AN11144 Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 Application note Document information Info Content Keywords DNC, TFF101x, Ku Band, LNB Abstract The document provides circuit, layout, BOM and performance information for Ku Band Universal Single LNB equipped with NXP’s TFF101x integrated DNC. AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC Revision history Rev Date Description 1.0 First revision 20120116 Contact information For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected] AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 2 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 1. Introduction TFF101x means a series of integrated Down-Converters (DNC) for Low Noise Block (LNB) at Ku band (10.7 GHz to 12.75 GHz) satellite receiver system. The family includes TFF1014, TFF1015, TFF1017 and TFF1018, in which the only difference is conversion gain. TFF101x integrates most parts of Ku Band Universal Single (US) LNB, including preamplifier, mixer, buffer amplifier and PLL synthesizer, and the LO frequency (9.75GHz or 10.6GHz) can be easily switched by a logical level, so for a full US LNB, only an LNA, a 25MHz crystal and a biasing ICs are needed as the external circuits (As shown in Figure 1). Fig 1. Typical US LNB diagram using the FIMOD IC (TFF101x) TFF101x has excellent performance: Low noise figure (typ. 7dB), flat conversion gain (full band 1.4dB), low phase noise (1.5˚RMS integrated from 10 kHz to 13 MHz), low power consumption (5V/52mA), good input (RF) and output (IF) return loss (>10dB). Since the DNC uses PLL synthesizer instead of DRO as the LO generator, the frequency accuracy utterly depends on the resonance frequency of crystal circuits, the LNB based on TFF101x is free of tuning, so both design and production become much easier. This paper intends to describe a Ku band universal single LNB design which is used to evaluate the final performance when TFF101x is used in a real US LNB. It is well known that the LNA contributes the most NF (Noise Figure) of a total LNB, and the DNC contributes a smaller part of NF. To evaluate the final NF of a TFF101x LNB, a typical LNA with the popular transistor NE3503M04 is designed, and the relevant circuit parameters are given. The layout for TFF101x is discussed in detail, which is very important for NF, gain, phase noise and spurious suppression. The design files includes the schematic, layout, BOM, mechanical design are all presented then. To evaluate the reference design, both RF performance and signal quality are measured and compared with some discrete US LNBs in the market. AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 3 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 2. General Description To evaluate the performance of TFF101x in a real US LNB, the design should be close to a real US LNB as much as possible. For convenience in RF measurement, the target prototype only differs from real US LNB in two points: The input interface is a circular waveguide (CWG) instead of a feed horn. The output interface is a 50Ω SMA connector instead of a 75Ω F type connector. The LNA implemented in the LNB is a typical two-stage LNA based on NE3503M04, and in which, the power supply for the first stages are used for switching the polarization of vertical or horizontal. Some performance like LO offset, phase noise and output power mainly depend on the performance of TFF101x, which has been well solved in single TFF101x EVB. The other performance like NF, gain flatness and image rejection mainly or partly depend on the external RF front-end. To make sure that the TFF101x LNB is satisfied with the current applications, the performance should be comparable with the available discrete LNBs in the market. The desired performance is shown in Table 1. Table 1. Target Performance Parameter Value Unit Low Band 10.70 to 11.70 GHz High Band 11.70 to 12.75 GHz Low Band 950 to 1950 MHz High Band 1100 to 2150 MHz Low Band 9.75 GHz High Band 10.6 GHz At 10 kHz offset -75 dBc/Hz Conversion Gain 55 to 70 dB Gain Ripple 3 dB 1.1 dB Image Rejection 40 dB 1dB Compression Point 0 dBm 3 Order Intermodulation 10 dBm Output Return Loss (50 Ω) 10 dB Cross Polar Rejection 20 dB Current Consumption 75 mA Input Frequency Output Frequency Local Oscillator Frequency Phase Noise Noise Figure Low Band rd AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 Comments Depends on which TFF IC used Comparable with the discrete US LNB in the market © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 4 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 3. Design The LNB consists of a base with CWG input, a cover for shielding, a PCBA with probes soldered. A fixture is made to assemble them precisely. Since the Ku band LNB operates at very high frequency, the dimension of the base, cover, the probes and the assembly accuracy affect the NF and gain significantly. This information is given before the introduction of the circuits design. The circuits design starts from the schematic design, after that, the simulation of the LNA and the Band Pass Filter (BPF) is presented. The layout for TFF101x is discussed in detail then, and in the end, the final PCB and the BOM are given. 3.1 Mechanical Design The dimension of the CWG and the CWG to microstrip adapter (the probe) are very sensitive to the NF of the LNB. The impedance of the probes, including the input circuits of the LNA, are obtained by 3D EM simulation (the model is shown in Figure 2), and will be implemented in the simulation of LNA in Section 3.3. The PCB material is Rogers 4003 with 20mil thickness, which has similar property with the special LNB laminates Rogers 4233, but more popular in PCB manufacturer. Fig 2. CWG to microstrip adapter The drawing of the base (including a short stick) and probes are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 respectively, and the dimensions of the CWG, probe and probe holes are based on the dimension in the model in Figure 2. It is also important to assemble the probe with right direction and position. To solder the probes precisely, a fixture is designed to position the probes during soldering, and the assembly process is shown in Figure 5. AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 5 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC (1) Base (2) Short stick AN11144 Application note Fig 3. LNB base Fig 4. Probe All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 6 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC Fig 5. Probe assembly process 3.2 Schematic The Schematic of the reference Ku band US LNB is shown in Figure 6. Three pieces of NE3503M04 are used as the two-stage LNA for both vertical and horizontal polarization. ZXNB4202 is chosen as the voltage regulator and bias IC. A JFVNY’s 25MHz crystal is selected for the reference of the PLL. The overtone order is fundamental for stable temperature performance and the load capacitance is 8pF for accurate LO frequency. R6 0 C9 R7 14 13 GND VIN VOUT HB LB CSUB C2 100nF 12 11 10 9 R4 C7 47nF 220pF C10 0.5pF 3 G S S D 1 10nF 2 2 3 4 NE3503 5 M2 Ku Band BPF M4 4 H 3 G S S D 7 1 C15 2 NE3503 16 IF TFF1014 RF2 XO1 GND XO2 GND Application note HB 15 C14 14 13 M3 SMA 12pF 12 11 Y1 25MHz 10 C16 0.5pF C17 C18 C19 NEQ NEQ 220pF 1000nF AN11144 GND GND C20 Fig 6. GND RF1 8 V U5 6 GND VREG NE3503 1 U4 4 M1 VCC C13 2 GND D 12pF 1uF GND S S U3 C12 LF G 1 9 3 R8 0 NEQ 0 10k 10nF 4 C6 C11 NEQ U2 C3 0 DM GM C5 1000pF C8 ZXNB4202 G3 D3 10k G1 D1 D2 G2 C1 220pF 7 8 1 2 3 4 R5 0 C4 1000pF 5 6 10K U1 RCAIA RCAIM R3 GND 22k 0 16 15 R2 R1 1uF R9 330 Ku band US LNB schematic All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 7 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 3.3 LNA and BFP Simulation The LNA and BPF in Figure 6 is simulated and optimized for excellent NF, gain flatness and image rejection. The Simulation model is shown in Figure 7. SNP1 is the S parameters of the CWG to microstrip adapter, which is mentioned in Section 3.1. SNP2 and SNP3 is the de-embedding model to remove the effect of the overlapped parts in SNP1 and the NE3503 Model. The intermediate matching network, output matching network and the BPF are modeled by Momentum for better accuracy. Fig 7. LNA and BPF ADS model According to the simulation (the result is shown in Figure 8), the NF of both polarization paths, not taking account of the contribution of the DNC, is about 0.8dB. The total gain including the probe, the 2-stage-LNA and the image rejection BPF is about 20dB. m4 m3 m5 freq=10.70GHz freq=11.30GHz freq=12.75GHz dB(S(2,1))=20.320 dB(S(2,1))=22.396 dB(S(2,1))=20.238 m4m3 4 m6 m7 m8 2 -20 0 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 AN11144 Application note 8 10 6 0 4 -10 m6 m7 2 m8 -20 16 0 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 freq, GHz freq, GHz m6 m7 m8 freq=10.70GHz freq=11.70GHz freq=12.75GHz nf(2)=0.937 nf(2)=0.759 nf(2)=0.828 m6 m7 m8 freq=10.70GHz freq=11.70GHz freq=12.75GHz nf(2)=0.809 nf(2)=0.713 nf(2)=0.783 a. Vertical Fig 8. m5 nf(2) 6 0 10 m4m3 20 8 10 -10 30 10 nf(2) dB(S(2,1)) 20 12 m5 dB(S(2,1)) 30 m4 m3 m5 freq=10.70GHz freq=11.30GHz freq=12.75GHz dB(S(2,1))=20.864 dB(S(2,1))=21.666 dB(S(2,1))=19.657 b. Horizontal LNA and BPF ADS simulation result All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 8 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 3.4 Layout Fig 9. The footprint of TFF101x and surrounding circuits The layout for TFF101x is zoomed and shown in Figure 9. There are some important points highlighted as follow. Grounds. o The die pad MUST be well grounded. There are three via, with 0.5 mm diameter, mapped directly on the die pad. o GND via should be put as close as possible to the other GND pins. o It is strongly recommended to copy all the GND via in and surrounding TFF101x to any practical design. Footprint. o Die pad size: 2x1 mm. And soldering mask is 0.1mm larger for each side. o Other pads 0.85x0.3mm, slightly bigger than the pins for easier soldering. And the soldering mask is 0.05mm larger for each side. o It is strongly recommended to copy the footprint of TFF101x to any practical design. RF input. o 50 Ω transmission line which has been used in TFF101x EVB before is used here again. IF line. o 50 Ω Coplanar Waveguide with Ground (CPWG) line for good matching and anti-inference. The width of the CPWG line is 20mil, which is identical with the width of a 0402 capacitor. AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 9 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC Decoupling capacitors. o There two decoupling capacitors for TFF101x: one is for VCC and the other is for VREG. Both should be placed as close as possible to the power pins. Loop filter. o The area of the loop filter (LF) should be as small as possible. o There is a GND ring surrounding the LF, for shielding the interference. 25MHz crystal. o The pair of 25MHz lines goes parallel like differential lines for better antiinterference. o The gap between the 25MHz lines, as well as their width, should be as thin as possible (both are 0.15mm actually). o As much as GND on both side of the 25MHz lines Fig 10. Final PCB The final PCB layout is shown in Figure 10. The maroon filled patterns are the top layer, the golden outlines are the bottom layout, the light blue filled circles are plated via, the white shadowed circles are non-plated holes for mounting, and the white outline is the soldering mask layer. 3.5 Bill of Materials Table 2. AN11144 Application note Bill of materials Designator Description Footprint Qty Value Supplier Name/type U1 Bias IC QFN1644 1 ZETEX -ZXNB4202JB16TC U2,U4,U5 HJFET SOT343 3 Renesas-NE3503M04 U3 FIMOD DHVQFN16 1 C1,C3,C19 Capacitor 0402 3 NXP -TFF1014N1 220pF All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 Murata-GRM1555C1H221J © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 10 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC Designator Description Footprint Qty Value Supplier Name/type C2,C20 Capacitor 0402 2 0.1uF Murata-GRM155R71C104K C4,C5 Capacitor 0402 2 1000pF Murata-GRM155R71H102K C6,C14 Capacitor 0402 2 12pF Murata-GRM1555C1H120J C7 Capacitor 0402 1 47nF Murata-GRM155R71E473K C9,C12 Capacitor 0402 2 10nF Murata-GRM155R71H103K C11 Capacitor 0603 1 1uF Murata-GRM188R61A105K C13,C15 Capacitor 0402 2 0.5pF Murata-GJM1555C1HR50B C16 Capacitor 0402 1 1uF Murata-GRM155R61A105K R1,R6 Resistor 0402 2 0 Ralec-RTT02000J R2 Resistor 0402 1 22k Ralec-RTT022202F R3,R5,R7 Resistor 0402 3 10k Ralec-RTT021002F R4,R8 Resistor 0603 2 0 Ralec-RTT03000J R9 Resistor 0402 1 330 Ralec-RTT023300F Y1 Crystal HC-49XA 1 25MHz JFVNY-HC-49XA-C08TTA-25.000MHz 3.6 LNB View Fig 11. LNB view AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 11 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 4. Measured Results The items in Table 1 are measured and given in Section 4.1, while the live signal test has also been implemented and results is shown in Section 4.2. 4.1 General Performance Five US LNBs have been made. LNB #1 and #2 are based on TFF1015, #3 is based on TFF1017, #4 is based on TFF1014, and #5 is based on TFF1018. The conversion gain of different type of DNC is compared in Section 4.1.1. And in Section 4.1.2, The NF curves of all the LNBs, as well as that of two discrete LNBs from W Company and S Company as the benchmark, are given. The plots of the phase noise and output return loss are shown in Section 4.1.3 and Section 4.1.4 respectively. All the measured specifications are summarized in Section 4.1.5. 4.1.1 Conversion Gain 70 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#1) Gc (dB) 65 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#2) 60 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1017#3) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1014#4) 55 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1018#5) 50 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 RF Frequency (GHz) Fig 12. Conversion gain measurement results (Low band/Vertical) 70 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#1) Gc (dB) 65 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#2) 60 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1017#3) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1014#4) 55 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1018#5) 50 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 RF Frequency (GHz) Fig 13. Conversion gain measurement results (Low band/Horizontal) AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 12 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 70 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#1) Gc (dB) 65 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#2) 60 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1017#3) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1014#4) 55 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1018#5) 50 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 RF Frequency (GHz) Fig 14. Conversion gain measurement results (High band/Vertical) 70 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#1) Gc (dB) 65 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#2) 60 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1017#3) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1014#4) 55 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1018#5) 50 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 RF Frequency (GHz) Fig 15. Conversion gain measurement results (High band/Horizontal) As shown in Figure 12 to Figure 15, the conversion gain of LNB with TFF1014 is 58dB and 57dB at low band and high band respectively; for TFF1015 LNB, these values are 62dB and 60dB respectively; for TFF1017 LNB, they are 66db and 64dB; and for TFF1018 LNB, they are 68dB and 66dB. AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 13 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 4.1.2 Noise Figure 1.5 Discrete LNB (Company S) Discrete LNB (Company W) 1.0 NF (dB) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#1) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#2) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1017#3) 0.5 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1014#4) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1018#5) 0.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 RF Frequency (GHz) 12.0 Fig 16. Noise figure measurement results (Low band/Vertical) 1.5 Discrete LNB (Company S) Discrete LNB (Company W) 1.0 NF (dB) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#1) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#2) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1017#3) 0.5 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1014#4) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1018#5) 0.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 RF Frequency (GHz) 12.0 Fig 17. Noise figure measurement results (Low band/Horizontal) AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 14 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 1.5 Discrete LNB (Company S) Discrete LNB (Company W) 1.0 NF (dB) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#1) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#2) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1017#3) 0.5 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1014#4) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1018#5) 0.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 RF Frequency (GHz) 13.0 Fig 18. Noise figure measurement results (High band/Vertical) 1.5 Discrete LNB (Company S) Discrete LNB (Company W) 1.0 NF (dB) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#1) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1015#2) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1017#3) 0.5 NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1014#4) NXP Ref (Rev. 2-TFF1018#5) 0.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 RF Frequency (GHz) 13.0 Fig 19. Noise figure measurement results (High band/Horizontal) The NF of all the NXP US LNBs are plotted in Figure 16 to Figure 19 for low band and high band respectively, and as a reference, the NF of discrete LNBs of S Company and W Company, measured in the same system, is also given for comparison. The NF of all the LNB based on TFF101x is comparable with that of discrete LNB. The NF is about 1.0dB at low band and 1.1dB at high band. The worst NF in the full band is no worse than 1.2dB. AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 15 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 4.1.3 Phase Noise Fig 20. Phase noise measurement results (LNB #3, low band) Fig 21. Phase noise measurement results (LNB #3, high band) The #3 LNB based on TFF1017 is selected for the phase noise test, because the LO (Local Oscillator) magnitude leakage to IF port of the other LNBs is too small to measure the far end phase noise accurately. The phase noise (Figure 20) of 9.75GHz LO is -82, 90, -94, and -107dBc/Hz at 1k, 10k, 100k, 1MHz respectively, and those for 10.6GHz LO (Figure 21) is -81, -84, -88, -106dBc/Hz. The LO offset is about -500kHz. AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 16 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 4.1.4 Output Return Loss Fig 22. Output return loss measurement results (LNB #1) As shown in Figure 22, the worst output return loss (for 50 Ω, only for reference) is -12dB. 4.1.5 Summary Corresponding to the specification in Table 1, the items are measured and filled into Table 3. All the specifications reach the targets, or even better. Table 3. Expected and Measured Results Parameter Low Band 9.750000 9.749499 GHz Low Band 9.750000 9.749499 GHz Phase Noise At 10 kHz offset -75 -90 to -85 dBc/Hz TFF1015 Conversion Gain TFF1017 TFF1018 Gain Ripple Noise Figure Application note Measured Unit Local Oscillator Frequency TFF1014 AN11144 Expected LB 58 HB 57 LB 62 HB LB 55 to 70 60 66 HB 64 LB 68 HB 66 3 (Max.) dB Low Band 1.1 1.0 dB High Band 1.3 1.1 dB Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 500kHz offset dB 3 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Comments Comparable with the discrete US LNB in the market © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 17 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC Parameter Expected Measured Unit Comments Image Rejection 40 ~56 dB (image of 11.7GHz for HB) 1dB Compression Point tested at 9.5GHz 0 4.1 dBm IF=2150 MHz 3 Order Intermodulation 10 18 (Min.) dBm IF=2000 MHz Output Return Loss 10 12 dB For 50 Ω Cross Polar Rejection 20 20 dB at 12.75GHz Current Consumption 75 75 (Typ.) mA rd 4.2 Signal Quality The #2 NXP reference LNB is mounted on a Rover (approx 2 meters) 60cm triax E parabolic antenna to receive the signal from satellite of Astra 19.2 , and the Modulation Error Ratio (MER) is measured (the weather condition of almost blue sky, temperature approximately 5˚C) and shown in Figure 23. The MER of 8PSK and QPSK are both around 14dB, which meets Astra’s requirement. 20 MER (dB) 16 12 8PSK S2 QPSK S1 8 QPSK S2 4 0 10500 11000 11500 12000 12500 13000 Frequency (MHz) Fig 23. MER for N-PSK signal with NXP LNB #2 (TFF1015) 5. Conclusions A design of Ku band universal single LNB based on TFF101x has been made, and all specification match the requirement for DVB-S application. AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 18 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 6. Legal information 6.1 Definitions Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. 6.2 Disclaimers Limited warranty and liability — Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. In no event shall NXP Semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental, punitive, special or consequential damages (including - without limitation lost profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or replacement of any products or rework charges) whether or not such damages are based on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of contract or any other legal theory. Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason whatsoever, NXP Semiconductors’ aggregate and cumulative liability towards customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance with the Terms and conditions of commercial sale of NXP Semiconductors. Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own risk. Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Customers are responsible for the design and operation of their applications and products using NXP Semiconductors products, and NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for any assistance with applications or customer product design. It is customer’s sole responsibility to determine AN11144 Application note whether the NXP Semiconductors product is suitable and fit for the customer’s applications and products planned, as well as for the planned application and use of customer’s third party customer(s). Customers should provide appropriate design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated with their applications and products. NXP Semiconductors does not accept any liability related to any default, damage, costs or problem which is based on any weakness or default in the customer’s applications or products, or the application or use by customer’s third party customer(s). Customer is responsible for doing all necessary testing for the customer’s applications and products using NXP Semiconductors products in order to avoid a default of the applications and the products or of the application or use by customer’s third party customer(s). NXP does not accept any liability in this respect. Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior authorization from competent authorities. Evaluation products — This product is provided on an “as is” and “with all faults” basis for evaluation purposes only. NXP Semiconductors, its affiliates and their suppliers expressly disclaim all warranties, whether express, implied or statutory, including but not limited to the implied warranties of noninfringement, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality, or arising out of the use or performance, of this product remains with customer. In no event shall NXP Semiconductors, its affiliates or their suppliers be liable to customer for any special, indirect, consequential, punitive or incidental damages (including without limitation damages for loss of business, business interruption, loss of use, loss of data or information, and the like) arising out the use of or inability to use the product, whether or not based on tort (including negligence), strict liability, breach of contract, breach of warranty or any other theory, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason whatsoever (including without limitation, all damages referenced above and all direct or general damages), the entire liability of NXP Semiconductors, its affiliates and their suppliers and customer’s exclusive remedy for all of the foregoing shall be limited to actual damages incurred by customer based on reasonable reliance up to the greater of the amount actually paid by customer for the product or five dollars (US$5.00). The foregoing limitations, exclusions and disclaimers shall apply to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, even if any remedy fails of its essential purpose. 6.3 Trademarks Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are property of their respective owners. <Name> — is a trademark of NXP B.V. All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 19 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 7. List of figures Fig 1. Fig 2. Fig 3. Fig 4. Fig 5. Fig 6. Fig 7. Fig 8. Fig 9. Fig 10. Fig 11. Fig 12. Fig 13. Fig 14. Fig 15. Fig 16. Fig 17. Fig 18. Fig 19. Fig 20. Fig 21. Fig 22. Fig 23. Typical US LNB diagram using the FIMOD IC (TFF101x) ......................................................... 3 CWG to microstrip adapter................................ 5 LNB base .......................................................... 6 Probe ................................................................ 6 Probe assembly process ................................... 7 Ku band US LNB schematic.............................. 7 LNA and BPF ADS model ................................. 8 LNA and BPF ADS simulation result ................. 8 The footprint of TFF101x and surrounding circuits ............................................................... 9 Final PCB ........................................................ 10 LNB view ......................................................... 11 Conversion gain measurement results (Low band/Vertical) .................................................. 12 Conversion gain measurement results (Low band/Horizontal).............................................. 12 Conversion gain measurement results (High band/Vertical) .................................................. 13 Conversion gain measurement results (High band/Horizontal).............................................. 13 Noise figure measurement results (Low band/Vertical) .................................................. 14 Noise figure measurement results (Low band/Horizontal).............................................. 14 Noise figure measurement results (High band/Vertical) .................................................. 15 Noise figure measurement results (High band/Horizontal).............................................. 15 Phase noise measurement results (LNB #3, low band)............................................................... 16 Phase noise measurement results (LNB #3, high band) ....................................................... 16 Output return loss measurement results (LNB #1)................................................................... 17 MER for N-PSK signal with NXP LNB #2 (TFF1015) ....................................................... 18 AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 20 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 8. List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Target Performance .......................................... 4 Bill of materials................................................ 10 Expected and Measured Results .................... 17 AN11144 Application note All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev 1.0 — 16 January 2012 © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. 21 of 22 AN11144 NXP Semiconductors Universal Single LNB with TFF101x FIMOD IC 9. Contents 1. 2. 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4. 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.2 5. 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 7. 8. 9. Introduction ......................................................... 3 General Description ............................................ 4 Design .................................................................. 5 Mechanical Design ............................................. 5 Schematic .......................................................... 7 LNA and BFP Simulation ................................... 8 Layout ................................................................ 9 Bill of Materials ................................................. 10 LNB View ......................................................... 11 Measured Results.............................................. 12 General Performance ....................................... 12 Conversion Gain .............................................. 12 Noise Figure ..................................................... 14 Phase Noise ..................................................... 16 Output Return Loss .......................................... 17 Summary .......................................................... 17 Signal Quality ................................................... 18 Conclusions ....................................................... 18 Legal information .............................................. 19 Definitions ........................................................ 19 Disclaimers....................................................... 19 Trademarks ...................................................... 19 List of figures..................................................... 20 List of tables ...................................................... 21 Contents ............................................................. 22 Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in the section 'Legal information'. © NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved. For more information, visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected] Date of release: 16 January 2012 Document identifier: AN11144