AN3918
Rev 0, 02/2010
Freescale Semiconductor
Application Note
High Pass Filtered Data and Transient
Detection Using the MMA8450Q
by: Kimberly Tuck
Applications Engineer
1.0
Introduction
The acceleration readings from the sensor couple both
static and dynamic accelerations. Many tilt based applications
such as orientation detection, scrolling and tilt based gaming
apps use the accelerometer analyzing the change in static
acceleration due to gravity only. These functions are often
best when they’ve been low pass filtered because the high
frequency data is considered noise. There are many functions
where the accelerometer must analyze the dynamic
acceleration. Functions such as taps, flicks, shakes and step
counting are based on the analysis of the change in the
acceleration with no regard for the static acceleration. These
functions interpret the acceleration threshold change and
direction of motion. It is simpler to interpret the dynamic
acceleration data when the static component has been
removed.
The MMA8450Q has a built in high pass filter. The output
data goes through the high pass filter, eliminating the offset
(DC) and low frequencies (well below the cut-off). The high
pass filter cut-off frequency can be set by the user to four
different frequencies which are dependent on the Output Data
Rate (ODR). A higher cut-off frequency ensures the DC data
or slower moving data will be filtered out, allowing only the
higher frequencies to pass. The MMA8450Q also contains an
embedded transient function which analyzes the high pass
filtered data allowing the user to set a preset threshold with an
added debounce counter to ensure the event happens for a
set duration. The threshold represents a change in
acceleration to be exceeded. This embedded function can be
routed to an interrupt pin.
1.1
Key Words
Accelerometer, Static Acceleration, Image Stabilization, High
Pass Filter, Transient, Delta Data, 3 Axis-Accelerometer,
Embedded Motion Detection, Embedded Transient Detection,
Vibration, Shake, Directional Shake, Displacement, Velocity,
Sensor, Interrupt, DBCNTM Bit
© Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2010. All rights reserved.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.1 Key Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.0 MMA8450Q Consumer 3-axis Accelerometer 3 x 3 x 1 mm . . . . . . . . .2
2.1 Key Features of the MMA8450Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2 Two (2) Programmable Interrupt Pins for 8 Interrupt Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3 Application Notes for the MMA8450Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.0 Comparison of Motion Detection and Transient Detection . . . . . . . . .3
3.1 Use Case 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2 Use Case 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.0 Transient Settings and Interpretation of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
4.1 High Pass Filter Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.0 Using the Delta Data to Write Algorithms such as Directional Shake
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
6.0 Configuring the Embedded Transient Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
Register 0x2B:TRANSIENT_CFG Transient Configuration Register . . . . . . . 9
Register 0x2D: TRANSIENT_THS Transient Threshold Register . . . . . . . . 10
Register 0x2E: TRANSIENT_COUNT Transient Debounce Register . . . . . 10
Register 0x2C:TRANSIENT_SRC Transient Source Register . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Configuring the Transient Detection to an Interrupt Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Reading the System Interrupt Status Source Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.0 Details for Configuring the MMA8450Q for Transient Detection . . . .12
7.1 Example Steps for Configuring Transient Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2
Summary
A. The high pass filter is used to eliminate the static acceleration reading the delta X, Y, Z data.
B. Different cut off frequencies from the high pass filter affect the output delta data.
C. The high pass filtered data is useful for writing algorithms which require an analysis of the change in acceleration
and simplifies the data analysis by eliminating the static acceleration.
D. The transient function is interrupt driven and saves on current consumption and unnecessary processing because
the logic is internal to the sensor.
E. An algorithm for directional shake can be reliably detected by analyzing the (high pass filter) delta data at 400 Hz
with the HPF cut off frequency set to 4 Hz.
F. The delta data can be used for image stability applications, compensating for the jitter of the user’s hands and/or
from the environment.
G. The transient function can be used to detect a change in acceleration that exceeds a set threshold. This is slightly
different than the motion detection function.
H. The latch will hold the EA bit until the status register is read to indicate an event is active, but the other bits in the
status register are never latched. The status must be read immediately to determine the condition of the axes when
an event occurs.
I. The transient threshold and debounce counter can be changed in either standby or active mode to allow for
adjustments after the part has transitioned from wake to sleep mode.
2.0
MMA8450Q Consumer 3-axis Accelerometer 3 x 3 x 1 mm
NC
VDD
16
15
14
1
NC
3
SCL
4
GND
5
16 Pin QFN
3mm x 3 mm x 1mm
13
GND
12
GND
11
INT1
10 GND
9
6
7
8
EN
2
SA0
NC
MMA8450Q
SDA
VDD
NC
The MMA8450Q has a selectable dynamic range of ±2g, ±4g and ±8g with sensitivities of 1024 counts/g, 512 counts/g and
256 counts/g respectively. The device offers either 8-bit or 12-bit XYZ output data for algorithm development. The chip shot and
pinout are shown in Figure 1.
INT2
Figure 1. MMA8450Q Consumer 3-axis Accelerometer 3 x 3 x 1 mm
2.1
Key Features of the MMA8450Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Shutdown Mode: Typical < 1 μA, Standby Mode 3 μA
Low Power Mode current consumption ranges from 27 μA (1.56 - 50 Hz) to 120 μA (400 Hz)
Normal Mode current consumption ranges from 42 μA (1.56 - 50 Hz) to 225 μA (400 Hz)
I2C digital output interface (operates up to 400 kHz Fast Mode)
12-bit and 8-bit data output, 8-bit high pass filtered data output
Post Board Mount Offset < ±50 mg typical
Self Test X, Y and Z axes
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2.2
Two (2) Programmable Interrupt Pins for 8 Interrupt Sources
1. Embedded 4 channels of Motion detection
a. Freefall or Motion detection: 2 channels
b. Tap detection: 1 channel
c. Transient detection: 1 channel
2. Embedded orientation (Portrait/Landscape) detection with hysteresis compensation
3. Embedded automatic ODR change for auto-wake-up and return-to-sleep
4. Embedded 32 sample FIFO
5. Data Ready Interrupt
2.3
Application Notes for the MMA8450Q
The following is a list of Freescale Application Notes written for the MMA8450Q:
• AN3915, Embedded Orientation Detection Using the MMA8450Q
• AN3916, Offset Calibration of the MMA8450Q
• AN3917, Motion and Freefall Detection Using the MMA8450Q
• AN3918, High Pass Filtered Data and Transient Detection Using the MMA8450Q
• AN3919, MMA8450Q Single/Double and Directional Tap Detection
• AN3920, Using the 32 Sample First In First Out (FIFO) in the MMA8450Q
• AN3921, Low Power Modes and Auto-Wake/Sleep Using the MMA8450Q
• AN3922, Data Manipulation and Basic Settings of the MMA8450Q
• AN3923, MMA8450Q Design Checklist and Board Mounting Guidelines
3.0
Comparison of Motion Detection and Transient Detection
The transient function is different from the motion detection embedded function in MMA8450Q. Refer to AN3917 for details on
the motion detection. The intended use of these functions is different.
A. The embedded motion function triggers an interrupt when any of the enabled axes has exceeded a set acceleration
threshold.
• Motion detection is useful when the device may be tilted in an orientation and the interest is to know if the
acceleration in one axis has crossed a specified threshold amount measured from 0g.The motion detection
analyzes change in threshold considering both static and dynamic acceleration.
B. The transient detection embedded function compares whether any of the enabled axes has exceeded a set change
in acceleration disregarding the static acceleration. The data that is compared to the threshold to be exceeded is
high pass filtered data.
• Transient detection is useful when the device may be tilted in an orientation (i.e., there is some non-zero reading
on one or more of X, Y and Z) and the interest is more on the dynamic acceleration crossing a specified threshold
amount in a short amount of time (frequency being the reciprocal of time) regardless of what the current value is.
Example
If a change in acceleration of 0.5g in any axes was the target for an application, then it would be challenging to use the embedded motion detection function for detecting this change. The reason for this can be better understood with an example: Assume that the device was oriented such that X = 0.24g, Y = 0.44g and Z = 0.82g; it would be challenging to detect a 0.5g change
in acceleration in any of the axes using the motion detect function since the new readings have to be outside the range X = -0.34g
to 0.74g, Y = -0.04g to 0.94g and Z = 0.3g to 1.32g. Because only a single threshold setting can be chosen for each axes when
using the motion detect embedded function and because of the need to detect acceleration outside a range, it would, therefore,
be seen as impossible to choose a threshold that would detect a 0.5 change in acceleration for any of the axes.
3.1
Use Case 1
Use Case 1 Transient: Unknown Orientation with Specific Acceleration Change for Detection
A use case example for transient detection may be when the device containing the accelerometer is in an environment of an
unknown orientation or changing orientation and a small amplitude, but quick disturbance must be detected, e.g., when the device is accelerating through 0g to +1g to -1g and a subtle impact force (change in acceleration of 0.5g) is used as an indication
to wake the device or as a motion signature of an event. The accelerometer reading combines the gravity and the linear acceleration reading. It is much simpler to decouple the two by eliminating the effect of gravity. Using the example above, assume that
the device was oriented such that at given time T, X = 0.24g, Y = 0.44g and Z = 0.82g. If transient detection is enabled on all
3 axes with a threshold of 0.5g and an ODR of 100 Hz, any time that X goes outside of the range -0.34g to 0.74g within T + 10 ms,
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a transient detect interrupt would be generated. Eliminating the static acceleration on the device simplifies the condition to focus
on the change in acceleration only, since the orientation is of no consequence in this situation. Figure 2 demonstrates that the
sensor detects both the static and the dynamic acceleration. Decoupling the static from the dynamic acceleration can simplify the
analysis.
Δ
Δ
DC
Δ
Figure 2. Device in an Unknown Orientation While Detecting Change in Acceleration
3.2
Use Case 2
Use Case 2: Image Stabilization
Another use case example for using data processed by the high pass filter is for users viewing their PDA while in a car/bus or
on a train to provide image stabilization in a shaky environment. Small motions/vibrations can be compensated for with the
change in X, Y and Z movement through a stabilization routine, while a large change in motion could change the mode of the
device.
As shown in Figure 3, an image on a PDA that appears to be shaking can dynamically be compensated by shifting the screen
content in the opposite direction of the shake. The data must first be filtered to eliminate the gravity component to analyze the
change in acceleration of the axes. A mass spring damper model is a reasonable way to analyze the system to reduce display
shaking since the spring allows the mass to move in the opposite direction of the shake and dampers would prevent oscillation
of the mass. This type of model only requires the acceleration to compensate for the shaking. The parameters of the model can
be tuned based on the amplitudes and frequency of the oscillations in the environment since different environments may affect
the usability of the stabilization capabilities. For more information on this type of image stabilization technique there have been
various publications written for example, Rahmati et al1.
ΔY
?
y
ΔX
?x
Screen
Image
Figure 3. PDA Image Stabilization in a Train, Bus, Car, or Vibrating Environment
1. A. Rahmati, C. Shepard, L. Zhong, "NoShake: Content Stabilization for Shaking Screens of Mobile Devices", in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Pervasive
Computing and Communication (PerCom), March 2009.
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4.0
Transient Settings and Interpretation of the Data
Figure 4 is a display of the 8-bit delta data (high pass filtered data registers 0xC-0x0E) in 8g mode. The high pass filter is set
to 4 Hz with the sampling rate at 400 Hz. The delta data is 8-bit data, and therefore the sensitivity in 8g mode is 16LSB/g. The
embedded block is set to detect when the delta data exceeds 0.5g. This shows that the device can be vibrating, or bouncing at
a low acceleration level and the event will not be detected until the change in acceleration exceeds 0.5g.
Figure 4. Delta Data in the Embedded Transient Function with Threshold ±0.5g
4.1
High Pass Filter Values
The high pass filter values available scale with the output data rate in the MMA8450Q. Table 1 and Table 2, list the output high
pass filter register where the cut off frequency values are stored for every corresponding data rate. FC in the table header refers
to the cut-off frequency on the high pass filter.
Table 1. High Pass Filter Register 0x17 (Read/Write)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SEL1
SEL0
FC (Hz) @
ODR = 50 Hz
FC (Hz) @
ODR = 12.5 Hz
Table 2. HP_FILTER_CUTOFF Setting Options
SEL1
SEL0
FC @
ODR = 400 Hz
FC (Hz) @
ODR = 200 Hz
FC (Hz) @
ODR = 100 Hz
FC (Hz) @
ODR = 1.563 Hz
0
0
4
2
1
0.5
0.125
0.01
0
1
2
1
0.5
0.25
0.063
0.007
1
0
1
0.5
0.25
0.125
0.031
0.004
1
1
0.5
0.25
0.125
0.062
0.016
0.002
Figure 5 shows a 0.8 Hz -1.5 Hz Z-axis only motion at 400 Hz ODR with the filter set at 4 Hz. Much of the motion at 1 Hz is
filtered out and the accelerometer reading remains between 0 to -1 counts.
Figure 5. 4 Hz High Pass Filtered Transient Data with approximately 1 Hz Motion
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Figure 6 shows a controlled Z-axis motion of 0.8 - 1.2 Hz frequency with 50 Hz ODR with the high pass filter set at 0.063 Hz.
Now the motion of the Z-axis matches very closely with the true motion since the high pass filter cut off is extremely low. The
static acceleration data is filtered out centering the delta data at 0 counts. Note the Z-axis motion matches very closely to the XYZ
unfiltered output shown in Figure 7.
Figure 6. 0.063 Hz High Pass Filtered Transient Data with Approximately 1 Hz Motion
Figure 7 shows 1 Hz of motion, 50 Hz ODR with no high pass filter, with fairly controlled Z-axis only motion. The part is held
in the X = 0g, Y = g, Z = -1g configuration since the Z-axis is bouncing with the center around -16 counts (16 counts/g), while X
and Y are close to 0 counts.
Figure 7. XYZ Output Data with no High Pass Filter Showing Approximately 1 Hz Motion
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5.0
Using the Delta Data to Write Algorithms such as Directional Shake
Refer to Figure 8, “Directional Shake Showing Position, Velocity, Acceleration”. The delta data can be used to write algorithms
such as for directional shake. This application could be used in a motion based game on a cell phone for detecting the direction
of the motion. Directional shake is an application that requires a change in acceleration with the direction of the acceleration
change indicated by the initial change sign, followed by a “rebound”, which is a change in acceleration in the opposite direction.
This occurs because the proof mass moves in the opposite direction of the package. Therefore as the hand accelerates in the
positive direction, the proof mass accelerates in the negative direction. Next, as the hand decelerates and stops
(Velocity = 0), the proof mass accelerates in the opposite (positive) direction. By analyzing the output acceleration from the directional shake signature, one can use the delta data to write a very simple algorithm.
Figure 8. Directional Shake Showing Position, Velocity, Acceleration
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Figure 9 shows the Z-axis while shaking in the downward direction. The device was shaken 8 times, consecutively, in the direction of gravity. Note that the deceleration was followed by a larger positive acceleration each time. This is very repeatable.
Repeatability of a motion with distinct characteristics is another important factor that can be leveraged while writing an algorithm
to detect a condition such as directional shake. This algorithm would look for a change in acceleration above a threshold. Next,
it would check the sign of the acceleration, followed by another change in acceleration above a threshold of opposite sign. The
algorithm would have to choose appropriate thresholds based on sensor placement and based on how the user is expected to
flick the device. Sometimes these algorithms require a bit of usability testing under various conditions with different users to analyze the range of thresholds, and the timing required.
Figure 9. Z-Axis Directional Shake with Downward Motion
The graph in Figure 10 shows the accelerometer shaken upward producing the opposite results of the graph in Figure 9. Acceleration initially increases (positive) and then rebounds with a larger negative acceleration each time. Directional shake has a
very distinct signature which is very repeatable. This is an ideal application using the transient data that is obtained from the accelerometer.
Figure 10. Z-Axis Directional Shake with Upward Motion
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As seen in Figure 11, the same applies in the X and Y direction. Below are the graphed results of a shake on the Y-axis in the
positive direction. In this case the Y-axis is at zero g’s to start and then is accelerated toward the positive direction. This produces
similar results to the Z-axis, with a negative initial acceleration followed by positive rebound acceleration.
Figure 11. Y-Axis Positive Directional Shake Acceleration Output
The high pass filtered XYZ data is available by reading out registers 0x0B-0x0E. Register 0x0B is the status register and Registers 0x0C, 0x0D and 0x0E are the X, Y and Z Output data registers.
6.0
Configuring the Embedded Transient Detection
There are four (4) registers associated with the embedded transient detection function. These are registers 0x2B to 0x2E.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Register 0x2B Transient_CFG - Transient Configuration
Register 0x2D Transient_THS - Setting the Threshold
Register 0x2E Transient_COUNT - Setting the Debounce Counter
Register 0x2C Transient_SRC - Transient Source Detection
This embedded function is used to detect a change in acceleration greater than a set threshold for a determined period of time.
The function can be routed to one of the two interrupt pins on the accelerometer.
6.1
Register 0x2B:TRANSIENT_CFG Transient Configuration Register
The transient detection mechanism can be configured to raise an interrupt when the magnitude of the high pass filtered acceleration is greater than the set threshold. The TRANSIENT_CFG register is used to enable the transient interrupt generation
mechanism for the 3 axes (X, Y, Z) of acceleration. The transient configuration register and descriptions are shown below in
Table 3.
Table 3. Register 0x2B TRANSIENT_ CFG Register (Read/Write) and Description
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
—
—
—
—
ELE
ZTEFE
YTEFE
XTEFE
Note that if ELE = 1, the latch is enabled and the “EA”, bit 3 in register 0x2C will remain asserted if an event occurs until the
status register (0x2C) is read. The other flags in the status register (0x2C) do not latch. Therefore the register must be read immediately upon the assertion of the interrupt to determine the axis asserted.
Example: X or Y > 6g with Latch for EA bit enabled for time period of 60 ms at 50 Hz ODR
Code Example: IIC_RegWrite(0x2B, 0x0B); //This enables the X-axis and the Z-axis only with the Latch
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6.2
Register 0x2D: TRANSIENT_THS Transient Threshold Register
The TRANSIENT_THS register shown in Table 4 sets the threshold limit for the detection of the transient acceleration. The
value in the TRANSIENT_THS register corresponds to a g value which is compared against the values of OUT_X_DELTA,
OUT_Y_DELTA, and OUT_Z_DELTA. If the high pass filtered acceleration exceeds the threshold limit, an event flag is raised
and an interrupt is generated assuming the interrupts have been configured and enabled.
Table 4. Register 0x2D TRANSIENT_THS Register (Read/Write) and Description
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
DBCNTM
THS6
THS5
THS4
THS3
THS2
THS1
THS0
The threshold THS[6:0] is a 7-bit unsigned number. The minimum threshold resolution is dependent on the selected acceleration g range and the threshold register has a range of 0 to 127counts.
Therefore:
• If the selected acceleration g range is 8g mode (FS = 11), the minimum threshold resolution is 0.063g/LSB. The
maximum threshold is 8g.
• If the selected acceleration g range is 4g mode (FS = 10), the minimum threshold resolution is 0.0315g/LSB. The
maximum threshold is 4g.
• If the selected acceleration g range is 2g mode (FS = 01), the minimum threshold resolution is 0.01575g/LSB.
The maximum threshold is 2g.
Example: X or Y > 6g with Latch for EA bit enabled for time period of 60 ms at 50 Hz ODR
For 6g the device must be in 8g mode to accommodate the threshold. Therefore the minimum time step is 0.063g per LSB.
6g/ 0.063g = 95.2 counts, round to 96 counts
Code Example: IIC_RegWrite(0x2D, 0x60); // Threshold set to 96 counts (6.048g)
6.3
Register 0x2E: TRANSIENT_COUNT Transient Debounce Register
The TRANSIENT_COUNT shown in Table 5 sets the number of debounce counts (timing) required for the condition to persist.
Table 5. Register 0x2E TRANSIENT_COUNT Register (Read/Write) and Description
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
The time step for the debounce counter is set by the value of the system ODR as shown in Table 6.
Table 6. TRANSIENT_COUNT Relationship with the ODR
Output Data Rate (Hz)
Step
Duration Range
400
2.5 ms
2.5 ms – 0.637s
200
5 ms
5 ms – 1.275s
100
10 ms
10 ms – 2.55s
50
20 ms
20 ms – 5.1s
12.5
80 ms
80 ms – 20.4s
1.56
640 ms
640 ms – 163s
Example: X or Y > 6g with Latch for EA bit enabled for time period of 60 ms at 50 Hz ODR
60 ms total time/ 20 ms (at 50 Hz) = 3 counts
Code Example: IIC_RegWrite(0x2E, 0x03);
6.4
Register 0x2C:TRANSIENT_SRC Transient Source Register
The transient event source flag register shown in Table 7 contains bit fields which can be used to determine which event has
occurred when a bit is set. Reading this register will clear the “EA” bit if the latch has been enabled (ELE bit) in register 0x2B.
This register should be read immediately after the event is detected to determine if the event occurred on the X, Y or Z-axis. If
only the X and Z axes are enabled then the event can never show up on the Y-axis.
Table 7. Register 0x2C TRANSIENT_SRC Register (Read Only) and Description
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
-
-
-
-
EA
ZTRANSE
YTRANSE
XTRANSE
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6.5
Configuring the Transient Detection to an Interrupt Pin
In order to set up the system to route to a hardware interrupt pin, the System Interrupt (bit 5 in Reg 0x3B) must be enabled in
Table 8. The MMA8450Q allows for eight (8) separate types of interrupts. One (1) of these is reserved for transient detection. To
configure the Transient function, the following two step procedure should be followed.
Step 1: Enable the Interrupt in Register 0x3B shown in Table 8.
Table 8. Register 0x3B CTRL_REG4 Register (Read/Write)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
INT_EN_ASLP
INT_EN_FIFO
INT_EN_TRANS
INT_EN_LNDPRT
INT_EN_PULSE
Bit 2
Bit 1
INT_EN_FF_MT_1 INT_EN_FF_MT_2
Bit 0
INT_EN_DRDY
The corresponding interrupt enable bit allows the function to route its event detection flag to the interrupt controller of the system. The interrupt controller routes the enabled function to the INT1 or INT2 pin.
To enable the Transient function, set bit 5 in register 0x3B as follows:
Code Example: IIC_RegWrite(0x3B, 0x20);
Step 2: Route the interrupt to INT1 or to INT2 shown in Table 9.
Table 9. 0x3C CTRL_REG5 Register (Read/Write) and Description
Bit 7
Bit 6
INT_CFG_ASLP
INT_CFG_FIFO
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INT_CFG_TRANS INT_CFG_LNDPRT INT_CFG_PULSE INT_CFG_FF_MT_1 INT_CFG_FF_MT_2 INT_CFG_DRDY
To set the Transient function to INT 1, set bit 5 in register 0x3C.
Code Example: IIC_RegWrite(0x3C,0x20);
6.6
Reading the System Interrupt Status Source Register
In the interrupt source register shown in Table 10, the status of the various embedded functions can be determined.
• The bits that are set (logic ‘1’) indicate which function has asserted an interrupt.
• Conversely, the bits that are cleared (logic ‘0’) indicate which function has not asserted or has de-asserted an
interrupt.
The interrupts are rising edge sensitive. The bits are set by a low to high transition and are cleared by reading the appropriate
interrupt source register.
Table 10. 0x15 INT_SOURCE: System Interrupt Status Register (Read Only)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
SRC_ASLP
SRC_FIFO
SRC_TRANS
SRC_LNDPRT
SRC_PULSE
Bit 2
Bit 1
SRC_FF_MT_1 SRC_FF_MT_2
Bit 0
SRC_DRDY
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7.0
Details for Configuring the MMA8450Q for Transient Detection
The registers of importance for configuring the MMA8450Q for transient detection are listed below in Table 11.
Table 11. Registers of Importance for Setting up the Transient Detection and Using the HPF
Reg
Name
Definition
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0B
STATUS
Data Status
R
ZYXOW
ZOW
YOW
XOW
ZYXDR
ZDR
YDR
XDR
0C
OUT_X_DELTA
8 bit Transient X
Data R
XD7
XD6
XD5
XD4
XD3
XD2
XD1
XD0
0D
OUT_Y_DELTA
8 bit Transient Y
Data R
YD7
YD6
YD5
YD4
YD3
YD2
YD1
YD0
0E
OUT_Z_DELTA
8 bit Transient Z
Data R
ZD7
ZD6
ZD5
ZD4
ZD3
ZD2
ZD1
ZD0
15
INT_SOURCE
Interrupt Status
SRC_ASLP
SRC_FIFO
SRC_TRANS
SRC_LNDPRT
SRC_PULSE
SRC_FF_MT_1
SRC_FF_MT_2
SRC_DRDY
17
HP_FILTER_CUTOFF
HP Filter Setting
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
SEL1
SEL0
2B
TRANSIENT_CFG
Transient Config
R/W
-
-
-
-
ELE
ZTEFE
YTEFE
XTEFE
2C
TRANSIENT_SRC
Transient Source R
-
-
-
-
EA
ZTRANSE
YTRANSE
XTRANSE
2D
TRANSIENT_THS
Transient Threshold
R/W
DBCNTM
THS6
THS5
THS4
THS3
THS2
THS1
THS0
2E
TRANSIENT_COUNT
Transient Debounce
R/W
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
3B
CTRL_REG4
Control Reg4 R/W
(Interrupt Enable
Map)
INT_EN _LNDPRT
INT_EN _PULSE
INT_EN _FF_MT_1
7.1
INT_EN _ASLP INT_EN _FIFO INT_EN _TRANS
INT_EN _FF_MT_2 INT_EN_DRDY
Example Steps for Configuring Transient Detection
Change in X or Y > 0.5g for 50 ms at 100 Hz ODR, in 2g mode
Step 1: Put the device in Standby Mode: Register 0x38 CtrlReg1
IIC_RegWrite(0x38, 0x08); //Set device in 100 Hz ODR, Standby
Step 2: Enable X and Y Axes and enable the latch: Register 0x2B Configuration Register
IIC_RegWrite (0x2B, 0x0B); Enable Latch, Enable X and Enable Y
Step 3: Set the Threshold: Register 0x2D
Note: 2g mode therefore resolution is 15.75mg per count.
• 0.5g / 0.01575g = 31.75. Therefore set the threshold to 32 counts
IIC_RegWrite(0x2D, 0x20);
Step 4: Set the Debounce Counter for 50 ms: Register 0x2E
Note: 100 Hz ODR, therefore 10 ms step sizes
IIC_RegWrite(0X2E, 0x05);
Step 5: Enable Transient Detection Interrupt in the System (Ctrl Reg4)
IIC_RegWrite(0x3B, 0x20);
Step 6: Route the Transient Interrupt to INT 1 hardware pin (Ctrl Reg5)
IIC_RegWrite(0x3C, 0x20);
Step 7: Put the device in 2g Active Mode: Register 0x38 Ctrl Reg1
IIC_RegWrite(0x38, 0x09); //ODR at 100 Hz, 2g Mode
Step 8: Write Interrupt Service Routine Reading the System Interrupt Status and the Transient Status
AN3918
12
Sensors
Freescale Semiconductor
Interrupt void isr_KBI (void)
{
//clear the interrupt flag
CLEAR_KBI_INTERRUPT;
//Determine source of interrupt by reading the system interrupt register
Int_SourceSystem = IIC_RegRead(0x15);
// Set up Case statement here to service all of the possible interrupts
if ((Int_SourceSystem&0x20)==0x20)
{
//Perform an Action since Transient Flag has been set
//Read the Transient to clear system interrupt and Transient
Int_SourceTrans = IIC_RegRead(0x2C);
//Can parse out the data to perform a specific action based on the
//axes that made the condition true
}
}
AN3918
Sensors
Freescale Semiconductor
13
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AN3918
Rev. 0
02/2010