AGILENT N7781B

Agilent
N7781B/N7781BD
Polarization Analyzer
Data Sheet
Agilent N7781B
Agilent N7781BD
Introduction
Key features
•
Measurement of
Stokes parameter (SOP)
•
Measurement of degree
of polarization (DOP)
•
High-speed operation
(> 1 MSamples/s)
•
Analog output ports for
DOP/SOP data
•
Robust, no moving parts
The Agilent N7781B is a compact high-speed polarization
analyzer that provides comprehensive capabilities for analyzing polarization properties of optical signals. This includes
representation of the state of polarization (SOP) on the
Poincaré sphere (Stokes parameter). The on-board algorithms
together with the on-board calibration data ensure highly
accurate operation across a broad wavelength range. The Agilent N7781BD also contains a windows based computer unit
which allows operation independent from external PCs.
Due to its real time measurement capability (1 MSamples/s),
the instrument is well suited for analyzing disturbed and fluctuating signals as well as for control applications requiring
real time feedback of polarization information.
Analog data output ports are provided, for example for
support of control loops in automated manufacturing test
systems.
The provided analysis software allows a comprehensive
analysis of the obtained measurement data.
Applications
Ampl
•
Monitoring / measurement of:
- State of polarization (SOP)
- Stokes parameter
- Degree of polarization (DOP)
High-speed analysis of SOP/DOP of signals in
recirculating loop setups
Analysis of PM-fiber extinction ratio
Performance analysis of polarization scramblers
Intrusion detection
•
•
•
•
0°
Ampl
Optical signal
N7781B/BD instrument setup and
application examples
45°
45°
4 ch.
ADC
DSP &
Memory
Ampl
0°
λ/4
USB
GPIB
Ampl
Pol.
Trigger in / out
Figure 1. Agilent N7781B/BD polarization analyzer setup
Alignment of polarization maintaining fibers
The instrument setup of the N7781B/BD polarization analyzer
is shown in Figure 1. It consists of a unique polarimeter optics
and a high-speed sampling subsystem. The measurement
principle is based on splitting the light into four sub beams
which are filtered through different polarization filters. The resulting four power levels are evaluated using on-board calibration data to obtain an accurate SOP- and DOP-measurement.
Accurate alignment of the polarization axis of polarization
maintaining fibers is crucial for the performance of a large
range of optical components. The N7781B/BD allows, due
to its high-speed capability, real time feedback regarding the
currently achieved polarization extinction ratio (PER). See also
N7783B for automated PER measurements.
α
Recirculating loop experiments
polarization
Swept laser
PMF
analyzer
Computer
Tap coupler
Trigger
Amplifier
Figure 3. Alignment of polarization maintaining fibers
Fiber loop
Pol contr
Switch
Tx unit
Rx unit
Computer
Figure 2. Recirculating loop experiments
2
N7781B/BD
GPIB/USB
N7781B/BD
polarization
analyzer
GPIB/USB
DUT
GPIB/USB
Managing the polarization properties of the fiber loop is
mandatory for successfully conducting experiments with such
structures. The N7781B/BD high speed polarization analyzer
allows an analysis of the SOP and the DOP of the circulating
signal. The high sampling rate and the trigger capabilities of
the instrument, allow detailed analysis of the evolution of the
SOP and the DOP along each revolution.
Agilent N7781B/BD Polarization Analyzer Data Sheet
Event trigger
Advanced communication systems are sensitive to rapid
polarization changes (“events”) on fiber links. Such events may
be caused for example by trains passing by or by vibrations on
bridges. The speed of the polarization events are of concern for
system integrators and network operators. The event trigger
function of the N7781B/BD allows detecting and recording
such events.
Tap
coupler
Transmitter
Receiver
N7781B/BD
polarization
analyzer
Figure 4. Recirculating loop experiments
Table 1. Specifications1) - N7781B/BD Polarization Analyzer
Wavelength
Specification wavelength range
1270 nm ... 1375 nm (Opt 300, O-Band)
1270 nm ... 1375 nm, 1460 nm ... 1620 nm (Opt 400, O/C/L-Band)
1460 nm ... 1620 nm (Opt 500, C/L-Band)
2)
1260 nm ... 1640 nm
Operating wavelength range
Polarization Analysis
SOP uncertainty (typical)3),4)
1.5°
3)
DOP uncertainty
± 2.0 %
DOP uncertainty after user calibration (typical)3),5)
± 0.5 %
Maximum sampling rate
1 MHz
Optical Power Measurement
Relative Power Uncertainty3)
C/L-Band:
± 30 mdB (± 20 mdB typ.)
O-Band:
± 70 mdB (± 40 mdB typ.)
Input power range
-50 dBm ... +7 dBm
Maximum safe optical input power
12 dBm
1) Ambient temperature change max. ± 0.5°C since normalization. Specification
valid on day of calibration.
2) SOP/DOP measurements are possible outside the specification wavelength
range if the user performs a manual calibration.
3) Input power > -30 dBm
4) DOP > 95%
5) User calibration requires a source with DOP = 100%.
Agilent N7781B/BD Polarization Analyzer Data Sheet
3
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Product specifications and descriptions
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© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2007,2008
Printed in USA, April 29, 2008
5989-8109EN