UM1631 User manual STEVAL-IHT005V2 - 3.3 V control of ACS®/Triac with STM32™ Introduction The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board is designed for the home appliance market, with a focus on the demonstration of a robust solution with a 3.3 V supplied 32-bit MCU. Targeted applications are mid-end and high-end washing machines, dishwashers and dryers with different kinds of ACS®/Triacs. The demonstration board is based on the recently introduced 48-pin, 32-bit STM32F100C4T6B MCU running at 24 MHz (RC user-trimmable internal RC clock), featuring 16 kBytes of Flash memory, 12-bit A/D converter, 5 timers, communication interfaces, and 4 kBytes of SRAM. The power supply circuitry is based on the VIPer®16L, an offline converter with an 800 V avalanche rugged power section, operating at 60 kHz. The power supply provides negative 6 V in buck-boost topology. The STEVAL-IHT005V2 can control 2 high power loads up to 2830 W thanks to the T1635H, a 16 A, 600 V high temperature Triac and up to 2050 W thanks to the ACST1635-8FP a 16 A, 800 V high temperature overvoltage protected ACST device. The high power load control is based on phase angle control. In order to limit the inrush current and possible current peaks, the demonstration board features a soft-start routine and a smooth power change function for the high power loads. The STEVAL-IHT005V2 can also control 4 low power loads up to 100 W thanks to 3 ACS108-8S, 0.8 A, 800 V overvoltage protected ACS devices and a Z0109, 1 A standard 4 quadrant 600 V Triac. The demonstration board passed the precompliance tests for EMC directives IEC 61000-4-4 (burst up to 8 kV) and IEC 61000-4-5 (surge up to 2 kV). When put in standby mode, the STEVAL-IHT005V2 has an overall standby power consumption below 500 mW at 264 V/50 Hz. Figure 1. STEVAL-IHT005V2 October 2013 DocID024503 Rev 1 1/27 www.st.com Contents UM1631 Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 Board features and objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Board features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Targeted applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1 Intended use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3 Electrical connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.4 Board operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1 Connection diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.2 How to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3 MCU programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.4 Load and gate control fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.1 Phase angle control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.2 Full wave control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Power supply consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.1 Max. output current and standby consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.2 Gate voltage impact on gate current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.3 Pulsed gate control and average gate current consumption . . . . . . . . . . 13 Board immunity performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.1 Hardware and software features to increase immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Software features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2 2/27 Surge tests results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 Contents 6.3 Burst tests results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.3.1 Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.3.2 Test results of the board without hardware modifications . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.3.3 Input filter influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.3.4 Noise suppressor influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.3.5 Gate filtering circuit influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6.3.6 Immunity to relay switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Appendix A STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 A.1 Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 A.2 Demonstration board layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 A.3 Test point lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 A.4 Gate resistor calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Gate resistor calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Assumptions for calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 A.5 Bill of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 DocID024503 Rev 1 3/27 Board features and objectives UM1631 1 Board features and objectives 1.1 Objectives The board is designed for promotion of a complete solution for home appliance applications based on STMicroelectronics™ components. Special emphasis is placed on demonstration of the robust full 3.3 V solution. Robustness is demonstrated on 4 kV level in class A during IEC-61000-4-4 (burst) test. This board also allows designers to check AC switches control feasibility with a 3.3 V supply. Gate currents can be measured and compared to the information given in AN2986. Promoted parts are STM32F100C4T6B - value line 32-bit MCU T1635H-6T - 16 A 600 V 35 mA high temperature Snubberless™ Triac in TO-220 package ACST1635-8FP - 16 A 800 V high temperature overvoltage protected AC switch in TO-220 FPAB package ACS108-8SA - 0.8 A 800 V 10 mA overvoltage protected ACS device in TO-92 package Z0109MA - 1 A standard 10 mA 4Q Triac in TO-92 package VIPer16L - an offline converter with 800 V avalanche rugged power section operating at 60 kHz. The ACS108 and Z0109 are controlled in ON/OFF mode with the buttons. These devices control small loads like valves, pumps, and door locks. The T1635H and ACST16 are controlled in phase control mode with potentiometers. These devices control high power loads like drum motors or heating resistors. 4/27 DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 1.2 Board features and objectives Board features The board key features and performances are 1.3 Complete solution for -3.3 V control Input voltage range: 90-265 VAC 50/60 Hz Negative 6 V/3.3 V VDC auxiliary power supply based on the VIPer16L in buck-boost topology Total power consumption in standby mode is lower than 0.5 W for 264 V/50 Hz 48-pin, 32-bit value line family STM32F100C4T6B MCU as main controller Zero voltage switching (ZVS) interrupt to synchronize MCU events with voltage mains 1x T1635H-6T and 1 x ACST1635-8FP for phase control of high power loads 5 discrete power level states with soft change for phase angle controlled devices 1x Z0109 and 3x ACS108 for full wave control of low power loads 1x relay for demonstration of the board noise robustness “Red” LED to show that the board is supplied from mains “Green” LED for each ACS/ACST/Triac to show that the device is turned ON JTAG programming connector External wire loop for gate current measurement I2C bus hardware/software ready 18 test pins IEC 61000-4-4 precompliance test passed (burst up to 8 kV) IEC 61000-4-5 precompliance test passed (surge up to 2 kV) RoHS compliant Targeted applications Targeted applications are mid-end and high-end washing machines, dishwashers, dryers, and coffee machines. Optionally, this board targets any home-appliance application where the STM32 MCU controls any type of Triac/ACST/ACS. 1.4 Operating conditions The board operates in nominal line voltage 110 V/230 V in both 50/60 Hz power nets. Line voltage: 90-264 V 50/60 Hz Operating ambient temperature 0 °C to 60 °C Nominal loads power (for 230 V voltage) – ACST1635-8FP - 2050 W – T1635H-6T - 2830 W – Z0109MA - 96 W – ACS108-8SA - 105 W DocID024503 Rev 1 5/27 Safety instructions 2 Safety instructions Warning: 2.1 UM1631 The high voltage levels used to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2 board could present a serious electrical shock hazard. This demonstration board must be used in a suitable laboratory by qualified personnel only, familiar with the installation, use, and maintenance of power electrical systems. Intended use The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board is a component designed for demonstration purposes only, and not to be used either for domestic installation or for industrial installation. The technical data as well as the information concerning the power supply and working conditions should be taken from the documentation included in the kit and strictly observed. 2.2 Installation Installation instructions for the STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board must be taken from the present user manual and strictly observed. The components must be protected against excessive strain. In particular, no components are to be bent, or isolating distances altered during transportation, handling or use. No contact must be made with electronic components and contacts. The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board contains electrostatically sensitive components that are prone to damage through improper use. Electrical components must not be mechanically damaged or destroyed (to avoid potential risks and health injury). 2.3 Electrical connection Applicable national accident prevention rules must be followed when working on the mains power supply. The electrical installation must be completed in accordance with the appropriate requirements (e.g. cross-sectional areas of conductors, fusing, PE connections). In particular, the programming device must be disconnected from the board JTAG connector when the board is plugged into the mains. 2.4 Board operation A system architecture which supplies power to the demonstration board must be equipped with additional control and protective devices in accordance with the applicable safety requirements (e.g. compliance with technical equipment and accident prevention rules). Note: 6/27 Do not touch the board after disconnection from the mains power supply, as several parts and power terminals which contain possibly energized capacitors need to be allowed to discharge completely. DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 Getting started 3 Getting started 3.1 Connection diagram Figure 2 shows an image of the board with proper connection of each application. Figure 2. Board connector Note: Connect loads and voltage probes before applying line voltage. 3.2 How to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2 Line voltage must be connected in position as described in Figure 2. The demonstration board can be operated with or without the load. Even if no load is connected to the demonstration board, all signals are present and can be displayed on the oscilloscope. Red LED D6 signals the board is properly supplied from the mains. It also signals that high voltage is present on the demonstration board. It is recommended, although not required, to turn both potentiometers to the OFF position before powering the demonstration board. The board is ready to operate after passing all initialization routines, like mains frequency recognition, that take approximately 2 s. Potentiometer R65 controls T1 (T1635H) and potentiometer R66 controls T2 (ACST16). Output power level is adjusted by changing the position of the related potentiometer. Power regulation is divided into 5 steps where position 1 means minimum power and position 5 means maximum power. LED D11 for T1 (T1635H) and LED D12 for T2 (ACST16) signal DocID024503 Rev 1 7/27 Getting started UM1631 that the gate control signal is applied. If the load (example motor) is running and the LED lights up, it indicates the MCU properly controls the Triac(s). Blue, black and white buttons control the 3x ACS108 and Z01 in ON/OFF mode with zero voltage synchronization. The blue button S1 controls ACS1, black button S2 controls ACS2, black button S3 controls ACS3 and white button S4 controls T3. The different colors are used for easy recognition of the controlled device. ACS2 and ACS3 are controlled with 2 ms gate pulses. This is sufficient for loads with RMS current approximately in the range of 100 mA - 500 mA. Smaller loads should be controlled with ACS1, which has continuous gate control. T3 is controlled with 2 ms pulses and is used for comparison with ACS2 and ACS3 behavior. LED D10 for T3 (Z01), LED (D7) for ACS1 (ACS108-8S), LED D8 for ACS2 (ACS108-8S) and LED D9 for ACS3 (ACS108-8S) signals that the gate control signal is applied. The red button S5 controls relay R1. Relay is controlled in the continuous DC mode. The DC control starts in zero voltage for control coil. Note: The coil control in zero voltage does not lead to accurate “Zero Voltage Switching” of the power contacts. Button control is used in a two-step control. When the button is first pushed it turns the related device ON. A second push of the button turns the related device OFF. All devices controlled by buttons are set in the OFF position after reset. Figure 3. Overview of the demonstration board operation 8/27 DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 3.3 Getting started MCU programming Once the demonstration board has the mains cable and load cable correctly connected, it can be powered on. The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board goes to wait-for-signal mode immediately after powering it on. A JTAG connector for MCU programming is used when software modifications are necessary. Warning: 3.4 Programming device has to be galvanically isolated from mains when programmed directly on mains. Load and gate control fitting Gate current pulse is generated by the MCU. The length of the pulse is set by software. Gate current pulse length is important. Its value must be set according to the minimum load current. The load current has to reach the AC switch latching current value to keep the device ON after the gate pulse is removed. Latching current (IL) is specified in the AC switch datasheet - ACS108-8S. It is important to check this point for low power loads when RMS current is low and it takes a long time to reach the latching current level. When gate current is removed before the load current reaches latching current, the device may turn off. Refer to the AN302 application note for further information on latching current. The maximum value and length of the gate current the board can provide depends on power supply rating. The power supply used in the demonstration board is able to provide 120 mA continuously in full range of the operating voltage. DocID024503 Rev 1 9/27 Functional description 4 UM1631 Functional description Two different types of ACS/Triac control are implemented. Phase angle control and full wave control. The gate control signal is synchronized with zero voltage crossing signal (ZVC). The MCU operation is also synchronized with ZVC signal. ZVC signal is sent directly to the MCU input pin that is set as external interrupt. 4.1 Phase angle control Control of T1 (T1635H) and T2 (ACST16) is based on phase angle control. Figure 4. Phase angle control description *DWHSXOVHOHQJWK )LULQJ DQJOH =9& 7ULDFJDWHVLJQDO $0 Phase angle control is based on changing the firing angle (delay). The firing angle determines the power that is delivered to the load. The shorter the firing angle (delay), the higher the power. Firing angle and gate control pulse are defined by software. Table 1 shows initial setting of firing angle. Table 1. Firing angle delay Firing angle (delay) 4.2 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 8.5 ms 6.9 ms 5.2 ms 3.6 ms 2.0 ms Full wave control Control of T3 (Z0109), ACS1, ACS2, and ACS3 (all ACS108-8S) is based on full wave pulse control. 10/27 DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 Functional description Figure 5. Full wave control description 7ULDFJDWHVLJQDO *DWHSXOVHOHQJWK =9& $0 Full wave pulse control is based on sending gate control pulse immediately after ZVC signal. Gate control pulse length is defined by the software. Refer to Table 2 for default gate current pulse duration for all AC switches. Duration of each pulse is set separately for 50 Hz and 60 Hz mains. Table 2. Initial gate current pulse duration Device Variable name for 50 Hz mains ACS1 ACS_1_SWITCHTIME_50HZ ACS2 ACS_2_SWITCHTIME_50HZ ACS3 ACS_3_SWITCHTIME_50HZ Z0109 Initial gate pulse duration (ms/timer steps)(1) 10/100 Variable name for 60 Hz mains Initial gate pulse duration (ms/timer steps)(1) ACS_1_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 8.3/83 ACS_2_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 1.6/16 2/20 ACS_3_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 1.6/16 Z0109_SWITCHTIME_50HZ 2/20 Z0109_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 1.6/16 ACST16 ACST16_SWITCHTIME_50HZ 1/10 ACST16_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 0.8/8 T1635H T1635H_SWITCHTIME_50HZ 1/10 T1635H_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 0.8/8 2/20 1. The timer step is 100 µs. DocID024503 Rev 1 11/27 Power supply consumption UM1631 5 Power supply consumption 5.1 Max. output current and standby consumption Non-isolated SMPS based on the VIPer16 in buck-boost topology is designed to provide output voltage of -6 V. Maximum output current is 120 mA. -3.3 V voltage supply necessary to supply MCU consists of linear regulator LM337. Standby consumption has been measured in full range of the supply voltage. The standby power consumption fulfills the requirement of maximum total power consumption to be below 500 mW. Total power consumption of the board in standby mode at supply voltage of 264 Vrms/50 Hz was 499 mW (output current 10 mA at output voltage -6 V). The power supply uses mains voltage for self supply from high voltage current generator. Standby power consumption can be reduced by using the configuration with VIPer16 supply made from the low voltage side. Refer to the AN2872 application note and VIPer16 datasheet for further information on power supply design. 5.2 Gate voltage impact on gate current Gate voltage VGT varies with load current as shown in Figure 4 Figure 6?. This variation is significant and cannot be neglected mainly for devices that are controlled in DC mode and with low power supply level such as 3.3 V. Figure 6. Example of VGT variation with load current in quadrants 2 and 3 (0.2 A RMS) for a Z0103 (Tj = 85 °C, IG0 = 7.5 mA) 12/27 DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 Power supply consumption ACS devices have lower VGT variation with load current than Triacs and that is why they are more suitable for 3.3 V applications as the gate current variation is lower. Refer to the AN2986 application note for further details and for gate resistor calculation. 5.3 Pulsed gate control and average gate current consumption Table 3 gives the initial gate current pulse widths for each AC switch, and the maximum pulse width that may be programmed to keep the overall consumption below the maximum capability of the VIPer16 supply. Table 3. Application current consumption PCB label Gate resistor [] IGT (Tj = 25 °C) [mA] IGT (Tj = 0 °C) [mA] Gate current pulse duration [ms] Maximum average current [mA] Max. gate current pulse duration (DC mode) [ms] T1635H-6T T1 30 35 50 1 5 N/A(1) ACST1635-8FP T2 30 35 50 1 5 N/A(1) Z0109MA T3 112 10 15 2 3 10 ACS108-8SA ACS1 112 10 15 10 15 10 ACS108-8SA ACS2 112 10 15 2 3 10 ACS108-8SA ACS3 112 10 15 2 3 10 Device 1. Device is controlled in phase angle control, long pulse is not desired. Current consumption of the MCU and six signal LEDs, when turned ON, was estimated at 25 mA. Total current consumption of the board when all Triacs/AC switches are ON with maximum gate current pulse is 95 mA (T1 and T2 have 1 ms gate current pulse as described above). DocID024503 Rev 1 13/27 Board immunity performances UM1631 6 Board immunity performances 6.1 Hardware and software features to increase immunity Software features Software features to improve board immunity are Filtering procedure for button and potentiometer control Software watchdog Hardware features to improve board immunity are Input varistor ACS-ACST technology and Transil™ as an option for T1635H-6T 47 nF input X2 capacitor Noise suppressor circuits are implemented (10 nF X2 capacitor and 75 resistor) R-C-R filter on gate implemented (RG/2, 10 nF, RG/2) Layout golden rules for immunity improvement 6.2 Power tracks far from signal tracks VSS map Noise suppressor and R-C-R gate filter close to AC switches and Triacs Input MCU pins have implemented filter capacitor 10 nF Any branch in the VDD map has implemented a capacitor to decrease the VDD variation Surge tests results Standard IEC 61000-4-5 tests were performed with surge level of 2 kV, which is required for home appliances. Mains voltage used for the tests was 230 Vrms/50 Hz. The ACST16 device is protected against overvoltage spikes up to 2 kV with implemented crowbar technology. See the ACST16 datasheet for further details. ACS devices are protected against overvoltage spikes up to 2 kV with implemented crowbar technology. See the ACS108-8S datasheet for further details. The Z01 Triac is protected thanks to the noise suppressor circuit and high impedance of the load (refer to the AN437 application note for snubber design). The T1635H is protected with Transil P6KE400CA. This is a different implementation of the crowbar technology. The purpose here is to propose overvoltage protection with a crowbar technology. This method presents the advantage of not aging contrary to the varistor technology. 14/27 DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 Board immunity performances 6.3 Burst tests results 6.3.1 Test procedure Standard IEC 61000-4-4 tests were implemented. The tests were performed at a frequency of 100 kHz and power supply voltage of 254 Vrms/50 Hz. Parameters of the spikes: Td = 0.7 ms, Tr = 300 ms. All affected couplings were tested. Spikes were applied against the plate and related polarity (+/-) and the mains wire is mentioned: L+, L-, N+, N-, LN+, LN-. The board was tested during OFF state (all AC switches were turned OFF). Protective earth (PE) wire is not connected on the board which is why the couplings with PE were not tested. 6.3.2 Test results of the board without hardware modifications The target voltage level of the board immunity against burst spikes was 4 KV without any influence on the board performance (class A). MCU STM32F100C4T6B was not disturbed by the burst spikes up to 6 kV (class A). Burst spikes up to 8 kV caused the MCU to reset but it recovers without external intervention (class B). Reset procedure did not influence the immunity of the devices with higher immunity. Table 4 shows immunity level of the ACS/Triacs against the burst spikes. The immunity is defined by voltage level of spurious triggering. Table 4. Immunity level of ACS/Triacs in class A STEVAL-IHT005V2 VIN 254 VAC - 50 Hz 6.3.3 L+ L- N+ N- LN+ LN- T1635H (150 W light bulb load) > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV ACST16 (150 W light bulb load) > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV Z0109 (75 W light bulb load) 4.5 kV 4.1 kV 3.7 kV 4.6 kV 4.0 kV 3.7 kV ACS1 (75 W light bulb load) 7.4 kV 6.7 kV > 8 kV 7.1 kV 7.3 kV 7.0 kV ACS2 (150 W light bulb load) > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV 7.6 kV 7.1 kV ACS3 (150 W light bulb load) > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV 7.6 kV 7.1 kV Input filter influence A 47 nF, X2 capacitor is implemented as the input filter. To achieve 4 kV immunity against the burst spikes for all the AC switches, it was necessary to add two other X2 capacitors: 100 nF and 220 nF, as each of them influenced a different type of coupling. These two capacitors are not included on the STEVAL-IHT005V2 board as only Z0109 was below 4 kV level. DocID024503 Rev 1 15/27 Board immunity performances UM1631 Table 5. IEC-61000-4-4 results with input filter modification STEVAL-IHT005V2 VIN 254 VAC - 50 Hz 2 kV 4 kV 6 kV 8 kV Standby A A B B ON + level 3 (5.2 ms) A A B B Standby A A B B ON + level 3 (5.2 ms) A A B B Standby + L +N ON + level 3 (5.2 ms) A A B B A A B B Standby A A B B ON + level 3 (5.2 ms) A A B B Standby A A B B ON + level 3 (5.2 ms) A A B B Standby A A B B A A B B +L +N -L -N - L +N ON + level 3 (5.2 ms) Note: A. No changes in functionality. The board works properly, no reset occurring. B. Reset occurs, but the board recovers without external intervention. C. Application does not recover without external intervention. Two states were tested. Standby mode, when all devices are OFF, and “ON + level 3" when all devices are turned ON: the devices controlled in full wave mode (T3, ACS1, ACS2, ACS3) are ON for the whole period and phase angle controlled devices (T1, T2) are ON at level 3 (5.2 ms delay after zero voltage crossing signal). 6.3.4 Noise suppressor influence The noise suppressor circuit that consists of X2 capacitor 10 nF (C2, C12, C14, C19, C21, C23) and resistor 75 (R13, R19, R28, R43, R51, R60) has significant influence on burst immunity of the devices, as shown in the tests results below (to compare with Table 5 results). Table 6. Immunity of the high power devices without RC noise suppressor 16/27 STEVAL-IHT005V2 VIN 254 VAC - 50 Hz L+ L- N+ N- LN+ LN- T1635H (150 W light bulb load) 1.7 kV 1.6 kV 1.9 kV 1.7 kV 2.1 kV 1.7 kV ACST16 (150 W light bulb load) 4.6 kV 3.5 kV 4.8 kV 3.1 kV 3.3 kV 3.1 kV DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 6.3.5 Board immunity performances Gate filtering circuit influence The gate filtering circuit has an influence mainly on sensitive devices. When the gate filtering circuit is removed, the immunity of Z01 decreases to 2 kV and immunity of ACS108 is decreased to 4 kV. Gate filtering circuit is not mandatory to pass IEC-61000-4-4 tests for ACS108. There is no influence on 35 mA IGT devices, when the gate filtering circuit is removed. 6.3.6 Immunity to relay switching Relay is connected on the board. The relay cannot be controlled in zero voltage mode. Switching of the relay produces very high dV/dt, other devices must be immune to this type of noise. Immunity tests of the devices against relay switching have been performed. Figure 7 shows turn-off behavior of the relay. (The dV/dt observed during turn-off is 1 kV/µs.) Observed peak voltage during turn-off was +/-1300 V. The dV/dt observed during turn-on was 4 kV/µs. The load was 1.4 H inductor with serial resistance 12 , (RMS current 0.52 A). The Triacs and ACS/ACST switches were not disturbed by these spikes. Figure 7. dV/dt behavior during relay turn-off DocID024503 Rev 1 17/27 Board immunity performances UM1631 Figure 8. dV/dt behavior during turn-on 18/27 DocID024503 Rev 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 N R14 Varistor DocID024503 Rev 1 3 4 GND 1 S1 button C25 100 nF 4 2 1 GND 3 S2 button C26 100 nF GND R62 4 2 1 GND 3 S3 button C27 100 nF GND R63 4 2 GND 3 1 S4 button R56 VDD BUTTON_ACS_1 BUTTON_ACS_2 BUTTON_ACS_3 BUTTON_Z0109 POTENTIOMETER_T1635H BUTTON_ACS_3 GND R61 L3 R9 N/A R4 R3 L2 1 mH C28 100 nF 4 2 BUTTON_Z0109 GND C9 10 nF C35 10 nF GND R64 C8 NRST 48 VDD_3 VSS_3 VBAT PC13 PC14 PC15 PD0 PD1 NRST VSSA VDDA PA0 PA1 PA2 GND 3 1 S5 button R68 R67 VDD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 C5 100 nF I2C_SDA VDD D4 STTH1R06 STTH1R06 D3 BUTTON_RELAY 100 nF C1 R30 N/A ZVC signal GND I2C_SCL R20 CE1 POTENTIOMETER_ACST1635 VDD C34 10 nF R55 VDD LED_ACST1635 LED_T1635H LED_Z0109 LED_ACS_3 LED_ACS_2 LED_ACS_1 N/A C18 1 N/A XT1 BUTTON_ACS_ 2 LED LED D12 LED D11 LED D10 LED D9 LED D8 D7 GND 2 C33 10 nF R52 R47 R44 R40 R37 R35 -6 V N/A C17 GND BUTTON_ACS_1 R54 VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD LED 4 3 2 1 R22 VDD VDD VDD Header 4 P1 1 N/A R6 C3 N.A. C4 1 nF N/A R7 3 C32 10 nF R46 R45 R42 PB3 -6 V GND 100 nF C15 NRST 5 2 4 CE4 N/A ADJ LED_Z0109 LED_ACS_3 LED_ACS_2 LED_ACS_1 T1635H PA13 C29 100 nF R41 R50 R59 VDD GND R66 RPot 1 G_ACS3 1 VDD 1 R70 R10 G_T2 G G R33 1 COM ACS2 VDD OUT ACS108-8S COM ACS1 VDD ACST1635 T3 Z0109 A2_T1 A2_T3 testpoint 1 Header_3 1 2 3 J3 testpoint 1 R12 N/A OUT_ACS1 1 testpoint C21 X2 10 nF/305 V R43 C19 X2 10 nF/305 V R28 C14 X2 10 nF/ 305 V R19 C12 X2 10 nF/ 305 V R13 10 nF/ 305 V C2 X2 GND C38 10 nF POTENTIOMETER_ACST1635 AM07459V1 R51 J4 OUT ACS108-8S 1 1 2 OUT_ACS 2 3 testpoint VDD Header_3 Cap C23 10 nF C24 X2 COM ACS3 R57 R58 10 nF OUT_ACS 3 /305 V G 1 R60 OUT ACS108-8S testpoint 10 nF C22 R48 R49 10 nF C20 R39 R38 VDD T1635H testpoint V DD OUT_T2 10 nF C16 R24 R25 testpoint 1 1 2 T1 VDD R69 T2 ACST1635 Cap 10 nF C13 R16 R17 TR1 P6 KE400CA R8 10 nF C10 Q2 BC547A GND 1 nF C30 VDD R26 testpoint GND GND GND testpoint testpoint -3.3 V G_T3 1 C6 100 nF VDD R34 G_ACS2 R65 RPot GND C37 10 nF GND POTENTIOMETER_T1635H VDD ACS_3 testpoint ACS_2 testpoint ACS_1 1 testpoint Z0109 1 1 -6 V R11 ACST1635 1 G_T1 GND VDD 0V CE5 -6 V -3.3 V -6 V T1635H testpoint G_ACS1 Z0109 R18 Res R15 Res testpoint ACS_1 LED_ACST1635 ACS_3 GND ACS_2 C7 100 nF VDD VDD_1 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 3 STM32F100CB PA14 PA15 PB3 PB4 LED_T1635H I2C_SDA PA14 PA15 VDD_2 VSS_2 PA13 PA12 PA11 PA10 PA9 PA8 PB15 PB14 PB13 PB12 37 OUT I2C_SCL BUTTON_RELAY C36 10 nF GND IN U2 LM337 1 CE6 2 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 2 VDD NRST_JTAG PB3 PA14 PA13 PA15 PB4 -6 V VDD ON/OFF signal D6 R32 NRST_JTAG VDD FB COMP LIM S Drain Drain VSS_1 PB11 PB10 PB2 PB1 PB0 PA7 PA6 PA5 PA4 PA3 R53 VDD R29 D5 1N4007 relay R21 VDD F/450 V 8 7 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 BOOT0 PB8 PB9 VDD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 4 VDD 2 R23 F/450 V CE 2 1 mH GND L1 CE3 ZVC signal C31 1 nF 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 CN1 JTAG 3 1 relay_out Q1 BC557A ZVC testpoint D2 1N4007 1N4007 D1 C11 X247 nF/305 V R5 K1 Relay -RAS 0515 VDD testpoint N_VDD 1 Header_3 J1 L 1 1 Viper16L A.1 Header_3 J2 relay_out L testpoint R2 Appendix A rela y R27 10k R1 UM1631 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic Schematic Figure 9. STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic 19/27 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic A.2 UM1631 Demonstration board layout Figure 10. STEVAL-IHT005V2 - top layer Figure 11. STEVAL-IHT005V2 - bottom layer 20/27 DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 A.3 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic Test point lists Table 7. Test points definition Name G_T1 Control signal of T1 (T1635H) ZVC “Zero Voltage Crossing” signal -6 V Reference of SMPS output voltage N_VDD Neutral reference and VDD -3.3 V Reference for MCU power supply A2_T1 A2 terminal of T1 VDD OUT_T2 MCU power supply voltage OUT terminal of T2 (ACST16) G_T3 Control signal of T3 (Z0109) A2_T3 A2 terminal of T3 G_T2 Control signal of T2 (ACST16) G_ACS1 Control signal of ACS1 OUT_ACS1 OUT terminal of ACS1 G_ACS2 Control signal of ACS2 OUT_ACS2 OUT terminal of ACS2 G_ACS3 Control signal of ACS3 OUT_ACS3 OUT terminal of ACS3 Line A.4 Definition LINE voltage Gate resistor calculation The gate resistor value must be defined within the equation below to ensure to apply a gate current higher than specified IGT for the worst operating conditions: Gate resistor calculation V DD – M in – V GT – M ax – V OL 1 R g ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ l G 0C R g – t ol 1 + ------------- 100 DocID024503 Rev 1 21/27 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic UM1631 Assumptions for calculation Note: VDD_Min is minimum supply voltage (typically 3 V for 3.3 V power supply taking into account dispersion of resistors at LM337). VGT_Max = 1.0 V (maximum gate voltage that must be applied between gate and A1 or COM). VOL = 0.4 V maximum MCU I/O port voltage when turned to low level (given by the datasheet (0.4 V for STM32F100)). VOL value of 0.4 V is used also for BC547B buffer transistor control. Rg_tol is tolerance of used resistor (typically 1% or 5%). IG (0 °C) is gate current for minimum ambient temperature (normally 0 °C) (refer to Triac family datasheet curve). Standard resistor choices, according to the above equation and assumptions, are shown in Table 8. Table 8. Gate resistor definition for each device T1635H ACST16 ACS108 Z0109 Tolerance of Rg (%) Rg () Rg standard () 1 31.7 2 x 15 5 30.4 2 x 15 1 31.7 2 x 15 5 30.4 2 x 15 1 112.2 2 x 56 5 107.8 2 x 51 1 112.2 2 x 56 5 107.8 2 x 51 In the STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board tolerance resistors of 1% are used. 22/27 DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic A.5 Bill of material Table 9. Bill of material Quantity Designator Value Description Vendor Order code 1 C3 N/A Capacitor 1 P1 N/A Header, 4-pin 2 C17, C18 N/A Capacitor 2 R6, R7 N/A Resistor 2 R9, R30 N/A Resistor 1 C11 X2 47 nF/305 V Capacitor EPCOS B32922C3473K000 6 C2, C12, C14, C19, C21, C23 X2 10 nF/305 V Capacitor EPCOS B32921C3103K000 1 C1 100 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor Any 3 C4, C30, C31 1 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor Any 1 C8 1 F/16 V 0603 SMD Capacitor Any 1 C9 10 nF/50 V 0603 SMD Capacitor Any 1 CE1 10 F/50 V Electrolytic capacitor Any 1 CE4 220 F/16 V Electrolytic capacitor Any 1 CE5 10 uF/16 V Electrolytic capacitor Any 1 CE6 N/A Electrolytic capacitor Any 1 CN2 MLW20G Connector Any 1 D6 LED 0805 red 20 mA Typical LED Any 1 K1 RAS 0515 Single-pole relay Any 1 L1 1 mH 0.13 A Inductor Any 1 L2 1 mH 0.28 A Inductor Any 1 L3 1 H 0805 SMD 0.09 A Inductor Any 1 Q1 BC557A PNP bipolar transistor Any 1 Q2 BC547A NPN bipolar transistor Any 1 R12 N/A Varistor Any 1 R14 595-275 Varistor Any 1 R15 1.2 k 0.6 W Resistor Any 1 R18 2 k 0.6 W Resistor Any 1 R28 56 0.6 W Resistor Any 1 R31 4.7 k0.6 W Resistor Any 1 R32 2 k 0805 SMD Resistor Any DocID024503 Rev 1 23/27 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic UM1631 Table 9. Bill of material (continued) Quantity Designator Value Description Vendor 1 R5 22 - 5% 2 W Resistor Any 1 R69 100 0.6 W Resistor Any 1 S1 P-DT6BL Button Any 2 S2, S3 P-DT6SW Button Any 1 S4 P-DT6WS Button Any 1 S5 P-DT6RT Button Any 1 XT1 N/A Crystal oscillator (HC49/U 8 MHz) Any 2 CE2, CE3 4.7 F/450 V Electrolytic capacitor Any 2 R1, R2 220 k - 1% 0.6 W Resistor Any 2 R3, R4 56 k 0805 SMD Resistor Any 2 R65, R66 50 k Potentiometer + shaft Any 3 C5, C6, C7 100 nF/50 V 0603 SMD Capacitor Any 3 D1, D2, D5 1N4007 SMA Default diode Any 3 R23, R34, R70 1 k 0805 SMD Resistor Any 4 J1, J2, J3, J4 ARK300V-3P Three-pole terminal Any 4 R8, R10, R16, R17 15 0805 SMD Resistor Any 5 R13, R19, R43, R51, R60 75 0.6 W Resistor Any 5 R61, R62, R63, R64, R68 100 0805 SMD Resistor Any 6 C10, C13, C16, C20, C22, C24 10 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor Any 6 C15, C25, C26, C27, C28, C29 100 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor Any 6 D7, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12 LED 0805 green 20 mA Typical LED Any 6 R11, R26, R33, R41, R50, R59 0R STIP line 2x + jumper Short-circuit connector Any 6 R21, R27, R36, R42, R45, R46 10 k 0805 SMD Resistor Any 6 R35, R37, R40, R44, R47, R52 510 0805 SMD Resistor Any 7 C32, C33, C34, C35, C36, C37, C38 10 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor Any 24/27 DocID024503 Rev 1 Order code UM1631 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic Table 9. Bill of material (continued) Quantity Designator Value Description Vendor Order code 7 R20, R22, R53, R54, R55, R56, R67 4.7 k0805 SMD Resistor Any 9 R24, R25, R29, R38, R39, R48, R49, R57, R58 56 0805 SMD Resistor Any 18 -3V3, -6 V, A2_T1, A2_T3, G_ACS1, G_ACS2, G_ACS3, G_T1, G_T2, G_T3, L, Test point N_VDD, OUT_ ACS1, OUT_ACS2, OUT_ACS3, OUT_T2, VDD, ZVC Test point RS 1 T1 16 A Triac High temperature Triac STMicroelectronics T1635H-6T 1 T2 16 A ACST 1 T3 1 A Triac 1 TR1 P6KE400CA 1 262-2179 ST ACST1635-8FP Standard 4Q Triac ST Z0109MA Transil ST P6KE400CA U1 Monolithic AC-DC converter ST VIPer16LN 1 U2 Voltage regulator ST LM337 1 U3 32-bit MCU ST STM32F100C4T6B 2 D3, D4 Fast diode ST STTH1R06 3 ACS1, ACS2, ACS3 ST ACS108-8SA 0.8 A AC switch 20 x 20 x 30 mm ~6 K/W Heatsink Any 4 Distance columns, 10 mm, KDI6M3X10 Any 4 M3 screw, 6 mm long Any 2 DocID024503 Rev 1 25/27 Revision history UM1631 Revision history Table 10. Document revision history 26/27 Date Revision 01-Oct-2013 1 Changes Initial release. DocID024503 Rev 1 UM1631 Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice. All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. If any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by ST for the use of such third party products or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoever of such third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein. UNLESS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN ST’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE ST DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE USE AND/OR SALE OF ST PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION), OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED OR AUTHORIZED FOR USE IN: (A) SAFETY CRITICAL APPLICATIONS SUCH AS LIFE SUPPORTING, ACTIVE IMPLANTED DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITH PRODUCT FUNCTIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS; (B) AERONAUTIC APPLICATIONS; (C) AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OR ENVIRONMENTS, AND/OR (D) AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS OR ENVIRONMENTS. WHERE ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED FOR SUCH USE, THE PURCHASER SHALL USE PRODUCTS AT PURCHASER’S SOLE RISK, EVEN IF ST HAS BEEN INFORMED IN WRITING OF SUCH USAGE, UNLESS A PRODUCT IS EXPRESSLY DESIGNATED BY ST AS BEING INTENDED FOR “AUTOMOTIVE, AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY OR MEDICAL” INDUSTRY DOMAINS ACCORDING TO ST PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS. PRODUCTS FORMALLY ESCC, QML OR JAN QUALIFIED ARE DEEMED SUITABLE FOR USE IN AEROSPACE BY THE CORRESPONDING GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY. Resale of ST products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by ST for the ST product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoever, any liability of ST. ST and the ST logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of ST in various countries. Information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. All other names are the property of their respective owners. © 2013 STMicroelectronics - All rights reserved STMicroelectronics group of companies Australia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Philippines - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America www.st.com DocID024503 Rev 1 27/27