WT12 DATA SHEET Monday, 13 April 2015 Version 3.2 Copyright © 2000-2015 Bluegiga Technologies All rights reserved. Bluegiga Technologies assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this manual. Furthermore, Bluegiga Technologies reserves the right to alter the hardware, software, and/or specifications detailed here at any time without notice and does not make any commitment to update the information contained here. Bluegiga’s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. The WRAP is a registered trademark of Bluegiga Technologies The Bluetooth trademark is owned by the Bluetooth SIG Inc., USA and is licensed to Bluegiga Technologies. All other trademarks listed herein are owned by their respective owners. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Table of Contents 1 ORDERING INFORMATION .........................................................................................................................6 2 Block Diagram and Descriptions ...................................................................................................................7 3 Electrical Characteristics ...............................................................................................................................9 3.1 Absolute maximum ratings .....................................................................................................................9 3.2 Recommended operating conditions .....................................................................................................9 3.3 Terminal characteristics .........................................................................................................................9 3.4 Current consumption ........................................................................................................................... 10 3.5 Radio characteristics and general specifications ................................................................................ 11 3.6 Radio Characteristics – Basic Data Rate ............................................................................................ 12 3.6.1 Transmitter radio characteristics .................................................................................................. 12 3.6.2 Receiver radio characteristics ...................................................................................................... 13 3.7 Radio Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate .................................................................................... 15 3.7.1 Transmitter radio characteristics .................................................................................................. 15 3.7.2 Receiver radio characteristics ...................................................................................................... 16 4 WT12 Pin Description ................................................................................................................................. 17 5 Physical Interfaces ..................................................................................................................................... 20 5.1 UART Interface.................................................................................................................................... 20 5.1.1 UART Configuration While RESET is Active ............................................................................... 21 5.1.2 UART Bypass Mode .................................................................................................................... 21 5.2 USB Interface ...................................................................................................................................... 23 5.2.1 USB Pull-Up Resistor ................................................................................................................... 23 5.2.2 Self Powered Mode ...................................................................................................................... 23 5.2.3 Bus Powered Mode ...................................................................................................................... 24 5.2.4 Suspend Current .......................................................................................................................... 24 5.2.5 Detach and Wake-Up Signaling ................................................................................................... 24 5.2.6 USB Driver ................................................................................................................................... 25 5.2.7 USB 1.1 Compliance .................................................................................................................... 25 5.2.8 USB 2.0 Compatibility .................................................................................................................. 25 5.3 SPI Interface........................................................................................................................................ 26 5.4 PCM Interface ..................................................................................................................................... 27 5.4.1 PCM Interface Master/Slave ........................................................................................................ 27 5.4.2 Long Frame Sync ......................................................................................................................... 28 5.4.3 Short Frame Sync ........................................................................................................................ 28 5.4.4 Multi Slot Operation ..................................................................................................................... 29 5.4.5 GCI Interface ................................................................................................................................ 29 5.4.6 Slots and Sample Formats........................................................................................................... 29 5.4.7 Additional Features .................................................................................................................... 30 Bluegiga Technologies Oy 5.4.8 PCM Configuration ....................................................................................................................... 30 6 I/O Parallel Ports ........................................................................................................................................ 32 7 Software Stacks.......................................................................................................................................... 33 7.1 iWRAP Stack ....................................................................................................................................... 33 7.2 HCI Stack ............................................................................................................................................ 34 7.2.1 Standard functionality .................................................................................................................. 34 7.2.2 Extra functionality: ........................................................................................................................ 36 7.3 VM Stack ............................................................................................................................................. 37 7.4 Software Development ........................................................................................................................ 38 8 Enhanced Data Rate .................................................................................................................................. 39 8.1 Enhanced Data Rate Baseband .......................................................................................................... 39 8.2 ...................................................................................................... 39 8.3 8DQPSK .............................................................................................................................................. 39 9 Layout and Soldering Considerations ........................................................................................................ 41 9.1 Soldering recommendations ............................................................................................................... 41 9.2 Layout guidelines ................................................................................................................................ 41 10 WT12 physical dimensions ..................................................................................................................... 44 11 Package .................................................................................................................................................. 46 12 Certifications ........................................................................................................................................... 48 12.1 Bluetooth ...................................................................................................................................... 48 12.2 FCC and IC .................................................................................................................................. 48 12.3 CE ................................................................................................................................................ 50 12.4 Japan ........................................................................................................................................... 50 13 RoHS Statement with a List of Banned Materials ................................................................................... 51 14 Contact Information................................................................................................................................. 52 Bluegiga Technologies Oy WT12 Bluetooth module DESCRIPTION KEY FEATURES WT12 is a fully integrated Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR, class 2 module combining antenna, Bluetooth radio and an on-board iWRAP Bluetooth stack. Bluegiga WT12 provides an ideal solution for developers that want to quickly integrate Bluetooth wireless technology to their design without investing several months into Bluetooth radio and stack development. Radio features: WT12 uses Bluegiga's iWRAP Bluetooth stack, which is an embedded Bluetooth stack implementing 13 different Bluetooth profiles and Apple iAP connectivity. By using WT12 combined with iWRAP Bluetooth stack and Bluegiga's excellent technical support designers ensure quick time to market, low development costs and risk. APPLICATIONS Industrial and M2M Mobile phone and tablet accessories Point-of-Sale devices Computer accessories Apple iOS accessories Bluetooth v.2.1 + EDR Bluetooth class 2 radio Transmit power: +3 dBm Receiver sensitivity: -86 dBm Range: 30 meters line-of-sight Integrated chip antenna Hardware features: UART and USB host interfaces 802.11 co-existence interface 6 software programmable IO pins Opertating voltage: 2.7V to 3.6V Temperature range: -40C to +85C Dimensions: 25.5 x 14.0 x 2.4 mm Qualifications: Bluetooth CE FCC IC Japan and South-Korea Figure 1: Physical outlook of WT12 Bluegiga Technologies Oy 1 ORDERING INFORMATION Internal chip antenna WT12-A-AI5 WT12-A-AI4 WT12-A-3 WT12-A-HCI21 WT12-A-C (* iWRAP 5.0 firmware iWRAP 4.0 firmware iWRAP 3.0 firmware HCI firmware, BT2.1 + EDR Custom firmware Table 1: Ordering information *) Custom firmware means any standard firmware with custom parameters (like UART baud rate), custom firmware developer by customer or custom firmware developed by Bluegiga for the customer. To order custom firmware you must have a properly filled Custom Firmware Order From and unique ordering code issued by Bluegiga. Contact [email protected] for more information. Bluegiga Technologies Oy 2 Block Diagram and Descriptions Figure 2: Block Diagram of WT12 BlueCore04 BlueCore4 is a single chip Bluetooth solution which implements the Bluetooth radio transceiver and also an on chip microcontroller. BlueCore4 implements Bluetooth® 2.1 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) and it can deliver data rates up to 3 Mbps. The microcontroller (MCU) on BlueCore04 acts as interrupt controller and event timer run the Bluetooth software stack and control the radio and host interfaces. A 16-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microcontroller is used for low power consumption and efficient use of memory. BlueCore04 has 48Kbytes of on-chip RAM is provided to support the RISC MCU and is shared between the ring buffers used to hold voice/data for each active connection and the general purpose memory required by the Bluetooth stack. Crystal The crystal oscillates at 26MHz. Flash Flash memory is used for storing the Bluetooth protocol stack and Virtual Machine applications. It can also be used as an optional external RAM for memory intensive applications. Balun / filter Combined balun and filter changes the balanced input/output signal of the module to unbalanced signal of the monopole antenna. The filter is a band pass filter (ISM band). Matching Antenna matching components match the antenna to 50 Ohms. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Antenna The antenna is ACX AT3216 chip antenna. USB This is a full speed Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface for communicating with other compatible digital devices. WT12 acts as a USB peripheral, responding to requests from a Master host controller such as a PC. Synchronous Serial Interface This is a synchronous serial port interface (SPI) for interfacing with other digital devices. The SPI port can be used for system debugging. It can also be used for programming the Flash memory. UART This is a standard Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) interface for communicating with other serial devices. Audio PCM Interface The audio pulse code modulation (PCM) Interface supports continuous transmission and reception of PCM encoded audio data over Bluetooth. Programmable I/O WT12 has a total of 6 digital programmable I/O terminals. These are controlled by firmware running on the device. Reset This can be used to reset WT12. 802.11 Coexistence Interface Dedicated hardware is provided to implement a variety of coexistence schemes. Channel skipping AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping), priority signaling, channel signaling and host passing of channel instructions are all supported. The features are configured in firmware. Since the details of some methods are proprietary (e.g. Intel WCS) please contact Bluegiga Technologies for details. Bluegiga Technologies Oy 3 Electrical Characteristics 3.1 Absolute maximum ratings Min -40 -40 -0,3 -0,4 Storage temperature Operating temperature Supply voltage Terminal voltages Output current from PIOS Max 85 85 3,6 Vdd + 0,4 35 Unit °C °C V V mA The module should not continuously run under these conditions. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability and cause permanent damage to the device. Table 2: Absolute maximum ratings 3.2 Recommended operating conditions Min -40 3,1 (1) 0 Operating temperature Supply voltage Terminal voltages Max 85 3,6 Vdd Unit °C V V 1) WT12 operates as low as 2,7 V supply voltage. However, to safely meet the USB specification for minimum voltage for USB data lines, minimum of 3,1 V supply is required. Table 3: Recommended operating conditions 3.3 Terminal characteristics Min Typ Max Unit I/O voltage levels VIL input logic level low -0,4 - 0,8 V VIH input logic level high 0,7Vdd - Vdd + 0,4 V VOL output logic level low - - 0,2 V VOH output logic level high Reset terminal VTH,res threshold voltage Vdd - 0,2 - - V 0,64 0,85 1,5 RIRES input resistance 220 V k CIRES input capacitance Input and tri-state current with Strong pull-up Strong pull-down Weak pull-up Weak pull-down I/O pad leakage current Vdd supply current TX mode RX mode 220 nF -100 10 -5 0,2 -1 -40 40 -1 1 0 -10 100 -0,2 5 1 - - 70 70 mA mA Table 4: Terminal characteristics Bluegiga Technologies Oy 3.4 Current consumption Test conditions: Room temperature, Vdd = 3,3 V, iWRAP firmware OPERATION MODE Peak AVG supply supply Unit current current Notes Peak current at TX mode 70 - mA - Peak current at RX mode IDLE IDLE, Deep Sleep ON IDLE, Deep Sleep ON NOT visible, NOT connectable INQUIRY NAME CALL CONNECT Master CONNECT Slave CONNECT + Sniff, Master CONNECT + Sniff, Slave 70 - 3 1,2 mA mA mA Module is idle Default settings Module is idle - 0,056 mA Module is idle (Minimum consumption), SET BT PAGEMODE 0 2000 1 - 44,7 44,7 44,7 mA mA mA Device discovery with INQUIRY command Name resolution CALL [ADDR] 1101 RFCOMM - 6,2 mA No data was transmitted, Default settings - 22,4 mA No data was transmitted, Default settings - 4,7 4,6 mA mA CONNECT + sniff, Master - 2,3 mA CONNECT + sniff, Slave - 2,3 mA CONNECT + park, Master CONNECT + park, Slave DATA, Master DATA, Slave - 3,1 2,3 31,5 29,2 mA mA mA mA DATA + Sniff, Master - 19,6 mA DATA + Sniff, Slave - 22,6 mA DATA + Sniff, Master - 3,9 mA Connected (SET BT SNIFF 40 20 1 8) Connected (SET BT SNIFF 40 20 1 8) No data transmitted (SET BT SNIFF 1000 20 1 8) No data transmitted (SET BT SNIFF 1000 20 1 8) No data transmittedPark parameter 1000 No data transmittedPark parameter 1000 Data transmitted @ 115200bps Data transmitted @ 115200bps Data transmitted @ 115200bps (SET BT SNIFF 40 20 1 8) Data transmitted @ 115200bps (SET BT SNIFF 40 20 1 8) Data transmitted (SET BT SNIFF 1000 20 1 8) Table 5: Current consumption Bluegiga Technologies Oy 3.5 Radio characteristics and general specifications Operating frequency range Lower quard band Upper quard band Maximum data rate Receiving signal range Receiver IF frequency Transmission power RF input impedance Compliance USB specification Note (2400 ... 2483,5) MHz ISM Band 2 MHz 3,5 MHz 2402 MHz ... 2480 MHz Carrier frequency Modulation method Hopping Specification GFSK (1 Mbps) P/4 DQPSK (2Mbps) 1600 hops/s, 1 MHz channel space Asynchronous, 723.2 kbps / 57.6 kbps GFSK: Synchronous: 433.9 kbps / 433.9 kbps P/4 Asynchronous, 1448.5 kbps / 115.2 kbps DQPSK: Synchronous: 869.7 kbps / 869.7 kbps Asynchronous, 2178.1 kbps / 177.2 kbps 8DQPSK: Synchronous: 1306.9 kbps / 1306.9 kbps -82 to -20 dBm 1.5 MHz Min Max -11 ... -9 dBm +1 ... +3 dBm 50 Bluetooth specification, version 2.0 + EDR USB specification, version 1.1 (USB 2.0 compliant) Table 6: Radio characteristics and general specifications Bluegiga Technologies Oy f = 2402 + k, k = 0...78 Typical condition Center frequency 3.6 Radio Characteristics – Basic Data Rate 3.6.1 Transmitter radio characteristics WT12 meets the Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification between -40°C and +85°C. TX output is guaranteed to be unconditionally stable over the guaranteed temperature range. Measurement conditions: T = 20C, Vdd = 3,3V Item Typical value Bluetooth specification Unit Maximum output power1,2 Variation in RF power over temperature range with compensation enabled4 Variation in RF power over temperature range with compensation disabled4 RF power control range RF power range control resolution5 20dB bandwidth for modulated carrier Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0 ± 2MHz6,7 Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0 ± 3MHz6,7 Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0 ± > 3MHz6,7 f1avg Maximum Modulation +2.5 -6 to 4 3 dBm 1.5 - dB 2.0 - dB 35 16 dB 0.5 - dB 780 1000 kHz -40 20 dBm -45 -40 dBm -50 -40 dBm 165 140<f1avg<175 kHz f2max Maximum Modulation 150 115 kHz f1avg / f2avg 0.97 0.80 - Initial carrier frequency tolerance 6 75 kHz Drift Rate Drift (single slot packet) Drift (five slot packet) 2nd Harmonic content 3rd Harmonic content 8 7 9 -65 -45 20 25 40 -30 -30 kHz/50s kHz kHz dBm dBm Table 7: Transmitter radio characteristics at basic data rate and temperature 20C Notes: 1. WT12 firmware maintains the transmit power to be within the Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification limits. 2. Measurement made using a PSKEY_LC_MAX_TX_POWER setting corresponds to a PSKEY_LC_POWER_TABLE power table entry of 63. 3. Class 2 RF-transmit power range, Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification. 4. To some extent these parameters are dependent on the matching circuit used, and its behavior over temperature. Therefore these parameters may be beyond CSR’s direct control. 5. Resolution guaranteed over the range -5dB to -25dB relative to maximum power for TX Level >20. 6. Measured at F0= 2441MHz. Bluegiga Technologies Oy 7. Up to three exceptions are allowed in the Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification. WT12s guaranteed to meet the ACP performance as specified by the Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification. Frequency (GHz) Emitted power in cellular bands measured at the unbalanced port of the balun. Output power 4dBm Typ 0.8941 0.8942 0.9601 1.5803 -145 -145 -145 -145 1.805 – 1.8801 -145 1.9904 1.9901 1.9902 2.1702 2.1702 -145 -145 -145 -142 -144 0.869 0.869 0.925 1.570 1.930 1.930 1.930 2.110 2.110 – – – – – – – – – Unit Cellular band GSM 850 CDMA 850 GSM 900 GPS GSM 1800 / DCS 1800 dBm/kHz PSC 1900 GSM 1900 CDMA 1900 W-CDMA 2000 W-CDMA 2000 Table 8: Transmitter radio characteristics at basic data rate and temperature 20C Notes: 1. Integrated in 200kHz bandwidth and then normalized to a 1Hz bandwidth. 2. Integrated in 1.2MHz bandwidth and then normalized to a 1Hz bandwidth. 3. Integrated in 1MHz bandwidth. and then normalized to a 1Hz bandwidth. 4. Integrated in 30kHz bandwidth and then normalized to a 1Hz bandwidth. 5. Integrated in 5MHz bandwidth and then normalized to a 1Hz bandwidth. 3.6.2 Receiver radio characteristics Measurement conditions: T = 20C, Vdd = 3,3V Frequency (GHz) 2.402 Sensitivity at 0.1% BER 2.441 for all packet types 2.480 Maximum received signal at 0.1% BER Typ -84 -84 -84 10 Bluetooth specification Unit 75 dBm -20 dBm Table 9: Receiver radio characteristics at basic data rate and temperature 20C Bluegiga Technologies Oy Frequency (GHz) Typ Continuous power required to block 30-2000 Bluetooth reception (for sensitivity of 2000-2400 67dBm with 0.1% BER) measured at 2500-3000 3000-3300 the unbalanced port of the balun. C/I co-channel Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 + 1MHz1,2 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 - 1MHz1,2 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 + 2 MHz1,2 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 - 2 MHz1,2 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 + 3 MHz1,2 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 - 5 MHz1,2 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=FImage1,2 Maximum level of intermodulation interferers3 Spurious output level4 TBD TBD TBD TBD 6 -5 -4 -38 -23 -45 -44 -22 -30 TBD Bluetooth specification -10 -27 -27 -27 11 0 0 -30 -20 -40 -40 9 -39 - Unit dBm dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dBm dBm/Hz Table 10: Receiver radio characteristics at basic data rate and temperature 20C Notes: 1. Up to five exceptions are allowed in the Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification. BlueCore4 is guaranteed to meet the C/I performance as specified by the Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification. 2. Measured at F = 2441MHz 3. Measured at f1-f2 = 5MHz. Measurement is performed in accordance with Bluetooth RF test RCV/CA/05/c. i.e. wanted signal at -64dBm 4. Measured at the unbalanced port of the balun. Integrated in 100kHz bandwidth and then normalized to 1Hz. Actual figure is typically below TBD dBm/Hz except for peaks of -52dBm in band at 2.4GHz and d80dBm at 3.2GHz Emitted power in cellular bands required to block Bluetooth reception (for sensitivity of -67dBm with 0.1% BER) measured at the unbalanced port of the balun. Continuous power in cellular bands required to block Bluetooth reception (for sensitivity of-72dBm with 0.1% BER) measured at the unbalanced port of the balun. Frequency (GHz) 0.824 – 0.849 0.824 – 0.849 0.880 – 0.915 1.710 – 1.785 1.710 – 1.785 1.850 – 1.910 1.920 – 1.980 0.824 – 0.849 0.824 – 0.849 0.880 – 0.915 1.710 – 1.785 1.850 – 1.910 1.850 – 1.910 1.920 – 1.980 Typ 2.0 TBD 5.0 4.0 3.0 TBD TBD -10 TBD -10 -9 -9 TBD TBD Unit dBm dBm Cellular band GSM 850 CDMA GSM 900 GSM 1800 / DCS 1800 GSM 1900 / PCS 1900 CDMA 1900 W-CDMA 2000 GSM 850 CDMA GSM 900 GSM 1800 / DCS 1800 GSM 1900 / PCS 1900 CDMA 1900 W-CDMA 2000 Table 11: Receiver radio characteristics at basic data rate and temperature 20C Bluegiga Technologies Oy 3.7 Radio Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate 3.7.1 Transmitter radio characteristics Measurement conditions: T = 20C, Vdd = 3,3V Maximum output power1 Relative transmit power3 Carrier frequency stability3 RMS DEV Modulation 99% DEV accuracy3,4 Peak DEVM Typ +1 -1 3 - Bluetooth specification -6 to 42 -4 to 1 10 135 205 255 Unit dBm dB kHz % % % Table 12: Transmitter radio characteristics at enhanced data rate and temperature 20C Notes: 1. Results shown are referenced to input of the RF balun. 2. WT12 firmware maintains the transmit power to be within the Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification limits 3. Class 2 RF transmit power range, Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification 4. Measurements methods are in accordance with the EDR RF Test Specification v2.1.E.2 5. Modulation accuracy utilizes differential error vector magnitude (DEVM) with tracking of the carrier frequency drift. 6. The Bluetooth specification values are for 8DPSK modulation (values for the S/4 DQPSK modulation are less stringent) Bluegiga Technologies Oy 3.7.2 Receiver radio characteristics Measurement conditions: T = 20C, Vdd = 3,3V Sensitivity at 0.1% BER for all packet types1 Maximum received signal at 0.1% BER1 C/I co-channel at 0.1% BER1 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 + 1MHz1,2,3 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 - 1MHz1,2,3 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 + 2MHz1,2,3 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 - 2MHz1,2,3 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 + 3MHz1,2,3 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 - 5MHz1,2,3 Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = FImage1,2,3 Modulation Typ /4 DQPSK 8DQPSK /4 DQPSK 8DQPSK /4 DQPSK 8DQPSK /4 DQPSK 8DQPSK /4 DQPSK 8DQPSK /4 DQPSK 8DQPSK /4 DQPSK 8DQPSK /4 DQPSK 8DQPSK /4 DQPSK 8DQPSK /4 DQPSK 8DQPSK -87 -79 -7 -7 +11 +19 -8 -2 -8 -2 -35 -35 -23 -19 -43 -40 -43 -38 -17 -11 Bluetooth specification -70 -70 -20 -20 13 21 0 5 0 5 -30 -25 -20 -13 -40 -33 -40 -33 -7 0 Unit dBm dB Table 13: Receiver radio characteristics at enhanced data rate and temperature 20C Notes: 1. Results shown are referenced to input of the RF balun 2. Measurements methods are in accordance with the EDR RF Test Specification v2.1.E.2 3. Up to five exceptions are allowed in EDR RF Test Specification v2.1.E.2. WT12 is guaranteed to meet the C/I performance as specified by the EDR RF Test Specification v2.1.E.2. 4. Measured at F0 = 2405MHz, 2441MHz, 2477MHz Bluegiga Technologies Oy 4 WT12 Pin Description WT12 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 30 29 GND RF GND GND GND VDD NC PIO2 TXD PIO3 PIO5 NRTS MOSI RXD MISO PCMO SCLK USB_D+ NCSB USB_DPIO4 NCTS PIO7 PCMI PIO6 PCMC RES PCMS VDD GND GND 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 Figure 3: WT12 connection diagram GND (pins 1, 14, 15, 28, 29 and 31) Connect GND pins to the ground plane of PCB. VDD (pins 2 and 16) 3.3 V supply voltage connection. WT12 has an internal decoupling capacitor and LC filter to block high frequency disturbances. Thus external filtering is usually not needed. It is however recommended to leave an option for an external high Q 10pF decoupling capacitor in case EMC problems arise. RES (pin 17) The RESET pin is an active high reset and is internally filtered using the internal low frequency clock oscillator. A reset will be performed between 1.5 and 4.0ms following RESET being active. It is recommended that RESET be applied for a period greater than 5ms. WT12 has an internal reset circuitry, which keeps reset pin active until supply voltage has reached stability in the start up. This ensures that supply for the flash memory inside the WT12 will reach stability before BC4 chip fetches instructions from it. Schematic of the reset circuitry is shown in Figure 4. Rising supply voltage charges the capacitor, which will activate the reset of WT12. The capacitor discharges through 220 k resistor, which eventually deactivates the reset. Time constant of the RC circuitry is set such that the supply voltage is safely stabilized before reset deactivates. Pull-up or pull-down resistor should not be connected to the reset pin to ensure proper star up of WT12. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Figure 4: WT12 internal reset circuitry PIO2 – PIO7 (pins 3, 4, 18, 19, 20 and 25) Programmable digital I/O lines. All PIO lines can be configured through software to have either weak or strong pull-ups or pull-downs. Configuration for each PIO line depends on the application. See section 10 “I/O parallel ports” for detailed descriptions for each terminal. Default configuration for all of the PIO lines is input with weak internal pull-down. NC (pin 27) This pin is internally connected to PIO1. NRTS (pin 5) CMOS output with weak internal pull-up. Can be used to implement RS232 hardware flow control where RTS (request to send) is active low indicator. UART interface requires external RS232 transceiver chip. NCTS (pin 10) CMOS input with weak internal pull-down. Can be used to implement RS232 hardware flow control where CTS (clear to send) is active low indicator. UART interface requires external RS232 transceiver chip. RXD (pin 6) CMOS input with weak internal pull-down. RXD is used to implement UART data transfer from another device to WT12. UART interface requires external RS232 transceiver chip. TXD (pin 26) CMOS output with weak internal pull-up. TXD is used to implement UART data transfer from WT12 to another device. UART interface requires external RS232 transceiver chip. PCMO (pin 7) CMOS output with weak internal pull-down. Used in PCM (pulse code modulation) interface to transmit digitized audio. PCMI (pin 11) CMOS input with weak internal pull-down. Used in PCM interface to receive digitized audio. PCMC (pin 12) Bi-directional synchronous data clock signal pin with weak internal pull-down. PCMC is used in PCM interface to transmit or receive CLK signal. When configured as a master, WT12 generates clock signal for the PCM interface. When configured as a slave PCMC is an input and receives the clock signal from another device. PCMS (pin 13) Bi-directional synchronous data strobe with weak internal pull-down. When configured as a master, WT12 generates SYNC signal for the PCM interface. When configured as a slave PCMS is an input and receives the SYNC signal from another device. Bluegiga Technologies Oy USB_D+ (pin 8) Bi-directional USB data line with a selectable internal 1.5 k pull-up implemented as a current source (compliant with USB specification v1.2) External series resistor is required to match the connection to the characteristic impedance of the USB cable. USB_D- (pin 9) Bi-directional USB data line. External series resistor is required to match the connection to the characteristic impedance of the USB cable. NCSB (pin 21) CMOS input with weak internal pull-up. Active low chip select for SPI (serial peripheral interface). SCLK (pin 22) CMOS input for the SPI clock signal with weak internal pull-down. WT12 is the slave and receives the clock signal from the device operating as a master. MISO (pin 23) SPI data output with weak internal pull-down. MOSI (pin 24) SPI data input with weak internal pull-down. RF (pin 30) Connect external RF-transceiver antenna to this pin when chip antenna is not in use. Bluegiga Technologies Oy 5 Physical Interfaces 5.1 UART Interface WT12 Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) interface provides a simple mechanism for communicating with other serial devices using the RS232 standard. The UART interface of WT12 uses voltage levels of 0 to Vdd and thus external transceiver IC is required to meet the voltage level specifications of UART. UART_TX UART_RX WT12 UART_RTS UART_CTS Figure 5: WT12 UART interface Four signals are used to implement the UART function, as shown in Figure 5. When WT12 is connected to another digital device, UART_RX and UART_TX transfer data between the two devices. The remaining two signals, UART_CTS and UART_RTS, can be used to implement RS232 hardware flow control where both are active low indicators. DTR, DSR and DCD signals can be implemented using PIO terminals of WT12. All UART connections are implemented using CMOS technology and have signaling levels of 0V and VDD. In order to communicate with the UART at its maximum data rate using a standard PC, an accelerated serial port adapter card is required for the PC. Possible values Parameter Baud rate Minimum Maximum 1200 baud (≤2%Error) 9600 baud (≤1%Error) 3.0Mbaud (≤1%Error) RTS/CTS, none Flow control None, Odd, Even Parity Number of stop bits Bits per channel 1 or 2 8 Table 14: Possible UART settings The UART interface is capable of resetting WT12 upon reception of a break signal. A Break is identified by a continuous logic low (0V) on the UART_RX terminal, as shown in Figure 6. If tBRK is longer than the value, defined by the PS Key PSKEY_HOST_IO_UART_RESET_TIMEOUT, (0x1a4), a reset will occur. Values below 1000 are treated as zero and values above 255000 are truncated to 255000. This feature allows a host to initialize the system to a known state. Also, WT12 can emit a Break character that may be used to wake the Host. Since UART_RX terminal includes weak internal pull-down, it can’t be left open unless disabling UART interface using PS_KEY settings. If UART is not disabled, a pull-up resistor has to be connected to UART_RX. UART interface requires external RS232 transceiver, which usually includes the required pull-up. Bluegiga Technologies Oy tBRK UART_RX Figure 6: Break signal Note: Table 15 shows a list of commonly used Baud rates and their associated values for the Persistent Store Key PSKEY_UART_BAUD_RATE (0x204). There is no requirement to use these standard values. Any Baud rate within the supported range can be set in the Persistent Store Key according to the formula in Equation below. Baud Rate = PSKEY_UART_BAUD_RATE 0.004096 Figure 7: Baud rate calculation formula Persistent store values Hex Dec 5 0x0005 10 0x000a 20 0x0014 39 0x0027 79 0x004f 157 0x009d 263 0x00ec 315 0x013b 472 0x01d8 944 0x03b0 1887 0x075f 3775 0x0ebf 5662 0x161e 7550 0x1d7e 11325 0x2c3d Baud rate 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 76800 115200 230400 460800 921600 1382400 1843200 2765800 Error 1.73% 1.73% 1.73% -0.82% 0.45% -0.18% 0.03% 0.14% 0.03% 0.03% -0.02% 0.00% -0.01% 0.00% 0.00% Table 15: UART baud rates and error values 5.1.1 UART Configuration While RESET is Active The UART interface for WT12 while the chip is being held in reset is tri-state. This will allow the user to daisy chain devices onto the physical UART bus. The constraint on this method is that any devices connected to this bus must tri-state when WT12reset is de-asserted and the firmware begins to run. 5.1.2 UART Bypass Mode Alternatively, for devices that do not tri-state the UART bus, the UART bypass mode on WT12 can be used. The default state of WT12 after reset is de-asserted, this is for the host UART bus to be connected to the WT12 UART, thereby allowing communication to WT12 via the UART. In order to apply the UART bypass mode, a BCCMD command will be issued to WT12 upon this, it will switch the bypass to PIO[7:4] as shown in Figure 8. Once the bypass mode has been invoked, WT12 will enter the deep sleep state indefinitely. In order to re-establish communication with WT12, the chip must be reset so that the default configuration takes affect. Bluegiga Technologies Oy It is important for the host to ensure a clean Bluetooth disconnection of any active links before the bypass mode is invoked. Therefore it is not possible to have active Bluetooth links while operating the bypass mode. The current consumption for a device in UART Bypass Mode is equal to the values quoted for a device in standby mode. RESET RXD Host CTS processor RTS TXD Test interface UART_TX PIO4 UART_RTS PIO5 UART_CTS PIO6 UART_RX PIO7 UART WT12 Figure 8: UART bypass mode Bluegiga Technologies Oy TX RTS Another device CTS RX 5.2 USB Interface WT12 USB devices contain a full speed (12Mbits/s) USB interface that is capable of driving a USB cable directly. No external USB transceiver is required. To match the connection to the characteristic impedance of the USB cable, series resistors must be included to both of the signal lines. These should be of 1% tolerance and the value required may vary between 0 and 20 ohm with 10 ohm being nominal. The resistors should be placed close to the USB pins of the module in order to avoid reflections. The module has internally 22 ohm resistors in series. The total input impedance seen by the cable is affected by the IC characteristics, track layout and the connector. The cable impedance is approximately 40 ohm. The device operates as a USB peripheral, responding to requests from a master host controller such as a PC. Both the OHCI and the UHCI standards are supported. The set of USB endpoints implemented can behave as specified in the USB section of the Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification or alternatively can appear as a set of endpoint appropriate to USB audio devices such as speakers. As USB is a Master/Slave oriented system (in common with other USB peripherals), WT12 only supports USB Slave operation. 5.2.1 USB Pull-Up Resistor WT12 features an internal USB pull-up resistor. This pulls the USB_DP pin weakly high when WT12 is ready to enumerate. It signals to the PC that it is a full speed (12Mbit/s) USB device. The USB internal pull-up is implemented as a current source, and is compliant with Section 7.1.5 of the USB specification v1.2. The internal pull-up pulls USB_D+ high to at least 2.8V when loaded with a 15k +/-5% pull-down resistor (in the hub/host). This presents a Therein resistance to the host of at least 900. Alternatively, an external 1.5k pull-up resistor can be placed between a PIO line and D+ on the USB cable. The firmware must be alerted to which mode is used by setting PS Key PSKEY_USB_PIO_PULLUP appropriately. The default setting uses the internal pull-up resistor. 5.2.2 Self Powered Mode In self powered mode, the circuit is powered from its own power supply and not from the VBUS (5V) line of the USB cable. It draws only a small leakage current (below 0.5mA) from VBUS on the USB cable. This is the easier mode for which to design for, as the design is not limited by the power that can be drawn from the USB hub or root port. However, it requires that VBUS be connected to WT12 via a voltage devider (Rvb1 and Rvb2), so WT12 can detect when VBUS is powered up. Voltage divider is essential to drop the 5V voltage at the VBUS to 3,3V expected at the USB interface of WT12. WT12 will not pull USB_DP high when VBUS is off. Self powered USB designs (powered from a battery or PSU) must ensure that a PIO line is allocated for USB pull-up purposes. A 1.5K 5% pull-up resistor between USB_DP and the selected PIO line should be fitted to the design. Failure to fit this resistor may result in the design failing to be USB compliant in self powered mode. The internal pull-up in WT12 is only suitable for bus powered USB devices i.e. dongles. PIO R =1.5k USB_D+ WT12 USB_DUSB_ON Rvb1 Rvb2 Figure 9: USB in self powered mode Bluegiga Technologies Oy The terminal marked USB_ON can be any free PIO pin. The PIO pin selected must be registered by setting PSKEY_USB_PIO_VBUS to the corresponding pin number. In self powered mode PSKEY_USB_PIO_PULLUP must be set to match with the PIO selected. Note: USB_ON is shared with WT12 PIO terminals (PIO2-PIO7). 5.2.3 Bus Powered Mode In bus powered mode the application circuit draws its current from the 5V VBUS supply on the USB cable. WT12 negotiates with the PC during the USB enumeration stage about how much current it is allowed to consume. For WT12 Bluetooth applications, it is recommended that the regulator used to derive 3.3V from VBUS is rated at 100mA average current and should be able to handle peaks of 120mA without fold back or limiting. In bus powered mode, WT12 requests 100mA during enumeration. When selecting a regulator, be aware that VBUS may go as low as 4.4V. The inrush current (when charging reservoir and supply decoupling capacitors) is limited by the USB specification (see USB specification v1.1, Section 7.2.4.1). Some applications may require soft start circuitry to limit inrush current if more than 10pF is present between VBUS and GND. The 5V VBUS line emerging from a PC is often electrically noisy. As well as regulation down to 3.3V, applications should include careful filtering of the 5V line to attenuate noise that is above the voltage regulator bandwidth. In bus powered mode PSKEY_USB_PIO_PULLUP must be set to 16 for internal pull-up (default configuration in WT12). USB_D+ WT12 USB_DUSB_ON VBUS GND Voltage regulator Figure 10: USB in bus powered mode 5.2.4 Suspend Current All USB devices must permit the USB controller to place them in a USB Suspend mode. While in USB Suspend, bus powered devices must not draw more than 0.5mA from USB VBUS (self powered devices may draw more than 0.5mA from their own supply). This current draw requirement prevents operation of the radio by bus powered devices during USB Suspend. The voltage regulator circuit itself should draw only a small quiescent current (typically less than 100uA) to ensure adherence to the suspend current requirement of the USB specification. This is not normally a problem with modern regulators. Ensure that external LEDs and/or amplifiers can be turned off by WT12. The entire circuit must be able to enter the suspend mode. (For more details on USB Suspend, see separate CSR documentation). 5.2.5 Detach and Wake-Up Signaling WT12 can provide out-of-band signaling to a host controller by using the control lines called ‘USB_DETACH’ and ‘USB_WAKE_UP’. These are outside the USB specification (no wires exist for them inside the USB cable), but can be useful when embedding WT12 into a circuit where no external USB is visible to the user. Both control lines are shared with PIO pins and can be assigned to any PIO Bluegiga Technologies Oy pin by setting the PS Keys PSKEY_USB_PIO_DETACH and PSKEY_USB_PIO_WAKEUP to the selected PIO number. USB_DETACH is an input which, when asserted high, causes WT12 to put USB_D- and USB_D+ in high impedance state and turned off the pull-up resistor on D+. This detaches the device from the bus and is logically equivalent to unplugging the device. When USB_DETACH is taken low, WT12 will connect back to USB and await enumeration by the USB host. USB_WAKE_UP is an active high output (used only when USB_DETACH is active) to wake up the host and allow USB communication to recommence. It replaces the function of the software USB WAKE_UP message (which runs over the USB cable), and cannot be sent while WT12 is effectively disconnected from the bus. 10ms max 10ms max USB_DETACH 10ms max No max USB_WAKE_UP Port_Imbedance USB_DPUSB_DN USB_PULL_UP Disconnected Figure 11: USB_DETACH and USB_WAKE_UP Signal 5.2.6 USB Driver A USB Bluetooth device driver is required to provide a software interface between WT12 and Bluetooth software running on the host computer. Suitable drivers are available from www.bluegiga.com/techforum/. 5.2.7 USB 1.1 Compliance WT12 is qualified to the USB specification v1.1, details of which are available from http://www.usb.org. The specification contains valuable information on aspects such as PCB track impedance, supply inrush current and product labeling. Although WT12 meets the USB specification, Bluegiga Technologies cannot guarantee that an application circuit designed around the module is USB compliant. The choice of application circuit, component choice and PCB layout all affect USB signal quality and electrical characteristics. The information in this document is intended as a guide and should be read in association with the USB specification, with particular attention being given to Chapter 7. Independent USB qualification must be sought before an application is deemed USB compliant and can bear the USB logo. Such qualification can be obtained from a USB plug fest or from an independent USB test house. Terminals USB_D+ and USB_D- adhere to the USB specification 2.0 (Chapter 7) electrical requirements. 5.2.8 USB 2.0 Compatibility WT12 is compatible with USB v2.0 host controllers; under these circumstances the two ends agree the mutually acceptable rate of 12Mbits/s according to the USB v2.0 specification. Bluegiga Technologies Oy 5.3 SPI Interface The synchronous serial port interface (SPI) is for interfacing with other digital devices. The SPI port can be used for system debugging. It can also be used for programming the Flash memory. SPI interface is connected using the MOSI, MISO, CSB and CLK pins. The module operates as a slave and thus MISO is an output of the module. MISO is not in highimpedance state when CSB is pulled high. Instead, the module outputs 0 if the processor is running and 1 if it is stopped. Thus WT12 should not be connected in a multi-slave arrangement by simple parallel connection of slave MISO lines. The SPI interface cannot be used for application purposes, but is dedicated for debugging and firmware updates. Bluegiga Technologies Oy 5.4 PCM Interface Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a standard method used to digitize audio (particularly voice) patterns for transmission over digital communication channels. Through its PCM interface, WT12 has hardware support for continual transmission and reception of PCM data, thus reducing processor overhead for wireless headset applications. WT12 offers a bi directional digital audio interface that routes directly into the baseband layer of the on chip firmware. It does not pass through the HCI protocol layer. Hardware on WT12 allows the data to be sent to and received from a SCO connection. Up to three SCO connections can be supported by the PCM interface at any one time. WT12 can operate as the PCM interface Master generating an output clock of 128, 256 or 512kHz. When configured as PCM interface slave it can operate with an input clock up to 2048kHz. WT12 is compatible with a variety of clock formats, including Long Frame Sync, Short Frame Sync and GCI timing environments. It supports 13 or 16-bit linear, 8-bit -law or A-law companded sample formats at 8ksamples/s and can receive and transmit on any selection of three of the first four slots following PCM_SYNC. The PCM configuration options are enabled by setting the PS Key PS KEY_PCM_CONFIG32 (0x1b3). WT12 interfaces directly to PCM audio devices including the following: Qualcomm MSM 3000 series and MSM 5000 series CDMA baseband devices OKI MSM7705 four channel A-law and -law CODEC Motorola MC145481 8-bit A-law and -law CODEC Motorola MC145483 13-bit linear CODEC STW 5093 and 5094 14-bit linear CODECs BlueCore4-External is also compatible with the Motorola SSI™ interface 5.4.1 PCM Interface Master/Slave When configured as the Master of the PCM interface, WT12 generates PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC. PCM_OUT WT12 PCM_IN PCM_CLK PCM_SYNC 128/256/512 kHz 8kHz Figure 12: WT12 as PCM master When configured as the Slave of the PCM interface, WT12 accepts PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC. PCM_CLK rates up to 2048kHz are accepted. Bluegiga Technologies Oy PCM_OUT WT12 PCM_IN Up to 2048kHz PCM_CLK PCM_SYNC 8kHz Figure 13: WT12 as PCM slave 5.4.2 Long Frame Sync Long Frame Sync is the name given to a clocking format that controls the transfer of PCM data words or samples. In Long Frame Sync, the rising edge of PCM_SYNC indicates the start of the PCM word. When WT12 is configured as PCM Master, generating PCM_SYNC and PCM_CLK, then PCM_SYNC is 8-bits long. When BlueCore4-External is configured as PCM Slave, PCM_SYNC may be from two consecutive falling edges of PCM_CLK to half the PCM_SYNC rate, i.e. 62.5s long. WT12 samples PCM_IN on the falling edge of PCM_CLK and transmits PCM_OUT on the rising edge. PCM_OUT may be configured to be high impedance on the falling edge of PCM_CLK in the LSB position or on the rising edge. PCM_SYNC PCM_CLK PCM_OUT PCM_IN undefined 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 undefined Figure 14: Long frame sync (shown with 8-bit Companded Sample) 5.4.3 Short Frame Sync In Short Frame Sync the falling edge of PCM_SYNC indicates the start of the PCM word. PCM_SYNC is always one clock cycle long. PCM_SYNC PCM_CLK PCM_OUT PCM_IN undefined 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Figure 15: Short frame sync (shown with 16-bit Companded Sample) Bluegiga Technologies Oy undefined As with Long Frame Sync, WT12 samples PCM_IN on the falling edge of PCM_CLK and transmits PCM_OUT on the rising edge. PCM_OUT may be configured to be high impedance on the falling edge of PCM_CLK in the LSB position or on the rising edge. 5.4.4 Multi Slot Operation More than one SCO connection over the PCM interface is supported using multiple slots. Up to three SCO connections can be carried over any of the first four slots. SHORT_PCM_SYNC OR LONG_PCM_SYNC PCM_CLK PCM_OUT PCM_IN undefined 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 undefined Figure 16: Multi Slot Operation with Two Slots and 8-bit Companded Samples 5.4.5 GCI Interface WT12 is compatible with the General Circuit Interface, a standard synchronous 2B+D ISDN timing interface. The two 64Kbps B channels can be accessed when this mode is configured. PCM_SYNC PCM_CLK PCM_OUT PCM_IN undefined 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 undefined Figure 17: GCI Interface The start of frame is indicated by the rising edge of PCM_SYNC and runs at 8kHz. With WT12 in Slave mode, the frequency of PCM_CLK can be up to 4.096MHz. 5.4.6 Slots and Sample Formats WT12 can receive and transmit on any selection of the first four slots following each sync pulse. Slot durations can be either 8 or 16 clock cycles. Duration’s of 8 clock cycles may only be used with 8-bit sample formats. Durations of 16 clocks may be used with 8, 13 or 16-bit sample formats. WT12 supports 13-bit linear, 16-bit linear and 8-bit -law or A-law sample formats. The sample rate is 8ksamples/s. The bit order may be little or big Endian. When 16-bit slots are used, the 3 or 8 unused bits in each slot may be filled with sign extension, padded with zeros or a programmable 3-bit audio attenuation compatible with some Motorola CODECs. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Sign extension PCM_OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8-bit sample Figure 18: 16-bit slot with 8-bit companded sample and sign extension selected 8-bit sample PCM_OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Zeros padding Figure 19: 16-bit slot with 8-bit companded sample and zeros padding selected 3-bit sign extension PCM_OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 13-bit sample Figure 20: 16-bit slot with 13-bit linear sample and sign extension selected 13-bit sample PCM_OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Audio gain Figure 21: 16-bit slot with 13-bit linear sample and audio gain selected 5.4.7 Additional Features WT12 has a mute facility that forces PCM_OUT to be 0. In Master mode, PCM_SYNC may also be forced to 0 while keeping PCM_CLK running which some CODECS use to control power down. 5.4.8 PCM Configuration The PCM configuration is set using two PS Keys, PSKEY_PCM_CONFIG32 and PSKEY_PCM_LOW_JITTER_CONFIG. The following tables detail these PS Keys. The default for PSKEY_PCM_CONFIG32 key is 0x00800000 i.e. first slot following sync is active, 13-bit linear voice format, long frame sync and interface master generating 256kHz PCM_CLK from 4MHz internal clock with no tri-stating of PCM_OUT. PSKEY_PCM_LOW_JITTER_CONFIG is described in Table 17. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Name Bit position Description - 0 SLAVE MODE EN 1 SHORT SYNC EN 2 - 3 SIGN EXTENDED EN 4 LSB FIRST EN 5 Set to 0 0 selects Master mode with internal generation of PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC. 1 selects Slave mode requiring externally generated PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC. This should be set to 1 if 48M_PCM_CLK_GEN_EN (bit 11) is set. 0 selects long frame sync (rising edge indicates start of frame), 1 selects short frame sync (falling edge indicates start of frame). Set to 0 0 selects padding of 8 or 13-bit voice sample into a 16- bit slot by inserting extra LSBs, 1 selects sign extension. When padding is selected with 3-bit voice sample, the 3 padding bits are the audio gain setting; with 8-bit samples the 8 padding bits are zeroes. 0 transmits and receives voice samples MSB first, 1 uses LSB first. TX TRISTATE EN 6 0 drives PCM_OUT continuously, 1 tri-states PCM_OUT immediately after the falling edge of PCM_CLK in the last bit of an active slot, assuming the next slot is not active. TX TRISTATE RISING EDGE EN 7 0 tristates PCM_OUT immediately after the falling edge of PCM_CLK in the last bit of an active slot, assuming the next slot is also not active. 1 tristates PCM_OUT after the rising edge of PCM_CLK. SYNC SUPPRESS EN 8 GCI MODE EN MUTE EN 9 10 48M PCM CLK GEN EN 11 LONG LENGTH SYNC EN 12 - [20:16] MASTER CLK RATE [22:21] ACTIVE SLOT [26:23] SAMPLE_FORMAT Name CNT LIMIT CNT RATE SYNC LIMIT 0 enables PCM_SYNC output when master, 1 suppresses PCM_SYNC whilst keeping PCM_CLK running. Some CODECS utilize this to enter a low power state. 1 enables GCI mode. 1 forces PCM_OUT to 0. 0 sets PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC generation via DDS from internal 4 MHz clock, as for BlueCore4-External. 1 sets PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC generation via DDS from internal 48 MHz clock. 0 sets PCM_SYNC length to 8 PCM_CLK cycles and 1 sets length to 16 PCM_CLK cycles. Only applies for long frame sync and with 48M_PCM_CLK_GEN_EN set to 1. Set to 0b00000. Selects 128 (0b01), 256 (0b00), 512 (0b10) kHz PCM_CLK frequency when master and 48M_PCM_CLK_GEN_EN (bit 11) is low. Default is 0001. Ignored by firmaware Selects between 13 (0b00), 16 (0b01), 8 (0b10) bit sample with 16 [28:27] cycle slot duration 8 (0b11) bit sample 8 cycle slot duration. Table 16: PSKEY_PCM_CONFIG32 description Bit position [12:0] [23:16] [31:24] Description Sets PCM_CLK counter limit Sets PCM_CLK count rate. Sets PCM_SYNC division relative to PCM_CLK. Table 17: PSKEY_PCM_LOW_JITTER_CONFIG Description Bluegiga Technologies Oy 6 I/O Parallel Ports The Parallel Input Output (PIO) Port is a general-purpose I/O interface to WT12. The port consists of six programmable, bi-directional I/O lines, PIO[2:7]. Programmable I/O lines can be accessed either via an embedded application running on WT12 or via private channel or manufacturer-specific HCI commands. All PIO lines are configured as inputs with weak pull downs at reset. PIO[2] / USB_PULL_UP (1) The function depends on whether WT12 is a USB or UART capable version. On UART versions, this terminal is a programmable I/O. On USB versions, it can drive a pull-up resistor on USB_D+. For application using external RAM this terminal may be programmed for chip select. PIO[3] / USB_WAKE_UP (1) On UART versions of WT12 this terminal is a programmable I/O. On USB versions, its function is selected by setting the Persistent Store Key PSKEY_USB_PIO_WAKEUP (0x2cf) either as a programmable I/O or as a USB_WAKE_UP function. PIO[4] / USB_ON (1) On UART versions of WT12 this terminal is a programmable I/O. On USB versions, the USB_ON function is also selectable. PIO[5] / USB_DETACH (1) On UART versions of WT12 this terminal is a programmable I/O. On USB versions, the USB_DETACH function is also selectable. PIO[6] / CLK_REQ Function is determined by Persistent Store Keys. Using PSKEY_CLOCK_REQUEST_ENABLE, (0x246) this terminal can be configured to be low when WT12 is in deep sleep and high when a clock is required. The clock must be supplied within 4ms of the rising edge of PIO[6] to avoid losing timing accuracy in certain Bluetooth operating modes. PIO[7] Programmable I/O terminal. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 32 of 52 7 Software Stacks WT12 is supplied with Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR compliant stack firmware, which runs on the internal RISC microcontroller. The WT12 software architecture allows Bluetooth processing and the application program to be shared in different ways between the internal RISC microcontroller and an external host processor (if any). The upper layers of the Bluetooth stack (above HCI) can be run either on-chip or on the host processor. 7.1 iWRAP Stack iWRAP RFCOMM SDP L2CAP HCI LM LC 48kB RAM UART Host Baseband MCU Host I/O I/O Radio PCM PCM I/O Figure 22: WRAP THOR VM Stack In Figure 22 above, the iWRAP software solution is described. In this version of the stack firmware shown no host processor is required to run the Bluetooth protocol stack. All software layers, including application software, run on the internal RISC processor in a protected user software execution environment known as a Virtual Machine (VM). The host processor interfaces to iWRAP software via one or more of the physical interfaces, which are also shown in the Figure 22. The most common interfacing is done via UART interface using the ASCII commands supported by the iWRAP software. With these ASCII commands the user can access Bluetooth functionality without paying any attention to the complexity, which lies in the Bluetooth protocol stack. The user may write applications code to run on the host processor to control iWRAP software with ASCII commands and to develop Bluetooth powered applications. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 33 of 52 7.2 HCI Stack HCI LM LC 48kB RAM Baseband MCU USB UART Host Host I/O I/O Radio PCM PCM I/O Figure 23: HCI Stack In the implementation shown in Figure 23 the internal processor runs the Bluetooth stack up to the Host Controller Interface (HCI). The Host processor must provide all upper layers including the application. 7.2.1 Standard functionality The firmware was written against the Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR specification and supports the following functionality: Secure simple pairing Sniff subrating Encryption pause resume Packet boundary flags Extended inquiry response AFH as Master and Automatic Channel Classification Faster connection - enhanced inquiry scan (immediate FHS response) LMP improvements Parameter ranges Fast Connect - Interlaced Inquiry and Page Scan plus RSSI during Inquiry SCO handle Bluetooth components: Baseband (including LC) LM Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 34 of 52 HCI Standard UART and USB HCI Transport Layers All standard Bluetooth radio packet types Full Bluetooth data rate, enhanced data rates of 2 and 3Mbps. This is the maximum allowed by Operation with up to seven active ACL links Scatternet v2.5 operation eSCO Operation with up to three SCO or eSCO links routed to one or more remote devices (dependent on the parameters requested by the host, for example, to have three HV3 SCO links, all the links must go to slave devices) All standard SCO voice coding including transparent SCO Standard operating modes: Page, Inquiry, Page-Scan and Inquiry-Scan All standard pairing, authentication, link key and encryption operations Standard Bluetooth power saving mechanisms: Hold, Sniff and Park modes, including Forced Hold Dynamic control of peers' transmit power via LMP Master/Slave switch Broadcast Channel quality driven data rate All standard Bluetooth test modes EDR Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 35 of 52 7.2.2 Extra functionality: The release extends the standard Bluetooth functionality with the following features: Support for BCSP, a proprietary, reliable alternative to the standard Bluetooth UART Host Transport (H4) o A set of manufacturer-specific HCI extension commands, called BCCMDs, which provide: o Access to the IC’s general-purpose PIO port o Negotiated effective encryption key length on established Bluetooth links o Access to the firmware’s random number generator o Controls to set the default and maximum transmit powers; helping to reduce interference between overlapping, fixed-location piconets o UART configuration o Radio transmitter enable/disable; using a simple command to connect to a dedicated hardware switch that determines whether the radio can transmit o Control of audio routing The firmware can read the voltage on several of the IC’s external pins. This is normally used to build a battery monitor, using either VM or host code (BlueCore4-Audio Flash can also read the battery voltage internally). The firmware provides support using VM to control the on-chip Battery Charger hardware for those Ics that provide this functionality A block of BCCMDs provides access to the IC’s PS configuration database. The database holds the device’s Bluetooth address, Class of Device, radio (transmit class) configuration, SCO routing, LM and USB constants, etc. A UART break condition can be used in three ways: o Presenting a UART break condition to the IC can force the IC to perform a hardware reboot o Presenting a break condition at boot time can hold the IC in a low power state, preventing normal initialisation while the condition exists o With BCSP, the firmware can be configured to assert a break condition to the host before sending data; normally used to wake the host from a Deep Sleep state The DFU v1.0 standard has been extended with public/private key authentication, allowing manufacturers to control the firmware that can be loaded onto their Bluetooth modules A modified version of the DFU v1.0 protocol allows firmware upgrade via the IC’s UART A block of “radio test” or BIST commands allows direct control of the IC’s radio. This aids the development of modules’ radio designs, and can be used to support Bluetooth qualification. The firmware provides the VM environment in which to run application-specific code. Although the VM is mainly used with BlueLab, the VM can be used with this build, configured to act as an HCI device, to perform simple tasks such as flashing LEDs via the IC’s PIO port. Hardware low power modes: Shallow Sleep and Deep Sleep. The IC drops into modes that significantly reduce power consumption when the software goes idle. Support for eSCO connections at both HCI and RFCOMM levels SCO and eSCO channels are normally routed over HCI (over BCSP). However, up to three SCO/eSCO channels can be routed over the IC’s single PCM port (at the same time as routing any other SCO/eSCO channels over HCI). One SCO/eSCO link can be routed over the internal codec. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 36 of 52 7.3 VM Stack VM Application Software RFCOMM SDP L2CAP HCI LM LC 48kB RAM Baseband MCU USB Host I/O UART Host Radio I/O PCM I/O PCM Figure 24: VM Stack In figure above, this version of the stack firmware shown requires no host processor (but can use a host processor for debugging etc.). All software layers, including application software, run on the internal RISC processor in a protected user software execution environment known as a Virtual Machine (VM). The user may write custom application code to run on the BlueCore VM using BlueLab™ software development kit (SDK) supplied with the Casira development kit, available separately from Bluegiga or directly form CSR. This code will then execute alongside the main WRAP THOR firmware. The user is able to make calls to the WRAP THOR firmware for various operations. WRAP THOR firmware is not equal to iWRAP firmware, which on the contrary does not allow user to run own firmware in the module. The execution environment is structured so the user application does not adversely affect the main software routines, thus ensuring that the Bluetooth stack software component does not need re-qualification when the application is changed. Using the VM and the BlueLab SDK the user is able to develop applications such as a cordless headset or other profiles without the requirement of a host controller. BlueLab is supplied with example code including a full implementation of the headset profile. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 37 of 52 Notes: Sample applications to control PIO lines can also be written with BlueLab SDK and the VM for the HCI stack. 7.4 Software Development WT12 Evaluation Kits are available to allow the evaluation of the WT12 hardware and software as well CSR BlueLab toolkit for developing on-chip and host software. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 38 of 52 8 Enhanced Data Rate EDR has been introduced to provide 2x and optionally 3x data rates with minimal disruption to higher layers of the Bluetooth stack. CSR supports both of the new data rates, with WT12. WT12 is compliant with revision v2.0.E.2 of the specification. 8.1 Enhanced Data Rate Baseband At the baseband level EDR uses the same 1.6kHz slot rate as basic data rate and therefore the packets can be 1, 3, or 5 slots long as per the basic data rate. Where EDR differs from the basic data rate is that in the same 1MHz symbol rate 2 or 3bits are used per symbol, compared to 1bit per symbol used by the basic data rate. To achieve the increase in number of bits symbol, two new modulation schemes have been introduced as summarized in Table 18 presented below and the modulation schemes are explained in the further sections. Scheme Basic data rate Enhanced data rate Enhanced data rate Bits per symbol 1 2 3 Modulation GFSK P/4 DQPSK 8DPSK (optional) Table 18: Data rate schemes Although the EDR uses new packets Link establishment and management are unchanged and still use Basic Rate packets. 8.2 Enhanced Data Rate 4-state Differential Phase Shift Keying 2 bits determine phase shift between consecutive symbols 2 bits determine phase shift between consecutive symbols S/4 rotation avoids phase shift of S, which would cause large amplitude variation Raised Cosine pulse shaping filter to further reduce side band emissions Bit pattern 00 01 10 11 Phase shift Table 19: 2 bits determine phase shift between consecutive symbols 8.3 8DQPSK 8-state Differential Phase-Shift Keying Three bits determine phase shift between consecutive symbols. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 39 of 52 Bit pattern Phase shift Table 20: 3 bits determine phase shift between consecutive symbols Figure 25: 8DQPSK Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 40 of 52 9 Layout and Soldering Considerations 9.1 Soldering recommendations WT12 is compatible with industrial standard reflow profile for Pb-free solders. The reflow profile used is dependent on the thermal mass of the entire populated PCB, heat transfer efficiency of the oven and particular type of solder paste used. Consult the datasheet of particular solder paste for profile configurations. Bluegiga Technologies will give following recommendations for soldering the module to ensure reliable solder joint and operation of the module after soldering. Since the profile used is process and layout dependent, the optimum profile should be studied case by case. Thus following recommendation should be taken as a starting point guide. Refer to technical documentations of particular solder paste for profile configurations Avoid using more than one flow. Reliability of the solder joint and self-alignment of the component are dependent on the solder volume. Minimum of 150m stencil thickness is recommended. Aperture size of the stencil should be 1:1 with the pad size. A low residue, “no clean” solder paste should be used due to low mounted height of the component. 9.2 Layout guidelines It is strongly recommended to use good layout practices to ensure proper operation of the module. Placing copper or any metal near antenna deteriorates its operation by having effect on the matching properties. Metal shield around the antenna will prevent the radiation and thus metal case should not be used with the module. Use grounding vias separated max 3 mm apart at the edge of grounding areas to prevent RF penetrating inside the PCB and causing an unintentional resonator. Use GND vias all around the PCB edges. Figure 26 illustrates recommended PCB design around the antenna of WT12 when the module is placed at the edge of a PCB. Do not place copper on the top layer under the module, as shown in Figure 26. The module has vias on the area shown, which can cause short circuit if there is copper underneath. Any metal placed closer than 20 mm in any direction from the antenna changes the matching properties and thus will considerably deteriorate the RF performance of the module. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 41 of 52 Figure 26: Suggested PCB design around ACX antenna with the module at the edge of PCB Following recommendations helps to avoid EMC problems arising in the design. Note that each design is unique and the following list do not consider all basic design rules such as avoiding capacitive coupling between signal lines. Following list is aimed to avoid EMC problems caused by RF part of the module. Use good consideration to avoid problems arising from digital signals in the design. Do not remove copper from the PCB more than needed. Use ground filling as much as possible. However remove small floating islands after copper pour. Do not place a ground plane underneath the antenna. The grounding areas under the module should be designed as shown in Figure 26. Use conductive vias separated max. 3 mm apart at the edge of the ground areas. This prevents RF to penetrate inside the PCB. Use ground vias extensively all over the PCB. If you allow RF freely inside the PCB, you have a potential resonator in your hand. All the traces in (and on) the PCB are potential antennas. Avoid loops. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 42 of 52 Ensure that signal lines have return paths as short as possible. For example if a signal goes to an inner layer through a via, always use ground vias around it. Locate them tightly and symmetrically around the signal vias. Routing of any sensitive signals should be done in the inner layers of the PCB. Sensitive traces should have a ground area above and under the line. If this is not possible make sure that the return path is short by other means (for example using a ground line next to the signal line). Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 43 of 52 10 WT12 physical dimensions 25.6 mm 14.0 mm 10.0 mm Blue giga 0.6 mm 20.0 mm 5.0 mm 2.4 mm 2.0 mm Tolerance for all the dimensions +/- 0.2 mm Figure 27: WT12 dimensions Figure 28: WT12 foot print Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 44 of 52 Figure 29: WT12 recommended PCB land pattern Figure 30: WT12 pad dimensions Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 45 of 52 11 Package Reel Configuration and Production Label W1 C B A D RoHS Compliant T bluegiga RoHS label E C H N O L O G I E S product Label W2 1.0 0.1Max Figure 31: Reel information 37.5±0.2 Figure 32: Cover tape spec Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 46 of 52 Package direction: End of tape start W T12 W T12 W T12 W T12 VACANT 20 PCS VACANT 20PCS quantity/500pcs B W B p2 A P/N 3500275600 Detail B-B T F B E p0 p1 +0.1 ?1.5-0.0 A A B W F E P0 P1 P2 T 14.4 25.9 44 20.2 1.75 4.0 2.0 20.0 2.5 ¡Ó 0.1 ¡Ó 0.1 ¡0 Ó.1 +0.1 ¡0 Ó.1 ¡0 Ó.1 Dimensions Tolerance ¡0 Ó.3 ¡Ó 0.1 ¡0 Ó.1 Figure 33: Tape information Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 47 of 52 12 Certifications WT12 is compliant to the following specifications. 12.1 Bluetooth WT12 module is qualified as a Bluetooth controller subsystem and it fullfills all the mandatory requirements of Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR core spesification. If not modified in any way, it is a complete Bluetooth entity, containing software and hardware functionality as well as the whole RF-part including the antenna. This practically translates to that if the module is used without modification of any kind, it does not need any Bluetooth approval work for evaluation on what needs to be tested. WT12 qualified listing details: https://www.Bluetooth.org/tpg/QLI_viewQDL.cfm?qid=17400 WT12 PICS details: https://www.Bluetooth.org/tpg/showCorePICS.cfm?3A000A5A005C5043555E54 WT12 Qualified Design ID (QDID): https://www.Bluetooth.org/tpg/QLI_viewQDL.cfm?qid=17400 12.2 FCC and IC This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. End users must follow the specific operating instructions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter IC Statements: This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 48 of 52 If detachable antennas are used: This radio transmitter (identify the device by certification number, or model number ifCategory II) has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the integral chip antenna. Use of any other antenna is strictly prohibited for use with this device. OEM Responsibilities to comply with FCC and Industry Canada Regulations The WT12 Module has been certified for integration into products only by OEM integrators under the following condition: The transmitter module must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. As long as the condition above is met, further transmitter testing will not be required. However, the OEM integrator is still responsible for testing their end-product for any additional compliance requirements required with this module installed (for example, digital device emissions, PC peripheral requirements, etc.). IMPORTANT NOTE: In the event that the condition can not be met (for certain configurations or co-location with another transmitter), then the FCC and Industry Canada authorizations are no longer considered valid and the FCC ID and IC Certification Number can not be used on the final product. In these circumstances, the OEM integrator will be responsible for re-evaluating the end product (including the transmitter) and obtaining a separate FCC and Industry Canada authorization. End Product Labeling The WT12 module is labeled with its own FCC ID and IC Certification Number. If the FCC ID and IC Certification Number are not visible when the module is installed inside another device, then the outside of the device into which the module is installed must also display a label referring to the enclosed module. In that case, the final end product must be labeled in a visible area with the following: “Contains Transmitter Module FCC ID: QOQWT12” “Contains Transmitter Module IC: 5123A-BGTWT12A” or “Contains FCC ID: QOQWT12 “Contains IC: 5123A-BGTWT12A” The OEM integrator has to be aware not to provide information to the end user regarding how to install or remove this RF module or change RF related parameters in the user manual of the end product. Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 49 of 52 12.3 CE WT12 is conformity with the following standards and/or normative documents: SAFETY EN 60950-1:2006+A11:2009+A1:2010+A12:2011 EMC (Art. 3(1)(a)): EN 301 489-17:V2.1.1 o Radiated electric field immunity, EN 61000-4-3:2006 o ESD immunity, EN 61000-4-2:2009 SPECTRUM (Art. 3(2)): EN 300 328 V1.8.1 o Equivalent isotropic radiated power o Occupied channel bandwidth o Dwell time, minimum frequency occupation and hopping sequence o Hopping frequency separation o Transmitter unwanted spurious emissions in the out-of-band domain o Transmitter unwanted spurious emissions in the spurious domain o Receiver spurious emissions 12.4 Japan WT12 has type approval in Japan with identification code R 209- J00036 Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 50 of 52 13 RoHS Statement with a List of Banned Materials WT12 meets the requirements of Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Restriction of Hazardous Substance (RoHS) The following banned substances are not present in WT11, which is compliant with RoHS: Cadmium Lead Mercury Hexavalent chromium PBB (Polybrominated Bi-Phenyl) PBDE (Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether) Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 51 of 52 14 Contact Information Sales: [email protected] Technical support: http://www.bluegiga.com/support Orders: [email protected] WWW: www.bluegiga.com Head Office / Finland: Phone: +358-9-4355 060 Fax: +358-9-4355 0660 Sinikalliontie 5A 02630 ESPOO FINLAND Postal address / Finland: P.O. BOX 120 02631 ESPOO FINLAND Sales Office / USA: Phone: +1 770 291 2181 Fax: +1 770 291 2183 Bluegiga Technologies, Inc. 3235 Satellite Boulevard, Building 400, Suite 300 Duluth, GA, 30096, USA Sales Office / Hong-Kong: Bluegiga Technologies, Inc. Phone: +852 3182 7321 Bluegiga Technologies Oy Page 52 of 52