Design Note 40 Issue 1 June 1996 Applications of the ZMR250 Miniature SOT23 Regulator Adjustable Regulator There are many occasions when a power supply at a non-standard voltage is required, for which there are no off-the-shelf three terminal regulators available. A common technique of dealing with such requirements, is to use a standard regulator selected with an output voltage lower than needed and to add a potential divider connected to its ground pin to raise the output to the desired level. The power supply circuit shown in Figure1 is an example of this technique. IC1 ZMR250 +ve Vin Vout Gnd +ve R1 2k4 Input (4.7V - 20V) Output (3.0V) R2 470 -ve A serious problem with this circuit, particularly for battery powered equipment, is the current drain of the output potential divider. The resistors selected for this potential divider must be chosen so as to pass around 50 times the quiescent current of the regulator if output accuracy is not to be degraded. Industry standard regulators such as the 78L series usually have quiescent currents in the region of 2mA typical, so to maintain accuracy a divider current of 100mA would be required. However, the quiescent current of the Zetex ZMR250 SOT23 miniature voltage regulator, is only 40µA maximum - even less than that of purpose designed adjustable regulators. Use of the ZMR250 in the above circuit allows the divider string current to be kept down to only 1mA without significantly compromising accuracy, making the power supply viable for even battery powered circuits where efficiency is important. -ve Figure 1 Power Supply with Potential Divider; Designed to Deliver Non-Standard Output. DN 40 - 1 Design Note 40 Issue 1 June 1996 IC1 ZMR250 The output voltage given by the power supply circuit can be calculated using the following formula:Vout=Iq x R2+Vreg +ve (R1+R2) R1 Input Range (4.2 - 20V) Where Iq is the quiescent current of the ZMR250 (30µA typical) and Vreg is the normal output voltage of the ZMR250 (2.5V). Vin Vout Gnd R1 1k Output Current (2.5mA) -ve The power supply will operate with inputs from 4.7 to 20V and supply loads up to 50mA (maximum continuous load current may be restricted by package power dissipation). Figure 2 Using the ZMR250 as a Current Source. The output current is set by resistor R1, following the relationship:Iout = Iq + Current Generator The low quiescent current rating of the ZMR250 also makes the device very useful for current source applications. Figure 2 shows all that is needed to use the ZMR250 as a current source. This circuit behaves as a two terminal device which passes a current independent of the voltage across it as long as this voltage is in the range of 4.2V to 20V. Vreg R1 here Iq is the quiescent current of the ZMR250 (30µA typical) and Vreg is the normal output voltage of the ZMR250 (2.5V). The output impedance of the current source is typically 7.75MΩ a n d b y adjusting the value of resistor R1, the circuit can be configured to source currents in the range of 50µA to 50mA. DN40 - 2 AN 1 - 4