STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE Ver. 2.6 STR-Y6400 Series Application Note (Ver. 2.6) Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.1 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE Ver. 2.6 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Index //////////////// 1. General Descriptions ·························································································3 2. Features and Production Lineup ·····································································3 3. Functional Block Diagram and Terminal List ················································4 4. Package Information ·························································································5 5. Electrical Characteristics ··················································································6∼8 6. Typical Application Circuit ··············································································9 7. Functional Descriptions ····················································································10∼26 7.1 VCC (No.3) Terminal ···················································································10∼12 7.2 ADJ (No.7) Terminal ··················································································13∼16 7.3 FB (No.4) Terminal ·····················································································17∼19 7.4 BD (No.5) Terminal ····················································································20∼22 7.5 OCP (No.6) Terminal and Bottom-skip Operation ·································23∼24 7.6 Standby Operation ······················································································25 7.7 Maximum ON Time Limitation Function ················································25 7.8 Phase Compensation ···················································································26 8. Design Notes ·······································································································27∼28 ////////////////////////////////////////// !WARNING! ● Sanken reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein in the interest of improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing order, Sanken advises its customers to obtain the latest version of the relevant information to verify that the information being relied upon is current. ● Application and operation examples described in this application note are provided for a supplementary purpose only. Conditions in actual use and variations in additional parts are not considered. When using the products herein, the applicability and suitability of such products for the intended purpose or object shall be reviewed at the user’s responsibility. ● Application and operation examples described in this application note are given for reference only and Sanken assumes no responsibility for any infringement of industrial property rights, intellectual property rights or any other rights of Sanken, or any third party which may result from its use. ● Although Sanken undertakes to enhance the quality and reliability of its products, the occurrence of failure and defect of semiconductor products at a certain rate is inevitable. Users of Sanken products are requested to take, at their own risk, preventative measures including safety design of the equipment or systems against any possible injury, death, fires or damages to society due to device failure or malfunction. ● This publication shall not be reproduced in whole or in part without prior written approval form Sanken. Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.2 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 1. Ver. 2.6 General Descriptions The STR-Y6400 series devices comprise an integrated MOSFET and a multifunction controller chip for quasi-resonant switching power supply applications. In normal operation, the quasi-resonant operation mode coupled with the bottom-skip functions achieves high efficiency and low noise. In standby operation, the burst operation mode ensures lower power consumption. The STR-Y6400 series are using the compact 7-pin full mold package (TO220F-7L: Sanken designation: FMS207). These switchers also provide various protection features that allow power supply designs that are highly reliable and simple−with fewer peripheral components. 2. Features and Production Lineup z TO220F-7 pin package z Built-in Startup circuit (eliminates startup losses and results in low power consumption) z Multi-mode control enables the high efficiency operation across the full load range z Automatic Standby mode (improves efficiency by burst-oscillation at light loads, Input wattage Pin < 0.1 W at zero output load condition) z Bottom-skip mode reduces the switching loss under medium to light loads z Built-in soft start function reduces the stress applied to power MOSFET during transitions z Built-in Leading Edge Blanking (LEB) function z Built-in protection functions for Overcurrent (OCP), Overvoltage (OVP), Overload (OLP) and maximum ON time limitation z Two-chip structure: a MOSFET and a control IC (the MOSFET has an avalanche energy guarantee) The production lineup for the STR-Y6400 series provides the options shown in the following table. Product No. MOSFET VDSS(MIN)[V] RDS(ON) (MAX)[Ω] STR-Y6453 650 1.8 STR-Y6456 650 0.73 STR-Y6473 850 3.6 STR-Y6476 850 1.3 Vin AC [V] POUT [W] (Note 1,2) 100 58 220 110 100 140 220 220 WIDE 32 220 60 WIDE 68 220 130 Note 1: The maximum output power is derived from thermal specifications. The actual output power may be available around 120 – 140% of the above values, respectively, but will be limited by ON duty setting on transformer design or lower output voltage. Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.3 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 3. Ver. 2.6 Functional Block Diagram and Terminal List The devices share a common basic electrical configuration, as shown in the functional block diagram in fig.3. The assignments of terminals in the packages also is common throughout the series, allowing easier design reuse. The terminal assignments are shown in the Terminal List table in tab.3. D/Startup Startup 3 Vcc UVLO 1 DRV Reg/Iconst S/GND Latch Logic OSC ADJ Fig.3 4 FB/STB OCP OCP BD ADJ/SS 7 FB 2 BD 6 5 STR-Y6400 Series Functional Block Diagram Terminal List Table Terminal No. Symbol Name Descriptions 1 2 3 D/Startup S/GND VCC Drain / Start-up Terminal Source / Ground Terminal Power Supply Terminal 4 FB Feedback Terminal MOSFET Drain / Start-up current input MOSFET Source / Ground Input of power supply for control circuit Constant voltage control signal input / Standby control input / OLP signal input 5 BD Bottom Detection / OCP Compensation for AC Input Voltage Terminal 6 OCP OCP Input Terminal 7 ADJ Adjustment Terminal Tab.3 Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. QR signal input / Overcurrent compensation input OCP pulse input / Bottom-skip signal input Soft start control / Bottom-skip delay time control / Remote ON/OFF signal input STR-Y6400 Series Terminal List table Page.4 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 4. Ver. 2.6 Package Information ・TO220F-7 pin type (Sanken designation: FMS207) ・The package dimensions and branding are shown below, and this lead framing number is LF3001. リードフォーミング No.3001 Outline Drawings of Lead Forming No.3001 4.2 ±0.2 15±0.3 φ3.2±0.2 2.8±0.2 0.5 10±0.2 Mold protrusion ゲートバリ STR a 2.6±0.1 （根元寸法） Dimensions from root 5×P1.17±0.15 =5.85±0.15 （根元寸法） 2±0.15 （根元寸法） Dimensions between roots R-end (5.4) R-end +0.2 0.45-0.1 Dimensions between roots 0.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 2.54±0.6 (先端寸法) 5.08±0.6 (先端寸法) Dimensions between tips 0.5 0.5 0.5 平面状態図 Plan 1 5±0.5 3-(R1) (5.4) +0.2 7-0.55-0.1 10.4±0.5 7-0.62±0.15 5±0.5 b 側面状態図 Side view a. 品名標示 Y6456 Type number 端子の材質: Cu Material of terminal: Cu 端子の処理: Niメッキ＋半田ディップ Treatment of terminal: Ni plating + solder dip 製品重量: 約2.2g Weight: Approx. 2.2g b. ロット番号 Lot number 第1文字 1st letter 西暦年号下一桁 The last digit of year Dimensions in mm a. b. 第2文字 製造月 2nd letter Month 1∼9月 アラビア数字 注記 Note O Type Number 部は高さ0.3maxのゲートバリ発生個所をしめす。 Material 10月 of terminal: Cu 11月 N shows a point where 0.3max gate burr is produced. Lot Number : YMDDR Treatment of terminal : Ni plating 12月 D 図番: TG3A-2601 Y is the lastDWG. digit of the year of manufacture Weight: Approx. 2.2g No. : TG3A-2601 第3、4文字 製造日 単位: mm M is the month( 1 to 9, O,N,D) Dimensions 3rd & 4th letter Day in mm 01∼31 アラビア数字 DD is the 2-digit date Arabic numerals + solder dip R is Sanken registration symbol 第5文字 5th letter Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.5 弊社管理記号 Sanken Registration Symbol STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 5. Ver. 2.6 Electrical Characteristics (Example: STR-Y6456 ) The following tables provide electrical characteristics for the STR-Y6400 series. The STR-Y6456 is used as an example. Both absolute maximum ratings and operating characteristics are provided. Certain details vary among the individual devices. 5.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings, valid at Ta = 25°C Parameter Drain Current Maximum Switching Current ※1 ※1 ※1 Avalanche Energy Supply Voltage for Control Circuit Startup Terminal Voltage ADJ Terminal Sink Current FB Terminal Sink Current BD Terminal Sink Current BD Terminal Source Current OCP Terminal Voltage 1−2 3–2 1–2 7–2 4–2 5–2 5–2 6–2 ※1 Power Dissipation in MOSFET Terminal 1−2 1−2 Power Dissipation in Control Circuit Internal Frame Temperature in Operation Operating Ambient Temperature Storage Temperature Channel Temperature Symbol IDpeak IDMAX EAS ILpeak VCC VSTARTUP IADJ IFB IBDIN IBDOUT VOCP 1–2 Rating 17.6 17.6 260 4.7 32 -1.0∼VDSS 3.0 8.0 2.0 -2.0 -1.5∼+2.0 Unit A A mJ A V V mA mA mA mA V 29.0 W W W PD1 ― PD2 1.3 0.8 ― TF -20∼+115 ℃ ― ― ― Top Tstg Tch -20∼+115 -40∼+125 +150 ℃ ℃ ℃ Note Single pulse Ta=-20∼+125℃ Single pulse VDD=99V, L=20mH With infinite heat sink Without heat sink ＊1 Refer to individual device datasheet for details; value differs among devices. Current characteristics are defined based on IC as Sink:+, Source:−. ＊ 5. 2 Electrical Characteristics in MOSFET, valid at Ta = 25°C Parameter Drain-source Voltage Drain Leakage Current ON Resistance Switching Time Thermal Resistance Terminal Symbol ※1 ※1 ※1 ※1 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 ― Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. VDSS IDSS RDS(ON) tf θch-F Page.6 MIN 650 ― ― ― ― Rating TYP ― ― ― ― 1.0 Unit Note MAX ― V 300 µA 0.73 Ω 500 nS 1.5 ℃/Ｗ Channel to internal frame STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 5.3 Ver. 2.6 Control Circuit Electrical Characteristics, valid at Ta = 25°C, VCC=20V, unless otherwise specified (or noted). Parameter Terminal Symbol MIN Rating TYP MAX Unit Power Supply Start-up Operation Operation Start Voltage Operation Stop Voltage Circuit Current in Operation Circuit Current in Non-operation Start-up Circuit Operation Voltage Start-up Current Start-up Current after OLP Operation Oscillation Frequency Soft Start Operation Stop Voltage Soft Start Operation Charge Current Power-off Threshold Voltage 3–2 3–2 3–2 3−2 1−2 3−2 3−2 1−2 7−2 7−2 7−2 VCC(ON) 14.4 VCC(OFF) 9.0 ICC(ON) ― ICC(OFF) ― VSTART(ON) 55 ICC(STARTUP) -2.4 ICC(STARTOLP) -1.10 fOSC 17.5 VADJ(SS) 2.0 IADJ(SS) -148 VADJ(OFF) 8.2 16.2 10.0 3.5 10 82 -1.4 -0.50 21.0 2.3 -110 9.4 18.4 11.3 5.5 50 100 -0.5 -0.15 25.0 2.6 -71 10.8 V V mA µA V mA mA kHz V µA V -0.668 -0.605 -0.435 -0.381 -0.145 -0.085 4.3 4.8 -20 -13 6.3 ― -0.075 ― 0.31 0.60 0.15 0.32 -225 -135 V V V V µA V V V V µA Normal Operation Bottom-skip Operation Threshold Voltage 1 Bottom-skip Operation Threshold Voltage 2 Bottom-skip Operation Threshold Voltage 3 Bottom-skip Operation Start Voltage Bottom-skip State Detection Bias Current BD Terminal Upper Clamp Voltage BD Terminal Lower Clamp Voltage QR Operation Threshold Voltage 1 QR Operation Threshold Voltage 2 Maximum Feedback Current Standby Operation Standby State Detection Voltage Standby State Start Voltage Standby Operation Threshold Voltage Minimum TON period (Normal Operation) Minimum TON period (Input Compensation Operation) Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. 6−2 6−2 6−2 7–2 7–2 5−2 5−2 5−2 5−2 4−2 VOCP(BS1) VOCP(BS2) VOCP(BS3) VADJ(BS) IADJ(BS) VBD(HC) VBD(LC) VBD(TH1) VBD(TH2) IFB(MAX) -0.720 -0.485 -0.205 3.8 -27 ― ― 0.12 0.01 -315 4–2 7–2 4–2 1–2 VFB(STBIN) VADJ(STB) VFB(STBOP) TONL(MIN) 1.40 5.7 0.80 1.08 1.63 6.2 1.00 1.74 1.85 6.8 1.25 2.33 V V V µS 1–2 TONH(MIN) 0.62 1.09 1.52 µS Page.7 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE Parameter Ver. 2.6 Terminal Symbol MIN Rating TYP MAX Unit Protection Operation Maximum TON period 1−2 Leading Edge Blanking Time 1−2 Over Current Detection Threshold Voltage 6−2 (Normal Operation) Over Current Detection Threshold Voltage 6−2 (Input Compensation Operation) OCP* Terminal Source Current 6−2 Input Compensation Detection Threshold Current 1 5−2 Input Compensation Detection Threshold Current 2 5−2 OLP* Bias Current 4−2 OLP* Auto-restart Threshold Voltage 4−2 OLP* Latch-off Bias Current 4−2 OLP* Latch-off Threshold Voltage 4−2 OVP* Operation Voltage 3−2 ※2 Latch Circuit Release Voltage 3−2 FB Terminal Maximum Voltage 4−2 in Feedback Operation ＊2 Latch circuit is activated by OLP and OVP functions. ＊ TON(MAX) TON(LEB) 31 - Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.8 41 - µS nS VOCP(H) -0.975 -0.930 -0.875 V VOCP(L) -0.904 -0.780 -0.656 V IOCP(O) IBD(TH1) IBD(TH2) IFB(OLP) VFB(OLPAUTO) IFB(OLPLa.OFF) VFB(OLPLa.OFF) VCC(OVP) VCC(La.OFF) -260 -575 -565 -27 6.3 -1.5 8.6 26.0 6.2 -130 -500 -450 -20 6.7 -1.0 9.6 28.5 7.5 -40 -425 -375 -13 7.3 -0.5 10.2 31.0 8.9 µA µA µA µA V mA V V V VFB(MAX) 4.90 5.45 6.00 V QR : Quasi-resonant, OCP : Overcurrent Protection, OVP : Overvoltage Protection, OLP : Overload Protection 36 375 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 6. Ver. 2.6 Typical Application Circuit L AC Input OUT L2 N D2 R5 P C1 STR-Y6400 Z1 1 D/Startup 3 VCC R1 (R OCP) OCP T1 6 C3 C4 C5 C6 PC1 C11 Fig.6 Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. STR-Y6400 typical application circuit Page.9 C9 R9 GND R3(R BD) R4 S/GND 2 C7 R8 R7 C8 R10 Z2 D C2 BD 5 FB 4 Cont. 7 ADJ C10 (CV ) S R2 D1 PC1 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7. 7.1 Ver. 2.6 Functional Descriptions VCC (No. 3) Terminal VCC is the power supply terminal for control circuit. 7. 1. 1 Start-up Circuit The startup circuit is connected to the drain terminals, D/Startup C1 (No.1). During the start-up process, the constant current P (ICC(STARTUP) = –1.4 mA typical) charges C2 at VCC terminal (see fig.7-1), and when the startup voltage level (VCC(ON) = 16.2 V typical) is reached, the device starts switching operation. Hence, the C2 value decides the duration of the startup period, VCC S/GND 2 --- (1) where tSTART is the startup period, in s, and VCC(INIT) is the initial R2 D1 3 STR-Y6400 according to the following formula: tSTART = C2× (VCC(ON) – VCC(INIT)) / ICC(STARTUP) 1 D/Startup D C2 OCP 6 R1 T1 voltage on VCC terminal, in V. C2 shall be 10 to 47 µF, if it is a general power supply application. Fig.7-1 VCC peripheral circuit After switching operation begins, the startup circuit turns off automatically, to zero its current consumption. Fig.7-2 shows the relationship of VCC and ICC. SHUTDOWN When VCC terminal voltage reaches VCC(ON) , the device starts normal operation and ICC increases. While the device is in operation, if VCC terminal voltage decreases to the shutdown voltage level (VCC(OFF) = 10.0V typical), the undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit stops device operation, and the device START-UP ICC 3.5mA (TYP) 10μA (TYP) VCC 10.0V (TYP) reverts to the state before startup. 16.2V (TYP) Fig.7-2 Relationship of VCC and ICC at startup and shutdown As shown in fig.7-3, when the start-up fails because VCC terminal voltage drops below VCC(OFF) = 10.0V (TYP), it will be necessary for C2 to use a larger capacitance. As a larger capacitance causes a longer start-up time, it is necessary to Conrol circuit operation start Operation success examine about the problems on actual operations. 7. 1. 2 VCC 16.2V (TYP) 10.0V (TYP) Auxiliary Winding After the device starts normal operation, the voltage from Start-up failure auxiliary winding (D in fig.7-1) becomes a power source to the device. The auxiliary winding voltage needs to be adjusted to time approximately 18V, taking into account the turns ratio of Fig.7-3 VCC behavior at startup Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.10 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE Ver. 2.6 auxiliary winding D, so that VCC terminal voltage becomes: VCC(OFF) = 11.3V(max) < VCC < VCC(OVP) = 26.0 V(min) --- (2) within the limits for input and output deviation. And the bottom point of VCC terminal voltage is recommended 12.5V or higher. In actual power supply circuits, there are cases in which VCC voltage fluctuates in direct proportion to the output of the SMPS (see fig.7-4). This happens because the circuit current of STR-Y6400 series is small, and C2 is charged to a peak by the transient surge voltage that is generated at the moment MOSFET turns off. To alleviate C2 peak charging, lowering the influence on auxiliary winding D of the surge voltage from the primary winding shall be accomplished. It is effective to add some value R2, of several ohms to several tenths of an ohm, in series with D1 (see fig.7-1). The optimal value of R2 shall be determined using a transformer matching the application, because the proportion of VCC voltage versus the transformer output voltage differs according to transformer structural design. The proportion of change between VCC voltage and the SMPS output voltage becomes worse if: ▪ the coupling between the primary winding and the secondary winding of transformer get worse, and/or ▪ the coupling between the auxiliary winding D and the stabilizing output winding (a winding of the circuit that controls a constant voltage) gets worse. Considering the above, extra attention is required for the winding location of auxiliary winding D. Fig.7-5 and 7-6 diagram alternative designs for the location of auxiliary winding D. Fig.7-4 Effect of R2 (see fig.7-1) on the proportion of VCC versus the SMPS output current Fig.7-5 Auxiliary winding D remote from primary winding Px Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Fig.7-6 Auxiliary winding D within a stabilizing output winding, S1 Page.11 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7. 1. 3 Ver. 2.6 Over Voltage Protection When more than OVP threshold voltage of VCC(OVP) = 28.5 V (TYP) occurs between VCC terminal and GND terminal, the OVP function starts operation. It shuts down the device with latch mode. The OVP function can detect overvoltage on the transformer secondary output, because the normal VCC power supply voltage, from the auxiliary winding of transformer, is in proportion to the output voltage. This provides protection in cases such as a circuit open on the secondary side. The secondary side output voltage that initiates OVP operation can be calculated approximately from the following formula: Vout(OVP) [ V ] ≒ 7. 1. 4 V OUT ( normal )[ V ] × 28 .5 [V] ( TYP ) V CC ( normal )[ V ] --- (3) Latch Operation The fault latch function prevents the device from normal switching while OVP, OLP protection functions are in operation. Fig.7-7 shows the transition diagram in OVP operation. When the device switching stops after a protection state is latched, the VCC terminal voltage falls once to VCC(OFF) = 10.0V (TYP). After that, VCC terminal repeats the charge and discharge between VCC(ON) = 16.2V (TYP) and VCC(OFF) = 10.0V (TYP) and prevents VCC voltage excess increase. Releasing the latch is done by dropping VCC voltage below VCC(La.Off) = 7.5V (TYP) (Latch Circuit Release Voltage), which is normally done by shutting off AC input. OVP operation 28.5V (TYP) AC off (Input electrolytic capacitor, C1, voltage falls) Keeping latch operation 16.2V (TYP) Available to re-start 10.0V (TYP) Latch circuit release voltage → Fig.7-7 Transition diagram in OVP operation Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.12 time STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7.2 Ver. 2.6 ADJ (No.7) Terminal ADJ terminal has 5 functions as below. ① Soft start function ② Delay time setting for QR mode switching ③ Delay time setting for auto standby switching ④ Disabling bottom-skip function / Auto standby function ⑤ External ON /OFF control 7.2.1 Soft Start Function The built-in soft start function reduces the voltage and current stresses to MOSFET and secondary diode, during the start-up period. Fig.7-8 shows the peripheral circuit for ADJ terminal and the waveforms of MOSFET drain current ID and ADJ terminal voltage VADJ. C3 between ADJ terminal and GND terminals is charged with IADJ(SS) = −110µA (TYP) (Soft Start Operation Charge Current). The tON period of MOSFET is limited depending on the ADJ terminal voltage. The soft start operation continues until the ADJ terminal voltage reaches VADJ(SS) = 2.3V(TYP) (Soft Start Operation Stop Voltage). For reference, in case that C3 is 0.22µF, the soft start period is about 4.6ms (TYP). VADJ Soft start period VADJ(SSCP)= 2.9V(TYP) ¦ STR-Y6400 ADJ VADJ(SS)= 2.3V(TYP) 7 S/GND 2 Charged with 110uA 110uA C3 time ID OCP limit time Fig.7-8 7.2.2 ADJ terminal peripheral circuit / Soft start operation at start-up VADJ(SSCP) is 2.9V (TYP) on the steady state condition. Delay Time Setting for QR Mode Switching STR-Y6400 series has the delay time setting for the transit between QR and Bottom-skip mode, between 1 bottom-skip and 2 bottom-skip mode. Therefore, the operation in the same mode is available corresponding for frequent dynamic load changes, and the reduction of audible noise from transformer is achieved with this function. The delay time setting is adjusted using the charge time for soft start capacitor, C3, connected to ADJ terminal as shown in fig.7-8. Under the load change, only when OCP terminal voltage reaches VOCP(BSX) (Bottom-skip Operation Threshold Voltage) and continues for a delay time, the operation mode is switched. Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.13 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE Ver. 2.6 In case the load condition returns to the previous condition within a delay time, the operation mode is not switched. As VOCP(BSX) has hysteresis, the same mode is maintained with the hysteresis unless a load change exceeds hysteresis. VADJ Charged with 20uA VADJ(BS)= 4.3V(TYP) The point detected VOCP(BSX) STR-Y6400 ADJ 7 20uA S/GND 2 V ADJ(SSCP)= 2.9V(TYP) Delay time The fixed delay time in which C3 is charged with 20uA from 2.9V to 4.3V. C3 time 1 bottom-skip operation QR operation The operation mode continues in the same mode when VOCP(BSX) detection is cancelled during the fixed delay time. Fig.7-9 Transition diagram under dynamic load change / ADJ terminal peripheral circuit When C3 is 0.22μF, the delay time is about 15.4mS. 7.2.3 Delay Time Setting for Auto Standby Switching STR-Y6400 series has the delay time setting for auto standby switching. It is also implemented in the same manner of the delay time setting for QR mode switching in 7.2.2. Fig.7-10 shows the transition diagram for the switching to auto standby operation. VADJ Charged 110uA Charged with by 110uA VADJ(STB)= 6.2V(TYP) STR-Y6400 ADJ STR-L6400 7 S/GND ADJ 10 2 S/GND 5 Delay time 110uA time 110uA VFB C3 C3 VFB(STBIN) =1.63V(TYP) VFB(STBOP) =1.00V(TYP) time 2 bottom-skip operation Standby operation Fig.7-10 Transition diagram for the switching to auto standby operation In case C3 is 0.22μF, the delay time is about 6.6mS. When the load condition changes lighter from low load condition, the feedback current to FB terminal from the photo-coupler is increasing, and the FB terminal voltage is decreasing. If FB terminal voltage falls below Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.14 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE Ver. 2.6 VFB(STBIN) = 1.63V (TYP) (Standby State Detection Voltage), C3 connected to ADJ terminal starts to be charged with IADJ(SS) = 110µA (TYP) (Soft Start Operation Charging Current). When the ADJ terminal voltage reaches VADJ(STB) = 6.2V (TYP) (Standby State Start Voltage), the device becomes ready to enter into the burst operation mode. If the load becomes heavier again during the delay time and the FB terminal voltage exceeds VFB(STB) = 1.63V (TYP), the device returns to the bottom-skip operation or the QR operation according to the load conditions, without switching to the burst operation mode. When the FB terminal voltage continues decreasing and falls below VFB(STBOP) = 1.0V (TYP) (Standby Operation Threshold Voltage), the burst operation mode starts. In addition, when the TON period reaches TONL(MIN)* / TONH(MIN)* = 1.74µS / 1.09µS (TYP) (Minimum TON period (Normal Operation) / (Minimum TON period (Input Compensation Operation), the feedback current is increasing higher. Therefore, the minimum TON period works for the trigger to enter to standby mode. The burst operation mode cycle varies on the feedback current according to the load conditions. ※ TONL(MIN)* / TONH(MIN)*: Actual Ton period to standby mode depends on input compensation: refer to 7.4.2. 7.2.4 Disabling Bottom-skip Function / Auto Standby Function The bottom-skip function and the auto standby function are disabled by connecting external components to ADJ terminal. Fig.7-11 shows the circuit example for disabling both functions, and fig.7-12 shows only for disabling the auto standby function. 20uA STR-Y6400 ADJ S/GND 2 7 110uA STR-Y6400 ADJ C3 R10 S/GND 2 C3 D3 A zener diode of Vz= 5.6V A resistor of around 100kΩ Fig.7-11 Circuit disabling both functions of bottom-skip and auto standby 7 Fig.7-12 Circuit disabling only auto standby function Disabling Bottom-skip Function During bottom-skip operation, the ADJ terminal charges C3 with IADJ(BS) = −20µA (TYP) (Bottom-skip State Detection Bias Current). By connecting a resistor, R10, in parallel with C3 and limiting the terminal voltage increase, the bottom-skip function is disabled. As shown in fig.7-11, by connecting R10 of around 100KΩ, the bottom-skip function is disabled because ADJ terminal voltage is limited at 2V (= 20µA × 100kΩ), which is lower than VADJ(BS) = 3.8V (MIN) (Bottom-skip Operation Start Voltage). Disabling Auto Standby Function To start the burst operation mode, the ADJ terminal voltage shall reach higher than VADJ(STB) = 6.2V (TYP). However, by connecting a zener diode of VZ = 5.6V, D3, in parallel with C3, the auto standby function is disabled because ADJ terminal voltage is limited under VADJ(STB) = 6.2V (TYP). In this case, the voltage difference between VZ = 5.6V and VADJ(BS) = 4.3V (TYP) is not enough. It is necessary to take care of the zener voltage accuracy and select the proper zener diode rank. Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.15 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7.2.5 Ver. 2.6 External ON / OFF Control The ADJ terminal has the remote ON / OFF control function by applying the external signal. By increasing ADJ terminal voltage to VADJ(OFF) = 9.4V (TYP) (Power-off Threshold Voltage) and over, the device is stopped (OFF). Fig.7-13 shows the typical circuit example, the external power supply (12−16V) provides ADJ terminal with more than VADJ(OFF) through R11 (10k – 30KΩ) and a photo-coupler when the photo-coupler turns on by the external signal. And also by continuing to apply the higher voltage than VADJ(OFF), the device holds OFF state. In this example, if the ON state is activated from the OFF state by turning off the photo-coupler, the operation always starts from discharging the soft start capacitor. As a result, when the ON signal is applied, the ON state begins after the soft start period. External power supply For example, 12∼16V VADJ R11 For example, 10k∼33kΩ VADJ(OFF) = 9.4V(TYP) VADJ(SSCP)= 2.9V(TYP) PC2 STR-Y6400 ON ADJ 7 S/GND 2 C3 OFF ON time ID time Fig.7-13 Typical circuit for external ON / OFF control On the circuit design like the above, as the maximum rating of ADJ terminal sink current is = 3.0mA (MAX), the R11 value shall be calculated using the external power supply voltage and ADJ terminal current(below 3mA). Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.16 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7.3 Ver. 2.6 FB (No. 4) Terminal FB terminal has 3 functions: ① Output voltage control ② Overload protection (OLP) ③ Burst operation control for standby mode 7.3.1 ⇒ Refer 7.6 Standby Operation Constant Output Voltage Control The constant output voltage control is achieved by connecting a photo-coupler to FB terminal and sinking the feedback current. Fig.7-14 shows the peripheral circuit of FB terminal. As the maximum feedback current, IFB(MAX), is –315µA (MIN), the forward current of photo-coupler on secondary side shall be set in consideration of aging degradation of CTR(Current Transfer Ratio) and others. STR-Y6400 phase compensation FB 4 PC1 R4 S/GND 2 Normal setting (OLP: Latch shutdown) C5 C6 CR for OLP latch delay timing setting Vz=8.2V STR-Y6400 Option 1 (OLP: Auto restart) phase compensation FB 4 S/GND 2 PC1 R4 D4 C5 C6 CR for OLP latch delay timing setting 220kΩ STR-Y6400 phase compensation FB 4 S/GND 2 PC1 R12 Fig.7-14 Option 2 (OLP: Disabling both functions) C6 FB terminal peripheral circuit / OLP operation mode selection ＊As for the values of resistance (R4) and capacitance (C5) for latch delay, generally, around 47kΩ and 4.7µF-10µF are recommended, respectively. The OLP function shall not activate on transient condition (power on and power off), but activate on overload condition. The delay time for OLP shall be adjusted by C5 value when it is shorter. ＊The capacitance (C6) for phase compensation shall be adjusted in the range of 470pF to 0.022µF. (Refer to 7.8, for the detail.) Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.17 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7.3.2 Ver. 2.6 Overload Protection (OLP) Function Fig.7-15 shows the transition diagram in OLP operation. When the secondary output is in overload and the overcurrent protection function is activated on primary side, the output voltage decreases. As a result, the secondary error amplifies is cut-off and the feedback current from the photo-coupler is eliminated. At this time, the FB terminal is charged with IFB(OLP) = −20µA (TYP) (OLP Bias Current) during the latch delay time. If the FB terminal voltage reaches VFB(OLPAUTO) = 6.7V (TYP) (OLP Auto-restart Threshold Voltage), the OLP function starts and the oscillation stops. During this period, the VCC terminal voltage decreases. However, after the FB terminal voltage reaches VFB(OLPAUTO) = 6.7V (TYP), the internal bias is switched to IFB(OLPLa.OFF) = −1.0mA(TYP) (OLP Latch-off Bias Current). As a result, the FB terminal voltage rapidly reaches VFB(OLPLa.OFF) = 9.6V (TYP) (OLP Latch-off Threshold Voltage) and the device enters into the latch mode, before VCC terminal voltage falls below VCC(OFF) = 10.0V (TYP) (Operation Stop Voltage). The typical circuit of this operation is shown in the normal setting (OLP: Latch Shutdown) in fig.7-14. Latch shutdown VFB 9.6V(TYP) VFB(OLPLa.OFF) Charged with -1.0mA(TYP) in VFB > 6.7V(TYP) VFB(OLPAUTO) ΔV Charged with -20μA(TYP) tdly VFB(MAX) time Fig.7-15 Transition diagram in OLP operation There is the relative relation between VFB(OLPAUTO) and VFB(MAX), and the difference voltage, ΔV, between them is around 1V verified by design. The tdly charged with −20μA can be calculated approximately from the following formula: tdly ≒ 7.3.2-1 1V × C 5 --- (4) 20uA Overload Protection (OLP) Function with Auto-restart The transition diagram of OLP function with auto-restart is shown in fig.7-16. The circuit in "Option 1" in fig.7-14 is for this function with auto-restart. A zener diode of VZ = 8.2V, D4, is placed between FB terminal and GND terminal, limiting FB terminal voltage not to reach VFB(OLPLa.OFF) = 9.6V (TYP). As a result, the intermittent operation starts under the overload condition. When the overload condition is released, the auto-restart is available. As shown in fig.7-16, after the FB terminal voltage reaches VFB(OLPAUTO) = 6.7V (TYP), the oscillation stops. Then the VCC terminal voltage decreases and the auto-restart operation starts. In this operation, as the start-up current decreases to ICC(STARTOLP) = −0.5mA (TYP) (Start-up Current after OLP Operation), the oscillation stop period is extended and the heat generation at switching elements is reduced. Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.18 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE Ver. 2.6 As ICC decreases to ICC(STARTOLP), the OFF period is extended. time Reduce the start-up current to ICC(STARTOLP) at OCP function Fig.7-16 Transition diagram in auto-restart operation 7.3.2-2 Disabling OLP Function The circuit in "Option 2" in fig.7-14 is for disabling OLP function. When R12 (220KΩ or lower ) is placed between FB terminal and GND terminal, IFB(OLP) = −20µA (TYP) (OLP Bias Current) flows through R12, and the FB terminal voltage does not reach VFB(OLPAUTO) = 6.7V (TYP). Then the OLP functions (both of the latch operation and the auto-restart operation) are disabled. When the OLP function is disabled, the output characteristics shall be constant power. Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.19 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7.4 Ver. 2.6 BD (No 5) Terminal BD terminal has two separated functions. ① Turn-on timing determination by flyback voltage (plus voltage) of auxiliary winding ② Input compensation by forward voltage (minus voltage) of auxiliary winding 7. 4. 1 Bottom-on Timing (QR Signal) The bottom-on function* is maintained, not only in the QR mode, but else in the bottom-skip mode. ※Bottom-on Function*: To reduce the switching losses at MOSFET turn-on, by turning-on at each bottom point of VDS waveform of MOSFET. Fig.7-17 shows the peripheral circuit for BD terminal and auxiliary winding voltage. After limiting the current of plus side (fly-back side) waveform generated on auxiliary winding by R3(RBD), the plus side voltage is input to BD terminal. T1 D1 C2 R2 Flyback voltage D R3 (R BD ) Plus side O V BD Forward voltage 5 Minus side STR-Y6400 S/GND 2 T ON Waveform of auxiliary winding Fig.7-17 BD terminal peripheral circuit and auxiliary winding voltage By clamping BD terminal voltage internally, the voltage shown in fig.7-18 (example: QR mode under heavy load) is input to BD terminal. During this voltage is input, MOSFET TOFF period continues. After that, the BD terminal voltage falls. When the falling is detected at VBD(TH2) = 0.15V (TYP) (Quasi-resonant Operation Threshold Voltage 2), MOSFET is turned-on. After the detection of the falling, the BD terminal threshold voltage is set to VBD(TH1) = 0.31V (TYP) (Quasi-resonant Operation Threshold Voltage 1), to prevent malfunctions. Normal waveform Unfavorable waveform V BD(HC)= V BD(TH1)= VBD(TH2)= 6.3V(TYP) 0.31V(TYP) 0.15V(TYP) V BD(HC)= 6.3V(TYP) V BD(TH1)= 0.31V(TYP) VBD(TH2)= 0.15V(TYP) 0V 0V BD terminal blanking time 1.0uS(TYP) Fig.7-18 BD terminal voltage in QR operation Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Fig.7-19 BD terminal voltage using a poor coupling transformer Page.20 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE Ver. 2.6 Fig.7-19 shows the BD terminal waveform using a transformer with poor coupling. For example, if the turn ratio (P/S) of primary and secondary winding is large (such as in the low-voltage and high current output specifications), a surge voltage may be generated on BD terminal voltage through auxiliary winding at MOSFET turning-off. As BD terminal blanking time (1.0μS(TYP)) is implemented, the QR signal is not detected during this time. If the surge is applied beyond the blanking time, the MOSFET may be switched with high frequency by the detection of ringing voltage as the QR signal. In this case, the MOSFET loss shall be excessive. If the channel temperature exceeds the maximum rating, the MOSFET destruction is caused. When the high frequency operation occurs, it is necessary to examine the pattern layout (between BD terminal and GND terminal), the transformer design (structure of primary – secondary windings and position of auxiliary winding), the snubber circuit adjustment, the probe position of oscilloscope and others. Due to the inherent delay at BD terminal, if R3(RBD) value is too large, the turn-on timing shall be delayed as shown in fig.7-20. As R3(RBD) value is relating to the input compensation of overcurrent protection (OCP) and the input compensation of standby, R3(RBD) value shall be adjusted on actual operations referring the following 7.4.2. VDS Turn-on timing is delayed VDS Bottom point Bottom point ID ID The turn-on timing is delayed from the bottom point of VDS waveform due to a large RBD. The ideal “bottom-on”: the turn-on timing is at the bottom point of VDS waveform. Fig.7-20 7. 4. 2 Waveform Examples at Bottom Point with / without Delay OCP Input Compensation / Standby Input Compensation by R3(RBD) The switching between VOCP(H) / VOCP(L) (Over Current Detection Threshold Voltage), between TONH(MIN) / TONL(MIN) (Minimum TON period) (threshold for standby operation) is achieved by detecting the current which is determined by forward voltage of auxiliary winding and R3(RBD). The switching is done using the same detection threshold value of IBD(TH1) = − 500µA (TYP) (Input Compensation Detection Threshold Current 1). 7.4.2-1 OCP Input Compensation When the QR mode converter is used in a universal input voltage range, the peak drain current varies because the operating frequency and the input voltage vary (The drain peak current decreases in the higher input voltage range.) Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.21 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE Ver. 2.6 As the value of OCP detection resistor, R1 (ROCP), is fixed, the above influence causes that the OCP operation point shifts to the more overload side in the higher input voltage range. Comparing with the OCP operation point, which is adjusted under the condition of the minimum input voltage of AC100V range and the maximum load, the operation point in AC230V range shall shift around double. To suppress this phenomenon, the OCP threshold voltage is possible to be switched, by sinking the current more than 500µA (TYP) from BD terminal through R3 (RBD) during the TON period, using the forward (minus) voltage of auxiliary winding shown in fig.7-17. The OCP threshold voltage is switched as shown below: ① VOCP(H): −0.930V (TYP) when the current through RBD is below 500µA (TYP) during TON period ② VOCP(L): −0.780V (TYP) when the current through RBD is above 500µA (TYP) during TON period ＊ On usual R3(RBD) design, the OCP operation point shall be VOCP(H) in AC100V input range, and VOCP(L) in AC230V input range. [Reference Example] In case of: AC85V - AC264V universal input, 18V / 80W output QR mode converter ･Transformer winding: Np: 70T (Lp = 480μH), NS (18V): 9T ・Auxiliary winding D: 10T (equivalent to 20V) ・For input compensation around AC160V, the forward voltage is; 160 2 × (10 T / 70 T ) = 32 .32 V ・To flow 500µA at 32.32V, R3(RBD)= 32.32V / 500µA= 64.64kΩ → 62kΩ shall be selected in the E12 / E24 series (Although the impedance between BD terminal and GND terminal gives influence actually, the approximate value shall be calculated.) ・The maximum absolute rating of BD terminal is ±2mA. When R3(RBD) is 62kΩ, the current at the minus side on the auxiliary winding voltage in fig.7-17 is −860µA at maximum input voltage, and the current at the plus side is 221µA because of 20V output (auxiliary winding voltage ) and 6.3V (BD terminal clamp voltage). Both of them are confirmed to be within the above range. 7.4.2-2 Standby Input Compensation As described in 7.2.3, the minimum TON period works for the trigger to enter to standby mode. For universal input operation, the TON period at entering to standby shall be largely different depending on the input conditions. Even if the auto standby is achieved in AC230V input range, the auto standby shall not achieved due to the wider TON period in AC100V input range, under the same load conditions. In order to prevent this phenomenon, the minimum TON period compensation for entering to standby is implemented. For universal input design, it is recommended the compensation shall be effective around AC140 – AC160V. Under the load condition to change the mode like standby ⇔ 2 bottom-skip, the TON period shall be detected to be the following width, in addition to the conditions described in 7.2.3. ① TONL(MIN): 1.74µs when the current through RBD is below 500µA (TYP) during TON period --- AC100V input range ② TONH(MIN): 1.09µs when the current through RBD is above 500µA (TYP) during TON period --- AC230V input range Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.22 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7. 5 Ver. 2.6 OCP (No. 6) Terminal and Bottom-skip Operation 7.5.1 Connection of OCP Terminal The Overcurrent Protection (OCP) circuit detects each drain peak current level (on a pulse-by-pulse basis) of MOSFET with a OCP detection resistor, R1 (ROCP), and limits the output power of the power supply. The external circuit is shown in fig.7-21. At the OCP detection, the leading edge blanking (LEB) function works. During TON(LEB) = 375ns (TYP) (Leading Edge Blanking Time), the OCP detection is disabled preventing the unstable oscillations. When coupling capacitance of transformer, drain voltage at MOSFET turning-on, resonance capacitor are higher or the bottom detection is improper, the surge current at MOSFET turning-on may occur like the right side in fig.7-22. If the surge voltage of turn-on portion, which is beyond TON(LEB) = 375ns (TYP), reaches the OCP terminal voltage (the control value) determined by FB terminal voltage, the oscillation may be unstable. When this phenomena occurs, an external filter with a resistor and a capacitor shown on the lower side in fig.7-21 is recommended. In case of a larger filter resistor, the overcurrent may vary largely, due to the influence of IOCP(O) = −130µA (TYP) (OCP Terminal Source Current) and longer response time. Considering the above, the recommended values are approximately 100Ω and 220pF, respectively. Generally, a filter circuit is unnecessary, STR-Y6400 because of the implemented LEB. S/GND 2 OCP 6 R1 A filter circuit is recommended in case LEB does not work properly due STR-Y6400 S/GND 2 to a higher surge current at turn-on. OCP 6 around 220pF R1 around 100Ω Fig.7-21 Typical examples for OCP terminal peripheral circuit VV OCP OCP Surge voltage on R1(ROCP)generated by surge current at turn-on In case of small influence of surge voltage at turn-on VOCP TON(LEB) In case of large influence of surge voltage at turn-on Fig.7-22 Waveforms of OCP Terminal Voltage Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.23 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7.5.2 Ver. 2.6 Bottom-skip Operation The bottom-skip operation with multi-mode control is available. The function is to switch between QR operation (under heavy load) and bottom-skip operation (under middle or light load) according to the secondary load condition by detecting the drain current (actually OCP terminal voltage). Fig.7-23 and 7-24 show the transition diagrams from no load to heavy load, from heavy load to no load, respectively. The multi-mode control changes the modes like standby mode ⇔ 2-bottom-skip mode ⇔ 1-Bottom-skip mode ⇔ QR mode. In actual operations, there are delay time settings for rapid load changes described in 7.2.2 and 7.2.3. However, VOCP fig.7-23 and 7-24 are shown just the conceptual diagrams, and such delays are omitted. VOCP(BS2) -0.435V Standby VOCP(BS1) -0.668V 2 Skip VOCP(L) -0.78V 1 Skip QR No load Heavy load Fig.7-23 Transition diagram from no load to heavy load VOCP VFB(STBOP) = 1V, TON = TONL(MIN) or TONH(MIN) VOCP(L) -0.78V VOCP(BS2) -0.435V 1 Skip QR VOCP(BS3) -0.145V 2 Skip Standby Heavy load No load Fig.7-24 Transition diagram from heavy load to no load As the hysteresis is implemented for each mode switching of the increasing / decreasing load transitions, the oscillation is stable near the switching thresholds and the mode switching is achieved stably. Fig.7-25 shows the switching hysteresis for each mode switching. Fig.7-25 Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.24 Hysteresis for each mode switching STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7.6 Ver. 2.6 Standby Operation FB Terminal Voltage during Standby As described in 7.2.3, the conditions for entering to standby mode are: z When the ADJ terminal voltage reaches VADJ(STB) = 6.2V (TYP) (Standby State Start Voltage), the device becomes ready to enter into the burst operation. z When the FB terminal voltage falls below VFB(STBOP) = 1.0V (TYP) (Standby Operation Threshold Voltage), the burst operation mode starts. Under light load condition, when the TON period reaches TONL(MIN)/ TONH(MIN) = 1.74µS / 1.09µS (TYP) (Minimum TON period (Normal Operation) / (Minimum TON period (Input Compensation Operation), the feedback current is increasing higher. Therefore, the minimum TON period works for the trigger to enter to standby mode. As described in 7.4.2-2, when the input compensation is effective, the minimum TON period shall be automatically switched; TONL(MIN) = 1.74µS (TYP) in AC100V input range or 1.09µS (TYP) in AC230V input range. Fig.7-26 shows the standby operation. During the standby operation, the burst operation mode repeats between oscillation-stop mode and 2-bottom-skip mode. In the burst operation mode, the energy supply from auxiliary winding synchronizes with the energy supply to the output. As a result, the ripple may be generated on VCC terminal voltage due to burst operation. If the VCC terminal voltage falls below VCC(OFF) = 11.3V (MAX) (Operation Stop Voltage), some adjustments, such as increasing the C2 value between VCC terminal and S /GND terminal, are necessary to stabilize the VCC terminal voltage. VCC ↑UVLO: VCC(OFF)= 11.3V(MAX) ID Non-oscillation period Non-oscillation period Oscillation period → Fig.7-26 7.7 Oscillation period → time time Waveform in Standby Operation Maximum ON Time Limitation Function During low input voltage or the transition operation Maximum On time ID such as power supply ON/OFF, the maximum TON period is limited to be TON(MAX) = 36µsec (TYP) (Maximum TON period) (refer to fig.7-27). VDS On the power supply design, the confirmation about MOSFET TON period is necessary, under the condition with minimum input voltage and maximum load time condition. Fig.7-27 Maximum TON period confirmation Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.25 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 7.8 Ver. 2.6 Phase Compensation Fig.7-28 shows the circuit diagram for the secondary error amplifier, using a general shunt regulator. As for the phase compensation capacitor, C8, the capacitance shall be adjusted in the range of 0.047 – 0.47µF, and finally determined on actual operations. In case the load specification is not general, the phase compensation on secondary error amplifier is not enough due to the larger ripples on rectifier capacitor, or the operation is not stable due to the noises to FB terminal, it is recommended to place a capacitor, C6, between FB terminal and GND terminal shown in fig.7-29. As for C6, the capacitance shall be adjusted in the range of 470pF to 0.022µF and finally determined on actual operations. L2 T1 D2 R5 OUTPUT PC1 STR-Y6400 R8 R7 S C9 R10 Z2 FB S/GND 2 C8 C7 phase compensation R9 4 PC1 R4 C5 C6 CR for OLP latch delay timing setting Normal setting (OLP: Latch shutdown) GND Fig.7-28 Peripheral circuit around secondary shunt regulator Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Fig.7-29 Page.26 FB terminal peripheral circuit STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE 8. Ver. 2.6 Design Notes 8. 1 External Components Please take care to use properly rated, including derating as necessary, and proper type of components. ▪ Input and output electrolytic capacitors. Apply proper derating against ripple current, voltage, and temperature rise. Use of high ripple current and low impedance types, designed for switch mode power supplies, is recommended. ▪ Transformer. Apply proper derating against core temperature rise from core loss and copper loss. ▪ Current sensing resistor R1 (ROCP). A high frequency switching current flows to R1 (ROCP), and may cause poor operation if a high inductance resistor is used. Choose a low inductance and surge-proof type. 8. 2 Component Layout and Trace Design PCB circuit trace design and component layout affect proper functioning during operation, EMI noise, and power dissipation. Therefore, where high frequency current traces form a loop, as in fig.8-1, wide, short patterns and small circuit loops are important. In addition, local GND and earth ground traces affect radiated EMI noise, thus the same measures should be taken into account. Switching mode power supplies consist of current traces of high frequency and high voltage, thus trace design and component layouts should be done to comply with all safety guidelines. Fig.8-1 High frequency current loops (hatched areas) Furthermore, in the case where a MOSFET is being used as the switching device, take into account the positive thermal coefficient of RDS(on) when preparing a thermal design. (1) S/GND terminal to R1 (ROCP) to C1 to T1 [winding P] to D/ST terminal Trace Layout This is the main circuit containing the switching current, and thus it should be as wide and as short as possible. In case the distance between C1 and the device is lengthy, an isolation capacitor near the device or the transformer is recommended. The capacitors may be either electrolytic or film type capacitors, 0.1 µF, in the range considered maximum input voltage. (2) S/GND terminal to C2 to T1 [winding D] to R2 to D1 to C2 to VCC terminal Trace Layout This circuit also needs to be as wide and short as possible. In case the distance between C2 and the device is not short, placing a 0.1 µF / 50 V film capacitor between VCC and S/OCP terminals is recommended. (3) R1 (ROCP) Trace Layout Place R1 (ROCP) as close as possible to S/GND terminal. There should be a single connection (A in fig.8-2) between the power pattern and the control circuit pattern, and a single connection (B in fig.8-2) between the power pattern and the OCP terminal pattern close to R1 (ROCP), in order to reduce the common impedance of the pattern and to avoid interference from the switching current to the control circuit. Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Page.27 STR-Y6400 APPLICATION NOTE Ver. 2.6 D2 P C1 STR-Y6400 R2 D1 1 D/Startup 3 VCC Z1 BD 5 R3(R BD ) 4 ADJ 7 C7 D C2 Cont. FB C10 (C V) S T1 R4 S/GND A 2 Power Control OCP 6 R1 (ROCP) C3 C4 C5 C6 PC1 B C11 Fig.8-2 Copy Right: SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. External component layout Page.28