Data Sheet

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Data Sheet: Advance Information
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet
Low power, high-performance 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4
compliant transceiver with connectivity
MCR20AVHM
Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
MCR20AVHM
The MCR20AVHM transceiver is a low power, high-performance
2.4 GHz, IEEE 802.15.4 compliant transceiver with connectivity
to a broad range of microcontrollers, including the Kinetis family
of products.
The MCR20AVHM transceiver (throughout this document called
MCR20A) enables development of proprietary and standard
802.15.4 based communication protocols such as SMAC,
IEEE802.15.4 PHY-MAC, Thread, ZigBeePRO, RF4CE, and
others.
32 LGA
5 x 5 mm
Typical applications include Home Area Networks consisting of
meters, gateways, in-home displays, and connected appliances,
and also networked building control, home automation applications with lighting control, HVAC, and security
and remote controls for home entertainment products.
Transceiver Performance
Radio peripherals
• 2.4 GHz (2360 to 2480 MHz) covers ISM band
• 24-bit event timer with interrupts
• Fractional-N PLL supports 1 MHz and 5 MHz channels
• Eight (8) software programmable GPIOs
• 250 kbps data rate
• Control port for antenna diversity mode or external
• OQPSK modulation
PA and LNA
• Programmable output power
Microcontroller Interface
• -102 dBm RX sensitivity
• Programmable frequency clock output (CLK_OUT)
Standards
• SPI command channel and interface
• 802.15.4 Compliant Transceiver
• Interrupt request output
• Thread, IPv6-6LoWPAN
Operating Characteristics
Transceiver Features
• 1.8 V to 3.6 V operating voltage
• Hardware acceleration for IEEE 802.15.4 2006 packet
• 17mA TX, 19mA RX, < 1mA idle/doze, < 1uA
processing
hybernate typical current
• Support for Dual PAN mode
• operational temperature range : –40°C to +105°C
• Onboard trim of reference crystal
Physical Characteristics
• 128-byte RAM data buffer
• RoHS compliant, 5 mm x 5 mm, 32-pin MLGA
• Low-power operating modes with single SPI command
package
device wake-up
• Small RF footprint, low component count
• On-chip voltage regulators
• Clear Channel Assessment, Energy Detect, Link
Quality Indicator
© 2013–2015 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ordering Information
MCR20AVHM
-40 deg C to +105 deg C
MLGA-32
IEEE 802.15.4 - 2.4 GHz ISM Band
ANT_B
ANT_A
FAD/FEM &
General Purpose
Digital Output
TX_SWITCH
RX_SWITCH
R_MISO
Description
IRQ_B
CLK_OUT
Package
RST_B
Operating Temp Range (TA)
R_MOSI
R_SCLK
R_SSEL_B
Device
MCU Interface
Demod
RSSI
AGC
RF_OUTN
RF PHY
&
MAC
Controller
RX Controller
RX
RF_OUTP
TX & PLL
Control
XTAL_32M
Dividers
EXTAL_32M
Regulators & Bias
VBAT
VBAT_2
VDD_PA
GPIO1-8
8
POR
XCO
VDD_IF
GPIO
Loop Filter
VDD_RF
PLL & Tx
VDD_REGD
PA
Figure 1. MCR20A Transceiver Simplified Block Diagram
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Table of Contents
1 Transceiver Description.......................................................4
1.1 RF interface and usage..............................................4
1.1.1 Radio to MCU interface..................................4
1.1.2 Clock output feature.......................................6
1.2 Transceiver Functions................................................7
1.2.1 Receive.......................................................... 7
1.2.2 Transmit......................................................... 7
1.2.3 PLL Synthesizer.............................................7
1.2.4 Low power preamble search (LPPS)............. 8
1.2.5 Clear channel assessment (CCA), energy
detection (ED), and link quality indicator
2
3
4
5
(LQI)...............................................................8
1.2.6 IEEE 802.15.4 acceleration hardware........... 12
1.2.7 Packet processor........................................... 13
1.2.8 Packet buffering............................................. 14
1.3 Dual PAN ID...............................................................15
System and power management.........................................16
2.1 Modes of operation.................................................... 16
2.2 Power management...................................................17
Radio Peripherals................................................................17
3.1 Clock output (CLK_OUT)........................................... 17
3.2 General-purpose input output (GPIO)........................18
3.2.1 Serial peripheral interface (SPI).....................19
3.2.2 Antenna diversity........................................... 20
3.2.3 RF Output Power Distribution........................ 21
Serial peripheral interface (SPI).......................................... 22
MCR20A Operating Modes................................................. 25
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
6 MCR20A Electrical Characteristics..................................... 26
6.1 Maximum ratings........................................................26
6.2 Radio recommended operating conditions................ 26
6.3 Ratings.......................................................................27
6.3.1 Thermal handling ratings............................... 27
6.3.2 Moisture handling ratings...............................27
6.3.3 ESD handling ratings..................................... 27
7 AC electrical characteristics................................................ 28
8 Nonswitching electrical specifications................................. 28
8.1 EMC radiated emissions operating behaviors........... 28
8.2 Designing with radiated emissions in mind................ 29
8.3 Capacitance attributes............................................... 29
9 Thermal specifications.........................................................29
9.1 Thermal operating requirements................................29
10 Transceiver Electrical Characteristics................................. 30
10.1 DC electrical characteristics.......................................30
10.2 AC electrical characteristics.......................................30
10.3 SPI timing: R_SSEL_B to R_SCLK........................... 32
10.4 SPI timing: R_SCLK to R_MOSI and R_MISO.......... 32
11 Crystal oscillator reference frequency................................. 33
11.1 Crystal oscillator design considerations.....................33
11.2 Crystal requirements..................................................33
12 Pin Diagrams and Pin Assignments.................................... 34
12.1 Pin assignments.........................................................34
12.2 Pin function table....................................................... 35
13 Dimensions..........................................................................37
13.1 Obtaining package dimensions..................................37
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Transceiver Description
1 Transceiver Description
The MCR20A transceiver consists of a receiver, a PLL local oscillator and a
transmitter, along with regulators and control logic to tie it all together. The receiver
portion performs with up to -102 dBm sensitivity, up to 58 dBm channel rejection, with
a receive current as low as 15 mA in low-power preamble search mode. The fractionalN PLL local oscillator enables coverage with small tuning steps over the 2.4 GHz band.
While the transmit portion is capable of up to +8 dBm maximum output power, the
current consumption is minimized with a typical transmit current of 17 mA at the 0
dBm output power setting.
1.1 RF interface and usage
The RF output ports are bidirectional (diplexed between receive/transmit modes) and
differential enabling interfaces with numerous off-chip devices such as a balun. When
using a balun, the MCR20A transceiver provides an interface to directly connect
between a single-ended antenna and the RF ports. In addition, the MCR20A transceiver
provides four output driver ports that can have both drive strength and slew rate
configured to control external peripheral devices. These signals designated as ANT_A,
ANT_B, RX_SWITCH, and TX_SWITCH when enabled are switched via an internal
hardware state machine.
1.1.1 Radio to MCU interface
An array of microcontrollers can be supported through the use of dedicated I/Os that
route from the package.
This figure shows the interconnection of the MCR20A transceiver and a generic MCU.
The MCR20A Reference Manual provides more detailed information describing the
functionality and connections between the radio and MCU.
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MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Transceiver Description
SPI
MCR20A
SCLK
/SEL
/SEL
MISO
MISO
MOSI
R_MOSI
RST_B
RST_B
GPIO/IRQ
IRQ
IRQ_B
GPIO/CLK
CLK
CLK_OUT
SPI - Master
SCLK
MOSI
GPIO/RST_B
R_SCLK
R_SSEL_B
R_MISO
SPI - Slave
Microcontroller
Figure 2. MCU to MCR20A block diagram
1.1.1.1
SPI interface
Microcontroller communication with the MCR20A transceiver is through a 4-wire
serial peripheral interface (SPI). Exclusive access to the MCR20A transceiver's
register set and packet buffer is provided by the SPI. For specific SPI interface
information refer to the SPI section.
1.1.1.2
IRQ management
The MCR20A transceiver has up to 14 individual sources of interrupt requests to the
MCU (see Table 2). These are all capable of individual control, and are logically ORcombined to drive a single, active low, interrupt request pin (IRQ_B) to the external
MCU. Features supported are:
• The IRQ_B pin can be configured as actively-driven high or open-drain.
• Each interrupt source has its own interrupt status bit in the MCR20A transceiver's
direct register space.
• Each interrupt can be individually controlled by an interrupt mask—The IRQ is
issued when the mask is cleared to 0.
• There is also a global interrupt mask, TRCV_MSK, which can enable or disable
all IRQ_B assertions by programming a single masking bit.
• All status bits use a write-1-to-clear protocol—interrupt status bits are not
affected by reads.
• IRQ_B will remain asserted until all active interrupt sources are cleared or
masked.
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Transceiver Description
Table 1. IRQ sources
MCR20A interrupt sources
SEQIRQ
TXIRQ
RXIRQ
CCAIRQ
RXWTRMRKIRQ
FILTERFAIL_IRQ
PLL_UNLOCK_IRQ
WAKE_IRQ
PB_ERR_IRQ
AES_IRQ
TMR1IRQ
TMR2IRQ
TMR3IRQ
TMR4IRQ
Any or all of the interrupt sources, can be enabled to cause an assertion on IRQ_B.
1.1.1.3
Memory map and registers
Numerous register bits are provided to control interrupt behavior within the MCR20A
transceiver. Detailed information for memory map and registers is located in the
MCR20A Reference Manual.
1.1.2 Clock output feature
The CLK_OUT digital output can be enabled to drive the system clock to the MCU.
This provides a highly accurate clock source based on the transceiver reference
oscillator. The clock is programmable over a wide range of frequencies divided down
from the reference 32 MHz (see Table 4). The frequency of CLK_OUT will be
determined by the state of the GPIO5/BOPT (boot option) pin. If this pin is low upon
POR, then the frequency will be 4 MHz (32 MHz/8). If this pin is high upon POR
(GPIO5 has a pullup resistor) then the frequency will be 32.78689 kHz (32 MHz/976).
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MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Transceiver Functions
1.2 Transceiver Functions
1.2.1 Receive
The receiver has the functionality to operate in either normal run state or low power
run state that can be considered as a partial power down mode. Low power run state
can save a considerable amount of current by duty-cycling some sections of the
receiver lineup during preamble search and is referred to as low power preamble
search mode (LPPS).
The radio receiver path is based upon a near zero IF (NZIF) architecture incorporating
front end amplification, one mixed-signal down conversion to IF that is
programmably filtered, demodulated, and digitally processed. The RF front end (FE)
input port is differential and shares the same off-chip matching network with the
transmit path.
1.2.2 Transmit
The MCR20A transceiver transmits OQPSK modulation adjusting power and channel
selection determined by the user's application. After the channel of operation is
determined, coarse and fine tuning is executed within the Frac-N PLL to engage
signal lock. After signal lock is established, the modulated buffered signal is then
routed to a multi-stage amplifier for transmission. The differential signals at the output
of the PA (RFOUTP, RFOUTN) are converted as single ended (SE) signals with offchip components as required.
1.2.3 PLL Synthesizer
The MCR20A Phase Locked Loop synthesizer provides a signal to either the transmit
PA or the receive mixer. The reference is derived from the (typically 32 MHz) crystal
oscillator. The PLL divider is a Fractional-N type with a step size of Fref/65536 or
488Hz with a 32 MHz reference.
After the channel of operation is determined, coarse and fine tuning is executed within
the Fractional-N PLL to engage signal lock. After signal lock is established, the
modulated buffered signal is then routed to a multi-stage amplifier for transmission.
Unlock detect circuitry drives an abort of the transceiver sequence in the event of
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Transceiver Functions
abnormal behavior and asserts an interrupt. Modulation is performed inside the PLL
during transmit and the modulated signal is routed to the PA. This signal is not
modulated in receive and the carrier routed to the receive mixer.
1.2.4 Low power preamble search (LPPS)
The MCR20A transceiver provides a unique low power preamble search (LPPS) in the
receive mode operation. A summary of this mode of operation when selected is
described as follows:
• Whenever a receive cycle is initiated, the receiver is not turned fully on to save
current until receive energy of a preset level is detected.
• The receiver will turn fully on only when triggered by energy at a pre-determined
preset level thus enabling reception of the expected frame. Afterwards, the receiver
will begin operating in the full-on state that is considered to be the same as the
standard receive state.
• The preset level can be programmed for various receiver input power levels.
Use of the LPPS mode provides two distinct advantages:
• Reduced “listen” mode current—The receive current is significantly reduced while
waiting for a frame. If a node is a coordinator, router, or gateway and it spends a
significant percentage of its RF-active time waiting for incoming frames from
clients or other devices, the net power savings can be significant.
• Reduced sensitivity as a desired effect—The LPPS mode provides different levels
of reduced sensitivity. If a node operates in a densely populated area, it may be
desirable to de-sensitize the receiver such that the device does not respond to
incoming frames with an energy level below the desired threshold. This could be
useful for security, net efficiency, reduced noise triggering, and many other
purposes.
1.2.5 Clear channel assessment (CCA), energy detection (ED), and
link quality indicator (LQI)
The MCR20A transceiver supports three clear channel assessment (CCA) modes of
operation including energy detection (ED) and link quality indicator (LQI).
Functionality for each of these modes is as follows.
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MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Transceiver Functions
1.2.5.1
CCA mode 1
CCA mode 1 has two functions:
• To estimate the energy in the received baseband signal. This energy is estimated
based on the receiver signal strength indicator (RSSI).
• To determine whether the energy is greater than a set threshold.
The estimate of the energy can also be used as the link quality metric. In CCA mode
1, the MCR20A transceiver must warm-up from idle to receive mode where RSSI
averaging takes place.
1.2.5.2
CCA mode 2
CCA mode 2 detects whether there is any 802.15.4 signal transmitting in the
frequency band that an 802.15.4 transmitter intends to transmit. From the definition of
CCA mode 2 in the 802.15.4 standard, the requirement is to detect an 802.15.4
complied signal. Whether the detected energy is strong or not is not important for
CCA mode 2.
1.2.5.3
CCA mode 3
CCA mode 3 as defined by the 802.15.4 standard is implemented using a logical
combination of CCA mode 1 and CCA mode 2. Specifically, CCA mode 3 operates in
one of two operating modes:
• CCA mode 3 is asserted if both CCA mode 1 and CCA mode 2 are asserted.
• CCA mode 3 is asserted if either CCA mode 1 or CCA mode 2 is asserted.
This mode setting is available through a programmable register.
1.2.5.4
Energy detection (ED)
Energy detection (ED) is based on receiver signal strength indicator (RSSI) and
correlator output for the 802.15.4 standard. ED is an average value of signal strength.
The magnitude from this measurement is calculated from the digital RSSI value that is
averaged over a 128 μs duration.
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Transceiver Functions
1.2.5.5
Link quality indicator (LQI)
The link quality indicator (LQI) is based on the receiver signal strength indicator (RSSI)
or correlator output for the 802.15.4 standard. In this mode, the RSSI measurement is
calculated during normal packet reception. LQI computations for the MKW20
transceiver are based on either digital RSSI or correlator peak values. This setting is
executed through a register bit where the final LQI value is available 64 μs after
preamble is detected. If a continuous update of LQI based on RSSI throughout the
packet is desired, it can be read in a separate 8-bit register by enabling continuous
update in a register bit.
1.2.5.6
LQI ED RSSI
The following figure shows the MCR20A transceiver's reported energy detect (ED) as a
function of input power. The figure also shows the link quality indication (LQI)/
RSSI_CONT (continuous) and the RSSI as a function of a unitless numeric register
reading. LQI is available 64 μs after the preamble is detected. RSSI_CONT can be used
to read LQI when a continuous value averaged over the entire received packet is
desired. This value may be read as LQI if continuous update of LQI is desired during
packet reception (both scaled the same but averaged differently). The curves are
measured using the default offset compensation value and can be changed to center the
curve if desired.
The following sequences are performed in test software to create the curves that are
shown in the figure. Similar sequences are incorporated into Freescale software stacks.
• For ED, the device is configured to perform an ED via write to the register 0x7 with
0x00.
• ED/CCA sequence is started via write to register 0x3 with 0x3
• Register 0 is polled for bit 3 to be set
• RSSI_CONT_EN bit is disabled in indirect 0x25 (CCA_CTRL) all other bits
are reset/overwrite values
• Direct register 0x0B is read (CCA final)
• Direct register 0x25 is read (LQI)
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MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Transceiver Functions
• Indirect register 0x5B is read (RSSI)
• Direct register 0x26 is read (RSSI_CONT), however, not enabled in ED case
so ignored
• For LQI, the device is configured to perform an LQI via write to the register 0x7
with 0x00.
• The device is configured to perform an LQI via write to the register 0x7 with
0x00
• Receive sequence is started via write to register 0x3 with 0x1
• Register 0 is polled for bit 2 to be set
• RSSI_CONT_EN bit is enabled in indirect 0x25
• RSSI_CONT_EN bit is disabled in indirect 0x25 (CCA_CTRL) all other bits
are reset or overwrite values
• Direct register 0x0B is read (CCA final)
• Direct register 0x25 is read (LQI)
• Indirect register 0x5B is read (RSSI)
• Direct register 0x26 is read (RSSI_CONT), valid for LQI
For both LQI and ED the input power is swept with a modulated input signal from
-100 dBm to -20 dBm in steps of 1 dBm and the ED and LQI sequences are called
during each step and the results recorded.
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Transceiver Functions
Figure 3. ED/LQI relation to RSSI/RSSI_CONT
Based on the figure, an equation can be derived as follows. Using Y(LQI) and X(RF),
the minimum and maximum values from the secondary axis are determined as:
Table 2. Minimum and Maximum Values
LQI
Y(LQI)
X(RF)
Maximum
225
-25
Minimum
12
-100
Dynamic range mid point
125
-60
Therefore the slope = 2.84 and B = 295.4. So to convert the 8-bit unitless number read
from direct register 0x25 to an ideal RF equivalent, use the following equation:
RF = (LQI – 295.4) / 2.84
1.2.6 IEEE 802.15.4 acceleration hardware
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MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Transceiver Functions
The 802.15.4 transceiver integrates (as listed below) hardware features that reduce the
software stack size, off-loads functions from the CPU, supports security and improves
performance:
• Complete IEEE®802.15 modem
• 2006 packet processor/sequencer
• Internal event timer block with four comparators to assist sequencer and provide
timer capability.
1.2.7 Packet processor
The MCR20A transceiver's packet processor performs sophisticated hardware filtering
of the incoming received packet to determine whether the packet is both PHY- and
MAC-compliant, is addressed to this device, if the device is a PAN coordinator, and
whether a message is pending for the sending device. The packet processor greatly
reduces the packet filtering burden on software enabling it to tend to higher-layer
tasks with a lower latency and smaller software footprint.
1.2.7.1
Features
The MCR20A transceiver's packet processor has the following features:
• Aggressive packet filtering to enable long, uninterrupted MCU sleep periods
• Fully compliant with both 2003 and 2006 versions of the 802.15.4 wireless
standard
• Supports all frame types, including reserved types
• Supports all valid 802.15.4 frame lengths
• Enables auto-Tx acknowledge frames (no MCU intervention) by parsing of frame
control field and sequence number
• Supports all source and destination address modes, and also PAN ID compression
• Supports broadcast address for PAN ID and short address mode
• Supports “promiscuous” mode, to receive all packets regardless of address- and
rules-checking
• Enables frame type-specific filtering—that is, it rejects all but beacon frames
• Supports SLOTTED and non-SLOTTED modes
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Transceiver Functions
• Includes special filtering rules for PAN coordinator devices
• Enables minimum-turnaround transmit-acknowledge frames for data-polling
requests by automatically determining message-pending status
• Assists the MCU to locate pending messages in its indirect queue for data-polling
end devices
• Makes available to MCU detailed status of frames that fail address-checking or
rules-checking
• Supports dual PAN mode, to enable the device to exist on two PANs
simultaneously
• Supports two IEEE addresses for the device
• Supports active promiscuous mode
1.2.8 Packet buffering
The packet buffer is a 128-byte random access memory (RAM) dedicated to the storage
of 802.15.4 packet contents for both transmit and receive sequences. For transmit
sequences, software stores the contents of the packet buffer starting with the frame
length byte at packet buffer address 0 followed by the packet contents at the subsequent
packet buffer addresses. For receive sequences, the incoming packet's frame length is
stored in a register external to the packet buffer. Software will read this register to
determine the number of bytes of packet buffer to read. This facilitates DMA transfer
through the SPI. For receive packets, an LQI byte is stored at the byte immediately
following the last byte of the packet (frame length +1). Usage of the packet buffer for
receive and transmit sequences is on a time-shared basis—that is, the receive packet
data will overwrite the contents of the packet buffer. Software can inhibit receivepacket overwriting of the packet buffer contents by setting the PB_PROTECT bit. This
will block receive packet overwriting, but will not inhibit transmit content loading of
the packet buffer via the SPI.
1.2.8.1
Features
The features of the packet buffer are as follow:
• 128 byte buffer stores maximum length 802.15.4 packets
• Same buffer serves both transmit and receive sequences
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MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Transceiver Functions
• The entire packet buffer can be uploaded or downloaded in a single SPI burst
• Automatic address auto-incrementing for burst accesses
• Single-byte access mode supported
• Entire packet buffer can be accessed in hibernate mode
• Under-run error interrupt supported
1.3 Dual PAN ID
In the past, radio transceivers designed for 802.15.4 and ZigBee applications allowed
a device to associate to one and only one Personal Area Network (PAN) at any given
time. The MCR20A transceiver represents a high-performance radio that includes
hardware support for a device to reside in two networks simultaneously. In optional
dual PAN mode, the device alternates between the two PANs under hardware or
software control. Hardware support for dual PAN operation consists of two sets of
PAN and IEEE addresses for the device, two different channels (one for each PAN),
and a programmable timer to automatically switch PANs (including on-the-fly
channel changing) without software intervention. There are control bits to configure
and enable dual PAN mode, and read only bits to monitor status in dual PAN mode. A
device can be configured to be a PAN coordinator on either network, both networks,
or neither network.
For the purpose of defining PAN in the context of dual PAN mode, two sets of
network parameters are maintained; PAN0 and PAN1. PAN0 and PAN1 will be used
to refer to the two PANs where each parameter set uniquely identifies a PAN for dual
PAN mode. These parameters are described in Table 3.
Table 3. PAN0 and PAN1 descriptions
PAN0
PAN1
Channel0 (PHY_INT0, PHY_FRAC0)
Channel1 (PHY_INT1, PHY_FRAC1)
MacPANID0 (16-bit register)
MacPANID1 (16-bit register)
MacShortAddrs0 (16-bit register)
MacShortAddrs1 (16-bit register)
MacLongAddrs0 (64-bit registers)
MacLongAddrs1 (64-bit registers)
PANCORDNTR0 (1-bit register)
PANCORDNTR1 (1-bit register)
During device initialization when dual PAN mode is used, software will program both
parameter sets to configure the hardware for operation on two networks.
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System and power management
1.3.1 Event Timer
The MCR20A transceiver features a 24-bit event timer that can be used in conjunction
with the sequencer to provide protocol control as well as timing interrupts. The event
timer consists of a continuously running counter and four separate 24-bit comparators.
The event timer functionality:
• The event timer counter runs at the 802.15.4 bit rate of 250 kHz (programmable).
• Each comparator has an individual interrupt request capability—the compare status
is set when there is a match between the comparator and the timer counter. Each
status can be enabled to generate an IRQ.
• A separate 16-bit T2PRIMECMP comparator is provided, which uses only the
lower 16 bits of the event timer rather than requiring a full 24-bit compare.
For each timer compare enable, when the bit is set, a match on the respective 24-bit
compare value to the event timer will cause the corresponding interrupt status bit to
become set. If the compare enable is low, then the event timer matches prevent the
corresponding interrupt status bit to become set.
2 System and power management
The MCR20A transceiver is a low power device that also supports extensive system
control and power management modes to maximize battery life and provide system
protection.
2.1 Modes of operation
The transceiver modes of operation include:
• Idle mode
• Doze mode
• Low power (LP) / hibernate mode
• Reset / powerdown mode
• Run mode
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MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Radio Peripherals
2.2 Power management
The MCR20A transceive's power management is controlled by programming the
modes of operation. Different modes enable different levels of power-down and run
operation. For the receiver, the programmable power modes available are:
• Preamble search
• Preamble search sniff
• Low power preamble search (LPPS)
• Fast antenna diversity (FAD) preamble search
• Packet decoding
3 Radio Peripherals
The MCR20A transceiver provides a set of I/O pins to supply a system clock to the
MCU, to control the external RF modules and circuitry, and to control the GPIO.
3.1 Clock output (CLK_OUT)
The MCR20A transceiver integrates a programmable clock to source numerous
frequencies for connection with various MCUs. Package pin 16 can be used to provide
this clock source as required to enable the user to make adjustments per their
application requirements.
Care must be taken that the clock output signal does not interfere with the reference
oscillator or the radio. Additional functionality this feature supports is:
• XTAL domain can be completely gated off (hibernate mode)
• SPI communication allowed during hibernation
Table 4. CLK_OUT table
CLK_OUT_DIV [2:0]
CLK_OUT frequency
0
32 MHz1
Table continues on the next page...
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Radio Peripherals
Table 4. CLK_OUT table (continued)
CLK_OUT_DIV [2:0]
CLK_OUT frequency
1
16 MHz
2
8 MHz
3
4 MHz 2
4
2 MHz
5
1 MHz
6
62.5 kHz
7
32.786 kHz 3
1
1
1. May require high drive strength for proper signal integrity.
2. DEFAULT if GPIO5/BOPT = 0
3. DEFAULT if GPIO5/BOPT = 1
There is an enable/disable bit for CLK_OUT. When disabled, the clock output will
optionally continue to run for 128 clock cycles after it is disabled. There is also one bit
available to adjust the CLK_OUT I/O pad drive strength.
3.2 General-purpose input output (GPIO)
The MCR20A transceiver supports 8 GPIO pins. All I/O pins will have the same supply
voltage and depending on the supply, can vary from 1.8 V up to 3.6 V. When the pin is
configured as a general-purpose output or for peripheral use, there will be specific
settings required per use case. Pin configuration will be executed by software to adjust
input/output direction and drive strength capability. When the pin is configured as a
general-purpose input or for peripheral use, software (see Table 5) can enable a pull-up
or pull-down device. Immediately after reset, all pins are configured as high-impedance
general-purpose inputs with internal pull-up devices enabled.
Features for these pins include:
• Programmable output drive strength
• Programmable output slew rate
• Hi-Z mode
• Programmable as outputs or inputs (default)
18
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Radio Peripherals
Table 5. Pin configuration summary
Pin function configuration
Details
I/O buffer full drive mode1
I/O buffer partial drive
I/O buffer high
mode1
impedance2
Units
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Source or sink
—
±10
—
mA
Source or sink
—
±2
—
mA
Off state
—
—
10
nA
time3
2
4
6
ns
No slew, partial drive
Rise and fall time
2
4
6
ns
Slew, full drive
Rise and fall time
6
12
24
ns
Slew, partial drive
Rise and fall time
6
12
24
ns
—
—
11
ns
—
—
11
ns
No slew, full drive
Propagation
delay4,
no slew
Propagation delay, no slew
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Tolerance
Rise and fall
Full
drive5
Partial
drive6
Propagation delay, slew
Full drive
—
—
50
ns
Propagation delay, slew
Partial drive
—
—
50
ns
For this drive condition, the output voltage will not deviate more than 0.5 V from the rail reference VOH or VOL.
Leakage current applies for the full range of possible input voltage conditions.
Rise and fall time values in reference to 20% and 80%
Propagation Delay measured from/to 50% voltage point.
Full drive values provided are in reference to a 75 pF load.
Partial drive values provided are in reference to a 15 pF load.
3.2.1 Serial peripheral interface (SPI)
The MCR20A transceiver's SPI interface enables an MCU to communicate with the
radio's register set and packet buffer. The SPI is a slave-only interface—that is, the
MCU must drive R_SSEL_B, R_SCLK, and R_MOSI. Write and read access to both
direct and indirect registers is supported, and transfer length can be single-byte or
bursts of unlimited length. Write and read access to the packet buffer can also be
single-byte or a burst mode of unlimited length.
The SPI interface is asynchronous to the rest of the MCR20A transceiver. No
relationship between R_SCLK and the internal oscillator is assumed. And no
relationship between R_SCLK and the CLK_OUT pin is assumed. All
synchronization of the SPI interface to the MCR20A transceiver occurs within the SPI
module. SPI synchronization occurs in both directions; register writes and register
reads. The SPI is capable of operation in all power modes except Reset. Operation in
hibernate mode enables most transceiver registers and the complete packet buffer to
be accessed in the lowest-power operating state enabling minimal power consumption,
especially during the register-initialization phase of the radio.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
19
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Radio Peripherals
The SPI design features a compact, single-byte control word, reducing SPI access
latency to a minimum. Most SPI access types require only a single-byte control word,
with the address embedded in the control word. During control word transfer (the first
byte of any SPI access), the contents of the IRQSTS1 register (the radio's highestpriority status register) are always shifted out so that the MCU obtains access to
IRQSTS1, with the minimum possible latency, on every SPI access.
3.2.1.1
Features
The SPI interface features:
• 4-wire industry standard interface, supported by all MCUs
• SPI R_SCLK maximum frequency 16 MHz (for SPI write accesses)
• SPI R_SCLK maximum frequency 9 MHz (for SPI read accesses)
• Write and read access to all radio registers (direct and indirect)
• Write and read access to packet buffer
• SPI accesses can be single-byte or burst
• Automatic address auto-incrementing for burst accesses
• Asynchronous mode
• Entire packet buffer can be uploaded or downloaded in a single SPI burst
• Entire packet buffer and most registers can be accessed during hibernation
mode
• All GPIO-related registers are accessible in hibernation mode
• Built-in synchronization inside the SPI module to or from the rest of the radio
• R_MISO can be tristated when the SPI is inactive, enabling multi-slave
configurations
3.2.2 Antenna diversity
To improve the reliability of RF connectivity to long range applications, the antenna
diversity feature is supported without using the MCU through use of four dedicated
control pins (package pins 23, 24, 25, and 26).
20
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Radio Peripherals
Fast antenna diversity (FAD) mode supports this radio feature and, when enabled,
allows the selection between two antennas during the preamble phase. By continually
monitoring the received signal, the FAD block will select the first antenna of which
the received signal has a correlation factor above a predefined progammable
threshold. The FAD accomplishes the antenna selection by sequentially switching
between the two antennas testing for the presence of suitably strong s0 symbol where
the first antenna to reach this condition is then selected for the reception of the packet.
Note that the antenna with the strongest signal is not necessarily picked but the
antenna that first meets the signal requirements.
Each of the antennas are monitored for a period of 28 μs. The antenna switching is
continued until 1.5 valid s0 symbols are detected. The demodulator then continues
with normal preamble search before declaring Preamble Detect.
3.2.3 RF Output Power Distribution
The following figure shows the linear region of the output and the typical power
distribution of the radio as a function of PA_PWR [4:0] range. The PA_PWR [4:0] is
the lower 5 bits of the PA_PWR 0x23 direct register and has a usable range of 3 to 31
decimal.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
21
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Serial peripheral interface (SPI)
Figure 4. MCR20A transmit power vs. PA_PWR step
4 Serial peripheral interface (SPI)
The host microcontroller directs the MCR20A transceiver, checks its status, and reads/
writes data to the device through the 4-wire SPI port. The transceiver operates as a SPI
slave device only. A transaction between the host and the MCR20A transceiver occurs
as multiple 8-bit bursts on the SPI. The SPI signals are:
• Slave select (R_SSEL_B)—A transaction on the SPI port is framed by the active
low R_SSEL_B input signal.
• SPI clock (R_SCLK)—The host drives the SPICLK input to the MCR20A
transceiver. Data is clocked into the master or slave on the leading (rising) edge of
the return-to-zero SPICLK and data out changes state on the trailing (falling) edge
of SPICLK.
22
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Serial peripheral interface (SPI)
NOTE
For Freescale microcontrollers, the SPI clock format is the
clock phase control bit CPHA=0 and the clock polarity
control bit CPOL=0.
• Master out/slave in (MOSI)—Incoming data from the host is presented on the
MOSI input.
• Master in/slave out (MISO)—The MCR20A transceiver presents data to the
master on the MISO output.
The SPI interface is capable of operating with either the crystal oscillator ON
(synchronous mode), or OFF (asynchronous mode; i.e., hibernate).
Figure 5. SPI read transaction diagram
4.1 SPI transfer protocol
The MCR20A transceiver’s SPI is a slave-only interface, and follows a CPHA=0 and
CPOL=0 protocol. Taken together, CPHA and CPOL determine the clock polarity and
clock edge used to transfer data between the SPI master and slave, in both
communication directions. CPHA=0 (clock phase) indicates that data is captured on
the leading edge of SCK and changed on the following edge. CPOL=0 (clock polarity)
indicates that the inactive state value of R_SCLK is low. All data is transferred MSBfirst. The following diagram depicts the transfer protocol of the MCR20A
transceiver's SPI.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
23
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Serial peripheral interface (SPI)
Figure 6. SPI Transfer Protocol
4.2 SPI control word
Every SPI transaction begins with one single-byte control word. The control word
consists of the address, direction (write or read), transaction target (register or packet
buffer), and for the packet buffer, the access mode (burst or byte). For most
transactions, data transfer follows immediately after the control word. However, for
indirect access register transactions, and for packet buffer byte-mode transactions, an
additional address byte follows the control word, before data transfer begins. Bit 7 of
the control word selects the transfer direction (1=READ, 0=WRITE). Bit 6 selects the
transfer target (1=PACKET BUFFER, 0=REGISTER). For register accesses, the
remaining bits select the register address. For packet buffer access, bit 5 selects the
access mode (1=BYTE, 0=BURST). For packet buffer access, the remaining bits in the
control word are reserved and ignored by the MCR20A transceiver. Details and
examples of control word usage appear in the following sections. The following table
depicts an overview of the control word.
Table 6. Control word overview
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
1
0
Register address [5:0]
0
0
Register address [5:0]
1
1
0
Reserved
0
1
0
Reserved
1
1
1
Reserved
0
1
1
Reserved
24
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Access Mode
Access Type
Register access
Read
Write
Packet buffer burst access
Read
Write
Packet bugger byte access
Read
Write
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
MCR20A Operating Modes
5 MCR20A Operating Modes
The MCR20A transceiver has 6 primary operating modes:
• Reset or power down
• Low power (LP) or hibernate
• Doze (low power with reference oscillator active)
• Idle
• Receive
• Transmit
Table 7 lists and describes the transceiver's power modes and consumption.
Table 7. Transceiver power modes
Mode
Reset /
powerdown
Current
consumption1
Definition
All IC functions off, leakage only. RST asserted.
< 100 nA
Low power / Crystal reference oscillator off (SPI is functional).
hibernate
Doze2
< 1 μA
Crystal reference oscillator on with CLK_OUT output available only if selected.
500 μA
(no CLK_OUT)
Idle
Crystal reference oscillator on with CLK_OUT output available only if selected.
700 μA
3
(no CLK_OUT)
Receive
Crystal reference oscillator on. Receiver on.
19 mA 3, 4
15 mA, LPPS
mode
Transmit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Crystal reference oscillator on. Transmitter on.
17 mA 3, 5
Conditions: VBAT and VBAT_2 = 2.7 V, nominal process @ 25°C.
While in Doze mode, 4 MHz maximum frequency can be selected for CLK_OUT.
Typical.
Signal sensitivity = -102 dBm.
RF output = 0 dBm.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
25
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20A Electrical Characteristics
6 MCR20A Electrical Characteristics
6.1 Maximum ratings
Table 8. Maximum ratings
Requirement
Description
Symbol
Rating level
Unit
VBAT, VBAT2
-0.3 to 3.6
Vdc
Digital Input Voltage
Vin
(VDDINT1
RF Input Power
Pmax
Power Supply Voltage
Note:
-0.3 to
+ 0.3)
+10
Vdc
dBm
Maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Functional operation should be
restricted to the limits in the electrical characteristics or recommended operating conditions tables.
Human Body
Model
HBM
±2000
Vdc
Machine Model
MM
±200
Vdc
Charged Device
Model
CDM
±750
Vdc
Junction Temperature
TJ
+125
°C
Storage Temperature Range
Tstg
-65 to +165
°C
ESD2
1. Digital interface supply voltage (VDDINT). In this device it is required VBAT, VBAT2 are common and VBAT2 is equal to
VDDINT and are supplied from a single un-regulated source.
2. Electrostatic discharge on all device pads meet this requirement
Note
Maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to
the device may occur. Functional operation should be
restricted to the limits in the electrical characteristics or
recommended operating conditions tables.
6.2 Radio recommended operating conditions
Table 9. Recommended operating conditions
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
VBAT, VDDINT
1.8
2.7
3.6
Vdc
Input Frequency
fin
2.360
—
2.480
GHz
Ambient Temperature Range
TA
-40
25
105
°C
Logic Input Voltage Low
VIL
0
—
30%
VDDINT
V
Power Supply Voltage (VBAT = VDDINT)
Table continues on the next page...
26
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Ratings
Table 9. Recommended operating conditions (continued)
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
VIH
70%
VDDINT
—
VDDINT
V
SPI Clock Rate
fSPI
—
—
16.0
MHz
RF Input Power
Pmax
—
—
10
dBm
Logic Input Voltage High
Crystal Reference Oscillator Frequency (±40 ppm over
operating conditions to meet the 802.15.4 Standard.)
fref
32 MHz only
6.3 Ratings
6.3.1 Thermal handling ratings
Symbol
Description
Min.
Max.
Unit
Notes
TSTG
Storage temperature
–55
150
°C
1
TSDR
Solder temperature, lead-free
—
260
°C
2
1. Determined according to JEDEC Standard JESD22-A103, High Temperature Storage Life.
2. Determined according to IPC/JEDEC Standard J-STD-020, Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic
Solid State Surface Mount Devices.
6.3.2 Moisture handling ratings
Symbol
MSL
Description
Moisture sensitivity level
Min.
Max.
Unit
Notes
—
3
—
1
1. Determined according to IPC/JEDEC Standard J-STD-020, Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic
Solid State Surface Mount Devices.
6.3.3 ESD handling ratings
Symbol
Description
Min.
Max.
Unit
Notes
VHBM
Electrostatic discharge voltage, human body model
-2000
+2000
V
1
VCDM
Electrostatic discharge voltage, charged-device
model
-500
+500
V
2
Latch-up current at ambient temperature of 105°C
-100
+100
mA
3
ILAT
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
27
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
AC electrical characteristics
1. Determined according to JEDEC Standard JESD22-A114, Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Sensitivity Testing Human
Body Model (HBM).
2. Determined according to JEDEC Standard JESD22-C101, Field-Induced Charged-Device Model Test Method for
Electrostatic-Discharge-Withstand Thresholds of Microelectronic Components.
3. Determined according to JEDEC Standard JESD78, IC Latch-Up Test.
7 AC electrical characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, propagation delays are measured from the 50% to the 50%
point, and rise and fall times are measured at the 20% and 80% points, as shown in the
following figure.
Input Signal
High
Low
VIH
80%
50%
20%
Midpoint1
VIL
Fall Time
Rise Time
The midpoint is VIL + (VIH - VIL) / 2
Figure 7. Input signal measurement reference
8 Nonswitching electrical specifications
8.1 EMC radiated emissions operating behaviors
Table 10. EMC radiated emissions operating behaviors 1
Symbol
Description
Frequency
band
(MHz)
Typ.
Unit
Notes
2, 3
VRE1
Radiated emissions voltage, band 1
0.15–50
19
dBμV
VRE2
Radiated emissions voltage, band 2
50–150
21
dBμV
VRE3
Radiated emissions voltage, band 3
150–500
19
dBμV
VRE4
Radiated emissions voltage, band 4
500–1000
11
dBμV
IEC level
0.15–1000
L
—
VRE_IEC
3, 4
1. This data was collected on a MK20DN128VLH5 64pin LQFP device.
2. Determined according to IEC Standard 61967-1, Integrated Circuits - Measurement of Electromagnetic Emissions, 150
kHz to 1 GHz Part 1: General Conditions and Definitions and IEC Standard 61967-2, Integrated Circuits - Measurement
of Electromagnetic Emissions, 150 kHz to 1 GHz Part 2: Measurement of Radiated Emissions—TEM Cell and
28
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Thermal specifications
Wideband TEM Cell Method. Measurements were made while the microcontroller was running basic application code.
The reported emission level is the value of the maximum measured emission, rounded up to the next whole number,
from among the measured orientations in each frequency range.
3. VDD = 3.3 V, TA = 25 °C, fOSC = 12 MHz (crystal), fSYS = 48 MHz, fBUS = 48MHz
4. Specified according to Annex D of IEC Standard 61967-2, Measurement of Radiated Emissions—TEM Cell and
Wideband TEM Cell Method
8.2 Designing with radiated emissions in mind
To find application notes that provide guidance on designing your system to minimize
interference from radiated emissions:
1. Go to www.freescale.com.
2. Perform a keyword search for “EMC design.”
8.3 Capacitance attributes
Table 11. Capacitance attributes
Symbol
Description
Min.
Max.
Unit
CIN_A
Input capacitance: analog pins
—
7
pF
CIN_D
Input capacitance: digital pins
—
7
pF
9 Thermal specifications
9.1 Thermal operating requirements
Table 12. Thermal operating requirements
Symbol
Description
Min.
Max.
Unit
TJ
Die junction temperature
–40
125
°C
TA
Ambient temperature
–40
105
°C
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
29
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Transceiver Electrical Characteristics
10 Transceiver Electrical Characteristics
10.1 DC electrical characteristics
Table 13. DC electrical characteristics (VBAT, VBAT2 = 2.7 V, TA=25 °C, unless
otherwise noted)
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Power Supply Current (VBAT + VBAT2)
Reset / power down1
Ileakage
—
<60
<100
nA
Hibernate1
ICCH
—
<1
—
μA
Doze (No CLK_OUT)
ICCD
—
500
—
μA
Idle (No CLK_OUT)
ICCI
—
700
—
μA
Transmit mode (0 dBm nominal output power)
ICCT
—
17
18
mA
Receive mode (normal)
ICCR
—
19
19.5
mA
Receive mode (power preamble search)
15 (LPPS)
Input current (VIN = 0 V or VDDINT) (All digital inputs)
IIN
—
—
±1
μA
Input low voltage (all digital inputs)
VIL
0
—
30%
VDDINT
V
Input high voltage (all digital inputs)
VIH
70%
VDDINT
—
VDDINT
V
Output high voltage (IOH = -1 mA) (all digital outputs)
VOH
80%
VDDINT
—
VDDINT
V
Output low voltage (IOL = 1 mA) (all digital outputs)
VOL
0
—
20%
VDDINT
V
1. To attain specified low power current, all GPIO and other digital IO must be handled properly.
10.2 AC electrical characteristics
Table 14. Receiver AC electrical characteristics (VBAT, VDDINT = 2.7 V, TA=25
°C, fref = 32 MHz unless otherwise noted)
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Sensitivity for 1% packet error rate (PER) (–40 to +105 °C)1
SENSper
—
–99
–97
dBm
Sensitivity for 1% packet error rate (PER) (+25 °C)1
SENSper
—
–102
—
dBm
Saturation (maximum input level)
SENSmax
–10
—
—
dBm
—
—
39
—
dB
Channel rejection for dual port mode (1% PER and desired
signal –82 dBm)
+5 MHz (adjacent channel)
Table continues on the next page...
30
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Transceiver Electrical Characteristics
Table 14. Receiver AC electrical characteristics (VBAT, VDDINT = 2.7 V, TA=25 °C, fref = 32 MHz
unless otherwise noted) (continued)
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–5 MHz (adjacent channel)
—
—
33
—
dB
+10 MHz (alternate channel)
—
—
50
—
dB
–10 MHz (alternate channel)
—
—
50
—
dB
≥15 MHz
—
—
58
—
dB
Frequency error tolerance
—
—
—
200
kHz
Symbol rate error tolerance
—
80
—
—
ppm
1. Measurement is referenced to the package pin.
Table 15. Transmitter AC electrical characteristics (VBAT, VDDINT = 2.7 V,
TA=25 °C, fref = 32 MHz unless otherwise noted)
Characteristic
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Power spectral density, absolute limit from –40°C to
+105°C
—
–30
—
—
dBm
Power spectral density, relative limit from –40°C to +105°C
—
–20
—
—
dB
Pout
–2
0
2
dBm
Nominal output
power1
Maximum output
power1
—
—
8
—
dBm
EVM
—
8
13
%
Output power control range2
—
—
40
—
dB
Over the air data rate
Error vector magnitude
—
—
250
—
kbps
2nd
harmonic3
—
—
<–50
<–40
dBm
3rd
harmonic3
—
—
<–50
<–40
dBm
1. Measurement is referenced to the package pin.
2. Measurement is referenced to the package pin on the output of the Tx/Rx switch. It does not degrade more than ±2 dB
across temperature and an additional ±1 dB across all processes. Power adjustment will span nominally from –35
dBm to +8 dBm in 21 steps @ 2 dBm / step.
3. Measured with output power set to nominal (0 dBm) and temperature @ 25°C. Trap filter is needed.
Table 16. RF port impedance
Characteristic
RFIN Pins for internal T/R switch configuration, TX mode
Symbol
Typ
Unit
Zin
—
Ohm
2.360 GHz
14.7–j215
2.420 GHz
13.7–j18.7
2.480 GHz
13–j16.3
RFIN Pins for internal or external T/R switch configuration, RX mode
Zin
—
2.360 GHz
14–j9.5
2.420 GHz
13–j7.6
2.480 GHz
12.3–j5.6
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Ohm
31
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Transceiver Electrical Characteristics
10.3 SPI timing: R_SSEL_B to R_SCLK
The following diagram describes timing constraints that must be guaranteed by the
system designer.
R_MOSI
R_SCLK
tASC
t
CSC
t
CKH
t
DT
t
CKL
Figure 8. SPI timing: R_SSEL_B to R_SCLK
tCSC (CS-to-SCK delay): 31.25 ns
tASC (After SCK delay): 31.25 ns
tDT (Minimum CS idle time): 62.5 ns
tCKH (Minimum R_SCLK high time): 31.25 ns (for SPI writes); 55.55 ns (for SPI reads)
tCKL (Minimum R_SCLK low time): 31.25 ns (for SPI writes); 55.55 ns (for SPI reads)
Note
The SPI master device deasserts R_SSEL_B only on byte
boundaries, and only after guaranteeing the tASC constraint
shown above.
10.4 SPI timing: R_SCLK to R_MOSI and R_MISO
The following diagram describes timing constraints that must be guaranteed by the
system designer. These constraints apply to the Master SPI (R_MOSI), and are
guaranteed by the radio SPI (R_MISO).
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Crystal oscillator reference frequency
R_SCLK
R_MOSI
R_MISO
tDSU
t
DH
Figure 9. SPI timing: R_SCLK to R_MOSI and R_MISO
tDSU (data-to-SCK setup): 10 ns
tDH (SCK-to-data hold): 10 ns
11 Crystal oscillator reference frequency
This section provides application specific information regarding crystal oscillator
reference design and recommended crystal usage.
11.1 Crystal oscillator design considerations
The IEEE 802.15.4 standard requires that frequency tolerance remain within ±40 ppm
accuracy. This means that a total offset up to 80 ppm between transmitter and receiver
will result in acceptable performance. The MCR20A transceiver provides on board
crystal trim capacitors to assist in meeting this performance, while the bulk of the
crystal load capacitance is external.
11.2 Crystal requirements
The suggested crystal specification for the MCR20A transceiver is shown in Table 17.
A number of the stated parameters are related to the desired package, the desired
temperature range and the use of crystal capacitive load trimming.
Table 17. MCR20A transceiver's crystal specifications
Parameter
Value
Unit
Frequency
32
MHz
Frequency tolerance (cut tolerance)
±10
ppm
Condition
at 25°C
Table continues on the next page...
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
33
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Pin Diagrams and Pin Assignments
Table 17. MCR20A transceiver's crystal specifications (continued)
Parameter
Value
Unit
Condition
Frequency stability (temperature)
±25
ppm
Over desired temperature range
Aging1
±2
ppm
max
Equivalent series resistance
60
Ω
max
Load capacitance
5–9
pF
Shunt capacitance
<2
pF
max
Mode of oscillation
—
—
fundamental
1. A wider aging tolerance may be acceptable when the application uses trimming at production final test.
12 Pin Diagrams and Pin Assignments
12.1 Pin assignments
This figure shows the MCR20A transceiver's package pin assignment.
34
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
MCR20A
Pin Diagrams and Pin Assignments
Figure 10. Pin assignment
12.2 Pin function table
Table 18. Pin function
Pin
number
Pin name
Type
Function
Description
1
VDD_RF
Analog Power Output
Analog Voltage
Analog 1.8 Vdc
2
VBAT
Power Input
Battery Voltage
Connect to system VDD supply
3
XTAL_32M
Analog Output
RF
32 MHz reference oscillator
output
4
EXTAL_32M
Analog Input
RF
32 MHz references oscillator input
5
GPIO1
Digital Input/Output
General-Purpose IO
GPIO
6
GPIO2
Digital Input/Output
General-Purpose IO
GPIO
Table continues on the next page...
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
35
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Pin Diagrams and Pin Assignments
Table 18. Pin function (continued)
Pin
number
Pin name
Type
Function
Description
7
GPIO3
Digital Input/Output
General-Purpose IO
GPIO
8
GPIO4
Digital Input/Output
General-Purpose IO
GPIO
9
GPIO5
Digital Input/Output
General-Purpose IO
GPIO or CLK_OUT default state
select
10
RST_B
Digital Input/Output
Digital
Device asynchronous hardware
reset. Active low.
11
R_MISO
Digital Input/Output
Digital
SPI MISO
12
R_MOSI
Digital Input/Output
Digital
SPI MOSI
13
R_SCLK
Digital Input/Output
Digital
SPI clock
14
R_SSEL_B
Digital Input/Output
Digital
SPI slave select
15
IRQ_B
Digital Input/Output
Digital
Interrupt command signal
16
CLK_OUT
Digital Output
RF
17
VDD_REGD
Digital Power Ref
Digital Voltage
Digital 1.8 Vdc ref. Decouple to
ground.
18
VBAT2
Power Input
Battery Voltage
Connect to system VDD supply.
19
GPIO6
Digital Input/Output
General-Purpose IO
GPIO
20
GPIO7
Digital Input/Output
General-Purpose IO
GPIO
21
GPIO8
Digital Input/Output
General-Purpose IO
GPIO
22
DTM0
—
Factory Test
23
ANT_A
Digital Input/Output
Antenna Diversity
Programmable sink and source
current output with selectable
high impedance state.
24
ANT_B
Digital Input/Output
Antenna Diversity
Programmable sink and source
current output with selectable
high impedance state.
25
RX_SWITCH
Digital Input/Output
Control Switch
Programmable sink and source
current output with selectable
high impedance state.
26
TX_SWITCH
Digital Input/Output
Control Switch
Programmable sink and source
current output with selectable
high impedance state.
27
VSSA_PA
—
Gnd
RF ground
28
RF_OUTP
RFInput/Output
RF
Bidirectional RF input/output
positive
29
RF_OUTN
RFInput/Output
RF
Bidirectional RF input/output
negative
30
VSSA_PA2
—
Gnd
RFground
31
VDD_PA
Analog Power Input
Analog Voltage
Analog 1.8 Vdc input
32
VDD_IF
Analog Power Input
Analog Voltage
Analog 1.8 Vdc input
33
GND_RF
—
—
Connect to RF ground
34
GND_PA
—
—
Connect to RF ground
Programmable clock source
Do not connect.
Table continues on the next page...
36
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Dimensions
Table 18. Pin function (continued)
Pin
number
Pin name
Type
Function
Description
35
GND_RF
—
—
36
—
Factory test
Reserved
Do not connect
37
—
Factory test
Reserved
Do not connect
38
—
Factory test
Reserved
Do not connect
39
—
Factory test
Reserved
Do not connect
40
—
Factory test
Reserved
Do not connect
41
—
Factory test
Reserved
Do not connect
Connect to RF ground
13 Dimensions
13.1 Obtaining package dimensions
Package dimensions are provided in package drawings.
To find a package drawing, go to freescale.com and perform a keyword search for the
drawing’s document number:
If you want the drawing for this package
MLGA-32
MCR20AVHM Data Sheet, Rev. 3.1, 04/2015
Then use this document number
98ASA00424D
37
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
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Document Number MCR20AVHM
Revision 3.1, 04/2015