a FEATURES Dual Matched PNP Transistor Low Offset Voltage: 100 V Max Low Noise: 1 nV/√Hz @ 1 kHz Max High Gain: 100 Min High Gain Bandwidth: 190 MHz Typ Tight Gain Matching: 3% Max Excellent Logarithmic Conformance: r BE ⯝ 0.3 ⍀ typ GENERAL DESCRIPTION The MAT03 dual monolithic PNP transistor offers excellent parametric matching and high frequency performance. Low noise characteristics (1 nV/√Hz max @ 1 kHz), high bandwidth (190 MHz typical), and low offset voltage (100 µV max), makes the MAT03 an excellent choice for demanding preamplifier applications. Tight current gain matching (3% max mismatch) and high current gain (100 min), over a wide range of collector current, makes the MAT03 an excellent choice for current mirrors. A low value of bulk resistance (typically 0.3 Ω) also makes the MAT03 an ideal component for applications requiring accurate logarithmic conformance. Low Noise, Matched Dual PNP Transistor MAT03 PIN CONNECTION TO-78 (H Suffix) Each transistor is individually tested to data sheet specifications. Device performance is guaranteed at 25°C and over the extended industrial and military temperature ranges. To ensure the longterm stability of the matching parameters, internal protection diodes across the base-emitter junction clamp any reverse baseemitter junction potential. This prevents a base-emitter breakdown condition that can result in degradation of gain and matching performance due to excessive breakdown current. REV. C Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 2002 MAT03–SPECIFICATIONS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (@ TA = 25ⴗC, unless otherwise noted.) Parameter Symbol Conditions Current Gain1 hFE VCB = 0 V, –36 V IC = 1 mA IC = 100 µA IC = 10 µA IC = 100 µA,VCB = 0 V VCB = 0 V, IC = 100 µA IC = 100 µA VCB1 = 0 V VCB2 = –36 V VCB = 0 V IC1 = 10 µA, IC2 = 1 mA VCB = 0 V 10 µA ≤ IC ≤ 1 mA IC = 100 µA, VCB = 0 V Current Gain Matching2 Offset Voltage3 Offset Voltage Change vs. Collector Voltage DhFE VOS ∆VOS/∆VCB Offset Voltage Change vs. Collector Current Bulk Resistance ∆VOS/∆IC Offset Current Collector-Base Leakage Current Noise Voltage Density4 IOS Collector Saturation Voltage rBE ICB0 eN VCE(SAT) Min 100 90 80 MAT03E Typ Max 165 150 120 0.5 40 Min 80 70 60 MAT03F Typ Max Unit 3 100 165 150 120 0.5 40 6 200 % µV 11 11 12 12 0.3 0.3 6 150 150 50 50 0.75 0.75 35 11 11 12 12 0.3 0.3 6 200 200 75 75 0.75 0.75 45 µV µV µV µV Ω Ω nA VCB = –36 V = VMAX IC = 1 mA, VCB = 0 fO = 10 Hz fO = 100 Hz fO = 1 kHz fO = 10 kHz 50 200 50 400 pA 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 nV/÷ Hz nV/÷ Hz nV/÷ Hz nV/÷ Hz IC = 1 mA, IB = 100 µA 0.025 0.1 0.025 0.1 V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (@ –40ⴗC ≤ T ≤ 85ⴗC, unless otherwise noted.) A Parameter Symbol Conditions Current Gain hFE VCB = 0 V, –36 V IC = 1 mA IC = 100 µA IC = 10 µA IC = 100 µA, VCB = 0 V IC = 100 µA, VCB = 0 V IC = 100 µA, VCB = 0 V Offset Voltage Offset Voltage Drift5 Offset Current Breakdown Voltage VOS TCVOS IOS BVCEO MAT03E Min Typ Max MAT03F Min Typ Max 70 60 50 60 50 40 120 105 90 30 135 0.3 0.5 10 85 36 120 105 90 30 265 0.3 1.0 10 200 36 Unit µV µV/°C nA V NOTES 1 Current gain is measured at collector-base voltages (V CB) swept from 0 to V MAX at indicated collector current. Typicals are measured at V CB = 0 V. 2Current gain matching (∆hFE) is defined as: ∆hFE = 100 ( ∆I B ) hFE (min ) . IC 3Offset voltage is defined as: V OS = VBE1 – VBE2, where VOS is the differential voltage for I C1 = IC2: VOS = VBE1 – VBE2 = KT q In I C1 I . C2 4 Sample tested. Noise tested and specified as equivalent input voltage for each transistor. Guaranteed by VOS test (TCVOS = VOS/T for VOS VBE) where T = 298°K for TA = 25°C. Specifications subject to change without notice. 5 –2– REV. C MAT03 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 1 ORDERING GUIDE Model VOS max Temperature (TA = +25ⴗC) Range Package Option MAT03EH MAT03FH 100 µV 200 µV TO-78 TO-78 –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C Collector-Base Voltage (BVCBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 V Collector-Emitter Voltage (BVCEO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 V Collector-Collector Voltage (BVCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 V Emitter-Emitter Voltage (BVEE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 V Collector Current (IC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 mA Emitter Current (IE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 mA Total Power Dissipation Ambient Temperature ≤ 70°C2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 mW Operating Temperature Range MAT03E/F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +85°C Operating Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . –55°C to +150°C Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 60 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300°C Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C NOTES 1 Absolute maximum ratings apply to both DICE and packaged devices. 2 Rating applies to TO-78 not using a heat sink and LCC; devices in free air only. For TO-78, derate linearly at 6.3 mW/°C above 70°C ambient temperature; for LCC, derate at 7.8 mW/°C. CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the MAT03 features propriety ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. REV. C –3– WARNING! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE MAT03 –Typical Performance Characteristics TPC 1. Current Gain vs. Collector Current TPC 4. Base-Emitter Voltage vs. Collector Current TPC 2. Current Gain vs. Temperature TPC 5. Small-Signal Input Resistance (hie) vs. Collector Current –4– TPC 3. Gain Bandwidth vs. Collector Current TPC 6. Small Signal Output Conductance (hoe) vs. Collector Current REV. C MAT03 TPC 7. Saturation Voltage vs. Collector Current TPC 8. Noise Voltage Density vs. Frequency TPC 10. Total Noise vs. Collector Current REV. C TPC 9. Noise Voltage Density TPC 11. Collector-Base Capacitance vs. VCB –5– MAT03 Figure 1. SPICE or SABER Model APPLICATIONS INFORMATION MAT03 MODELS MAT03 NOISE MEASUREMENT All resistive components (Johnson noise, en2 = 4kTBR, or e n = 0.13√R nV/√Hz, where R is in kΩ) and semiconductor junctions (shot noise, caused by current flowing through a junction, produces voltage noise in series impedances such as transistor-collector load resistors, In = 0.566 √I pA/√Hz where I is in µA) contribute to the system input noise. The MAT03 model (Figure 1) includes parasitic diodes D3 through D6. D1 and D2 are internal protection diodes that prevent zenering of the base-emitter junctions. The analysis programs, SPICE and SABER, are primarily used in evaluating the functional performance of systems. The models are provided only as an aid in using these simulation programs. Figure 2 illustrates a technique for measuring the equivalent input noise voltage of the MAT03. 1 mA of stage current is used Figure 2. MAT03 Voltage Noise Measurement Circuit –6– REV. C MAT03 to bias each side of the differential pair. The 5 kΩ collector resistors noise contribution is insignificant compared to the voltage noise of the MAT03. Since noise in the signal path is referred back to the input, this voltage noise is attenuated by the gain of the circuit. Consequently, the noise contribution of the collector load resistors is only 0.048 nV/√Hz. This is considerably less than the typical 0.8 nV/√Hz input noise voltage of the MAT03 transistor. The noise contribution of the OP27 gain stages is also negligible due to the gain in the signal path. The op amp stages amplify the input referred noise of the transistors to increase the signal strength to allow the noise spectral density (ein × 10000) to be measured with a spectrum analyzer. Since we assume equal noise contributions from each transistor in the MAT03, the output is divided by √2 to determine a single transistor’s input noise. Air currents cause small temperature changes that can appear as low frequency noise. To eliminate this noise source, the mea- surement circuit must be thermally isolated. Effects of extraneous noise sources must also be eliminated by totally shielding the circuit. SUPER LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER The circuit in Figure 3a is a super low noise amplifier with equivalent input voltage noise of 0.32 nV/√Hz. By paralleling three MAT03 matched pairs, a further reduction of amplifier noise is attained by a reduction of the base spreading resistance by a factor of 3, and consequently the noise by √3. Additionally, the shot noise contribution is reduced by maintaining a high collector current (2 mA/device) which reduces the dynamic emitter resistance and decreases voltage noise. The voltage noise is inversely proportional to the square root of the stage current, and current noise increases proportionally to the square root of the stage current. Accordingly, this amplifier capitalizes on voltage noise reduction techniques at the expense of increasing the current noise. However, high current noise is not usually important when dealing with low impedance sources. Figure 3a. Super Low Noise Amplifier REV. C –7– MAT03 This amplifier exhibits excellent full power ac performance, 0.08% THD into a 600 Ω load, making it suitable for exacting audio applications (see Figure 3b). and the VBE of a silicon transistor is predictable and constant (to a few percent) over a wide temperature range. The voltage difference, approximately 1 V, is dropped across the 250 Ω resistor which produces a temperature stabilized emitter current. CURRENT SOURCES A fundamental requirement for accurate current mirrors and active load stages is matched transistor components. Due to the excellent VBE matching (the voltage difference between VBEs required to equalize collector current) and gain matching, the MAT03 can be used to implement a variety of standard current mirrors that can source current into a load such as an amplifier stage. The advantages of current loads in amplifiers versus resistors is an increase of voltage gain due to higher impedances, larger signal range, and in many applications a wider signal bandwidth. Figure 5 illustrates a cascode current mirror consisting of two MAT03 transistor pairs. The cascode current source has a common base transistor in series with the output which causes an increase in output impedance of the current source since VCE stays relatively constant. High frequency characteristics are improved due to a reduction of Miller capacitance. The small-signal output impedance can be determined by consulting “hOF vs. Collector Current” typical graph. Typical output impedance levels approach the performance of a perfect current source. Figure 3b. Super Low Noise Amplifier—Total Harmonic Distortion LOW NOISE MICROPHONE PREAMPLIFIER Figure 4 shows a microphone preamplifier that consists of a MAT03 and a low noise op amp. The input stage operates at a relatively high quiescent current of 2 mA per side, which reduces the MAT03 transistor’s voltage noise. The 1/ƒ corner is less than 1 Hz. Total harmonic distortion is under 0.005% for a 10 V p-p signal from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. The preamp gain is 100, but can be modified by varying R5 or R6 (VOUT/VIN = R5/R6 + 1). Considering a typical collector current of 100 µA, we have: 1 roQ3 = 1.0 µMHOS = 1 MΩ A total input stage emitter current of 4 mA is provided by Q2. The constant current in Q2 is set by using the forward voltage of a GaAsP LED as a reference. The difference between this voltage Figure 4. Low Noise Microphone Preamplifier –8– REV. C MAT03 Q2 and Q3 are in series and operate at the same current levels so the total output impedance is: RO = hFE roQ3 @ (160)(1 MΩ) = 160 MΩ. Since Q2 buffers Q3, both transistors in the MAT03, Q1 and Q3, maintain the same collector current. D2 and D3 form a Baker clamp which prevents Q2 from turning off, thereby improving the switching speed of the current mirror. The feedback serves to increase the output impedance and improves accuracy by reducing the base-width modulation which occurs with varying collector-emitter voltages. Accuracy and linearity performance of the current pump is summarized in Figure 8. Figure 5. Cascode Current Source Figure 6a. Current Matching Circuit CURRENT MATCHING The objective of current source or mirror design is generation of currents that are either matched or must maintain a constant ratio. However, mismatch of base emitter voltages cause output current errors. Consider the example of Figure 5. If the resistors and transistors are equal and the collector voltages are the same, the collector currents will match precisely. Investigating the current matching errors resulting from a nonzero VOS, we define ∆IC as the current error between the two transistors. Graph 6b describes the relationship of current matching errors versus offset voltage for a specified average current IC. Note that since the relative error between the currents is exponentially proportional to the offset voltage, tight matching is required to design high accuracy current sources. For example, if the offset voltage is 5 mV at 100 µA collector current, the current matching error would be 20%. Additionally, temperature effects such as offset drift (3 µV/°C per mV of VOS) will degrade performance if Q1 and Q2 are not well matched. Figure 6b. Current Matching Accuracy % vs. Offset Voltage DIGITALLY PROGRAMMABLE BIPOLAR CURRENT PUMP The circuit of Figure 7 is a digitally programmable current pump. The current pump incorporates a DAC08, and a fast Wilson current source using the MAT03. Examining Figure 7, the DAC08 is set for 2 mA full-scale range so that bipolar current operation of ± 2 mA is achieved. The Wilson current mirror maintains linearity within the LSB range of the 8-bit DAC08 (± 2 mA/256 = 15.6 µA resolution) as seen in Figure 8. A negative feedback path established by Q2 regulates the collector current so that it matches the reference current programmed by the DAC08. Collector-emitter voltages across both Q1 and Q3 are matched by D1, with Q3’s collector-emitter voltage remaining constant, independent of the voltage across the current source output. Figure 7. Digitally Programmable Bipolar Current Pump REV. C –9– MAT03 The full-scale output of the DAC08, IOUT, is a linear function of IREF IFR = 256 256 256 × IREF, and IOUT + IOUT = IREF 256 The current mirror output is IOUT – IOUT = 1, so that if IREF = 2 mA: I = 2 IOUT – 1.992 mA Input Code = 2 256 (2 mA) – 1.992 mA. DIGITAL CURRENT PUMP CODING Figure 8. Digitally Programmable Current Pump—INL Error as Digital Code FULL RANGE HALF RANGE ZERO SCALE –10– Digital Input B1 . . . B8 Output Current 1111 1111 1000 0000 0000 0000 I = 1.992 mA I = 0.008 mA I = –1.992 mA REV. C MAT03 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Dimensions shown in inches and (mm). TO-78 Metal Can REFERENCE PLANE 0.185 (4.70) 0.165 (4.19) 0.750 (19.05) 0.500 (12.70) 0.250 (6.35) MIN 0.050 (1.27) MAX 0.100 (2.54) BSC 0.160 (4.06) 0.110 (2.79) 0.335 (8.51) 0.305 (7.75) 0.370 (9.40) 0.335 (8.51) 4 5 0.200 (5.08) BSC 0.045 (1.14) 0.010 (0.25) 6 0.045 (1.14) 0.027 (0.69) 2 0.100 (2.54) BSC 0.019 (0.48) 0.016 (0.41) 0.040 (1.02) MAX 3 0.021 (0.53) 0.016 (0.41) 1 0.034 (0.86) 0.027 (0.69) 45° BSC BASE & SEATING PLANE Revision History Location Page Data Sheet changed from REV. B to REV. C. Edits to ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Deleted WAFER TEST LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Deleted DICE CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Edits to ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Edits to ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 REV. C –11– –12– PRINTED IN U.S.A. C00284-0-2/02(C)