_äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç» Device Features Single Chip Bluetooth® Fully Qualified Bluetooth v2.0+EDR Full Speed Bluetooth Operation with Full Piconet Support Scatternet Support Low Power 1.8V operation 10 x 10mm 96-ball LFBGA Package Minimum External Components Integrated 1.8V Regulator Dual UART Ports RF Plug-n-Go Package 50Ω Matched Connection to Antenna RoHS Compliant v2.0 + EDR System Advance Information Data Sheet For BC419143B April 2006 Applications The _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç» is a single chip radio and baseband IC for Bluetooth 2.4GHz systems. It is implemented in 0.18µm CMOS technology. Automotive BC419143B contains 8Mbit of internal Flash memory. When used with CSR Bluetooth stack, it provides a fully compliant Bluetooth system to v2.0 + EDR of the specification for data and voice. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go has the same pinout and electrical characteristics as available in BlueCore4-ROM Plug-n-Go to enable development of custom code before committing to ROM. It also has the same pinout as BlueCore2-ROM Plug-n-Go and BlueCore2-Flash Plug-n-Go to keep compatibility. SPI RAM RF IN RF OUT 2.4 GHz Radio BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go has been designed to reduce the number of external components required which ensures production costs are minimised. The 0.8mm pitch BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go can be used on either two or four layer PCB construction. The device incorporates auto-calibration and built-in self-test (BIST) routines to simplify development, type approval and production test. All hardware and device firmware is fully compliant with the Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR specification. UART/ USB Flash I/O Baseband DSP PIO MCU PCM XTAL System Architecture Data Sheet Advance InformationCSR PLC2006 e2006BC419143B-ds-001P© 2006 CSR plc BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 1 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet General Description Contents 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 2 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet 5 Status Information .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Key Features .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Package Information ....................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 BC419143B Pinout Diagram ................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 BC419143B-ANN-E4 Device Terminal Functions ................................................................................. 10 Electrical Characteristics ............................................................................................................................. 14 4.1 Power Consumption .............................................................................................................................. 19 Radio Characteristics - Basic Data Rate ..................................................................................................... 20 5.1 Temperature +20°C ............................................................................................................................... 20 5.1.1 Transmitter ................................................................................................................................ 20 5.1.2 Receiver .................................................................................................................................... 22 5.2 Temperature -40°C ................................................................................................................................ 24 5.2.1 Transmitter ................................................................................................................................ 24 5.2.2 Receiver .................................................................................................................................... 24 5.3 Temperature -25°C ................................................................................................................................ 25 5.3.1 Transmitter ................................................................................................................................ 25 5.3.2 Receiver .................................................................................................................................... 25 5.4 Temperature +85°C ............................................................................................................................... 26 5.4.1 Transmitter ................................................................................................................................ 26 5.4.2 Receiver .................................................................................................................................... 26 Radio Characteristics - Enhanced Data Rate ............................................................................................. 27 6.1 Temperature +20°C ............................................................................................................................... 27 6.1.1 Transmitter ................................................................................................................................ 27 6.1.2 Receiver .................................................................................................................................... 28 6.2 Temperature -40°C ................................................................................................................................ 29 6.2.1 Transmitter ................................................................................................................................ 29 6.2.2 Receiver .................................................................................................................................... 29 6.3 Temperature -25°C ................................................................................................................................ 30 6.3.1 Transmitter ................................................................................................................................ 30 6.3.2 Receiver .................................................................................................................................... 30 6.4 Temperature +85°C ............................................................................................................................... 31 6.4.1 Transmitter ................................................................................................................................ 31 6.4.2 Receiver .................................................................................................................................... 31 Device Diagram ............................................................................................................................................ 32 Description of Functional Blocks ................................................................................................................ 33 8.1 RF Receiver ........................................................................................................................................... 33 8.1.1 Low Noise Amplifier .................................................................................................................. 33 8.1.2 Analogue to Digital Converter ................................................................................................... 33 8.2 RF Transmitter ....................................................................................................................................... 33 8.2.1 IQ Modulator ............................................................................................................................. 33 8.2.2 Power Amplifier ......................................................................................................................... 33 8.2.3 Auxiliary DAC ............................................................................................................................ 33 8.3 Balun and Filter ..................................................................................................................................... 33 8.4 RF Synthesiser ...................................................................................................................................... 33 8.5 Clock Input and Generation ................................................................................................................... 33 8.6 Baseband and Logic .............................................................................................................................. 33 8.6.1 Memory Management Unit ....................................................................................................... 33 8.6.2 Burst Mode Controller ............................................................................................................... 34 8.6.3 Physical Layer Hardware Engine DSP ..................................................................................... 34 BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 3 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet 8.6.4 System RAM ............................................................................................................................. 34 8.6.5 Flash Memory (8Mbit) ............................................................................................................... 34 8.6.6 USB .......................................................................................................................................... 34 8.6.7 Synchronous Serial Interface .................................................................................................... 34 8.6.8 UART ........................................................................................................................................ 34 8.7 Microcontroller ....................................................................................................................................... 34 8.7.1 Programmable I/O .................................................................................................................... 34 8.7.2 802.11 Co-Existence Interface ................................................................................................. 35 9 CSR Bluetooth Software Stacks .................................................................................................................. 36 9.1 BlueCore HCI Stack ............................................................................................................................. 36 9.1.1 Key Features of the HCI Stack: Standard Bluetooth Functionality ........................................... 37 9.1.2 Key Features of the HCI Stack: Extra Functionality .................................................................. 38 9.2 BlueCore RFCOMM Stack .................................................................................................................... 39 9.2.1 Key Features of the RFCOMM Stack ....................................................................................... 40 9.3 BlueCore Virtual Machine Stack ............................................................................................................ 41 9.4 BlueCore HID Stack .............................................................................................................................. 42 9.5 Host-Side Software ................................................................................................................................ 43 9.6 Device Firmware Upgrade ..................................................................................................................... 43 9.7 BCHS Software ..................................................................................................................................... 43 9.8 Additional Software for Other Embedded Applications .......................................................................... 43 9.9 CSR Development Systems .................................................................................................................. 43 10 Enhanced Data Rate ..................................................................................................................................... 44 10.1 Enhanced Data Rate Baseband ............................................................................................................ 44 10.2 Enhanced Data Rate π/4 DQPSK .......................................................................................................... 44 10.3 Enhanced Data Rate 8DPSK ................................................................................................................ 45 11 Device Terminal Descriptions ...................................................................................................................... 47 11.1 RF Ports ................................................................................................................................................ 47 11.1.1 RF Plug-n-Go ............................................................................................................................ 47 11.1.2 Single-Ended Input (RF_IN) ..................................................................................................... 48 11.2 External Reference Clock Input (XTAL_IN) ........................................................................................... 49 11.2.1 External Mode ........................................................................................................................... 49 11.2.2 XTAL_IN Impedance in External Mode .................................................................................... 49 11.2.3 Clock Timing Accuracy ............................................................................................................. 49 11.2.4 Clock Start-Up Delay ................................................................................................................ 50 11.2.5 Input Frequencies and PS Key Settings ................................................................................... 51 11.3 Crystal Oscillator (XTAL_IN, XTAL_OUT) ............................................................................................. 52 11.3.1 XTAL Mode ............................................................................................................................... 52 11.3.2 Load Capacitance ..................................................................................................................... 53 11.3.3 Frequency Trim ......................................................................................................................... 54 11.3.4 Transconductance Driver Model ............................................................................................... 55 11.3.5 Negative Resistance Model ...................................................................................................... 55 11.3.6 Crystal PS Key Settings ............................................................................................................ 56 11.3.7 Crystal Oscillator Characteristics .............................................................................................. 56 11.4 UART Interface ...................................................................................................................................... 59 11.4.1 UART Bypass ........................................................................................................................... 61 11.4.2 UART Configuration While RESET is Active ............................................................................ 61 11.4.3 UART Bypass Mode ................................................................................................................. 61 11.4.4 Current Consumption in UART Bypass Mode .......................................................................... 61 11.5 USB Interface ........................................................................................................................................ 62 11.5.1 USB Data Connections ............................................................................................................. 62 11.5.2 USB Pull-Up Resistor ............................................................................................................... 62 11.5.3 USB Power Supply ................................................................................................................... 62 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 4 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet 12 13 11.5.4 Self-Powered Mode .................................................................................................................. 63 11.5.5 Bus-Powered Mode .................................................................................................................. 63 11.5.6 Suspend Current ....................................................................................................................... 64 11.5.7 Detach and Wake_Up Signalling .............................................................................................. 64 11.5.8 USB Driver ................................................................................................................................ 65 11.5.9 USB 1.1 Compliance ................................................................................................................ 65 11.5.10 USB 2.0 Compatibility ............................................................................................................... 65 11.6 Serial Peripheral Interface ..................................................................................................................... 66 11.6.1 Instruction Cycle ....................................................................................................................... 66 11.6.2 Writing to the Device ................................................................................................................. 67 11.6.3 Reading from the Device .......................................................................................................... 67 11.6.4 Multi-Slave Operation ............................................................................................................... 67 11.7 PCM CODEC Interface .......................................................................................................................... 68 11.7.1 PCM Interface Master/Slave ..................................................................................................... 68 11.7.2 Long Frame Sync ..................................................................................................................... 69 11.7.3 Short Frame Sync ..................................................................................................................... 69 11.7.4 Multi-slot Operation ................................................................................................................... 70 11.7.5 GCI Interface ............................................................................................................................ 70 11.7.6 Slots and Sample Formats ....................................................................................................... 71 11.7.7 Additional Features ................................................................................................................... 72 11.7.8 PCM Timing Information ........................................................................................................... 73 11.7.9 PCM Configuration ................................................................................................................... 76 11.8 I/O Parallel Ports ................................................................................................................................... 80 11.8.1 PIO Defaults ............................................................................................................................. 80 11.9 TCXO Enable OR Function ................................................................................................................... 82 11.10 RESET and RESETB ............................................................................................................................ 83 11.10.1 Pin States on Reset .................................................................................................................. 84 11.10.2 Status after Reset ..................................................................................................................... 84 11.11 Power Supply ........................................................................................................................................ 85 11.11.1 Voltage Regulator (Plug-n-Go) ................................................................................................. 85 11.11.2 Sequencing ............................................................................................................................... 85 11.11.3 Sensitivity to Disturbances ........................................................................................................ 85 11.11.4 VREG_EN Pin .......................................................................................................................... 85 Product Reliability Tests .............................................................................................................................. 86 Product Reliability Tests for BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go Automotive .................................................... 87 13.1 AEC-Q100 ............................................................................................................................................. 87 Application Schematic .................................................................................................................................. 88 Package Dimensions .................................................................................................................................... 89 15.1 10 x 10 LFBGA 96-Ball 1.6mm Package .............................................................................................. 89 RoHS Statement with a List of Banned Materials ...................................................................................... 90 16.1 RoHS Statement .................................................................................................................................... 90 16.1.1 List of Banned Materials ........................................................................................................... 90 Ordering Information .................................................................................................................................... 91 17.1 BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go .................................................................................................................. 91 Contact Information ...................................................................................................................................... 92 Document References .................................................................................................................................. 93 Terms and Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 94 Document History ......................................................................................................................................... 97 List of Figures BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go 10 x 10mm LFBGA Package ........................................................... 9 BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go Device Diagram ............................................................................. 32 BlueCore HCI Stack.................................................................................................................... 36 BlueCore RFCOMM Stack.......................................................................................................... 39 Virtual Machine ........................................................................................................................... 41 HID Stack.................................................................................................................................... 42 Basic Rate and Enhanced Data Rate Packet Structure.............................................................. 44 π/4 DQPSK Constellation Pattern ............................................................................................... 45 8DPSK Constellation Pattern...................................................................................................... 46 Circuit for RF_CONNECT ........................................................................................................... 47 Circuit RF_IN .............................................................................................................................. 48 TCXO Clock Accuracy ................................................................................................................ 49 Crystal Driver Circuit ................................................................................................................... 52 Crystal Equivalent Circuit............................................................................................................ 52 Crystal Load Capacitance and Series Resistance Limits with Crystal Frequency...................... 56 Crystal Driver Transconductance vs. Driver Level Register Setting ........................................... 57 Crystal Driver Negative Resistance as a Function of Drive Level Setting .................................. 58 Universal Asynchronous Receiver .............................................................................................. 59 Break Signal................................................................................................................................ 60 UART Bypass Architecture ......................................................................................................... 61 USB Connections for Self-Powered Mode.................................................................................. 63 USB Connections for Bus-Powered Mode.................................................................................. 64 USB_DETACH and USB_WAKE_UP Signal.............................................................................. 65 SPI Write Operation .................................................................................................................... 67 SPI Read Operation.................................................................................................................... 67 BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go as PCM Interface Master............................................................... 68 BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go as PCM Interface Slave................................................................. 69 Long Frame Sync (Shown with 8-bit Companded Sample) ........................................................ 69 Short Frame Sync (Shown with 16-bit Sample) .......................................................................... 70 Multi-slot Operation with Two Slots and 8-bit Companded Samples .......................................... 70 GCI Interface............................................................................................................................... 71 16-Bit Slot Length and Sample Formats ..................................................................................... 72 PCM Master Timing Long Frame Sync....................................................................................... 74 PCM Master Timing Short Frame Sync ...................................................................................... 74 PCM Slave Timing Long Frame Sync......................................................................................... 75 PCM Slave Timing Short Frame Sync ........................................................................................ 76 Example TCXO Enable OR Function.......................................................................................... 82 Application Circuit for Radio Characteristics Specification ......................................................... 88 BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go 96-Ball LFBGA 1.6mm Package Dimensions................................ 89 List of Tables Table 10.1 Table 10.2 Table 10.3 Table 11.1 Table 11.2 Table 11.3 Table 11.4 Table 11.5 Data Rate Schemes.................................................................................................................... 44 2-Bits Determine Phase Shift Between Consecutive Symbols ................................................... 45 3-Bits Determine Phase Shift Between Consecutive Symbols ................................................... 46 External Clock Specifications...................................................................................................... 49 PS Key Values for CDMA/3G Phone TCXO Frequencies .......................................................... 51 Crystal Specification ................................................................................................................... 53 Possible UART Settings.............................................................................................................. 59 Standard Baud Rates.................................................................................................................. 60 BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 5 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Figure 3.1 Figure 7.1 Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2 Figure 9.3 Figure 9.4 Figure 10.1 Figure 10.2 Figure 10.3 Figure 11.1 Figure 11.2 Figure 11.3 Figure 11.4 Figure 11.5 Figure 11.6 Figure 11.7 Figure 11.8 Figure 11.9 Figure 11.10 Figure 11.11 Figure 11.12 Figure 11.13 Figure 11.14 Figure 11.15 Figure 11.16 Figure 11.17 Figure 11.18 Figure 11.19 Figure 11.20 Figure 11.21 Figure 11.22 Figure 11.23 Figure 11.24 Figure 11.25 Figure 11.26 Figure 11.27 Figure 11.28 Figure 14.1 Figure 15.1 Table 11.6 Table 11.7 Table 11.8 Table 11.9 Table 11.10 Table 11.11 Table 11.12 USB Interface Component Values .............................................................................................. 63 Instruction Cycle for an SPI Transaction..................................................................................... 66 PCM Master Timing .................................................................................................................... 73 PCM Slave Timing ...................................................................................................................... 75 PSKEY_PCM_CONFIG32 Description ....................................................................................... 78 PSKEY_PCM_LOW_JITTER_CONFIG Description................................................................... 79 Pin States of BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go on Reset................................................................... 84 List of Equations Load Capacitance ....................................................................................................................... 53 Trim Capacitance........................................................................................................................ 54 Frequency Trim........................................................................................................................... 54 Pullability..................................................................................................................................... 54 Transconductance Required for Oscillation ................................................................................ 55 Equivalent Negative Resistance ................................................................................................. 55 Baud Rate ................................................................................................................................... 60 PCM_CLK Frequency When Being Generated Using the Internal 48MHz Clock....................... 76 PCM_SYNC Frequency Relative to PCM_CLK .......................................................................... 76 BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 6 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Equation 11.1 Equation 11.2 Equation 11.3 Equation 11.4 Equation 11.5 Equation 11.6 Equation 11.7 Equation 11.8 Equation 11.9 Status Information 1 Status Information The status of this Data Sheet is Advance Information. CSR Product Data Sheets progress according to the following format: Advance Information Information for designers concerning CSR product in development. All values specified are the target values of the design. Minimum and maximum values specified are only given as guidance to the final specification limits and must not be considered as the final values. Pre-Production Information Pinout and mechanical dimension specifications finalised. All values specified are the target values of the design. Minimum and maximum values specified are only given as guidance to the final specification limits and must not be considered as the final values. All electrical specifications may be changed by CSR without notice. Production Information Final Data Sheet including the guaranteed minimum and maximum limits for the electrical specifications. Production Data Sheets supersede all previous document versions. Life Support Policy and Use in Safety-Critical Applications CSR's products are not authorised for use in life-support or safety-critical applications. Use in such applications is done at the sole discretion of the customer. CSR will not warrant the use of its devices in such applications. RoHS Compliance BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go devices meet the requirements of Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Restriction of Hazardous Substance (RoHS). Trademarks, Patents and Licenses Unless otherwise stated, words and logos marked with ™ or ® are trademarks registered or owned by CSR plc or its affiliates. Bluetooth® and the Bluetooth logos are trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and licensed to CSR. Other products, services and names used in this document may have been trademarked by their respective owners. The publication of this information does not imply that any license is granted under any patent or other rights owned by CSR plc. CSR reserves the right to make technical changes to its products as part of its development programme. While every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this document, CSR cannot accept responsibility for any errors. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 7 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet All detailed specifications including pinouts and electrical specifications may be changed by CSR without notice. Key Features 2 Key Features Baseband and Software Radio Direct 50Ω connection to a common TX/RX antenna Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification compliant Extensive built-in self-test minimises production test time No external trimming is required in production Antenna matching and filtering within IC Internal programmed 8Mbit flash for complete system solution 48kbyte on-chip RAM allows full speed Bluetooth data transfer, mixed voice and data, plus full seven slave piconet operation Logic for forward error correction, header error control, access code correlation, demodulation, CRC, encryption bitstream generation, whitening and transmit pulse shaping Transcoders for A-law, µ-law and linear voice from host and A-law, µ-law and CVSD voice over air Transmitter +6dBm RF transmit power with level control from on-chip 6-bit DAC over a dynamic range >30dB Class 2 and Class 3 support without the need for an external power amplifier or TX/RX switch Physical Interfaces Receiver Synchronous serial interface up to 4M baud for system debugging Integrated channel filters Digital demodulator for improved sensitivity and co-channel rejection UART interface with programmable baud rate up to 3M baud with an optional bypass mode Real time digitised RSSI available on HCI interface Full speed USB interface supports OHCI and UHCI host interfaces. Compliant with USB v2.0 Fast AGC for enhanced dynamic range Synchronous bi-directional serial programmable audio interface Optional I2C™ compatible interface Synthesiser Fully integrated synthesiser requires no external VCO varactor diode, resonator or loop filter Bluetooth Stack Compatible with crystals between 8 and 32MHz (in multiples of 250kHz) or an external clock CSR's Bluetooth Protocol Stack runs on-chip in a variety of configurations: Accepts 7.68, 14.4, 15.36, 16.2, 16.8, 19.2, 19.44, 19.68, 19.8 and 38.4MHz TCXO frequencies for GSM and CDMA devices with sinusoidal or logic level signals Standard HCI (UART or USB) Fully embedded to RFCOMM Customer specific builds with embedded application code Auxiliary Features Package Options Crystal oscillator with built-in digital trimming Power management includes digital shutdown, and wake up commands with an integrated low power oscillator for ultra low Park/Sniff/Hold mode Clock request output to control external clock On-chip linear regulator, producing 1.8V output from 2.2V to 4.2V input Power on reset cell detects low supply voltage Arbitrary power supply sequencing permitted 8-bit ADC and DAC available to application BC419143B-ds-001Pe 96-ball LFBGA 10 x 10 x 1.6mm 0.8mm pitch Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 8 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Package Information 3 3.1 Package Information BC419143B Pinout Diagram _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Figure 3.1: BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go 10 x 10mm LFBGA Package BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 9 of 97 Package Information 3.2 BC419143B-ANN-E4 Device Terminal Functions Ball Pad Type Description RF_IN D2 Analogue Single ended receiver input PIO[0]/RXEN D3 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line PIO[1]/TXEN C4 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line BAL_MATCH A1 Analogue Tie to VSS_RADIO RF_CONNECT B1 Analogue 50Ω RF matched I/O AUX_DAC C2 Analogue Voltage DAC output Synthesiser and Oscillator Ball Pad Type Description XTAL_IN L3 Analogue For crystal or external clock input XTAL_OUT L4 Analogue Drive for crystal PCM Interface Ball Pad Type Description PCM_OUT G10 CMOS output, tristatable with weak internal pull-down Synchronous data output PCM_IN H11 CMOS input, with weak internal pull-down Synchronous data input PCM_SYNC G11 Bi-directional with weak internal pull-down Synchronous data sync PCM_CLK H10 Bi-directional with weak internal pull-down Synchronous data clock USB and UART Ball Pad Type Description UART_TX J10 CMOS output, tri-state with weak internal pull-up UART data output active low UART_RX J11 CMOS input with weak internal pull-down UART data input active low (idle status high) UART_RTS L11 CMOS output, tristatable with weak internal pull-up UART request to send active low UART_CTS K11 CMOS input with weak internal pull-down UART clear to send active low USB_DP L9 Bi-directional USB data plus with selectable internal 1.5kΩ pull-up resistor USB_DN L8 Bi-directional USB data minus BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 10 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Radio Package Information Test and Debug Ball Pad Type Description F9 CMOS input with weak internal pull-down Reset if high. Input debounced so must be high for >5ms to cause a reset RESETB G9 CMOS input with weak internal pull-up Reset if low. Input debounced so must be low for >5ms to cause a reset SPI_CSB C10 CMOS input with weak internal pull-up Chip select for Serial Peripheral Interface, active low SPI_CLK D10 CMOS input with weak internal pull-down Serial Peripheral Interface clock SPI_MOSI D11 CMOS input with weak internal pull-down Serial Peripheral Interface data input SPI_MISO C11 CMOS output, tristatable with weak internal pull-down Serial Peripheral Interface data output TEST_EN E9 CMOS input with strong internal pull-down For test purposes only (leave unconnected) FLASH_EN B10 No Connect Not available for BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 11 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet RESET Package Information Ball Pad Type Description PIO[2] C3 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line PIO[3] B2 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line PIO[4] H9 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line PIO[5] J8 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line PIO[6] K8 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line PIO[7] K9 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line PIO[8] B3 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line PIO[9] B4 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line PIO[10] A4 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line PIO[11] A5 Bi-directional with programmable strength internal pull-up/down Programmable input/output line AIO[0] K5 Bi-directional Programmable input/output line AIO[1] J6 Bi-directional Programmable input/output line AIO[2] K7 Bi-directional Programmable input/output line BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet PIO Port Page 12 of 97 Package Information Power Supplies and Control Ball Pad Type Description L7 Regulator input Linear regulator voltage input VREG_EN J2 Digital input Active high, regulator enable pin with internal pull-up VDD_USB L10 VDD Positive supply for UART/USB ports VDD_PIO A3 VDD Positive supply for PIO and AUX DAC(a) VDD_PADS E11 VDD Positive supply for all other digital input/output ports(b) VDD_DIG L6 Regulator output Positive 1.8V supply output for VDD_MEM and VDD_CORE VDD_MEM B11, K6 VDD Positive supply for internal memory and AIO ports VDD_CORE F11 VDD Positive supply for internal digital circuitry VDD_RADIO E3 VDD Positive supply for RF circuitry VDD_ANA L5 VDD/Regulator output Positive supply for analogue circuitry and 1.8V regulated output VDD_BALUN F1 VDD Positive supply for balun VSS_PADS A2, E10, K10 VSS Ground connection for input/output VSS_MEM D9, J9 VSS Ground connections for AIO and Extended PIO ports VSS_CORE F10 VSS Ground connection for internal digital circuitry VSS_RADIO E2, F3, G2 VSS Ground connections for RF circuitry VSS_VCO G3, H2 H3 VSS Ground connections for VCO and synthesiser VSS_ANA K4 VSS Ground connection for analogue circuitry G1,J1, K1 VSS Ground connection for balun VSS_BALUN (a) (b) Positive supply for PIO[3:0] and PIO[11:8] Positive supply for SPI/PCM ports and PIO[7:4] Unconnected Terminals Ball Description N/C A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, C1, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, D1, E1, F2, H1, J3, J4, J5, J7, K2, K3, L1, L2 Leave unconnected BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 13 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet VREG_IN Electrical Characteristics 4 Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings Rating Max Storage Temperature -40°C +125°C Supply Voltage: VDD_MEM, VDD_RADIO, VDD_ANA, VDD_BAL and VDD_CORE -0.4V 2.2V Supply Voltage: VDD_PADS, VDD_PIO and VDD_USB -0.4V 3.7V Supply Voltage: VREG_IN -0.4V 5.6V VSS-0.4V VDD+0.4V Min Max -40°C +85°C -25°C +85°C Supply Voltage: VDD_MEM, VDD_RADIO, VDD_ANA and VDD_CORE 1.7V 1.9V Supply Voltage: VDD_PADS, VDD_PIO and VDD_USB 1.7V 3.6V Supply Voltage: VREG_IN 2.2V 4.2V(b) Other Terminal Voltages Recommended Operating Conditions Operating Condition Operating Temperature Range Guaranteed RF performance range (a) (b) (a) Typical figures are given for RF performance between -40°C and +85°C. The device will operate without damage with VREG_IN as high as 5.6V, however the RF performance is not guaranteed above 4.2V. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 14 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Min Electrical Characteristics Input/Output Terminal Characteristics (Supply) Linear Regulator Min Typ Max Unit Output Voltage(a) (Iload = 70 mA) 1.70 1.78 1.85 V Temperature Coefficient -250 - +250 ppm/°C - - 1 mV rms Load Regulation (Iload < 100 mA) - - 50 mV/A Settling Time(b) (d) - - 50 µs 140 - - mA 5 - - µA Normal Operation Output Noise(b) (c) Minimum Load Current Input Voltage - - 4.2(e) Dropout Voltage (Iload = 70 mA) - - 350 mV 25 35 50 µA 4 7 10 µA 1.5 2.5 3.5 µA Quiescent Current (excluding Ioad, Iload < 1mA) Low Power V Mode(f) Quiescent Current (excluding Ioad, Iload < 100µA) Disabled Mode(g) Quiescent Current (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) For optimum performance, the VDD_ANA ball adjacent to VREG_IN should be used for regulator output, Regulator output connected to 47nF pure and 4.7µF 2.2Ω ESR capacitors. Frequency range is 100Hz to 100kHz. 1mA to 70mA pulsed load. Operation up to 5.6V is permissible without damage and without the output voltage rising sufficiently to damage the rest of BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go, but output regulation and other specifications are no longer guaranteed at input voltages in excess of 4.2V. Low power mode is entered and exited automatically when the chip enters/leaves Deep Sleep mode. Regulator is disabled when VREG_EN is pulled low. It is also disabled when VREG_IN is either open circuit or driven to the same voltage as VDD_ANA. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 15 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Maximum Output Current Electrical Characteristics Input/Output Terminal Characteristics (Digital) Digital Terminals Min Typ Max Unit 2.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.0V -0.4 - +0.8 V 1.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 1.9V -0.4 - +0.4 V 0.7VDD - VDD+0.4 V - - 0.2 V - - 0.4 V VDD-0.2 - - V VDD-0.4 - - V Strong pull-up -100 -40 -10 µA Strong pull-down +10 +40 +100 µA Weak pull-up -5.0 -1.0 -0.2 µA Weak pull-down +0.2 +1.0 +5.0 µA I/O pad leakage current -1 0 +1 µA CI Input Capacitance 1.0 - 5.0 pF Input Voltage Levels VIL input logic level low VIH input logic level high VOL output logic level low, (lo = 4.0mA), 2.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.0V VOL output logic level low, (lo = 4.0mA), 1.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 1.9V VOH output logic level high, (lo = -4.0mA), 2.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.0V VOH output logic level high, (lo = -4.0mA), 1.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 1.9V Input and Tri-state Current with: USB Terminals Min VDD_USB for correct USB operation 3.1 Typ Max Unit 3.6 V Input Threshold VIL input logic level low - - 0.3VDD_USB V VIH input logic level high 0.7VDD_USB - - V VSS_PADS < VIN < VDD_USB(a) -1 1 5 µA CI Input capacitance 2.5 - 10.0 pF VOL output logic level low 0.0 - 0.2 V VOH output logic level high 2.8 - VDD_USB V Input Leakage Current Output Voltage Levels to Correctly Terminated USB Cable (a) Internal USB pull-up disabled BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 16 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Output Voltage Levels Electrical Characteristics Min Typ Max Unit VDD_CORE falling threshold 1.40 1.50 1.60 V VDD_CORE rising threshold 1.50 1.60 1.70 V Hysteresis 0.05 0.10 0.15 V Auxiliary ADC Min Typ Max Unit - - 8 Bits 0 - VDD_ANA V Resolution Input voltage range (LSB size = VDD_ANA/255) Accuracy INL -1 - 1 LSB (Guaranteed monotonic) DNL 0 - 1 LSB -1 - 1 LSB -0.8 - 0.8 % Input Bandwidth - 100 - kHz Conversion time - 2.5 - µs - - 700 Samples/s Offset Gain Error Sample (a) rate(a) ADC is accessed through the VM function. The sample rate given is achieved as part of this function. Auxiliary DAC Resolution Average output step size(a) Min Typ Max Unit - - 8 Bits 12.5 14.5 17.0 mV monotonic(a) Output Voltage Voltage range (IO=0mA) VSS_PADS - VDD_PIO V -10.0 - 0.1 mA Minimum output voltage (IO=100µA) 0.0 - 0.2 V Maximum output voltage (IO=10mA) VDD_PIO-0.3 - VDD_PIO V -1 - 1 µA -220 - 120 mV Integral non-linearity(a) -2 - 2 LSB Settling time (50pF load) - - 10 µs Current range High Impedance leakage current Offset (a) Specified for an output voltage between 0.2V and VDD_PIO -0.2V. Output is high impedance when chip is in Deep Sleep mode. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 17 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Power-on Reset Electrical Characteristics Crystal Oscillator Typ Max Unit 8.0 - 32.0 MHz range(b) 5.0 6.2 8.0 pF - 0.1 - pF 2.0 - - mS 870 1500 2400 Ω Input frequency(d) 7.5 - 40.0 MHz Clock input level(e) 0.2 - VDD_ANA V pk-pk Allowable Jitter - - 15 ps rms XTAL_IN input impedance - - - kΩ XTAL_IN input capacitance - 7 - pF Crystal Digital trim Trim step size(b) Transconductance Negative resistance(c) External Clock (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Integer multiple of 250kHz The difference between the internal capacitance at minimum and maximum settings of the internal digital trim. XTAL frequency = 16MHz; XTAL C0 = 0.75pF; XTAL load capacitance = 8.5pF. Clock input can be any frequency between 8MHz and 40MHz in steps of 250kHz plus CDMA/3G TCXO frequencies of 7.68, 14.44, 15.36, 16.2, 16.8, 19.2, 19.44, 19.68, 19.8 and 38.4MHz. Clock input can be either sinusoidal or square wave. If the peaks of the signal are below VSS_ANA or above VDD_ANA. A DC blocking capacitor is required between the signal and XTAL_IN. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 18 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Min frequency(a) Electrical Characteristics 4.1 Power Consumption Typical Average Current Consumption VDD=1.8V Temperature = +20°C Mode Output Power = +4dBm Unit SCO connection HV3 (30ms interval Sniff Mode) (Slave) 21 mA SCO connection HV3 (30ms interval Sniff Mode) (Master) 21 mA SCO connection HV3 (No Sniff Mode) (Slave) 28 mA SCO connection HV1 (Slave) 42 mA SCO connection HV1 (Master) 42 mA ACL data transfer 115.2kbps UART no traffic (Master) 5 mA ACL data transfer 115.2kbps UART no traffic (Slave) 22 mA ACL data transfer 720kbps UART (Master or Slave) 45 mA ACL data transfer 720kbps USB (Master or Slave) 45 mA ACL connection, Sniff Mode 40ms interval, 38.4kbps UART 3.2 mA ACL connection, Sniff Mode 1.28s interval, 38.4kbps UART 0.45 mA Parked Slave, 1.28s beacon interval, 38.4kbps UART 0.55 mA Standby Mode (Connected to host, no RF activity) 47.0 µA Reset (RESET high or RESETB low) 15.0 µA Typical Peak Current at +20°C Device Activity/State Current (mA) Peak Current during cold boot (100ms sampling interval) - Peak TX Current Average across burst) - Peak RX Current - Average RX Current across burst - Conditions VREG_IN, VDD_PIO, VDD_PADS - Host Interface - Baud Rate - Clock Source - Output Power - Receive Sensitivity - Device Mode - Packet Type - BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 19 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Average Radio Characteristics - Basic Data Rate 5 Radio Characteristics - Basic Data Rate 5.1 Temperature +20°C 5.1.1 Transmitter Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = +20°C Bluetooth Specification Typ Max Maximum RF transmit power(a) (b) - 2.5 - RF power variation over temperature range with compensation enabled(±)(d) - 1.5 - - dB RF power variation over temperature range with compensation disabled(±)(d) - 2.5 - - dB RF power control range - 35 - ≥16 dB RF power range control resolution(e) - 0.5 - - dB 20dB bandwidth for modulated carrier - 780 - ≤1000 kHz - -40 - ≤-20 dBm - -45 - ≤-40 dBm - -50 - ≤-40 dBm ∆f1avg Maximum Modulation - 165 - 140<f1avg<175 kHz ∆f2max Minimum Modulation - 150 - 115 kHz ∆f1avg/∆f2avg - 0.97 - ≥0.80 - Initial carrier frequency tolerance - 6 - ±75 kHz Drift Rate - 7 - ≤20 kHz/50µs Drift (single slot packet) - 8 - ≤25 kHz Drift (five slot packet) - 9 - ≤40 kHz 2nd Harmonic Content - TBD - ≤-30 dBm 3rd Harmonic Content - TBD - ≤-30 dBm Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0 ± 2MHz(f) (g) Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0 ± 3MHz(f) (g) Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0 ± > 3MHz(f) (g) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) -6 to +4(c) Unit dBm The BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go firmware maintains the transmit power within Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification limits Measurement using PSKEY_LC_MAX_TX_POWER setting corresponding to a PSKEY_LC_POWER_TABLE power table entry = 63 Class 2 RF transmit power range, Bluetooth specification v2.0+EDR These parameters are dependent on matching circuit used, and its behaviour over temperature, therefore these parameters are not under CSR's direct control Resolution guaranteed over the range -5dB to -25dB relative to maximum power for Tx Level > 20 Measured at F0 = 2441MHz BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go guaranteed to meet ACP performance in Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification, three exceptions allowed. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 20 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Min Radio Characteristics - Basic Data Rate Radio Characteristics (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Temperature = +20°C Frequency (GHz) Min Typ Max Cellular Band 0.869 - 0.894(a) - TBD - GSM 850 0.869 - 0.894(b) - TBD - CDMA 850 0.925 - 0.960(a) - TBD - GSM 900 1.570 - 1.580(c) - TBD - GPS 1.805 - 1.880(a) - TBD - GSM 1800 / DCS 1800 1.930 - 1.990(d) - TBD - PCS 1900 1.930 - 1.990(b) - TBD - GSM 1900 1.930 - 1.990(a) - TBD - CDMA 1900 2.110 - 2.170(b) - TBD - W-CDMA 2000 2.110 - 2.170(e) - TBD - W-CDMA 2000 Unit dBm / Hz Integrated in 200kHz bandwidth and then normalised to 1Hz bandwidth Integrated in 1.2MHz bandwidth and then normalised to 1Hz bandwidth Integrated in 1MHz bandwidth and then normalised to 1Hz bandwidth Integrated in 30kHz bandwidth and then normalised to 1Hz bandwidth Integrated in 5MHz bandwidth and then normalised to 1Hz bandwidth BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 21 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Emitted power in cellular bands measured at unbalanced port of the balun. Output power = TBDdBm VDD = 1.8V Radio Characteristics - Basic Data Rate 5.1.2 Receiver Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Min Typ Max 2.402 - -85.0 - 2.441 - -85.0 - 2.480 - -87.0 - - 0 Frequency (MHz) Min 30-2000 2000-2400 Maximum received signal at 0.1% BER Bluetooth Specification Unit ≤70 dBm - ≥20 dBm Typ Max Bluetooth Specification Unit - 0 - -10 - 0 - -27 dBm 2500-3000 - 0 - -27 - 6 - ≤11 dB - -5 - ≤0 dB - -4 - ≤0 dB - -38 - ≤-30 dB - -23 - ≤-20 dB - -45 - ≤-40 dB - -44 - ≤-40 dB - -22 - ≤-9 dB Maximum level of intermodulation interferers(c) - TBD - ≤-39 dBm Spurious output level(d) - TBD - - dBm/Hz C/I co-channel Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 + 1MHz(a) (b) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 - 1MHz(a) (b) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 + 2MHz(a) (b) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 - 2MHz(a) (b) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 + 3MHz(a) (b) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = F0 -5MHz(a) (b) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F = FImage(a) (b) (a) (b) (c) (d) Up to five exceptions are allowed in v2.0+EDR of the Bluetooth specification. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is guaranteed to meet the C/I performance as specified by the Bluetooth specification v2.0+EDR. Measured at F = 2441MHz Measured at f1 - f2 = 5MHz. Measurement is performed in accordance with Bluetooth RF test RCV/CA/05/c., i.e., wanted signal at -64dBm. Measured at unbalanced port of the balun. Integrated in 100kHz bandwidth and normalised to 1Hz. Actual figure is typically below -150dBm/Hz except for peaks of -70dbm at 1600MHz, -60dBm inband at 2.4GHz and -70dBm at 3.2GHz. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 22 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Frequency (GHz) Sensitivity at 0.1% BER for all packet types Continuous power required to block Bluetooth reception (for input power of -67dBm with 0.1% BER) measured at the unbalanced port of the balun. Temperature = +20°C Radio Characteristics - Basic Data Rate Radio Characteristics Continuous power in cellular bands required to block Bluetooth reception (for input power of -72dBm with 0.1% BER) measured at unbalanced port of the balun. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Temperature = +20°C Frequency (GHz) Min Typ Max Cellular Band 0.824 - 0.849 - 0 - GSM 850 0.824 - 0.849 - -10 - CDMA 850 0.880 - 0.915 - -5 - GSM 900 1.710 - 1.785 - 0 - GSM 1800 / DCS 1800 1.850 - 1.910 - 0 - GSM 1900 / PCS 1900 1.850 - 1.910 - -7 - CDMA 1900 1.920 - 1.980 - -10 - W-CDMA 2000 0.824 - 0.849 - -2 - GSM 850 0.824 - 0.849 - -12 - CDMA 850 0.880 - 0.915 - -7 - GSM 900 1.710 - 1.785 - 0 - GSM 1800 / DCS 1800 1.850 - 1.910 - 0 - GSM 1900 / PCS 1900 1.850 - 1.910 - -12 - CDMA 1900 1.920 - 1.980 - -14 - W-CDMA 2000 Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Unit dBm dBm Page 23 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Continuous power in cellular bands required to block Bluetooth reception (for input power of -67dBm with 0.1% BER) measured at unbalanced port of the balun. VDD = 1.8V Radio Characteristics - Basic Data Rate 5.2 Temperature -40°C 5.2.1 Transmitter Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = -40°C Bluetooth Specification Min Typ Max Maximum RF transmit power(a) - 3.5 - RF power control range - 35 - ≥16 dB RF power range control resolution - 0.5 - - dB 20dB bandwidth for modulated carrier - 780 - ≤1000 kHz - -40 - ≤-20 dBm - -45 - ≤-40 dBm ∆f1avg Maximum Modulation - 165 - 140<∆f1avg<175 kHz ∆f2max Minimum Modulation - 151 - 115 kHz ∆f2avg/∆f1avg - 0.97 - ≥0.80 - Initial carrier frequency tolerance - 10 - ±75 kHz Drift Rate - 7 - ≤20 kHz/50µs Drift (single slot packet) - 8 - ≤25 kHz Drift (five slot packet) - 12 - ≤40 kHz F = F0 ± 2MHz(c) (d) Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0 ± 3MHz (a) (b) (c) (d) 5.2.2 dBm BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go firmware maintains the transmit power to be within the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification limits Class 2 RF transmit power range, Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification Measured at F0 = 2441MHz Three exceptions are allowed in Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification Receiver Radio Characteristics Sensitivity at 0.1% BER for all packet types VDD = 1.8V Frequency (GHz) Min Typ Max 2.402 - -86 - 2.441 - -86 - 2.480 - -88 - - TBD - Maximum received signal at 0.1% BER BC419143B-ds-001Pe Temperature = -40°C Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Bluetooth Specification Unit ≤-70 dBm ≥-20 dBm Page 24 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Adjacent channel transmit power -6 to +4(b) Unit Radio Characteristics - Basic Data Rate 5.3 Temperature -25°C 5.3.1 Transmitter Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = -25°C Bluetooth Specification Unit -6 to +4(b) dBm Typ Max Maximum RF transmit power(a) - 3.0 - RF power control range - 35 - ≥16 dB RF power range control resolution - 0.5 - - dB 20dB bandwidth for modulated carrier - 780 - ≤1000 kHz - -40 - ≤-20 dBm - -45 - ≤-40 dBm ∆f1avg Maximum Modulation - 165 - 140<∆f1avg<175 kHz ∆f2max Minimum Modulation - 151 - 115 kHz ∆f2avg/∆f1avg - 0.97 - ≥0.80 - Initial carrier frequency tolerance - 8 - ±75 kHz Drift Rate - 7 - ≤20 kHz/50µs Drift (single slot packet) - 8 - ≤25 kHz Drift (five slot packet) - 12 - ≤40 kHz Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0± 2MHz(c) (d) Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0± 3MHz(c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d) 5.3.2 BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go firmware maintains the transmit power to be within the Bluetooth specification v2.0+EDR limits. Class 2 RF transmit power range, Bluetooth specification v2.0+EDR Measured at F0 = 2441MHz Up to three exceptions are allowed in v2.0+EDR of the Bluetooth specification. Receiver Radio Characteristics Sensitivity at 0.1% BER for all packet types VDD = 1.8V Frequency (GHz) Min Typ Max 2.402 - -86 - 2.441 - -86 - 2.480 - -87 - - TBD - Maximum received signal at 0.1% BER BC419143B-ds-001Pe Temperature = -25°C Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Bluetooth Specification Unit ≤-70 dBm ≥-20 dBm Page 25 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Min Radio Characteristics - Basic Data Rate 5.4 Temperature +85°C 5.4.1 Transmitter Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = +85°C Bluetooth Specification Unit -6 to +4(b) dBm Typ Max Maximum RF transmit power(a) - 0 - RF power control range - 35 - ≥16 dB RF power range control resolution - 0.5 - - dB 20dB bandwidth for modulated carrier - 780 - ≤1000 kHz - -40 - ≤-20 dBm - -45 - ≤-40 dBm ∆f1avg Maximum Modulation - 165 - 140<∆f1avg<175 kHz ∆f2max Minimum Modulation - 148 - 115 kHz ∆f2avg/∆f1avg - 0.97 - ≥0.80 - Initial carrier frequency tolerance - 7 - ±75 kHz Drift Rate - 7 - ≤20 kHz/50µs Drift (single slot packet) - 8 - ≤25 kHz Drift (five slot packet) - 9 - ≤40 kHz Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0± 2MHz(c) (d) Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0± 3MHz(c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d) 5.4.2 BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go firmware maintains the transmit power to be within the Bluetooth specification v2.0+EDR limits Class 2 RF transmit power range, Bluetooth specification v2.0+EDR Measured at F0 = 2441MHz Up to three exceptions are allowed in v2.0+EDR of the Bluetooth specification Receiver Radio Characteristics Sensitivity at 0.1% BER for all packet types VDD = 1.8V Frequency (GHz) Min Typ Max 2.402 - -81 - 2.441 - -81 - 2.480 - -82 - -20 TBD - Maximum received signal at 0.1% BER BC419143B-ds-001Pe Temperature = +85°C Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Bluetooth Specification Unit ≤-70 dBm ≥-20 dBm Page 26 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Min Radio Characteristics - Enhanced Data Rate 6 Radio Characteristics - Enhanced Data Rate 6.1 Temperature +20°C 6.1.1 Transmitter Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = +20°C Bluetooth Specification Typ Max Maximum RF transmit power(a) - 6 - -6 to +4(b) Relative transmit power(c) - -1 - -4 to +1 dB Carrier frequency stability(c) - 3 - ≤10 kHz - ≤13(e) RMS DEVM Modulation (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Accuracy(c) (d) - 10 99% DEVM - 15 - ≤20(e) Peak DEVM - 20 - ≤25(e) Unit dBm % % % BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go firmware keeps RF transmit power within the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification limits Class 2 RF transmit power range, Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification Measurement methods are in accordance with the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR RF Test Specification Modulation accuracy utilises differential error vector magnitude (DEVM) with tracking of the carrier frequency drift. The Bluetooth specification values are for 8DPSK modulation (values for the π/4 DQPSK modulation are less stringent) Notes: Results shown are referenced to the unbalanced port of the balun. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 27 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Min Radio Characteristics - Enhanced Data Rate 6.1.2 Receiver Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = +20°C Min Typ Max Bluetooth Specification Unit Sensitivity at 0.01% BER(a) π/4 DQPSK - -86 - ≤-70 dBm 8DPSK - -79 - ≤-70 dBm Maximum received signal at 0.1% BER(a) π/4 DQPSK - -6 - ≥-20 dBm 8DPSK - -7 - ≥-20 dBm C/I co-channel at 0.1% BER(a) π/4 DQPSK - +11 - ≤+13 dB 8DPSK - +19 - ≤+21 dB π/4 DQPSK - -8 - ≤0 dB 8DPSK - -2 - ≤+5 dB π/4 DQPSK - -8 - ≤0 dB 8DPSK - -2 - ≤+5 dB π/4 DQPSK - -35 - ≤-30 dB 8DPSK - -35 - ≤-25 dB π/4 DQPSK - -23 - ≤-20 dB 8DPSK - -19 - ≤-13 dB π/4 DQPSK - -43 - ≤-40 dB 8DPSK - -40 - ≤-33 dB π/4 DQPSK - -43 - ≤-40 dB 8DPSK - -38 - ≤-33 dB π/4 DQPSK - -17 - ≤-7 dB 8DPSK - -10 - ≤0 dB Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 +1MHz(a) (b) (c) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 -1MHz (a) (b) (c) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 +2MHz(a) (b) (c) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=F0 -2MHz(a) (b) (c) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F≥F0 +3MHz(a) (b) (c) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F≤F0 5MHz(a) (b) (c) Adjacent channel selectivity C/I F=FImage(a) (b) (c) (a) (b) (c) Measurements methods are in accordance with the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR RF Test Specification Up to five exceptions are allowed in the Bluetooth v2.0 +EDR RF Test Specification.BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is guaranteed to meet the C/I performance as specified by the Bluetooth v2.0 +EDR RF Test Specification Measured at F0 = 2405MHz, 2441MHz, 2477MHz Notes: Results shown are referenced to the unbalanced port of the balun. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 28 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Modulation Radio Characteristics - Enhanced Data Rate 6.2 Temperature -40°C 6.2.1 Transmitter Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = -40°C Typ Max - 8 - -6 to +4(b) - -1 - -4 to +1 dB - 3 - ≤10 kHz - 10 - ≤13(e) Maximum RF transmit power(a) power(c) Carrier frequency stability(c) RMS DEVM Modulation Accuracy(c) (d) 99% DEVM - Peak DEVM (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) - 15 20 Unit dBm % - ≤20(e) % - ≤25(e) % BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go firmware keeps RF transmit power within the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification limits Class 2 RF transmit power range, Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification Measurements methods are in accordance with the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR RF Test specification Modulation accuracy utilises differential error vector magnitude (DEVM) with tracking of the carrier frequency drift. The Bluetooth specification values are for 8DPSK modulation (values for the π/4 DQPSK modulation are less stringent) Notes: Results shown are referenced to the unbalanced port of the balun. 6.2.2 Receiver Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = -40°C Modulation Min Typ Max Bluetooth Specification Unit Sensitivity at 0.01% BER(a) π/4 DQPSK - -89 - ≤-70 dBm 8DPSK - -82 - ≤-70 dBm Maximum received signal at 0.1% BER(a) π/4 DQPSK - -10 - ≥-20 dBm 8DPSK - -10 - ≥-20 dBm (a) Measurements methods are in accordance with the Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR RF Test Specification Notes: Results shown are referenced to the unbalanced port of the balun. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 29 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Relative transmit Bluetooth Specification Min Radio Characteristics - Enhanced Data Rate 6.3 Temperature -25°C 6.3.1 Transmitter Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = -25°C Typ Max - 7 - -6 to +4(b) - -1 - -4 to +1 dB - 3 - ≤10 kHz - 10 - ≤13(e) Maximum RF transmit power(a) power(c) Carrier frequency stability(c) RMS DEVM Modulation Accuracy(c) (d) 99% DEVM - Peak DEVM (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) - 15 20 Unit dBm % - ≤20(e) % - ≤25(e) % BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go firmware keeps RF transmit power within the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification limits Class 2 RF transmit power range, Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification Measurement methods are in accordance with the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR RF Test Specification Modulation accuracy utilises differential error vector magnitude (DEVM) with tracking of the carrier frequency drift. The Bluetooth specification values are for 8DPSK modulation (values for the π/4 DQPSK modulation are less stringent) Notes: Results shown are referenced to the unbalanced port of the balun. 6.3.2 Receiver Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature =-25°C Modulation Min Typ Max Bluetooth Specification Unit Sensitivity at 0.01% BER(a) π/4 DQPSK - -87 - ≤-70 dBm 8DPSK - -80 - ≤-70 dBm Maximum received signal at 0.1% BER(a) π/4 DQPSK - -10 - ≥-20 dBm 8DPSK - -10 - ≥20 dBm (a) Measurements methods are in accordance with the Bluetooth v2.0 +EDR RF Test Specification Notes: Results shown are referenced to the unbalanced port of the balun. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 30 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Relative transmit Bluetooth Specification Min Radio Characteristics - Enhanced Data Rate 6.4 Temperature +85°C 6.4.1 Transmitter Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = +85°C Max - 1 - -6 to +4(b) - -1 - -4 to +1 dB - 3 - ≤10 kHz RMS DEVM - 10 - ≤13(e) 99% DEVM - 15 - ≤20(e) % - ≤25(e) % (a) stability(c) Peak DEVM (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) - 20 dBm % BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go firmware keeps RF transmit power within the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification limits Class 2 RF transmit power range, Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification Measurement methods are in accordance with the Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR RF Test Specification Modulation accuracy utilises differential error vector magnitude (DEVM) with tracking of the carrier frequency drift. The Bluetooth specification values are for 8DPSK modulation (values for the π/4 DQPSK modulation are less stringent) Notes: Results shown are referenced to the unbalanced port of the balun. 6.4.2 Receiver Radio Characteristics VDD = 1.8V Temperature = +85°C Modulation Min Typ Max Bluetooth Specification Unit Sensitivity at 0.01% BER(a) π/4 DQPSK - -84 - ≤-70 dBm 8DPSK - -77 - ≤-70 dBm Maximum received signal at 0.1% BER(a) π/4 DQPSK - 0 - ≥-20 dBm 8DPSK - -3 - ≥-20 dBm (a) Measurements methods are in accordance with the Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR RF Test Specification Notes: Results shown are referenced to the unbalanced port of the balun. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 31 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Relative transmit power(c) Modulation Accuracy(c) (d) Unit Typ Maximum RF transmit power Carrier frequency Bluetooth Specification Min AUX DAC RF Synthesiser RF Transmitter PA RF Receiver -45 IQ MOD +45 Tune Fref /N/N+1 RSSI Loop Filter RF Synthesiser DAC ADC ADC Interrupt Controller TEST_EN Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Event Timer Microcontroller Physical Layer Hardware Engine RISC Microcontroller Memory Management Unit RAM Baseband and Logic Memory Mapped Control Status Audio PCM Interface UART Synchronous Serial Interface USB AIO Programmable I/O VDD_PIO AIO[2] VSS_PADS VSS_MEM VSS_CORE VSS_ANA VSS_VCO VSS_RADIO _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet BC419143B-ds-001Pe PIO[1]/TXEN VDD_RADIO AUX_DAC XTAL_IN VSS_BALUN XTAL_OUT RF_CONNECT VREG_IN VDD_BALUN VDD_ANA ATTENUATOR VDD_DIG BAL_MATCH VREG_EN Internal Flash FLASH_EN Balun and Filter VDD_CORE Demodulator VDD_MEM Burst Mode Controller VDD_PADS VSS_BALUN Out RESET VREG RESETB IQ DEMOD In VDD_USB LNA Clock Generation PIO[11] PIO[10] PIO[9] PIO[8] PIO[7] PIO[6] PIO[5] PIO[4] PIO[3] PIO[2] PCM_CLK PCM_IN PCM_SYNC PCM_OUT UART_CTS UART_RX UART_RTS UART_TX SPI_MISO SPI_CLK SPI_MOSI SPI_CSB USB_DN USB_DP 7 RF_IN PIO[0]/RXEN Device Diagram Device Diagram AIO[0] AIO[1] Figure 7.1: BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go Device Diagram Page 32 of 97 Description of Functional Blocks 8 Description of Functional Blocks 8.1 RF Receiver The receiver features a near-zero Intermediate Frequency (IF) architecture that allows the channel filters to be integrated onto the die. Sufficient out-of-band blocking specification at the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) input allows the radio to be used in close proximity to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) cellular phone transmitters without being desensitised. The use of a digital Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) discriminator means that no discriminator tank is needed and its excellent performance in the presence of noise allows BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go to exceed the Bluetooth requirements for co-channel and adjacent channel rejection. 8.1.1 Low Noise Amplifier The LNA can be configured to operate in single-ended or differential mode. Single-ended mode is used for Class 1(1) Bluetooth operation; differential mode is used for Class 2 operation. 8.1.2 Analogue to Digital Converter The Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) is used to implement fast Automatic Gain Control (AGC). The ADC samples the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) voltage on a slot-by-slot basis. The front-end LNA gain is changed according to the measured RSSI value, keeping the first mixer input signal within a limited range. This improves the dynamic range of the receiver, improving performance in interference limited environments. 8.2 RF Transmitter 8.2.1 IQ Modulator The transmitter features a direct IQ modulator to minimise the frequency drift during a transmit timeslot, which results in a controlled modulation index. Digital baseband transmit circuitry provides the required spectral shaping. 8.2.2 Power Amplifier The internal Power Amplifier (PA) has a maximum output power of +6dBm. This allows BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go to be used in Class 2 and Class 3 radios without an external RF PA. 8.2.3 Auxiliary DAC An 8-bit voltage Auxiliary DAC is provided for power control of an external PA for Class 1 operation or any other customer specific application. 8.3 Balun and Filter The Plug-n-Go device incorporates a balun and filter to provide a 50Ω unbalanced antenna port. 8.4 RF Synthesiser The radio synthesiser is fully integrated onto the die with no requirement for an external Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) screening can, varactor tuning diodes, LC resonators or loop filter. The synthesiser is guaranteed to lock in sufficient time across the guaranteed temperature range to meet the Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR specification. 8.5 Clock Input and Generation The reference clock for the system is generated from a TCXO or crystal input between 8MHz and 40MHz. All internal reference clocks are generated using a phase locked loop, which is locked to the external reference frequency. 8.6 Baseband and Logic 8.6.1 Memory Management Unit The Memory Management Unit (MMU) provides a number of dynamically allocated ring buffers that hold the data that is in transit between the host and the air. The dynamic allocation of memory ensures efficient use of the available Random Access Memory (RAM) and is performed by a hardware MMU to minimise the overheads on the processor during data/voice transfers. (1) Class 1 operation is not recommended for Plug-n-Go devices and therefore is not recommended for BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 33 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet For EDR, an ADC is used to digitise the IF received signal. Description of Functional Blocks 8.6.2 Burst Mode Controller During radio transmission the Burst Mode Controller (BMC) constructs a packet from header information previously loaded into memory-mapped registers by the software and payload data/voice taken from the appropriate ring buffer in the RAM. During radio reception, the BMC stores the packet header in memory-mapped registers and the payload data in the appropriate ring buffer in RAM. This architecture minimises the intervention required by the processor during transmission and reception. 8.6.3 Physical Layer Hardware Engine DSP Dedicated logic is used to perform the following: Forward error correction Header error control Cyclic redundancy check Encryption Data whitening Access code correlation Audio transcoding The following voice data translations and operations are performed by firmware: A-law/µ-law/linear voice data (from host) A-law/µ-law/Continuously Variable Slope Delta (CVSD) (over the air) Voice interpolation for lost packets Rate mismatches The hardware suports all optional and mandatory features of Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR including AFH and eSCO. 8.6.4 System RAM 48Kbytes of on-chip RAM is provided to support the RISC MCU and is shared between the ring buffers used to hold voice/data for each active connection and the general purpose memory required by the Bluetooth stack. 8.6.5 Flash Memory (8Mbit) 8Mbits of internal Flash is available on the BC419143B. The Flash memory is provided for system firmware and the Kalimba DSP co-processor code implementation. 8.6.6 USB This is a full speed Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface for communicating with other compatible digital devices. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go acts as a USB peripheral, responding to requests from a master host controller such as a PC. 8.6.7 Synchronous Serial Interface This is a synchronous serial port interface (SPI) for interfacing with other digital devices. The SPI port can be used for system debugging. It can also be used for programming the Flash memory. 8.6.8 UART This is a standard Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) interface for communicating with other serial devices. 8.7 Microcontroller The microcontroller (MCU), interrupt controller and event timer run the Bluetooth software stack and control the radio and host interfaces. A 16-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microcontroller is used for low power consumption and efficient use of memory. 8.7.1 Programmable I/O BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go has a total of 15 (12 digital and 3 analogue) programmable I/O terminals. These are controlled by firmware running on the device. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 34 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Description of Functional Blocks 8.7.2 802.11 Co-Existence Interface Dedicated hardware is provided to implement a variety of co-existence schemes. Channel skipping AFH, priority signalling, channel signalling and host passing of channel instructions are all supported. The features are configured in firmware. The details of some methods are proprietary (e.g., Intel WCS). Contact CSR for details. _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 35 of 97 CSR Bluetooth Software Stacks 9 CSR Bluetooth Software Stacks BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is supplied with Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR compliant stack firmware, which runs on the internal RISC microcontroller. The BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go software architecture allows Bluetooth processing and the application program to be shared in different ways between the internal RISC microcontroller and an external host processor (if any). The upper layers of the Bluetooth stack (above HCI) can be run either on-chip or on the host processor. BlueCore HCI Stack LM LC 48KB RAM Baseband MCU USB Host Host I/O UART Radio PCM I/O Figure 9.1: BlueCore HCI Stack In the implementation shown in the internal processor runs the Bluetooth stack up to the Host Controller Interface (HCI). The Host processor must provide all upper layers including the application. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 36 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet HCI Internal Flash 9.1 CSR Bluetooth Software Stacks 9.1.1 Key Features of the HCI Stack: Standard Bluetooth Functionality Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR mandatory functionality: Adaptive frequency hopping (AFH), including classifier Faster connection - enhanced inquiry scan (immediate FHS response) LMP improvements Parameter ranges Optional Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR functionality supported: Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH) as Master and Automatic Channel Classification Fast Connect - Interlaced Inquiry and Page Scan plus RSSI during Inquiry Extended SCO (eSCO), eV3 +CRC, eV4, eV5 SCO handle Synchronisation The firmware was written against the Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR specification. Bluetooth components: Baseband (including LC) LM HCI Standard USB v1.1 and UART HCI Transport Layers All standard radio packet types Full Bluetooth data rate, enhanced data rates of 2 and 3Mbps(1) Operation with up to seven active slaves(1) Scatternet v2.5 operation Maximum number of simultaneous active ACL connections: 7(2) Maximum number of simultaneous active SCO connections: 3(2) Operation with up to three SCO links, routed to one or more slaves All standard SCO voice coding, plus transparent SCO Standard operating modes: Page, Inquiry, Page-Scan and Inquiry-Scan All standard pairing, authentication, link key and encryption operations Standard Bluetooth power saving mechanisms: Hold, Sniff and Park modes, including Forced Hold Dynamic control of peers' transmit power via LMP Master/Slave switch Broadcast Channel quality driven data rate All standard Bluetooth test modes The firmware's supported Bluetooth features are detailed in the standard Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) documents, available from www.csr.com. (1) (2) This is the maximum allowed by Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR specification. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go supports all combinations of active ACL and SCO channels for both master and slave operation, as specified by the Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR specification. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 37 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet CSR Bluetooth Software Stacks 9.1.2 Key Features of the HCI Stack: Extra Functionality The firmware extends the standard Bluetooth functionality with the following features: Supports BlueCore Serial Protocol (BCSP), a proprietary, reliable alternative to the standard Bluetooth UART Host Transport Provides a set of approximately 50 manufacturer-specific HCI extension commands. This command set, called BlueCore Command (BCCMD), provides: Access to the chip's general-purpose PIO port The negotiated effective encryption key length on established Bluetooth links Access to the firmware's random number generator Controls to set the default and maximum transmit powers; these can help minimise interference between overlapping, fixed-location piconets Dynamic UART configuration Radio transmitter enable/disable. A simple command connects to a dedicated hardware switch that determines whether the radio can transmit. The firmware can read the voltage on a pair of the chip's external pins. This is normally used to build a battery monitor, using either VM or host code A block of BCCMD commands provides access to the chip's Persistent Store configuration database (PS). The database sets the device's Bluetooth address, Class of Device, radio (transmit class) configuration, SCO routing, LM, USB and DFU constants, etc. A UART break condition can be used in three ways: 1. Presenting a UART break condition to the chip can force the chip to perform a hardware reboot 2. Presenting a break condition at boot time can hold the chip in a low power state, preventing normal initialisation while the condition exists 3. With BCSP, the firmware can be configured to send a break to the host before sending data. (This is normally used to wake the host from a Deep Sleep state.) The DFU standard has been extended with public/private key authentication, allowing manufacturers to control the firmware that can be loaded onto their Bluetooth modules A modified version of the DFU protocol allows firmware upgrade via the chip's UART A block of radio test or BIST commands allows direct control of the chip's radio. This aids the development of modules' radio designs, and can be used to support Bluetooth qualification. Virtual Machine (VM). The firmware provides the VM environment in which to run application-specific code. Although the VM is mainly used with BlueLab and RFCOMM builds (alternative firmware builds providing L2CAP, SDP and RFCOMM), the VM can be used with this build to perform simple tasks such as flashing LEDs via the chip's PIO port. Hardware low power modes: Shallow Sleep and Deep Sleep. The chip drops into modes that significantly reduce power consumption when the software goes idle. SCO channels are normally routed via HCI (over BCSP). However, up to three SCO channels can be routed over the chip's single PCM port (at the same time as routing any remaining SCO channels over HCI). Note: Always refer to the Firmware Release Note for the specific functionality of a particular build. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 38 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet CSR Bluetooth Software Stacks 9.2 BlueCore RFCOMM Stack Internal Flash RFCOMM SDP L2CAP HCI LM 48KB RAM Baseband MCU USB Host Host I/O UART Radio PCM I/O Figure 9.2: BlueCore RFCOMM Stack In the version of the firmware, shown in Figure 9.2 the upper layers of the Bluetooth stack up to RFCOMM are run on-chip. This reduces host-side software and hardware requirements at the expense of some of the power and flexibility of the HCI only stack. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 39 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet LC CSR Bluetooth Software Stacks 9.2.1 Key Features of the RFCOMM Stack Interfaces to Host: RFCOMM, an RS-232 serial cable emulation protocol SDP, a service database look-up protocol Connectivity: Maximum number of active slaves: three Maximum number of simultaneous active ACL connections: three Maximum number of simultaneous active SCO connections: three Data Rate: up to 350kbps(1) _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Security: Full support for all Bluetooth security features up to and including strong (128-bit) encryption. Power Saving: Full support for all Bluetooth power saving modes (Park, Sniff and Hold). Data Integrity: CQDDR increases the effective data rate in noisy environments. RSSI used to minimise interference to other radio devices using the ISM band. (1) The data rate is with respect to BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go with basic data rate packets. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 40 of 97 CSR Bluetooth Software Stacks 9.3 BlueCore Virtual Machine Stack RFCOMM SDP L2CAP HCI LM LC 48KB RAM Baseband MCU USB Host (Optional) Host I/O UART Radio PCM I/O Figure 9.3: Virtual Machine In Figure 9.3, this version of the stack firmware shown requires no host processor (but it can use a host processor for debugging, etc.). All software layers, including application software, run on the internal RISC processor in a protected user software execution environment known as a Virtual Machine (VM). The user may write custom application code to run on the BlueCore VM using BlueLab SDK supplied with the BlueLab Multimedia and Casira development kits, available separately from CSR. This code will then execute alongside the main BlueCore firmware. The user is able to make calls to the BlueCore firmware for various operations. The execution environment is structured so the user application does not adversely affect the main software routines, thus ensuring that the Bluetooth stack software component does not need re-qualification when the application is changed. Using the VM and the BlueLab SDK the user is able to develop applications such as a cordless handsfree kit or other profiles without the requirement of a host controller. BlueLab is supplied with example code including a full implementation of the handsfree profile. Note: Sample applications to control PIO lines can also be written with BlueLab SDK and the VM for the HCI stack. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 41 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Internal Flash VM Application Software CSR Bluetooth Software Stacks 9.4 BlueCore HID Stack HID SDP L2CAP HCI LM LC Sensing Hardware (Optical Sensor etc.) PIO/UART 48KB RAM Baseband MCU HID I/O Radio Figure 9.4: HID Stack This version of the stack firmware requires no host processor. All software layers, including application software, run on the internal RISC microcontroller in a protected user software execution environment known as a virtual machine (VM). The user may write custom application code to run on the BlueCore VM using BlueLab Professional SDK supplied with the BlueLab Professional and Casira development kits, available separately from CSR. This code will then execute alongside the main BlueCore firmware. The user is able to make calls to the BlueCore firmware for various operations. The execution environment is structured so the user application does not adversely affect the main software routines, thus ensuring that the Bluetooth stack software component does not need re-qualification when the application is changed. Using the VM and the BlueLab Professional SDK the user is able to develop Bluetooth HID devices such as an optical mouse or keyboard. The user is able to customise features such as power management and connect/reconnect behaviour. The HID I/O component in the HID stack controls low latency data acquisition from external sensor hardware. With this component running in native code, it does not incur the overhead of the VM code interpreter. Supported external sensors include five mouse buttons, the Agilent ADNS-2030 optical sensor, quadrature scroll wheel, direct coupling to a keyboard matrix and a UART interface to custom hardware. A reference schematic for implementing a three button, optical mouse with scroll wheel is available from CSR. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 42 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Internal Flash VM Application Software CSR Bluetooth Software Stacks 9.5 Host-Side Software BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go can be ordered with companion host-side software: BlueCore3-PC includes software for a full Windows 98/ME, Windows 2000 or Windows XP Bluetooth host-side stack together with IC hardware described in this document. BlueCore3-Mobile includes software for a full host-side stack designed for modern ARM chip-based mobile handsets together with IC hardware described in this document. 9.6 Device Firmware Upgrade 9.7 BCHS Software BlueCore Embedded Host Software is designed to enable CSR customers to implement Bluetooth functionality into embedded products quickly, cheaply and with low risk. BCHS is developed to work with CSR's family of BlueCore ICs. BCHS is intended for embedded products that have a host processor for running BCHS and the Bluetooth application, e.g., a mobile phone or a PDA. BCHS together with the BlueCore IC with embedded Bluetooth core stack (L2CAP, RFCOMM and SDP) is a complete Bluetooth system solution from RF to profiles. BCHS includes most of the Bluetooth intelligence and gives the user a simple API. This makes it possible to develop a Bluetooth product without in-depth Bluetooth knowledge. The BlueCore Embedded Host Software contains three elements: Example Drivers (BCSP and proxies) Bluetooth Profile Managers Example Applications The profiles are qualified which makes the qualification of the final product very easy. BCHS is delivered with source code (ANSI C). BCHS also comes with example applications in ANSI C, which makes the process of writing the application easier. 9.8 Additional Software for Other Embedded Applications When the upper layers of the Bluetooth protocol stack are run as firmware on BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go, a UART software driver is supplied that presents the L2CAP, RFCOMM and Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) APIs to higher Bluetooth stack layers running on the host. The code is provided as C source or object code. 9.9 CSR Development Systems CSR’s BlueLab Multimedia and Casira development kits are available to allow the evaluation of the BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go hardware and software, and as toolkits for developing on-chip and host software. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 43 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is supplied with boot loader software, which implements a Device Firmware Upgrade (DFU) capability. This allows new firmware to be uploaded to the Flash memory through BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go UART or USB ports. Enhanced Data Rate 10 Enhanced Data Rate EDR has been introduced to provide 2x and 3x(1) data rates with minimal disruption to higher layers of the Bluetooth stack. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go supports both of the new data rates and is compliant with the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR specification. 10.1 Enhanced Data Rate Baseband Data Rate Scheme Bits Per Symbol Modulation Basic Data Rate 1 GFSK EDR 2 π/4 DQPSK EDR 3 8DPSK (optional) Table 10.1: Data Rate Schemes Figure 10.1: Basic Rate and Enhanced Data Rate Packet Structure 10.2 Enhanced Data Rate π/4 DQPSK The 2x data rate for EDR utilises a π/4-DQPSK. Each symbol represents two bits of information. Figure 10.2 shows the constellation. It is described as having two planes, each having four points. Although it would appear that there are eight possible phase states, the encoding ensures that the trajectory of the modulation between symbols is restricted to the four states in the other plane. For a given starting point, each phase change between symbols is restricted to +3π/4, +π/4, -π/4 or -3π/4 radians (+135°, +45°, -135° or -45°). For example, the arrows shown in Figure 10.2 represents trajectory to the four possible states in the other plane.Table 10.2 shows the phase shift encoding of symbols. There are two primary advantages of utilising π/4-DQPSK modulation: The scheme avoids the crossing of the origin (a +π or -π phase shift) and therefore minimises amplitude variations in the envelope of the transmitted signal. This in turn allows the RF power amplifiers of the transmitter to be operated closer to their compression point without introducing spectral distortions. Consequently, the DC to RF efficiency is maximised. The differential encoding also allows for the demodulation without the knowledge of an absolute value for the phase of the RF carrier. (1) The inclusion of 3x data rates is optional. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 44 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet At the baseband level EDR utilises both the same 1.6kHz slot rate and the 1MHz symbol rate as defined for the basic data rate. Where EDR differs is that each symbol in the payload portion of a packet represents 2 or 3-bits. This is achieved using two new distinct modulation schemes. These are summarised in Table 10.1 and in Figure 10.1. Link Establishment and management are unchanged and still use GFSK for both the header and payload portions of these packets. Enhanced Data Rate 00 11 10 Figure 10.2: π/4 DQPSK Constellation Pattern Bit Pattern Phase Shift 00 π/4 01 3π/4 11 -3π/4 10 -π/4 Table 10.2: 2-Bits Determine Phase Shift Between Consecutive Symbols 10.3 Enhanced Data Rate 8DPSK The 3x data rate modulation uses eight phase differential phase shift keying (8DPSK). Each symbol in the payload portion of the packet represents three baseband bits. Although it would appear that the 8DPSK is similar to π/4 DQPSK, the differential phase shifts between symbols are now permissible between any of the eight possible phase states. This reduces the separation between adjacent symbols on the constellation to π/4 (45°) and thereby reduces the noise and interference immunity of the modulation scheme. Nevertheless, since each symbol now represents 3 baseband bits, the actual throughput of the data is 3x when compared with the basic rate packet. Figure 10.3 illustrates the 8DPSK constellation and Table 10.3 defines the phase encoding. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 45 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet 01 Enhanced Data Rate 011 010 001 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet 110 000 111 100 101 Figure 10.3: 8DPSK Constellation Pattern Bit Pattern Phase Shift 000 0 001 π/4 011 π/2 010 3π/4 110 π 111 -3π/4 101 -π/2 100 -π/4 Table 10.3: 3-Bits Determine Phase Shift Between Consecutive Symbols BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 46 of 97 Device Terminal Descriptions 11 Device Terminal Descriptions 11.1 RF Ports The BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go RF_IN terminal can be configured as either a single-ended or differential input. The operational mode is determined by setting the PS Key PSKEY_TXRX_PIO_CONTROL (0x20). 11.1.1 RF Plug-n-Go The package used on the BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go device is an RF Plug-n-Go package, where the terminal RF_CONNECT forms an unbalanced ouput with a nominal 50Ω impedance. This terminal can be directly connected to an antenna requiring no impedance matching network as Figure 11.1 indicates. _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet BlueCore RF_CONNECT R1 50Ω Figure 11.1: Circuit for RF_CONNECT BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 47 of 97 Device Terminal Descriptions 11.1.2 Single-Ended Input (RF_IN) This is the single-ended RF input from the antenna. The input presents a complex impedance that requires a matching network between the terminal and the antenna. Starting from the substrate (chip) side, the input can be modelled as a lossy capacitor with the bond wire to the ball grid represented as a series inductance. The terminal is DC blocked. The DC level must not exceed (VSS_RADIO -0.3V to VDD_RADIO + 0.3V). BlueCore _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet L1 1.5nH RF_IN R1 6.8Ω C1 0.68pF Figure 11.2: Circuit RF_IN BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 48 of 97 Device Terminal Descriptions 11.2 External Reference Clock Input (XTAL_IN) The BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go RF local oscillator and internal digital clocks are derived from the reference clock at the BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go XTAL_IN input. This reference may be either an external clock or from a crystal connected between XTAL_IN and XTAL_OUT. The crystal mode is described in section 11.3. 11.2.1 External Mode The external clock signal should meet the specifications in Table 11.1: Frequency(a) Duty cycle Edge Jitter (At Zero Crossing) Signal Level Min Typ Max 7.5MHz 16MHz 40MHz 20:80 50:50 80:20 - - 15ps rms 400mV pk-pk - VDD_ANA(b) (c) Table 11.1: External Clock Specifications (a) (b) (c) The frequency should be an integer multiple of 250kHz except for the CDMA/3G frequencies VDD_ANA is 1.8V nominal If the external clock is driven through a DC blocking capacitor, then maximum allowable amplitude is reduced from VDD_ANA to 800mV pk-pk. 11.2.2 XTAL_IN Impedance in External Mode The impedance of the XTAL_IN will not change significantly between operating modes, typically 10fF. When transitioning from Deep Sleep to an active state a spike of up to 1pC may be measured. For this reason it is recommended that a buffered clock input be used. 11.2.3 Clock Timing Accuracy As Figure 11.3 indicates, the 250ppm timing accuracy on the external clock is required 7ms after the assertion of the system clock request line. This is to guarantee that the firmware can maintain timing accuracy in accordance with the Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR specification. Radio activity may occur after 11ms, therefore, at this point the timing accuracy of the external clock source must be within 20ppm. Figure 11.3: TCXO Clock Accuracy BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 49 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go can be configured to accept an external reference clock from another device (such as TCXO) at XTAL_IN by connecting XTAL_OUT to ground. The external clock can be either a digital level square wave or sinusoidal, and this may be directly coupled to XTAL_IN without the need for additional components. If the peaks of the reference clock are below VSS_ANA or above VDD_ANA, it must be driven through a DC blocking capacitor (approximately 33pF) connected to XTAL_IN. A digital level reference clock gives superior noise immunity, as the high slew rate clock edges have lower voltage to phase conversion. Device Terminal Descriptions 11.2.4 Clock Start-Up Delay BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go hardware incorporates an automatic delay after the assertion of the system clock request signal before running firmware. By default, the delay is 5 low-power oscillator (LPO) cycles. At a nominal LPO frequency of 1 kHz, this equates to 5 ms. This is suitable for most applications using an external clock source. However, there may be scenarios where the clock cannot be guaranteed to either exist or be stable after this period. Under these conditions, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go provides a function that alters the system clock request signal to the period stored in PSKEY_CLOCK_STARTUP_DELAY. This value is in units of LPO cycles from 1 to 31. Setting the key to zero gives a delay of 5 cycles, the default value. This PS Key allows the designer to optimise a system where clock latencies may be longer than 5ms while still keeping the current consumption of BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go as low as possible. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go consumes about 2mA of current for the duration of PSKEY_CLOCK_STARTUP_DELAY before activating the firmware. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 50 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet The nominal frequency of the internal LPO is 1 kHz, however, the value varies somewhat between chips, so care should be taken to pick a suitable value. If an external slow clock at 32 kHz is supplied, this is divided by 32 before use. Device Terminal Descriptions 11.2.5 Input Frequencies and PS Key Settings BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go should be configured to operate with the chosen reference frequency. This is accomplished by setting the PS Key PSKEY_ANA_FREQ (0x1fe) for all frequencies with an integer multiple of 250kHz. The input frequency default setting in BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is 26MHz. The following CDMA/3G TCXO frequencies are also catered for: 7.68, 14.4, 15.36, 16.2, 16.8, 19.2, 19.44, 19.68, 19.8 and 38.4MHz. PSKEY_ANA_FREQ (0x1fe) Reference Crystal Frequency (MHz) 7.68 7680 14.40 14400 15.36 15360 16.20 16200 16.80 16800 19.20 19200 19.44 19440 19.68 19680 19.80 19800 38.40 38400 n x 250kHz - +26.00 Default 26000 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet (Units of 1kHz) Table 11.2: PS Key Values for CDMA/3G Phone TCXO Frequencies BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 51 of 97 Device Terminal Descriptions 11.3 Crystal Oscillator (XTAL_IN, XTAL_OUT) This section describes the crystal mode. See section 11.2 for the description of the external reference clock mode. 11.3.1 XTAL Mode BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go contains a crystal driver circuit. This operates with an external crystal and capacitors to form a Pierce oscillator. Cint Ct2 Ctrim XTAL_OUT Ctrim XTAL_IN BlueCore - Ct1 Figure 11.4: Crystal Driver Circuit Figure 11.5 shows an electrical equivalent circuit for a crystal. The crystal appears inductive near its resonant frequency. It forms a resonant circuit with its load capacitors. Figure 11.5: Crystal Equivalent Circuit The resonant frequency may be trimmed with the crystal load capacitance. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go contains variable internal capacitors to provide a fine trim. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 52 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet gm Device Terminal Descriptions Min Typ Max 8MHz 26MHz 32MHz Initial Tolerance - ±25ppm - Pullability - ±20ppm/pF - Frequency Table 11.3: Crystal Specification 11.3.2 Load Capacitance For resonance at the correct frequency the crystal should be loaded with its specified load capacitance, which is defined for the crystal. This is the total capacitance across the crystal viewed from its terminals. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go provides some of this load with the capacitors Ctrim and Cint. The remainder should be from the external capacitors labelled Ct1 and Ct2. Ct1 should be three times the value of Ct2 for best noise performance. This maximises the signal swing, hence, slew rate at XTAL_IN (to which all on-chip clocks are referred). Crystal load capacitance, Cl is calculated with Equation 11.1: CI = Cint + C trim C C + t1• t 2 2 C t1 + C t 2 Equation 11.1: Load Capacitance Where: Ctrim = 3.4pF nominal (mid-range setting) Cint = 1.5pF Note: Cint does not include the crystal internal self capacitance; it is the driver self capacitance. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 53 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet The BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go driver circuit is a transconductance amplifier. A voltage at XTAL_IN generates a current at XTAL_OUT. The value of transconductance is variable and may be set for optimum performance. Device Terminal Descriptions 11.3.3 Frequency Trim BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go enables frequency adjustments to be made. This feature is typically used to remove initial tolerance frequency errors associated with the crystal. Frequency trim is achieved by adjusting the crystal load capacitance with on-chip trim capacitors, Ctrim. The value of Ctrim is set by a 6-bit word in the PS Key PSKEY_ANA_FTRIM (0x1f6). Its value is calculated thus: C trim = 110fF × PSKEY _ AN A _ FT R IM There are two Ctrim capacitors, which are both connected to ground. When viewed from the crystal terminals, they appear in series so each least significant bit (LSB) increment of frequency trim presents a load across the crystal of 55fF. The frequency trim is described by Equation 11.3. ∆ (FX ) = pullability × 55 × 10−3 (ppm / LSB) FX Equation 11.3: Frequency Trim Where Fx is the crystal frequency and pullability is a crystal parameter with units of ppm/pF. Total trim range is 63 times the value above. If not specified, the pullability of a crystal may be calculated from its motional capacitance with Equation 11.4. ∂ (FX ) FX Cm = • ∂ (C) 2(CI + C0 ) 2 Equation 11.4: Pullability Where: C0 = Crystal self capacitance (shunt capacitance) Cm = Crystal motional capacitance (series branch capacitance in crystal model). See Figure 11.5. Note: It is a Bluetooth requirement that the frequency is always within ±20ppm. The trim range should be sufficient to pull the crystal within ±5ppm of the exact frequency. This leaves a margin of ±15ppm for frequency drift with ageing and temperature. A crystal with an ageing and temperature drift specification of better than ±15ppm is required. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 54 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Equation 11.2: Trim Capacitance Device Terminal Descriptions 11.3.4 Transconductance Driver Model The crystal and its load capacitors should be viewed as a transimpedance element, whereby a current applied to one terminal generates a voltage at the other. The transconductance amplifier in BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go uses the voltage at its input, XTAL_IN, to generate a current at its output, XTAL_OUT. Therefore, the circuit will oscillate if the transconductance, transimpedance product is greater than unity. For sufficient oscillation amplitude, the product should be greater than three. The transconductance required for oscillation is defined by the relationship shown in Equation 11.5: 2 Equation 11.5: Transconductance Required for Oscillation BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go guarantees a transconductance value of at least 2mA/V at maximum drive level. Notes: More drive strength is required for higher frequency crystals, higher loss crystals (larger Rm) or higher capacitance loading. Optimum drive level is attained when the level at XTAL_IN is approximately 1V pk-pk. The drive level is determined by the crystal driver transconductance, by setting the PS Key PSKEY_XTAL_LVL (0x241). 11.3.5 Negative Resistance Model An alternative representation of the crystal and its load capacitors is a frequency dependent resistive element. The driver amplifier may be considered as a circuit that provides negative resistance. For oscillation, the value of the negative resistance must be greater than that of the crystal circuit equivalent resistance. Although the BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go crystal driver circuit is based on a transimpedance amplifier, an equivalent negative resistance may be calculated for it with the following formula in Equation 11.6: Rneg > (Ct 1 + Ctrim ) (Ct 2 + Ctrim ) gm (2πFX )2 ((C0 + Cint )(Ct1 + Ct 2 + 2Ctrim )+ (Ct1 + Ctrim ) (Ct 2 + Ctrim ))2 Equation 11.6: Equivalent Negative Resistance This formula shows the negative resistance of the BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go driver as a function of its drive strength. The value of the driver negative resistance may be easily measured by placing an additional resistance in series with the crystal. The maximum value of this resistor (oscillation occurs) is the equivalent negative resistance of the oscillator. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 55 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet 3(2πFx ) Rm ((C0 + Cint )(Ct1 + Ct 2 + Ctrim ) + (Ct1 + Ctrim )(Ct 2 + Ctrim )) (Ct1 + Ctrim )(Ct 2 + Ctrim ) 2 gm > Device Terminal Descriptions 11.3.6 Crystal PS Key Settings See tables in section 11.2.5. 11.3.7 Crystal Oscillator Characteristics Crystal Load Capacitance and Series Resistance Limits with Crystal Frequency 100.0 10.0 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5 Load Capacitance (pF) 8 MHz 20 MHz 32 MHz 12 MHz 24 MHz 16 MHz 28 MHz Figure 11.6: Crystal Load Capacitance and Series Resistance Limits with Crystal Frequency Note: Graph shows results for BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go crystal driver at maximum drive level. Conditions: Ctrim = 3.4pF centre value Crystal Co = 2pF Transconductance setting = 2mA/V Loop gain = 3 Ct1/Ct2 = 3 BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 56 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Max Xtal Rm Value (ESR), (Ohm) 1000.0 Device Terminal Descriptions _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Figure 11.7: Crystal Driver Transconductance vs. Driver Level Register Setting Note: Drive level is set by PS Key PSKEY_XTAL_LVL (0x241). BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 57 of 97 Device Terminal Descriptions _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Figure 11.8: Crystal Driver Negative Resistance as a Function of Drive Level Setting Crystal parameters: Crystal frequency 16MHz (refer to your software build release note for supported frequencies ). Crystal C0 = 0.75pF Circuit parameters: Ctrim = 8pF, maximum value Ct1,Ct2 = 5pF (3.9pF plus 1.1 pF stray) (Crystal total load capacitance 8.5pF) Note: This is for a specific crystal and load capacitance. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 58 of 97 Device Terminal Descriptions 11.4 UART Interface This is a standard Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) interface for communicating with other serial devices. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go UART interface provides a simple mechanism for communicating with other serial devices using the RS232 protocol.(1) BlueCore UART_RX UART_RTS UART_CTS Figure 11.9: Universal Asynchronous Receiver Four signals are used to implement the UART function, as shown in Figure 11.9. When BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is connected to another digital device, UART_RX and UART_TX transfer data between the two devices. The remaining two signals, UART_CTS and UART_RTS, can be used to implement RS232 hardware flow control where both are active low indicators. All UART connections are implemented using CMOS technology and have signalling levels of 0V and VDD_USB. UART configuration parameters, such as baud rate and packet format, are set using BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go software. Note: In order to communicate with the UART at its maximum data rate using a standard PC, an accelerated serial port adapter card is required for the PC. Parameter Baud Rate Possible Values Minimum Maximum 1200 baud (≤2%Error) 9600 baud (≤1%Error) 3M baud (≤1%Error) Flow Control RTS/CTS or None Parity None, Odd or Even Number of Stop Bits 1 or 2 Bits per Channel 8 Table 11.4: Possible UART Settings The UART interface is capable of resetting BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go upon reception of a break signal. A break is identified by a continuous logic low (0V) on the UART_RX terminal, as shown in Figure 11.10. If tBRK is longer than the value, defined by the PS Key PSKEY_HOST_IO_UART_RESET_TIMEOUT, (0x1a4), a reset will occur. This feature allows a host to initialise the system to a known state. Also, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go can emit a break character that may be used to wake the host. (1) Uses RS232 protocol, but voltage levels are 0V to VDD_USB (requires external RS232 transceiver chip). BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 59 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet UART_TX Device Terminal Descriptions Figure 11.10: Break Signal Note: The DFU boot loader must be loaded into the Flash device before the UART or USB interfaces can be used. This initial flash programming can be done via the SPI. Baud Rate = PSKEY _ UART _ BAUD_ RATE 0.004096 Equation 11.7: Baud Rate Baud Rate Persistent Store Value Error Hex Dec 1200 0x0005 5 1.73% 2400 0x000a 10 1.73% 4800 0x0014 20 1.73% 9600 0x0027 39 -0.82% 19200 0x004f 79 0.45% 38400 0x009d 157 -0.18% 57600 0x00ec 236 0.03% 76800 0x013b 315 0.14% 115200 0x01d8 472 0.03% 230400 0x03b0 944 0.03% 460800 0x075f 1887 -0.02% 921600 0x0ebf 3775 0.00% 1382400 0x161e 5662 -0.01% 1843200 0x1d7e 7550 0.00% 2764800 0x2c3d 11325 0.00% Table 11.5: Standard Baud Rates BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 60 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Table 11.5 shows a list of commonly used baud rates and their associated values for the PS Key PSKEY_UART_BAUD_RATE (0x204). There is no requirement to use these standard values. Any baud rate within the supported range can be set in the PS Key according to the formula in Equation 11.7. Device Terminal Descriptions 11.4.1 UART Bypass BlueCore Host Processor Another Device RESET RXD CTS RTS TXD UART_TX PIO4 UART_RTS PIO5 UART_CTS PIO6 UART_RX PIO7 TX RTS CTS RX Test Interface Figure 11.11: UART Bypass Architecture 11.4.2 UART Configuration While RESET is Active The UART interface for BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go while the chip is being held in reset is tri-state. This will allow the user to daisy chain devices onto the physical UART bus. The constraint on this method is that any devices connected to this bus must tri-state when BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go reset is de-asserted and the firmware begins to run. 11.4.3 UART Bypass Mode Alternatively, for devices that do not tri-state the UART bus, the UART bypass mode on BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go can be used. The default state of BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go after reset is de-asserted; this is for the host UART bus to be connected to the BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go UART, thereby allowing communication to BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go via the UART. All UART bypass mode connections are implemented using CMOS technology and have signalling levels of 0V and VDD_PADS.(1) In order to apply the UART bypass mode, a BCCMD command will be issued to BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go. Upon this issue, it will switch the bypass to PIO[7:4] as Figure 11.11 indicates. Once the bypass mode has been invoked, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go will enter the Deep Sleep state indefinitely. In order to re-establish communication with BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go, the chip must be reset so that the default configuration takes effect. It is important for the host to ensure a clean Bluetooth disconnection of any active links before the bypass mode is invoked. Therefore, it is not possible to have active Bluetooth links while operating the bypass mode. 11.4.4 Current Consumption in UART Bypass Mode The current consumption for a device in UART bypass mode is equal to the values quoted for a device in standby mode. (1) The range of the signalling level for the standard UART described in section 11.4 and the UART bypass may differ between CSR BlueCore devices, as the power supply configurations are chip dependent. For BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go, the standard UART is supplied by VDD_USB, so has signalling levels of 0V and VDD_USB. Whereas in the UART bypass mode, the signals appear on PIO[4:7] which are supplied by VDD_PADS, therefore the signalling levels are 0V and VDD_PADS. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 61 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet UART Device Terminal Descriptions 11.5 USB Interface This is a full speed (12Mbits/s) Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface for communicating with other compatible digital devices. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go acts as a USB peripheral, responding to requests from a master host controller such as a PC. The USB interface is capable of driving a USB cable directly. No external USB transceiver is required. The device operates as a USB peripheral, responding to requests from a master host controller such as a PC. Both the OHCI and the UHCI standards are supported. The set of USB endpoints implemented can behave as specified in the USB section of the Bluetooth specification v2.0+EDR or alternatively can appear as a set of endpoints appropriate to USB audio devices such as speakers. 11.5.1 USB Data Connections The USB data lines emerge as pins USB_DP and USB_DN. These terminals are connected to the internal USB I/O buffers of the BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go, therefore, have a low output impedance. To match the connection to the characteristic impedance of the USB cable, resistors must be placed in series with USB_DP/USB_DN and the cable. 11.5.2 USB Pull-Up Resistor BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go features an internal USB pull-up resistor. This pulls the USB_DP pin weakly high when BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is ready to enumerate. It signals to the PC that it is a full speed (12Mbit/s) USB device. The USB internal pull-up is implemented as a current source, and is compliant with section 7.1.5 of the USB specification v1.2. The internal pull-up pulls USB_DP high to at least 2.8V when loaded with a 15kΩ ±5% pull-down resistor (in the hub/host) when VDD_PADS=3.1V. This presents a Thevenin resistance to the host of at least 900Ω. Alternatively, an external 1.5kΩ pull-up resistor can be placed between a PIO line and D+ on the USB cable. The firmware must be alerted to which mode is used by setting PS Key PSKEY_USB_PIO_PULLUP appropriately. The default setting uses the internal pull-up resistor. 11.5.3 USB Power Supply The USB specification dictates that the minimum output high voltage for USB data lines is 2.8V. To safely meet the USB specification, the voltage on the VDD_USB supply terminals must be an absolute minimum of 3.1V. CSR recommends 3.3V for optimal USB signal quality. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 62 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet As USB is a master/slave oriented system (in common with other USB peripherals), BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go only supports USB Slave operation. Device Terminal Descriptions 11.5.4 Self-Powered Mode In self-powered mode, the circuit is powered from its own power supply and not from the VBUS (5V) line of the USB cable. It draws only a small leakage current (below 0.5mA) from VBUS on the USB cable. This is the easier mode for which to design, as the design is not limited by the power that can be drawn from the USB hub or root port. However, it requires that VBUS be connected to BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go via a resistor network (Rvb1 and Rvb2), so BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go can detect when VBUS is powered up. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go will not pull USB_DP high when VBUS is off. BlueCore PIO USB_DP 1.5KΩ 5% Rs Rs USB_DN Rvb1 USB_ON Rvb2 D+ DVBUS GND Figure 11.12: USB Connections for Self-Powered Mode The terminal marked USB_ON can be any free PIO pin. The PIO pin selected must be registered by setting PSKEY_USB_PIO_VBUS to the corresponding pin number. Note: USB_ON is shared with BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go PIO terminals. Identifier Value Function Rs 27Ω nominal Impedance matching to USB cable Rvb1 22kΩ 5% VBUS ON sense divider Rvb2 47kΩ 5% VBUS ON sense divider Table 11.6: USB Interface Component Values 11.5.5 Bus-Powered Mode In bus-powered mode, the application circuit draws its current from the 5V VBUS supply on the USB cable. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go negotiates with the PC during the USB enumeration stage about how much current it is allowed to consume. For Class 2 Bluetooth applications, CSR recommends that the regulator used to derive 3.3V from VBUS is rated at 100mA average current and should be able to handle peaks of 120mA without foldback or limiting. In bus-powered mode, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go requests 100mA during enumeration. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 63 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Self-powered USB designs (powered from a battery or PSU) must ensure that a PIO line is allocated for USB pull-up purposes. A 1.5KΩ 5% pull-up resistor between USB_DP and the selected PIO line should be fitted to the design. Failure to fit this resistor may result in the design failing to be USB compliant in self-powered mode. The internal pull-up in BlueCore is only suitable for bus-powered USB devices, e.g., dongles. Device Terminal Descriptions For Class 1 Bluetooth applications, the USB power descriptor should be altered to reflect the amount of power required. This is accomplished by setting the PS Key PSKEY_USB_MAX_POWER (0x2c6). This is higher than for a Class 2 application due to the extra current drawn by the Transmit RF PA. When selecting a regulator, be aware that VBUS may go as low as 4.4V. The inrush current (when charging reservoir and supply decoupling capacitors) is limited by the USB specification. See USB Specification v1.1, section 7.2.4.1. Some applications may require soft start circuitry to limit inrush current if more than 10µF is present between VBUS and GND. BlueCore Rs USB_DP Rs USB_DN Rvb1 USB_ON D+ DVBUS GND Voltage Regulator Figure 11.13: USB Connections for Bus-Powered Mode 11.5.6 Suspend Current All USB devices must permit the USB controller to place them in a USB suspend mode. While in USB Suspend, bus-powered devices must not draw more than 0.5mA from USB VBUS (self-powered devices may draw more than 0.5mA from their own supply). This current draw requirement prevents operation of the radio by bus-powered devices during USB Suspend. The voltage regulator circuit itself should draw only a small quiescent current (typically less than 100µA) to ensure adherence to the suspend current requirement of the USB specification. This is not normally a problem with modern regulators. Ensure that external LEDs and/or amplifiers can be turned off by BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go. The entire circuit must be able to enter the suspend mode. Refer to separate CSR documentation for more details on USB Suspend. 11.5.7 Detach and Wake_Up Signalling BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go can provide out-of-band signalling to a host controller by using the control lines called USB_DETACH and USB_WAKE_UP. These are outside the USB specification (no wires exist for them inside the USB cable), but can be useful when embedding BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go into a circuit where no external USB is visible to the user. Both control lines are shared with PIO pins and can be assigned to any PIO pin by setting the PS Keys PSKEY_USB_PIO_DETACH and PSKEY_USB_PIO_WAKEUP to the selected PIO number. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 64 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet The 5V VBUS line emerging from a PC is often electrically noisy. As well as regulation down to 3.3V and 1.8V, applications should include careful filtering of the 5V line to attenuate noise that is above the voltage regulator bandwidth. Excessive noise on the 1.8V supply to the analogue supply pins of BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go will result in reduced receive sensitivity and a distorted RF transmit signal. Device Terminal Descriptions USB_DETACH is an input which, when asserted high, causes BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go to put USB_DN and USB_DP in a high impedance state and turns off the pull-up resistor on DP. This detaches the device from the bus and is logically equivalent to unplugging the device. When USB_DETACH is taken low, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go will connect back to USB and await enumeration by the USB host. USB_WAKE_UP is an active high output (used only when USB_DETACH is active) to wake up the host and allow USB communication to recommence. It replaces the function of the software USB WAKE_UP message (which runs over the USB cable) and cannot be sent while BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is effectively disconnected from the bus. 11.5.8 USB Driver A USB Bluetooth device driver is required to provide a software interface between BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go and Bluetooth software running on the host computer. Suitable drivers are available from http://www.csrsupport.com. 11.5.9 USB 1.1 Compliance BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is qualified to the USB Specification v1.1, details of which are available from www.usb.org. The specification contains valuable information on aspects such as PCB track impedance, supply inrush current and product labelling. Although BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go meets the USB specification, CSR cannot guarantee that an application circuit designed around the chip is USB compliant. The choice of application circuit, component choice and PCB layout all affect USB signal quality and electrical characteristics. The information in this document is intended as a guide and should be read in association with the USB specification, with particular attention being given to Chapter 7. Independent USB qualification must be sought before an application is deemed USB compliant and can bear the USB logo. Such qualification can be obtained from a USB plugfest or from an independent USB test house. Terminals USB_DP and USB_DN adhere to the USB specification v2.0 (Chapter 7) electrical requirements. 11.5.10 USB 2.0 Compatibility BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is compatible with USB v2.0 host controllers; under these circumstances the two ends agree the mutually acceptable rate of 12Mbits/s according to the USB v2.0 specification. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 65 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Figure 11.14: USB_DETACH and USB_WAKE_UP Signal Device Terminal Descriptions 11.6 Serial Peripheral Interface BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go uses 16-bit data and 16-bit address serial peripheral interface, where transactions may occur when the internal processor is running or is stopped. This section details the considerations required when interfacing to BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go via the four dedicated serial peripheral interface terminals. Data may be written or read one word at a time or the auto increment feature may be used to access blocks. 11.6.1 Instruction Cycle The BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is the slave and receives commands on SPI_MOSI and outputs data on SPI_MISO. shows the instruction cycle for an SPI transaction. Reset the SPI interface Hold SPI_CSB high for two SPI_CLK cycles 2 Write the command word Take SPI_CSB low and clock in the 8 bit command 3 Write the address Clock in the 16-bit address word 4 Write or read data words Clock in or out 16-bit data word(s) 5 Termination Take SPI_CSB high Table 11.7: Instruction Cycle for an SPI Transaction With the exception of reset, SPI_CSB must be held low during the transaction. Data on SPI_MOSI is clocked into the BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go on the rising edge of the clock line SPI_CLK. When reading, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go will reply to the master on SPI_MISO with the data changing on the falling edge of the SPI_CLK. The master provides the clock on SPI_CLK. The transaction is teminated by taking SPI_CSB high. Sending a command word and the address of a register for every time it is to be read or written is a significant overhead, especially when large amounts of data are to be transferred. To overcome this BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go offers increased data transfer efficiency via an auto increment operation. To invoke auto increment, SPI_CSB is kept low, which auto increments the address, while providing an extra 16 clock cycles for each extra word to be written or read. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 66 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet 1 Device Terminal Descriptions 11.6.2 Writing to the Device To write to BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go, the 8-bit write command (00000010) is sent first (C[7:0]) followed by a 16-bit address (A[15:0]). The next 16-bits (D[15:0]) clocked in on SPI_MOSI are written to the location set by the address (A). Thereafter for each subsequent 16-bits clocked in, the address (A) is incremented and the data written to consecutive locations until the transaction terminates when SPI_CSB is taken high. 11.6.3 Reading from the Device Reading from BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is similar to writing to it. An 8-bit read command (00000011) is sent first (C[7:0]), followed by the address of the location to be read (A[15:0]). BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go then outputs on SPI_MISO a check word during T[15:0] followed by the 16-bit contents of the addressed location during bits D[15:0]. The check word is composed of {command, address [15:8]}. The check word may be used to confirm a read operation to a memory location. This overcomes the problems encountered with typical serial peripheral interface slaves, whereby it is impossible to determine whether the data returned by a read operation is valid data or the result of the slave device not responding. If SPI_CSB is kept low, data from consecutive locations is read out on SPI_MISO for each subsequent 16 clocks, until the transaction terminates when SPI_CSB is taken high. Figure 11.16: SPI Read Operation 11.6.4 Multi-Slave Operation BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go should not be connected in a multi-slave arrangement by simple parallel connection of slave MISO lines. When BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is deselected (SPI_CSB = 1), the SPI_MISO line does not float. Instead, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go outputs 0 if the processor is running or 1 if it is stopped. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 67 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Figure 11.15: SPI Write Operation Device Terminal Descriptions 11.7 PCM CODEC Interface Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a standard method used to digitise audio (particularly voice) for transmission over digital communication channels. Through its PCM interface, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go has hardware support for continual transmission and reception of PCM data, thus reducing processor overhead for wireless headset applications. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go offers a bi-directional digital audio interface that routes directly into the baseband layer of the on-chip firmware. It does not pass through the HCI protocol layer. Hardware on BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go allows the data to be sent to and received from a SCO connection. (1) Up to three SCO connections can be supported by the PCM interface at any one time. It supports 13-bit or 16-bit linear, 8-bit µ-law or A-law companded sample formats at 8ksamples/s and can receive and transmit on any selection of three of the first four slots following PCM_SYNC. The PCM configuration options are enabled by setting the PS Key PS KEY_PCM_CONFIG32 (0x1b3). BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go interfaces directly to PCM audio devices including the following: Qualcomm MSM 3000 series and MSM 5000 series CDMA baseband devices OKI MSM7705 four channel A-law and µ-law CODEC Motorola MC145481 8-bit A-law and µ-law CODEC Motorola MC145483 13-bit linear CODEC STW 5093 and 5094 14-bit linear CODECs BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is also compatible with the Motorola SSI interface 11.7.1 PCM Interface Master/Slave When configured as the master of the PCM interface, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go generates PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC. BlueCore PCM_OUT PCM_IN PCM_CLK PCM_SYNC 128/256/512kHz 8kHz Figure 11.17: BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go as PCM Interface Master When configured as the Slave of the PCM interface, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go accepts PCM_CLK rates up to 2048kHz. (1) Subject to firmware support. Contact CSR for current status. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 68 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go can operate as the PCM interface master generating an output clock of 128, 256 or 512kHz. When configured as PCM interface slave, it can operate with an input clock up to 2048kHz. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is compatible with a variety of clock formats, including Long Frame Sync, Short Frame Sync and GCI timing environments. Device Terminal Descriptions BlueCore PCM_OUT PCM_IN Upto 2048kHz 8kHz PCM_SYNC Figure 11.18: BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go as PCM Interface Slave 11.7.2 Long Frame Sync Long Frame Sync is the name given to a clocking format that controls the transfer of PCM data words or samples. In Long Frame Sync, the rising edge of PCM_SYNC indicates the start of the PCM word. When BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is configured as PCM master, generating PCM_SYNC and PCM_CLK, then PCM_SYNC is 8-bits long. When BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is configured as PCM Slave, PCM_SYNC may be from two consecutive falling edges of PCM_CLK to half the PCM_SYNC rate, i.e., 62.5µs long. PCM_SYNC PCM_CLK PCM_OUT PCM_IN Undefined 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 Undefined Figure 11.19: Long Frame Sync (Shown with 8-bit Companded Sample) BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go samples PCM_IN on the falling edge of PCM_CLK and transmits PCM_OUT on the rising edge. PCM_OUT may be configured to be high impedance on the falling edge of PCM_CLK in the LSB position or on the rising edge. 11.7.3 Short Frame Sync In Short Frame Sync, the falling edge of PCM_SYNC indicates the start of the PCM word. PCM_SYNC is always one clock cycle long. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 69 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet PCM_CLK Device Terminal Descriptions PCM_SYNC PCM_CLK PCM_OUT Undefined 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Undefined Figure 11.20: Short Frame Sync (Shown with 16-bit Sample) As with Long Frame Sync, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go samples PCM_IN on the falling edge of PCM_CLK and transmits PCM_OUT on the rising edge. PCM_OUT may be configured to be high impedance on the falling edge of PCM_CLK in the LSB position or on the rising edge. 11.7.4 Multi-slot Operation More than one SCO connection over the PCM interface is supported using multiple slots. Up to three SCO connections can be carried over any of the first four slots. LONG_PCM_SYNC Or SHORT_PCM_SYNC PCM_CLK PCM_OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 PCM_IN Do Not Care 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 Do Not Care Figure 11.21: Multi-slot Operation with Two Slots and 8-bit Companded Samples 11.7.5 GCI Interface BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is compatible with the General Circuit Interface (GCI), a standard synchronous 2B+D ISDN timing interface. The two 64Kbps B channels can be accessed when this mode is configured. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 70 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet PCM_IN 1 Device Terminal Descriptions PCM_SYNC PCM_CLK PCM_OUT Do Not Care 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B1 Channel Do Not Care B2 Channel Figure 11.22: GCI Interface The start of frame is indicated by the rising edge of PCM_SYNC and runs at 8kHz. With BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go in Slave mode, the frequency of PCM_CLK can be up to 4.096MHz. 11.7.6 Slots and Sample Formats BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go can receive and transmit on any selection of the first four slots following each sync pulse. Slot durations can be either 8 or 16 clock cycles. Durations of 8 clock cycles may only be used with 8-bit sample formats. Durations of 16 clocks may be used with 8-bit, 13-bit or 16-bit sample formats. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go supports 13-bit linear, 16-bit linear and 8-bit µ-law or A-law sample formats. The sample rate is 8ksamples/s. The bit order may be little or big endian. When 16-bit slots are used, the 3 or 8 unused bits in each slot may be filled with sign extension, padded with zeros or a programmable 3-bit audio attenuation compatible with some Motorola CODECs. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 71 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet PCM_IN 1 Device Terminal Descriptions Sign Extension PCM_OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8-Bit Sample A 16-bit slot with 8-bit companded sample and sign extension selected. PCM_OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Zeros Padding A 16-bit slot with 8-bit companded sample and zeros padding selected. Sign Extension PCM_OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 13-Bit Sample A 16-bit slot with 13-bit linear sample and sign extension selected. 13-Bit Sample PCM_OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Audio Gain A 16-bit slot with 13-bit linear sample and audio gain selected. Figure 11.23: 16-Bit Slot Length and Sample Formats 11.7.7 Additional Features BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go has a mute facility that forces PCM_OUT to be 0. In master mode, PCM_SYNC may also be forced to 0 while keeping PCM_CLK running which some CODECS use to control power down. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 72 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet 8-Bit Sample Device Terminal Descriptions 11.7.8 PCM Timing Information Symbol Parameter Min - PCM_SYNC frequency tmclkh(a) PCM_CLK high tmclkl(a) - 48MHz DDS generation. Selection of frequency is programmable. See Table 11.11 and PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC Generation on page 76. 2.9 Max Unit - kHz - kHz 128 256 512 - 8 4MHz DDS generation 980 - PCM_CLK low 4MHz DDS generation 730 - - PCM_CLK jitter 48MHz DDS generation tdmclksynch Delay time from PCM_CLK high to PCM_SYNC high - tdmclkpout Delay time from PCM_CLK high to valid PCM_OUT tdmclklsyncl kHz - ns ns 21 ns pk-pk - 20 ns - - 20 ns Delay time from PCM_CLK low to PCM_SYNC low (Long Frame Sync only) - - 20 ns tdmclkhsyncl Delay time from PCM_CLK high to PCM_SYNC low - - 20 ns tdmclklpoutz Delay time from PCM_CLK low to PCM_OUT high impedance - - 20 ns tdmclkhpoutz Delay time from PCM_CLK high to PCM_OUT high impedance - - 20 ns tsupinclkl Set-up time for PCM_IN valid to PCM_CLK low 30 - - ns thpinclkl Hold time for PCM_CLK low to PCM_IN invalid 10 - - ns Table 11.8: PCM Master Timing (a) Assumes normal system clock operation. Figures will vary during low power modes, when system clock speeds are reduced. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 73 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet PCM_CLK frequency fmclk 4MHz DDS generation. Selection of frequency is programmable. See Table 11.10. Typ Device Terminal Descriptions t dmclklsyncl t dmclksynch t dmclkhsyncl PCM_SYNC f mlk t mclkl PCM_CLK t dmclklpoutz t dmclkpout PCM_OUT tr ,t f MSB (LSB) t supinclkl PCM_IN t dmclkhpoutz LSB (MSB) t hpinclkl MSB (LSB) LSB (MSB) Figure 11.24: PCM Master Timing Long Frame Sync t dmclksynch t dmclkhsyncl PCM_SYNC f mlk t mclkh t mclkl PCM_CLK t dmclklpoutz t dmclkpout PCM_OUT MSB (LSB) t supinclkl PCM_IN tr ,t f t dmclkhpoutz LSB (MSB) t hpinclkl MSB (LSB) LSB (MSB) Figure 11.25: PCM Master Timing Short Frame Sync BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 74 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet t mclkh Device Terminal Descriptions Parameter Min Typ Max Unit fsclk PCM clock frequency (Slave mode: input) 64 - 2048 kHz fsclk PCM clock frequency (GCI mode) 128 - 4096 kHz tsclkl PCM_CLK low time 200 - - ns tsclkh PCM_CLK high time 200 - - ns thsclksynch Hold time from PCM_CLK low to PCM_SYNC high 30 - - ns tsusclksynch Set-up time for PCM_SYNC high to PCM_CLK low 30 - - ns tdpout Delay time from PCM_SYNC or PCM_CLK whichever is later, to valid PCM_OUT data (Long Frame Sync only) - - 20 ns tdsclkhpout Delay time from CLK high to PCM_OUT valid data - - 20 ns tdpoutz Delay time from PCM_SYNC or PCM_CLK low, whichever is later, to PCM_OUT data line high impedance - - 20 ns tsupinsclkl Set-up time for PCM_IN valid to CLK low 30 - - ns thpinsclkl Hold time for PCM_CLK low to PCM_IN invalid 30 - - ns Table 11.9: PCM Slave Timing f sclk t sclkh t tsclkl PCM_CLK t hsclksynch t susclksynch PCM_SYNC t dpoutz t dpout PCM_OUT MSB (LSB) t supinsclkl PCM_IN t dsclkhpout tr ,t f t dpoutz LSB (MSB) t hpinsclkl MSB (LSB) LSB (MSB) Figure 11.26: PCM Slave Timing Long Frame Sync BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 75 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Symbol Device Terminal Descriptions f sclk t sclkh t tsclkl PCM_CLK t susclksynch t hsclksynch PCM_SYNC PCM_OUT tr ,t f MSB (LSB) t supinsclkl PCM_IN t dpoutz LSB (MSB) t hpinsclkl MSB (LSB) LSB (MSB) Figure 11.27: PCM Slave Timing Short Frame Sync PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC Generation BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go has two methods of generating PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC in master mode. The first is generating these signals by Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) from BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go internal 4MHz clock (which is used in BlueCore2-External). Using this mode limits PCM_CLK to 128, 256 or 512kHz and PCM_SYNC to 8kHz. The second is generating PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC by DDS from an internal 48MHz clock (which allows a greater range of frequencies to be generated with low jitter but consumes more power). This second method is selected by setting bit 48M_PCM_CLK_GEN_EN in PSKEY_PCM_CONFIG32. When in this mode and with long frame sync, the length of PCM_SYNC can be either 8 or 16 cycles of PCM_CLK, determined by LONG_LENGTH_SYNC_EN in PSKEY_PCM_CONFIG32. The Equation 11.8 describes PCM_CLK frequency when being generated using the internal 48MHz clock: f= CNT _ RATE × 24MHz CNT _ LIMIT Equation 11.8: PCM_CLK Frequency When Being Generated Using the Internal 48MHz Clock The frequency of PCM_SYNC relative to PCM_CLK can be set using Equation 11.9: f= PCM _ CLK SYNC_ LIMIT × 8 Equation 11.9: PCM_SYNC Frequency Relative to PCM_CLK CNT_RATE, CNT_LIMIT and SYNC_LIMIT are set using PSKEY_PCM_LOW_JITTER_CONFIG. As an example, to generate PCM_CLK at 512kHz with PCM_SYNC at 8kHz, set PSKEY_PCM_LOW_JITTER_CONFIG to 0x08080177. 11.7.9 PCM Configuration The PCM configuration is set using two PS Keys, PSKEY_PCM_CONFIG32 detailed in Table 11.10 and PSKEY_PCM_LOW_JITTER_CONFIG in Table 11.11. The default for PSKEY_PCM_CONFIG32 is 0x00800000, i.e., first slot following sync is active, 13-bit linear voice format, long frame sync and interface master generating 256kHz PCM_CLK from 4MHz internal clock with no tri-state of PCM_OUT. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 76 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet t dsclkhpout t dpoutz Device Terminal Descriptions Name - Bit Position 0 1 SHORT_SYNC_EN 2 - 3 SIGN_EXTEND_EN Set to 0 0 = master mode with internal generation of PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC. 1 = slave mode requiring externally generated PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC. 0 = long frame sync (rising edge indicates start of frame). 1 = short frame sync (falling edge indicates start of frame). Set to 0. 0 = padding of 8 or 13-bit voice sample into a 16-bit slot by inserting extra LSBs. When padding is selected with 13-bit voice sample, the 3 padding bits are the audio gain setting; with 8-bit sample the 8 padding bits are zeroes. 4 1 = sign-extension. LSB_FIRST_EN 0 = MSB first of transmit and receive voice samples. 5 1 = LSB first of transmit and receive voice samples. 0 = drive PCM_OUT continuously. TX_TRISTATE_EN TX_TRISTATE_RISING_EDGE_EN 1 = tri-state PCM_OUT immediately after falling edge of PCM_CLK in the last bit of an active slot, assuming the next slot is not active. 6 0 = tri-state PCM_OUT immediately after falling edge of PCM_CLK in last bit of an active slot, assuming the next slot is also not active. 7 1 = tri-state PCM_OUT after rising edge of PCM_CLK. 0 = enable PCM_SYNC output when master. SYNC_SUPPRESS_EN 8 1 = suppress PCM_SYNC whilst keeping PCM_CLK running. Some CODECS utilise this to enter a low power state. GCI_MODE_EN 9 1 = enable GCI mode MUTE_EN 10 1 = force PCM_OUT to 0 48M_PCM_CLK_GEN_EN 0 = set PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC generation via DDS from internal 4 MHz clock. 11 1 = set PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC generation via DDS from internal 48 MHz clock. 0 = set PCM_SYNC length to 8 PCM_CLK cycles. LONG_LENGTH_SYNC_EN 1 = set length to 16 PCM_CLK cycles. 12 Only applies for long frame sync and with 48M_PCM_CLK_GEN_EN set to 1. - [20:16] Set to 0b00000 MASTER_CLK_RATE [22:21] Selects 128 (0b01), 256 (0b00), 512 (0b10) kHz PCM_CLK frequency when master and 48M_PCM_CLK_GEN_EN (bit 11) is low. ACTIVE_SLOT [26:23] Default is 0001. Ignored by firmware. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 77 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet SLAVE_MODE_EN Description Device Terminal Descriptions Name SAMPLE_FORMAT Bit Position [28:27] Description Selects between 13 (0b00), 16 (0b01), 8 (0b10) bit sample with 16 cycle slot duration or 8 (0b11) bit sample with 8 cycle slot duration. Table 11.10: PSKEY_PCM_CONFIG32 Description _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 78 of 97 Device Terminal Descriptions Name Bit Position Description CNT_LIMIT [12:0] Sets PCM_CLK counter limit CNT_RATE [23:16] Sets PCM_CLK count rate SYNC_LIMIT [31:24] Sets PCM_SYNC division relative to PCM_CLK Table 11.11: PSKEY_PCM_LOW_JITTER_CONFIG Description _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 79 of 97 Device Terminal Descriptions 11.8 I/O Parallel Ports Fifteen lines of programmable bi-directional input/outputs (I/O) are provided. PIO[11:8] and PIO[3:0] are powered from VDD_PIO. PIO[7:4] are powered from VDD_PADS. AIO [2:0] are powered from VDD_MEM. PIO lines can be configured through software to have either weak or strong pull-ups or pull-downs. All PIO lines are configured as inputs with weak pull-downs at reset. PIO[0] and PIO[1] are normally dedicated to RXEN and TXEN respectively, but they are available for general use. BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go has three general purpose analogue interface pins, AIO[0], AIO[1] and AIO[2] also known as the extended PIO lines. These are used to access internal circuitry and control signals. One pin is allocated to decoupling for the on-chip band gap reference voltage; the other two may be configured to provide additional functionality. Auxiliary functions available via these pins include an 8-bit ADC and an 8-bit DAC. Typically the ADC is used for battery voltage measurement. Signals selectable at these pins include the band gap reference voltage and a variety of clock signals: 48, 24, 16, 8MHz and the XTAL clock frequency. When used with analogue signals, the voltage range is constrained by the analogue supply voltage (1.8V). When configured to drive out digital level signals (e.g., clocks), the output voltage level is determined by VDD_MEM (1.8V). 11.8.1 PIO Defaults CSR cannot guarantee that these terminal functions remain the same. Refer to the software release note for the implementation of these PIO lines, as they are firmware build-specific. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 80 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Any of the PIO lines can be configured as interrupt request lines or as wake-up lines from sleep modes. PIO[6] or PIO[2] can be configured as a request line for an external clock source. This is useful when the clock to BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is provided from a system application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Using PSKEY_CLOCK_REQUEST_ENABLE (0x246), this terminal can be configured to be low when BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is in Deep Sleep and high when a clock is required. The clock must be supplied within 4ms of the rising edge of PIO[6] or PIO[2] to avoid losing timing accuracy in certain Bluetooth operating modes. Device Terminal Descriptions _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 81 of 97 Device Terminal Descriptions 11.9 TCXO Enable OR Function An OR function exists for clock enable signals from a host controller and BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go where either device can turn on the clock without having to wake up the other device. PIO[3] can be used as the host clock enables input and PIO[2] can be used as the OR output with the TCXO enable signal from BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go. VDD GSM System TCXO Enable CLK REQ OUT BlueCore System CLK REQ IN/ PIO[3] CLK IN CLK REQ OUT/ PIO[2] Figure 11.28: Example TCXO Enable OR Function On reset and up to the time the PIO has been configured, PIO[2] will be tri-state. Therefore, the developer must ensure that the circuitry connected to this pin is pulled via a 470kΩ resistor to the appropriate power rail. This ensures that the TCXO is oscillating at start up. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 82 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet CLK IN Device Terminal Descriptions 11.10 RESET and RESETB BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go may be reset from several sources: RESET or RESETB pins Power on reset A UART break character Via a software configured watchdog timer The power on reset occurs when the VDD_CORE supply falls below typically 1.5V and is released when VDD_CORE rises above typically 1.6V. At reset the digital I/O pins are set to inputs for bi-directional pins and outputs are tri-state. The PIOs have weak pull-downs. Following a reset, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go assumes the maximum XTAL_IN frequency, which ensures that the internal clocks run at a safe (low) frequency until BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is configured for the actual XTAL_IN frequency. If no clock is present at XTAL_IN, the oscillator in BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go free runs, again at a safe frequency. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 83 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet The RESET pin is an active high reset and is internally filtered using the internal low frequency clock oscillator. A reset will be performed between 1.5ms and 4.0ms following RESET being active. It is recommended that RESET be applied for a period greater than 5ms. The RESETB pin is the active low version of RESET and is OR'd on-chip with the active high RESET, with either causing the reset function. Device Terminal Descriptions 11.10.1 Pin States on Reset Table 11.12 shows the pin states of BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go on reset. State: BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go PIO[11:0] Input with weak pull-down PCM_OUT Tri-state with weak pull-down PCM_IN Input with weak pull-down PCM_SYNC Input with weak pull-down PCM_CLK Input with weak pull-down UART_TX Output tri-state with weak pull-up UART_RX Input with weak pull-down UART_RTS Output tri-state with weak pull-up UART_CTS Input with weak pull-down USB_DP Input with weak pull-down USB_DN Input with weak pull-down SPI_CSB Input with weak pull-up SPI_CLK Input with weak pull-down SPI_MOSI Input with weak pull-down SPI_MISO Output tri-state with weak pull-down AIO[2:0] Output, driving low RESET Input with weak pull-down RESETB Input with weak pull-up TEST_EN Input with strong pull-down AUX_DAC High impedance RF_IN High impedance XTAL_IN High impedance, 250k to XTAL_OUT XTAL_OUT High impedance, 250k to XTAL_IN _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Pin Name Table 11.12: Pin States of BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go on Reset 11.10.2 Status after Reset The chip status after a reset is as follows: Warm Reset: Baud rate and RAM data remain available Cold Reset(1) : Baud rate and RAM data not available (1) A Cold Reset is either Power cycle, system reset (firmware fault code) or Reset signal. See section 11.10. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 84 of 97 Device Terminal Descriptions 11.11 Power Supply 11.11.1 Voltage Regulator (Plug-n-Go) An on-chip linear voltage regulator can be used to power the 1.8V dependent supplies. It is advised that a smoothing circuit using a 2.2µF low ESR capacitor and 2.2Ω resistor be placed on the output VDD_ANA. In the Plug-n-Go package, an internal 2.2Ω resistor is provided between the regulator output VDD_ANA and VDD_DIG. The regulator is switched into a low power mode when the device is sent into Deep Sleep mode. When the on-chip regulator is not required VDD_ANA is a 1.8V input and VREG_IN must be either open circuit or tied to VDD_ANA. It is recommended that VDD_CORE, VDD_RADIO and VDD_ANA be powered at the same time. The order of powering supplies for VDD_CORE, VDD_PIO, VDD_PADS and VDD_USB is not important. However, if VDD_CORE is not present, all inputs have a weak pull-down irrespective of the reset state. 11.11.3 Sensitivity to Disturbances CSR recommends if supplying BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go from an external voltage source that VDD_ANA and VDD_RADIO should have less than 10mV rms noise levels between 0 to 10MHz. In addition, avoid single tone frequencies. CSR recommends a simple RC filter for VDD_CORE, as this reduces transients put back onto the power supply rails. The remaining supplies VDD_PIO, VDD_PADS and VDD_USB can be connected together with the VREG_IN to the 3.3V supply and simply decoupled. The transient response of the regulator is also important. At the start of a packet, power consumption will jump to high levels. See the average current consumption section. The regulator should have a response time of 20µs or less; it is essential that the power rail recovers quickly. 11.11.4 VREG_EN Pin The regulator enable pin, VREG_EN, can be used to enable and disable the BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go device if the on-chip regulator is being used. The pin is active high and has an internal weak pull-up to enable the regulator if VREG_EN is not connected. BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 85 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet 11.11.2 Sequencing Product Reliability Tests 12 Product Reliability Tests Test Conditions Specification Sample Size ESD Human Body Model JEDEC 36 Latch-up ±200mA JEDEC 6 Early Life 125°C 48 – 168 hours 240 Hot Life Test 125°C 1000 hours 320 (240 FITs) Package Test Conditions Specification Sample Size Moisture Sensitivity Precon JEDEC Level 3 (125°C 24 hours) 30°C/60%RH 192 hours five re-flow simulation cycles 308 Temperature Cycling -65°C to +150°C 500 cycles 77 121°C at 100% RH 96 hours 77 130°C/85% RH 96 hours 77 -55/125°C 100 cycles 77 150°C 1000 hours 77 AutoClave (Steam) HAST Thermal Shock High Temperature Storage BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 86 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Die Product Reliability Tests for BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go Automotive 13 Product Reliability Tests for BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go Automotive 13.1 AEC-Q100 The reliability tests in this section follow the tests outlined in the AEC-Q100 and were performed on BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go in VFBGA 10 x 10mm 96 I/O (lead-free solder balls). Samples are electrically tested at ambient temperature. This package qualification will (where moisture sensitivity preconditioning is required) use IPC/Jedec MSL3, i.e., the finished product is allowed a maximum exposure to a ≤30°C/60%RH environment for 168 hours before mounting. Die Test Conditions Specification Sample Size ESD Human Body Model JEDEC 24 Early Life 125°C VDDmax 48 hours 2400 Hot Life Test 125°C VDDmax 1000 hours 90, 77, 77 Test Conditions Specification Sample Size 192 hours five reflow simulation cycles 783 -65/150°C 500 cycles 231 from Precon 121°C/100%RH 96 hours 231 from Precon 85°C/85%RH Vddmax 1000 hours 231 from Precon -55/125°C 100 cycles 77 from Precon 150°C 1000 hours 77 Package Moisture Sensitivity Precon JEDEC Level 3 Temperature Cycling Autoclave (Steam) Temperature Humidity Bias Thermal Shock High Temperature Storage Other (125°C 24 hours) 30°C/60%RH Test Conditions Sample Size Bond Shear Acid decapsulation of finished product 30 bonds Wire Pull Acid decapsulation of finished product 60 wires from Precon and temperature cycling Two reflow cycles 150 balls N/A 30 devices Solder Ball Shear Visual Inspection and Dimensions BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 87 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet As part of CSR's automotive test program, customers will have access to the initial device reliability test report. They will also have access to a quarterly reliability test report update for automotive parts. Figure 14.1: Application Circuit for Radio Characteristics Specification C2 10n ANTENNA 50 OHMS K7 B1 D2 J2 C2 AIO[2] RF_CONNECT RF_IN VREG_EN AUX_DAC C1 10n 2R2 VSS_BALUN VSS_BALUN VSS_BALUN BAL_MATCH VSS_RADIO VSS_RADIO VSS_RADIO VSS_VCO VSS_VCO VSS_VCO VSS_ANA G1 J1 K1 A1 E2 F3 G2 G3 H2 H3 K4 NC NC DAC OUTPUT F1 E3 VDD_BALUN VDD_RADIO L5 VDD_ANA L6 B11 K6 F11 C3 2u2 1.8V REGULATOR VDD_DIG VDD_MEM VDD_MEM VDD_CORE VSS_CORE VSS_MEM VSS_MEM VSS_PADS VSS_PADS VSS_PADS F10 D9 J9 A2 E10 K10 C4 2u2 C8 3p3 U1 XT1 XTAL C9 10p BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go BC419143B TEST_EN E9 L7 VREG_IN B10 FLASH_EN RESET G9 E11 A3 L10 RESETB VDD_PADS VDD_PIO VDD_USB NC XTAL_IN L3 XTAL_OUT L4 Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 88 of 97 USB_DP USB_DN PCM_OUT PCM_IN PCM_SYNC PCM_CLK UART_TX UART_RX UART_RTS UART_CTS SPI_CSB SPI_CLK SPI_MOSI SPI_MISO AIO[0] AIO[1] PIO[0]/RXEN PIO[1]/TXEN PIO[2] PIO[3] PIO[4] PIO[5] PIO[6] PIO[7] PIO[8] PIO[9] PIO[10] PIO[11] L9 L8 G10 H11 G11 H10 J10 J11 L11 K11 C10 D10 D11 C11 K5 J6 D3 C4 C3 B2 H9 J8 K8 K9 B3 B4 A4 A5 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet BC419143B-ds-001Pe F9 VIO VIN 22R R2 22R R1 TP5 TP6 TP7 TP8 TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 USB_D+ USB_D- 8 BIT ADC INPUTS GENERAL PURPOSE I/O Application Schematic 14 Application Schematic Package Dimensions 15 Package Dimensions 15.1 10 x 10 LFBGA 96-Ball 1.6mm Package Top View 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bottom View 10 11 11 10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PX X Y F 4 PY B C C D D E E F E E1 SE F G G H H J J K e L G J 3 A3 A1 0.08 Z Z 2 Øb SD D 0.1 Z A B A2 D1 K L 1 H A Scale = 1mm SEATING PLANE 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 15.1: BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go 96-Ball LFBGA 1.6mm Package Dimensions BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 89 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet A RoHS Statement with a List of Banned Materials 16 RoHS Statement with a List of Banned Materials 16.1 RoHS Statement BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go where explicitly stated in this Data Sheet meets the requirements of Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Restriction of Hazardous Substance (RoHS). 16.1.1 List of Banned Materials The following banned substances are not present in BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go which is compliant with RoHS: Cadmium Lead Mercury Hexavalent chromium PBB (Polybrominated Bi-Phenyl) PBDE (Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether) _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet In addition, BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go is free from the following substances: PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 90 of 97 Ordering Information 17 Ordering Information 17.1 BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go Package Interface Version UART and USB 96-Ball LFBGA (Pb free) Size Shipment Method 10 x 10 x 1.6mm Tape and reel Order Number BC419143B-ANN-E4 (a) _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet (a) Type Until BlueCore4-Flash Plug-n-Go reaches Production status order number is BC419143BES-ANN-E4. Minimum Order Quantity 2kpcs taped and reeled BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 91 of 97 Contact Information 18 Contact Information CSR Denmark CSR Japan Churchill House Novi Science Park CSR KK Cambridge Business Park Niels Jernes Vej 10 9F Kojimachi KS Square 5-3-3, Cowley Road 9220 Aalborg East Kojimachi, Cambridge, CB4 0WZ Denmark Chiyoda-ku, United Kingdom Tel: +45 72 200 380 Tokyo 102-0083 Tel: +44 (0) 1223 692 000 Fax: +45 96 354 599 Japan Fax: +44 (0) 1223 692 001 e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +81-3-5276-2911 e-mail: [email protected] Fax: +81-3-5276-2915 e-mail: [email protected] CSR Korea CSR Taiwan CSR U.S. 2nd Floor, Hyo-Bong Building, 6th Floor, No. 407, 2425 N. Central Expressway 1364-1, Seocho-dong, Rui Guang Road, Suite 1000 Seocho-gu, NeiHu, Richardson Seoul 137-863, Taipei 114, Texas 75080 Korea Taiwan, R.O.C. USA Tel: +82 2 3473 2372-5 Tel: +886 2 7721 5588 Tel: +1 (972) 238 2300 Fax : +82 2 3473 2205 Fax: +886 2 7721 5589 Fax: +1 (972) 231 1440 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] To contact a CSR representative, go to www.csr.com/contacts.htm BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 92 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet CSR UK Document References 19 Document References Reference Specification of the Bluetooth system v1.1, 22 February 2001 and v1.2, 05 November 2003 Bluetooth Core Specification v2.0 + EDR v2.0+EDR, 8 November 2004 Bluetooth Test Document v2.0+EDR v2.0.e.0, 5 November 2004 Universal Serial Bus Specification v1.1, 23 September 1998 Selection of Flash Memory for Use with BlueCore CSR document bcore-an-001P Selection of I2C EEPROMS for Use with BlueCore CSR document bcore-an-008P IA-481-2 16mm, 24mm, 32mm, 44mm and 56mm Embossed Carrier Taping of Surface Mount Components for Automatic Handling EIA-541 Packaging Material Standards for ESD Sensitive Items EIA-583 Packaging Material Standards for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Sensitive Items IPC / JEDEC J-STD-033 BC419143B-ds-001Pe Standard for Handling, Packing, Shipping and Use of Moisture / Reflow Sensitive Surface Mount Devices Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 93 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Document: Terms and Definitions 20 Terms and Definitions 8 phase Differential Phase Shift Keying π/4 DQPSK pi/4 rotated Differential Quaternary Phase Shift Keying BlueCore® Group term for CSR’s range of Bluetooth chips Bluetooth™ Set of technologies providing audio and data transfer over short-range radio connections ACL Asynchronous Connection-Less. Bluetooth data packet ADC Analogue to Digital Converter AFH Adaptive Frequency Hopping AGC Automatic Gain Control A-law Audio encoding standard ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit API Application Programming Interface ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit BCSP BlueCore™ Serial Protocol BER Bit Error Rate. Used to measure the quality of a link BIST Built-In Self-Test BMC Burst Mode Controller CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CODEC Coder Decoder CQDDR Channel Quality Driven Data Rate CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CSB Chip Select (Active Low) CSR Cambridge Silicon Radio CTS Clear to Send CVSD Continuous Variable Slope Delta Modulation DAC Digital to Analogue Converter dBm Decibels relative to 1mW DDS Direct Digital Synthesis DC Direct Current DFU Device Firmware Upgrade DNL Differential Linearity Error DSP Digital Signal Processor EDR Enhanced Data Rate eSCO Extended SCO ESR Equivalent Series Resistance FIR Finite Impulse Response FSK Frequency Shift Keying BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet 8DPSK Page 94 of 97 Terms and Definitions General Circuit Interface GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying GSM Global System for Mobile communications HCI Host Controller Interface I2C™ Inter-Integrated Circuit IF Intermediate Frequency IIR Infinite Impulse Response INL Integral Linearity Error IQ Modulation In-Phase and Quadrature Modulation ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical Kalimba DSP core for CSR’s range of chips ksps KiloSamples Per Second L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (protocol layer) LC Link Controller LCD Liquid Crystal Display LFBGA Low profile Fine Ball Grid Array LMP Link Manager Protocol LNA Low Noise Amplifier LPF Low Pass Filter LSB Least-Significant Bit MCU MicroController Unit µ-law Audio Encoding Standard MIPS Million Instructions Per Second MMU Memory Management Unit MISO Master In Serial Out NOB Number Of Bits OHCI Open Host Controller Interface PA Power Amplifier PCM Pulse Code Modulation. Refers to digital voice data PDA Personal Digital Assistant Persistent Store Storage of BlueCore’s configuration values in non-volatile memory PIO Parallel Input Output PICS Profile Implementation Confirmation Statement pk-pk Peak to Peak PLL Phase Lock Loop ppm parts per million PS Key Persistent Store Key RAM Random Access Memory REB Read enable (Active Low) BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet GCI Page 95 of 97 Terms and Definitions Reference. Represents dimension for reference use only. RF Radio Frequency RFCOMM Protocol layer providing serial port emulation over L2CAP RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer rms root mean squared RSSI Receive Signal Strength Indication RTS Ready To Send RX Receive or Receiver SCO Synchronous Connection-Oriented. Voice oriented Bluetooth packet SDK Software Development Kit SDP Service Discovery Protocol SIG Special Interest Group SINAD SIgnal to Noise ratio And Distortion SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SPDIF Sony and Philips Interface Specification SPI Serial Peripheral Interface SSI Synchronous Serial Interface TBD To Be Defined TCXO Temperature Controlled crystal Oscillator TX Transmit or Transmitter UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter UHCI Upper Host Control Interface USB Universal Serial Bus or Upper Side Band (depending on context) VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator VFBGA Very Fine Ball Grid Array VM Virtual Machine W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access WEB Write Enable (Active Low) BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet REF Page 96 of 97 Document History 21 Document History Date Revision Reason for Change FEB 05 a Original publication of this document. (CSR reference: BC419143B-ds-001Pa) MAR 05 b Amended System Architecture and Device Diagrams. Added Balun and Filter block description. Minor amends. (CSR reference: BC419143B-ds-001Pb) APR 05 c Amended maximum baud rate to 3M baud and added additional data rates. Updated Auxilliary DAC in Description of Functional Blocks Amendment to note (a) concerning specified output voltage in the Auxilliary DAC table (Input/Output Terminal Characteristics) in Electrical Characteristics. JUL 05 d Amendment to note (g) concerning VREG_EN and VREG_IN in Linear Regulator table in Electrical Characteristics. Power Consumption moved from Radio Characteristics to Electrical Characteristics section. Changed title of Record of Changes to Document History; changed title of Acronyms and Abbreviations to Terms and Definitions. APR 06 e Updated references to VDD_MEM. See Electrical Characteristics, and Sensitivity to Disturbances in Device Terminal Descriptions. _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç» Product Data Sheet BC419143B-DS-001Pe April 2006 BC419143B-ds-001Pe Advance Information © CSR plc 2006 Page 97 of 97 _äìÉ`çêÉ»QJcä~ëÜ=mäìÖJåJdç»= Data Sheet Electrical Characteristics and Radio Characteristics - Basic Data Rate updated to reflect a radio performance temperature range of -40°C to +85°C.