sahts : 2;
unsigned int dahe : 1;
unsigned int sahe : 1;
unsigned int prc : 2;
unsigned int reserved1 : 1;
unsigned int eie : 1;
unsigned int eotie : 1;
unsigned int reserved2 : 3;
unsigned int dl : 1;
unsigned int ctm : 1;
/* if chaining mode is enabled, any time, user can modify the
* descriptor and does not need to halt the current DMA transaction.
* Set CC bit, enable DMA to process the modified descriptors
* Hardware will clear this bit each time, DMA starts.
*/
unsigned int cc : 1;
/* cs bit has dua role, halt the current DMA transaction and
* (re)start DMA transaction. In chaining mode, if the descriptor
* needs modification, cs bit shall be used not the cc bit.
* Hardware will not set/clear this bit each time DMA transaction
* stops or starts. Software shall do it.
*
* cs bit shall not be used to halt chaining DMA transaction for
* modifying the descriptor. That is the role of CC bit.
*/
unsigned int cs : 1;
} DMA_MR;
/* structure for DMA Status register */
typedef struct _dma_sr
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
{
unsigned int
unsigned int
unsigned int
unsigned int
unsigned int
unsigned int
unsigned int
unsigned int
} DMA_SR;
reserved0 : 24;
lme : 1;
reserved1 : 2;
pe : 1;
reserved2 : 1;
cb : 1;
eosi : 1;
eocai : 1;
/* structure for DMA current descriptor address register */
typedef struct _dma_cdar
{
unsigned int cda : 27;
unsigned int snen : 1;
unsigned int eosie : 1;
unsigned int ctt : 2;
unsigned int eotd : 1;
} DMA_CDAR;
/* structure for DMA byte count register */
typedef struct _dma_bcr
{
unsigned int reserved : 6;
unsigned int bcr : 26;
} DMA_BCR;
/* structure for DMA Next Descriptor Address register */
typedef struct _dma_ndar
{
unsigned int nda : 27;
unsigned int ndsnen : 1;
unsigned int ndeosie: 1;
unsigned int ndctt : 2;
unsigned int eotd : 1;
} DMA_NDAR;
/* structure for DMA current transaction info */
typedef struct _dma_curr
{
unsigned int src_addr;
unsigned int dest_addr;
unsigned int byte_cnt;
} DMA_CURR;
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E-9
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E.1.6
Function Descriptions of DMA Driver Library
Internals
The API function DMA_direct_transfer (described above) accepts predefined parameter
values to initialize a DMA transfer. These parameters are used by the DMA driver library
functions to set up the Kahlua DMA status and mode registers so that the application does
not have to interface to the Kahlua processor on such a low level. A description of the
processing performed in the DMA_direct_transfer function and descriptions of the lower
level DMA driver library functions follow.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
This is a description of the DMA_direct_transfer processing, which initiates a simple direct
transfer:
1. Read the mode register (MR) by calling DMA_Get_Mode
2. Set the values in the mode register as follows:
IRSQ is set from the int_steer parameter
if steering DMA interrupts to PCI, set EIE and EOTIE
the other mode controls are currently hard coded:
PDE cleared
DAHS = 3; however this is ignored because DAHE is cleared
SAHS = 3; however this is ignored because SAHE is cleared
PRC is cleared
DL is cleared
CTM is set (direct mode)
CC is cleared
3. Validate the length of transfer value, report error and return if too large
4. Read the current descriptor address register by calling DMA_Poke_Desp
5. Set the values in the CDAR as follows:
SNEN is set from the snoop parameter
CTT is set from the type parameter
6. Write the CDAR by calling DMA_Bld_Desp, which checks the channel status to
ensure it is free
7. Write the source and destination address registers (SAR and DAR) and the byte
count register (BCR) by calling DMA_Bld_Curr, which maps them according to
channel and host and ensure the channel is free
8. Write the mode register by calling DMA_Set_Mode
9. Begin the DMA transfer by calling DMA_Start, which ensures the channel is free
and then clears and sets the mode register channel start (CS) bit
10. The proceeding steps 6 through 9 are done in a sequence so that each call must
return a successful status prior to executing the following step. The status is
checked and error conditions are reported at this point if all did not execute
successfully.
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11. If this point is reached, the DMA transfer was initiated successfully, return success
status
These are descriptions of the DMA library functions reference above in the
DMA_direct_transfer processing steps.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
DMAStatus DMA_Get_Mode( LOCATION host,
unsigned eumbbar,
unsigned int channel,
DMA_MR *mode);
host is LOCAL or REMOTE, only LOCAL is currently tested
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is EUMBBAR for LOCAL or PCSRBAR for REMOTE
channel is DMA_CHN_0 or DMA_CHN_1
mode is a pointer to the structure (DMA_MR) to receive the mode register contents
Return value is DMASUCCESS or DMAINVALID
Description:
Read the DMA mode register.
DMAStatus DMA_Poke_Desp( LOCATION host,
unsigned eumbbar,
unsigned int channel,
DMA_CDAR *desp);
host is LOCAL or REMOTE, only LOCAL is currently tested
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is EUMBBAR for LOCAL or PCSRBAR for REMOTE
channel is DMA_CHN_0 or DMA_CHN_1
desp is a pointer to the structure (DMA_CDAR) to receive the CDAR contents
Return value is DMASUCCESS or DMAINVALID
Description:
Read the current descriptor address register (CDAR) specified by host and channel.
DMAStatus DMA_Bld_Desp( LOCATION host,
unsigned eumbbar,
unsigned int channel,
DMA_CDAR *mode);
host is LOCAL or REMOTE, only LOCAL is currently tested
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is EUMBBAR for LOCAL or PCSRBAR for REMOTE
channel is DMA_CHN_0 or DMA_CHN_1
desp is a pointer to the structure (DMA_CDAR) holding the CDAR control bits
Return value is DMASUCCESS, DMACHNBUSY or DMAINVALID
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Description:
Set the current descriptor address register (CDAR) specified by host and channel to the
given values.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
DMAStatus DMA_Bld_Curr( LOCATION host,
unsigned eumbbar,
unsigned int channel,
DMA_CURR *desp);
•
•
•
•
•
host is LOCAL or REMOTE, only LOCAL is currently tested
eumbbar is EUMBBAR for LOCAL or PCSRBAR for REMOTE
channel is DMA_CHN_0 or DMA_CHN_1
desp is a pointer to the structure (DMA_CURR) holding the source, destination and
byte count
Return value is DMASUCCESS, DMACHNBUSY or DMAINVALID
Description:
Set the source address register (SAR), destination address register (DAR) and byte count
register (BCR) specified by host and channel to the given values.
DMAStatus DMA_Start( LOCATION host,
unsigned eumbbar,
unsigned int channel);
•
•
•
•
host is LOCAL or REMOTE, only LOCAL is currently tested
eumbbar is EUMBBAR for LOCAL or PCSRBAR for REMOTE
channel is DMA_CHN_0 or DMA_CHN_1
Return value is DMASUCCESS, DMACHNBUSY or DMAINVALID
Description:
Start the DMA transfer on the specified host and channel. Ensure the channel is free, then
clear and set the CS bit in the mode register. That 0 to 1 transition triggers the DMA transfer.
E.2
MPC8240 I2C Driver Library
This section provides information about the generic Application Program Interface (API)
to the I2C Driver Library as well as information about the implementation of the
Kahlua-specific I2C Driver Library Internals (DLI).
E.2.1
Background
The intended audience for this document is assumed to be familiar with the I2C bus
protocol. It is a companion document to the Kahlua specification and other documentation
E-12
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which collectively give details of the I2C protocol and the Kahlua implementation. This
document provides information about the software written to access the Kahlua I2C
interface. This software is intended to assist in the development of higher level applications
software that uses the I2C interface.
NOTE
The I2C driver software is currently under development. The
only modes that are functional are the master-transmit and
master-receive in polling mode.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
E.2.2
Overview
This document consists of these parts:
•
•
•
An Application Program Interface (API) which provides a very simple, generic,
application level programmatic interface to the I2C driver library that hides all
details of the Kahlua-specific implementation of the I2C interface (i.e., control
register, status register, embedded utilities memory block, etc.).
I2C API functions showing the following:
— how the function is called (i.e., function prototype)
— parameter definition
— possible return values
— brief description of what the function does
— an explanation of how the functions are used by an application program
(DINK32 usage employed as examples)
An I2C Driver Library Internals (DLI) which provides information about the lower
level software that is accessing the Kahlua-specific implementation of the I2C
interface.
— I2C DLI functions showing the following:
— how the function is called (i.e., function prototype)
— parameter definition
— possible return values
— brief description of what the function does
E.2.3
I2C Application Program Interface (API)
E.2.3.1
API Functions Description
The I2C API function prototypes, defined return values, and enumerated input parameter
values are declared in drivers/i2c/i2c_export.h.
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MPC8240 I2C Driver Library
The functions are defined in the source file drivers/i2c/i2c1.c.
I2C_Status I2C_Initialize( unsigned char addr,
I2C_INTERRUPT_MODE en_int,
int (*app_print_function)(char *,...));
•
•
•
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
•
addr is the Kahlua chip's I2C slave device address
en_int controls the I2C interrupt enable status: I2C_INT_ENABLE = enable,
I2C_INT_DISABLE = disable
app_print_function is the address of the optional application's print function,
otherwise NULL if not available
Return: I2C_Status return value is either I2C_SUCCESS or I2C_ERROR.
Description:
Configure the I2C library prior to use, as follows:
The interrupt enable should be set to I2C_INT_DISABLE, the I2C library currently only
supports polling mode.
The slave address can be set to the I2C listening address of the device running the
application program, but the DLI does not yet support the application's device responding
as an I2C slave to another I2C master device.
The optional print function, if supplied by the application, must be similar to the C standard
library printf library function: accepts a format string and a variable number (zero or more)
of additional arguments. This optional function may be used by the I2C library functions to
report error and status condition information. If no print function is supplied by the
application, the call to I2C_Initialize must provide a NULL value for this parameter, in
which case the I2C library will not attempt to access a print function.
I2C_Status I2C_do_transaction( I2C_INTERRUPT_MODE en_int,
I2C_TRANSACTION_MODE act,
unsigned char i2c_addr,
unsigned char data_addr,
int len,
char *buffer,
I2C_STOP_MODE stop,
int retry,
I2C_RESTART_MODE rsta);
•
•
•
•
•
E-14
en_int controls the I2C interrupt enable status (currently use I2C_INT_DISABLE
only, polling mode)
act is the type of transaction: I2C_MASTER_RCV or I2C_MASTER_XMIT
i2c_addr is the I2C address of the slave device
data_addr is the address of the data on the slave device
len is the length in bytes of the data
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•
•
•
•
buffer is a pointer to the buffer that contains the data (xmit mode) or receives the data
(rcv mode)
stop controls sending an I2C STOP signal after completion (curently use I2C_STOP
only)
retry is the timeout retry value (currently ignored)
rsta controls I2C restart (currently use I2C_NO_RESTART only)
Return: I2C_Status return value is either I2C_SUCCESS or I2C_ERROR.
Description:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Act as the I2C master to transmit (or receive) a buffer of data to (or from) an I2C slave
device.
This function currently only implements a simple master-transmit or a master-receive
transaction. It does not yet support the application retaining I2C bus ownership between
transactions, operating in interrupt mode, or acting as an I2C slave device.
E.2.3.2
API Example Usage
The ROM monitor program DINK32 uses the I2C API in both currently implemented
modes: master-transmit and master-receive. The DINK32 program runs interactively to
allow the user to transmit or receive a buffer of data from an I2C device at address 0x50 on
the Kahlua PMC card. DINK32 obtains information from the user as follows: read/write
mode, I2C device address for the data (this is the address of the data on the I2C device, not
the I2C bus address of the device itself, which is hard-coded in DINK32), the raw data (if
in write mode), and the length of the data to transfer to or from the device. Note that the
initialization call to configure the I2C interface is actually made only once, the first time
the user requests an I2C transmit or receive operation. Each transmit or receive operation
is performed by a single call to an I2C API function. The DINK32 program is an interactive
application, so it gives the I2C library access to its own print output function.
These are the steps DINK32 takes to perform a master-transmit transaction:
1. Call I2C_Initialize (if needed) to set the Kahlua I2C address, polling mode, and
identify the optional print function.
2. Call I2C_do_transaction to transmit the buffer of data.
These are the steps DINK32 takes to perform a master-receive transaction in polling mode:
1. Call I2C_Initialize (if needed) to set the Kahlua I2C address, polling mode, and
identify the optional print function.
2. Call I2C_do_transaction to receive the buffer of data.
The following code samples have been excerpted from the DINK32 application to illustrate
the use of the I2C API:
#define PRINT dink_printf
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
int dink_printf( unsigned char *fmt, ... )
{
/* body of application print output function, see Appendix ??? */
}
/* In the function par_devtest, for testing the I2C device interface */
{
/* initialize the I2C handler to I2C address 48, if needed */
if ( I2CInited == 0 )
{
I2C_Status status;
if ((status = I2C_Initialize( 48, en_int, PRINT ) ) != I2C_SUCCESS )
{
PRINT( "devtest I2C: error in initiation\n" );
return ERROR;
} else {
I2CInited = 1;
}
}
return test_i2c( action, en_int );
}
static unsigned char rcv_buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH] = { 0 };
static unsigned char xmit_buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH] = { 0 };
/*******************************************************
* function: test_i2c
*
* description: run i2c test by polling the device
*
* note:
* Test i2c device on PMC card, 0x50 serial EPROM.
* The device test data is currently only printable characters.
*
* This function gets some data from the command line, validates it,
* and calls the I2C library function to perform the task.
******************************************************/
static STATUS test_i2c( int act, int en_int )
{
int retry = 800, len = 0, rsta = 0, addr = 0;
unsigned char eprom_addr = 0x50;
/* read transaction address */
... addr ...
/* read # of bytes to transfer */
... len ...
/* validate the data address, length, etc. */
...
/* If transmitting, get the raw data into the transmit buffer */
... xmit_buffer[] ...
/* read built-in I2C device on Kahlua PMC card */
if ( act == DISPLAY_TAG )
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{
if ( I2C_do_transaction ( en_int, I2C_MASTER_RCV, eprom_addr, addr,
len, rcv_buffer, I2C_STOP, retry, I2C_NO_RESTART ) != I2C_SUCCESS )
{
PRINT( "dev I2C: error in master receive test\n" );
return ERROR;
} else {
rcv_buffer[len] = 0; /* ensure NULL terminated string */
PRINT( "%s",rcv_buffer); /* expecting only printable data */
PRINT( "\n" );
}
}
/* write to built-in I2C device on Kahlua PMC card */
if ( act == MODIFY_TAG )
{
if ( I2C_do_transaction ( en_int, I2C_MASTER_XMIT, eprom_addr, addr,
len, xmit_buffer, I2C_STOP, retry, I2C_NO_RESTART ) != I2C_SUCCESS )
{
PRINT( "dev I2C: error in master transmit test\n" );
return ERROR;
}
}
return SUCCESS;
}
E.2.4
I2C Driver Library Internals (DLI)
This information is provided to assist in further development of the I2C library to enable
the application to operate as an I2C slave device, interrupt enabled mode, bus retention
between consecutive transactions, correct handling of device time out, no slave device
response, no acknowledgment, I2C bus arbitration loss, etc.
All of these functions are defined as static in the source file drivers/i2c/i2c1.c.
E.2.4.1
Common Data Structures and Values
These data structures and status values are defined (see drivers/i2c/i2c.h) for the Kahlua
I2C driver library functions:
These are the offsets in the Embedded Utilities Memory Block for the I2C registers.
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
I2CADR 0x00003000
I2CFDR 0x00003004
I2CCR 0x00003008
I2CSR 0x0000300C
I2CDR 0x00003010
typedef enum _i2cstatus
{
I2CSUCCESS = 0x3000,
I2CADDRESS,
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I2CERROR,
I2CBUFFFULL,
I2CBUFFEMPTY,
I2CXMITERROR,
I2CRCVERROR,
I2CBUSBUSY,
I2CALOSS,
I2CNOEVENT,
} I2CStatus;
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
These structures reflect the bit assignments of the I2C registers.
typedef struct _i2c_ctrl
{
unsigned int reserved0 : 24;
unsigned int men : 1;
unsigned int mien : 1;
unsigned int msta : 1;
unsigned int mtx : 1;
unsigned int txak : 1;
unsigned int rsta : 1;
unsigned int reserved1 : 2;
} I2C_CTRL;
typedef struct _i2c_stat
{
unsigned int rsrv0 : 24;
unsigned int mcf : 1;
unsigned int maas : 1;
unsigned int mbb : 1;
unsigned int mal : 1;
unsigned int rsrv1 : 1;
unsigned int srw : 1;
unsigned int mif : 1;
unsigned int rxak : 1;
} I2C_STAT;
Values to indicate receive or transmit mode.
typedef enum _i2c_mode
{
RCV = 0,
XMIT = 1,
} I2C_MODE;
E.2.5
Kahlua I2C Driver Library Internals Function
Descriptions
I2CStatus I2C_Init( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char fdr,
unsigned char addr,
unsigned int en_int);
•
•
E-18
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
fdr is the frequency divider value used to set the I2C clock rate
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•
•
•
addr is the Kahlua chip's I2C slave device address
en_int controls the I2C interrupt enable status: 1 = enable, 0 = disable
Return: I2CStatus return value is always I2CSUCCESS.
Description:
Set the frequency divider (I2CFDR:FDR), listening address (I2CADR:[7:1]), and interrupt
enable mode (I2CCR:MIEN).
I2C_CTRL I2C_Get_Ctrl( unsigned int eumbbar );
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Return: I2C_CTRL is the contents of the I2C control register (I2CCR)
Description:
Read the I2C control register.
void I2C_Set_Ctrl( unsigned int eumbbar, I2C_CTRL ctrl);
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
ctrl is the contents of the I2C control register (I2CCR)
Return: none
Description:
Set the I2C control register.
I2CStatus I2C_put( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char rcv_addr,
unsigned char *buffer_ptr,
unsigned int length,
unsigned int stop_flag,
unsigned int is_cnt );
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
rcv_addr is the receiver's I2C device address
buffer_ptr is pointer to the data buffer to transmit
length is the number of bytes in the buffer
stop_flag: 1 - signal STOP when buffer is empty
0 - don't signal STOP when buffer is empty
is_cnt: 1 - this is a restart, don't check MBB
0 - this is a not restart, check MBB
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Set up to send a buffer of data to the intended rcv_addr. If stop_flag is set, after the whole
buffer is sent, generate a STOP signal provided that the receiver doesn't signal the STOP in
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
the middle. Caller is the master performing transmitting. If no STOP signal is generated at
the end of current transaction, the master can generate a START signal to another slave
address.
NOTE
The function does not actually perform the data buffer transmit,
it just sets up the DLI global variables to control the transaction
and calls I2C_Start to send the slave address out on the I2C bus
in transmit mode. The application must check the return status
to find out if the bus was obtained, then enter a loop of calling
I2C_Timer_Event to poll the I2C handler to actually perform
the transaction one byte at a time, while checking the return
status to determine if there were any errors and if the
transaction has completed.
I2CStatus I2C_get( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char sender_addr,
unsigned char *buffer_ptr,
unsigned int length,
unsigned int stop_flag,
unsigned int is_cnt );
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
sender_addr is the sender's I2C device address
buffer_ptr is pointer to the data buffer to transmit
length is the number of bytes in the buffer
stop_flag: 1 - signal STOP when buffer is empty
0 - don't signal STOP when buffer is empty
is_cnt: 1 - this is a restart, don't check MBB
0 - this is a not restart, check MBB
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Set up to receive a buffer of data from the desired sender_addr. If stop_flag is set, when the
buffer is full and the sender does not signal STOP, generate a STOP signal. Caller is the
master performing receiving. If no STOP signal is generated, the master can generate a
START signal to another slave address.
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NOTE
The function does not actually perform the data buffer receive,
it just sets up the DLI global variables to control the transaction
and calls I2C_Start to send the slave address out on the I2C bus
in receive mode. The application must check the return status
to find out if the bus was obtained, then enter a loop of calling
I2C_Timer_Event to poll the I2C handler to actually perform
the transaction one byte at a time, while checking the return
status to determine if there were any errors and if the
transaction has completed.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
I2CStatus I2C_Timer_Event( unsigned int eumbbar, I2CStatus (*handler)( unsigned
int ) );
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
handler is a pointer to the function to call to handle any existing status event,
Returns: I2CNOEVENT if there is no completed event, the I2CSR MIF bit is not set
results from call to the handler function if there was a pending event completed
Description:
In polling mode, I2C_Timer_Event can be called to check the I2C status and call the given
(or the default: I2C_ISR) handler function if the I2CSR MIF bit is set.
I2CStatus I2C_Start( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char slave_addr,
I2C_MODE mode,
unsigned int is_cnt );
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
slave_addr is the I2C address of the receiver
mode: XMIT(1) - put (write)
RCV(0) - get (read)
is_cnt: 1 - this is a restart, don't check MBB
0 - this is a not restart, check MBB
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Generate a START signal in the desired mode. Caller is the master. The slave_addr is
written to bits 7:1 of the I2CDR and bit 0 of the I2CDR is set to 0 for mode = XMIT or 1
for mode = RCV. A DLI-global variable MasterRcvAddress is set if mode = RCV (used by
I2C_ISR function).
I2CStatus I2C_Stop( unsigned int eumbbar );
MOTOROLA
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E-21
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC8240 I2C Driver Library
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Generate a STOP signal to terminate the master transaction.
I2CStatus I2C_Master_Xmit( unsigned int eumbbar );
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Description:
Master sends one byte of data to slave receiver. The DLI global variables ByteToXmit,
XmitByte, and XmitBufEmptyStop are used to determine which data byte, or STOP, to
transmit. If a data byte is sent, it is written to the I2CDR. This function may only be called
when the following conditions are met: I2CSR.MIF = 1 I2CSR.MCF = 1 I2CSR.RXAK =
0 I2CCR.MSTA = 1 I2CCR.MTX = 1
I2CStatus I2C_Master_Rcv( unsigned int eumbbar );
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Master receives one byte of data from slave transmitter. The DLI global variables
ByteToRcv, RcvByte, and RcvBufFulStop are used to control the accepting of the data byte
or sending of a STOP if the buffer is full. This function may only be called when the
following conditions are met: I2CSR.MIF = 1 I2CSR.MCF = 1 I2CCR.MSTA = 1
I2CCR.MTX = 0
I2CStatus I2C_Slave_Xmit( unsigned int eumbbar );
NOTE
Untested.
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: I2CSUCCESS if data byte sent
I2CBUFFEMPTY if no data in sending buffer
Description:
Slave sends one byte of data to requesting master. The DLI global variables ByteToXmit,
XmitByte, and XmitBuf are used to determine which byte, if any, to send. This function
may only be called when the following conditions are met: I2CSR.MIF = 1 I2CSR.MCF =
1 I2CSR.RXAK = 0 I2CCR.MSTA = 0 I2CCR.MTX = 1
I2CStatus I2C_Slave_Rcv(unsigned int eumbbar );
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NOTE
Untested.
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: I2CSUCCESS if data byte received
I2CBUFFFULL if buffer is full or no more data expected
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Description:
Slave receives one byte of data from master transmitter. The DLI global variables
ByteToRcv, RcvByte, and RcvBufFulStop are used to control the accepting of the data byte
or setting the acknowledge bit (I2CCR.TXAK) if the expected number of bytes have been
received. This function may only be called when the following conditions are met:
I2CSR.MIF = 1 I2CSR.MCF = 1 I2CCR.MSTA = 0 I2CCR.MTX = 0
I2CStatus I2C_Slave_Addr( unsigned int eumbbar );
NOTE
Untested.
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: I2CADDRESS if asked to receive data
results from call to I2C_Slave_Xmit if asked to transmit data
Description:
Process slave address phase. Called from I2C_ISR. This function may only be called when
the following conditions are met: I2CSR.MIF = 1 I2CSR.MAAS = 1
I2CStatus I2C_ISR(unsigned int eumbbar );
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns:
— I2CADDRESS if address phase for master receive
— results from call to I2C_Slave_Addr if being addressed as slave ( untested )
— results from call to I2C_Master_Xmit if master transmit data mode
— results from call to I2C_Master_Rcv if master receive data mode
— results from call to I2C_Slave_Xmit if slave transmit data mode ( untested )
— results from call to I2C_Slave_Rcv if slave receive data mode ( untested )
— I2CSUCCESS if slave has not acknowledged, generated STOP ( untested )
— I2CSUCCESS if master has not acknowledged, wait for STOP ( untested )
— I2CSUCCESS if bus arbitration lost ( untested )
MOTOROLA
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E-23
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MPC8240 I2C Driver Library
Description:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Read the I2CCR and I2CSR to determine why the I2CSR.MIF bit was set which caused this
function to be called. Handle condition, see above in possible return values. This function
is called in polling mode as the handler function when an I2C event has occurred. It is
intended to be a model for an interrupt service routine for polling mode, but this is untested
and the design has not been reviewed or confirmed. This function may only be called when
the following condition is met: I2CSR.MIF = 1
NOTE
This function is tested only for the master-transmit and
master-receive in polling mode. I don’t think it is tested even in
those modes for situations when the slave does not
acknowledge or bus arbitration is lost or buffers overflow, etc.
E.2.5.1
DLI Functions Written but Not Used and Not Tested
I2CStatus I2C_write( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char *buffer_ptr,
unsigned int length,
unsigned int stop_flag );
•
•
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
buffer_ptr is pointer to the data buffer to transmit
length is the number of bytes in the buffer
stop_flag: 1 - signal STOP when buffer is empty
0 - don't signal STOP when buffer is empty
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Send a buffer of data to the requiring master. If stop_flag is set, after the whole buffer is
sent, generate a STOP signal provided that the requiring receiver doesn't signal the STOP
in the middle. Caller is the slave performing transmitting.
I2CStatus I2C_read( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char *buffer_ptr,
unsigned int length,
unsigned int stop_flag );
•
•
•
•
E-24
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
buffer_ptr is pointer to the data buffer to transmit
length is the number of bytes in the buffer
stop_flag: 1 - signal STOP when buffer is empty
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•
•
0 - don't signal STOP when buffer is empty
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Receive a buffer of data from the sending master. If stop_flag is set, when the buffer is full
and the sender does not signal STOP, generate a STOP signal. Caller is the slave performing
receiving.
E.2.6
I2C Support Functions
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
unsigned int get_eumbbar( );
•
Returns: base address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Description:
See Embedded Utilities Memory Block and Configuration Register Summary for
information about the Embedded Utilities Memory Block Base Address Register. This
function is defined in kahlua.s.
unsigned int load_runtime_reg( unsigned int eumbbar,
& nbsp; unsigned int reg);
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
reg specifies the register: I2CDR, I2CFDR, I2CADR, I2CSR, I2CCR
Returns: register content
Description:
The content of the specified register is returned. This function is defined in
drivers/i2c/i2c2.s.
unsigned int store_runtime_reg( unsigned int eumbbar,
& nbsp; unsigned int reg,
& nbsp; unsigned int val);
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
offset specifies the register: I2CDR, I2CFDR, I2CADR, I2CSR, I2CCR
val is the value to be written to the register
Return: No return value used, it should be declared void.
Description:
The value is written to the specified register. This function is defined in drivers/i2c/i2c2.s
MOTOROLA
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E-25
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
E.3
E.3.1
MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
I2O Description of Doorbell Communication
Between Agent and Host
The sequence of events that transpire during communication via the I2O doorbell registers
between host and agent applications running on Kahlua are described. This implementation
enables basic doorbell communication. It can be expanded to include other Kahlua message
unit activity via the message registers and the I2O message queue.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
E.3.1.1
System Startup and Memory Map Initialization
An understanding of the agent’s Embedded Utilities Memory Block Base Address Register
(EUMBBAR) and Peripheral Control and Status Registers Base Address Register
(PCSRBAR) is important for I2O doorbell communication because both host and agent use
the agent’s inbound and outbound doorbell registers and message unit status and control
registers. The host accesses the agent’s registers via the agent’s PCSR and the agent
accesses its own registers via its own EUMB. It is worth noting that some registers, such as
the doorbell registers, can be accessed via either the PCSR or the EUMB. Other registers,
such as the message unit’s status and interrupt mask registers, can only be accessed via one
or the other of the PCSR or EUMB, but not both. The I2O library functions require the
caller to provide the base address (which will be either the PCSR or the EUMB) and a
parameter indicating which is used. In the DINK32 environment, functions are provided to
obtain both of these base addresses: get_kahlua_pcsrbar() and get_eumbbar(). The methods
of setting and obtaining the PCSR and EUMB base addresses are application-specific, but
the register offsets and bit definitions of the registers are specified for the Kahlua chip
memory map B and will be the same for all applications. Details about the register offsets
within the EUMB and PCSR as well as bit definitions within registers are found in the
Kahlua or Kahlua User’s Manual.
When the Kahlua host and agent come up running the DINK32 application, the host
application assigns the agent’s PCI address for the PCSR and writes it in the agent’s
PCSRBAR by calling config_kahlua_agent(). The agent application initializes its own
EUMBBAR [this actually happens in the KahluaInit() function, defined in .../kahlua.s] and
inbound and outbound address translation windows. This is done during initialization in the
main() function, main.c.
/*
** Try to enable a Kahlua slave device. This is only enabled for Map B.
*/
if (address_map[0] == ’B’)
E-26
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
if (target_mode == 0)
/* probe PCI to see if we have a kahlua */
if (pciKahluaProbe( KAHLUA_ID_LO, VENDOR_ID_HI, &target_add
r)==1)
PRINT("Host ....\n");
config_kahlua_agent( );
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
}
}
else if (target_type == (( KAHLUA_ID_LO << 16 ) | VENDOR_ID_HI ))
PRINT("Agent ....\n");
/* Inbound address translation */
sysEUMBBARWrite(L_ATU_ITWR, ATU_BASE|ATU_IW_64K);
pciRegSet(PCI_REG_BASE, PCI_LMBAR_REG, PCI_MEM_ADR);
/* Outbound address translation */
sysEUMBBARWrite(L_ATU_OTWR, 0x100000|ATU_IW_64K);
sysEUMBBARWrite(L_ATU_OMBAR, 0x81000000);
}
}
E.3.1.2
Interrupt Service Routines: I2O_ISR_host() and
I2O_ISR_agent()
There is a fundamental difference in the interrupt service routine (ISR) for the host and
agent: the I2O_ISR_agent function only has to handle inbound message unit interrupts, but
the I2O_ISR_host must handle any possible interrupt from a Kahlua agent, not limited to
the agent’s outbound message unit. The ISRs implemented at present just check for
doorbell activity. If a doorbell event occurred, the ISR prints out a simple message
including the doorbell register content and the doorbell register is cleared. Otherwise, the
ISR prints a message that it was unable to determine the cause of the interrupt. The
I2O_ISR_agent function checks the Inbound Message Interrupt Status Register (IMISR) to
determine the cause of the message unit interrupt. The Message Unit interrupt can occur
because of doorbell, message register, or message queue activity. The ISR will distinguish
and handle the interrupt accordingly; but at first stage implementation, only doorbell
interrupts will be handled.
MOTOROLA
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The I2O library function I2OInMsgStatGet() is used to read the IMISR. It returns the
content of the IMISR after applying the mask value in the Inbound Message Interrupt Mask
Register (IMIMR) and clears the status register. The I2O library function I2ODBGet() is
used to read the IDBR. It returns the content and clears the register. Similarly, the
I2O_ISR_host function checks the agent’s Outbound Message Interrupt Status Register
(OMISR) to determine if the cause of the interrupt was due to the agent’s outbound
doorbell. It is important to note that the I2O_ISR_host must be expanded to check for any
kind of expected interrupt from the agent, not just message unit interrupts. The I2O library
function I2OOutMsgStatGet() is used to read the OMISR. It returns the content of the
OMISR after applying the mask value in the Outbound Message Interrupt Mask Register
(OMIMR) and clears the status register. The I2O library function I2ODBGet() is used to
read the ODBR. It returns the content and clears the register.
The two functions I2O_ISR_host() and I2O_ISR_agent() are defined in the source file
.../drivers/i2o/i2o1.c and are linked into the libdriver.a library. For testing, they are
currently manually called when requested by the user in the function test_i2o(). Eventually,
the host and agent will register an interrupt service routine (ISR) with their respective
Embedded Programmable Interrupt Controller (EPIC) systems. Details about how to
register the ISRs with EPIC are not yet specified. It may take the form of a function call to
an EPIC-provided function that accepts a pointer to the ISR function. Alternately, it may be
integrated by the linker by placing a reference to the ISR functions in some configuration
table. When the integration takes place, this document will be updated to reflect the details.
The code for the entire I2O_ISR_host function follows. Note that the only type of interrupt
that is currently handled is doorbell interrupt from the message unit, but there are comments
in the code indicating where to check for other causes of interrupts. The code can be found
in i2o1.c.
E.3.1.3
Enable Doorbell Interrupts
Since the agent is servicing the inbound doorbell, the agent enables it by calling the I2O
library function I2ODBEnable(), which clears the Inbound Doorbell Interrupt Mask
(IDIM) bit in the Inbound Doorbell Interrupt Mask Register (IMIMR). The IMIMR is at
offset 0x104 in the agent’s Embedded Utilities Memory Block (EUMB), whose address is
in the agent’s EUMBBAR. Similarly, since the host is servicing the agent’s outbound
doorbell, the host enables it by calling the I2O library function I2ODBDisable(), which
clears the Outbound Doorbell Interrupt Mask (ODIM) bit in the agent’s Outbound Message
Interrupt Mask Register (OMIMR). The OMIMR is at offset 0x34 in the agent’s PCSR
block, whose address is in the agent’s PCSRBAR at offset 0x14 in the agent’s
Configuration Registers.
The address of the agent’s Configuration Registers are known by the host and are accessible
from the PCI bus. At present, the user interface in DINK32 allows the user to set or clear
the ODIM or IDIM bit. The functions I2ODBEnable() and I2ODBDisable() are defined in
.../drivers/i2o/i2o1.c to perform this task. See the code in test_i2o() for a usage example. It
E-28
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
is interesting to note that the observed behavior of the Kahlua chip with regard to message
unit registers is not dependant on the ODIM and IDIM bit settings Even if the ODIM or
IDIM mask bits are set, writes to the affected doorbell are not blocked and the appropriate
bit is set in the message unit’s status register. It is up to software to apply the mask to the
status register to determine whether or not to take any action. The interrupt should not occur
if the mask bit is set, but this has not yet been tested.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
E.3.1.4
Writing and Reading Doorbell Registers
The functions I2ODBPost() and I2ODBGet() are defined in .../drivers/i2o/i2o1.c to write a
bit pattern to or return the contents of the agent’s inbound and outbound doorbell registers.
Note that the agent application accesses both inbound and outbound doorbell registers via
its own EUMB and the host application accesses these same doorbell registers via the
agent’s PCSR. See the code in test_i2o() for usage examples.
E.3.1.4.1
Host Rings an Agent via Agent’s Inbound Doorbell
The host application calls the I2O library function I2ODBPost() to write the bit pattern to
the agent’s Inbound Door Bell Register (IDBR). If the inbound doorbell is enabled, this
generates a Message Unit interrupt to the agent processor and the agent’s EPIC unit will
execute the I2O_ISR_agent function to determine the cause of the message unit interrupt
and handle it appropriately. If the inbound doorbell is not enabled, no interrupt is generated;
but the doorbell and the status register bit are still set. The agent application reads the IDBR
by calling the I2O library function I2ODBGet(). This clears the IDBR.
E.3.1.4.2
Agent Rings a Host via Agent’s Outbound Doorbell
The agent application calls the I2O library function I2ODBPost() to write the bit pattern to
the agent’s Outbound Door Bell Register (ODBR). If the outbound doorbell is enabled, this
causes the outbound interrupt signal INTA_ to go active which interrupts the host
processor. After the ISR is integrated into the EPIC unit, this mechanism will be
documented here. If the outbound doorbell is not enabled, no interrupt is generated; but the
doorbell and the status register bit are still set. The host application reads the ODBR by
calling the I2O library function I2ODBGet(). This clears the ODBR.
Sample application code. Here is some sample code from the DINK32 function test_i2o()
in device.c that provides examples of how the I2O library functions can be used by an
application. When this section of code is entered, the DINK32 user interface has already set
the local variables “mode” and “bit”. Mode reflects the user request. Bit is the doorbell bit
number to set. Mode = 4 to manually run the ISR’s for testing prior to integration with
EPIC.
/* different depending on if DINK = is running on host or agent */
if (target_mode
MOTOROLA
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E-29
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
{
/*
running on host */
unsigned int kahlua_pcsrbar
/* PRINT("kahlua’s pcsrbar
get_kahlua_pcsrbar();
0x%x\n",kahlua_pcsrbar); */
switch (mode)
{
case 0:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
/* read agent’s
outbound DB register and print it out */
db_reg_content
I2ODBGet(REMOTE,kahlua_pcsrbar);
PRINT("Agent’s
outbound doorbell register: 0x%x\n",db_reg_content);
break;
case = 1:
/* set
agent’s inbound doorbell register */
db_reg_content
1 << bit;
I2ODBPost(REMOTE,kahlua_pcsrbar,db_reg_content);
break;
case = 2:
/* enable
agent’s outbound DB register interrupts */
if (I2ODBEnable(REMOTE,kahlua_pcsrbar,0) ! = I2OSUCCESS)
PRINT("Cannot enable agent’s outbound doorbell interrupt.\n");
else
PRINT("Enabled agent’s outbound doorbell interrupt.\n");
break;
case = 3:
/*
disable agent’s outbound DB register interrupts */
if (I2ODBDisable(REMOTE,kahlua_pcsrbar,0) ! = I2OSUCCESS)
PRINT("Cannot disable agent’s outbound doorbell interrupt.\n");
else
PRINT("Disabled agent’s outbound doorbell interrupt.\n");
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break;
#ifdef DBG_I2O
case 4:
I2O_ISR_host();
break;
#endif
}
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
}
else
{
/* running on agent */
/*
PRINT("kahlua’s eumbbar
0x%x\n",eumbbar); */
switch (mode)
{
case 0:
/* read agent’s inbound
DB register and print it out */
db_reg_content
I2ODBGet(LOCAL,eumbbar);
PRINT("Agent’s
inbound doorbell register: 0x%x\n",db_reg_content);
break;
case = 1:
/* set
agent’s outbound doorbell register */
db_reg_content
1
<< bit;
I2ODBPost(LOCAL,eumbbar,db_reg_content);
break;
case = 2:
/* enable
if
agent’s inbound DB register interrupts */
(I2ODBEnable(LOCAL,eumbbar,3) ! I2OSUCCESS)
PRINT("Cannot enable agent’s inbound doorbell interrupt.\n");
else
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
PRINT("Enabled agent’s inbound doorbell interrupt.\n");
break;
case = 3:
/*
disable agent’s inbound DB register interrupts */
if
(I2ODBDisable(LOCAL,eumbbar,3) ! I2OSUCCESS)
PRINT("Cannot disable agent’s inbound doorbell
interrupt.\n");
else
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
PRINT("Disabled agent’s inbound doorbell interrupt.\n");
break;
#ifdef DBG_I2O
case 4:
I2O_ISR_agent();
break;
#endif
}
}
E.3.1.4.3
Descriptions of the I2O Library Functions
I2OSTATUS I2ODBEnable ( LOCATION loc,unsigned int base,unsigned int in_db )
•
•
•
•
loc = LOCAL or REMOTE: Use LOCAL if called from agent, REMOTE if called
from host. This controls the use of the base parameter as PCSR (ifREMOTE) or
EUMB (if LOCAL) and selection of outbound (if REMOTE) or inbound(if
LOCAL) mask registers.
base is the base address of PCSR or EUMB.
in_db is used for LOCAL to control enabling of doorbell and/or machine check
Returns: I2OSUCCESS
Description:
Enable the specified doorbell interrupt by clearing the appropriate mask bits.
I2OSTATUS I2ODBDisable( LOCATION loc,unsigned int base,unsigned int in_db )
•
E-32
Same as I2ODBEnable, but it disables the specified interrupts bysetting the mask
bits.
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unsigned int I2ODBGet( LOCATION loc,unsigned int base)
•
•
•
loc = LOCAL or REMOTE: Use LOCAL if called from agent, REMOTE ifcalled
from host. This controls the use of the base parameter as PCSR (ifREMOTE) or
EUMB (ifLOCAL) and selection of outbound (if REMOTE) or inbound(if LOCAL)
doorbell registers.
base is the base address of PCSR or EUMB.
Returns:Contents of agent's inbound (if loc = LOCAL) or outbound (if loc
REMOTE) doorbell register.
Description:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Returns content of specified doorbell register and clears the doorbell register.
void I2ODBPost( LOCATION loc,unsigned int base,unsigned int msg )
•
•
•
loc = LOCAL or REMOTE: Use LOCAL if called from agent, REMOTE ifcalled
from host. This controls the use of the base parameter as PCSR (ifREMOTE) or
EUMB (if LOCAL) and selection of outbound (if REMOTE) or inbound(if
LOCAL) doorbell registers.
base is the base address of PCSR or EUMB
msg is the 32 bit value written to the specified doorbell register
Description:
The 32 bit value is written to the specified doorbell register.
I2OSTATUS I2OInMsgStatGet(unsigned int eumbbarI2OIMSTAT *val)
•
•
•
eumbbar is the base address of the agent's EUMB
*val receives the agent's inbound message interrupt statusregister
Returns: I2OSUCCESS
Description:
The agent's Inbound Message Interrupt Status Register (IMISR)content is masked
by the agent's Inbound Message Interrupt Mask Register(IMIMR) and placed in the address
given in the val parameter. The IMISRregister is cleared.
I2OSTATUS I2OOutMsgStatGet(unsigned int pcsrbar,I2OOMSTAT *val)
•
•
•
pcsrbar is the base address of the agent's PCSR
*val receives the agent's outbound message interrupt statusregister
Returns: I2OSUCCESS
Description:
The agent's Outbound Message Interrupt Status Register (OMISR)content is masked by the
MOTOROLA
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
agent’s Outbound Message Interrupt Mask Register(OMIMR) and placed in the address
given in the val parameter. The OMISRregister is cleared.
E.3.2
I2C Driver Library
This section provides information about the generic Application Program Interface (API)
to the I2C Driver Library as well as information about the implementation of the
Kahlua-specific I2C Driver Library Internals (DLI).
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
E.3.2.1
Background
The intended audience for this document is assumed to be familiar with the I2C bus
protocol. It is a companion document to the Kahlua specification and other documentation
which collectively give details of the I2C protocol and the Kahlua implementation. This
document provides information about the software written to access the Kahlua I2C
interface. This software is intended to assist in the development of higher level applications
software that uses the I2C interface.
NOTE
The I2C driver software is currently under development. The
only modes that are functional are the master-transmit and
master-receive in polling mode.
E.3.2.2
Overview
This document consists of these parts:
•
•
•
•
E-34
An Application Program Interface (API) which provides a very simple, generic,
application level programmatic interface to the I2C driver library that hides all
details of the Kahlua-specific implementation of the I2C interface (i.e., control
register, status register, embedded utilities memory block, etc.).
I2C API functions showing the following:
— how the function is called (i.e., function prototype)
— parameter definition possible
— return values
— brief description of what the function does
— an explanation of how the functions are used by an application program
(DINK32 usage employed as examples)
An I2C Driver Library Internals (DLI) which provides information about the lower
level software that is accessing the Kahlua-specific implementation of the I2C
interface.
I2C DLI functions showing the following:
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
—
—
—
—
how the function is called (i.e., function prototype)
parameter definition
possible return values
brief description of what the function does
E.3.2.3
I2C Application Program Interface (API)
E.3.2.3.1
API Functions Description
The I2C API function prototypes, defined return values, and enumerated input parameter
values are declared in drivers/i2c/i2c_export.h. The functions are defined in the source file
drivers/i2c/i2c1.c.
I2C_Status I2C_Initialize( unsigned char addr, I2C_INTERRUPT_MODE en_int, int
(*app_print_function)(char *,...));
addr is the Kahlua chip’s I2C slave device address
•
•
•
en_int controls the I2C interrupt enable status: I2C_INT_ENABLE = enable,
I2C_INT_DISABLE = disable
app_print_function is the address of the optional application's print function,
otherwise NULL if not available
Return: I2C_Status return value is either I2C_SUCCESS or I2C_ERROR.
Description:
Configure the I2C library prior to use, as follows:
The interrupt enable should be set to I2C_INT_DISABLE, the I2C library currently only
supports polling mode.
The slave address can be set to the I2C listening address of the device running the
application program, but the DLI does not yet support the application's device responding
as an I2C slave to another I2C master device.
The optional print function, if supplied by the application, must be similar to the C standard
library printf library function: accepts a format string and a variable number (zero or more)
of additional arguments. This optional function may be used by the I2C library functions to
report error and status condition information. If no print function is supplied by the
application, the call to I2C_Initialize must provide a NULL value for this parameter, in
which case the I2C library will not attempt to access a print function.
I2C_Status I2C_do_transaction( I2C_INTERRUPT_MODE en_int,
I2C_TRANSACTION_MODE act,
unsigned char i2c_addr,
unsigned char data_addr,
int len,
char *buffer,
MOTOROLA
Appendix E. MPC8240 Drivers
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E-35
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
I2C_STOP_MODE stop,
int retry,
I2C_RESTART_MODE rsta);
Where:
•
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
en_int controls the I2C interrupt enable status (currently use I2C_INT_DISABLE
only, polling mode)
act is the type of transaction: I2C_MASTER_RCV or I2C_MASTER_XMIT
i2c_addr is the I2C address of the slave device
data_addr is the address of the data on the slave device
len is the length in bytes of the data
buffer is a pointer to the buffer that contains the data (xmit mode) or receives the data
(rcv mode)
stop controls sending an I2C STOP signal after completion (curently use I2C_STOP
only)
retry is the timeout retry value (currently ignored)
rsta controls I2C restart (currently use I2C_NO_RESTART only)
Return: I2C_Status return value is either I2C_SUCCESS or I2C_ERROR.
Description:
Act as the I2C master to transmit (or receive) a buffer of data to (or from) an I2C slave
device.
This function currently only implements a simple master-transmit or a master-receive
transaction. It does not yet support the application retaining I2C bus ownership between
transactions, operating in interrupt mode, or acting as an I2C slave device.
E.3.2.3.2
API Example Usage
The ROM monitor program DINK32 uses the I2C API in both currently implemented
modes: master-transmit and master-receive. The DINK32 program runs interactively to
allow the user to transmit or receive a buffer of data from an I2C device at address 0x50 on
the Kahlua PMC card. DINK32 obtains information from the user as follows: read/write
mode, I2C device address for the data (this is the address of the data on the I2C device, not
the I2C bus address of the device itself, which is hard-coded in DINK32), the raw data (if
in write mode), and the length of the data to transfer to or from the device. Note that the
initialization call to configure the I2C interface is actually made only once, the first time
the user requests an I2C transmit or receive operation. Each transmit or receive operation
is performed by a single call to an I2C API function. The DINK32 program is an interactive
application, so it gives the I2C library access to its own print output function.
E-36
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
These are the steps DINK32 takes to perform a master-transmit transaction:
1. Call I2C_Initialize (if needed) to set the Kahlua I2C address, polling mode, and
identify the optional print function.
2. Call I2C_do_transaction to transmit the buffer of data.
These are the steps DINK32 takes to perform a master-receive transaction in polling mode:
1. Call I2C_Initialize (if needed) to set the Kahlua I2C address, polling mode, and
identify the optional print function.
2. Call I2C_do_transaction to receive the buffer of data.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The following code samples have been excerpted from the DINK32 application to illustrate
the use of the I2C API from par_devtest in device.c:
#define PRINT dink_printf
int dink_printf( unsigned char *fmt, ... )
{
/* body of application print output function, */
}
/* In the function par_devtest, for testing the I2C device interface */
{
/* initialize the I2C handler to I2C address 48, if needed */
if ( I2CInited == 0 )
{
I2C_Status status;
if ((status = I2C_Initialize( 48, en_int, PRINT ) ) != I2C_SUCCESS )
{
PRINT( "devtest I2C: error in initiation\n" );
return ERROR;
} else {
I2CInited = 1;
}
}
return test_i2c( action, en_int );
}
static unsigned char rcv_buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH] = { 0 };
static unsigned char xmit_buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH] = { 0 };
/*******************************************************
* function: test_i2c
*
* description: run i2c test by polling the device
*
* note:
* Test i2c device on PMC card, 0x50 serial EPROM.
* The device test data is currently only printable characters.
*
* This function gets some data from the command line, validates it,
* and calls the I2C library function to perform the task.
******************************************************/
MOTOROLA
Appendix E. MPC8240 Drivers
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E-37
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
static STATUS test_i2c( int act, int en_int )
{
int retry = 800, len = 0, rsta = 0, addr = 0;
unsigned char eprom_addr = 0x50;
/* read transaction address */
... addr ...
/* read # of bytes to transfer */
... len ...
/* validate the data address, length, etc. */
...
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
/* If transmitting, get the raw data into the transmit buffer */
... xmit_buffer[] ...
/* read built-in I2C device on Kahlua PMC card */
if ( act == DISPLAY_TAG )
{
if ( I2C_do_transaction ( en_int, I2C_MASTER_RCV, eprom_addr, addr,
len, rcv_buffer, I2C_STOP, retry, I2C_NO_RESTART ) != I2C_SUCCESS )
{
PRINT( "dev I2C: error in master receive test\n" );
return ERROR;
} else {
rcv_buffer[len] = 0; /* ensure NULL terminated string */
PRINT( "%s",rcv_buffer); /* expecting only printable data */
PRINT( "\n" );
}
}
/* write to built-in I2C device on Kahlua PMC card */
if ( act == MODIFY_TAG )
{
if ( I2C_do_transaction ( en_int, I2C_MASTER_XMIT, eprom_addr, addr,
len, xmit_buffer, I2C_STOP, retry, I2C_NO_RESTART ) != I2C_SUCCESS )
{
PRINT( "dev I2C: error in master transmit test\n" );
return ERROR;
}
}
return SUCCESS;
}
E.3.2.4
I2C Driver Library Internals (DLI)
This information is provided to assist in further development of the I2C library to enable
the application to operate as an I2C slave device, interrupt enabled mode, bus retention
between consecutive transactions, correct handling of device time out, no slave device
response, no acknowledgment, I2C bus arbitration loss, etc.
All of these functions are defined as static in the source file drivers/i2c/i2c1.c.
E-38
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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MOTOROLA
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
E.3.2.4.1
Common Data Structures and Values
These data structures and status values are defined (see drivers/i2c/i2c.h) for the Kahlua
I2C driver library functions:
These are the offsets in the Embedded Utilities Memory Block for the I2C registers.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
I2CADR 0x00003000
I2CFDR 0x00003004
I2CCR 0x00003008
I2CSR 0x0000300C
I2CDR 0x00003010
typedef enum _i2cstatus
{
I2CSUCCESS = 0x3000,
I2CADDRESS,
I2CERROR,
I2CBUFFFULL,
I2CBUFFEMPTY,
I2CXMITERROR,
I2CRCVERROR,
I2CBUSBUSY,
I2CALOSS,
I2CNOEVENT,
} I2CStatus;
These structures reflect the bit assignments of the I2C registers.
typedef struct _i2c_ctrl
{
unsigned int reserved0 : 24;
unsigned int men : 1;
unsigned int mien : 1;
unsigned int msta : 1;
unsigned int mtx : 1;
unsigned int txak : 1;
unsigned int rsta : 1;
unsigned int reserved1 : 2;
} I2C_CTRL;
typedef struct _i2c_stat
{
unsigned int rsrv0 : 24;
unsigned int mcf : 1;
unsigned int maas : 1;
unsigned int mbb : 1;
unsigned int mal : 1;
unsigned int rsrv1 : 1;
unsigned int srw : 1;
unsigned int mif : 1;
unsigned int rxak : 1;
} I2C_STAT;
MOTOROLA
Appendix E. MPC8240 Drivers
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E-39
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
Values to indicate receive or transmit mode.
typedef enum _i2c_mode
{
RCV = 0,
XMIT = 1,
} I2C_MODE;
E.3.2.4.2
Kahlua I2C Driver Library Internals Function Descriptions
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
I2CStatus I2C_Init( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char fdr,
unsigned char addr,
unsigned int en_int);
•
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
fdr is the frequency divider value used to set the I2C clock rate
addr is the Kahlua chip's I2C slave device address
en_int controls the I2C interrupt enable status: 1 = enable, 0 = disable
Return: I2CStatus return value is always I2CSUCCESS.
Description:
Set the frequency divider (I2CFDR:FDR), listening address (I2CADR:[7:1]), and interrupt
enable mode (I2CCR:MIEN).
I2C_CTRL I2C_Get_Ctrl( unsigned int eumbbar );
: eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
•
Return: I2C_CTRL is the contents of the I2C control register (I2CCR)
Description:
Read the I2C control register.
void I2C_Set_Ctrl( unsigned int eumbbar, I2C_CTRL ctrl);
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
ctrl is the contents of the I2C control register (I2CCR)
Return: none
Description:
Set the I2C control register.
I2CStatus I2C_put( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char rcv_addr,
unsigned char *buffer_ptr,
unsigned int length,
unsigned int stop_flag,
unsigned int is_cnt );
E-40
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
rcv_addr is the receiver's I2C device address
buffer_ptr is pointer to the data buffer to transmit
length is the number of bytes in the buffer
stop_flag: 1 - signal STOP when buffer is empty
0 - don't signal STOP when buffer is empty
is_cnt: 1 - this is a restart, don't check MBB
0 - this is a not restart, check MBB
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Description:
Set up to send a buffer of data to the intended rcv_addr. If stop_flag is set, after the whole
buffer is sent, generate a STOP signal provided that the receiver doesn't signal the STOP in
the middle. Caller is the master performing transmitting. If no STOP signal is generated at
the end of current transaction, the master can generate a START signal to another slave
address.
NOTE
The function does not actually perform the data buffer transmit,
it just sets up the DLI global variables to control the transaction
and calls I2C_Start to send the slave address out on the I2C bus
in transmit mode. The application must check the return status
to find out if the bus was obtained, then enter a loop of calling
I2C_Timer_Event to poll the I2C handler to actually perform
the transaction one byte at a time, while checking the return
status to determine if there were any errors and if the
transaction has completed.
I2CStatus I2C_get( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char sender_addr,
unsigned char *buffer_ptr,
unsigned int length,
unsigned int stop_flag,
unsigned int is_cnt );
•
•
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
sender_addr is the sender's I2C device address
buffer_ptr is pointer to the data buffer to transmit
length is the number of bytes in the buffer
stop_flag: 1 - signal STOP when buffer is empty
0 - don't signal STOP when buffer is empty
is_cnt: 1 - this is a restart, don't check MBB
MOTOROLA
Appendix E. MPC8240 Drivers
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E-41
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
•
•
0 - this is a not restart, check MBB
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Set up to receive a buffer of data from the desired sender_addr. If stop_flag is set, when the
buffer is full and the sender does not signal STOP, generate a STOP signal. Caller is the
master performing receiving. If no STOP signal is generated, the master can generate a
START signal to another slave address.
NOTE
The function does not actually perform the data buffer receive,
it just sets up the DLI global variables to control the transaction
and calls I2C_Start to send the slave address out on the I2C bus
in receive mode. The application must check the return status
to find out if the bus was obtained, then enter a loop of calling
I2C_Timer_Event to poll the I2C handler to actually perform
the transaction one byte at a time, while checking the return
status to determine if there were any errors and if the
transaction has completed.
I2CStatus I2C_Timer_Event( unsigned int eumbbar, I2CStatus (*handler)( unsigned
int ) );
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
handler is a pointer to the function to call to handle any existing status event,
Returns: I2CNOEVENT if there is no completed event, the I2CSR MIF bit is not set
results from call to the handler function if there was a pending event completed
Description:
In polling mode, I2C_Timer_Event can be called to check the I2C status and call the given
(or the default: I2C_ISR) handler function if the I2CSR MIF bit is set.
I2CStatus I2C_Start( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char slave_addr,
I2C_MODE mode,
unsigned int is_cnt );
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
E-42
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
slave_addr is the I2C address of the receiver
mode: XMIT(1) - put (write)
RCV(0) - get (read)
is_cnt: 1 - this is a restart, don't check MBB
0 - this is a not restart, check MBB
Returns: Any defined status indicator
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
Description:
Generate a START signal in the desired mode. Caller is the master. The slave_addr is
written to bits 7:1 of the I2CDR and bit 0 of the I2CDR is set to 0 for mode = XMIT or 1
for mode = RCV. A DLI-global variable MasterRcvAddress is set if mode = RCV (used by
I2C_ISR function).
I2CStatus I2C_Stop( unsigned int eumbbar );
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Description:
Generate a STOP signal to terminate the master transaction.
I2CStatus I2C_Master_Xmit( unsigned int eumbbar );
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Master sends one byte of data to slave receiver. The DLI global variables ByteToXmit,
XmitByte, and XmitBufEmptyStop are used to determine which data byte, or STOP, to
transmit. If a data byte is sent, it is written to the I2CDR. This function may only be called
when the following conditions are met: I2CSR.MIF = 1 I2CSR.MCF = 1 I2CSR.RXAK =
0 I2CCR.MSTA = 1 I2CCR.MTX = 1
I2CStatus I2C_Master_Rcv( unsigned int eumbbar );
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Master receives one byte of data from slave transmitter. The DLI global variables
ByteToRcv, RcvByte, and RcvBufFulStop are used to control the accepting of the data byte
or sending of a STOP if the buffer is full. This function may only be called when the
following conditions are met: I2CSR.MIF = 1 I2CSR.MCF = 1 I2CCR.MSTA = 1
I2CCR.MTX = 0
I2CStatus I2C_Slave_Xmit( unsigned int eumbbar );
NOTE
Untested.
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: I2CSUCCESS if data byte sent I2CBUFFEMPTY if no data in sending
buffer
MOTOROLA
Appendix E. MPC8240 Drivers
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E-43
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
Description:
Slave sends one byte of data to requesting master. The DLI global variables ByteToXmit,
XmitByte, and XmitBuf are used to determine which byte, if any, to send. This function
may only be called when the following conditions are met: I2CSR.MIF = 1 I2CSR.MCF =
1 I2CSR.RXAK = 0 I2CCR.MSTA = 0 I2CCR.MTX = 1
I2CStatus I2C_Slave_Rcv(unsigned int eumbbar );
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
NOTE
Untested.
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: I2CSUCCESS if data byte received I2CBUFFFULL if buffer is full or no
more data expected
Description:
Slave receives one byte of data from master transmitter. The DLI global variables
ByteToRcv, RcvByte, and RcvBufFulStop are used to control the accepting of the data byte
or setting the acknowledge bit (I2CCR.TXAK) if the expected number of bytes have been
received. This function may only be called when the following conditions are met:
I2CSR.MIF = 1 I2CSR.MCF = 1 I2CCR.MSTA = 0 I2CCR.MTX = 0
I2CStatus I2C_Slave_Addr( unsigned int eumbbar );
NOTE
Untested.
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns: I2CADDRESS if asked to receive data
results from call to I2C_Slave_Xmit if asked to transmit data
Description:
Process slave address phase. Called from I2C_ISR. This function may only be called when
the following conditions are met: I2CSR.MIF = 1 I2CSR.MAAS = 1
I2CStatus I2C_ISR(unsigned int eumbbar );
•
•
E-44
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Returns:
— I2CADDRESS if address phase for master receive results from call to
I2C_Slave_Addr if being addressed as slave ( untested )
— results from call to I2C_Master_Xmit if master transmit data mode
— results from call to I2C_Master_Rcv if master receive data mode
— results from call to I2C_Slave_Xmit if slave transmit data mode ( untested )
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MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
—
—
—
—
results from call to I2C_Slave_Rcv if slave receive data mode ( untested )
I2CSUCCESS if slave has not acknowledged, generated STOP ( untested )
I2CSUCCESS if master has not acknowledged, wait for STOP ( untested )
I2CSUCCESS if bus arbitration lost ( untested )
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Description:
Read the I2CCR and I2CSR to determine why the I2CSR.MIF bit was set which caused this
function to be called. Handle condition, see above in possible return values. This function
is called in polling mode as the handler function when an I2C event has occurred. It is
intended to be a model for an interrupt service routine for polling mode, but this is untested
and the design has not been reviewed or confirmed. This function may only be called when
the following condition is met: I2CSR.MIF = 1
NOTE
This function is tested only for the master-transmit and
master-receive in polling mode. I don't think it is tested even in
those modes for situations when the slave does not
acknowledge or bus arbitration is lost or buffers overflow, etc.
The following DLI functions were written but not used and not tested:
I2CStatus I2C_write( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char *buffer_ptr,
unsigned int length,
unsigned int stop_flag );
•
•
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
buffer_ptr is pointer to the data buffer to transmit
length is the number of bytes in the buffer
stop_flag: 1 - signal STOP when buffer is empty
0 - don't signal STOP when buffer is empty
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Send a buffer of data to the requiring master. If stop_flag is set, after the whole buffer is
sent, generate a STOP signal provided that the requiring receiver doesn't signal the STOP
in the middle. Caller is the slave performing transmitting.
I2CStatus I2C_read( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned char *buffer_ptr,
unsigned int length,
unsigned int stop_flag );
MOTOROLA
Appendix E. MPC8240 Drivers
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E-45
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC8240 I2O Doorbell Driver
•
•
•
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
buffer_ptr is pointer to the data buffer to transmit
length is the number of bytes in the buffer
stop_flag: 1 - signal STOP when buffer is empty
0 - don't signal STOP when buffer is empty
Returns: Any defined status indicator
Description:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Receive a buffer of data from the sending master. If stop_flag is set, when the buffer is full
and the sender does not signal STOP, generate a STOP signal. Caller is the slave performing
receiving.
E.3.2.4.3
I2C Support Functions
unsigned int get_eumbbar( );
•
Returns: base address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Description:
See Embedded Utilities Memory Block and Configuration Register Summary for
information about the Embedded Utilities Memory Block Base Address Register. This
function is defined in kahlua.s.
unsigned int load_runtime_reg( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned int reg);
•
•
•
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
reg specifies the register: I2CDR, I2CFDR, I2CADR, I2CSR, I2CCR
Returns: register content
Description:
The content of the specified register is returned. This function is defined in
drivers/i2c/i2c2.s.
unsigned int store_runtime_reg( unsigned int eumbbar,
unsigned int reg,
unsigned int val);
•
•
•
•
E-46
eumbbar is the address of the Embedded Utilities Memory Block
offset specifies the register: I2CDR, I2CFDR, I2CADR, I2CSR, I2CCR
val is the value to be written to the register
Return: No return value used, it should be declared void.
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Inc. EPIC Interrupt Driver
Description:
The value is written to the specified register. This function is defined in drivers/i2c/i2c2.s
E.4
MPC8240 EPIC Interrupt Driver
This appendix describes the sample EPIC driver source code provided in this DINK32
release and its usage on the Sandpoint Reference Platform running DINK32.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
E.4.1
General Description
EPIC is the embedded programmable interrupt controller feature implemented on
Motorola’s MPC8240, MPC8245 and MPC107. It is derived from the Open Programmable
Interrupt Controller (PIC) Register Interface Specification R1.2 developed by AMD and
Cyrix. EPIC provides support for up to five external interrupts or one serial-style interrupt
line (supporting 16 interrupts), four internal logic-driven interrupts (DMA0, DMA1, I2C,
I2O), four global timers, and it supports a pass through mode. The MPC8245 also adds
DUART support. Please refer to the EPIC Chapter of the MPC8240, MPC8245 or MPC107
User’s Manuals for a more in depth description of EPIC. For simplicity, all manual
references in this appendix will be to the MPC8240 User’s Manual, however, the reader
should refer to the corresponding manual for their particular processor.
E.4.2
EPIC Specifics
Unlike other embedded features of the MPC824x and MPC107 such as DMA and I2O, the
EPIC unit is accessible from the local processor only. The control and status registers of this
unit cannot be accessed by external PCI devices. The EPIC registers are accessed as an
offset from the Embedded Utilities Memory Block (EUMB). The EPIC unit supports two
modes: Mixed and Pass-through.
The DINK32 EPIC driver sample code demonstrates EPIC in mixed mode and also error
checks for Pass-through mode in case external interrupts are enabled with no interrupt
handler setup. Both Direct and Serial mode are implemented in DINK32, but when EPIC
is initialized through DINK32 the default EPIC setup is dependant on the Sandpoint board
version. However, the default setups can be overridden using the “dev epic” command set.
The Sandpoint board version is detected by a loop back feature implemented on SuperIO
of the Sandpoint X3 (please refer to the Sandpoint X3 User’s Manual). DINK32 will
attempt to detect this loop-back feature. If the loop-back test is successful, the board version
is Sandpoint X3, if the test is unsuccessful the board version is Sandpoint X2. EPIC on a
Host PMC will default to serial mode on a Sandpoint X3 and will default to direct mode on
a Sandpoint X2. EPIC on an Agent PMC in a PCI slot will default to direct mode on either
Sandpoint board version.
MOTOROLA
Appendix E. MPC8240 Drivers
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E-47
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MPC8240 EPIC Interrupt Driver
The EPIC registers are in little-endian format. If the system is in big-endian mode, the bytes
must be appropriately swapped by software. DINK32 is written for big-endian mode and
the sample code referred to in this appendix performs the appropriate byte swapping.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
E.4.2.1
Embedded Utilities Memory Block (EUMB)
The EUMB is a block of local and PCI memory space allocated to the control and status
registers of the embedded utilities. The embedded utilities are the Messaging Unit (I2O),
DMA controller, EPIC, I2C, and ATU. The MPC8245 adds the DUART to the EUMB. The
local memory map location of the EUMB is controlled by the embedded utilities memory
block base address register (EUMBBAR). The PCI bus memory map location of the EUMB
is controlled by the peripheral control and status registers base address register
(PCSRBAR). Since EPIC is only accessible from local memory, only the EUMBBAR is of
concern for this appendix.
Please refer to the following sections in the MPC8420 User’s Manual:
Section 3.4 Embedded Utilities Memory Block
Section 4.5 Embedded Utilities Memory Block Base Address Register
Section 4.1 Configuration Register Access
E.4.2.2
EPIC Register Summary
The EPIC register map occupies a 256 Kilobyte range of the EUMB. All EPIC registers are
32 bits wide and reside on 128 bit address boundaries. The EPIC registers are divided into
four distinct areas whose address offsets are based on the EUMB location in local memory
controlled by the value in the EUMBBAR configuration register.
The EPIC address offset map areas:
•
•
•
•
0x4_1000 - 0x4_10F0: Global EPIC register map
0x4_1100 - 0x4_FFF0: Global timer register map
0x5_0000 - 0x5_FFF0: Interrupt source configuration register map
0x6_0000 - 0x6_0FF0: Processor-related register map
Please refer to Section 11.2 in the MPC8420 User's Manual for the complete EPIC register
address map table and Section 11.9 for all register definitions.
E.4.2.3
•
EPIC Modes
Pass-Through Mode
This mode provides a mechanism to support alternate interrupt controllers such as the 8259
interrupt controller architecture. Pass-through is the default mode of the EPIC unit.
•
E-48
Mixed Mode
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This mode supports two subsequent interrupt modes, either a serial interrupt mode (up to
16 serial interrupt sources) or a direct interrupt mode (up to 5 direct interrupt sources).
Refer to Sections 11.4–11.6 in the MPC8240 User's Manual for more on EPIC modes.
E.4.3
Drivers/Epic Directory Structure
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
DINK32/drivers/epic
•
•
•
•
•
•
epic.h: contains all EPIC register address macros and all function declarations
epic1.c: contains all C language routines
epic2.s: contains all Assembly language routines
epicUtil.s: contains assembly routines to load and store to registers in the EUMB
makefile: used by the DINK32 makefile to build this directory into a driver library
Readme.txt: a text version of this appendix
E.4.4
EPIC Cross-Reference Table Structure
The following table is defined in epic1.c in order to cross reference interrupt vector
numbers with the corresponding interrupt vector/priority register address and interrupt
service routine address:
/* Register Address Offset/ Vector Description /ISR Addr cross-reference table
*/
struct SrcVecTable SrcVecTable[MAXVEC] =
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{ EPIC_EX_INT0_VEC_REG, "External Direct/Serial Source 0",
EPIC_EX_INT1_VEC_REG, "External Direct/Serial Source 1",
EPIC_EX_INT2_VEC_REG, "External Direct/Serial Source 2",
EPIC_EX_INT3_VEC_REG, "External Direct/Serial Source 3",
EPIC_EX_INT4_VEC_REG, "External Direct/Serial Source 4",
EPIC_SR_INT5_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 5",
EPIC_SR_INT6_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 6",
EPIC_SR_INT7_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 7",
EPIC_SR_INT8_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 8",
EPIC_SR_INT9_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 9",
EPIC_SR_INT10_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 10",
EPIC_SR_INT11_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 11",
EPIC_SR_INT12_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 12",
EPIC_SR_INT13_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 13",
EPIC_SR_INT14_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 14",
EPIC_SR_INT15_VEC_REG, "External Serial Source 15",
EPIC_TM0_VEC_REG,
"Global Timer Source 0",
EPIC_TM1_VEC_REG,
"Global Timer Source 1",
EPIC_TM2_VEC_REG,
"Global Timer Source 2",
EPIC_TM3_VEC_REG,
"Global Timer Source 3",
EPIC_I2C_INT_VEC_REG, "Internal I2C Source",
MOTOROLA
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0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
0x0},
E-49
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC8240 EPIC Interrupt Driver
{
{
{
{
{
EPIC_DMA0_INT_VEC_REG, "Internal
EPIC_DMA1_INT_VEC_REG, "Internal
EPIC_MSG_INT_VEC_REG, "Internal
EPIC_DUART1_INT_VEC_REG, "DUART
EPIC_DUART2_INT_VEC_REG, "DUART
DMA0 Source",
DMA1 Source",
Message Source",
Ch1 Source",
Ch2 Source",
0x0},
0x0},
0x0}
0x0},
0x0}
};
Each of the 26 entries conforms to the following:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
{
"vector/priority register address offset",
"text description",
"Interrupt Service Routine address"
}.
The first column of the structure contains the macro for each of the 26 interrupt
vector/priority register address offsets in EPIC. The middle column is the text description
of the interrupt vector, and the last column is the address of the registered interrupt service
routine (ISR) for each interrupt vector. Currently the structure is initialized such that each
vector ISR address is 0x0. This can be modified such that each defaults to a "catch all ISR"
address instead of 0x0. As each interrupt vector is set up, an ISR must be registered with
EPIC via the epicISRConnect() routine in the epic1.c source file. This routine takes the ISR
function name and stores the address of that function in the ISR Address structure location
corresponding to the interrupt vector number. Although each interrupt’s vector/priority
register allows the vector number to range from 0–255, this structure limits the vector
number range from 0–25. So as each interrupt's vector/priority register is set up, the 8-bit
vector field value must match the vector number location in the structure.
E.4.5
EPIC Sample Routines
The EPIC sample routines are contained in the epic1.c and epic2.s files. All C language
routines are in epic1.c and all assembly language routines are in epic2.s. These routines,
along with the structure described in E.4.4, “EPIC Cross-Reference Table Structure, can be
used as sample code for systems using the EPIC Unit. E.4.6, “EPIC Commands in DINK32
describes how these routines are used by DINK32.
E.4.5.1
Low-Level Routines
The following routines are in the epic2.s source file:
•
•
E-50
External Interrupt Control Routines:
— CoreExtIntEnable(): enables external interrupts by setting the MSR[EE] bit
— CoreExtIntDisable(): disables external interrupts by clearing the MSR[EE] bit
Low Level Exception Handler:
— epic_exception():
Save the current (interrupted) programming model/state
Calls epicISR() to service the interrupt
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Restore the programming model/state and
RFI back to interrupted process
E.4.5.2
High Level Routines
The following routines are in the epic1.c source file:
E.4.5.2.1
EPIC Initialization Routines
epicInit(): initialize the EPIC Unit by:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
•
•
Setting the reset bit in the Global Configuration Register which will:
— Disables all interrupts
— Clears all pending and in-service interrupts
— Sets EPIC timers to base count
— Sets the value of the Processor Current Task Priority to the highest priority (0xF)
thus disabling interrupt delivery to the processor
— Reset spurious vector to 0xFF
— Default to pass-through mode
Sets the EPIC operation mode to default Mixed or Serial Mode (vs. Pass Through or
8259 compatible mode) depending on Sandpoint board version.
— If IRQType (input) is Direct IRQs:
— IRQType is written to the SIE bit of the EPIC Interrupt Configuration Register
(ICR)
— clkRatio is ignored
— If IRQType is Serial IRQs:
— both IRQType and clkRatio will be written to the ICR register
epicCurTaskPrioSet(): Change the current task priority value
epicIntISRConnect(): Register an ISR with the EPIC unit cross-reference table
E.4.5.2.2
High Level Exception Handler
epicISR(): this routine is a catch all for all EPIC related interrupts:
•
•
•
•
•
perform IACK (interrupt acknowledge) to get the vector number
check if the vector number is a spurious vector
cross-reference vector ISR (interrupt service routine) from table
call the vector ISR
perform EOI (end of interrupt) for the interrupt vector
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MPC8240 EPIC Interrupt Driver
E.4.5.2.3
Direct/Serial Register Control Routines
epicIntEnable(): enable an interrupt source
epicIntDisable(): disable and interrupt source
epicIntSourceConfig(): configure and interrupt source
E.4.5.2.4
Global Timer Register Control Routines
epicTmBaseSet(): set the base count value for a timer
epicTmBaseGet(): get the base count value for a timer
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
epicTmCountGet(): get the current counter value for a timer
epicTmInhibit(): inhibit counting for a timer
epicTmEnable(): enable counting for a timer
E.4.6
EPIC Commands in DINK32
The following commands are typed from the DINK32 command line to control the EPIC
unit.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
E-52
help dev epic - Display usage of EPIC commands
dev epic - Display content and addresses of EPIC registers, and current task priority
dev epic ex - “dev epic” command example uses
dev epic init - Initialize the EPIC unit to default mode
Sandpoint X2 default is direct mode
Sandpoint X3 default is serial mode
Agent in a Host/Agent setup defaults to direct mode
dev epic init [Mode(0|1)] [Ratio(1-7)] - Initialize the EPIC unit (this calls the
epicInit() routine)
dev epic ta [0-15]- Change the Processor Task priority register
dev epic en [Vector(0-23)] - Enable a particular interrupt vector
dev epic dis [Vector(0-23)] - Disable a particular interrupt vector
dev epic con [Vector(0-23)] - Print content of a Source Vector/Priority register
dev epic con [Vector(0-23) Polarity(0|1) Sense(0|1) Priority (0-15)]
— Program the Source Vector/Priority register
dev epic tmbase [Timer(0-3)] - Display a timer current count register
dev epic tmbase [Timer(0-3)] Count(hex value) Inhibit(0|1)
— Set, enable/disable a Timer Base Count Register
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•
•
•
•
•
•
dev epic tmcnt [Timer(0-3)] - Display a Timer Current Count Register
dev epic tmdis [Timer(0-3)] - Inhibits counting for a timer
dev epic tmen [Timer(0-3)] - Enables counting for a timer
dev epic ISRCnt [Vector(0-23) Address]
— Manually link an ISR to an interrupt vector
dev epic eie- External interrupt enable
dev epic eid- External interrupt disable
Example:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
dev epic init - Initialize EPIC unit to default Mode.
dev epic init 0 7 - Initialize EPIC unit to Serial Mode with a clock ratio of 7.
dev epic init 1 - Initialize EPIC unit to Direct Mode.
dev epic en 1 - Enable interrupt vector 1
dev epic ta 10 - Set the Processor Task priority register to 10
dev epic dis 5 - Disable interrupt vector 5
dev epic con 2- Print the configuration of Interrupt vector 2
dev epic con 7 1 0 5- Configure the source Vector/Priority
register of vector 7 to have the following properties:
Polarity = 1
Sense = 0
Priority = 5
dev epic tmbase 0 - Display Timer 0 Base Count Register
dev epic tmbase 0 7fff 0
Set Timer 0 Base Count Register to 0x7fff and enable counting to proceed
dev epic tmcnt 1 - Display Timer 1 Current Count Register
dev epic tmdis 2 - Inhibit counting on Timer 2
dev epic tmen 3 - Enable counting on Timer 3
dev epic ISRCnt 1 90000 - Set the ISR address for vector 1 to 0x90000
E.4.7
EPIC Unit Startup
When the system comes up running DINK32, the EUMBBAR is configured such that the
EUMB is located at an offset of 0xFC00_0000 from local memory. The EPIC unit is
untouched by the DINK32 initialization routines and is left in its default state of
MOTOROLA
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MPC8240 EPIC Interrupt Driver
Pass-Through mode. External interrupts are also left untouched and left in the default state
of disabled. The following list shows the necessary routine calls needed to utilize the EPIC
unit:
•
•
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
•
•
Initialize the EPIC unit
— epicInit()
For each interrupt vector to be used:
— epicSourceConfig()
— epicISRConnect()
— epicIntEnable()
Set the Processor Current Tast Priority
— epicCurTaskPrioSet()
Enable External Interrupts
— CoreExtIntEnable()
E.4.8
External Interrupt Exception Path in DINK32
The path of an external interrupt exception in DINK32 begins at the 0x500 interrupt
exception vector. All DINK32 exception vector locations are set up in the same manner
which is to save the exception type and pass the exception handling to a catch all exception
handler. This handler is called handle_ex and is located in the except2.s DINK32 source
file.
In the handle_ex handler a check is performed to see if the exception was a 0x500 and if
DINK32 is running on an MPC8240, MPC8245 or MPC107. If the two conditions are true,
the exception handling is passed to the EPIC low level interrupt handler, epic_exception()
located in the epic2.s source file. Epic_exception() handles any necessary context
switching and saving of state before calling the EPIC high level interrupt handler, epicISR()
located in the epic1.c source file.
Note: Currently, epic_exception() first checks the mode of the EPIC unit. If in pass-through
mode, an error message is printed stating that the EPIC unit is in pass-through mode and
must be initialized.
EpicISR() acknowledges the interrupt by calling the epicIACK() which returns the vector
number of the interrupting vector source. This vector number is then compared to the
spurious vector value located in the EPIC Spurious Vector Register. If the interrupting
vector is a spurious vector the interrupt is ignored and state is restored to the interrupted
process. If the interrupting vector is a valid interrupt, then the vector number is used to
reference the vector ISR from the cross-reference table. The vector ISR is then called to
service the particular interrupt. Once the ISR completes and returns, an end-of-interrupt is
issued by calling epicEOI(). Control then returns to epic_exception.
E-54
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Inc. EPIC Interrupt Driver
Epic_exception() finishes by restoring state and performs an RFI (return from interrupt)
back to the interrupted process.
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E.4.9
Example Usage on Sandpoint Reference Platform
The EPIC driver source code currently defaults to a demonstration mode on the Sandpoint
Platform. The demo code is located in the epicInit() routine and allows for an interactive
demonstration of external interrupts. On Sandpoint X2, the external interrupts can be
manually demonstrated on IRQ lines 1 and 2 using the motherboard slide switches, S5 and
S6. However, these switches are not available on Sandpoint X3. The use of Global Timers
0 and 1, DMA0, and the Message Unit if in a Host/Agent setup are available on both
Sandpoint board versions. A debug mode is also provide and is controlled by the
-DEPICDBG compiler directive in the makefile located in the EPIC source directory. The
compiler directive allows the driver code to be much more verbose and informative when
exercising the EPIC unit features in the debug state.
Although manual interrupt demonstration is not available on Sandpoint X3, the platform
does implement serial interrupt logic making it very useful in testing serial interrupts using
EPIC.
E.4.9.1
Sandpoint X2 Reference Platform
The Sandpoint X2 Reference Platform provides a means to test external interrupts via two
slide switches (S5 and S6) located on the motherboard. Although these switches can be
manipulated to demo the EPIC unit, this is not the intended function of the switches. The
intended usage of these switches is described in the document titled, "Sandpoint PPMC
Processor PCI Mezzanine Card Host Board Technical Summary".
Switch S5 manipulates a 5V signal that originates from the interrupt output line of the
Winbond southbridge chip in the center of mother board. With S5 slid to the left, a 5V
signal is passed on, with S5 slid right, a 0V signal is passed on. The EPIC IRQ0-4 interrupt
lines can be configured to be active-low or active-high triggered.
Switch S6 specifies to which IRQ line (IRQ1 or IRQ 2) the interrupt signal from S5 is
passed. With the S6 slid right, IRQ1 is selected. With S6 slid left, IRQ2 is selected.
E.4.9.2
Initializing EPIC on Sandpoint X2
Initializing EPIC requires that DINK32 be running on a Sandpoint X2 system with an
MPC8240, MPC8245 or MPC107 PMC module. From the DINK32 command line,
initialize the EPIC unit by typing the EPIC initialization, “dev epic init” command.
DINK32 will respond with initialization messages and will be ready to handle external
interrupts. The user may now also manipulate the S5 and S6 switches to trigger interrupts
on the IRQ1 and IRQ2 lines on the Sandpoint X2. The Global Timers can now be
manipulated to generated timed interrupts. The Message Unit (I2O) can be used if in a
MOTOROLA
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E-55
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MPC8240 EPIC Interrupt Driver
Host/Agent setup. DMA0 can be used in an interrupt driven manner to transfer blocks of
data.Of course while all these external interrupts are being handled, DINK32 continues to
run and will accept user input at the command line, while simultaneously writing status to
the terminal.
Host EPIC initialization on Sandpoint X2 running DINK32 in a non Host/Agent setup:
Host...
Agent in PCI Slot4 detected.
DINK32 [MPC7400] >>
DINK32 [MPC7400] >>dev epic init
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Initialize EPIC to Default Mode
Kahlua agent in Slot: 4 -> IRQ: 3.
EPIC: Disable External Interrupts
EPIC: Reseting...
Mixed Mode...
Direct Mode
EPIC: Configuring EPIC to Sandpoint X2 default mode...
EPIC: Slides switches, S5 and S6, can be used to
manually trigger interrupts on IRQ1 and IRQ2.
EPIC: IRQ1
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: IRQ2
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Agent detected on IRQ 3
EPIC: Use ’help dev i2o’ to manipulate interrupts
EPIC: IRQ3
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Enable/disable Timers using ’dev epic tmen/tmdis (0-3)’
EPIC: Timer0
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer1
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer2
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer3
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Use ’help dev dma’ to manipulate DMA0 interrupt
EPIC: DMA0
E-56
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
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EPIC: Lower Current Task Priority
EPIC: Enable External Interrupts in MSR
DINK32 [MPC7400] >>
Agent EPIC initialization on Sandpoint running DINK32 in a Host/Agent setup:
Agent ....
DINK32 [MPC8240] >>
DINK32 [MPC8240] >>dev epic init
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Initialize EPIC to Default Mode
EPIC: Disable External Interrupts
EPIC: Reseting...
Mixed Mode...
Direct Mode
EPIC: Configuring EPIC to Sandpoint X2 default mode...
EPIC: Host/Agent setup detected
EPIC: Use ’help dev i2o’ to manipulate interrupts
EPIC: Message Unit Interrupt
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Enable/disable Timers using ’dev epic tmen/tmdis (0-3)’
EPIC: Timer0
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer1
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer2
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer3
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Use ’help dev dma’ to manipulate DMA0 interrupt
EPIC: DMA0
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Lower Current Task Priority
EPIC: Enable External Interrupts in MSR
DINK32 [MPC8240] >>
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E.4.9.3
Running the EPIC on Sandpoint X3
Initializing EPIC requires that DINK32 be running on a Sandpoint X3 system with an
MPC8240, MPC8245 or MPC107 PMC module. From the DINK32 command line,
initialize the EPIC unit by typing the EPIC initialization, “dev epic init” command.
DINK32 will respond with initialization messages and will be ready to handle external
interrupts. The Global Timers can now be manipulated to generated timed interrupts. The
Message Unit (I2O) can be used if in a Host/Agent setup. DMA0 can be used in an interrupt
driven manner to transfer blocks of data.Of course while all these external interrupts are
being handled, DINK32 continues to run and will accept user input at the command line,
while simultaneously writing status to the terminal.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Host EPIC initialization on Sandpoint X3 running DINK32 in a non Host/Agent setup:
Host...
Agent in PCI Slot3 detected.
DINK32 [MPC8240] >>
DINK32 [MPC8240] >>dev epic init
Initialize EPIC to Default Mode
Kahlua agent in Slot: 3 -> IRQ: 4.
EPIC: Disable External Interrupts
EPIC: Reseting...
Mixed Mode...
Serial Mode
EPIC: Configuring EPIC to Sandpoint X3 default mode...
EPIC: For Serial mode on Sandpoint X3 make sure
switch S2[3,4,5]=On=Right.
EPIC: Agent detected on IRQ 4
EPIC: Use ’help dev i2o’ to manipulate interrupts
EPIC: IRQ4
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: IRQ0
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: IRQ1
Reserved
EPIC: IRQ2
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: IRQ3
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: IRQ5
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
E-58
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Inc. EPIC Interrupt Driver
EPIC: IRQ6
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: IRQ7
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: IRQ8
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: IRQ9
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: IRQ10-15
Reserved
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
EPIC: Enable/disable Timers using ’dev epic tmen/tmdis (0-3)’
EPIC: Timer0
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer1
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer2
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer3
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Use ’help dev dma’ to manipulate DMA0 interrupt
EPIC: DMA0
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Lower Current Task Priority
EPIC: Enable External Interrupts in MSR
DINK32 [MPC8240] >>
Agent EPIC initialization on Sandpoint running DINK32 in a Host/Agent setup:
Agent ....
DINK32 [MPC8240] >>dev epic init
Initialize EPIC to Default Mode
EPIC: Disable External Interrupts
EPIC: Reseting...
Mixed Mode...
Direct Mode
EPIC: Configuring EPIC to Sandpoint X3 default mode...
EPIC: Host/Agent setup detected
EPIC: Use ’help dev i2o’ to manipulate interrupts
EPIC: Message Unit Interrupt
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Enable/disable Timers using ’dev epic tmen/tmdis (0-3)’
EPIC: Timer0
MOTOROLA
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Appendix E. MPC8240 Drivers
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
Enable
E-59
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC8240 EPIC Interrupt Driver
EPIC: Timer1
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer2
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Timer3
Configure...
Base Count = 0xFFFFFF...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Use ’help dev dma’ to manipulate DMA0 interrupt
EPIC: DMA0
Configure...
Connect ISR...
Enable
EPIC: Lower Current Task Priority
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
EPIC: Enable External Interrupts in MSR
DINK32 [MPC8240] >>
E.4.10 Code and Documentation Updates
For the most up-to-date versions of the EPIC sample driver code and this
appendix/document, please visit the Motorola DINK32 website.
E-60
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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Go to: www.freescale.com
MOTOROLA
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Appendix F
S-Record Format Description
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
F.1
General Format
An S-record is a file that consists of a sequence of specially formatted ASCII character
strings. Each line of the S-record file adheres to the same general format (with some
variation of the specific fields) and must be 78 bytes or fewer in length. A typical S-record
file might look like this:
S010000077726974656D656D2E73726563AA
S21907000074000000700000003D20DEAD6129BEEF3C60000060E0
S2190700156300003CC0004060C600007D20192E7CE0182E7C07FC
S21907002A480040820014386304007C0330004180FFE848000059
S20907003F004800000068
S804070000F4
This information is an encoding of data to be loaded into memory by a S-record loader. The
address at which the data is loaded is determined by the information in the S-record. The
data is verified through the use of a checksum located at the end of each record. Each record
in a file should be followed by a linefeed.
The general format of an S-record is as follows:
Type
char[2]
Count
char[2]
Address
char[4,6, or 8]
Data
char[0-64]
Checksum
char[2]
Note that the fields are composed of characters. Depending on the field, these characters
may be interpreted as hexadecimal values or as ASCII characters. Typically, the values in
the Type field are interpreted as characters, while the values in all other fields are
interpreted as hex digits.
MOTOROLA
Appendix F. S-Record Format Description
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
F-1
Specific Formats
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Type: Describes the type of S-record entry. There are S0, S1, S2, S3, S5, S7, S8, and S9
types. This information is used to determine the format of the remainder of the characters
in the entry. The specific format for each S-record type is discussed in the next section.
Count: When the two characters comprising this field are interpreted as a hex value,
indicates the number of remaining character pairs in the record.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Address: These characters are interpreted as a hex address. They indicate the address where
the data is to be loaded into memory. The address may be interpreted as a 2, 3, or 4 bytes
address, depending on the type of record. 2-byte addresses require 4 characters, 3-byte
addresses require 6 characters, and 4-byte addresses require 8 characters.
Data: This field can have anywhere from 0 to 64 characters, representing 0-32 hexadecimal
bytes. These values will be loaded into memory at the address specified in the address field.
Checksum: These 2 characters are interpreted as a hexadecimal byte. This number is
determined as follows: Sum the byte values of each pair of hex digits in the count, address,
and data fields of the record. Take the one’s complement. The least significant byte of the
result is used as the checksum.
F.2
Specific Formats
Each of the record types has a slightly different format. These are all derived from the
general format specified above and are summarized in Table F-1.
Table F-1. SRecord Formats
Type
Description
S0
Contains header information for the S-record. This data isn’t actually loaded into memory. The address field
of an S0 record is unused and will contain 0x0000. The data field contains the header information, which is
divided into several sub-fields:
char[20] module name
char[2] version number
char[2] revision number
char[0-36] text comment
Each subfield is composed of ASCII characters. These are paired and interpreted as one byte hex values
in the case of the revision number and version number fields. For the module name and text comment fields
these values should be interpreted as hexadecimal values of ASCII characters.
S1
The address field is interpreted as a 2-byte address. The data in the record is loaded into memory at the
address specified.
S2
The address field is interpreted as a 3-byte address. The data in the record is loaded into memory at the
address specified.
S3
The address field is interpreted as a 4-byte address. The data in the record is loaded into memory at the
address specified.
S5
The address field is interpreted as a 2-byte value which represents a count of the number of S1, S2, and
S3 records previously transmitted. The data field is unused.
S7
The address field is interpreted as a 4-byte address and contains the execution start address. The data field
is unused.
F-2
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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Examples
Table F-1. SRecord Formats (continued)
Type
Description
S8
The address field is interpreted as a 3-byte address and contains the execution start address. The data field
is unused.
S9
The address field is interpreted as a 2-byte address and contains the execution start address. The data field
is unused.
F.3
Examples
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Following are some sample S-record entries broken into their parts with a short
explanation:
Example 1: S010000077726974656D656D2E73726563AA
Separated: S0-10-0000-77726974656D656D2E73726563-AA
•Type: S0 - this is a header record •Count: 10 - interpreted as 0x10; indicates that 16
character pairs follow •Address: 0000 - interpreted as 0x0000. The address field for S0 is
always 0x0000. •Data: Since this is a header record, the information can be interpreted in a
number of ways. It doesn't really matter since you usually don't use this field for anything
interesting. •Checksum: AA - the checksum
Example 2: S21907000074000000700000003D20DEAD6129BEEF3C60000060E0
Separated: S2-19-070000-74000000700000003D20DEAD6129BEEF3C60000060-E0
•Type: S2 - the record consists of memory-loadable data and the address should be
interpreted as 3 bytes •Count: 19 - interpreted as 0x19; indicates that 25 character pairs
follow •Address: 070000 - data will be loaded at address 0x00070000 •Data: Memory
loadable data representing executable code •Checksum: E0 - checksum
Example 2: S804070000F4
Separated: S8-04-070000-F4
•Type: S8 - this is the record with the execution start address; also indicates we have
reached the end of our s-record •Count: 04 - interpreted as 0x04; indicates that 4 character
pairs follow •Address: 070000 - execution will begin at 0x00070000 •Data: None - this
field is unused for S8 records. •Checksum: F4 - checksum
F.4
Summary of Formats
Table F-2 summarizes the length (in characters, bytes) of each field for the different
S-record types. It is useful as a reference when parsing records manually during debug.
MOTOROLA
Appendix F. S-Record Format Description
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
F-3
Summary of Formats
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Table F-2. Summary of Formats in Bytes
Count
S0
2
S1
Address
Data
Checksum
N/A
0-60
2
2
2 byte address
0-64
2
S2
2
3 byte address
0-64
2
S3
2
4 byte address
0-64
2
S5
2
2 byte count
0
2
S7
2
4 byte execution address
0
2
S8
2
3 byte execution address
0
2
S9
2
4 byte execution address
0
2
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Type
F-4
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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MOTOROLA
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Appendix G
Networking Support
This section describes internal mechanism and usage of DINK networking functionality.
The purpose is to allow DINK users to access and download code to the reference platforms
more conveniently. Current TCP/IP stack in DINK implements:
•
•
•
•
TFTP client
Non-concurrent single user TELNET server
PING program based on ICMP
ARP server
Before using any network functions, user must insert a RealTek8139 PCI NIC into one of
the PCI slots, then run ‘ni -i’ command from DINK shell. This command will scan PCI bus
for acceptable NIC type. Follow the prompt instruction to fill out card information and the
network configurations.
If TELNET console is to be used, an environment variable ‘NETIO’ must be created by
typing ‘env NETIO=1’. Then power cycle Sandpoint.
TFTP download can be invoked by using ‘-nw ‘ option in the download command. There
is no difference between using a serial console or a remote TELNET console.
The following is an example of how to use TELNET console after setting up the NIC and
NETIO environment variable.
Firstly, use ni command to verify network status
DINK32[MPC7410] {14} >>ni
NETWORK INFORMATION
PCI CARD
Type 8139/10EC on slot 15
SETTINGS
SERVER(TFTP)
GATEWAY
NETMASK
DHCP
CLIENT(DINK)
:
:
:
:
:
16. 11.105.182
16. 11.105.254
255.255.255. 0
0. 0. 0. 0
16. 11.105.163
DHCP: Disabled
MOTOROLA
Appendix G. Networking Support
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
G-1
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Before using TELNET server, verify NETIO environment veriable has been set
DINK32[MPC7410] {15} >>env
NETIO=1
Power cycle Sandpoint. After DINK boots up, the serial console will be disabled. The
following console response is expetected if the Telnet server has been initialized properly.
I/O system initialized...
Baud rate changing to 115200...
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Baud rate changing to 115200...
Memory Enabled:
Caches Enabled:
Register Inits:
Assembler Init:
[
[
[
[
64MB at CL=3 ]
L1-ICache L1-DCache ]
32 GPRs, 32 FPRs, 255 SPRs, 32 VECs ]
895 opcodes ]
##
##
##
#######
##
##
##
##
##
##
######
(
Version
Released
Written by
System
Processor
Memory
(
:
:
:
:
:
:
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
(
#######
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
##
######
##
##
##
##
( (AltiVec) )
)
)
)
13.0, Metaware Build
October 31, 2002 Built on Oct 31 2002 11:28:00
Motorola’s RISC Applications Group, Austin, TX
Sandpoint X3
MPC7410 V1.2 @ 300 MHz, Memory @ 100 MHz
Map B (CHRP) 64MB at 3/1/1/1
Copyright Motorola Inc. 1993-2002
Refer to ‘history.c’ for release info, changes, errata and fixes.
NETMASK
GATEWAY
SERVER(TFTP)
CLIENT(DINK)
=
=
=
=
255.255.255.0
16.11.105.254
16.11.105.182
16.11.105.163
------ TELNET server is started, use remote access ONLY ------
From a remote host computer, run TELNET client to the DINK IP address shown above.
e.g. from a DOS console, do
Microsoft(R) Windows NT(TM)
(C) Copyright 1985-1996 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>telnet 16.11.105.163
G-2
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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Troubleshooting Hints
No login is required. The initial prompt is ‘DINK32-TELNET >>’
To close the connection gracefully, disconnect from client Telnet window.
There are several ways to redirect console back to serial port.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
1. Delete NETIO environment variable from the Telnet console. Reset/Power cycle
Sandpoint.
2. Holding down backspace key while DINK is booting. This should allow DINK to
bypass all the environment variable settings and use the default serial console.
3. Remove Ethernet NIC from the PCI slot before booting DINK. This would cause
DINK to fail to discover Ethernet hardware support for Telnet, therefore switching
to serial console.
G.1
Troubleshooting Hints
Problem 1. Connection lost after about a minute.
Solution: If you are using Windows based host, this is due to the TCP keep alive signal sent
by Windows host to check if DINK connection is still alive. However, DINK will not
respond to this keep-alive polling, (starting with an ARP request). The reason for that is
DINK TCP/IP is designed to be purely based on polling such that when running a
benchmark via a network, there will be no unpredictable performance impact. The work
around is to disable Windows keep alive polling by setting MAC address of the NIC card
as a static entry in Windows ARP cache. This problem does not occur in BSD style systems,
such as Solaris, Linux, and MacOS. Do the following three steps in the Windows command
console to disable keep-alive polling.
Obtain the MAC address of the RealTek NIC by doing Telnet to Sandpoint then exit
normally by disconnecting from the Telnet client console. There is no exit command from
DINK shell.
Type ‘arp -a’ to verify the DINK IP and MAC address is marked as ‘dynamic’
Type ‘arp -s xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz’ to set the entry as static. (xxx is the IP
address; zz is the MAC address).
Problem 2. Can not bypass environment setting by holding backspace key
Solution: turn on RTS/CTS flow control or use lower baud rate.
G.2
•
•
•
Known Limitations in Telnet Console
Does not allow serial console download
Does not allow initialize NIC when connection is active.
Does not support simultaneous close.
MOTOROLA
Appendix G. Networking Support
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
G-3
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Known Limitations in Telnet Console
Does not support certain cache tests which may cause unexpected snoop behavior
on Ethernet DMA engine.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
•
G-4
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
MOTOROLA
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Appendix H
Converting Dink32 to Little Endian
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H.1
General Information
This information is based on a little endian version of DINK, V7.0 10/8/97 called DINKLE.
The makefile is included in this appendix, the other files from this version are not required
to understand this appendix, but can be requested from [email protected].
Following the instructions below and having access to this DINKLE version can facilitate
the conversion of any version of DINK32 to a little endian version.
H.2
Preparation
The reset vector EH100S: at 0x00000100 and 0xfff00100 is extracted from except2.s and
copied to a new file called reset.s. The system_reset code, which includes the copy DINK32
from ROM to RAM is extracted from except2.s and copied to a new file called reset1.s.
Finally the rest of except2.s is copied to a new file called except2l.s. This is necessary, as
described later, because the reset vector and reset code must run in Big Endian (BE) and the
rest of the code must run in Little Endian (LE).
Thus, the two files (reset.s and reset1.s) are compiled as BE and that the rest are compiled
as LE. The linker will then link these mixed mode files into a single executable.
These two assembly language files need to be compiled as BE. Use the metaware assembler
option -lb, which is the default.
•
•
reset.s
reset1.s
These three assembly language files need to be compiled as LE. Use the metaware
assembler option -le.
•
•
•
except2l.s
reg_swap.s
go_tr2.s
All the C language files need to be compiled as LE. Use the metaware option flag -HL for
Little Endian compilation, the default is -HB Big Endian.
MOTOROLA
Appendix H. Converting Dink32 to Little Endian
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H-1
Explanation
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The CC and two assembler commands for metaware are.
•
•
•
CC
= /...path.../metaware/bin/hcppc -HL -Hnocopyr -c -Hsds
ASOPTL = -big_si -le
ASL
= /...path.../metaware/bin/asppc -c $(ASOPTL)
ASOPTB = -big_si -be
ASB
= /...path.../metaware/bin/asppc -c $(ASOPTB)
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The order of compilation and linking is.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
reset.o
except2l.o
reset1.o
except1.o
go_tr1.o
go_tr2.o
reg_swap.o
All the rest of the C files.
The makefile included in Section H.3.3, “DINKLE V7.0 10/8/97 makefile” is useful to
understand the linking order.
H.3
Explanation
It is critical to understand that the processors and peripheral logic all come out of reset in
Big Endian. Therefore, the first code that is run (this is the reset code located in reset.s and
reset1.s) will be compiled in big endian. The reason the reset vector is separated from the
other code and other exception handlers (found in except2l.s) is that we want to run the
other handlers in LE mode so we will assemble them with our little endian assembler. The
linker will then link the files in the following order: reset.s, except2l.s, reset1.s ....... which
are Big Endian, Little Endian, and Big Endian, respectively. All of the other files are
compiled as little endian.
H.3.1
Two Important Considerations
The first involves the copy algorithm and the second involves the little endian swap code.
H.3.2
Copy Algorithm
In DINK, we copy ROM contents to RAM before jumping to the RAM image. The
compiler has compiled the rest of DINK as "TRUE" little endian. Little endian on
processors that implement the PowerPC architecture is not a "TRUE" little endian but
rather a munged Little Endian scheme (see the Programming Environments Manual for
H-2
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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MOTOROLA
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Explanation
more details). The fact that the processor really expects BIG ENDIAN data at little endian
addressing is accomplished by the unmunging of data during the copy algorithm (use of
stwbr instructions). The copy algorithm is found in except2.s, which has been copied along
with all of system_reset to except2l.s
The code is shown here.
//now copy DINK in ROM to RAM. ROM image is compiler little endian
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
//so,we have to swap the byte and muge the address by K.O.
addis
r8,r0,0 //use this for copy ROM to RAM
ori
r8,r8,4 //use for Munge address
lwz
r10,0(r4) //read word from eprom.
lwz
r11,4(r4) //muge the address
lp1:
stwbrx
r10,r8,r3 //byte swap
stwbrx
r11,r0,r3 //byte swap
/* original big endian code which is now replaced
* stwx
r5,0,r3 //store word into dram.
* lwzx
r7,0,r3 //load word from dram.
* cmp
0,0,r7,r5 // check to see if dram got written
* bne
error_dram_init
*/
addi
r4,r4,8 //go to next double word of eprom and dram.
addi
r3,r3,8
addic.
r6,r6,-8 //decrement word from 256k block
//-- set cr0 on this one for branching.
bgt
lp1 //if count>0, then loop
NOTE
The memory, which is local to the processor, always has BE
ordered data in its physical memory locations (just like the
values in the onboard registers and onboard caches are still in
big endian order). The byte lane swap is accomplished at the
PCI interface.
MOTOROLA
Appendix H. Converting Dink32 to Little Endian
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
H-3
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Explanation
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H.3.2.1
Little Endian Swap Instruction Sequence
The peripheral logic is switched to little endian first (before the processor) in reset1.s (i.e.,
the specific programming of the bridge chip to be in little endian mode). There is a period
of time when the processor and the peripheral logic will not be in the same endian mode.
This period should be minimized. It is interesting to note that this period is of interest
because the addresses, that you think you are executing from, may not actually be intuitive.
In the the V7.0 code this is not a problem (and is not dealt with) because the instructions
that are being accessed, when the peripheral logic has been switched to LE and the
processor is still in BE, are already in local memory in BE format and the processor hasn’t
switched yet. If, however, you were running from code out in PCI then there would be an
issue because the ‘unmunge’ logic in the peripheral chip has just been turned ‘on’ but the
processor is not munging addresses just yet.
There is an elegant way of handling this. Place a sequence (approximately 30) of ‘ORI
R0,R0,0x60’ opcodes in the code stream after switching the peripheral logic to LE and then
after these ‘ori’ instructions begin, LE code modules which have DUPLICATE opcodes can
run until the processor can be put into LE mode (i.e., until the RFI executes).
NOTE
The ori r0,r0,0x60 opcode is used because it is an opcode that
doesn't matter if the bytes are read as BE or LE (i.e., they are
the same opcode; a relatively innocuous no-op). 0x60000060 is
still 0x60000060 in big or little endian mode.
After this assembly code (which has duplicate instructions), ‘regular’ compiler generated
LE modules may be located.
NOTE
The duplicated instructions handle the fact that the address is
temporarily ‘unmunged’ so it is coming out as 0x04, 0x00,
0x0C, 0x08, etc. Instead of duplicating instructions you could
alternate a no-op with the real instruction or reverse the opcode
in memory (not recommended for clarity).
H.3.3
DINKLE V7.0 10/8/97 makefile
This makefile will only work with V7.0, it is included here only
for illustrative purposes.
DEBUG
=
OPTIM
=
CC
= /risc/tools/pkgs/metaware/bin/hcppc -HL
CCobj
= $(CC) $(DEBUG) $(OPTIM)
PREP
= $(CC) -P
H-4
-Hnocopyr -c -Hsds -fsoft #-Hlist
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
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Explanation
# Assembler used to build the .s files (for the board version)
ASOPTL
= -big_si -le
ASOPTB
= -big_si -be
ASL
= /risc/tools/pkgs/metaware/bin/asppc -c $(ASOPTL)
ASB
= /risc/tools/pkgs/metaware/bin/asppc -c $(ASOPTB)
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
# Linker to bring .o files together into an executable.
LKOPT
= -Bbase=0 -xm -e system_reset -Bnoheader -Bhardalign -xo=dink32.src -q -Qn
-Cglobals -Csections -Csymbols -Ccrossref
LINK
=
/risc/tools/pkgs/metaware/bin/ldppc $(LKOPT) > xref.txt
# DOS Utilities
DEL
= rm
COPY
= cp
LIST
= ls -l
# These are the modules which have to do with DINK’s registers.
REGISTERS = reg_tb.o reg_spr.o
# These are the modules which have to do with DINK’s memory access routines.
MEMORY = mem_tb.o
# These are the modules which have to do with the DINK parser.
PARSER = tok_tb.o arg_tb.o rfs_tb.o par_tb.o toks.o
# These are the modules which have to do with the error checking
# and reporting.
ERRORS = errors.o err_tb.o
# These are the modules which have to do with the downloader including
# DINK’s compression routines.
MOTOROLA
Appendix H. Converting Dink32 to Little Endian
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H-5
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Explanation
DOWNLOAD = downld.o dc_tb.o
#
# These are the modules which have to do with the input output to the
# board level stuff.
INPUTOUTPUT = duart.o board.o
# These are the modules which have to do with DINK’s assembler/disassembler.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
ASMDSM = asm.o dsm.o
# These are for the exceptions in the DINK32 system.
EXCEPTIONS = reset.o except2l.o reset1.o except1.o
# These are for the Go and Trace routines. Please note that the EXCEPTIONS are
# very important for the Go/Tr operations.
GOTRACE = go_tr1.o go_tr2.o reg_swap.o
# These are the modules which have to do with DINK’s help and breakpoints.
MISC = help.o brk_pts.o sublib.o
# These are the modules which have to do with the main loop and
# initialization of DINK32.
DINKMAIN = main.o print.o
DINKASM
=
$(EXCEPTIONS) $(GOTRACE)
DINKWORKERS =$(REGISTERS) $(MEMORY) $(DOWNLOAD) $(ASMDSM) $(MISC)
DINKINTERFACE = $(PARSER) $(ERRORS) $(INPUTOUTPUT)
DINKOBJECTS = $(DINKASM) $(DINKMAIN) $(DINKWORKERS) $(DINKINTERFACE)
DCOMPOBJECTS = dc_tb_unix.o dc_unix.o
dink32:
$(DINKOBJECTS)
$(LINK) $(DINKOBJECTS) $(LIBS) -o dink32.src
clean:
H-6
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
MOTOROLA
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Explanation
$(DEL) -f *.o *.lst *.map dink32.src dcomp zz.*
#.s.o:
#
$(PREP) $*.i
#
$(AS) $*.s
reset.o:
$(INC_ALL) $(INC_ASM)
reset.s
$(ASB) reset.s
reset1.o: $(INC_ALL) $(INC_ASM)
reset1.s
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
$(ASB) reset1.s
except2l.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_ASM) except2l.s
$(ASL)
reg_swap.o:
except2l.s
$(INC_ALL) $(INC_ASM) reg_swap.s
$(ASL)
reg_swap.s
go_tr2.o: $(INC_ALL) $(INC_ASM) go_tr2.s
$(ASL)
go_tr2.s
.c.o:
$(CCobj) $*.c
INC_ALL = config.h
INC_C
= dink.h
INC_TOK = tok_tb.h toks.h
INC_GEN = errors.h cpu.h
INC_ASM = dink_asm.h yellowknife.h
reg_tb.o: $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_TOK) $(INC_GEN) reg_tb.c reg_tb.h
reg_spr.o: $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_TOK) $(INC_GEN) reg_spr.c reg_tb.h
mem_tb.o: $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_TOK)$(INC_GEN) mem_tb.c
tok_tb.o: $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_TOK) tok_tb.c
arg_tb.o: $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_TOK) $(INC_GEN) arg_tb.c rfs_tb.h
rfs_tb.o:$(INC_ALL) $(INC_C)
$(INC_GEN) rfs_tb.c rfs_tb.h
par_tb.o: $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_TOK) par_tb.c errors.h
toks.o:
$(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_TOK) toks.c errors.h
MOTOROLA
Appendix H. Converting Dink32 to Little Endian
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
H-7
Explanation
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
err_tb.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_TOK) err_tb.c err_tb.h
errors.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_GEN) errors.c
help.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_TOK) help.c arg_tb.h rfs_tb.h errors.h
brk_pts.o :$(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_GEN) brk_pts.c brk_pts.h
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
sublib.o :$(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_GEN) sublib.c
netrix1.o : $(INC_ALL)
netrix1.c
netrix.o : $(INC_ALL)
netrix.c
except1.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C)
except1.c
#except2.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_ASM)
except2.s
#go_tr2.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_ASM)
go_tr2.s
go_tr1.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C)
go_tr1.c
#reg_swap.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_ASM)
reg_swap.s
dc_tb.o :$(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_GEN) dc_tb.c
downld.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_GEN)downld.c
duart.o: $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_GEN) duart.c duart.h
print.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_GEN) print.c
board.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_GEN) board.c duart.h
asm.o :
$(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_GEN) asm.c asm_dsm.h
dsm.o :
$(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_GEN) dsm.c asm_dsm.h
main.o : $(INC_ALL) $(INC_C) $(INC_TOK) main.c errors.h arg_tb.h reg_tb.h duart.h
H-8
DINK32 PowerPC ISA Debugger User’s Manual
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
MOTOROLA