PCAL6416A
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
with interrupt output, reset, and configuration registers
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
Product data sheet
1. General description
The PCAL6416A is a 16-bit general purpose I/O expander that provides remote I/O
expansion for most microcontroller families via the I2C-bus interface.
NXP I/O expanders provide a simple solution when additional I/Os are needed while
keeping interconnections to a minimum, for example, in battery-powered mobile
applications for interfacing to sensors, push buttons, keypad, etc. In addition to providing
a flexible set of GPIOs, it simplifies interconnection of a processor running at one voltage
level to I/O devices operating at a different (usually higher) voltage level. The PCAL6416A
has built-in level shifting feature that makes these devices extremely flexible in mixed
signal environments where communication between incompatible I/O voltages is required.
Its wide VDD range of 1.65 V to 5.5 V on the dual power rail allows seamless
communications with next-generation low voltage microprocessors and microcontrollers
on the interface side (SDA/SCL) and peripherals at a higher voltage on the port side.
There are two supply voltages for PCAL6416A: VDD(I2C-bus) and VDD(P). VDD(I2C-bus)
provides the supply voltage for the interface at the master side (for example, a
microcontroller) and the VDD(P) provides the supply for core circuits and Port P. The
bidirectional voltage level translation in the PCAL6416A is provided through VDD(I2C-bus).
VDD(I2C-bus) should be connected to the VDD of the external SCL/SDA lines. This indicates
the VDD level of the I2C-bus to the PCAL6416A, while the voltage level on Port P of the
PCAL6416A is determined by the VDD(P).
The PCAL6416A contains the PCA6416A register set of four pairs of 8-bit Configuration,
Input, Output, and Polarity Inversion registers and additionally, the PCAL6416A has
Agile I/O, which are additional features specifically designed to enhance the I/O. These
additional features are: programmable output drive strength, latchable inputs,
programmable pull-up/pull-down resistors, maskable interrupt, interrupt status register,
programmable open-drain or push-pull outputs. The PCAL6416A is a pin-to-pin
replacement to the PCA6416A, however, the PCAL6416A powers up with all I/O interrupts
masked. This mask default allows for a board bring-up free of spurious interrupts at
power-up.
At power-on, the I/Os are configured as inputs. However, the system master can enable
the I/Os as either inputs or outputs by writing to the I/O configuration bits. The data for
each input or output is kept in the corresponding input or output register. The polarity of
the Input Port register can be inverted with the Polarity Inversion register, saving external
logic gates. Programmable pull-up and pull-down resistors eliminate the need for discrete
components.
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
The system master can reset the PCAL6416A in the event of a time-out or other improper
operation by asserting a LOW in the RESET input. The power-on reset puts the registers
in their default state and initializes the I2C-bus/SMBus state machine. The RESET pin
causes the same reset/initialization to occur without depowering the part.
The PCAL6416A open-drain interrupt (INT) output is activated when any input state differs
from its corresponding Input Port register state and is used to indicate to the system
master that an input state has changed.
INT can be connected to the interrupt input of a microcontroller. By sending an interrupt
signal on this line, the remote I/O can inform the microcontroller if there is incoming data
on its ports without having to communicate via the I2C-bus. Thus, the PCAL6416A can
remain a simple slave device. The input latch feature holds or latches the input pin state
and keeps the logic values that created the interrupt until the master can service the
interrupt. This minimizes the host’s interrupt service response for fast moving inputs.
The device Port P outputs have 25 mA sink capabilities for directly driving LEDs while
consuming low device current.
One hardware pin (ADDR) can be used to program and vary the fixed I2C-bus address
and allow up to two devices to share the same I2C-bus or SMBus.
2. Features and benefits
I2C-bus to parallel port expander
Operating power supply voltage range of 1.65 V to 5.5 V
Allows bidirectional voltage-level translation and GPIO expansion between:
1.8 V SCL/SDA and 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V or 5 V Port P
2.5 V SCL/SDA and 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V or 5 V Port P
3.3 V SCL/SDA and 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V or 5 V Port P
5 V SCL/SDA and 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V or 5 V Port P
Low standby current consumption:
1.5 A typical at 5 V VDD
1.0 A typical at 3.3 V VDD
Schmitt trigger action allows slow input transition and better switching noise immunity
at the SCL and SDA inputs
Vhys = 0.18 V (typical) at 1.8 V
Vhys = 0.25 V (typical) at 2.5 V
Vhys = 0.33 V (typical) at 3.3 V
Vhys = 0.5 V (typical) at 5 V
5 V tolerant I/O ports
Active LOW reset input (RESET)
Open-drain active LOW interrupt output (INT)
400 kHz Fast-mode I2C-bus
Internal power-on reset
Power-up with all channels configured as inputs
No glitch on power-up
Noise filter on SCL/SDA inputs
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
2 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Latched outputs with 25 mA drive maximum capability for directly driving LEDs
Latch-up performance exceeds 100 mA per JESD 78, Class II
ESD protection exceeds JESD 22
2000 V Human-Body Model (A114-A)
1000 V Charged-Device Model (C101)
Packages offered: TSSOP24, HVQFN24, VFBGA24, XFBGA24
2.1 Agile I/O features
Software backward compatible with PCA6416A with interrupts disabled at power-up
Pin-to-pin drop-in replacement with PCA6416A
Output port configuration: bank selectable push-pull or open-drain output stages
Interrupt status: read-only register identifies the source of an interrupt
Bit-wise I/O programming features:
Output drive strength: four programmable drive strengths to reduce rise and fall
times in low-capacitance applications
Input latch: Input Port register values changes are kept until the Input Port register
is read
Pull-up/pull-down enable: floating input or pull-up/pull-down resistor enable
Pull-up/pull-down selection: 100 k pull-up/pull-down resistor selection
Interrupt mask: mask prevents the generation of the interrupt when input changes
state to prevent spurious interrupts
3. Ordering information
Table 1.
Ordering information
Type number
Topside
mark
Package
Name
Description
Version
PCAL6416AEV
L16A
VFBGA24
plastic very thin fine-pitch ball grid array package; 24 balls;
body 3 3 0.85 mm
SOT1199-1
PCAL6416AEX
L16
XFBGA24
plastic, extremely thin fine-pitch ball grid array package;
24 balls; body 2 2 0.5 mm
SOT1342-1
PCAL6416AHF
L16A
HWQFN24
plastic thermal enhanced very very thin quad flat package;
no leads; 24 terminals; body 4 4 0.75 mm
SOT994-1
PCAL6416APW
PCAL6416A
TSSOP24
plastic thin shrink small outline package; 24 leads;
body width 4.4 mm
SOT355-1
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
3 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
3.1 Ordering options
Table 2.
Ordering options
Type number
Orderable
part number
Package
Packing method
Minimum
order quantity
Temperature range
PCAL6416AEV
PCAL6416AEVJ
VFBGA24
Reel pack, SMD,
13-inch
6000
Tamb = 40 C to +85 C
PCAL6416AEX
<tbd>
XFBGA24
Reel pack, SMD,
7-inch
<tbd>
Tamb = 40 C to +85 C
PCAL6416AHF
PCAL6416AHF,128
HWQFN24
Reel pack, SMD,
13-inch, Turned
6000
Tamb = 40 C to +85 C
PCAL6416APW
PCAL6416APW,118
TSSOP24
Reel pack, SMD,
13-inch
2500
Tamb = 40 C to +85 C
4. Block diagram
PCAL6416A
INT
INTERRUPT
LOGIC
LP FILTER
ADDR
SCL
SDA
INPUT
FILTER
I2C-BUS
CONTROL
VDD(I2C-bus)
VDD(P)
RESET
POWER-ON
RESET
SHIFT
REGISTER
16 BITS
P0_0 to P0_7
I/O
PORT
P1_0 to P1_7
write pulse
read pulse
I/O control
VSS
002aaf962
All I/Os are set to inputs at reset.
Fig 1.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Block diagram of PCAL6416A (positive logic)
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
4 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
5. Pinning information
21 VDD(P)
23 VDD(I2C-bus)
24 RESET
5.1 Pinning
23 SDA
RESET
3
22 SCL
P0_0
4
21 ADDR
P0_0
1
18 ADDR
P0_1
5
20 P1_7
P0_1
2
17 P1_7
P0_2
6
19 P1_6
P0_2
3
P0_3
7
18 P1_5
P0_3
4
P0_4
8
17 P1_4
P0_4
5
14 P1_4
P0_5
9
16 P1_3
P0_5
6
13 P1_3
P0_6 10
15 P1_2
P0_7 11
14 P1_1
VSS 12
13 P1_0
16 P1_6
15 P1_5
P1_2 12
9
VSS
P1_1 11
8
P1_0 10
7
P0_7
PCAL6416AHF
P0_6
PCAL6416APW
terminal 1
index area
19 SCL
24 VDD(P)
2
20 SDA
1
22 INT
INT
VDD(I2C-bus)
002aaf964
Transparent top view
002aaf963
The exposed center pad, if used, must be
connected only as a secondary ground or
must be left electrically open.
Fig 2.
Pin configuration for TSSOP24
ball A1
index area
Fig 3.
Pin configuration for HWQFN24
PCAL6416AEV
1
2
3
4
5
A
B
C
1
2
3
4
5
A
P0_0
RESET
INT
SDA
SCL
B
P0_2
C
P0_3
P0_4
P0_1
P1_7
P1_6
D
P0_5
P0_7
P1_2
P1_4
P1_5
E
P0_6
VSS
P1_0
P1_1
P1_3
VDD(I2C-bus) VDD(P)
ADDR
D
E
002aaf966
Transparent top view
002aag244
An empty cell indicates no ball
is populated at that grid point.
Fig 4.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Pin configuration for VFBGA24
(3 mm 3 mm)
Fig 5.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
Ball mapping for 3 mm 3 mm
VFBGA24 (transparent top view)
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
5 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
ball A1
index area
PCAL6416AEX
1
2
3
4
5
A
1
2
3
4
5
SCL
ADDR
INT
SDA
P1_7
B
A
C
B
P0_0
D
C
P0_2
P0_3
P0_1
P1_6
P1_5
D
P0_4
P0_7
P1_0
P1_4
P1_3
E
P0_5
P0_6
VSS
P1_1
P1_2
RESET VDD(I2C-bus) VDD(P)
E
002aah190
Transparent top view
002aah145
An empty cell indicates no ball
is populated at that grid point.
Fig 6.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Pin configuration for XFBGA24
(2 mm 2 mm)
Fig 7.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
Ball mapping for 2 mm 2 mm
XFBGA24 (transparent top view)
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
6 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
5.2 Pin description
Table 3.
Symbol
Pin description
Pin
Description
TSSOP24
HWQFN24
VFBGA24
XFBGA24
INT
1
22
A3
B3
Interrupt output. Connect to VDD(I2C-bus) or VDD(P)
through a pull-up resistor.
VDD(I2C-bus)
2
23
B3
A2
Supply voltage of I2C-bus. Connect directly to the VDD
of the external I2C master. Provides voltage-level
translation.
RESET
3
24
A2
A1
Active LOW reset input. Connect to VDD(I2C-bus)
through a pull-up resistor if no active connection is
used.
P0_0[1]
4
1
A1
B1
Port 0 input/output 0.
P0_1[1]
5
2
C3
C3
Port 0 input/output 1.
P0_2[1]
6
3
B1
C1
Port 0 input/output 2.
P0_3[1]
7
4
C1
C2
Port 0 input/output 3.
P0_4[1]
8
5
C2
D1
Port 0 input/output 4.
P0_5[1]
9
6
D1
E1
Port 0 input/output 5.
P0_6[1]
10
7
E1
E2
Port 0 input/output 6.
P0_7[1]
11
8
D2
D2
Port 0 input/output 7.
VSS
12
9
E2
E3
Ground.
P1_0[2]
13
10
E3
D3
Port 1 input/output 0.
P1_1[2]
14
11
E4
E4
Port 1 input/output 1.
P1_2[2]
15
12
D3
E5
Port 1 input/output 2.
P1_3[2]
16
13
E5
D5
Port 1 input/output 3.
P1_4[2]
17
14
D4
D4
Port 1 input/output 4.
P1_5[2]
18
15
D5
C5
Port 1 input/output 5.
P1_6[2]
19
16
C5
C4
Port 1 input/output 6.
P1_7[2]
20
17
C4
B5
Port 1 input/output 7.
ADDR
21
18
B5
A5
Address input. Connect directly to VDD(P) or ground.
SCL
22
19
A5
A4
Serial clock bus. Connect to VDD(I2C-bus) through a
pull-up resistor.
SDA
23
20
A4
B4
Serial data bus. Connect to VDD(I2C-bus) through a
pull-up resistor.
VDD(P)
24
21
B4
A3
Supply voltage of PCAL6416A for Port P.
[1]
Pins P0_0 to P0_7 correspond to bits P0.0 to P0.7. At power-on, all I/O are configured as input.
[2]
Pins P1_0 to P1_7 correspond to bits P1.0 to P1.7. At power-on, all I/O are configured as input.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
7 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
6. Voltage translation
Table 4 shows how to set up VDD levels for the necessary voltage translation between the
I2C-bus and the PCAL6416A.
Table 4.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Voltage translation
VDD(I2C-bus) (SDA and SCL of I2C master)
VDD(P) (Port P)
1.8 V
1.8 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
1.8 V
3.3 V
1.8 V
5V
2.5 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
2.5 V
2.5 V
3.3 V
2.5 V
5V
3.3 V
1.8 V
3.3 V
2.5 V
3.3 V
3.3 V
3.3 V
5V
5V
1.8 V
5V
2.5 V
5V
3.3 V
5V
5V
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
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8 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
7. Functional description
Refer to Figure 1 “Block diagram of PCAL6416A (positive logic)”.
7.1 Device address
The address of the PCAL6416A is shown in Figure 8.
slave address
0
1
0
0
0
0
fixed
AD
R/W
DR
hardware selectable
002aah045
Fig 8.
PCAL6416A address
ADDR is the hardware address package pin and is held to either HIGH (logic 1) or LOW
(logic 0) to assign one of the two possible slave addresses. The last bit of the slave
address (R/W) defines the operation (read or write) to be performed. A HIGH (logic 1)
selects a read operation, while a LOW (logic 0) selects a write operation.
7.2 Interface definition
Table 5.
Interface definition
Byte
Bit
7 (MSB)
I2C-bus
slave address
I/O data bus
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 (LSB)
L
H
L
L
L
L
ADDR
R/W
P0.7
P0.6
P0.5
P0.4
P0.3
P0.2
P0.1
P0.0
P1.7
P1.6
P1.5
P1.4
P1.3
P1.2
P1.1
P1.0
7.3 Pointer register and command byte
Following the successful acknowledgement of the address byte, the bus master sends a
command byte, which is stored in the Pointer register in the PCAL6416A. The lower three
bits of this data byte state the operation (read or write) and the internal registers (Input,
Output, Polarity Inversion, or Configuration) that will be affected. Bit 6 in conjunction with
the lower three bits of the Command byte are used to point to the extended features of the
device (Agile IO). This register is write only.
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
002aaf540
Fig 9.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Pointer register bits
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© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
9 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Table 6.
Command byte
Pointer register bits
Command byte Register
(hexadecimal)
Protocol
Power-up
default
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00h
Input port 0
read byte
xxxx xxxx[1]
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
01h
Input port 1
read byte
xxxx xxxx
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
02h
Output port 0
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
03h
Output port 1
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
04h
Polarity Inversion port 0
read/write byte
0000 0000
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
05h
Polarity Inversion port 1
read/write byte
0000 0000
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
06h
Configuration port 0
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
07h
Configuration port 1
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
40h
Output drive strength
register 0
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
41h
Output drive strength
register 0
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
42h
Output drive strength
register 1
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
43h
Output drive strength
register 1
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
44h
Input latch register 0
read/write byte
0000 0000
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
45h
Input latch register 1
read/write byte
0000 0000
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
46h
Pull-up/pull-down enable
register 0
read/write byte
0000 0000
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
47h
Pull-up/pull-down enable
register 1
read/write byte
0000 0000
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
48h
Pull-up/pull-down
selection register 0
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
49h
Pull-up/pull-down
selection register 1
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
4Ah
Interrupt mask register 0
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
4Bh
Interrupt mask register 1
read/write byte
1111 1111
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
4Ch
Interrupt status register 0
read byte
0000 0000
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
4Dh
Interrupt status register 1
read byte
0000 0000
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
4Fh
Output port configuration
register
read/write byte
0000 0000
[1]
Undefined.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
10 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
7.4 Register descriptions
7.4.1 Input port register pair (00h, 01h)
The Input port registers (registers 0 and 1) reflect the incoming logic levels of the pins,
regardless of whether the pin is defined as an input or an output by the Configuration
register. The Input port registers are read only; writes to these registers have no effect.
The default value ‘X’ is determined by the externally applied logic level. An Input port
register read operation is performed as described in Section 8.2.
Table 7.
Bit
Input port 0 register (address 00h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
I0.7
I0.6
I0.5
I0.4
I0.3
I0.2
I0.1
I0.0
Default
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Table 8.
Bit
Input port 1 register (address 01h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
I1.7
I1.6
I1.5
I1.4
I1.3
I1.2
I1.1
I1.0
Default
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
7.4.2 Output port register pair (02h, 03h)
The Output port registers (registers 2 and 3) shows the outgoing logic levels of the pins
defined as outputs by the Configuration register. Bit values in these registers have no
effect on pins defined as inputs. In turn, reads from these registers reflect the value that
was written to these registers, not the actual pin value. A register pair write operation is
described in Section 8.1. A register pair read operation is described in Section 8.2.
Table 9.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
O0.7
O0.6
O0.5
O0.4
O0.3
O0.2
O0.1
O0.0
Default
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Table 10.
Bit
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Output port 0 register (address 02h)
Output port 1 register (address 03h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
O1.7
O1.6
O1.5
O1.4
O1.3
O1.2
O1.1
O1.0
Default
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
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PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
7.4.3 Polarity inversion register pair (04h, 05h)
The Polarity inversion registers (registers 4 and 5) allow polarity inversion of pins defined
as inputs by the Configuration register. If a bit in these registers is set (written with ‘1’), the
corresponding port pin’s polarity is inverted in the input register. If a bit in this register is
cleared (written with a ‘0’), the corresponding port pin’s polarity is retained. A register pair
write operation is described in Section 8.1. A register pair read operation is described in
Section 8.2.
Table 11.
Bit
Polarity inversion port 0 register (address 04h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
N0.7
N0.6
N0.5
N0.4
N0.3
N0.2
N0.1
N0.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 12.
Bit
Polarity inversion port 1 register (address 05h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
N1.7
N1.6
N1.5
N1.4
N1.3
N1.2
N1.1
N1.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.4.4 Configuration register pair (06h, 07h)
The Configuration registers (registers 6 and 7) configure the direction of the I/O pins. If a
bit in these registers is set to 1, the corresponding port pin is enabled as a
high-impedance input. If a bit in these registers is cleared to 0, the corresponding port pin
is enabled as an output. A register pair write operation is described in Section 8.1. A
register pair read operation is described in Section 8.2.
Table 13.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
C0.7
C0.6
C0.5
C0.4
C0.3
C0.2
C0.1
C0.0
Default
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Table 14.
Bit
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Configuration port 0 register (address 06h)
Configuration port 1 register (address 07h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
C1.7
C1.6
C1.5
C1.4
C1.3
C1.2
C1.1
C1.0
Default
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
7.4.5 Output drive strength register pairs (40h, 41h, 42h, 43h)
The Output drive strength registers control the output drive level of the GPIO. Each GPIO
can be configured independently to a certain output current level by two register control
bits. For example Port 0.7 is controlled by register 41 CC0.7 (bits [7:6]), Port 0.6 is
controlled by register 41 CC0.6 (bits [5:4]). The output drive level of the GPIO is
programmed 00b = 0.25, 01b = 0.5, 10b = 0.75 or 11b = 1 of the drive capability of
the I/O. See Section 9.2 “Output drive strength control” for more details. A register pair
write operation is described in Section 8.1. A register pair read operation is described in
Section 8.2.
Table 15.
Bit
Current control port 0 register (address 40h)
7
Symbol
Default
Table 16.
Bit
Table 17.
Bit
1
Table 18.
Bit
3
CC0.2
1
7
1
6
2
1
CC0.1
1
5
CC0.7
1
0
CC0.0
1
1
1
1
4
3
2
1
0
CC0.6
1
1
CC0.5
1
CC0.4
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
0
Current control port 1 register (address 42h)
7
6
5
CC1.3
1
4
CC1.2
1
1
CC1.1
1
CC1.0
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
0
Current control port 1 register (address 43h)
7
Symbol
Default
4
Current control port 0 register (address 41h)
Symbol
Default
5
CC0.3
Symbol
Default
6
6
5
CC1.7
1
4
CC1.6
1
1
CC1.5
1
1
CC1.4
1
1
1
7.4.6 Input latch register pair (44h, 45h)
The input latch registers (registers 44 and 45) enable and disable the input latch of the I/O
pins. These registers are effective only when the pin is configured as an input port. When
an input latch register bit is 0, the corresponding input pin state is not latched. A state
change in the corresponding input pin generates an interrupt. A read of the input register
clears the interrupt. If the input goes back to its initial logic state before the input port
register is read, then the interrupt is cleared.
When an input latch register bit is 1, the corresponding input pin state is latched. A change
of state of the input generates an interrupt and the input logic value is loaded into the
corresponding bit of the input port register (registers 0 and 1). A read of the input port
register clears the interrupt. If the input pin returns to its initial logic state before the input
port register is read, then the interrupt is not cleared and the corresponding bit of the input
port register keeps the logic value that initiated the interrupt. See Figure 16.
For example, if the P0_4 input was as logic 0 and the input goes to logic 1 then back to
logic 0, the input port 0 register will capture this change and an interrupt is generated (if
unmasked). When the read is performed on the input port 0 register, the interrupt is
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
cleared, assuming there were no additional input(s) that have changed, and bit 4 of the
input port 0 register will read ‘1’. The next read of the input port register bit 4 register
should now read ‘0’.
An interrupt remains active when a non-latched input simultaneously switches state with a
latched input and then returns to its original state. A read of the input register reflects only
the change of state of the latched input and also clears the interrupt. The interrupt is not
cleared if the input latch register changes from latched to non-latched configuration.
If the input pin is changed from latched to non-latched input, a read from the input port
register reflects the current port logic level. If the input pin is changed from non-latched to
latched input, the read from the input register reflects the latched logic level. A register
pair write operation is described in Section 8.1. A register pair read operation is described
in Section 8.2.
Table 19.
Bit
Input latch port 0 register (address 44h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
L0.7
L0.6
L0.5
L0.4
L0.3
L0.2
L0.1
L0.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 20.
Bit
Input latch port 1 register (address 45h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
L1.7
L1.6
L1.5
L1.4
L1.3
L1.2
L1.1
L1.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.4.7 Pull-up/pull-down enable register pair (46h, 47h)
These registers allow the user to enable or disable pull-up/pull-down resistors on the I/O
pins. Setting the bit to logic 1 enables the selection of pull-up/pull-down resistors. Setting
the bit to logic 0 disconnects the pull-up/pull-down resistors from the I/O pins. Also, the
resistors will be disconnected when the outputs are configured as open-drain outputs (see
Section 7.4.11). Use the pull-up/pull-down registers to select either a pull-up or pull-down
resistor. A register pair write operation is described in Section 8.1. A register pair read
operation is described in Section 8.2.
Table 21.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
PE0.7
PE0.6
PE0.5
PE0.4
PE0.3
PE0.2
PE0.1
PE0.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 22.
Bit
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Pull-up/pull-down enable port 0 register (address 46h)
Pull-up/pull-down enable port 1 register (address 47h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
PE1.7
PE1.6
PE1.5
PE1.4
PE1.3
PE1.2
PE1.1
PE1.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
7.4.8 Pull-up/pull-down selection register pair (48h, 49h)
The I/O port can be configured to have pull-up or pull-down resistor by programming the
pull-up/pull-down selection register. Setting a bit to logic 1 selects a 100 k pull-up
resistor for that I/O pin. Setting a bit to logic 0 selects a 100 k pull-down resistor for that
I/O pin. If the pull-up/down feature is disconnected, writing to this register will have no
effect on I/O pin. Typical value is 100 k with minimum of 50 k and maximum of 150 k.
A register pair write operation is described in Section 8.1. A register pair read operation is
described in Section 8.2.
Table 23.
Bit
Pull-up/pull-down selection port 0 register (address 48h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
PUD0.7
PUD0.6
PUD0.5
PUD0.4
PUD0.3
PUD0.2
PUD0.1
PUD0.0
Default
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Table 24.
Bit
Pull-up/pull-down selection port 1 register (address 49h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
PUD1.7
PUD1.6
PUD1.5
PUD1.4
PUD1.3
PUD1.2
PUD1.1
PUD1.0
Default
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7.4.9 Interrupt mask register pair (4Ah, 4Bh)
Interrupt mask registers are set to logic 1 upon power-on, disabling interrupts during
system start-up. Interrupts may be enabled by setting corresponding mask bits to logic 0.
If an input changes state and the corresponding bit in the Interrupt mask register is set
to 1, the interrupt is masked and the interrupt pin will not be asserted. If the corresponding
bit in the Interrupt mask register is set to 0, the interrupt pin will be asserted.
When an input changes state and the resulting interrupt is masked (interrupt mask bit
is 1), setting the input mask register bit to 0 will cause the interrupt pin to be asserted. If
the interrupt mask bit of an input that is currently the source of an interrupt is set to 1, the
interrupt pin will be deasserted. A register pair write operation is described in Section 8.1.
A register pair read operation is described in Section 8.2.
Table 25.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
M0.7
M0.6
M0.5
M0.4
M0.3
M0.2
M0.1
M0.0
Default
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Table 26.
Bit
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Interrupt mask port 0 register (address 4Ah) bit description
Interrupt mask port 1 register (address 4Bh) bit description
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
M1.7
M1.6
M1.5
M1.4
M1.3
M1.2
M1.1
M1.0
Default
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
7.4.10 Interrupt status register pair (4Ch, 4Dh)
These read-only registers are used to identify the source of an interrupt. When read, a
logic 1 indicates that the corresponding input pin was the source of the interrupt. A logic 0
indicates that the input pin is not the source of an interrupt.
When a corresponding bit in the interrupt mask register is set to 1 (masked), the interrupt
status bit will return logic 0. A register pair write operation is described in Section 8.1. A
register pair read operation is described in Section 8.2.
Table 27.
Bit
Interrupt status port 0 register (address 4Ch) bit description
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
S0.7
S0.6
S0.5
S0.4
S0.3
S0.2
S0.1
S0.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 28.
Bit
Interrupt status port 1 register (address 4Dh) bit description
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
S1.7
S1.6
S1.5
S1.4
S1.3
S1.2
S1.1
S1.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.4.11 Output port configuration register (4Fh)
The output port configuration register selects port-wise push-pull or open-drain I/O stage.
A logic 0 configures the I/O as push-pull (Q1 and Q2 are active, see Figure 10). A logic 1
configures the I/O as open-drain (Q1 is disabled, Q2 is active) and the recommended
command sequence is to program this register (4Fh) before the configuration register
(06h and 07h) sets the port pins as outputs.
ODEN0 configures Port 0_x and ODEN1 configures Port 1_x.
Table 29.
Bit
Output port configuration register (address 4Fh)
7
6
5
Symbol
Default
4
3
2
reserved
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
ODEN1
ODEN0
0
0
7.5 I/O port
When an I/O is configured as an input, FETs Q1 and Q2 are off, which creates a
high-impedance input. The input voltage may be raised above VDD(P) to a maximum of
5.5 V.
If the I/O is configured as an output, Q1 or Q2 is enabled, depending on the state of the
Output port register. In this case, there are low-impedance paths between the I/O pin and
either VDD(P) or VSS. The external voltage applied to this I/O pin should not exceed the
recommended levels for proper operation.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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16 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
data from
shift register
output port
register data
configuration
register
data from
shift register
D
write
configuration
pulse
CK
VDD(P)
Q
Q1
ESD
protection
diode
Q2
ESD
protection
diode
FF
Q
D
Q
FF
write pulse
CK
P0_0 to P0_7
P1_0 to P1_7
output port
register
VSS
D
Q
input port
register data
FF
read pulse
CK
VDD(P)
PULL-UP/PULL-DOWN
CONTROL
INTERRUPT
MASK
input port
register
100 kΩ
D
input latch
register
data from
shift register
D
Q
read pulse
polarity inversion
register
CK
Q
LATCH
FF
write input
latch pulse
to INT
data from
shift register
D
write polarity
pulse
CK
EN
input port
latch
Q
FF
002aag971
On power-up or reset, all registers return to default values.
Fig 10. Simplified schematic of the I/Os (P0_0 to P0_7, P1_0 to P1_7)
7.6 Power-on reset
When power (from 0 V) is applied to VDD(P), an internal power-on reset holds the
PCAL6416A in a reset condition until VDD(P) has reached VPOR. At that time, the reset
condition is released and the PCAL6416A registers and I2C-bus/SMBus state machine
initializes to their default states. After that, VDD(P) must be lowered to below VPOR and
back up to the operating voltage for a power-reset cycle. See Section 9.3 “Power-on reset
requirements”.
7.7 Reset input (RESET)
The RESET input can be asserted to initialize the system while keeping the VDD(P) at its
operating level. A reset can be accomplished by holding the RESET pin LOW for a
minimum of tw(rst). The PCAL6416A registers and I2C-bus/SMBus state machine are
changed to their default state once RESET is LOW (0). When RESET is HIGH (1), the I/O
levels at the P port can be changed externally or through the master. This input requires a
pull-up resistor to VDD(I2C-bus) if no active connection is used.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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17 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
7.8 Interrupt output (INT)
An interrupt is generated by any rising or falling edge of the port inputs in the Input mode.
After time tv(INT), the signal INT is valid. The interrupt is reset when data on the port
changes back to the original value or when data is read from the port that generated the
interrupt (see Figure 16). Resetting occurs in the Read mode at the acknowledge (ACK)
or not acknowledge (NACK) bit after the rising edge of the SCL signal. Interrupts that
occur during the ACK or NACK clock pulse can be lost (or be very short) due to the
resetting of the interrupt during this pulse. Any change of the I/Os after resetting is
detected and is transmitted as INT.
A pin configured as an output cannot cause an interrupt. Changing an I/O from an output
to an input may cause a false interrupt to occur, if the state of the pin does not match the
contents of the Input Port register.
The INT output has an open-drain structure and requires pull-up resistor to VDD(P) or
VDD(I2C-bus), depending on the application. INT should be connected to the voltage source
of the device that requires the interrupt information.
When using the input latch feature, the input pin state is latched. The interrupt is reset only
when data is read from the port that generated the interrupt. The reset occurs in the
Read mode at the acknowledge (ACK) or not acknowledge (NACK) bit after the rising
edge of the SCL signal.
8. Bus transactions
The PCAL6416A is an I2C-bus slave device. Data is exchanged between the master and
PCAL6416A through write and read commands using I2C-bus. The two communication
lines are a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). Both lines must be
connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor when connected to the output stages
of a device. Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy.
8.1 Write commands
Data is transmitted to the PCAL6416A by sending the device address and setting the
Least Significant Bit (LSB) to a logic 0 (see Figure 8 for device address). The command
byte is sent after the address and determines which register receives the data that follows
the command byte.
Twenty-two registers within the PCAL6416A are configured to operate as eleven register
pairs. The eleven pairs are input port, output port, polarity inversion, configuration, output
drive strength (two 16-bit registers), input latch, pull-up/pull-down enable,
pull-up/pull-down selection, interrupt mask, and interrupt status registers. After sending
data to one register, the next data byte is sent to the other register in the pair (see
Figure 11 and Figure 12). For example, if the first byte is sent to Output Port 1 (register 3),
the next byte is stored in Output Port 0 (register 2).
There is no limit on the number of data bytes sent in one write transmission. In this way,
the host can continuously update a register pair independently of the other registers.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
18 of 54
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
slave address
0
SDA S
1
0
0
START condition
A
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
acknowledge
from slave
1
0
A 0.7
STOP
condition
data to port 1
data to port 0
command byte
AD
0 DR 0
0
NXP Semiconductors
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
SCL
DATA 0
0.0 A 1.7
acknowledge
from slave
DATA 1
1.0 A
P
acknowledge
from slave
acknowledge
from slave
write to port
tv(Q)
DATA 0 VALID
tv(Q)
DATA 1 VALID
data out from port 1
002aaf556
Fig 11. Write to Output port register
SCL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
slave address
0
1
0
0
0
START condition
0 AD 0
DR
R/W
A
0 1/0 0
19 of 54
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
acknowledge
from slave
0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 A
MSB
acknowledge
from slave
STOP
condition
data to register
DATA 0
A
LSB
MSB
acknowledge
from slave
DATA 1
A
P
LSB
acknowledge
from slave
002aag972
Fig 12. Write to device registers
PCAL6416A
SDA S
data to register
command byte
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
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data out from port 0
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
8.2 Read commands
To read data from the PCAL6416A, the bus master must first send the PCAL6416A
address with the least significant bit set to a logic 0 (see Figure 8 for device address).
The command byte is sent after the address and determines which register is to be
accessed.
After a restart, the device address is sent again, but this time the least significant bit is set
to a logic 1. Data from the register defined by the command byte is sent by the
PCAL6416A (see Figure 13 and Figure 16). Data is clocked into the register on the rising
edge of the ACK clock pulse. After the first byte is read, additional bytes may be read, but
the data now reflects the information in the other register in the pair. For example, if
Input Port 1 is read, the next byte read is Input Port 0.There is no limit on the number of
data bytes received in one read transmission, but on the final byte received the bus
master must not acknowledge the data.
After a subsequent restart, the command byte contains the value of the next register to be
read in the pair. For example, if Input Port 1 was read last before the restart, the register
that is read after the restart is the Input Port 0.
command byte
slave address
SDA S
0
1
0
0
0 AD 0
DR
0
START condition
A
0 1/0 0
R/W
(cont.)
0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 A
acknowledge
from slave
acknowledge
from slave
data from lower or
upper byte of register
slave address
(cont.) S
0
1
0
0
(repeated)
START condition
0
MSB
0 AD 1
DR
A
R/W
acknowledge
from slave
data from upper or
lower byte of register
LSB
DATA (first byte)
MSB
A
acknowledge
from master
LSB
DATA (last byte)
NA
no acknowledge
from master
at this moment master-transmitter becomes master-receiver
and slave-receiver becomes slave-transmitter
P
STOP
condition
002aah046
Fig 13. Read from device registers
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
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NXP Semiconductors
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
data into port 0
data into port 1
tv(INT)
SCL
1
2
3
4
trst(INT)
5
6
slave address
SDA S
0
1
0
0
START condition
0
7
8
9
R/W
AD
0 DR 1
I0.x
A
acknowledge
from slave
7
6
5
4
3
I1.x
2
1
0
A
acknowledge
from master
7
6
5
4
3
I0.x
2
1
0
A
acknowledge
from master
7
6
5
4
3
STOP condition
I1.x
2
1
0
A
acknowledge
from master
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
P
non acknowledge
from master
read from port 0
read from port 1
002aah143
This figure eliminates the command byte transfers and a restart between the initial slave address call and actual data transfer from P port (see Figure 13).
Fig 14. Read input port register (non-latched), scenario 1
PCAL6416A
21 of 54
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
Remark: Transfer of data can be stopped at any moment by a STOP condition. When this occurs, data present at the latest acknowledge phase is valid (output mode).
It is assumed that the command byte has previously been set to ‘00’ (read input port register).
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
INT
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
DATA 00
DATA 01
DATA 02
DATA 03
tsu(D)
th(D)
data into port 1
NXP Semiconductors
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
data into port 0
DATA 10
DATA 11
DATA 12
tsu(D)
th(D)
tv(INT)
SCL
1
2
3
4
trst(INT)
5
6
slave address
SDA S
0
1
0
0
START condition
0
7
8
9
R/W
AD
0 DR 1
I0.x
A
acknowledge
from slave
I1.x
DATA 00
A
acknowledge
from master
DATA 10
I0.x
A
acknowledge
from master
DATA 03
I1.x
A
acknowledge
from master
STOP condition
DATA 12
1
P
non acknowledge
from master
read from port 0
read from port 1
002aah144
This figure eliminates the command byte transfers and a restart between the initial slave address call and actual data transfer from P port (see Figure 13).
Fig 15. Read input port register (non-latched), scenario 2
PCAL6416A
22 of 54
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
Remark: Transfer of data can be stopped at any moment by a STOP condition. When this occurs, data present at the latest acknowledge phase is valid (output mode).
It is assumed that the command byte has previously been set to ‘00’ (read input port register).
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
INT
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
DATA 01
DATA 02
NXP Semiconductors
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
data into port 0
DATA 01
tsu(D)
data into port 1
DATA 10
DATA 11
DATA 10
I1.x
I0.x
th(D)
tv(INT)
SCL
1
2
3
4
trst(INT)
5
6
slave address
SDA S
0
1
0
0
START condition
0
7
8
9
R/W
AD
0 DR 1
I0.x
A
acknowledge
from slave
DATA 01
A
acknowledge
from master
DATA 10
A
acknowledge
from master
DATA 02
I1.x
A
acknowledge
from master
STOP condition
DATA 11
1
P
non acknowledge
from master
read from port 0
read from port 1
002aah054
This figure eliminates the command byte transfers and a restart between the initial slave address call and actual data transfer from P port (see Figure 13).
Fig 16. Read input port register (latch enabled), scenario 3
PCAL6416A
23 of 54
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
Remark: Transfer of data can be stopped at any moment by a STOP condition. When this occurs, data present at the latest acknowledge phase is valid (output mode).
It is assumed that the command byte has previously been set to ‘00’ (read input port register).
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
INT
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
9. Application design-in information
VDD(I2C-bus)
VDD(P)
10 kΩ (×7)
VDD(I2C-bus) = 1.8 V
10 kΩ
VDD
10 kΩ
10 kΩ
SUBSYSTEM 1
(e.g., alarm system)
10 kΩ
VDD(I2C-bus)
MASTER
CONTROLLER
SCL
SDA
INT
RESET
ALARM(1)
SCL
SDA
VDD(P)
P0_0
P0_1
A
controlled
switch
enable
PCAL6416A
B
INT
RESET
P0_2
P0_3
GND
P0_4
P0_5
P0_6
P0_7
P1_0
KEYPAD
P1_1
P1_2
P1_3
ADDR
P1_4
P1_5
P1_6
GND
P1_7
002aaf965
Device address configured as 0100 000x for this example.
P0_0 and P0_2 through P1_0 are configured as inputs.
P0_1 and P1_1 through P1_7 are configured as outputs.
(1) External resistors are required for inputs (on P port) that may float. Also, internal pull-up or pull-down may be used to eliminate
the need for external components. If a driver to an input will never let the input float, a resistor is not needed. If an output in the
P port is configured as a push-pull output there is no need for external pull-up resistors. If an output in the P port is configured
as an open-drain output, external pull-up resistors are required.
Fig 17. Typical application
9.1 Minimizing IDD when the I/Os are used to control LEDs
When the I/Os are used to control LEDs, they are normally connected to VDD through a
resistor as shown in Figure 17. Since the LED acts as a diode, when the LED is off the I/O
VI is about 1.2 V less than VDD(P). The supply current, IDD(P), increases as VI becomes
lower than VDD(P).
Designs needing to minimize current consumption, such as battery power applications,
should consider maintaining the I/O pins greater than or equal to VDD when the LED is off.
Figure 18 shows a high value resistor in parallel with the LED. Figure 19 shows VDD(P)
less than the LED supply voltage by at least 1.2 V. Both of these methods maintain the I/O
VI at or above VDD(P) and prevents additional supply current consumption when the LED is
off.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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24 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
3.3 V
VDD
VDD(P)
LED
5V
VDD(P)
100 kΩ
LED
Pn
Pn
002aah278
Fig 18. High value resistor in parallel with
the LED
002aah279
Fig 19. Device supplied by a lower voltage
9.2 Output drive strength control
The Output drive strength registers allow the user to control the output drive level of the
GPIO. Each GPIO can be configured independently to one of the four possible output
current levels. By programming these bits the user is changing the number of transistor
pairs or ‘fingers’ that drive the I/O pad.
Figure 20 shows a simplified output stage. The behavior of the pad is affected by the
Configuration register, the output port data, and the current control register. When the
Current Control register bits are programmed to 10b, then only two of the fingers are
active, reducing the current drive capability by 50 %.
PMOS_EN0
VDD(P)
PMOS_EN1
Current Control
register
PMOS_EN[3:0]
DECODER
NMOS_EN[3:0]
PMOS_EN2
Configuration
register
PMOS_EN3
P0_0 to P0_7
P1_0 to P1_7
Output port
register
NMOS_EN3
NMOS_EN2
NMOS_EN1
NMOS_EN0
002aah053
Fig 20. Simplified output stage
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Reducing the current drive capability may be desirable to reduce system noise. When the
output switches (transitions from H/L), there is a peak current that is a function of the
output drive selection. This peak current runs through VDD and VSS package inductance
and will create noise (some radiated, but more critically Simultaneous Switching Noise
(SSN)). In other words, switching many outputs at the same time will create ground and
supply noise. The output drive strength control through the Output Drive Strength
registers allows the user to mitigate SSN issues without the need of additional external
components.
9.3 Power-on reset requirements
In the event of a glitch or data corruption, PCAL6416A can be reset to its default
conditions by using the power-on reset feature. Power-on reset requires that the device
go through a power cycle to be completely reset. This reset also happens when the device
is powered on for the first time in an application.
The two types of power-on reset are shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22.
VDD(P)
ramp-up
ramp-down
re-ramp-up
td(rst)
time
(dV/dt)r
(dV/dt)f
time to re-ramp
when VDD(P) drops
below 0.2 V or to VSS
(dV/dt)r
002aag960
Fig 21. VDD(P) is lowered below 0.2 V or to 0 V and then ramped up to VDD(P)
VDD(P)
ramp-down
ramp-up
td(rst)
VI drops below POR levels
(dV/dt)f
time to re-ramp
when VDD(P) drops
to VPOR(min) − 50 mV
time
(dV/dt)r
002aag961
Fig 22. VDD(P) is lowered below the POR threshold, then ramped back up to VDD(P)
Table 30 specifies the performance of the power-on reset feature for PCAL6416A for both
types of power-on reset.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Table 30. Recommended supply sequencing and ramp rates
Tamb = 25 C (unless otherwise noted). Not tested; specified by design.
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
(dV/dt)f
fall rate of change of voltage
Figure 21
0.1
-
2000
ms
(dV/dt)r
rise rate of change of voltage
Figure 21
0.1
-
2000
ms
td(rst)
reset delay time
Figure 21; re-ramp time when
VDD(P) drops below 0.2 V or to VSS)
1
-
-
s
Figure 22; re-ramp time when VDD(P)
drops to VPOR(min) 50 mV)
1
-
-
s
VDD(gl)
glitch supply voltage difference
Figure 23
[1]
-
-
1.0
V
[2]
-
-
10
s
tw(gl)VDD
supply voltage glitch pulse width
Figure 23
VPOR(trip)
power-on reset trip voltage
falling VDD(P)
0.7
-
-
V
rising VDD(P)
-
-
1.4
V
[1]
Level that VDD(P) can glitch down to with a ramp rate = 0.4 s/V, but not cause a functional disruption when tw(gl)VDD < 1 s.
[2]
Glitch width that will not cause a functional disruption when VDD(gl) = 0.5 VDD(P).
Glitches in the power supply can also affect the power-on reset performance of this
device. The glitch width (tw(gl)VDD) and glitch height (VDD(gl)) are dependent on each
other. The bypass capacitance, source impedance, and device impedance are factors that
affect power-on reset performance. Figure 23 and Table 30 provide more information on
how to measure these specifications.
VDD(P)
∆VDD(gl)
tw(gl)VDD
time
002aag962
Fig 23. Glitch width and glitch height
VPOR is critical to the power-on reset. VPOR is the voltage level at which the reset condition
is released and all the registers and the I2C-bus/SMBus state machine are initialized to
their default states. The value of VPOR differs based on the VDD(P) being lowered to or from
0 V. Figure 24 and Table 30 provide more details on this specification.
VDD(P)
VPOR (rising VDD(P))
VPOR (falling VDD(P))
time
POR
time
002aag963
Fig 24. Power-on reset voltage (VPOR)
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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27 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
9.4 Device current consumption with internal pull-up and pull-down
resistors
The PCAL6416A integrates programmable pull-up and pull-down resistors to eliminate
external components when pins are configured as inputs and pull-up or pull-down
resistors are required (for example, nothing is driving the inputs to the power supply rails.
Since these pull-up and pull-down resistors are internal to the device itself, they contribute
to the current consumption of the device and must be considered in the overall system
design.
The pull-up or pull-down function is selected in registers 48h and 49h, while the resistor is
connected by the enable registers 46h and 47h. The configuration of the resistors is
shown in Figure 10.
If the resistor is configured as a pull-up, that is, connected to VDD, a current will flow from
the VDD(P) pin through the resistor to ground when the pin is held LOW. This current will
appear as additional IDD upsetting any current consumption measurements.
In the same manner, if the resistor is configured as a pull-down and the pin is held HIGH,
current will flow from the power supply through the pin to the VSS pin. While this current
will not be measured as part of IDD, one must be mindful of the 200 mA limiting value
through VSS.
The pull-up and pull-down resistors are simple resistors and the current is linear with
voltage. The resistance specification for these devices spans from 50 k with a nominal
100 k value. Any current flow through these resistors is additive by the number of pins
held HIGH or LOW and the current can be calculated by Ohm’s law. See Figure 28 for a
graph of supply current versus the number of pull-up resistors.
9.5 I2C-bus error recovery techniques
There are a number of techniques to recover from error conditions on the I2C-bus. Slave
devices like the PCAL6416A use a state machine to implement the I2C protocol and
expect a certain sequence of events to occur to function properly. Unexpected events at
the I2C master can wreak havoc with the slaves connected on the bus. However, it is
usually possible to recover deterministically to a known bus state with careful protocol
manipulation.
A hard slave reset, either through power-on reset or by activating the RESET pin, will set
the device back into the default state. Of course, this means the input/output pins and
their configuration will be lost, which might cause some system issues.
A STOP condition, which is only initiated by the master, will reset the slave state machine
into a known condition where SDA is not driven LOW by the slave and logically, the slave
is waiting for a START condition. A STOP condition is defined as SDA transitioning from
LOW to HIGH while SCL is HIGH.
If the master is interrupted during a packet transmission, the slave may be sending data or
performing an Acknowledge, driving the I2C-bus SDA line LOW. Since SDA is LOW, it
effectively blocks any other I2C-bus transaction. A deterministic method to clear this
situation, once the master recognizes a ‘stuck bus’ state, is for the master to blindly
transmit nine clocks on SCL. If the slave was transmitting data or acknowledging, nine or
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
more clocks ensures the slave state machine returns to a known, idle state since the
protocol calls for eight data bits and one ACK bit. It does not matter when the slave state
machine finishes its transmission, extra clocks will be recognized as STOP conditions.
The PCAL6416A SCL pin is an input only. If SCL is stuck LOW, then only the bus master
or a slave performing a clock stretch operation can cause this condition.
With careful design of the bus master error recovery firmware, many I2C-bus protocol
problems can be avoided.
10. Limiting values
Table 31. Limiting values
In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134).
Symbol
Parameter
VDD(I2C-bus)
I2C-bus
Conditions
Min
Max
Unit
0.5
+6.5
V
VDD(P)
supply voltage port P
VI
input voltage
[1]
0.5
+6.5
V
0.5
+6.5
V
VO
output voltage
[1]
0.5
+6.5
V
IIK
input clamping current
ADDR, RESET, SCL; VI < 0 V
-
20
mA
IOK
output clamping current
INT; VO < 0 V
-
20
mA
input/output clamping current
P port; VO < 0 V or VO > VDD(P)
-
20
IIOK
mA
SDA; VO < 0 V or VO > VDD(I2C-bus)
-
20
mA
continuous; P port; VO = 0 V to VDD(P)
-
50
mA
continuous; SDA, INT;
VO = 0 V to VDD(I2C-bus)
-
25
mA
supply voltage
LOW-level output current
IOL
IOH
HIGH-level output current
continuous; P port; VO = 0 V to VDD(P)
-
25
mA
IDD
supply current
continuous through VSS
-
200
mA
IDD(P)
supply current port P
continuous through VDD(P)
-
160
mA
IDD(I2C-bus)
I2C-bus supply current
continuous through VDD(I2C-bus)
-
10
mA
Tstg
storage temperature
65
+150
C
Tj(max)
maximum junction temperature
-
125
C
[1]
The input negative-voltage and output voltage ratings may be exceeded if the input and output current ratings are observed.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
29 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
11. Recommended operating conditions
Table 32.
Operating conditions
Symbol
Parameter
VDD(I2C-bus)
I2C-bus
VDD(P)
supply voltage port P
VIH
HIGH-level input voltage
Conditions
supply voltage
LOW-level input voltage
VIL
Min
Max
Unit
1.65
5.5
V
1.65
5.5
V
SCL, SDA, RESET
0.7 VDD(I2C-bus)
5.5
V
ADDR, P1_7 to P0_0
0.7 VDD(P)
5.5
V
SCL, SDA, RESET
0.5
0.3 VDD(I2C-bus)
V
ADDR, P1_7 to P0_0
0.5
0.3 VDD(P)
V
IOH
HIGH-level output current
P1_7 to P0_0
-
10
mA
IOL
LOW-level output current
P1_7 to P0_0
-
25
mA
Tamb
ambient temperature
operating in free air
40
+85
C
12. Thermal characteristics
Table 33.
Symbol
Zth(j-a)
[1]
Thermal characteristics
Parameter
Conditions
transient thermal impedance
from junction to ambient
Max
Unit
TSSOP24 package
[1]
88
K/W
HWQFN24 package
[1]
66
K/W
VFBGA24 package
[1]
171
K/W
The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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30 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
13. Static characteristics
Table 34. Static characteristics
Tamb = 40 C to +85 C; VDD(I2C-bus) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V; unless otherwise specified.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ[1]
Max
Unit
VIK
input clamping voltage
II = 18 mA
1.2
-
-
V
VPOR
power-on reset voltage
VI = VDD(P) or VSS; IO = 0 mA
-
1.1
1.4
V
VOH
HIGH-level output
voltage[2]
P port; IOH = 8 mA; CCX.X = 11b
VDD(P) = 1.65 V
1.2
-
-
V
VDD(P) = 2.3 V
1.8
-
-
V
VDD(P) = 3 V
2.6
-
-
V
VDD(P) = 4.5 V
4.1
-
-
V
VDD(P) = 1.65 V
1.1
-
-
V
VDD(P) = 2.3 V
1.7
-
-
V
VDD(P) = 3 V
2.5
-
-
V
VDD(P) = 4.5 V
4.0
-
-
V
-
-
0.45
V
P port; IOH = 2.5 mA and CCX.X = 00b;
IOH = 5 mA and CCX.X = 01b;
IOH = 7.5 mA and CCX.X = 10b;
IOH = 10 mA and CCX.X = 11b;
VOL
LOW-level
output voltage[2]
P port; IOL = 8 mA; CCX.X = 11b
VDD(P) = 1.65 V
VDD(P) = 2.3 V
-
-
0.25
V
VDD(P) = 3 V
-
-
0.25
V
VDD(P) = 4.5 V
-
-
0.2
V
-
-
0.5
V
P port; IOL = 2.5 mA and CCX.X = 00b;
IOL = 5 mA and CCX.X = 01b;
IOL = 7.5 mA and CCX.X = 10b;
IOL = 10 mA and CCX.X = 11b;
VDD(P) = 1.65 V
IOL
II
LOW-level
output current[3]
input current
VDD(P) = 2.3 V
-
-
0.3
V
VDD(P) = 3 V
-
-
0.25
V
VDD(P) = 4.5 V
-
-
0.2
V
SDA
3
-
-
mA
INT
3
15[4]
-
mA
SCL, SDA, RESET; VI = VDD(I2C-bus) or VSS
-
-
1
A
ADDR; VI = VDD(P) or VSS
VOL = 0.4 V; VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V
VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V
-
-
1
A
IIH
HIGH-level input current P port; VI = VDD(P); VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V
-
-
1
A
IIL
LOW-level input current
-
-
1
A
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
P port; VI = VSS; VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V
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PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Table 34. Static characteristics …continued
Tamb = 40 C to +85 C; VDD(I2C-bus) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V; unless otherwise specified.
Min
Typ[1]
Max
Unit
VDD(P) = 3.6 V to 5.5 V
-
10
25
A
VDD(P) = 2.3 V to 3.6 V
-
6.5
15
A
VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 2.3 V
-
4
9
A
VDD(P) = 3.6 V to 5.5 V
-
1.5
7
A
VDD(P) = 2.3 V to 3.6 V
-
1
3.2
A
VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 2.3 V
-
0.5
1.7
A
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
IDD
supply current
IDD(I2C-bus) + IDD(P);
SDA, P port, ADDR, RESET;
VI on SDA and RESET = VDD(I2C-bus) or VSS;
VI on P port and ADDR = VDD(P);
IO = 0 mA; I/O = inputs; fSCL = 400 kHz
IDD(I2C-bus) + IDD(P);
SCL, SDA, P port, ADDR, RESET;
VI on SCL, SDA and RESET = VDD(I2C-bus) or VSS;
VI on P port and ADDR = VDD(P);
IO = 0 mA; I/O = inputs; fSCL = 0 kHz
Active mode; IDD(I2C-bus) + IDD(P);
P port, ADDR, RESET;
VI on RESET = VDD(I2C-bus);
VI on P port and ADDR = VDD(P);
IO = 0 mA; I/O = inputs;
fSCL = 400 kHz, continuous register read
VDD(P) = 3.6 V to 5.5 V
-
60
125
A
VDD(P) = 2.3 V to 3.6 V
-
40
75
A
VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 2.3 V
-
20
45
A
-
1.1
1.5
mA
SCL, SDA, RESET;
one input at VDD(I2C-bus) 0.6 V,
other inputs at VDD(I2C-bus) or VSS;
VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V
-
-
25
A
P port, ADDR; one input at VDD(P) 0.6 V,
other inputs at VDD(P) or VSS;
VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V
-
-
80
A
VI = VDD(I2C-bus) or VSS; VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V
-
6
7
pF
-
7
8
pF
with pull-ups enabled (PCAL6416A only);
IDD(I2C-bus) + IDD(P); P port, ADDR, RESET;
VI on SCL, SDA and RESET = VDD(I2C-bus) or VSS;
VI on P port = VSS;
VI on ADDR = VDD(I2C-bus) or VSS;
IO = 0 mA; I/O = inputs with pull-up enabled;
fSCL = 0 kHz
VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V
IDD
additional quiescent
supply current[5]
Ci
input capacitance
Cio
input/output capacitance VI/O = VDD(I2C-bus) or VSS; VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V
VI/O = VDD(P) or VSS; VDD(P) = 1.65 V to 5.5 V
-
7.5
8.5
pF
Rpu(int)
internal pull-up
resistance
input/output
50
100
150
k
Rpd(int)
internal pull-down
resistance
input/output
50
100
150
k
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
32 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
[1]
For IDD, all typical values are at nominal supply voltage (1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 3.6 V or 5 V VDD) and Tamb = 25 C. Except for IDD, the
typical values are at VDD(P) = VDD(I2C-bus) = 3.3 V and Tamb = 25 C.
[2]
The total current sourced by all I/Os must be limited to 160 mA.
[3]
Each I/O must be externally limited to a maximum of 25 mA and each octal (P0_0 to P0_7 and P1_0 to P1_7) must be limited to a
maximum current of 100 mA, for a device total of 200 mA.
[4]
Typical value for Tamb = 25 C. VOL = 0.4 V and VDD(I2C-bus) = VDD(P) = 3.3 V. Typical value for VDD(I2C-bus) = VDD(P) < 2.5 V, VOL = 0.6 V.
[5]
Internal pull-up/pull-down resistors disabled.
13.1 Typical characteristics
002aag973
20
IDD
(μA)
002aag974
1400
IDD(stb)
(nA)
16
VDD(P) = 5.5 V
5.0 V
3.6 V
12
3.3 V
2.5 V
2.3 V
8
VDD(P) = 5.5 V
5.0 V
3.6 V
3.3 V
1000
800
600
400
2.5 V
2.3 V
1.8 V
1.65 V
4
0
−40
200
VDD(P) = 1.8 V
1.65 V
−15
10
35
60
85
Tamb (°C)
0
−40
−15
10
35
60
85
Tamb (°C)
IDD = IDD(I2C-bus) + IDD(P)
Fig 25. Supply current versus ambient temperature
002aag975
20
IDD
(μA)
16
Fig 26. Standby supply current versus
ambient temperature
002aah201
1.2
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
IDD(P)
(mA)
0.8
12
8
0.4
4
0
1.5
0
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
VDD(P) (V)
0
4
8
12
16
number of I/O held LOW
Tamb = 25 C
IDD = IDD(I2C-bus) + IDD(P)
Fig 27. Supply current versus supply voltage
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Fig 28. Supply current versus number of I/O held LOW
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© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
33 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Isink
(mA)
002aaf578
35
Isink
(mA)
30
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
25
002aaf579
35
30
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0
0.1
0.2
VOL (V)
a. VDD(P) = 1.65 V
Isink
(mA)
b. VDD(P) = 1.8 V
002aaf580
50
002aaf581
60
Isink
(mA)
40
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
30
0.3
VOL (V)
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
40
20
20
10
0
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0
0.1
0.2
VOL (V)
c. VDD(P) = 2.5 V
Isink
(mA)
d. VDD(P) = 3.3 V
002aaf582
70
Isink
(mA)
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
60
50
0.3
VOL (V)
002aaf583
70
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
60
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0
0.1
VOL (V)
e. VDD(P) = 5.0 V
0.2
0.3
VOL (V)
f. VDD(P) = 5.5 V
Fig 29. I/O sink current versus LOW-level output voltage with CCX.X = 11b
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
34 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
002aaf561
30
Isource
(mA)
Isource
(mA)
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
20
002aaf562
35
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
30
25
20
15
10
10
5
0
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
VDD(P) − VOH (V)
a. VDD(P) = 1.65 V
0
002aaf563
Isource
(mA)
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
40
0.4
0.6
VDD(P) − VOH (V)
b. VDD(P) = 1.8 V
60
Isource
(mA)
0.2
002aaf564
70
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
60
50
40
30
20
20
10
0
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
VDD(P) − VOH (V)
c. VDD(P) = 2.5 V
002aaf565
0.4
0.6
VDD(P) − VOH (V)
002aaf566
90
Isource
(mA)
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
60
0.2
d. VDD(P) = 3.3 V
90
Isource
(mA)
0
Tamb = −40 °C
25 °C
85 °C
60
30
30
0
0
0
0.2
e. VDD(P) = 5.0 V
0.4
0.6
VDD(P) − VOH (V)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
VDD(P) − VOH (V)
f. VDD(P) = 5.5 V
Fig 30. I/O source current versus HIGH-level output voltage with CCX.X = 11b
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
35 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
VOL
(mV)
002aah056
120
100
002aah057
200
VDD(P) − VOH (mV)
160
(1)
80
120
VDD(P) = 1.8 V
5V
60
(2)
80
40
(4)
20
0
−40
40
(3)
−15
10
35
60
85
Tamb (°C)
0
−40
−15
10
35
60
85
Tamb (°C)
Isource = 10 mA
(1) VDD(P) = 1.8 V; Isink = 10 mA
(2) VDD(P) = 5 V; Isink = 10 mA
(3) VDD(P) = 1.8 V; Isink = 1 mA
(4) VDD(P) = 5 V; Isink = 1 mA
Fig 31. LOW-level output voltage versus temperature
with CCX.X = 11b
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
Fig 32. I/O high voltage versus temperature with
CCX.X = 11b
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
36 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
14. Dynamic characteristics
Table 35. I2C-bus interface timing requirements
Over recommended operating free air temperature range, unless otherwise specified. See Figure 34.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Standard-mode
I2C-bus
Fast-mode
I2C-bus
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
fSCL
SCL clock frequency
0
100
0
400
tHIGH
HIGH period of the SCL clock
4
-
0.6
-
s
tLOW
LOW period of the SCL clock
4.7
-
1.3
-
s
tSP
pulse width of spikes that must
be suppressed by the input filter
0
50
0
50
ns
tSU;DAT
data set-up time
250
-
100
-
ns
tHD;DAT
data hold time
0
-
0
-
ns
kHz
tr
rise time of both SDA and SCL signals
-
1000
20
300
ns
tf
fall time of both SDA and SCL signals
-
300
20
(VDD / 5.5 V)
300
ns
tBUF
bus free time between a STOP and
START condition
4.7
-
1.3
-
s
tSU;STA
set-up time for a repeated START
condition
4.7
-
0.6
-
s
tHD;STA
hold time (repeated) START condition
4
-
0.6
-
s
tSU;STO
set-up time for STOP condition
4
-
0.6
-
s
tVD;DAT
data valid time
SCL LOW to SDA
output valid
-
3.45
-
0.9
s
tVD;ACK
data valid acknowledge time
ACK signal
from SCL LOW
to SDA (out) LOW
-
3.45
-
0.9
s
Table 36. Reset timing requirements
Over recommended operating free air temperature range, unless otherwise specified. See Figure 36.
Symbol
Parameter
tw(rst)
reset pulse width
trec(rst)
reset recovery time
trst
reset time
[1]
Conditions
Standard-mode
I2C-bus
[1]
Fast-mode
I2C-bus
Unit
Min
Max
Min
Max
30
-
30
-
ns
200
-
200
-
ns
600
-
600
-
ns
Minimum time for SDA to become HIGH or minimum time to wait before doing a START.
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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37 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
Table 37. Switching characteristics
Over recommended operating free air temperature range; CL 100 pF; unless otherwise specified. See Figure 35.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Standard-mode
I2C-bus
Fast-mode
I2C-bus
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit
tv(INT)
valid time on pin INT
from P port to INT
-
1
-
1
s
trst(INT)
reset time on pin INT
from SCL to INT
-
1
-
1
s
tv(Q)
data output valid time
from SCL to P port
-
400
-
400
ns
tsu(D)
data input set-up time
from P port to SCL
0
-
0
-
ns
th(D)
data input hold time
from P port to SCL
300
-
300
-
ns
15. Parameter measurement information
VDD(I2C-bus)
RL = 1 kΩ
DUT
SDA
CL = 50 pF
002aag977
a. SDA load configuration
two bytes for read Input port register(1)
STOP
START
condition condition
(P)
(S)
Address
Bit 7
(MSB)
Address
Bit 1
R/W
Bit 0
(LSB)
ACK
(A)
Data
Bit 7
(MSB)
Data
Bit 0
(LSB)
STOP
condition
(P)
002aag952
b. Transaction format
tHIGH
tLOW
tSP
0.7 × VDD(I2C-bus)
0.3 × VDD(I2C-bus)
SCL
tBUF
tVD;DAT
tr
tf
tf(o)
tVD;ACK
tSU;STA
0.7 × VDD(I2C-bus)
SDA
tf
tHD;STA
tr
0.3 × VDD(I2C-bus)
tVD;ACK
tSU;DAT
tSU;STO
tHD;DAT
repeat START condition
STOP condition
002aag978
c. Voltage waveforms
CL includes probe and jig capacitance.
All inputs are supplied by generators having the following characteristics: PRR 10 MHz; Zo = 50 ; tr/tf 30 ns.
All parameters and waveforms are not applicable to all devices.
Byte 1 = I2C-bus address; Byte 2, byte 3 = P port data.
(1) See Figure 16.
Fig 33. I2C-bus interface load circuit and voltage waveforms
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
38 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
VDD(I2C-bus)
RL = 4.7 kΩ
INT
DUT
CL = 100 pF
002aag979
a. Interrupt load configuration
acknowledge
from slave
START condition
R/W
8 bits (one data byte)
from port
slave address
SDA S
SCL
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
4
0
5
0 AD 1
DR
6
7
8
acknowledge
from slave
DATA 1
A
no acknowledge
from master
STOP
condition
data from port
A
DATA 2
1
P
9
B
trst(INT) B
trst(INT)
INT
tv(INT)
data into
port
A
A
tsu(D)
ADDRESS
INT
DATA 1
0.5 × VDD(I2C-bus)
SCL
DATA 2
R/W
0.3 × VDD(I2C-bus)
tv(INT)
trst(INT)
0.5 × VDD(P)
Pn
0.7 × VDD(I2C-bus)
A
0.5 × VDD(I2C-bus)
INT
View A - A
View B - B
002aag980
b. Voltage waveforms
CL includes probe and jig capacitance.
All inputs are supplied by generators having the following characteristics: PRR 10 MHz; Zo = 50 ; tr/tf 30 ns.
All parameters and waveforms are not applicable to all devices.
Fig 34. Interrupt load circuit and voltage waveforms
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
39 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
500 Ω
Pn
DUT
2 × VDD(P)
CL = 50 pF
500 Ω
002aag981
a. P port load configuration
SCL
P0
A
P7
0.7 × VDD(I2C-bus)
0.3 × VDD(I2C-bus)
SDA
tv(Q)
Pn
unstable
data
last stable bit
A
P7
002aag982
b. Write mode (R/W = 0)
SCL
P0
0.7 × VDD(I2C-bus)
0.3 × VDD(I2C-bus)
tsu(D)
th(D)
Pn
0.5 × VDD(P)
002aag983
c. Read mode (R/W = 1)
CL includes probe and jig capacitance.
tv(Q) is measured from 0.7 VDD on SCL to 50 % I/O (Pn) output.
All inputs are supplied by generators having the following characteristics: PRR 10 MHz; Zo = 50 ; tr/tf 30 ns.
The outputs are measured one at a time, with one transition per measurement.
All parameters and waveforms are not applicable to all devices.
Fig 35. P port load circuit and voltage waveforms
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
40 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
VDD(I2C-bus)
RL = 1 kΩ
SDA
DUT
500 Ω
Pn
DUT
CL = 50 pF
2 × VDD(P)
CL = 50 pF
500 Ω
002aag977
002aag981
a. SDA load configuration
b. P port load configuration
START
SCL
ACK or read cycle
SDA
0.3 × VDD(I2C-bus)
trst
RESET
0.5 × VDD(I2C-bus)
trec(rst)
tw(rst)
trec(rst)
trst
Pn
0.5 × VDD(P)
002aag984
c. RESET timing
CL includes probe and jig capacitance.
All inputs are supplied by generators having the following characteristics: PRR 10 MHz; Zo = 50 ; tr/tf 30 ns.
The outputs are measured one at a time, with one transition per measurement.
I/Os are configured as inputs.
All parameters and waveforms are not applicable to all devices.
Fig 36. Reset load circuits and voltage waveforms
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
41 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
16. Package outline
HWQFN24: plastic thermal enhanced very very thin quad flat package; no leads;
24 terminals; body 4 x 4 x 0.75 mm
B
D
SOT994-1
A
terminal 1
index area
E
A
A1
c
detail X
e1
1/2 e
∅v
∅w
b
e
7
12
M
M
C
C A B
C
y1 C
y
L
13
6
e
e2
Eh
1/2 e
1
18
terminal 1
index area
24
19
X
Dh
0
2.5
5 mm
scale
DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions)
UNIT
A(1)
max
A1
b
c
D(1)
Dh
E (1)
Eh
e
e1
e2
L
v
w
y
y1
mm
0.8
0.05
0.00
0.30
0.18
0.2
4.1
3.9
2.25
1.95
4.1
3.9
2.25
1.95
0.5
2.5
2.5
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.05
0.05
0.1
Note
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.075 mm maximum per side are not included.
REFERENCES
OUTLINE
VERSION
IEC
JEDEC
JEITA
SOT994-1
---
MO-220
---
EUROPEAN
PROJECTION
ISSUE DATE
07-02-07
07-03-03
Fig 37. Package outline SOT994-1 (HWQFN24)
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
42 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
TSSOP24: plastic thin shrink small outline package; 24 leads; body width 4.4 mm
D
SOT355-1
E
A
X
c
HE
y
v M A
Z
13
24
Q
A2
(A 3)
A1
pin 1 index
A
θ
Lp
L
1
12
bp
e
detail X
w M
0
2.5
5 mm
scale
DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions)
UNIT
A
max.
A1
A2
A3
bp
c
D (1)
E (2)
e
HE
L
Lp
Q
v
w
y
Z (1)
θ
mm
1.1
0.15
0.05
0.95
0.80
0.25
0.30
0.19
0.2
0.1
7.9
7.7
4.5
4.3
0.65
6.6
6.2
1
0.75
0.50
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.13
0.1
0.5
0.2
8o
0o
Notes
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15 mm maximum per side are not included.
2. Plastic interlead protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included.
OUTLINE
VERSION
SOT355-1
REFERENCES
IEC
JEDEC
JEITA
MO-153
EUROPEAN
PROJECTION
ISSUE DATE
99-12-27
03-02-19
Fig 38. Package outline SOT355-1 (TSSOP24)
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
43 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
VFBGA24: plastic very thin fine-pitch ball grid array package;
24 balls; body 3 x 3 x 0.85 mm
B
D
SOT1199-1
A
ball A1
index area
A2
A
E
A1
detail X
e1
e
C
C A B
C
Øv
Øw
b
y
y1 C
E
e
D
e2
C
B
A
ball A1
index area
1
2
3
4
X
5
0
1
Dimensions
Unit
mm
2 mm
scale
A
A1
A2
b
max 1.00 0.25 0.75 0.35
nom 0.85 0.20 0.65 0.30
min 0.75 0.15 0.60 0.25
D
E
e
e1
e2
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.9
0.5
2
2
v
w
y
0.15 0.05 0.08
y1
0.1
sot1199-1_po
Outline
version
SOT1199-1
References
IEC
JEDEC
JEITA
European
projection
Issue date
11-02-16
12-03-13
---
Fig 39. Package outline SOT1199-1 (VFBGA24)
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
44 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
;)%*$SODVWLFH[WUHPHO\WKLQILQHSLWFKEDOOJULGDUUD\SDFNDJHEDOOV
~
627
z
>
#
}
{
z
~
| |
#
~
z
>
#
!
"
@
}
%
#<<
<
\<<^`<
q
+
<<
<>
<
<
%?@
#
z
%?@ %?!@ %?#%@ #?
%?% %?!" %?*@ #?%
%?%@ %?!! %?"@ ?'
#
#?
#?%
?'
%?"
?Z
?Z
{
|
%?@ %?%@ %?%&
|
%?
VRWBSR
!"#$
$$$
$$$
$$$
#$%&$%'
#$%'$*
Fig 40. Package outline SOT1342-1 (XFBGA24)
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
© NXP B.V. 2012. All rights reserved.
45 of 54
PCAL6416A
NXP Semiconductors
Low-voltage translating 16-bit I2C-bus/SMBus I/O expander
17. Soldering of SMD packages
This text provides a very brief insight into a complex technology. A more in-depth account
of soldering ICs can be found in Application Note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow
soldering description”.
17.1 Introduction to soldering
Soldering is one of the most common methods through which packages are attached to
Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), to form electrical circuits. The soldered joint provides both
the mechanical and the electrical connection. There is no single soldering method that is
ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and
Surface Mount Devices (SMDs) are mixed on one printed wiring board; however, it is not
suitable for fine pitch SMDs. Reflow soldering is ideal for the small pitches and high
densities that come with increased miniaturization.
17.2 Wave and reflow soldering
Wave soldering is a joining technology in which the joints are made by solder coming from
a standing wave of liquid solder. The wave soldering process is suitable for the following:
• Through-hole components
• Leaded or leadless SMDs, which are glued to the surface of the printed circuit board
Not all SMDs can be wave soldered. Packages with solder balls, and some leadless
packages which have solder lands underneath the body, cannot be wave soldered. Also,
leaded SMDs with leads having a pitch smaller than ~0.6 mm cannot be wave soldered,
due to an increased probability of bridging.
The reflow soldering process involves applying solder paste to a board, followed by
component placement and exposure to a temperature profile. Leaded packages,
packages with solder balls, and leadless packages are all reflow solderable.
Key characteristics in both wave and reflow soldering are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Board specifications, including the board finish, solder masks and vias
Package footprints, including solder thieves and orientation
The moisture sensitivity level of the packages
Package placement
Inspection and repair
Lead-free soldering versus SnPb soldering
17.3 Wave soldering
Key characteristics in wave soldering are:
• Process issues, such as application of adhesive and flux, clinching of leads, board
transport, the solder wave parameters, and the time during which components are
exposed to the wave
• Solder bath specifications, including temperature and impurities
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17.4 Reflow soldering
Key characteristics in reflow soldering are:
• Lead-free versus SnPb soldering; note that a lead-free reflow process usually leads to
higher minimum peak temperatures (see Figure 41) than a SnPb process, thus
reducing the process window
• Solder paste printing issues including smearing, release, and adjusting the process
window for a mix of large and small components on one board
• Reflow temperature profile; this profile includes preheat, reflow (in which the board is
heated to the peak temperature) and cooling down. It is imperative that the peak
temperature is high enough for the solder to make reliable solder joints (a solder paste
characteristic). In addition, the peak temperature must be low enough that the
packages and/or boards are not damaged. The peak temperature of the package
depends on package thickness and volume and is classified in accordance with
Table 38 and 39
Table 38.
SnPb eutectic process (from J-STD-020C)
Package thickness (mm)
Package reflow temperature (C)
Volume (mm3)
< 350
350
< 2.5
235
220
2.5
220
220
Table 39.
Lead-free process (from J-STD-020C)
Package thickness (mm)
Package reflow temperature (C)
Volume (mm3)
< 350
350 to 2000
> 2000
< 1.6
260
260
260
1.6 to 2.5
260
250
245
> 2.5
250
245
245
Moisture sensitivity precautions, as indicated on the packing, must be respected at all
times.
Studies have shown that small packages reach higher temperatures during reflow
soldering, see Figure 41.
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temperature
maximum peak temperature
= MSL limit, damage level
minimum peak temperature
= minimum soldering temperature
peak
temperature
time
001aac844
MSL: Moisture Sensitivity Level
Fig 41. Temperature profiles for large and small components
For further information on temperature profiles, refer to Application Note AN10365
“Surface mount reflow soldering description”.
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18. Soldering: PCB footprints
Footprint information for reflow soldering of TSSOP24 package
SOT355-1
Hx
Gx
P2
(0.125)
Hy
Gy
(0.125)
By
Ay
C
D2 (4x)
D1
P1
Generic footprint pattern
Refer to the package outline drawing for actual layout
solder land
occupied area
DIMENSIONS in mm
P1
P2
Ay
By
C
D1
D2
Gx
Gy
Hx
Hy
0.650
0.750
7.200
4.500
1.350
0.400
0.600
8.200
5.300
8.600
7.450
sot355-1_fr
Fig 42. PCB footprint for SOT355-1 (TSSOP24); reflow soldering
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Footprint information for reflow soldering of HVQFN24 package
SOT994-1
Hx
Gx
D
P
0.025
0.025
C
(0.105)
SPx
nSPx
Hy
SPy tot
SPy
Gy
SLy
nSPy
By
Ay
SPx tot
SLx
Bx
Ax
Generic footprint pattern
Refer to the package outline drawing for actual layout
solder land
solder paste deposit
solder land plus solder paste
occupied area
nSPx
nSPy
2
2
Dimensions in mm
P
Ax
Ay
Bx
By
C
D
SLx
SLy
SPx tot
SPy tot
SPx
SPy
Gx
Gy
Hx
Hy
0.500
5.000
5.000
3.200
3.200
0.900
0.240
2.100
2.100
1.200
1.200
0.450
0.450
4.300
4.300
5.250
5.250
Issue date
07-09-24
09-06-15
sot994-1_fr
Fig 43. PCB footprint for SOT994-1 (HWQFN24); reflow soldering
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19. Abbreviations
Table 40.
Abbreviations
Acronym
Description
ESD
ElectroStatic Discharge
FET
Field-Effect Transistor
GPIO
General Purpose Input/Output
I2C-bus
Inter-Integrated Circuit bus
I/O
Input/Output
LED
Light-Emitting Diode
LSB
Least Significant Bit
MSB
Most Significant Bit
PCB
Printed-Circuit Board
POR
Power-On Reset
SMBus
System Management Bus
20. Revision history
Table 41.
Revision history
Document ID
Release date
Data sheet status
Change notice
Supersedes
PCAL6416A v.3
20121224
Product data sheet
-
PCAL6416A v.2
Modifications:
•
Added XLBGA24 package option (PCAL6416AEX, SOT1342-1)
PCAL6416A v.2
20121005
Product data sheet
-
PCAL6416A v.1
PCAL6416A v.1
20120808
Product data sheet
-
-
PCAL6416A
Product data sheet
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21. Legal information
21.1 Data sheet status
Document status[1][2]
Product status[3]
Definition
Objective [short] data sheet
Development
This document contains data from the objective specification for product development.
Preliminary [short] data sheet
Qualification
This document contains data from the preliminary specification.
Product [short] data sheet
Production
This document contains the product specification.
[1]
Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design.
[2]
The term ‘short data sheet’ is explained in section “Definitions”.
[3]
The product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple devices. The latest product status
information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.nxp.com.
21.2 Definitions
Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under
internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in
modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of
information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of
use of such information.
Short data sheet — A short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet
with the same product type number(s) and title. A short data sheet is intended
for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain detailed and
full information. For detailed and full information see the relevant full data
sheet, which is available on request via the local NXP Semiconductors sales
office. In case of any inconsistency or conflict with the short data sheet, the
full data sheet shall prevail.
Product specification — The information and data provided in a Product
data sheet shall define the specification of the product as agreed between
NXP Semiconductors and its customer, unless NXP Semiconductors and
customer have explicitly agreed otherwise in writing. In no event however,
shall an agreement be valid in which the NXP Semiconductors product is
deemed to offer functions and qualities beyond those described in the
Product data sheet.
21.3 Disclaimers
Limited warranty and liability — Information in this document is believed to
be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or
completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the
consequences of use of such information. NXP Semiconductors takes no
responsibility for the content in this document if provided by an information
source outside of NXP Semiconductors.
In no event shall NXP Semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental,
punitive, special or consequential damages (including - without limitation - lost
profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or
replacement of any products or rework charges) whether or not such
damages are based on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of
contract or any other legal theory.
Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason
whatsoever, NXP Semiconductors’ aggregate and cumulative liability towards
customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance
with the Terms and conditions of commercial sale of NXP Semiconductors.
Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make
changes to information published in this document, including without
limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without
notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior
to the publication hereof.
PCAL6416A
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Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed,
authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or
safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or
malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected
to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental
damage. NXP Semiconductors and its suppliers accept no liability for
inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or
applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own
risk.
Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these
products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no
representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the
specified use without further testing or modification.
Customers are responsible for the design and operation of their applications
and products using NXP Semiconductors products, and NXP Semiconductors
accepts no liability for any assistance with applications or customer product
design. It is customer’s sole responsibility to determine whether the NXP
Semiconductors product is suitable and fit for the customer’s applications and
products planned, as well as for the planned application and use of
customer’s third party customer(s). Customers should provide appropriate
design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated with their
applications and products.
NXP Semiconductors does not accept any liability related to any default,
damage, costs or problem which is based on any weakness or default in the
customer’s applications or products, or the application or use by customer’s
third party customer(s). Customer is responsible for doing all necessary
testing for the customer’s applications and products using NXP
Semiconductors products in order to avoid a default of the applications and
the products or of the application or use by customer’s third party
customer(s). NXP does not accept any liability in this respect.
Limiting values — Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in
the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) will cause permanent
damage to the device. Limiting values are stress ratings only and (proper)
operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in
the Recommended operating conditions section (if present) or the
Characteristics sections of this document is not warranted. Constant or
repeated exposure to limiting values will permanently and irreversibly affect
the quality and reliability of the device.
Terms and conditions of commercial sale — NXP Semiconductors
products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial
sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms, unless otherwise
agreed in a valid written individual agreement. In case an individual
agreement is concluded only the terms and conditions of the respective
agreement shall apply. NXP Semiconductors hereby expressly objects to
applying the customer’s general terms and conditions with regard to the
purchase of NXP Semiconductors products by customer.
No offer to sell or license — Nothing in this document may be interpreted or
construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant,
conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or
other industrial or intellectual property rights.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 3 — 24 December 2012
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Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein
may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior
authorization from competent authorities.
Non-automotive qualified products — Unless this data sheet expressly
states that this specific NXP Semiconductors product is automotive qualified,
the product is not suitable for automotive use. It is neither qualified nor tested
in accordance with automotive testing or application requirements. NXP
Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of
non-automotive qualified products in automotive equipment or applications.
In the event that customer uses the product for design-in and use in
automotive applications to automotive specifications and standards, customer
(a) shall use the product without NXP Semiconductors’ warranty of the
product for such automotive applications, use and specifications, and (b)
whenever customer uses the product for automotive applications beyond
NXP Semiconductors’ specifications such use shall be solely at customer’s
own risk, and (c) customer fully indemnifies NXP Semiconductors for any
liability, damages or failed product claims resulting from customer design and
use of the product for automotive applications beyond NXP Semiconductors’
standard warranty and NXP Semiconductors’ product specifications.
Translations — A non-English (translated) version of a document is for
reference only. The English version shall prevail in case of any discrepancy
between the translated and English versions.
21.4 Trademarks
Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks
are the property of their respective owners.
I2C-bus — logo is a trademark of NXP B.V.
22. Contact information
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
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53 of 54
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23. Contents
1
2
2.1
3
3.1
4
5
5.1
5.2
6
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
7.4.5
7.4.6
7.4.7
7.4.8
7.4.9
7.4.10
7.4.11
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
8
8.1
8.2
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
10
11
General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Features and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Agile I/O features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ordering options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Voltage translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Device address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Interface definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Pointer register and command byte . . . . . . . . . 9
Register descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Input port register pair (00h, 01h) . . . . . . . . . . 11
Output port register pair (02h, 03h) . . . . . . . . 11
Polarity inversion register pair (04h, 05h) . . . . 12
Configuration register pair (06h, 07h) . . . . . . . 12
Output drive strength register pairs (40h,
41h, 42h, 43h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Input latch register pair (44h, 45h) . . . . . . . . . 13
Pull-up/pull-down enable register pair
(46h, 47h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Pull-up/pull-down selection register pair
(48h, 49h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Interrupt mask register pair (4Ah, 4Bh). . . . . . 15
Interrupt status register pair (4Ch, 4Dh) . . . . . 16
Output port configuration register (4Fh) . . . . . 16
I/O port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Power-on reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Reset input (RESET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Interrupt output (INT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Bus transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Write commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Read commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Application design-in information . . . . . . . . . 24
Minimizing IDD when the I/Os are used to
control LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Output drive strength control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Power-on reset requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Device current consumption with internal
pull-up and pull-down resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
I2C-bus error recovery techniques . . . . . . . . . 28
Limiting values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Recommended operating conditions. . . . . . . 30
12
13
13.1
14
15
16
17
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
18
19
20
21
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
22
23
Thermal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Static characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dynamic characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parameter measurement information . . . . . .
Package outline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soldering of SMD packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction to soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wave and reflow soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wave soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soldering: PCB footprints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
31
33
37
38
42
46
46
46
46
47
49
51
51
52
52
52
52
53
53
54
Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s)
described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’.
© NXP B.V. 2012.
All rights reserved.
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
Date of release: 24 December 2012
Document identifier: PCAL6416A