KAI-2001 1600 (H) x 1200 (V) Interline CCD Image Sensor Description The KAI−2001 Image Sensor is a high-performance 2-million pixel sensor designed for a wide range of medical, scientific and machine vision applications. The 7.4 mm square pixels with microlenses provide high sensitivity and the large full well capacity results in high dynamic range. The split horizontal register offers a choice of single or dual output allowing either 15 or 30 frame per second (fps) video rate for the progressively scanned images. Also included is a fast line dump for sub-sampling at higher frame rates. The vertical overflow drain structure provides anti-blooming protection and enables electronic shuttering for precise exposure control. Other features include low dark current, negligible lag and low smear. www.onsemi.com Table 1. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Typical Value Architecture Interline CCD, Progressive Scan Total Number of Pixels 1640 (H) × 1214 (V) Number of Effective Pixels 1608 (H) × 1208 (V) Number of Active Pixels 1600 (H) × 1200 (V) Pixel Size 7.4 mm (H) × 7.4 mm (V) Active Image Size 13.38 mm (H) × 9.52 mm (V), 14.803 mm (Diagonal), 1″ Optical Format Aspect Ratio 4:3 Number of Outputs 1 or 2 Saturation Signal 40,000 e− Quantum Efficiency −ABA −CBA (RGB) 55% 45%, 42%, 35% Output Sensitivity 16 mV/e− Total System Noise 40 MHz 20 MHz 40 e− 23 e− Dark Current < 0.5 nA/cm2 Dark Current Doubling Temp. 7°C Dynamic Range 60 dB Charge Transfer Efficiency > 0.999999 Blooming Suppression 300X Smear 80 dB Image Lag < 10 e− Maximum Data Rate 40 MHz Package 32-pin, CERDIP Figure 1. KAI−2001 Interline CCD Image Sensor Features • • • • • • • High Resolution High Sensitivity High Dynamic Range Low Noise Architecture High Frame Rate Binning Capability for Higher Frame Rate Electronic Shutter Applications • Machine Vision • Scientific ORDERING INFORMATION See detailed ordering and shipping information on page 2 of this data sheet. NOTE: All Parameters are specified at T = 40°C unless otherwise noted. © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2016 February, 2016 − Rev. 3 1 Publication Order Number: KAI−2001/D KAI−2001 ORDERING INFORMATION Table 2. ORDERING INFORMATION − KAI−2001 IMAGE SENSOR Part Number Description KAI−2001−AAA−CF−BA Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Quartz Cover Glass (No Coatings), Standard Grade KAI−2001−AAA−CF−AE Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Quartz Cover Glass (No Coatings), Engineering Sample KAI−2001−AAA−CP−BA Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Taped Clear Cover Glass, Standard Grade KAI−2001−AAA−CP−AE Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Taped Clear Cover Glass, Engineering Sample KAI−2001−AAA−CR−BA* Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Taped Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (2 Sides), Standard Grade KAI−2001−AAA−CR−AE* Monochrome, No Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Taped Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (2 Sides), Engineering Sample KAI−2001−ABA−CD−BA Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Standard Grade KAI−2001−ABA−CD−AE Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Sample KAI−2001−ABA−CP−BA Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Taped Clear Cover Glass, Standard Grade KAI−2001−ABA−CP−AE Monochrome, Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Taped Clear Cover Glass, Engineering Sample KAI−2001−CBA−CD−BA* Color Gen1 (Bayer RGB), Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Standard Grade KAI−2001−CBA−CD−AE* Color Gen1 (Bayer RGB), Telecentric Microlens, CERDIP Package (Sidebrazed), Clear Cover Glass with AR Coating (Both Sides), Engineering Sample Marking Code KAI−2001 Serial Number KAI−2001M Serial Number KAI−2001CM Serial Number *Not recommended for new designs. Table 3. ORDERING INFORMATION − EVALUATION SUPPORT Part Number Description KAI−2020−12−20−A−EVK Evaluation Board, 12 Bit, 20 MHz (Complete Kit) KAI−2020−10−40−A−EVK Evaluation Board, 10 Bit, 40 MHz (Complete Kit) See the ON Semiconductor Device Nomenclature document (TND310/D) for a full description of the naming convention used for image sensors. For reference documentation, including information on evaluation kits, please visit our web site at www.onsemi.com. www.onsemi.com 2 KAI−2001 DEVICE DESCRIPTION Architecture 4 Dark Rows 1600 (H) x 1200 (V) Active Pixels 16 Dark Columns G R 4 Buffer Columns B G G R 4 Buffer Columns 16 Dark Columns 4 Buffer Rows B G B G 4 Dummy Pixels 4 Dummy Pixels Pixel 1,1 B G G R G R 4 Buffer Rows 2 Dark Rows Video L Video R Single 4 16 4 or Dual Output 4 16 4 1600 800 800 4 16 4 4 16 4 Figure 2. Sensor Architecture out Video R. Each row consists of 4 empty pixels followed by 16 light shielded pixels followed by 800 photosensitive pixels. When reconstructing the image, data from Video R will have to be reversed in a line buffer and appended to the Video L data. There are 4 dark reference rows at the top and 2 dark rows at the bottom of the image sensor. The dark rows are not entirely dark and so should not be used for a dark reference level. Use the 16 dark columns on the left or right side of the image sensor as a dark reference. Of the 16 dark columns, the first and last dark columns should not be used for determining the zero signal level. Some light does leak into the first and last dark columns. Only use the center 14 columns of the 16 column dark reference. There are 2 light shielded rows followed 1,208 photoactive rows and finally 4 more light shielded rows. The first 4 and the last 4 photoactive rows are buffer rows giving a total of 1,200 lines of image data. In the single output mode all pixels are clocked out of the Video L output in the lower left corner of the sensor. The first 4 empty pixels of each line do not receive charge from the vertical shift register. The next 16 pixels receive charge from the left light shielded edge followed by 1,608 photosensitive pixels and finally 16 more light shielded pixels from the right edge of the sensor. The first and last 4 photosensitive pixels are buffer pixels giving a total of 1,600 pixels of image data. In the dual output mode the clocking of the right half of the horizontal CCD is reversed. The left half of the image is clocked out Video L and the right half of the image is clocked www.onsemi.com 3 KAI−2001 Pixel ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ Top View Direction of Charge Transfer Cross Section Down Through VCCD V1 V2 V1 7.4 mm V1 Photodiode Transfer Gate ÉÉ ÉÉ ÉÉ ÉÉ n− V2 n− ÉÉ ÉÉ n− n p Well (GND) Direction of Charge Transfer 7.4 mm n Substrate True Two Phase Burried Channel VCCD Lightshield over VCCD not shown Cross Section Through Photodiode and VCCD Phase 1 Cross Section Through Photodiode and VCCD Phase 2 at Transfer Gate Light Shield Light Shield É É p Photodiode ÉÉ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ É ÉÉ ÉÉÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÉ ÉÉ V1 p+ n p n Transfer Gate p+ p p n p ÏÏÏÏÏÏ ÉÉ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÉÉ V2 n p p p n Substrate n Substrate NOTE: Drawings not scale. p Cross Section Showing Lenslet Lenslet Red Color Filter Light Shield Light Shield VCCD VCCD Photodiode Figure 3. Pixel Architecture An electronic representation of an image is formed when incident photons falling on the sensor plane create electron-hole pairs within the individual silicon photodiodes. These photoelectrons are collected locally by the formation of potential wells at each photosite. Below photodiode saturation, the number of photoelectrons collected at each pixel is linearly dependent upon light level and exposure time and non-linearly dependent on wavelength. When the photodiodes charge capacity is reached, excess electrons are discharged into the substrate to prevent blooming. www.onsemi.com 4 KAI−2001 Vertical to Horizontal Transfer ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËËËËËË ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉ ËË ËË ËË ËË ËË ËË ËË ËË ËË ËË ËË ËË ËË ËË Top View Direction of Vertical Charge Transfer V1 Photodiode Transfer Gate V2 V1 Fast Line Dump V2 H2B H2S H1B Lightshield Not Shown H1S Direction of Horizontal Charge Transfer Figure 4. Vertical to Horizontal Transfer Architecture When the V1 and V2 timing inputs are pulsed, charge in every pixel of the VCCD is shifted one row towards the HCCD. The last row next to the HCCD is shifted into the HCCD. When the VCCD is shifted, the timing signals to the HCCD must be stopped. H1 must be stopped in the high state and H2 must be stopped in the low state. The HCCD clocking may begin tHD ms after the falling edge of the V1 and V2 pulse. Charge is transferred from the last vertical CCD phase into the H1S horizontal CCD phase. Refer to Figure 27 for an example of timing that accomplishes the vertical to horizontal transfer of charge. If the fast line dump is held at the high level (FDH) during a vertical to horizontal transfer, then the entire line is removed and not transferred into the horizontal register. www.onsemi.com 5 KAI−2001 Horizontal Register to Floating Diffusion RD R n+ n OG n+ Floating Diffusion H2B H1S H1B ÏÏ ÏÏÏ n− H2S n− n (burried channel) H2B ÏÏÏ n− H1S H1B ÏÏÏÏ n− p (GND) n (SUB) Figure 5. Horizontal Register to Floating Diffusion Architecture When the HCCD is shifting valid image data, the timing inputs to the electronic shutter (SUB), VCCD (V1, V2), and fast line dump (FD) should be not be pulsed. This prevents unwanted noise from being introduced. The HCCD is a type of charge coupled device known as a pseudo-two phase CCD. This type of CCD has the ability to shift charge in two directions. This allows the entire image to be shifted out to the video L output, or to the video R output (left/right image reversal). The HCCD is split into two equal halves of 824 pixels each. When operating the sensor in single output mode the two halves of the HCCD are shifted in the same direction. When operating the sensor in dual output mode the two halves of the HCCD are shifted in opposite directions. The direction of charge transfer in each half is controlled by the H1BL, H2BL, H1BR, and H2BR timing inputs. The HCCD has a total of 1,648 pixels. The 1,640 vertical shift registers (columns) are shifted into the center 1,640 pixels of the HCCD. There are 4 pixels at both ends of the HCCD, which receive no charge from a vertical shift register. The first 4 clock cycles of the HCCD will be empty pixels (containing no electrons). The next 16 clock cycles will contain only electrons generated by dark current in the VCCD and photodiodes. The next 1,608 clock cycles will contain photo-electrons (image data). Finally, the last 16 clock cycles will contain only electrons generated by dark current in the VCCD and photodiodes. Of the 16 dark columns, the first and last dark columns should not be used for determining the zero signal level. Some light does leak into the first and last dark columns. Only use the center 14 columns of the 16 column dark reference. www.onsemi.com 6 KAI−2001 Horizontal Register Split H1 H2 H2 H1 H1 H2 H2 H1BL H2SL H2BL H1SL H1BL H2SL H1BR Pixel 824 H1 H1SR H1 H2 H2BR H2SR Pixel 825 Single Output H1 H2 H2 H1 H1 H2 H1 H1 H2 H2 H1BL H2SL H2BL H1SL H1BL H2SL H1BR H1SR H2BR H2SR Pixel 824 Pixel 825 Dual Output Figure 6. Horizontal Register Dual Output Operation In dual output mode the connections to the H1BR and H2BR pins are swapped from the single output mode to change the direction of charge transfer of the right side horizontal shift register. In dual output mode both VDDL and VDDR (pins 25, 24) should be connected to 15 V. The H1 timing from the timing diagrams should be applied to H1SL, H1BL, H1SR, H1BR, and the H2 timing should be applied to H2SL, H2BL, H2SR, and H2BR. The clock driver generating the H1 timing should be connected to pins 4, 3, 13, and 14. The clock driver generating the H2 timing should be connected to pins 5, 2, 12, and 15. The horizontal CCD should be clocked for 4 empty pixels plus 16 light shielded pixels plus 804 photoactive pixels for a total of 824 pixels. If the camera is to have the option of dual or single output mode, the clock driver signals sent to H1BR and H2BR may be swapped by using a relay. Another alternative is to have two extra clock drivers for H1BR and H2BR and invert the signals in the timing logic generator. If two extra clock drivers are used, care must be taken to ensure the rising and falling edges of the H1BR and H2BR clocks occur at the same time (within 3 ns) as the other HCCD clocks. Single Output Operation When operating the sensor in single output mode all pixels of the image sensor will be shifted out the Video L output (pin 31). To conserve power and lower heat generation the output amplifier for Video R may be turned off by connecting VDDR (pin 24) and VOUTR (pin 24) to GND (zero volts). The H1 timing from the timing diagrams should be applied to H1SL, H1BL, H1SR, H2BR, and the H2 timing should be applied to H2SL, H2BL, H2SR, and H1BR. In other words, the clock driver generating the H1 timing should be connected to pins 4, 3, 13, and 15. The clock driver generating the H2 timing should be connected to pins 5, 2, 12, and 14. The horizontal CCD should be clocked for 4 empty pixels plus 16 light shielded pixels plus 1,608 photoactive pixels plus 16 light shielded pixels for a total of 1,644 pixels. www.onsemi.com 7 KAI−2001 Output H1S HCCD Charge Transfer H2B H2S H1B H1S H2B VDD OG R RD VDD Floating Diffusion VOUT Source Follower #1 VSS Source Follower #2 Source Follower #3 Figure 7. Output Architecture Charge packets contained in the horizontal register are dumped pixel by pixel onto the floating diffusion (FD) output node whose potential varies linearly with the quantity of charge in each packet. The amount of potential charge is determined by the expression DVFD = DQ / CFD. A three-stage source-follower amplifier is used to buffer this signal voltage off chip with slightly less than unity gain. The translation from the charge domain to the voltage domain is quantified by the output sensitivity or charge to voltage conversion in terms of microvolts per electron (mV/e−). After the signal has been sampled off chip, the reset clock (R) removes the charge from the floating diffusion and resets its potential to the reset drain voltage (RD). When the image sensor is operated in the binned or summed interlaced modes there will be more than 40,000 e− in the output signal. The image sensor is designed with a 16 mV/e charge to voltage conversion on the output. This means a full signal of 40,000 electrons will produce a 640 mV change on the output amplifier. The output amplifier was designed to handle an output swing of 640 mV at a pixel rate of 40 MHz. If 80,000 electron charge packets are generated in the binned or summed interlaced modes then the output amplifier output will have to swing 1,280 mV. The output amplifier does not have enough bandwidth (slew rate) to handle 1,280 mV at 40 MHz. Hence, the pixel rate will have to be reduced to 20 MHz if the full dynamic range of 80,000 electrons is desired. The charge handling capacity of the output amplifier is also set by the reset clock voltage levels. The reset clock driver circuit is very simple if an amplitude of 5 V is used. But the 5 V amplitude restricts the output amplifier charge capacity to 40,000 electrons. If the full dynamic range of 80,000 electrons is desired then the reset clock amplitude will have to be increased to 7 V. If you only want a maximum signal of 40,000 electrons in binned or summed interlaced modes, then a 40 MHz pixel rate with a 5 V reset clock may be used. The output of the amplifier will be unpredictable above 40,000 electrons so be sure to set the maximum input signal level of your analog to digital converter to the equivalent of 40,000 electrons (640 mV). www.onsemi.com 8 KAI−2001 VSS VOUTL ESD fV2 fV1 VSUB GND VDDL VDDR GND VSUB fV1 fV2 GND VOUTR VSS Pin Description and Physical Orientation 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 9 fH1SL fH2SL GND OGL RDL RDR 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 fRR 8 fH2BR 7 fH1BR 6 fH1SR 5 fH2SR 4 fFD 3 OGR 2 fH1BL fRL 1 fH2BL Pixel1,1 1, 1 Pixel Figure 8. Package Pin Designations − Top View Table 4. PIN DESCRIPTION Pin Name 1 fRL 2 Pin Description Name Description Reset Gate, Left 17 VSS fH2BL H2 Barrier, Left 18 VOUTR 3 fH1BL H1 Barrier, Left 19 GND Ground 4 fH1SL H1 Storage, Left 20 fV2 Vertical Clock, Phase 2 5 fH2SL H2 Storage, Left 21 fV1 Vertical Clock, Phase 1 6 GND Ground 22 VSUB Substrate 7 OGL Output Gate, Left 23 GND Ground 8 RDL Reset Drain, Left 24 VDDR VDD, Right 9 RDR Reset Drain, Right 25 VDDL VDD, Left 10 ORG Output Gate, Right 26 GND Ground 11 FD Fast Line Dump Gate 27 VSUB Substrate 12 fH2SR H2 Storage, Right 28 fV1 Vertical Clock, Phase 1 13 fH1SR H1 Storage, Right 29 fV2 Vertical Clock, Phase 2 14 fH1BR H1 Barrier, Right 30 ESD ESD 15 fH2BR H2 Barrier, Right 31 VOUTL 16 fRR Reset Gate, Right 32 VSS NOTE: The pins are on a 0.070″ spacing. www.onsemi.com 9 Output Amplifier Return Video Output, Right Video Output, Left Output Amplifier Return KAI−2001 IMAGING PERFORMANCE Table 5. TYPICAL OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS (Unless otherwise noted, the Imaging Performance Specifications are measured using the following conditions.) Condition Description Notes Frame Time 237 ms 1 Horizontal Clock Frequency 10 MHz Light Source Continuous Red, Green and Blue LED Illumination Centered at 450, 530 and 650 nm Operation Nominal Operating Voltages and Timing 2, 3 1. Electronic shutter is not used. Integration time equals frame time. 2. LEDs used: Blue: Nichia NLPB500, Green: Nichia NSPG500S and Red: HP HLMP−8115. 3. For monochrome sensor, only green LED used. Specifications Table 6. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS Temperature Tested at (5C) Min. Nom. Max. Unit Sampling Plan Dark Center Uniformity N/A N/A 20 e− rms Die 27, 40 Dark Global Uniformity N/A N/A 5.0 mVpp Die 27, 40 Global Uniformity (Note 1) N/A 2.5 5.0 % rms Die 27, 40 N/A 10 20 % pp Die 27, 40 27, 40 Description Symbol ALL CONFIGURATIONS Global Peak to Peak Uniformity (Note 1) PRNU Center Uniformity (Note 1) N/A 1.0 2.0 % rms Die Maximum Photoresponse Non-Linearity (Notes 2, 3) NL N/A 2 − % Design Maximum Gain Difference between Outputs (Notes 2, 3) DG N/A 10 − % Design Max. Signal Error due to Non-Linearity Dif. (Notes 2, 3) DNL N/A 1 − % Design Horizontal CCD Charge Capacity HNe N/A 100 N/A ke− Design N/A ke− Die ke− Die Vertical CCD Charge Capacity Photodiode Charge Capacity VNe N/A 50 PNe 38 40 N/A Horizontal CCD Charge Transfer Efficiency HCTE 0.99999 N/A N/A Design Vertical CCD Charge Transfer Efficiency VCTE 0.99999 N/A N/A Design Photodiode Dark Current IPD N/A N/A 40 0.01 350 0.1 e/p/s nA/cm2 Die 27, 40 Vertical CCD Dark Current IVD N/A N/A 400 0.12 1,711 0.5 e/p/s nA/cm2 Die 27, 40 Image Lag Lag N/A < 10 50 e− Design Anti-Blooming Factor XAB 100 300 N/A Vertical Smear Smr N/A 80 75 Total Noise (Note 4) ne−T − 23 Design dB Design − e− rms Design e− rms Design Total Noise (Note 5) ne−T − 40 − Dynamic Range (Notes 5, 6) DR − 60 − dB Design VODC 4 8.5 14 V Die Output Amplifier DC Offset www.onsemi.com 10 KAI−2001 Table 6. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS (continued) Symbol Min. Nom. Max. Unit Sampling Plan Output Amplifier Bandwidth f−3DB − 140 − MHz Design Output Amplifier Impedance ROUT 100 130 200 W Die Output Amplifier Sensitivity DV/DN − 16 − mV/e− Design QEMAX 45 55 N/A % Design lQE N/A 500 N/A nm Design % Design − − − 35 42 45 N/A N/A N/A nm Design − − − 620 540 470 N/A N/A N/A Description ALL CONFIGURATIONS KAI−2001−ABA CONFIGURATION Peak Quantum Efficiency Peak Quantum Efficiency Wavelength KAI−2001−CBA CONFIGURATION Peak Quantum Efficiency Red Green Blue Peak Quantum Efficiency Wavelength Red Green Blue QEMAX lQE NOTE: N/A = Not Applicable. 1. Per color. 2. Value is over the range of 10% to 90% of photodiode saturation. 3. Value is for the sensor operated without binning. 4. Includes system electronics noise, dark pattern noise and dark current shot noise at 20 MHz. 5. Includes system electronics noise, dark pattern noise and dark current shot noise at 40 MHz. 6. Uses 20LOG (PNe / ne−T). www.onsemi.com 11 Temperature Tested at (5C) KAI−2001 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES Quantum Efficiency Monochrome with Microlens 0.6 Measured with Glass Absolute Quantum Efficiency 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Wavelength (nm) Figure 9. Monochrome with Microlens Quantum Efficiency Monochrome without Microlens 0.12 Absolute Quantum Efficiency 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 240 340 440 540 640 740 840 Wavelength (nm) Figure 10. Monochrome without Microlens Quantum Efficiency www.onsemi.com 12 940 KAI−2001 Color (Bayer RGB) with Microlens 0.50 0.45 Measured with Glass Absolute Quantum Efficiency 0.40 Red 0.35 Green Blue 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm) Figure 11. Color (Bayer RGB) Quantum Efficiency www.onsemi.com 13 900 1000 KAI−2001 Angular Quantum Efficiency For the curves marked “Horizontal”, the incident light angle is varied in a plane parallel to the HCCD. For the curves marked “Vertical”, the incident light angle is varied in a plane parallel to the VCCD. Monochrome with Microlens 100 Relative Quantum Efficiency (%) 90 Vertical 80 70 60 50 Horizontal 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Angle (degress) Figure 12. Angular Quantum Efficiency Dark Current vs. Temperature 100,000 10,000 Electrons/Second VCCD 1,000 100 Photodiodes 10 1 1000/T(K) 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 T (C) 97 84 72 60 50 40 30 21 Figure 13. Dark Current vs. Temperature www.onsemi.com 14 KAI−2001 Power-Estimated Right Output Disabled 500 450 Output Power One Output (mW) Vertical Power One Output (mW) 400 Horizonatl Power (mW) Total Power One Output (mW) Power (mW) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Horizontal Clock Frequency (MHz) Figure 14. Power Frame Rates 70 Dual 2×2 Binning 60 Frame Rate (fps) 50 Dual Output or Single 2×2 Binning 40 30 20 Single Output 10 0 10 15 20 25 Pixel Clock (MHz) Figure 15. Frame Rates www.onsemi.com 15 30 35 40 KAI−2001 DEFECT DEFINITIONS Table 7. DEFECT DEFINITIONS Definition Maximum Temperature(s) Tested at (5C) Notes Major Dark Field Defective Pixel Defect ≥ 179 mV 20 27, 40 1 Major Bright Field Defective Pixel Defect ≥ 15% 20 27, 40 1 Minor Dark Field Defective Pixel Defect ≥ 57 mV 200 27, 40 Cluster Defect A group of 2 to 10 contiguous major defective pixels, but no more than 2 adjacent defects horizontally. 8 27, 40 1 Column Defect A group of more than 10 contiguous major defective pixels along a single column. 0 27, 40 1 Description 1. There will be at least two non-defective pixels separating any two major defective pixels. Defect Map The defect map supplied with each sensor is based upon testing at an ambient (27°C) temperature. Minor point defects are not included in the defect map. All defective pixels are reference to pixel 1, 1 in the defect maps. www.onsemi.com 16 KAI−2001 TEST DEFINITIONS Test Regions of Interest Active Area ROI: Center 100 by 100 ROI: Overclocking The test system timing is configured such that the sensor is overclocked in both the vertical and horizontal directions. See Figure 16 for a pictorial representation of the regions. Pixel (1, 1) to Pixel (1600, 1200) Pixel (750, 550) to Pixel (849, 649) Only the active pixels are used for performance and defect tests. Horizontal Overclock Pixel 1,1 Vertical Overclock Figure 16. Overclock Regions of Interest Tests Dark Field Center Non-Uniformity This test is performed under dark field conditions. Only the center 100 by 100 pixels of the sensor are used for this test − pixel (750, 550) to pixel (849, 649). Dark Field Center Uniformity + Standard Deviation of Center 100 by 100 Pixels in Electrons @ ǒ Ǔ DPS Integration Time Actual Integration Time Used Units: mV rms. DPS Integration Time: Device Performance Specification Integration Time = 33 ms. Dark Field Global Non-Uniformity This test is performed under dark field conditions. The sensor is partitioned into 192 sub regions of interest, each of which is 100 by 100 pixels in size. See Figure 17. The average signal level of each of the 192 sub regions of interest is calculated. The signal level of each of the sub regions of interest is calculated using the following formula: are found. The dark field global uniformity is then calculated as the maximum signal found minus the minimum signal level found. Global Non-Uniformity This test is performed with the imager illuminated to a level such that the output is at 80% of saturation (approximately 32,000 electrons). Prior to this test being performed the substrate voltage has been set such that the charge capacity of the sensor is 40,000 electrons. Global uniformity is defined as: Signal of ROI[i] + (ROI Average in ADU * * Horizontal Overclock Average in ADU) @ @ mV per Count Global Uniformity + 100 @ Units : mVpp (millivolts Peak to Peak) Where i = 1 to 192. During this calculation on the 192 sub regions of interest, the maximum and minimum signal levels ǒ Active Area Standard Deviation Active Area Signal Ǔ Units : % rms Active Area Signal = Active Area Average − H. Overclock Average www.onsemi.com 17 KAI−2001 Bright Field Defect Test This test is performed with the imager illuminated to a level such that the output is at 80% of saturation (approximately 32,000 electrons). Prior to this test being performed the substrate voltage has been set such that the charge capacity of the sensor is 40,000 electrons. The average signal level of all active pixels is found. The bright and dark thresholds are set as: Global Peak to Peak Non-Uniformity This test is performed with the imager illuminated to a level such that the output is at 80% of saturation (approximately 32,000 electrons). Prior to this test being performed the substrate voltage has been set such that the charge capacity of the sensor is 40,000 electrons. The sensor is partitioned into 192 sub regions of interest, each of which is 100 by 100 pixels in size. See Figure 17. The average signal level of each of the 192 sub regions of interest (ROI) is calculated. The signal level of each of the sub regions of interest is calculated using the following formula: Dark Defect Threshold = Active Area Signal @ Threshold Bright Defect Threshold = Active Area Signal @ Threshold The sensor is then partitioned into 192 sub regions of interest, each of which is 100 by 100 pixels in size (see Figure 17). In each region of interest, the average value of all pixels is found. For each region of interest, a pixel is marked defective if it is greater than or equal to the median value of that region of interest plus the bright threshold specified or if it is less than or equal to the median value of that region of interest minus the dark threshold specified. Example for major bright field defective pixels: • Average value of all active pixels is found to be 416 mV (32,000 electrons). • Dark defect threshold: 416 mV ⋅ 15% = 62.4 mV. • Bright defect threshold: 416 mV ⋅ 15% = 62.4 mV. • Region of interest #1 selected. This region of interest is pixels 1, 1 to pixels 100, 100. ♦ Median of this region of interest is found to be 416 mV. ♦ Any pixel in this region of interest that is ≥ (416 + 62.4 mV) 478.4 mV in intensity will be marked defective. ♦ Any pixel in this region of interest that is ≥ (416 − 62.4 mV) 353.6 mV in intensity will be marked defective. • All remaining 191 sub regions of interest are analyzed for defective pixels in the same manner. Signal of ROI[i] + (ROI Average in ADU * * Horizontal Overclock Average in ADU) @ @ mV per Count Where i = 1 to 192. During this calculation on the 192 sub regions of interest, the maximum and minimum signal levels are found. The global peak to peak uniformity is then calculated as: Global Uniformity + Max. Signal * Min. Signal Active Area Signal Units : % pp Center Non-Uniformity This test is performed with the imager illuminated to a level such that the output is at 80% of saturation (approximately 32,000 electrons). Prior to this test being performed the substrate voltage has been set such that the charge capacity of the sensor is 40,000 electrons. Defects are excluded for the calculation of this test. This test is performed on the center 100 by 100 pixels of the sensor (see Figure 17). Center uniformity is defined as: Center ROI Uniformity + 100 @ ǒ Center ROI Standard Deviation Center ROI Signal Ǔ Units : % rms Center ROI Signal = Center ROI Average − H. Overclock Average Dark Field Defect Test This test is performed under dark field conditions. The sensor is partitioned into 192 sub regions of interest, each of which is 100 by 100 pixels in size (see Figure 17). In each region of interest, the median value of all pixels is found. For each region of interest, a pixel is marked defective if it is greater than or equal to the median value of that region of interest plus the defect threshold specified in “Defect Definitions” section. www.onsemi.com 18 KAI−2001 Test Sub Regions of Interest Pixel (1,1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 Pixel (1600,1200) Figure 17. Test Sub Regions of Interest www.onsemi.com 19 KAI−2001 OPERATION Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute maximum rating is defined as a level or condition that should not be exceeded at any time per the description. If the level or the condition is exceeded, the device will be degraded and may be damaged. Table 8. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Description Operating Temperature Symbol Minimum Maximum Unit Notes TOP −50 70 °C 1 Humidity RH 5 90 % 2 Output Bias Current IOUT 0.0 10 mA 3 CL − 10 pF 4 Off-Chip Load Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected. 1. Noise performance will degrade at higher temperatures. 2. T = 25°C. Excessive humidity will degrade MTTF. 3. Total for both outputs. Current is 5 mA for each output. Note that the current bias affects the amplifier bandwidth. 4. With total output load capacitance of CL = 10 pF between the outputs and AC ground. Table 9. MAXIMUM VOLTAGE RATINGS BETWEEN PINS Description Minimum Maximum Unit RL, RR, H1S, H2S, H1BL, H2BL, H1BR, H2BR, H1BR, OGL, OGR to ESD 0 17 V −17 17 V 0 25 V Pin to Pin with ESD Protection VDDL, VDDR to GND Notes 1 1. Pins with ESD protection are: RL, RR, H1S, H2S, H1BL, H2BL, H1BR, H2BR, OGL, and OGR. Table 10. DC BIAS OPERATING CONDITIONS Symbol Min. Nom. Max. Unit Maximum DC Current Output Gate OG −3.0 −2.5 −2.0 V 1 mA Reset Drain RD 11.5 12.0 12.5 V 1 mA Output Amplifier Supply VDD 14.5 15.0 15.5 V 1 mA Ground GND 0.0 0.0 0.0 V Substrate SUB 8.0 VAB 17.0 V 2, 4 ESD Protection ESD −8.0 −7.0 −6.0 V 3 Output Amplifier Return VSS 0.0 0.7 1.0 V Description Notes 1 1. The operating value of the substrate voltage, VAB, will be marked on the shipping container for each device. The value VAB is set such that the photodiode charge capacity is 40,000 electrons. 2. VESD must be at least 1 V more negative than H1L, H2L and RL during sensors operation AND during camera power turn on. 3. One output, unloaded. 4. Refer to Application Note Using Interline CCD Image Sensors in High Intensity Visible Lighting Conditions. www.onsemi.com 20 KAI−2001 AC Operating Conditions Table 11. CLOCK LEVELS Description Symbol Min. Nom. Max. Unit V2H 7.5 8.0 8.5 V Vertical CCD Clocks Midlevel V1M, V2M −0.2 0.0 0.2 V Vertical CCD Clocks Low V1L, V2L −9.5 −9.0 −8.5 V Horizontal CCD Clocks Amplitude H1H, H2H 4.5 5.0 5.5 V Horizontal CCD Clocks Low H1L, H2L −5.0 −4.0 −3.8 V RH − 5.0 − V 1 Vertical CCD Clock High Reset Clock Amplitude Reset Clock Low Notes RL −4.0 −3.5 −3.0 V 2 VSHUTTER 44 48 52 V 3 Fast Dump High FDH 4.8 5.0 5.2 V Fast Dump Low FDL −9.5 −9.0 −8.0 V Electronic Shutter Voltage 1. Reset amplitude must be set to 7.0 V for 80,000 electrons output in summed interlaced or binning modes. 2. Reset low level must be set to –5.0 V for 80,000 electrons output in summed interlaced or binning modes. 3. Refer to Application Note Using Interline CCD Image Sensors in High Intensity Visible Lighting Conditions. Clock Line Capacitances V1 H1SL+H1BL 25 nF 66 pF 5 nF 20 pF V2 H2SL+H2BL 25 nF H1SR+H1BR 58 pF 66 pF GND 20 pF H2SR+H2BR 58 pF GND Reset SUB FD 10 pF GND 2 nF GND 21 pF GND Figure 18. Clock Line Capacitances www.onsemi.com 21 KAI−2001 TIMING Table 12. TIMING REQUIREMENTS Description Symbol Min. Nom. Max. Unit tHD 1.3 1.5 10.0 ms VCCD Transfer Time tVCCD 1.3 1.5 20.0 ms Photodiode Transfer Time HCCD Delay tV3rd 8.0 12.0 15.0 ms VCCD Pedestal Time t3P 20.0 25.0 50.0 ms VCCD Delay t3D 15.0 20.0 100.0 ms Reset Pulse Time tR 5.0 10.0 − ns Shutter Pulse Time tS 3.0 5.0 10.0 ms Shutter Pulse Delay tSD 1.0 1.6 10.0 ms HCCD Clock Period tH 25.0 50.0 200.0 ns VCCD Rise/Fall Time tVR 0.0 0.1 1.0 ms Fast Dump Gate Delay tFD 0.0 0.0 0.5 ms Vertical Clock Edge Alignment tVE 0.0 − 100.0 ns Timing Modes Progressive Scan Photodiode CCD Shift Register 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Output HCCD Figure 19. Progressive Scan Operation In progressive scan read out every pixel in the image sensor is read out simultaneously. Each charge packet is transferred from the photodiode to the neighboring vertical CCD shift register simultaneously. The maximum useful signal output is limited by the photodiode charge capacity to 40,000 electrons. www.onsemi.com 22 KAI−2001 Vertical Frame Timing Line Timing Repeat for 1214 Lines Figure 20. Progressive Scan Flow Chart www.onsemi.com 23 KAI−2001 Frame Timing Frame Timing without Binning − Progressive Scan V1 tL tV3rd tL V2 Line 1213 t3P Line 1214 t3D Line 1 H1 H2 Figure 21. Frame Timing without Binning Frame Timing for Vertical Binning by 2 − Progressive Scan V1 tL tV3rd tL 3 × tVCCD V2 t3P Line 606 t3D Line 1 Line 607 H1 H2 Figure 22. Frame Timing for Vertical Binning by 2 Frame Timing Edge Alignment V1M V1 V1L V2H V2M V2 tVE V2L Figure 23. Frame Timing Edge Alignment www.onsemi.com 24 KAI−2001 Line Timing Line Timing Single Output − Progressive Scan tL V1 tVCCD V2 tHD H1 H2 1642 1643 1644 824 825 1630 821 823 1629 820 1627 1628 819 1626 1625 24 23 22 21 19 20 7 6 5 4 3 1 Pixel Count 2 R Figure 24. Line Timing Single Output Line Timing Dual Output − Progressive Scan tL V1 tVCCD V2 tHD H1 H2 Figure 25. Line Timing Dual Output www.onsemi.com 25 822 818 817 816 24 23 22 21 19 20 7 6 5 4 3 1 Pixel Count 2 R KAI−2001 Line Timing Vertical Binning by 2 − Progressive Scan tL V1 3 × tVCCD V2 tHD H1 H2 Figure 26. Line Timing Vertical Binning by 2 Line Timing Detail − Progressive Scan V1 tVCCD V2 1/2 tH tHD H1 H2 R Figure 27. Line Timing Detail www.onsemi.com 26 1644 1642 1643 1630 1629 1628 1627 1626 1625 24 23 22 21 19 20 7 6 4 5 3 1 Pixel Count 2 R KAI−2001 Line Timing Binning by 2 Detail − Progressive Scan V1 V2 tVCCD 1/2 tH tVCCD tVCCD tHD H1 H2 R Figure 28. Line Timing Binning by 2 Detail Line Timing Edge Alignment tVCCD V1 V2 tVE tVE NOTE: Applies to all modes. Figure 29. Line Timing Edge Alignment www.onsemi.com 27 KAI−2001 Pixel Timing V1 V2 H1 H2 Pixel Count 1 2 3 5 4 19 20 21 R VOUT Dummy Pixels Light Shielded Pixels Photosensitive Pixels Figure 30. Pixel Timing Pixel Timing Detail tR RH R RL H1H H1 H1L H2H H2 H2L VOUT Figure 31. Pixel Timing Detail www.onsemi.com 28 KAI−2001 Fast Line Dump Timing fFD fV1 fV2 tFD tVCCD tFD tVCCD fH1 fH2 Figure 32. Fast Line Dump Timing www.onsemi.com 29 KAI−2001 Electronic Shutter Electronic Shutter Line Timing fV1 tVCCD fV2 tHD VSHUTTER tS VSUB tSD fH1 fH2 fR Figure 33. Electronic Shutter Line Timing Electronic Shutter − Integration Time Definition fV2 Integration Time VSHUTTER VSUB Figure 34. Integration Time Definition Electronic Shutter − DC and AC Bias Definition The figure below shows the DC bias (VSUB) and AC clock (VES) applied to the SUB pin. Both the DC bias and AC clock are referenced to ground. VSHUTTER SUB GND GND Figure 35. DC Bias and AC Clock Applied to the SUB Pin www.onsemi.com 30 KAI−2001 Large Signal Output Electronic Shutter Description The voltage on the substrate (SUB) determines the charge capacity of the photodiodes. When SUB is 8 V the photodiodes will be at their maximum charge capacity. Increasing VSUB above 8 V decreases the charge capacity of the photodiodes until 48 V when the photodiodes have a charge capacity of zero electrons. Therefore, a short pulse on SUB, with a peak amplitude greater than 48 V, empties all photodiodes and provides the electronic shuttering action. It may appear the optimal substrate voltage setting is 8 V to obtain the maximum charge capacity and dynamic range. While setting VSUB to 8 V will provide the maximum dynamic range, it will also provide the minimum anti-blooming protection. The KAI−2001 VCCD has a charge capacity of 55,000 electrons (55 ke−). If the SUB voltage is set such that the photodiode holds more than 55 ke−, then when the charge is transferred from a full photodiode to VCCD, the VCCD will overflow. This overflow condition manifests itself in the image by making bright spots appear elongated in the vertical direction. The size increase of a bright spot is called blooming when the spot doubles in size. The blooming can be eliminated by increasing the voltage on SUB to lower the charge capacity of the photodiode. This ensures the VCCD charge capacity is greater than the photodiode capacity. There are cases where an extremely bright spot will still cause blooming in the VCCD. Normally, when the photodiode is full, any additional electrons generated by photons will spill out of the photodiode. The excess electrons are drained harmlessly out to the substrate. There is a maximum rate at which the electrons can be drained to the substrate. If that maximum rate is exceeded, (for example, by a very bright light source) then it is possible for the total amount of charge in the photodiode to exceed the VCCD capacity. This results in blooming. The amount of anti-blooming protection also decreases when the integration time is decreased. There is a compromise between photodiode dynamic range (controlled by VSUB) and the amount of anti-blooming protection. A low VSUB voltage provides the maximum dynamic range and minimum (or no) anti-blooming protection. A high VSUB voltage provides lower dynamic range and maximum anti-blooming protection. The optimal setting of VSUB is written on the container in which each KAI−2001 is shipped. The given VSUB voltage for each sensor is selected to provide anti-blooming protection for bright spots at least 100 times saturation, while maintaining at least 40 ke− of dynamic range. The electronic shutter provides a method of precisely controlling the image exposure time without any mechanical components. If an integration time of tINT is desired, then the substrate voltage of the sensor is pulsed to at least 40 V tINT seconds before the photodiode to VCCD transfer pulse on V2. Use of the electronic shutter does not have to wait until the previously acquired image has been completely read out of the VCCD. When the image sensor is operated in the binned or summed interlaced modes there will be more than 40,000 electrons in the output signal. The image sensor is designed with a 16 mV/e charge to voltage conversion on the output. This means a full signal of 40,000 electrons will produce a 640 mV change on the output amplifier. The output amplifier was designed to handle an output swing of 640 mV at a pixel rate of 40 MHz. If 80,000 electron charge packets are generated in the binned or summed interlaced modes then the output amplifier output will have to swing 1,280 mV. The output amplifier does not have enough bandwidth (slew rate) to handle 1,280 mV at 40 MHz. Hence, the pixel rate will have to be reduced to 20 MHz if the full dynamic range of 80,000 electrons is desired. The charge handling capacity of the output amplifier is also set by the reset clock voltage levels. The reset clock driver circuit is very simple if an amplitude of 5 V is used. But the 5 V amplitude restricts the output amplifier charge capacity to 40,000 electrons. If the full dynamic range of 80,000 electrons is desired then the reset clock amplitude will have to be increased to 7 V. If you only want a maximum signal of 40,000 electrons in binned or summed interlaced modes, then a 40 MHz pixel rate with a 5 V reset clock may be used. The output of the amplifier will be unpredictable above 40,000 electrons so be sure to set the maximum input signal level of your analog to digital converter to the equivalent of 40,000 electrons (640 mV). www.onsemi.com 31 KAI−2001 STORAGE AND HANDLING Table 13. STORAGE CONDITIONS Description Symbol Minimum Maximum Unit Notes Storage Temperature TST −55 80 °C 1 Humidity RH 5 90 % 2 1. Long-term exposure toward the maximum temperature will accelerate color filter degradation. 2. T = 25°C. Excessive humidity will degrade MTTF. For information on ESD and cover glass care and cleanliness, please download the Image Sensor Handling and Best Practices Application Note (AN52561/D) from www.onsemi.com. For quality and reliability information, please download the Quality & Reliability Handbook (HBD851/D) from www.onsemi.com. For information on device numbering and ordering codes, please download the Device Nomenclature technical note (TND310/D) from www.onsemi.com. For information on environmental exposure, please download the Using Interline CCD Image Sensors in High Intensity Lighting Conditions Application Note (AND9183/D) from www.onsemi.com. For information on Standard terms and Conditions of Sale, please download Terms and Conditions from www.onsemi.com. For information on soldering recommendations, please download the Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference Manual (SOLDERRM/D) from www.onsemi.com. www.onsemi.com 32 KAI−2001 MECHANICAL DRAWINGS Completed Assembly Notes: 1. See Ordering Table for marking code. 2. Cover glass is manually placed and visually aligned over die − Location accuracy is not guaranteed. Dimensions Units: IN [MM] Tolerances: Unless otherwise specified Ceramic ±1% no less than 0.005″ L/F ±1% no more than 0.005″ Figure 36. Completed Assembly www.onsemi.com 33 KAI−2001 Die to Package Alignment Notes: 1. Center of image is offset from center of package by (0.00, 0.00) mm nominal. 2. Die is aligned within ±2 degree of any package cavity edge. Dimensions Units: IN [MM] Tolerances: Unless otherwise specified Ceramic ±1% no less than 0.005″ L/F ±1% no more than 0.005″ Figure 37. Die to Package Alignment www.onsemi.com 34 KAI−2001 Glass Notes: Double Sided AR Coated Glass 1. Materials: Substrate − Schott D236T eco or equivalent Epoxy: NCO−150HB Thickness: 0.002″−0.005″ 2. Dust, Scratch Count − 10 microns max. 3. Reflectance: 420−435 nm < 2% 435−630 nm < 0.8% 630−680 nm < 2% Clear Glass 1. 2. 3. 4. Materials: Substrate − Schott D236T eco or equivalent No Epoxy Dust, Scratch Count − 10 microns max. Reflectance: 420−435 nm < 10% 435−630 nm < 10% 630−680 nm < 10% Units: IN [MM] Tolerance: Unless otherwise specified ±1% no less than 0.005″ Figure 38. Glass Drawing www.onsemi.com 35 KAI−2001 Glass Transmission 100 90 Transmission (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 Clear 20 MAR 10 0 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 800 900 Wavelength (nm) Figure 39. Glass Transmission 100 90 Transmission (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 200 300 400 500 600 700 Wavelength (nm) Figure 40. Quartz Glass Transmission ON Semiconductor and the are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC) or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. SCILLC owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent−Marking.pdf. SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION LITERATURE FULFILLMENT: Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor 19521 E. 32nd Pkwy, Aurora, Colorado 80011 USA Phone: 303−675−2175 or 800−344−3860 Toll Free USA/Canada Fax: 303−675−2176 or 800−344−3867 Toll Free USA/Canada Email: [email protected] N. American Technical Support: 800−282−9855 Toll Free USA/Canada Europe, Middle East and Africa Technical Support: Phone: 421 33 790 2910 Japan Customer Focus Center Phone: 81−3−5817−1050 www.onsemi.com 36 ON Semiconductor Website: www.onsemi.com Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/orderlit For additional information, please contact your local Sales Representative KAI−2001/D