dm00082165

UM1631
User manual
STEVAL-IHT005V2 - 3.3 V control of ACS®/Triac with STM32™
Introduction
The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board is designed for the home appliance market,
with a focus on the demonstration of a robust solution with a 3.3 V supplied 32-bit MCU.
Targeted applications are mid-end and high-end washing machines, dishwashers and
dryers with different kinds of ACS®/Triacs.
The demonstration board is based on the recently introduced 48-pin, 32-bit
STM32F100C4T6B MCU running at 24 MHz (RC user-trimmable internal RC clock),
featuring 16 kBytes of Flash memory, 12-bit A/D converter, 5 timers, communication
interfaces, and 4 kBytes of SRAM.
The power supply circuitry is based on the VIPer®16L, an offline converter with an 800 V
avalanche rugged power section, operating at 60 kHz. The power supply provides negative
6 V in buck-boost topology.
The STEVAL-IHT005V2 can control 2 high power loads up to 2830 W thanks to the T1635H,
a 16 A, 600 V high temperature Triac and up to 2050 W thanks to the ACST1635-8FP
a 16 A, 800 V high temperature overvoltage protected ACST device. The high power load
control is based on phase angle control. In order to limit the inrush current and possible
current peaks, the demonstration board features a soft-start routine and a smooth power
change function for the high power loads.
The STEVAL-IHT005V2 can also control 4 low power loads up to 100 W thanks to
3 ACS108-8S, 0.8 A, 800 V overvoltage protected ACS devices and a Z0109, 1 A standard
4 quadrant 600 V Triac.
The demonstration board passed the precompliance tests for EMC directives
IEC 61000-4-4 (burst up to 8 kV) and IEC 61000-4-5 (surge up to 2 kV).
When put in standby mode, the STEVAL-IHT005V2 has an overall standby power
consumption below 500 mW at 264 V/50 Hz.
Figure 1. STEVAL-IHT005V2
October 2013
DocID024503 Rev 1
1/27
www.st.com
Contents
UM1631
Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
Board features and objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2
Board features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3
Targeted applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4
Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1
Intended use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3
Electrical connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4
Board operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1
Connection diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2
How to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3
MCU programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4
Load and gate control fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.1
Phase angle control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2
Full wave control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Power supply consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.1
Max. output current and standby consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.2
Gate voltage impact on gate current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.3
Pulsed gate control and average gate current consumption . . . . . . . . . . 13
Board immunity performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.1
Hardware and software features to increase immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Software features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.2
2/27
Surge tests results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
Contents
6.3
Burst tests results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3.1
Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3.2
Test results of the board without hardware modifications . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3.3
Input filter influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3.4
Noise suppressor influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.3.5
Gate filtering circuit influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.3.6
Immunity to relay switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Appendix A STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
A.1
Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
A.2
Demonstration board layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
A.3
Test point lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
A.4
Gate resistor calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Gate resistor calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Assumptions for calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
A.5
Bill of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
DocID024503 Rev 1
3/27
Board features and objectives
UM1631
1
Board features and objectives
1.1
Objectives
The board is designed for promotion of a complete solution for home appliance applications
based on STMicroelectronics™ components. Special emphasis is placed on demonstration
of the robust full 3.3 V solution. Robustness is demonstrated on 4 kV level in class A during
IEC-61000-4-4 (burst) test.
This board also allows designers to check AC switches control feasibility with a 3.3 V supply.
Gate currents can be measured and compared to the information given in AN2986.
Promoted parts are

STM32F100C4T6B - value line 32-bit MCU

T1635H-6T - 16 A 600 V 35 mA high temperature Snubberless™ Triac in TO-220
package

ACST1635-8FP - 16 A 800 V high temperature overvoltage protected AC switch in
TO-220 FPAB package

ACS108-8SA - 0.8 A 800 V 10 mA overvoltage protected ACS device in TO-92
package

Z0109MA - 1 A standard 10 mA 4Q Triac in TO-92 package

VIPer16L - an offline converter with 800 V avalanche rugged power section operating
at 60 kHz.
The ACS108 and Z0109 are controlled in ON/OFF mode with the buttons. These devices
control small loads like valves, pumps, and door locks.
The T1635H and ACST16 are controlled in phase control mode with potentiometers. These
devices control high power loads like drum motors or heating resistors.
4/27
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
1.2
Board features and objectives
Board features
The board key features and performances are
1.3

Complete solution for -3.3 V control

Input voltage range: 90-265 VAC 50/60 Hz

Negative 6 V/3.3 V VDC auxiliary power supply based on the VIPer16L in buck-boost
topology

Total power consumption in standby mode is lower than 0.5 W for 264 V/50 Hz

48-pin, 32-bit value line family STM32F100C4T6B MCU as main controller

Zero voltage switching (ZVS) interrupt to synchronize MCU events with voltage mains

1x T1635H-6T and 1 x ACST1635-8FP for phase control of high power loads

5 discrete power level states with soft change for phase angle controlled devices

1x Z0109 and 3x ACS108 for full wave control of low power loads

1x relay for demonstration of the board noise robustness

“Red” LED to show that the board is supplied from mains

“Green” LED for each ACS/ACST/Triac to show that the device is turned ON

JTAG programming connector

External wire loop for gate current measurement

I2C bus hardware/software ready

18 test pins

IEC 61000-4-4 precompliance test passed (burst up to 8 kV)

IEC 61000-4-5 precompliance test passed (surge up to 2 kV)

RoHS compliant
Targeted applications
Targeted applications are mid-end and high-end washing machines, dishwashers, dryers,
and coffee machines.
Optionally, this board targets any home-appliance application where the STM32 MCU
controls any type of Triac/ACST/ACS.
1.4
Operating conditions
The board operates in nominal line voltage 110 V/230 V in both 50/60 Hz power nets.

Line voltage: 90-264 V 50/60 Hz

Operating ambient temperature 0 °C to 60 °C

Nominal loads power (for 230 V voltage)
–
ACST1635-8FP - 2050 W
–
T1635H-6T - 2830 W
–
Z0109MA - 96 W
–
ACS108-8SA - 105 W
DocID024503 Rev 1
5/27
Safety instructions
2
Safety instructions
Warning:
2.1
UM1631
The high voltage levels used to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2
board could present a serious electrical shock hazard. This
demonstration board must be used in a suitable laboratory by
qualified personnel only, familiar with the installation, use,
and maintenance of power electrical systems.
Intended use
The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board is a component designed for demonstration
purposes only, and not to be used either for domestic installation or for industrial installation.
The technical data as well as the information concerning the power supply and working
conditions should be taken from the documentation included in the kit and strictly observed.
2.2
Installation
Installation instructions for the STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board must be taken from
the present user manual and strictly observed. The components must be protected against
excessive strain. In particular, no components are to be bent, or isolating distances altered
during transportation, handling or use. No contact must be made with electronic
components and contacts. The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board contains
electrostatically sensitive components that are prone to damage through improper use.
Electrical components must not be mechanically damaged or destroyed (to avoid potential
risks and health injury).
2.3
Electrical connection
Applicable national accident prevention rules must be followed when working on the mains
power supply. The electrical installation must be completed in accordance with the
appropriate requirements (e.g. cross-sectional areas of conductors, fusing, PE
connections). In particular, the programming device must be disconnected from the board
JTAG connector when the board is plugged into the mains.
2.4
Board operation
A system architecture which supplies power to the demonstration board must be equipped
with additional control and protective devices in accordance with the applicable safety
requirements (e.g. compliance with technical equipment and accident prevention rules).
Note:
6/27
Do not touch the board after disconnection from the mains power supply, as several parts
and power terminals which contain possibly energized capacitors need to be allowed to
discharge completely.
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
Getting started
3
Getting started
3.1
Connection diagram
Figure 2 shows an image of the board with proper connection of each application.
Figure 2. Board connector
Note:
Connect loads and voltage probes before applying line voltage.
3.2
How to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2
Line voltage must be connected in position as described in Figure 2. The demonstration
board can be operated with or without the load. Even if no load is connected to the
demonstration board, all signals are present and can be displayed on the oscilloscope.
Red LED D6 signals the board is properly supplied from the mains. It also signals that high
voltage is present on the demonstration board.
It is recommended, although not required, to turn both potentiometers to the OFF position
before powering the demonstration board. The board is ready to operate after passing all
initialization routines, like mains frequency recognition, that take approximately 2 s.
Potentiometer R65 controls T1 (T1635H) and potentiometer R66 controls T2 (ACST16).
Output power level is adjusted by changing the position of the related potentiometer. Power
regulation is divided into 5 steps where position 1 means minimum power and position 5
means maximum power. LED D11 for T1 (T1635H) and LED D12 for T2 (ACST16) signal
DocID024503 Rev 1
7/27
Getting started
UM1631
that the gate control signal is applied. If the load (example motor) is running and the LED
lights up, it indicates the MCU properly controls the Triac(s).
Blue, black and white buttons control the 3x ACS108 and Z01 in ON/OFF mode with zero
voltage synchronization. The blue button S1 controls ACS1, black button S2 controls ACS2,
black button S3 controls ACS3 and white button S4 controls T3. The different colors are
used for easy recognition of the controlled device.
ACS2 and ACS3 are controlled with 2 ms gate pulses. This is sufficient for loads with RMS
current approximately in the range of 100 mA - 500 mA. Smaller loads should be controlled
with ACS1, which has continuous gate control.
T3 is controlled with 2 ms pulses and is used for comparison with ACS2 and ACS3 behavior.
LED D10 for T3 (Z01), LED (D7) for ACS1 (ACS108-8S), LED D8 for ACS2 (ACS108-8S)
and LED D9 for ACS3 (ACS108-8S) signals that the gate control signal is applied.
The red button S5 controls relay R1. Relay is controlled in the continuous DC mode. The DC
control starts in zero voltage for control coil.
Note:
The coil control in zero voltage does not lead to accurate “Zero Voltage Switching” of the
power contacts.
Button control is used in a two-step control. When the button is first pushed it turns the
related device ON. A second push of the button turns the related device OFF. All devices
controlled by buttons are set in the OFF position after reset.
Figure 3. Overview of the demonstration board operation
8/27
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
3.3
Getting started
MCU programming
Once the demonstration board has the mains cable and load cable correctly connected, it
can be powered on. The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board goes to wait-for-signal
mode immediately after powering it on.
A JTAG connector for MCU programming is used when software modifications are
necessary.
Warning:
3.4
Programming device has to be galvanically isolated from
mains when programmed directly on mains.
Load and gate control fitting
Gate current pulse is generated by the MCU. The length of the pulse is set by software.
Gate current pulse length is important. Its value must be set according to the minimum load
current. The load current has to reach the AC switch latching current value to keep the
device ON after the gate pulse is removed. Latching current (IL) is specified in the AC switch
datasheet - ACS108-8S. It is important to check this point for low power loads when RMS
current is low and it takes a long time to reach the latching current level. When gate current
is removed before the load current reaches latching current, the device may turn off. Refer
to the AN302 application note for further information on latching current.
The maximum value and length of the gate current the board can provide depends on power
supply rating. The power supply used in the demonstration board is able to provide 120 mA
continuously in full range of the operating voltage.
DocID024503 Rev 1
9/27
Functional description
4
UM1631
Functional description
Two different types of ACS/Triac control are implemented. Phase angle control and full
wave control. The gate control signal is synchronized with zero voltage crossing signal
(ZVC). The MCU operation is also synchronized with ZVC signal. ZVC signal is sent directly
to the MCU input pin that is set as external interrupt.
4.1
Phase angle control
Control of T1 (T1635H) and T2 (ACST16) is based on phase angle control.
Figure 4. Phase angle control description
*DWHSXOVHOHQJWK
)LULQJ
DQJOH
=9&
7ULDFJDWHVLJQDO
$0
Phase angle control is based on changing the firing angle (delay). The firing angle
determines the power that is delivered to the load. The shorter the firing angle (delay), the
higher the power.
Firing angle and gate control pulse are defined by software. Table 1 shows initial setting of
firing angle.
Table 1. Firing angle delay
Firing angle (delay)
4.2
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
8.5 ms
6.9 ms
5.2 ms
3.6 ms
2.0 ms
Full wave control
Control of T3 (Z0109), ACS1, ACS2, and ACS3 (all ACS108-8S) is based on full wave pulse
control.
10/27
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
Functional description
Figure 5. Full wave control description
7ULDFJDWHVLJQDO
*DWHSXOVHOHQJWK
=9&
$0
Full wave pulse control is based on sending gate control pulse immediately after ZVC
signal. Gate control pulse length is defined by the software.
Refer to Table 2 for default gate current pulse duration for all AC switches. Duration of each
pulse is set separately for 50 Hz and 60 Hz mains.
Table 2. Initial gate current pulse duration
Device
Variable name for 50 Hz mains
ACS1
ACS_1_SWITCHTIME_50HZ
ACS2
ACS_2_SWITCHTIME_50HZ
ACS3
ACS_3_SWITCHTIME_50HZ
Z0109
Initial gate
pulse
duration
(ms/timer
steps)(1)
10/100
Variable name for 60 Hz mains
Initial gate
pulse
duration
(ms/timer
steps)(1)
ACS_1_SWITCHTIME_60HZ
8.3/83
ACS_2_SWITCHTIME_60HZ
1.6/16
2/20
ACS_3_SWITCHTIME_60HZ
1.6/16
Z0109_SWITCHTIME_50HZ
2/20
Z0109_SWITCHTIME_60HZ
1.6/16
ACST16
ACST16_SWITCHTIME_50HZ
1/10
ACST16_SWITCHTIME_60HZ
0.8/8
T1635H
T1635H_SWITCHTIME_50HZ
1/10
T1635H_SWITCHTIME_60HZ
0.8/8
2/20
1. The timer step is 100 µs.
DocID024503 Rev 1
11/27
Power supply consumption
UM1631
5
Power supply consumption
5.1
Max. output current and standby consumption
Non-isolated SMPS based on the VIPer16 in buck-boost topology is designed to provide
output voltage of -6 V. Maximum output current is 120 mA. -3.3 V voltage supply necessary
to supply MCU consists of linear regulator LM337.
Standby consumption has been measured in full range of the supply voltage. The standby
power consumption fulfills the requirement of maximum total power consumption to be
below 500 mW.
Total power consumption of the board in standby mode at supply voltage of 264 Vrms/50 Hz
was 499 mW (output current 10 mA at output voltage -6 V).
The power supply uses mains voltage for self supply from high voltage current generator.
Standby power consumption can be reduced by using the configuration with VIPer16 supply
made from the low voltage side. Refer to the AN2872 application note and VIPer16
datasheet for further information on power supply design.
5.2
Gate voltage impact on gate current
Gate voltage VGT varies with load current as shown in Figure 4 Figure 6?. This variation is
significant and cannot be neglected mainly for devices that are controlled in DC mode and
with low power supply level such as 3.3 V.
Figure 6. Example of VGT variation with load current in quadrants 2 and 3
(0.2 A RMS) for a Z0103 (Tj = 85 °C, IG0 = 7.5 mA)
12/27
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
Power supply consumption
ACS devices have lower VGT variation with load current than Triacs and that is why they are
more suitable for 3.3 V applications as the gate current variation is lower.
Refer to the AN2986 application note for further details and for gate resistor calculation.
5.3
Pulsed gate control and average gate current consumption
Table 3 gives the initial gate current pulse widths for each AC switch, and the maximum
pulse width that may be programmed to keep the overall consumption below the maximum
capability of the VIPer16 supply.
Table 3. Application current consumption
PCB
label
Gate
resistor
[]
IGT
(Tj = 25 °C)
[mA]
IGT
(Tj = 0 °C)
[mA]
Gate current
pulse
duration
[ms]
Maximum
average
current
[mA]
Max. gate
current pulse
duration (DC
mode) [ms]
T1635H-6T
T1
30
35
50
1
5
N/A(1)
ACST1635-8FP
T2
30
35
50
1
5
N/A(1)
Z0109MA
T3
112
10
15
2
3
10
ACS108-8SA
ACS1
112
10
15
10
15
10
ACS108-8SA
ACS2
112
10
15
2
3
10
ACS108-8SA
ACS3
112
10
15
2
3
10
Device
1. Device is controlled in phase angle control, long pulse is not desired.
Current consumption of the MCU and six signal LEDs, when turned ON, was estimated at
25 mA. Total current consumption of the board when all Triacs/AC switches are ON with
maximum gate current pulse is 95 mA (T1 and T2 have 1 ms gate current pulse as
described above).
DocID024503 Rev 1
13/27
Board immunity performances
UM1631
6
Board immunity performances
6.1
Hardware and software features to increase immunity
Software features
Software features to improve board immunity are

Filtering procedure for button and potentiometer control

Software watchdog
Hardware features to improve board immunity are

Input varistor

ACS-ACST technology and Transil™ as an option for T1635H-6T

47 nF input X2 capacitor

Noise suppressor circuits are implemented (10 nF X2 capacitor and 75  resistor)

R-C-R filter on gate implemented (RG/2, 10 nF, RG/2)
Layout golden rules for immunity improvement
6.2

Power tracks far from signal tracks

VSS map

Noise suppressor and R-C-R gate filter close to AC switches and Triacs

Input MCU pins have implemented filter capacitor 10 nF

Any branch in the VDD map has implemented a capacitor to decrease the VDD variation
Surge tests results
Standard IEC 61000-4-5 tests were performed with surge level of 2 kV, which is required for
home appliances. Mains voltage used for the tests was 230 Vrms/50 Hz.
The ACST16 device is protected against overvoltage spikes up to 2 kV with implemented
crowbar technology. See the ACST16 datasheet for further details.
ACS devices are protected against overvoltage spikes up to 2 kV with implemented crowbar
technology. See the ACS108-8S datasheet for further details.
The Z01 Triac is protected thanks to the noise suppressor circuit and high impedance of the
load (refer to the AN437 application note for snubber design).
The T1635H is protected with Transil P6KE400CA. This is a different implementation of the
crowbar technology. The purpose here is to propose overvoltage protection with a crowbar
technology. This method presents the advantage of not aging contrary to the varistor
technology.
14/27
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
Board immunity performances
6.3
Burst tests results
6.3.1
Test procedure
Standard IEC 61000-4-4 tests were implemented. The tests were performed at a frequency
of 100 kHz and power supply voltage of 254 Vrms/50 Hz. Parameters of the spikes:
Td = 0.7 ms, Tr = 300 ms. All affected couplings were tested. Spikes were applied against
the plate and related polarity (+/-) and the mains wire is mentioned: L+, L-, N+, N-, LN+,
LN-. The board was tested during OFF state (all AC switches were turned OFF).
Protective earth (PE) wire is not connected on the board which is why the couplings with PE
were not tested.
6.3.2
Test results of the board without hardware modifications
The target voltage level of the board immunity against burst spikes was 4 KV without any
influence on the board performance (class A).
MCU STM32F100C4T6B was not disturbed by the burst spikes up to 6 kV (class A). Burst
spikes up to 8 kV caused the MCU to reset but it recovers without external intervention
(class B). Reset procedure did not influence the immunity of the devices with higher
immunity.
Table 4 shows immunity level of the ACS/Triacs against the burst spikes. The immunity is
defined by voltage level of spurious triggering.
Table 4. Immunity level of ACS/Triacs in class A
STEVAL-IHT005V2 VIN 254 VAC - 50 Hz
6.3.3
L+
L-
N+
N-
LN+
LN-
T1635H (150 W light bulb load)
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
ACST16 (150 W light bulb load)
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
Z0109 (75 W light bulb load)
4.5 kV
4.1 kV
3.7 kV
4.6 kV
4.0 kV
3.7 kV
ACS1 (75 W light bulb load)
7.4 kV
6.7 kV
> 8 kV
7.1 kV
7.3 kV
7.0 kV
ACS2 (150 W light bulb load)
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
7.6 kV
7.1 kV
ACS3 (150 W light bulb load)
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
> 8 kV
7.6 kV
7.1 kV
Input filter influence
A 47 nF, X2 capacitor is implemented as the input filter. To achieve 4 kV immunity against
the burst spikes for all the AC switches, it was necessary to add two other X2 capacitors:
100 nF and 220 nF, as each of them influenced a different type of coupling. These two
capacitors are not included on the STEVAL-IHT005V2 board as only Z0109 was below 4 kV
level.
DocID024503 Rev 1
15/27
Board immunity performances
UM1631
Table 5. IEC-61000-4-4 results with input filter modification
STEVAL-IHT005V2
VIN 254 VAC - 50 Hz
2 kV
4 kV
6 kV
8 kV
Standby
A
A
B
B
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
A
A
B
B
Standby
A
A
B
B
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
A
A
B
B
Standby
+ L +N
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
A
A
B
B
A
A
B
B
Standby
A
A
B
B
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
A
A
B
B
Standby
A
A
B
B
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
A
A
B
B
Standby
A
A
B
B
A
A
B
B
+L
+N
-L
-N
- L +N
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
Note:
A. No changes in functionality. The board works properly, no reset occurring.
B. Reset occurs, but the board recovers without external intervention.
C. Application does not recover without external intervention.
Two states were tested. Standby mode, when all devices are OFF, and “ON + level 3" when
all devices are turned ON: the devices controlled in full wave mode (T3, ACS1, ACS2,
ACS3) are ON for the whole period and phase angle controlled devices (T1, T2) are ON at
level 3 (5.2 ms delay after zero voltage crossing signal).
6.3.4
Noise suppressor influence
The noise suppressor circuit that consists of X2 capacitor 10 nF (C2, C12, C14, C19, C21,
C23) and resistor 75 (R13, R19, R28, R43, R51, R60) has significant influence on burst
immunity of the devices, as shown in the tests results below (to compare with Table 5
results).
Table 6. Immunity of the high power devices without RC noise suppressor
16/27
STEVAL-IHT005V2
VIN 254 VAC - 50 Hz
L+
L-
N+
N-
LN+
LN-
T1635H (150 W light bulb load)
1.7 kV
1.6 kV
1.9 kV
1.7 kV
2.1 kV
1.7 kV
ACST16 (150 W light bulb load)
4.6 kV
3.5 kV
4.8 kV
3.1 kV
3.3 kV
3.1 kV
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
6.3.5
Board immunity performances
Gate filtering circuit influence
The gate filtering circuit has an influence mainly on sensitive devices. When the gate
filtering circuit is removed, the immunity of Z01 decreases to 2 kV and immunity of ACS108
is decreased to 4 kV. Gate filtering circuit is not mandatory to pass IEC-61000-4-4 tests for
ACS108.
There is no influence on 35 mA IGT devices, when the gate filtering circuit is removed.
6.3.6
Immunity to relay switching
Relay is connected on the board. The relay cannot be controlled in zero voltage mode.
Switching of the relay produces very high dV/dt, other devices must be immune to this type
of noise. Immunity tests of the devices against relay switching have been performed.
Figure 7 shows turn-off behavior of the relay. (The dV/dt observed during turn-off is
1 kV/µs.) Observed peak voltage during turn-off was +/-1300 V. The dV/dt observed during
turn-on was 4 kV/µs. The load was 1.4 H inductor with serial resistance 12 , (RMS current
0.52 A). The Triacs and ACS/ACST switches were not disturbed by these spikes.
Figure 7. dV/dt behavior during relay turn-off
DocID024503 Rev 1
17/27
Board immunity performances
UM1631
Figure 8. dV/dt behavior during turn-on
18/27
DocID024503 Rev 1
3
2
1
3
2
1
N
R14
Varistor
DocID024503 Rev 1
3
4
GND
1
S1
button
C25
100 nF
4
2
1
GND
3
S2
button
C26
100 nF
GND
R62
4
2
1
GND
3
S3
button
C27
100 nF
GND
R63
4
2
GND
3
1
S4
button
R56
VDD
BUTTON_ACS_1
BUTTON_ACS_2
BUTTON_ACS_3
BUTTON_Z0109
POTENTIOMETER_T1635H
BUTTON_ACS_3
GND
R61
L3
R9
N/A
R4
R3
L2
1 mH
C28
100 nF
4
2
BUTTON_Z0109
GND
C9
10 nF
C35
10 nF
GND
R64
C8
NRST
48
VDD_3
VSS_3
VBAT
PC13
PC14
PC15
PD0
PD1
NRST
VSSA
VDDA
PA0
PA1
PA2
GND
3
1
S5
button
R68
R67
VDD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
C5
100 nF
I2C_SDA
VDD
D4
STTH1R06
STTH1R06
D3
BUTTON_RELAY
100 nF
C1
R30
N/A ZVC signal
GND
I2C_SCL
R20
CE1
POTENTIOMETER_ACST1635
VDD
C34
10 nF
R55
VDD
LED_ACST1635
LED_T1635H
LED_Z0109
LED_ACS_3
LED_ACS_2
LED_ACS_1
N/A
C18 1 N/A
XT1
BUTTON_ACS_ 2
LED
LED
D12
LED
D11
LED
D10
LED
D9
LED
D8
D7
GND
2
C33
10 nF
R52
R47
R44
R40
R37
R35
-6 V
N/A
C17
GND
BUTTON_ACS_1
R54
VDD
VDD
VDD
VDD
VDD
VDD
VDD
LED
4
3
2
1
R22
VDD VDD VDD
Header 4
P1
1
N/A
R6
C3 N.A.
C4 1 nF
N/A
R7
3
C32
10 nF
R46
R45
R42
PB3
-6 V
GND
100 nF
C15
NRST
5
2
4
CE4
N/A
ADJ
LED_Z0109
LED_ACS_3
LED_ACS_2
LED_ACS_1
T1635H
PA13
C29
100 nF
R41
R50
R59
VDD
GND
R66
RPot
1
G_ACS3
1
VDD
1
R70
R10
G_T2
G
G
R33
1
COM ACS2
VDD
OUT ACS108-8S
COM ACS1
VDD
ACST1635
T3
Z0109
A2_T1
A2_T3
testpoint
1
Header_3
1
2
3
J3
testpoint
1
R12
N/A
OUT_ACS1
1
testpoint
C21
X2 10 nF/305 V
R43
C19
X2 10 nF/305 V
R28
C14
X2
10 nF/
305 V
R19
C12
X2 10 nF/
305 V
R13
10 nF/
305 V
C2
X2
GND
C38
10 nF
POTENTIOMETER_ACST1635
AM07459V1
R51
J4
OUT ACS108-8S
1
1
2
OUT_ACS 2
3
testpoint
VDD
Header_3
Cap
C23
10 nF C24
X2
COM ACS3
R57
R58
10 nF OUT_ACS 3
/305 V
G
1
R60
OUT ACS108-8S
testpoint
10 nF C22
R48
R49
10 nF C20
R39
R38
VDD
T1635H
testpoint V
DD
OUT_T2
10 nF C16
R24
R25
testpoint
1
1
2
T1
VDD
R69
T2
ACST1635
Cap
10 nF C13
R16
R17
TR1
P6 KE400CA
R8
10 nF C10
Q2
BC547A
GND
1 nF
C30
VDD
R26
testpoint
GND GND
GND
testpoint
testpoint
-3.3 V
G_T3
1
C6
100 nF
VDD
R34
G_ACS2
R65
RPot
GND
C37
10
nF
GND
POTENTIOMETER_T1635H
VDD
ACS_3
testpoint
ACS_2
testpoint
ACS_1
1
testpoint
Z0109
1
1
-6 V
R11
ACST1635
1
G_T1
GND
VDD
0V
CE5
-6 V
-3.3 V
-6 V
T1635H
testpoint
G_ACS1
Z0109
R18
Res
R15
Res
testpoint
ACS_1
LED_ACST1635
ACS_3
GND
ACS_2
C7
100 nF
VDD
VDD_1
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
3
STM32F100CB
PA14
PA15
PB3
PB4
LED_T1635H
I2C_SDA
PA14
PA15
VDD_2
VSS_2
PA13
PA12
PA11
PA10
PA9
PA8
PB15
PB14
PB13
PB12
37
OUT
I2C_SCL
BUTTON_RELAY
C36
10 nF
GND
IN
U2
LM337 1
CE6
2
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
2
VDD
NRST_JTAG
PB3
PA14
PA13
PA15
PB4
-6 V
VDD ON/OFF signal D6
R32
NRST_JTAG
VDD
FB
COMP LIM S
Drain
Drain
VSS_1
PB11
PB10
PB2
PB1
PB0
PA7
PA6
PA5
PA4
PA3
R53
VDD
R29
D5
1N4007
relay
R21
VDD
F/450 V
8
7
PB3
PB4
PB5
PB6
PB7
BOOT0
PB8
PB9
VDD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
4
VDD 2
R23
F/450 V
CE 2
1 mH
GND L1
CE3
ZVC signal
C31
1 nF
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
CN1
JTAG
3
1
relay_out
Q1
BC557A
ZVC
testpoint
D2
1N4007 1N4007
D1
C11
X247 nF/305 V
R5
K1
Relay
-RAS 0515
VDD
testpoint
N_VDD
1
Header_3
J1
L
1
1
Viper16L
A.1
Header_3
J2
relay_out
L
testpoint
R2
Appendix A
rela
y
R27
10k
R1
UM1631
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
Schematic
Figure 9. STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
19/27
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
A.2
UM1631
Demonstration board layout
Figure 10. STEVAL-IHT005V2 - top layer
Figure 11. STEVAL-IHT005V2 - bottom layer
20/27
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
A.3
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
Test point lists
Table 7. Test points definition
Name
G_T1
Control signal of T1 (T1635H)
ZVC
“Zero Voltage Crossing” signal
-6 V
Reference of SMPS output voltage
N_VDD
Neutral reference and VDD
-3.3 V
Reference for MCU power supply
A2_T1
A2 terminal of T1
VDD
OUT_T2
MCU power supply voltage
OUT terminal of T2 (ACST16)
G_T3
Control signal of T3 (Z0109)
A2_T3
A2 terminal of T3
G_T2
Control signal of T2 (ACST16)
G_ACS1
Control signal of ACS1
OUT_ACS1
OUT terminal of ACS1
G_ACS2
Control signal of ACS2
OUT_ACS2
OUT terminal of ACS2
G_ACS3
Control signal of ACS3
OUT_ACS3
OUT terminal of ACS3
Line
A.4
Definition
LINE voltage
Gate resistor calculation
The gate resistor value must be defined within the equation below to ensure to apply a gate
current higher than specified IGT for the worst operating conditions:
Gate resistor calculation
V DD – M in – V GT – M ax – V OL
1
R g  -------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------


l G  0C 
R
g – t ol
 1 + -------------

100
DocID024503 Rev 1
21/27
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
UM1631
Assumptions for calculation
Note:

VDD_Min is minimum supply voltage (typically 3 V for 3.3 V power supply taking into
account dispersion of resistors at LM337).

VGT_Max = 1.0 V (maximum gate voltage that must be applied between gate and A1 or
COM).

VOL = 0.4 V maximum MCU I/O port voltage when turned to low level (given by the
datasheet (0.4 V for STM32F100)).
VOL value of 0.4 V is used also for BC547B buffer transistor control.

Rg_tol is tolerance of used resistor (typically 1% or 5%).

IG (0 °C) is gate current for minimum ambient temperature (normally 0 °C) (refer to
Triac family datasheet curve).
Standard resistor choices, according to the above equation and assumptions, are shown in
Table 8.
Table 8. Gate resistor definition for each device
T1635H
ACST16
ACS108
Z0109
Tolerance of Rg (%)
Rg ()
Rg standard ()
1
31.7
2 x 15
5
30.4
2 x 15
1
31.7
2 x 15
5
30.4
2 x 15
1
112.2
2 x 56
5
107.8
2 x 51
1
112.2
2 x 56
5
107.8
2 x 51
In the STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board tolerance resistors of 1% are used.
22/27
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
A.5
Bill of material
Table 9. Bill of material
Quantity
Designator
Value
Description
Vendor
Order code
1
C3
N/A
Capacitor
1
P1
N/A
Header, 4-pin
2
C17, C18
N/A
Capacitor
2
R6, R7
N/A
Resistor
2
R9, R30
N/A
Resistor
1
C11
X2 47 nF/305 V
Capacitor
EPCOS
B32922C3473K000
6
C2, C12, C14,
C19, C21, C23
X2 10 nF/305 V
Capacitor
EPCOS
B32921C3103K000
1
C1
100 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor
Any
3
C4, C30, C31
1 nF/50 V 0805 SMD
Capacitor
Any
1
C8
1 F/16 V 0603 SMD
Capacitor
Any
1
C9
10 nF/50 V 0603 SMD
Capacitor
Any
1
CE1
10 F/50 V
Electrolytic capacitor
Any
1
CE4
220 F/16 V
Electrolytic capacitor
Any
1
CE5
10 uF/16 V
Electrolytic capacitor
Any
1
CE6
N/A
Electrolytic capacitor
Any
1
CN2
MLW20G
Connector
Any
1
D6
LED 0805 red 20 mA
Typical LED
Any
1
K1
RAS 0515
Single-pole relay
Any
1
L1
1 mH 0.13 A
Inductor
Any
1
L2
1 mH 0.28 A
Inductor
Any
1
L3
1 H 0805 SMD
0.09 A
Inductor
Any
1
Q1
BC557A
PNP bipolar
transistor
Any
1
Q2
BC547A
NPN bipolar
transistor
Any
1
R12
N/A
Varistor
Any
1
R14
595-275
Varistor
Any
1
R15
1.2 k 0.6 W
Resistor
Any
1
R18
2 k 0.6 W
Resistor
Any
1
R28
56  0.6 W
Resistor
Any
1
R31
4.7 k0.6 W
Resistor
Any
1
R32
2 k 0805 SMD
Resistor
Any
DocID024503 Rev 1
23/27
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
UM1631
Table 9. Bill of material (continued)
Quantity
Designator
Value
Description
Vendor
1
R5
22  - 5% 2 W
Resistor
Any
1
R69
100  0.6 W
Resistor
Any
1
S1
P-DT6BL
Button
Any
2
S2, S3
P-DT6SW
Button
Any
1
S4
P-DT6WS
Button
Any
1
S5
P-DT6RT
Button
Any
1
XT1
N/A
Crystal oscillator
(HC49/U 8 MHz)
Any
2
CE2, CE3
4.7 F/450 V
Electrolytic capacitor
Any
2
R1, R2
220 k - 1% 0.6 W
Resistor
Any
2
R3, R4
56 k 0805 SMD
Resistor
Any
2
R65, R66
50 k
Potentiometer + shaft Any
3
C5, C6, C7
100 nF/50 V 0603 SMD Capacitor
Any
3
D1, D2, D5
1N4007 SMA
Default diode
Any
3
R23, R34, R70
1 k 0805 SMD
Resistor
Any
4
J1, J2, J3, J4
ARK300V-3P
Three-pole terminal
Any
4
R8, R10, R16,
R17
15  0805 SMD
Resistor
Any
5
R13, R19, R43,
R51, R60
75  0.6 W
Resistor
Any
5
R61, R62, R63,
R64, R68
100  0805 SMD
Resistor
Any
6
C10, C13, C16,
C20, C22, C24
10 nF/50 V 0805 SMD
Capacitor
Any
6
C15, C25, C26,
C27, C28, C29
100 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor
Any
6
D7, D8, D9,
D10, D11, D12
LED 0805 green
20 mA
Typical LED
Any
6
R11, R26, R33,
R41, R50, R59
0R STIP line 2x +
jumper
Short-circuit
connector
Any
6
R21, R27, R36,
R42, R45, R46
10 k 0805 SMD
Resistor
Any
6
R35, R37, R40,
R44, R47, R52
510  0805 SMD
Resistor
Any
7
C32, C33, C34,
C35, C36, C37,
C38
10 nF/50 V 0805 SMD
Capacitor
Any
24/27
DocID024503 Rev 1
Order code
UM1631
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
Table 9. Bill of material (continued)
Quantity
Designator
Value
Description
Vendor
Order code
7
R20, R22, R53,
R54, R55, R56,
R67
4.7 k0805 SMD
Resistor
Any
9
R24, R25, R29,
R38, R39, R48,
R49, R57, R58
56  0805 SMD
Resistor
Any
18
-3V3, -6 V,
A2_T1, A2_T3,
G_ACS1,
G_ACS2,
G_ACS3, G_T1,
G_T2, G_T3, L,
Test point
N_VDD,
OUT_ ACS1,
OUT_ACS2,
OUT_ACS3,
OUT_T2, VDD,
ZVC
Test point
RS
1
T1
16 A Triac
High temperature
Triac
STMicroelectronics T1635H-6T
1
T2
16 A ACST
1
T3
1 A Triac
1
TR1
P6KE400CA
1
262-2179
ST
ACST1635-8FP
Standard 4Q Triac
ST
Z0109MA
Transil
ST
P6KE400CA
U1
Monolithic AC-DC
converter
ST
VIPer16LN
1
U2
Voltage regulator
ST
LM337
1
U3
32-bit MCU
ST
STM32F100C4T6B
2
D3, D4
Fast diode
ST
STTH1R06
3
ACS1, ACS2,
ACS3
ST
ACS108-8SA
0.8 A AC switch
20 x 20 x 30 mm
~6 K/W
Heatsink
Any
4
Distance columns,
10 mm, KDI6M3X10
Any
4
M3 screw, 6 mm long Any
2
DocID024503 Rev 1
25/27
Revision history
UM1631
Revision history
Table 10. Document revision history
26/27
Date
Revision
01-Oct-2013
1
Changes
Initial release.
DocID024503 Rev 1
UM1631
Please Read Carefully:
Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the
right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any
time, without notice.
All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale.
Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no
liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein.
No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. If any part of this
document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by ST for the use of such third party products
or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoever of such
third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein.
UNLESS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN ST’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE ST DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE USE AND/OR SALE OF ST PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS
OF ANY JURISDICTION), OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT.
ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED OR AUTHORIZED FOR USE IN: (A) SAFETY CRITICAL APPLICATIONS SUCH AS LIFE
SUPPORTING, ACTIVE IMPLANTED DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITH PRODUCT FUNCTIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS; (B)
AERONAUTIC APPLICATIONS; (C) AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OR ENVIRONMENTS, AND/OR (D) AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS
OR ENVIRONMENTS. WHERE ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED FOR SUCH USE, THE PURCHASER SHALL USE PRODUCTS AT
PURCHASER’S SOLE RISK, EVEN IF ST HAS BEEN INFORMED IN WRITING OF SUCH USAGE, UNLESS A PRODUCT IS
EXPRESSLY DESIGNATED BY ST AS BEING INTENDED FOR “AUTOMOTIVE, AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY OR MEDICAL” INDUSTRY
DOMAINS ACCORDING TO ST PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS. PRODUCTS FORMALLY ESCC, QML OR JAN QUALIFIED ARE
DEEMED SUITABLE FOR USE IN AEROSPACE BY THE CORRESPONDING GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY.
Resale of ST products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void
any warranty granted by ST for the ST product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoever, any
liability of ST.
ST and the ST logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of ST in various countries.
Information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied.
The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. All other names are the property of their respective owners.
© 2013 STMicroelectronics - All rights reserved
STMicroelectronics group of companies
Australia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Philippines - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America
www.st.com
DocID024503 Rev 1
27/27