® RT5701 3MHz 4A High Efficiency Step-Down Converter with I2C Interface General Description The RT5701 is a Peak-Current Mode Pulse-WidthModulated (PWM) step-down DC/DC converter with I2C control interface. Capable of delivering 4A continuing output current over a wide input voltage range from 2.5V to 5.5V, the RT5701 is ideally suited for Automotive Infotainment applications for low-voltage outputs to Micro controllers and ASICs in Navigation, Information Display, and Audio systems, Video systems and other battery operated systems requiring very low Shutdown current and Quiescent current consumption. Internal synchronous rectifier with low RDS(ON) dramatically reduces conduction loss at PWM mode. No external Schottky barrier diode is required in practical application. The RT5701 enters low-dropout mode when normal PWM cannot provide regulated output voltage by continuously turning on the upper P-MOSFET. The RT5701 enters shutdown mode and consumes less than 5μA when the EN pin is pulled low. The switching ripple is easily smoothedout by small package filtering elements due to a fixed operation frequency of 3MHz. This along with small TSSOP-14 (Exposed Pad) package provides small PCB area applications. The RT5701 also includes Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) for system low power applications. The I2C interface let the RT5701 controllable flexibly to select VOUT voltage level, peak current limit level, PWM control mode, and so on. Other features include soft-start, auto discharge, lower internal reference voltage, overtemperature, and over-current protection. Features 2.5V to 5.5V Input Range Output Range from 0.3V to 5.5V Bank 0 : 0.3V to 0.7V Bank 1 : 0.6V to 1.4V Bank 2 : 1.2V to 2.8V Bank 3 : 2.4V to 5.5V The Default Value is 1.5V (VSEL = High) and 1V (VSEL = Low) 4A Continuing Output Current Support DVS in the Same Bank VOUT Adjusting Range (max, min) is Settable High Efficiency 84% at 5V 1.5V with 1.5A Load 3MHz Fixed-Frequency PWM Operation Auto-PSM/PWM or Force-PWM Selectable Support Remote Ground Sensing for Accurate Output Voltage Dedicated Hardware Pin to Immediately Switch Nominal Output Voltage Setting Output Discharging when Turning Off Over-Current Protection OC Level Settable Simplified Application Circuit Input Power RT5701 PVIN LX Output Load AVDD GNDR Enable 2 I C Control VOUT Select EN SCL VOUT SDA GND VSEL Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 1 RT5701 Over-Temperature Protection Integrated Soft-Start Function 2 Enabling Control by Enable Pin and I C Register Setting by Software 2 I C Interface 2 I C Communication allowed Even in Off-State (EN = L) Support Fast Mode (400kbps) Registers Setting Retained in Off-State (EN = L) RoHS Compliant and Halogen Free Applications Automotive Infotainment Systems Microprocessor and DSP Core Supply Industrial-Grade Point-of-Load Cellular Telephones Personal Information Appliances Wireless and DSL Modems MP3 Players Portable Instruments Ordering Information RT5701 Package Type CP : TSSOP-14 (Exposed Pad) Lead Plating System G : Green (Halogen Free and Pb Free) Note : Richtek products are : RoHS compliant and compatible with the current requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. Suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes. Pin Configurations (TOP VIEW) VSEL EN SCL GNDR VOUT NC AVDD 14 2 13 3 4 12 GND 5 6 7 11 10 15 9 8 SDA GND LX LX NC PVIN PVIN TSSOP-14 (Exposed Pad) Marking Information RT5701GCP : Product Number RT5701 GCPYMDNN YMDNN : Date Code Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 2 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 Functional Pin Description Pin No. Pin Name Pin Function VSEL Nominal VOUT setting select input pin. VSEL = Low selects {0x11.ENSEL0, 0x11.VoutSEL0[6:0], 0x14.PWM0, 0x1D.VOUT_BANK0[1:0]}. VSEL = High selects {0x10.ENSEL1, 0x10.VoutSEL1[6:0], 0x14.PWM1, 0x1C.VOUT_BANK1[1:0]}. If 0x1C.VOUT_BANK1[1:0] 0x1D.VOUT_BANK0[1:0], do not toggle VSEL when EN = High. 2 EN Enable Control Input. The IC enable control pin turns on the step-down converter if the internal register ENSEL bit = 1. If ENSEL = 0, EN goes high still cannot enable step-down converter. The EN pin includes a internal pull-down current about 1A. When IC protection occurs and is latched in shutdown state, toggling EN or re-power AVDD can reset the latch state. 3 SCL I C Interface Clock Input. 4 GNDR Remote Ground Sense Input. 5 VOUT Step-Down Converter Output Voltage Sense Input. NC No Internal Connection. 13,15 (Exposed Pad) GND Ground. The exposed pad must be soldered to a large PCB and connected to GND for maximum power dissipation. 7 AVDD Analog and I C Interface Power Input. 8, 9 PVIN Power Input. Input capacitor C IN must be placed as close to IC as possible. LX Switch Node. SDA I C Interface Data Input. 1 6, 10 11,12 14 2 2 2 Functional Block Diagram AVDD VSEL EN E-Fuse Bandgap Register File DVS PVIN UVLO Bias Supply Thermal Shutdown VREF PWM Control Logic SCL FB 2 I C Oscillator VOUT Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 Gate Driver LX Soft-Start SDA GNDR Current Limit Detect Negative Inductor Current Detect GND is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 3 RT5701 Operation The RT5701 is a low voltage synchronous step-down converter that can support the input voltage range from 2.5V to 5.5V and can deliver up to 4 A at an I2C selectable voltage ranging from 0.3 V to 5.5 V, distributed into 4 banks of output voltages. The converter can operate in Auto mode or forced PWM mode. Operating modes and output voltage can be selected via I2C. By adapting current mode architecture, converter decides its switching duty by inductor current sense information, compensation ramp and error amplifier output. The converter turns on the high-side P-MOSFET whenever the raising edge of the switching clock. After the decided duty time, the high-side P-MOSFET would be turned off and the low-side N-MOSFET would be turned on until the next frequency clock raising in forced PWM mode or turn off by ZC (Zero Current Detection) in auto mode. The error amplifier may adjust its output, COMP, with selected voltage reference and output feed-back voltage information. Different selection of voltage reference and different loading at output node regulate the required COMP voltage, which regulating the output voltage. VSEL Function for Immediately Voltage Change To address different performance operating points and startup conditions, the device offers two output voltage / mode presets, which can be chosen via a dedicated VSEL pin; this allows simple and zero latency output voltage transition. Operating Mode Selection The converter can operate in Auto mode or forced PWM mode. It can be selected by programming register 0x14.PWM0 for VSEL = Low or 0x14.PWM1 for VSEL = High. If Auto mode is selected, the converter automatically switches the operation mode between PWM and PSM according to the load conditions. If forced PWM mode is selected, the converter works only in PWM mode. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Operating Mode The converter operates in PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) mode from medium to heavy load. In PWM mode, the converter operates with its nominal switching frequency Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 4 of 3MHz, and adapts its duty cycle to regulate the desired output voltage. In this mode, the inductor current is in CCM (Continuous Current Mode) and the voltage is regulated by PWM. Forced PWM (FPWM) Operating Mode If forced PWM mode is selected, the converter works only in PWM mode, and disables the transition from PWM to PSM as the load decreases. The advantage of forced PWM is that the switching frequency is fixed to be 3MHz, and thus it is easy for EMI immunity design. The disadvantage is that the efficiency at light load is poor due to the negative inductor current. Pulse Skipping Modulation (PSM) Operating Mode When in Forced PWM operating mode without output current loading, half of FPWM inductor current is negative to balance total average zero output current. If that negative inductor current could be saved, the efficiency will be improved strongly. PSM is one Buck operation mode with zero inductor current detection. Whenever zero current occur, the low-side N-MOSFET is turned off immediately and save the resident power into output capacitor (store energy in higher VOUT). Then, the converter skips internal synchronous clock and keeps sleep-state until output voltage is discharged to below its target value. Once skips occurs, the power MOSFETs of converter is turned off and lots of sub-block circuits is in sleep state to save quiescent consumption. If the output loading is increasing, the discharge time is shortened, i.e. the switching frequency depends on the output loading. The switch frequency is decayed from 3MHz; the lighter output loading, the lower switch frequency. As result, PSM VOUT ripple would be slightly larger than FPWM but PSM gains significant efficiency improvement. Auto-Zero Current Detector The Auto-Zero Current (AZC) detector circuit senses the LX waveform to adjust the inductor zero current threshold voltage automatically. In traditional trimmed zero current detectors, the zero current threshold changes due to VIN / VOUT variation. This would degrade efficiency due to is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 the extra power consumption by body diode or negative inductor current. Regard with this defect, AZC adjusts current threshold continuously when the RT5701 is operating. With AZC circuit, the RT5701 could avoid negative current in PSM mode and could achieve higher efficiency performance. Minimum Peak Current Minimum peak current is an evolution version from minimum on time. Rather than fixed minimum on time, Minimum peak current produce the “effective minimum on time” which could be adjusted according to VIN/VOUT condition. L IMIN_Peak TON = VIN VOUT It's an advantage to not provide too much energy at low duty; also, to not provide too less energy at high duty. When the converter is in PSM operation, every time pulse skip duration finishes, the converter will provide current energy for output loading by turning on P-MOSFET until inductor current achieve minimum peak current. reference voltage into another reference voltage in steps smoothly. The slew rate of the internal reference voltage is around 3mV / 10μs. Please note DVS function could only be available in the same output voltage bank. Remote Ground Sensing The RT5701 can deliver output current up to 4A. Inevitably, there is voltage drops due to the routing trace resistance between output node and chip location, especially when heavy loading. Also, voltage drops exist in ground trace. Remote ground sensing pin, GNDR, can tell the converter the lost drops to compensate to the correct and accuracy voltage level. Active Output Discharge To make sure that no residual voltage remains in the power supply rail, an active discharge path can ground the output voltage. The output gets discharged by the LX pin with a typical discharge resistor when the device shuts down. This feature can be easily disabled or enabled with register 0x12.Discharge. By default the discharge path is active. The default value of the feature is factory programmable. Low Power Mode (LPM) The RT5701 provides Low Power Mode (LPM) to save more quiescent consumption. With maximum output current ability, 1mA, LPM enhances the efficiency at load below 100μA, more than the Pulse Skipping Mode (PSM) does. This extremely efficiency improvement may extend battery life, especially in stand-by mode of hand held products. Power Good When the output voltage is higher than Power Good rising threshold, the Power Good flag, register 0x01.SEN_PG is high. Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) The converter can be enabled or disabled by IC pin, EN. For more flexibility, users can turn on/off the converter by I2C programming. There are ENSEL register bit located in register 0x10.ENSEL1 and 0x11.ENSEL0 to control internal enable signal for both VSEL selection high/low. The UVLO continuously monitors the PVIN voltage to make sure the device works properly. When the PVIN is high enough to reach the UVLO high raising threshold voltage, 2.4V, the converter softly starts. When the PVIN decreases to its UVLO low threshold voltage, 2.3V, the device will shut down. The event is recorded in register 0x18.PVIN_UVLO. The record can be reset with I2C interface or automatically reset by re-power-on AVDD. Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) Output Under-Voltage Protection (UVP) Users can select required output voltage bank and preferred output voltage by I2C programming. When output voltage is changed, the RT5701 provides Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) skill to prevent any undershoot or overshoot when output voltage transition. The DVS means to adjust one When the output voltage is lower than UVP threshold (~50% of nominal target) after soft-start, the UVP is triggered. The converter will be latched and the output voltage will no longer be regulated during UVP latched state. Re-power-on input voltage or EN pin can unlatch Enabling Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 5 RT5701 the protection state. Using I2C to shutdown the system and then re-enable it will also unlatch UVP function. The event is recorded in register 0x18.SCP. The record can be reset with I2C interface or automatically reset by repower-on AVDD. For short-circuit time > 5ms, the RT5701 will try to recover in 4ms after the short-circuit occurs. If it still fails to recover in 1ms later, it will try to recover in another 4ms cycle. EN VOUT Over-Current Protection (OCP) The converter senses the current signal when the highside P-MOSFET turns on. As a result, The OCP is cycleby-cycle current limitation. If the OCP occurs, the converter holds off the next on pulse until inductor current drops below the OCP limit. The event is recorded in register 0x18.OCP. The record can be reset with I2C interface or automatically reset by re-power-on AVDD. The OCP level can be set with 0x16.IPEAK[1:0]. Short-Circuit Occurs Auto Recovery 4ms 4ms 1ms If short-circuit occurs before enable, and the IC fails to turn on in 1ms, it will recover in 4ms later. EN Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) The converter has an over-temperature protection. When the junction temperature is higher than the thermal shutdown rising threshold, the system will be latched and the output voltage will no longer be regulated until the junction temperature drops under the falling threshold. Output Under-Voltage Protection (UVP) For short-circuit time < 4ms, the IC will automatically recovers in 4ms after the short-circuit occurs. VOUT Short-Circuit Occurs Auto Recovery 4ms 1ms EN VOUT Short-Circuit Occurs Auto Recovery 4ms Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 6 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Supply Input Voltage, PVIN and AVDD --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Switch Node DC Rating, LX ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EN, VOUT, SCL, SDA Voltage -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Power Dissipation, PD @ TA = 25°C TSSOP-14 (Exposed Pad) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Package Thermal Resistance (Note 2) TSSOP-14 (Exposed Pad), θJA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TSSOP-14 (Exposed Pad), θJC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Junction Temperature -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Storage Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ESD Susceptibility (Note 3) HBM (Human Body Model) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MM (Machine Model) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Recommended Operating Conditions 6V 6V −0.3V to 6V 3.32W 30.1°C/W 7.5°C/W 150°C 260°C −65°C to 150°C 2kV 200V (Note 4) Supply Input Voltage, AVDD and PVIN --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Junction Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ambient Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Input Capacitance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Output Capacitance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Inductance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.5V to 5.5V −40°C to 125°C −40°C to 105°C 10μF 22μF 0.33μH Electrical Characteristics (VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 2.5V, L = 0.33μH, CIN = 10μF, COUT = 22μF, TA = −40°C to 105°C, unless otherwise specification) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Input Voltage Start-up VIN AVDD and PVIN 2.45 -- 5.5 V Input Voltage Range VIN IOUT = 2A 2.5 -- 5.5 V GNDR Current IGNDR IOUT = 0mA, No Switching -- -- 10 A Shutdown Current ISHDN EN = GND -- 1 5 A Adjustable Output Range for VOUT Internal Feedback Network SDA = SCL = High at AVDD Power On, 0x1D.VOUT_BANK[1:0] = 2’b10 1.2 -- 2.8 V Output Voltage Accuracy in Normal Mode VOUT VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, 0A < IOUT < 2.7A 2 -- 2 % Output Voltage Accuracy in Low Power Mode VOUT VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, 0A < IOUT < 1mA 5 -- 5 % P-Channel On-Resistance RDS(ON)_P IOUT = 200mA -- 40 -- m N-Channel On-Resistance RDS(ON)_N IOUT = 200mA -- 20 -- m Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 7 RT5701 Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit P-Channel Current Limit ILIM_P 0x16.IPEAK[1:0] = 2’b11 5.2 6.2 7.2 A Under-Voltage Lockout Threshold (Falling) UVLO_F PVIN Falling 2.15 2.3 2.45 V UVLO Hysteresis gap UVLO_Hys -- 0.1 -- V Oscillator Frequency fOSC 2.7 3 3.3 MHz 100 -- -- % VOUT = 1V, From EN going high to 90% of nominal VOUT -- 420 -- s VOUT Power Good Threshold (Rising) Nominal VOUT Ratio -- 90 -- % Power Conversion Efficiency 5V to 1.5V and Load = 1.5A 5V to 1V and Load = 1.5A --- 84 78 --- % Line Regulation -- 0.25 -- %/V Load Regulation -- 0.25 -- %/A 5V to 2.5V and Load Current step 1.5A in 10s Rising Time -- 50 -- mV EN = GND -- 40 -- 130 150 -- °C -- 20 -- °C -- 1 -- A Logic-High 1.05 -- -- Logic-Low -- -- 0.4 Min Typ Max High-Level 1.05 -- -- Low-Level -- -- 0.4 -- -- 400 kHz Hold Time (Repeated) START Condition. t After this Period, the First Clock HD;STA Pulse is Generated 0.6 -- -- s LOW Period of the SCL Clock tLOW 1.3 -- -- s HIGH Period of the SCL Clock tHIGH 0.6 -- -- s Maximum Duty Cycle Start-Up Time tST Load Transient Drop Output Discharge Resistor ROD Thermal Shutdown Threshold TSD Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis TSD EN, VSEL Pull Low Current EN, VSEL Input Voltage V I2C for Fast Mode (AVDD = 3.6V, TA = −40°C to 105°C, unless otherwise specification) Parameter SDA, SCL Input Voltage Symbol Test Conditions Unit V Fast Mode SCL Clock Rate fSCL Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 8 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Set-Up Time for a Repeated START Condition tSU;STA 0.6 -- -- s Data Hold Time tHD;DAT 0 -- 0.9 s Data Set-Up Time tSU;DAT 100 -- -- ns Set-Up Time for STOP Condition tSU;STO 0.6 -- -- s Bus Free Time between a STOP and START Condition tBUF 1.3 -- -- s Rising Time of both SDA and SCL Signals tr 20 -- 300 ns Falling Time of both SDA and SCL Signals tf 20 -- 300 ns 2 -- -- mA SDA and SCL Output Low Sink IOL Current SDA or SCL Voltage = 0.4V Note 1. Stresses beyond those listed “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions may affect device reliability. Note 2. θJA is measured at TA = 25°C on a high effective thermal conductivity four-layer test board per JEDEC 51-7. θJC is measured at the exposed pad of the package. Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution is recommended. Note 4. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions. Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 9 RT5701 Typical Application Circuit RT5701 8, 9 VBAT LX PVIN 11, 12 L1 0.33µH COUT 22µF CIN1 10µF R3 220 7 VBAT AVDD CIN2 1µF GNDR VOUT VBAT GND RSCL 1k RSDA 1k 2 I C 3 SCL 14 SDA EN VSEL VOUT Load 4 5 13, 15 (Exposed Pad) 2 1 Enable Vout Select Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit for I2C Control RT5701 8, 9 VBAT PVIN LX 11, 12 COUT 22µF CIN1 10µF R3 220 VBAT GNDR 7 AVDD VOUT CIN2 1µF GND AVDD L1 0.33µH 3 SCL 14 SDA EN VSEL VOUT Load 4 5 13, 15 (Exposed Pad) 2 1 Enable Vout Select Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit for Internal Resistor Control without I2C Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 10 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 Typical Operating Characteristics Buck Efficiency vs. Output Current 100 Buck Efficiency vs. Output Current 100 PWM PWM 90 90 80 VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = 70 60 50 40 30 3V 3.3V 3.6V 3.9V 4.2V 4.5V 5V Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) 80 20 70 VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = 60 50 40 30 20 10 10 VOUT = 1.5V, L = 0.33μH, COUT = 22μF 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 VOUT = 1V, L = 0.33μH, COUT = 22μF 0 0.001 10 0.01 Output Current (A) 1 10 Buck Efficiency vs. Output Current 100 Auto-PSM 90 Auto-PSM 90 VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = 70 60 50 40 80 3V 3.3V 3.6V 3.9V 4.2V 4.5V 5V Efficiency (%) 80 Efficiency (%) 0.1 Output Current (A) Buck Efficiency vs. Output Current 100 30 20 VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = 70 60 50 40 3V 3.3V 3.6V 3.9V 4.2V 4.5V 5V 30 20 10 10 VOUT = 1.5V, L = 0.33μH, COUT = 22μF 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 VOUT = 1V, L = 0.33μH, COUT = 22μF 0 0.001 10 0.01 Output Current (A) 1.60 1.55 1 10 Buck Output Voltage vs. Output Current 1.20 3V 3.3V 3.6V 3.9V 4.2V 4.5V 5V VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = 1.15 Output Voltage (V) VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = VBAT = 1.65 0.1 Output Current (A) Buck Output Voltage vs. Output Current 1.70 Output Voltage (V) 3V 3.3V 3.6V 3.9V 4.2V 4.5V 5V 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.10 1.05 3V 3.3V 3.6V 3.9V 4.2V 4.5V 5V 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 1.35 VOUT = 1.5V, COUT = 22μF VOUT = 1V, COUT = 22μF 0.80 1.30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Output Current (A) Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Output Current (A) is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 11 RT5701 Buck Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage Buck Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage 1.70 1.20 ILOAD = 0A ILOAD = 1A ILOAD = 2A ILOAD = 3A ILOAD = 4A 1.60 1.55 ILOAD = 0A ILOAD = 1A ILOAD = 2A ILOAD = 3A ILOAD = 4A 1.15 Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) 1.65 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.35 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 VOUT = 1.5V, COUT = 22μF VOUT = 1V, COUT = 22μF 1.30 0.80 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 3 3.5 Input Voltage (V) 4.5 5 5.5 Input Voltage (V) Buck Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage Buck Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage 1.70 1.20 Low Power Mode Low Power Mode 1.65 1.15 ILOAD = 0mA ILOAD = 1mA 1.60 Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) 4 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.35 ILOAD = 0mA ILOAD = 1mA 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 VOUT = 1.5V, COUT = 22μF 1.30 VOUT = 1V, COUT = 22μF 0.80 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 3 4 4.5 5 Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V) Buck Output Ripple Voltage Buck Output Ripple Voltage Light Load 5.5 Heavy Load LX (2V/Div) LX (2V/Div) VOUT_ac (10mV/Div) VOUT_ac (10mV/Div) VBAT = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.5V, IOUT = 300mA, L = 0.33μH, COUT = 22μF Time (250ns/Div) Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 12 3.5 VBAT = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.5V, IOUT = 3A, L = 0.33μH, COUT = 22μF Time (250ns/Div) is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 Buck Output Ripple Voltage Buck Output Ripple Voltage Heavy Load Light Load LX (2V/Div) LX (2V/Div) VOUT_ac (10mV/Div) VOUT_ac (10mV/Div) VBAT = 3.6V, VOUT = 1V, IOUT = 3A, L = 0.33μH, COUT = 22μF VBAT = 3.6V, VOUT = 1V, IOUT = 300mA, L = 0.33μH, COUT = 22μF Time (250ns/Div) Time (250ns/Div) Load Transient Response Load Transient Response IOUT (2A/Div) IOUT (2A/Div) VOUT_AC (50mV/Div) VOUT_AC (50mV/Div) VBAT = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.5V, IOUT = 2.5 to 4A, L = 0.33μH, COUT = 22μF Time (250μs/Div) Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 VBAT = 3.6V, VOUT = 1V, IOUT = 2.5 to 4A, L = 0.33μH, COUT = 22μF Time (250μs/Div) is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 13 RT5701 Application Information The basic RT5701 application circuit is shown in Typical Application Circuit. External component selection is determined by the maximum load current and begins with the selection of the inductor value and operating frequency followed by CIN and COUT. Inductor Selection The inductor value and operating frequency determine the current ripple according to a specific input and output voltage. The ripple current, ΔIL, increases with higher VIN and decreases with higher inductance, as shown in equation below : V V VOUT IL = 1 OUT IN f VIN L where f is the switch frequency and L is the inductance. Having a lower ripple current reduces not only the ESR losses in the output capacitors, but also the output voltage ripple. Higher operating frequency combined with smaller ripple current is necessary to achieve high efficiency. The largest ripple current occurs at the highest VIN. To guarantee that the ripple current stays below the specified ΔIL(MAX), the inductor value should be chosen according to the following equation : VIN(MAX) VOUT V L = 1 OUT f VIN(MAX) IL(MAX) The inductor's current rating (defined by a temperature rise from 25°C ambient to 40°C) should be greater than the maximum load current and its saturation current should be greater than the short-circuit peak current limit. Refer to Table 1 for the suggested inductor selection. Table 1. Suggested Inductors for Typical Application Circuit Inductor Value Component Supplier / Part Number Dimensions (LxWxH mm) ISAT(L-30%) / DCR 0.33H Coilcraft / XFL4015-331 4.0x4.0x1.5 7A / 6.8m 0.47H Coilcraft / XFL4015-471 4.0x4.0x1.5 5.4A / 7.6m 0.47H SUMIDA / CDMCDS-R47MC 2.5x2.0x1.2 4.8A / 15.0 m 0.47H TDK / TFM252010G 2.5x2.0x1.0 4.5A / 24.0m Input and Output Capacitor Selection An input capacitor, C IN, is needed to filter out the trapezoidal current at the source of the high-side MOSFET. To prevent large ripple current, a low ESR input capacitor sized for the maximum RMS current should be used. The RMS current is given by : V VIN IRMS = IOUT(MAX) OUT 1 VIN VOUT This formula has a maximum at VIN = 2VOUT, where IRMS = IOUT(MAX) / 2. This simple worst-case condition is commonly used for design. Choose a capacitor rated at a higher temperature than required. Several capacitors may also be paralleled to meet the size or height requirements of the design. Ceramic capacitors have high ripple current, high voltage rating and low ESR, which makes them ideal Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 14 for switching regulator applications. However, they can also have a high voltage coefficient and audible piezoelectric effects. The high Q of ceramic capacitors with trace inductance can lead to significant ringing. When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input and the power is supplied by a wall adapter through long wires, a load step at the output can induce ringing at the input, VIN. At best, this ringing can couple to the output and be mistaken as loop instability. At worst, a sudden inrush of current through the long wires can potentially cause a voltage spike at VIN large enough to damage the part. Thus, care must be taken to select a suitable input capacitor. The selection of COUT is determined by the required ESR to minimize output voltage ripple. Moreover, the amount of bulk capacitance is also a key for COUT selection to is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 ensure that the control loop is stable. Loop stability can be checked by viewing the load transient response. The output voltage ripple, VOUT, is determined by : 1 VOUT IL ESR + 8 fOSC COUT where fOSC is the switching frequency and IL is the inductor ripple current. The output voltage ripple will be the highest at the maximum input voltage since IL increases with input voltage. Multiple capacitors placed in parallel may be needed to meet the ESR and RMS current handling requirement. Ceramic capacitors have excellent low ESR characteristics, but can have a high voltage coefficient and audible piezoelectric effects. The high Q of ceramic capacitors with trace inductance can also lead to significant ringing. Nevertheless, high value, low cost ceramic capacitors are now becoming available in smaller case sizes. Their high ripple current, high voltage rating and low ESR make them ideal for switching regulator applications. VSEL Function Selection Figure 3 shows the detailed logic of VSEL function. There are several parameters can be set its initial condition, such as output voltage, operation mode (Auto PSM/PWM or Forced-PWM) and output voltage bank. Users can set separately into VSEL high state and VSEL low state to design the required performance. EN 0x10.ENSEL1 0x11.ENSEL0 1 MUX2 Enable Control ENSEL 0 VSEL 0x10.VoutSEL1[6:0] 0x11.VoutSEL0[6:0] 0x14.PWM1 0x14.PWM0 0x1C.VOUT_BANK1[1:0] 1 MUX2 1 MUX2 DVS VREF Control Buck Converter FPWM 0 PWM 1 MUX2 0x1D.VOUT_BANK0[1:0] VoutSEL[6:0] 0 Auto VOUT_BANK 1 MUX2 0 Feedback Network 0 Mode Control Feedback Control Chosen by VSEL Figure 3. VSEL Logic Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 15 RT5701 Setting the Output Voltage with Internal Feedback Network The Flow Chart from Power-ON to Soft-Start Besides defined initial output voltages in VSEL high and VSEL low, the RT5701 can manually change voltage reference from 0.3V to 0.7V by I2C programming. The difference among bank0 to bank3 is internal feedback configuration. Then the output voltage can be designed as following equation : To summarize the above functions and judgments such as VSEL function, internal feedback network selection at power-on state, following chart shows the actions and protections to clarify the time sequence and priority. VOUT = VREF 2 (BANK) where VREF stand for reference voltage; BANK is 0 to 3, for bank0 to bank3 separately. AVDD Power On PVIN UVLO Check No No Power Ready Detection AVDD >1.6V? UVLO Protect PVIN > 2.4V? Yes Yes AVDD Deglitch Deglitch time ~ 2µs ENABLE Logic Check Vout Selection VSEL = High? Yes No Output VOUT = 1.5V Output VOUT = 1.0V No Internal ENABLE = High? Yes IC Load Initial Value Settling time ~ 500µs RT5701 Soft-Start Begin Soft-Start time ~ 400µs Figure 4. Flow chart of power-on state Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 16 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 I2C Interface The RT5701 default I2C slave address = 7'b0011100. I2C interface support fast mode (bit rate up to 400kb/s). The write or read bit stream (N ≥ 1) is shown below : Read N bytes from RT5701 Slave Address Register Address S 0 A R/W MSB Slave Address A Sr 1 A A Assume Address = m MSB LSB Data 1 Data for Address = m Data 2 LSB MSB Data N LSB A A P Data for Address = m+N-1 Data for Address = m+1 Write N bytes to RT5701 Slave Address Register Address S 0 MSB A A Assume Address = m R/W Data 1 LSB MSB Data 2 LSB A A Data for Address = m MSB Data for Address = m+1 Data N LSB A P Driven by Master Driven by Slave (RT5701) P Stop S Start Data for Address = m+N-1 Sr Repeat Start SDA tLOW tF tSU;DAT tR tF tHD;STA tSP tR tBUF SCL tHD;STA S tHD;DAT tHIGH tSU;STA tSU;STO Sr P S Figure 5. Definition of Timing for Hs-mode Devices on the I2C-bus Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 17 RT5701 I2C Register Map Register Address Register Address Meaning 0x01 b[7] (MSB) b[6] b[5] b[4] b[3] b[2] b[1] b[0] (LSB) SEN_TSD Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved SEN_PG Default 0 Read/Write R x x x x x x 0 R Report junction temperature > thermal shutdown threshold. SEN_TSD 0 : TJ < 150C 1 : TJ > 150C Report VOUT Power GOOD or not. SEN_PG 0 : V OUT < 90% of target. 1 : V OUT is within nominal range. Register Address 0x10 Register Address b[7] (MSB) Meaning ENSEL1 Default 1 0 0 1 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W ENSEL1 b[6] b[5] b[4] b[2] b[1] b[0] (LSB) 0 1 1 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W b[3] VoutSEL1[6:0] When VSEL = High, it is used to gate the EN pin of the step-down converter. This makes 2 the step-down converter can enable/disable by I C and Software. When EN pin = High and this bit = 1, step-down converter can be enabled. Otherwise, step-down converter would be disabled. 0 : Disable (even if EN=High, step-down converter still cannot be enabled.) 1 : Enable VoutSEL1[6:0] Register Address 0x11 When VSEL = High, it is used to set Vout voltage level. Vout voltage level = (303.125mV + 3.125mV x VoutSEL1[6:0]) x 2 ^ (0x1C.VOUT_BANK1 [1:0]) Register Address b[7] (MSB) Meaning ENSEL0 Default 1 0 1 1 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W ENSEL0 b[6] b[5] b[4] b[2] b[1] b[0] (LSB) 1 1 1 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W b[3] VoutSEL0[6:0] When VSEL = Low, it is used to gate the EN pin of the step-down converter. This makes 2 the step-down converter can enable/disable by I C and Software. When EN pin = High and this bit = 1, step-down converter can be enabled. Otherwise, step-down converter would be disabled. 0 : Disable (even if EN=High, step-down converter still cannot be enabled.) 1 : Enable VoutSEL0[6:0] When VSEL = Low, it is used to set Vout voltage level. Vout voltage level = (303.125mV + 3.125mV x VoutSEL0[6:0]) x 2 ^ (0x1D.VOUT_BANK0 [1:0]) Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 18 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 Register Address Register Address Meaning 0x12 Default b[7] (MSB) b[6] b[5] b[4] b[3] b[2] b[1] b[0] (LSB) Reserved Reserved Reserved Discharge Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved x x x Read/Write 1 x x x x R/W Control the enabling of the LX discharge path when step-down converter is turned off. 0 : Disable discharge path. Discharge 1 : Enable discharge path. Note. If there is a standby power at VOUT pin, it is suggest to disable this function. Register Address 0x14 Register Address b[7] (MSB) b[6] Meaning PWM0 PWM1 Default 1 1 Read/Write R/W R/W b[5] b[4] b[3] b[2] b[1] b[0] (LSB) Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved x x x x x x When VSEL = Low, it is used to control PWM operation mode of step-down converter PWM0 0 : step-down converter would automatically switch the operation mode among CCM (forced PWM), DCM, and PSM. 1 : step-down converter works only at the forced PWM. When VSEL = High, it is used to control PWM operation mode of step-down converter PWM1 0 : step-down converter would automatically switch the operation mode among CCM (forced PWM), DCM, and PSM. 1 : step-down converter works only at the forced PWM. Register Address Register Address 0x16 Meaning Default Read/Write b[7] (MSB) b[6] IPEAK[1:0] 1 1 R/W b[5] b[4] b[3] b[2] b[1] b[0] (LSB) Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved x x x x x x R/W Set inductor peak current limit. 00 : 4.7A IPEAK[1:0] 01 : 5.2A 10 : 5.7A 11 : 6.2A Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 19 RT5701 Register Address 0x18 Register Address b[7] (MSB) Meaning OCP Default Read/Write 0 R/W b[6] b[5] Reserved Reserved x x b[4] SCP b[3] b[2] Reserved Reserved 0 R/W x b[1] b[0] (LSB) PVIN_ UVLO Reserved x 0 R/W b[2] b[1] x Record the Over-current protection event. OCP 0 : Over-current protection is not triggered 1 : Over-current protection is triggered Record the Vout short-circuit protection event. SCP 0 : Vout short-circuit protection is not triggered 1 : Vout short-circuit protection is triggered Record the PVIN under voltage event after enabling. PVIN_UVLO 0 : PVIN UVLO occurs is not triggered 1 : PVIN UVLO occurs is triggered Register Address Register Address b[6] b[5] b[4] b[3] b[0] (LSB) Reserve Reserved Reserved Reserved VOUT_BANK1[1:0] d Default x x x x x 1 0 Read/Write R/W R/W When VSEL = High. It is used to select the Vout list. It should be set before enabling the step-down converter. Meaning 0x1C b[7] (MSB) Reserved Reserve d x 00 : 0.303125V to 0.7V VOUT_BANK1[1:0] 01 : 0.60625V to 1.4V 10 : 1.2125V to 2.8V 11 : 2.425V to 5.6V Register Address Register Address Meaning 0x1D Default b[7] (MSB) b[6] b[5] b[4] b[3] b[2] Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved x x x x x Read/Write x b[1] b[0] (LSB) VOUT_BANK0[1:0] 0 1 R/W R/W When VSEL = Low. It is used to select the Vout list. It should be set before enabling the step-down converter. 00 : 0.303125V to 0.7V VOUT_BANK0[1:0] 01 : 0.60625V to 1.4V 10 : 1.2125V to 2.8V 11 : 2.425V to 5.6V Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 20 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 Register Address Register Address b[7] (MSB) Meaning 0x1E b[6] b[5] b[4] b[3] Vout_High[3:0] b[2] b[1] b[0] (LSB) Vout_Low(3:0] Default 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Vout_High[3:0] To avoid DVS change Vout out of reliable range, set the field to limit the effective upper bound of Vout voltage level. When VSEL = Low, if Register 0x11.VoutSEL0[6:0] > {Vout_High[3:0], 3'b111}, effective Vout would be limited to be the voltage corresponding to the code {Vout_High[3:0], 3'b111}. Else effective Vout would follow Register 0x11.VoutSEL0[6:0] setting. When VSEL = High, if Register 0x10.VoutSEL1[6:0] > {Vout_High[3:0], 3'b111}, effective Vout would be limited to be the voltage corresponding to the code {Vout_High[3:0], 3'b111}. Else effective Vout would follow Register 0x10.VoutSEL1[6:0] setting. Vout_Low[3:0] To avoid DVS change Vout out of reliable range, set the field to limit the effective lower bound of Vout voltage level. When VSEL = Low, if Register 0x11.VoutSEL0[6:0] < {Vout_Low[3:0], 3'b000}, effective Vout would be limited to be the voltage corresponding to the code {Vout_Low[3:0], 3'b000}. Else effective Vout would follow Register 0x11.VoutSEL0[6:0] setting. When VSEL = High, if Register 0x10.VoutSEL1[6:0] < {Vout_Low[3:0], 3'b000}, effective Vout would be limited to be the voltage corresponding to the code {Vout_Low[3:0], 3'b000}. Else effective Vout would follow Register 0x10.VoutSEL1[6:0] setting. Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 21 RT5701 Thermal Considerations 3.6 Maximum Power Dissipation (W)1 For continuous operation, do not exceed absolute maximum junction temperature. The maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of the IC package, PCB layout, rate of surrounding airflow, and difference between junction and ambient temperature. The maximum power dissipation can be calculated by the following formula : PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) − TA) / θJA where TJ(MAX) is the maximum junction temperature, TA is the ambient temperature, and θJA is the junction to ambient thermal resistance. For recommended operating condition specifications, the maximum junction temperature is 125°C. The junction to ambient thermal resistance, θJA, is layout dependent. For TSSOP-14 (Exposed Pad) package, the thermal resistance, θJA, is 30.1°C/W on a standard JEDEC 51-7 four-layer thermal test board. The maximum power dissipation at TA = 25°C can be calculated by the following formula : Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 22 2.8 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 0 25 50 75 100 125 Ambient Temperature (°C) Figure 6. Derating Curve of Maximum Power Dissipation Layout Consideration For the best performance of the RT5701, the following PCB layout guidelines must be strictly followed. Place the input and output capacitors as close as possible to the input and output pins respectively for good filtering. Keep the main power traces as wide and short as possible. The switching node area connected to LX and inductor should be minimized for lower EMI. Place the feedback components as close as possible to the VOUT pin and keep these components away from the noisy devices. PD(MAX) = (125°C − 25°C) / (30.1°C/W) = 3.32W for TSSOP-14 (Exposed Pad) package The maximum power dissipation depends on the operating ambient temperature for fixed T J(MAX) and thermal resistance, θJA. The derating curve in Figure 6 allows the designer to see the effect of rising ambient temperature on the maximum power dissipation. Four-Layer PCB 3.2 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS5701-01 July 2015 RT5701 Connect the Exposed Pad to a ground plane. Dedicated sense line. GND VSEL EN SCL GNDR VOUT CIN2 NC AVDD 14 2 13 3 4 12 GND 5 6 7 11 10 15 9 8 SDA GND LX LX NC PVIN PVIN L1 COUT Keep away from LX trace VOUT CIN1 GND R3 GND VBAT Figure 7. PCB Layout Guide Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS5701-01 July 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 23 RT5701 Outline Dimension Dimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In Inches Symbol Min Max Min Max A 1.000 1.200 0.039 0.047 A1 0.000 0.150 0.000 0.006 A2 0.800 1.050 0.031 0.041 b 0.190 0.300 0.007 0.012 D 4.900 5.100 0.193 0.201 e 0.650 0.026 E 6.300 6.500 0.248 0.256 E1 4.300 4.500 0.169 0.177 L 0.450 0.750 0.018 0.030 U 1.900 2.900 0.075 0.114 V 1.600 2.600 0.063 0.102 14-Lead TSSOP (Exposed Pad) Plastic Package Richtek Technology Corporation 14F, No. 8, Tai Yuen 1st Street, Chupei City Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: (8863)5526789 Richtek products are sold by description only. Richtek reserves the right to change the circuitry and/or specifications without notice at any time. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information and data sheets before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. Richtek cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Richtek product. Information furnished by Richtek is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Richtek or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Richtek or its subsidiaries. www.richtek.com 24 DS5701-01 July 2015