February 1997 NS486 TM SXF Optimized 32-Bit 486-Class Controller with On-Chip Peripherals for Embedded Systems General Description The NS486SXF is a highly integrated embedded system controller incorporating an Intel486TM -class 32-bit processor, all of the necessary System Service Elements, and a set of peripheral I/O controllers tailored for embedded control systems. It is ideally suited for a wide variety of applications running in a segmented protect-mode environment. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Key Features Y Y Y Y Y Y 100% compatible with VxWorksÉ, VRTXÉ, QNXÉ Neutrino, pSOS a TM , and other popular real-time executives and operating system kernels Intel486 instruction set compatible (protected mode only) with optimized performance CPU includes a 1 Kbyte Instruction Cache Operation at 25 MHz with 5V supply Low cost 160-pin PQFP package Industry standard interrupt controller, timers, real time clock, UART with IrDA v1.0 (Infrared Data Association) port Y Y Y Y Y Intel 82365 compatible PCMCIA interface Protected WATCHDOGTM timer Optimized DRAM Controller (supports two banks, up to 8 Mbytes each) Up to nine versatile, programmable chip selects Glueless interface to ISA peripherals Arbitration support for auxiliary processor Four external DMA channels (max. transfer rate of 25 MByte/sec @ 25 MHz) support many transfer modes High performance IEEE 1284 (ECP) Bidirectional Parallel Port MICROWIRETM /Access.bus synchronous serial interfaces LCD Controller for an up to 4 grey scale supertwist Liquid Crystal Displays up to 480 X 320 Reconfigurable I/O: Up to 29 I/O pins can be used as general purpose bidirectional I/O lines Flexible, programmable, multilevel power saving modes maximize power savings NS486SXF Single-Chip Embedded Controller TL/EE/12514 – 1 TRI-STATEÉ is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. NS486TM , WATCHDOGTM and MICROWIRETM are trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation. Intel486TM is a trademark of Intel Corporation. QNXÉ is a registered trademark of QNX Software Systems, Inc. VRTXÉ is a registered trademark of Microtec Research, Inc. VxWorksÉ is a registered trademark of Wind River Systems, Inc. pSOS a TM is a trademark of Integrated Systems Inc. PowerPackÉ is a registered trademark of Microtek International. C1996 National Semiconductor Corporation TL/EE12514 RRD-B30M27/Printed in U. S. A. http://www.national.com NS486SXF Optimized 32-Bit 486-Class Controller with On-Chip Peripherals for Embedded Systems ADVANCE INFORMATION Table of Contents 2.0 PIN DESCRIPTION TABLES 1.0 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.1 NS486SXF System Overview 3.0 DEVICE SPECIFICATIONS 1.2 32-bit Processor Core 3.1 DC Electrical Specifications 5V g 5% 1.3 System Service Elements 3.1.1 Recommended Operating Conditions 3.1.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 2 and 3) 3.1.3 Capacitance: TA e 25§ C, f e 1 MHz 1.3.1 DRAM Controller 1.3.2 DMA Controller 1.3.3 Programmable Interval Timer 1.3.4 WATCHDOG Timer 1.3.5 Interrupt Controller 1.3.6 Real Time Clock/Calendar 1.3.7 Power Management Features 3.1.4 DC Characteristics 3.2 General AC Specifications 3.2.1 Power Ramp Times 3.2.2 PWRGOOD and Power Rampdown Timing 3.3 AC Switching Specifications 1.4 NS486SXF System Bus 3.3.1 DRAM Interface Timing Specification 3.3.2 ISA-like Bus Cycles Timing Specification 3.3.3 Ready Feedback Timing Specifications 3.3.4 OSCX1 AC Specification 3.3.5 Peripheral Timing Specifications 1.5 Other On-board Peripherals 1.5.1 Reconfigurable I/O Lines 1.5.2 IEEE 1284 Bidirectional Port 1.5.3 PCMCIA Interface 1.5.4 MICROWIRE/Access.bus Interface 1.5.5 UART Serial Port 1.5.6 LCD Controller 3.4 Physical Description 1.6 ICE Support 1.7 Other Issues http://www.national.com 2 List of Figures FIGURE 1-1. NS486SXF Internal Resource to Pins Map FIGURE 1-2. NS486SXF Internal Busses FIGURE 2-1. FIGURE 3-1. FIGURE 3-2. FIGURE 3-3. FIGURE 3-4. FIGURE 3-5. FIGURE 3-6. FIGURE 3-7. FIGURE 3-8. FIGURE 3-9. FIGURE 3-10. FIGURE 3-11. FIGURE 3-12. FIGURE 3-13. FIGURE 3-14. FIGURE 3-15. FIGURE 3-16. FIGURE 3-17. FIGURE 3-18. FIGURE 3-19. FIGURE 3-20. FIGURE 3-21. FIGURE 3-22. NS486SXF Package Pinout Diagram Switching Characteristic Measurement Waveforms More Switching Specifications Power Supply Rise and Fall PWGOOD in relation to VDD DRAM Timing Diagram ISA-like Bus Timing Diagram Ready Feedback Timing Diagram TTL Clock Input Timing Diagram DMA Controller Read Timing Diagram DMA Controller Write Timing Diagram PIC Timing Diagram Memory Read Timing Memory Write Timing Diagram I/O Read Timing I/O Write Timing Diagram Access.bus Timing Diagram UART Baud Rate and Infrared Clocks UART IRQ Timing UART Modem Control Timing LCD Controller Timing Diagram Testmode Timing Diagram Plastic Package Specifications 3 http://www.national.com List of Tables TABLE 2-1. Bus Interface Unit Pins TABLE 2-2. DMA Control Pins TABLE 2-3. TABLE 2-4. TABLE 2-5. TABLE 2-6. TABLE 2-7. TABLE 2-8. TABLE 2-9. TABLE 2-10. TABLE 2-11. TABLE 2-12. TABLE 2-13. TABLE 2-14. TABLE 2-15. TABLE 2-16. TABLE 2-17. TABLE 2-18. TABLE 3-1. TABLE 3-2. TABLE 3-3. TABLE 3-4. TABLE 3-5. TABLE 3-6. TABLE 3-7. TABLE 3-8. TABLE 3-9. TABLE 3-10. TABLE 3-11. TABLE 3-12. TABLE 3-13. TABLE 3-14. TABLE 3-15. TABLE 3-16. TABLE 3-17. TABLE 3-18. DRAM Control Pins Power Pins Reset Logic Pins Auxiliary Processor Interface Pins Test Pins Interrupt Control Pins Real Time Clock Pins LCD Interface Pins Oscillator Pins HP-SIR/UART Pins PCMCIA pins IEEE-1284 Port (ECP Mode) Timer Pins 3-Wire Serial I/O Pins General Purpose Chip Select Pins Summary of Reconfigurable I/O Pins VDD Rise and Fall Times VDD Rampdown vs PWRGOOD 4 Cycle Page Miss Preliminary Specifications 3 Cycle Miss Preliminary Specifications No Command Delay ISA-like Bus Specifications One Programmed Command Delay ISA-like Bus Specifications Ready Signal Timing Specifications TTL Clock Input Specification DMA Controller Specifications PIC Timing Specifications Parallel Port Compatibility Mode Handshake Timing Values Parallel Port IEEE 1284 Mode Handshake Timing Values PCMCIA Memory Read Timing Specifications Memory Write Timing PCMCIA I/O Read Specifications PCMCIA I/O Write Specifications Access.Bus Timing Specifications LCD Controller Timing Specifications http://www.national.com 4 1.0 System Overview cache-like performance; a six-channel DMA controller with two channels supporting data transfers from on-chip peripherals (the IEEE 1284 ECP or Extended Capabilities Port, and the LCD controller), and four channels supporting external devices such as scanners, and print engines; three timer channels (including one configured as a protected WATCHDOG Timer); two programmable 8259 interrupt controllers provide 15 on-chip interrupt sources; an industry standard real time clock and calendar (RTC) with battery backup; and support for comprehensive power management schemes. In addition, the NS486SXF also incorporates the key I/O peripherals required for implementing a wide variety of embedded applications: an IEEE 1284 Bidirectional Parallel Port that includes both Host and Slave modes, an Intel 82365-compatible PCMCIA controller for one card slot, an industry standard high-performance NS16550-compatible UART with HP-SIR and IrDA v1.0 infrared option, an LCD panel interface with DMA supported refresh for many of the standard resolutions, an 8254 timer, and a general purpose 2- or 3-wire synchronous serial interface for easy interface to low-cost EEPROMs and other serial peripherals. System expansion is supported with nine programmable Chip Select (CS) signals and a generic ISA-type bus interface for external devices and memory. 1.1 NS486SXF SYSTEM OVERVIEW The NS486SXF is a highly integrated embedded system controller. It includes an Intel486-class 32-bit processor, all resources required for the System Service Elements of a Real-Time Executive, and a generous set of peripherals. This ‘‘system-on-a-chip’’ is ideal for implementing a wide variety of embedded applications. These include (but are not limited to) fax machines, multifunction peripherals (fax, scanners, printers) mobile companions (both organizer and communicator), television set-top boxes, and telephones (mobile and desktop). The 32-bit processor core executes all of the Intel486 instructions with a similar number of clocks per instruction. An on-board 1 kbyte instruction cache provides for efficient execution from ROM. Intel486 debug features are supported. The processor has been optimized for operating system kernels such as VRTX, VxWorks, pSOS a and QNX. These environments only need the ‘486 protected mode operation (no real mode or virtual 8086 support), flat or linear memory addressing (no virtual memory paging), and floating point execution in software only (no co-processor interface). In fact, the NS486SXF includes all of the System Service Elements required by a typical kernel, including an efficient DRAM controller that supports page-mode DRAMs for data TL/EE/12514 – 2 FIGURE 1-1. NS486SXF Internal Resource to Pins Map 5 http://www.national.com 1.0 System Overview (Continued) 1.3.1 DRAM Controller Certain I/O lines not being used by disabled peripherals can be reconfigured for use as general purpose bidirectional I/O lines (up to 29 pins). This gives the designer maximum flexibility in designing various systems using the NS486SXF device. It is expected that an NS486SXF system will minimally include the NS486SXF system controller with on-board processor and I/O devices, boot ROM, and working RAM memory. Many applications will not require any additional I/O support. Finally, the NS486SXF implements a very flexible power management scheme that permits selective control of individual I/O subsystems, with varying levels of power consumption. NS486SXF provides a cost-effective hardware platform for the design and implementation of a wide range of office automation and communication systems. With its powerful embedded ‘486-class processor, comprehensive set of onchip peripheral controllers, flexible power management structure and reconfigurable I/O lines, NS486SXF makes possible a variety of end-user systems based on the same hardware. Because of its optimized design and on-board resources, a very cost effective system can be achieved. The NS486SXF DRAM controller supports one or two adjustable-sized banks of dynamic RAM using a 16-bit data path. Support is provided for byte parity (if desired), requiring the DRAM banks to be 18 bits wide when parity is enabled. Banks can be up to 8 Mbytes in size. The DRAM controller supports page mode read and write operations and can also support both byte and word accesses. All access control signals for read, write and parity checking are generated as well as an automatic and programmable CASbefore-RAS refresh. If self-refresh DRAMs are used, refresh can be disabled, saving power. NS486SXF provides flexible support for use of a number of different DRAM configurations, using popular DRAM devices. Access is optimized for fast page mode DRAMs, and they will provide the highest performance with contiguous data. When accessing data bytes or words in the same DRAM page, the data access is in one cycle. This performance provides fast data access times without the overhead of a separate data cache. Page sizes can be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 bytes. Flexibility for DRAM timing is provided through programming of the DRAM controller registers: 3 or 4 cycle page miss accesses and extended CAS cycles can be selected. Memory bank 0 starts at address 0h; memory bank 1 can start at any address in the 128 Mbyte address map that is a multiple of its size. 1.2 32-BIT PROCESSOR CORE The NS486SXF processor core is an implementation of the protected mode ‘486 instruction set architecture, optimized using a RISC-like design philosophy for embedded applications. Using this approach, the most frequently used instructions are optimized, and on an average execute in a lower number of clock cycles than a ‘486. The NS486SXF features a three stage pipeline, efficient instruction prefetching mechanism, and single cycle instruction decoding for most instructions. Additionally, a 1 kbyte instruction cache and single cycle DRAM access provide higher memory performance than a larger unified cache implementation. The NS486SXF processor provides the same programming model and register set as the standard ‘486 except that real mode, virtual memory, and floating point support have been eliminated. These features have little or no impact in embedded applications and save significant silicon real estate. At reset, unlike the standard ‘486, the NS486SXF starts up in protected mode instead of real mode. All ‘486 instructions appropriate to protected mode and our hardware configuration are supported, including debug instructions. The NS486SXF is initially available to run 25 MHz at 5V. The processor clock is obtained by dividing the crystal frequency by two. For example, a 25 MHz NS486SXF runs with a 50 MHz crystal oscillator as the master clock. As a result of our innovative design, the NS486SXF achieves performance equivalent to a standard ‘486 with less circuitry. This translates into reduced power consumption and a lower overall system cost. It also makes the NS486SXF ideal for ‘‘green’’ systems and battery operated systems. 1.3.2 DMA Controller The NS486SXF Direct Memory Access (DMA) controller is a high speed 16-bit controller that improves system performance by off-loading from the processor the task of managing data transfers to and from memory and external devices. Data transfers are done independently from the processor at a maximum data rate of 2 bytes per 2 clock cycles. (A 25 MHz clock yields a 25 megabyte per second transfer rate.) There are six independent DMA channels. Requestor and target addresses have a maximum addressable memory range of 64 Mbytes. Three standard transfer modes, single, block and demand, are provided giving the designer a wide range of DMA options. A special transfer type, cascademaster, allows an external master to access the NS486SXF ISA-like bus. Normal transfers can be from memory to memory, memory to I/O and I/O to memory. DMA transfers are controlled by DMA control registers in the NS486SXF control register I/O map. 1.3.3 Programmable Interval Timer The NS486SXF programmable interval timer is compatible with the Intel 8254 programmable interval timer and contains three identical timers (CH0 – CH2). CH0 and CH1 can be used to generate accurate timing delays under software control. CH2 may be configured to provide a WATCHDOG timer function. 1.3.4 WATCHDOG Timer The NS486SXF WATCHDOG timer, CH2, is a protected 16-bit timer that can be used to prevent system ‘‘lockups or hangups.’’ It uses a 1 kHz clock generated by the on-chip real-time clock circuit. If the WATCHDOG timer is enabled and times out, a reset or interrupt will be generated allowing graceful recovery from an unexpected system lockup. 1.3 SYSTEM SERVICE ELEMENTS The NS486SXF controller provides the basic hardware resources required for the O/S-defined System Service Elements. These include a DRAM controller, a DMA controller, programmable interval timer, a protected WATCHDOG timer, a programmable interrupt controller, a real-time clock and calendar, and comprehensive power management features. http://www.national.com 6 1.0 System Overview (Continued) troller, the ECP port, the three-wire interface, the timer, the LCD controller, the DRAM controller, the PCMCIA controller and the UART can be disabled. 1.3.5 Interrupt Controller The NS486SXF interrupt controller consists of two cascaded programmable interrupt controllers that are compatible with the Intel 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller. They provide a total of 15 (out of 16) programmable interrupts. Three interrupts are reserved for a real time clock-tick interrupt, a real time clock interrupt request, and a cascade interrupt channel. The remaining 13 interrupts can be used by internal or external sources. Additional external interrupt controllers can be cascaded as well. In addition to these internal clocks, the external SYSCLK can be disabled via a bit in the power management control registers. Using various combinations of these power saving controls with the NS486SXF controller will result in excellent programmable power management for any application. 1.4 NS486SXF SYSTEM BUS The NS486SXF system bus provides the interface to offchip peripherals and memory. It offers an ISA-compatible interface and is therefore capable of directly interfacing to many ISA peripheral control devices. The interface is accomplished through the Bus Interface Unit (BIU). The BIU generates all of the access signals for both internal and external peripherals and memory. Depending upon whether the access is to internal peripherals, external peripherals or external memory, the BIU generates the timing and control signals to access those resources. The BIU is designed to support a glueless interface to many ISA-type peripherals. For debug purposes, the NS486SXF can be set to generate external bus cycles at the same time as an internal peripheral access takes place. This gives logic analyzers or other debug tools the ability to track and capture internal peripheral accesses. Access to internal peripherals is accomplished in three CPU T-states (clock cycles). The fastest access to off-chip I/O is also three T-states. When accessing off-chip memory and I/O, wait state generation is accomplished through a combination of NS486SXF chip select logic and off-chip peripheral feedback signals. 1.3.6 Real Time Clock/Calendar The NS486SXF Real Time Clock/Calendar is a low power clock that provides a time-of-day clock and 100-year calendar with alarm features and battery operation. Time is kept in BCD or binary format. It includes 50 bytes of general purpose CMOS RAM and 3 maskable interrupt sources. It is compatible with the DS1287 and MC146818 RTC/Calendar devices, except for the general purpose memory size. 1.3.7 Power Management Features The NS486SXF power management structure includes a number of power saving mechanisms that can be combined to achieve comprehensive power savings under a variety of system conditions. First of all, the core processor power consumption can be controlled by varying the processor/ system clock frequency. The internal CPU clock can be divided by 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64. In addition, in idle mode, the internal processor clock will be disabled. Finally, if an external crystal oscillator circuit is being used, it can be disabled. For maximum power savings, all internal clocks can be disabled (except for the real-time clock oscillator). The clocks of the on-board peripherals can be individually or globally controlled. By setting bits in the power management control registers, the internal clocks to the DMA con- TL/EE/12514 – 3 FIGURE 1-2. NS486SXF Internal Busses 7 http://www.national.com 1.0 System Overview (Continued) 1.5.5 UART Serial Port When the CPU is in idle mode, the BIU is designed to mimic the CPU during DMA interchanges between memory and peripherals. By responding to DRQs and generating DACK, and HOLDA signals as required, the BIU eliminates the need to reactivate the CPU during such transfers as screen updates from memory to the LCD controller. This gives the designer added flexibility in conserving power while maintaining basic system functions. The NS486SXF UART provides complete NS16550 (PC standard) serial communications port compatibility including the performance enhancing 16-byte deep FIFO. It performs serial-to-parallel conversion from external devices to the NS486SXF and parallel-to-serial conversion from the NS486SXF to external peripherals. Full modem control can be supported. A serial IrDA v1.0 and HP-SIR (infrared) mode is also supported, making possible low-cost wireless communications between an NS486SXF-based system and other wireless infrared systems. 1.5 OTHER ON-BOARD PERIPHERALS In addition to those peripherals and system control elements needed for System Service Elements, the NS486SXF also includes a number of I/O controllers and resources that make implementing a complete embedded system possible with just a single-chip NS486SXF controller. These include an IEEE 1284 Extended Capabilities Port, a serial UART port, a LCD controller, a PCMCIA interface and a MICROWIRE or Access.bus synchronous serial bus interface. In addition, unused I/O controllers free up their I/O pins for general purpose use. 1.5.6 LCD Controller The NS486SXF LCD controller is capable of controlling a variety of monochrome supertwist LCD configurations including 320x240, 320x200 and 480x320 black and white or grayscale graphics LCD modules equipped with self-contained screen drivers. It uses a video frame buffer in system DRAM with either a 1- or 2-bit per pixel grayscale. A 60 Hz to 90 Hz frame refresh rate is supported. Special controls permit the fine tuning of display characteristics to precisely optimize visual display quality. 1.5.1 Reconfigurable I/O Lines The NS486SXF supports reconfigurable I/O. For example, if the UART, ECP Parallel Port, LCD or PCMCIA functions are not being used, the I/O pins associated with them can be reconfigured as general purpose bidirectional I/O pins. Up to 29 pins can be reconfigured for this purpose. This capability makes the NS486SXF extremely versatile and ideal for supporting different end product configurations with a single NS486SXF device. 1.6 ICE SUPPORT National Semiconductor has worked closely with Microtek International to provide hardware in-circuit emulator support for the NS486SXF. The Microtek product (PowerPackÉ EANS486) uses a special bondout version of the NS486SXF to deliver a full-featured hardware emulator that is capable of tracing on chip activity, including peripheral interrupt and I/O activity. The emulator runs at full speed, and supports overlay memory and multiple triggers. 1.5.2 IEEE 1284 Bidirectional Port The NS486SXF parallel port is a multifunction 8-bit parallel port that is compatible with the IEEE 1284 bidirectional parallel port standard. The operation of the parallel port is set by the content of the NS486SXF parallel port I/O control registers. The port can operate in one of two modes: a standard parallel port mode (PC compatible), or a full Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) mode. The NS486SXF ECP port can support both Host and Slave ECP mode. In slave mode, the NS486SXF becomes a versatile microprocessor for parallel I/O peripheral devices. 1.7 OTHER ISSUES NS486SXF provides a comprehensive set of on-board peripherals. Also, it is designed to easily interface to external peripherals. In addition to this ISA-like bus which supports ISA-compatible peripherals, the NS486SXF provides an interface to an external master with a shared memory space. The external master or auxiliary processor interface allows low cost interfacing to shared external memory belonging to other external masters (including another NS486SXF controller). To program the resources of the NS486SXF, a set of internal control registers exists. These registers provide precise control over all internal resources and the setup of external NS486SXF control signals. It is the designer’s responsibility to ensure the proper initialization of the registers in this I/O map. In addition, the NS486SXF core processor itself requires several descriptor tables and initialization parameters that must be set by user-written start-up software. The NS486SXF is designed from the ground up for optimum price/performance in embedded systems. This makes the NS486SXF the logical choice as the base hardware platform for executing an embedded operating system kernel such as those available from Microtec International, Wind River, ISI, QNX, and many others. Any Operating System or Real-Time Executive that will operate in a segmented or flat memory model protect mode environment is a suitable complement to the NS486SXF. Also, there are many third party tool sets that will allow an executable application to be built to run directly on the target hardware without an O/S environment. 1.5.3 PCMCIA Interface The NS486SXF PCMCIA interface supports the direct connection of a single PCMCIA 2.0 IC card. Exchange Card Architecture (ExCA release 1.50) compatibility and eXecute In Place (XIP) capability is also provided. Accessing the PCMCIA interface switches the external bus automatically into the PCMCIA mode and permits Memory Window Mapping and Address Offset to be handled inside the NS486SXF device. Power management and ‘‘hot’’ card insertion/removal options can be implemented using external buffering, if required. 1.5.4 MICROWIRE/Access.bus Interface The NS486SXF MICROWIRE/Access.bus interface provides for full support of either the three-wire MICROWIRE or the two-wire Access.bus serial interfaces. MICROWIRE has an alternate clock phasing option that supports the SPI bus protocol as well. These industry standard interfaces permit easy interfacing to a wide range of low-cost specialty memories and I/O devices. These include EEPROMs, SRAMs, timers, clock chips, A/D converters, D/A converters, and peripheral device drivers. http://www.national.com 8 2.0 Pin Description Tables TL/EE/12514 – 4 FIGURE 2-1. NS486SXF Package Pinout Diagram Mode) Pins, Timer Pins, 3-Wire Serial I/O Pins, General Purpose Chip Select Pins, and Reconfigurable I/O Pins. Twenty-nine I/O pins are multipurpose. In their standard modes, they perform specific I/O controller functions. When those particular I/O functions are not required in the system, however, those pins can be reprogrammed to become general purpose, bidirectional I/O lines. The NS486SXF single chip controller is provided in a compact 160-pin, industry standard JEDEC PQFP package. The following tables detail the Symbol, Type, and Description of each pin. The tables divide the pins into functional groups as follows: Bus Interface Unit Pins, DMA Control Pins, DRAM Control Pins, Power Pins, Reset Logic Pins, Auxiliary Processor Interface Pins, Test Pins, Interrupt Control Pins, Real Time Clock Pins, LCD Interface Pins, Oscillator Pins, UART/IrDA Pins, PCMCIA Pins, IEEE-1284 Port (ECP Note: In the above figure and in the following tables, all active low signals are shown with an overbar. 9 http://www.national.com 2.0 Pin Description Tables (Continued) TABLE 2-1. Bus Interface Unit Pins Symbol Pins Type Function SA[25:0] 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160 O System Address bus. These output-only signals carry the latched address for the current access. DRAM accesses multiplex the row and column addresses for the DRAMs on the SA[12:1] pins. During Interrupt Acknowledge cycles, the internal master interrupt controller’s cascade line signals, CAS[2:0], are driven onto SA[25:23], respectively. SA[0] is sampled at the end of reset to determine if the part will run normally or enter ICE TRI-STATE mode. SD[15:0] 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 I/O SBHE 129 O Byte High Enable. This active-low signal indicates that the high byte (odd address byte) is being transferred. External 16-bit devices should use this signal to help them determine that a data byte is to be transferred on the upper byte of the System Data bus (SD[15:8]). 8-bit devices should ignore this signal. SBHE is sampled at the end of power good reset to determine if the boot ROM is 8- or 16-bit wide. IOR 124 O IO Read command. This active-low signal instructs an I/O device to place data onto the system data bus. IOW 125 O IO Write command. This active-low signal indicates to an I/O device that a write operation is in process on the system bus. MEMR 126 O MEMory Read command. This active-low signal instructs a memory mapped device to place data onto the system data bus. MEMW 127 O MEMory Write command. This active-low signal indicates to a memory mapped device that a write operation is in process on the system bus. CS16 122 I/O Chip Select 16-bit. This active-low feedback signal indicates that the device being accessed is a 16-bit device. This signal should be driven by external devices with an open collector driver. If a chip select is programmed to force 16-bit accesses, this signal will be asserted (low) during the access. RDY 123 I ReaDY. An external device may drive this signal inactive low to insert wait states and extend the external bus cycle. This signal should be driven with an open collector or be TRI-STATE driven. http://www.national.com System Data bus: This bi-directional data bus provides the data path for all memory and I/O accesses. During transfers with 8-bit devices, the upper data byte is not used (SD[15:8]). 10 2.0 Pin Description Tables (Continued) TABLE 2-2. DMA Control Pins Symbol Pins Type DRQ[4], DRQ[3], DRQ[2], DRQ[0] 34, 32, 36, 38 I DMA ReQuest. A DRQn signal requests the internal DMA Controller to transfer data between the Requesting Device and memory. Function DACK[4], DACK[3], DACK[2], DACK[0] 35, 33, 37, 39 O DMA ACKnowledge: When the CPU has relinquished control of the bus to a requesting DMA channel, the appropriate active-low DACKn signal acknowledges the winning DRQn. TC/EOP 40 I/O Terminal Count/End Of Process: This signal may operate either as a terminal count output or an active-low End of Process input. As TC, an active-high pulse occurs on this signal when the terminal count for any DMA channel has been reached. As EOP, an external device may terminate the DMA transfer by driving this signal active-low. TABLE 2-3. DRAM Control Pins Pins Type RAS[1:0] Symbol 30, 31 O Row Address Strobe. On the falling edge of these active-low signals, Bank 1 and Bank 0 respectively, should latch in the row address off of SA[12:1]. If only one bank of DRAMs are supported, RAS0 will support that bank and RAS1 will be unused. CASH[1:0] 25, 26 O Column Address Strobe (High Byte). These active-low signals indicate when the column access is being made to the high byte of DRAM Bank 1 and DRAM Bank 0 respectively. If only one bank of DRAMs are supported, CASH0 will support the high byte of that bank and CASH1 will be unused. CASL[1:0] 28, 29 O Column Address Strobe (Low Byte). These active-low signals indicate when the column access is being made to the low byte of DRAM Bank 1 and DRAM Bank 0, respectively. If only one bank of DRAMs are supported, CASL0 will support the low byte of that bank and CASL1 will be unused. 23 O Write Enable. Active low signal for writing the data into the DRAM bank. 1, 12 I/O WE DPH, DPL Function DRAM Data Parity. DRAM data parity may be enabled or disabled; if disabled these two pins will be unused. Otherwise, for DRAM writes the NS486SXF’s DRAM Controller will generate odd parity and drive the odd parity onto these two pins. For DRAM reads the NS486SXF’s DRAM Controller will read the values driven on these two pins and check it for odd parity in association with the appropriate data byte. 11 http://www.national.com 2.0 Pin Description Tables (Continued) TABLE 2-4. Power Pins Pins Type VDD Symbol 7, 17, 27, 47, 63, 87, 101, 131, 147, 157 I a 5V power to core and I/O. Function VSS 4, 14, 24, 44, 61, 84, 98, 128, 144, 154 I Ground to core and I/O. TABLE 2-5. Reset Logic Pins Pins Type Function RESET Symbol 119 O RESET system output driver: This active high signal resets or initializes system peripheral logic during power up or during a low line voltage outage. RESET 120 O Inverse of RESET for peripherals requiring active low reset. PWGOOD 60 I PoWer GOOD. This active-high (Schmitt Trigger) input will cause a hardware reset to the NS486SXF whenever this input goes low. This pin will typically be driven by the power supply and PWGOOD will remain low until the power supply determines that stable and valid voltage levels have been achieved. TABLE 2-6. Auxiliary Processor Interface Pins Symbol Pins Type EREQ/CS6/RTS 102 O Function This pin has three programmable options controlled by the Modem Signal Control Register (refer to the UART section): 1. External bus REQuest (active-low) to an auxiliary processor. 2. Chip Select 6 (active-low) pin. 3. Request To Send. When low, this signal informs the MODEM or data set that the UART is ready to exchange data. The RTS output signal can be set to an active low by programming bit 2 (RTS) of the MODEM Control Register. A Master Reset operation sets this signal to its inactive (high) state. Loop mode operation holds this signal in its inactive state. EACK/CS7/DSR 103 I/O This pin has three possible programmable options controlled by the Modem Signal Control Register (refer to the UART section): I 1. External bus ACKnowledge (active-low) from an auxiliary processor. O 2. Chip Select 7 (active-low) pin. I 3. Data Set Ready. When low, it indicates that the MODEM or data set is ready to link with the UART. The DSR signal is a MODEM status input whose condition can be tested by the CPU reading bit 5 (DSR) of the MODEM Status Register. Bit 5 is the complement of the DSR signal. Bit 1 (DDSR) of the MODEM Status Register indicates whether the DSR input has changed state since the previous reading of the MODEM Status Register. Note: Whenever the DSR bit of the MODEM Status Register changes state, an interrupt is generated if the MODEM Status Interrupt is enabled. DRV/CS8/DTR 104 O This pin has three possible programmable options controlled by the Modem Signal Control Register (refer to the UART section): 1. DSP shared memory DRiVe control signal. 2. Chip Select 8 (active-low) pin. 3. Data Terminal Ready. When low, this signal informs the MODEM or data set that the UART is ready to establish a communications link. The DTR output signal can be set to an active low by programming bit 0 (DTR) of the MODEM Control Register to a high level. A Master Reset operation sets this signal to its inactive (high) state. Loop mode operation holds this signal in its inactive state. http://www.national.com 12 2.0 Pin Description Tables (Continued) TABLE 2-7. Test Pins Symbol TEST Pins Type 66 I/O Function Reserved for testing and development system support. TABLE 2-8. Interrupt Control Pins Symbol Pins Type NMI 105 I Non-Maskable Interrupt. This active-high signal will generate a non-maskable interrupt to the CPU when it is active high. Normally this signal is used to indicate a serious system error. INTA 106 O INTerrupt Acknowledge. During each interrupt acknowledge cycle this signal will strobe low; it should be used by external cascaded interrupt controllers. 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 I Interrupt ReQuests. These inputs are either rising edge or low-level sensitive interrupt requests, depending on the configuration of the internal interrupt controllers. These interrupt requests may also be programmed to support externally cascaded interrupt controller(s). The IRQ pins are also used to select a particular test in test mode. If the PCMCIA controller is enabled, IRQ[5] becomes the IREQ signal. IRQ[5:0] Function TABLE 2-9. Real Time Clock Pins Symbol Pins Type RTCX1 62 I Real Time Clock crystal oscillator input: 32 kHz crystal. Function RTCX2 64 O Real Time Clock crystal oscillator output: 32 kHz crystal. Vbat 65 I External a battery input for real time clock. TABLE 2-10. LCD Interface Pins Symbol Pins Type LCD[3:0] 51, 52, 53, 54 O Data Output Word to LCD, 1 e White, 0 e Blue/black. Function CL2 50 O Word CLock to LCD. CL1 49 O Row CLock to LCD. CLF 48 O Frame CLock to LCD. TABLE 2-11. Oscillator Pins Symbol Pins Type Function SYSCLK 121 O SYStem CLocK. This clock output pin will either be driven with a signal half the frequency of the OSCX1 input clock frequency or the CPU’s clock frequency, which is determined in the Power Management Control Register 1. The source selection for this signal is determined by bit 1 of the Power Management Control Register 3. OSCX1 45 I OSCillator Crystal 1 input. This pin should either be driven by a TTL oscillator or be connected to an external crystal circuit. This signal is the fundamental clock source for all clocked elements in the NS486SXF, except the Real-Time Clock, which has its own crystal pins. OSCX2 46 O OSCillator Crystal 2 output. This is the output side of the NS486SXF on-chip circuitry provided to support an external crystal circuit. If a TTL oscillator drives OSCX1, this pin should be a no connect. 13 http://www.national.com 2.0 Pin Description Tables (Continued) TABLE 2-12. HP-SIR/UART Pins Pins Type Tx Symbol 57 O UART Transmit data. In HP-SIR mode this pin is the UART output encoded for the serial infrared link. Otherwise it is the transmit output of the 16550 UART. Function Rx 58 I UART Receive data. In HP-SIR mode this pin is routed through the serial infrared decoder. Otherwise, it is the receive input to the 16550. UCLK 59 O Uart CLocK. Output of programmable rate UART/MODEM clock. Typically used for the Infrared Modulator. TABLE 2-13. PCMCIA Pins Symbol Pins Type CDÐRST 68 O CarD ReSeT. This active high signal resets the PCMCIA card during a soft-reset. IOIS16/WP 67 I IO port IS 16 bits/Write Protect: When a PCMCIA card is configured as an IO card, this signal is asserted to indicate the currently addressed IO port is 16 bits wide. When a PCMCIA card is configured as a memory card, an active high signal indicates the card is currently write protected. BVD2/SPKR 74 I Battery Voltage Detect bit 2/ SPeaKeR output. When a PCMCIA card is configured as a memory card, this input along with BVD[1] will provide status information about the card’s onboard battery condition. When a PCMCIA card is configured as an IO card, this pin will act as the audio output of the card to the system. BVD1/STSCNG 73 I Battery Voltage Detect bit 1/ STatuS ChaNGe output. When a PCMCIA card is configured as a memory card, this input along with BVD[2] will provide status information about the card’s onboard battery state. When a PCMCIA card is configured as an I/O card, the status change signal indicates one or more of the memory status signals (BVD[2:1], WP, RDY or BSY) has changed states. VCCÐSEL 69 O PCMCIA VCC SELect. When this signal is low, the VCC power to the PCMCIA card should be enabled. 70, 71 O PCMCIA VPP SELect 1 and 2. These signals indicate the voltage with which the VPP power to the PCMCIA card should be driven. 72 I General Purpose Input. This signal is a general purpose input signal used with a PCMCIA card to indicate a valid VPP state, a pending card eject/insertion, or as an interrupt source. VPPÐSEL1, VPPÐSEL2 GPI CD2, CD1 Function 76, 75 I Card Detect. Both signals are low when the PCMCIA card is correctly inserted. DIR 77 O DIRection. Used to control the direction of the data line buffers to the PCMCIA interface. ENABLE 78 O ENABLE PCMCIA. Enables the buffer drivers to the PCMCIA interface. Low true signal. REG 79 O REG. PCMCIA card support. Note: If PCMCIA is enabled, Chip Selects 1 and 2 become Card Enable 1 and 2. See Table 2-17, ‘‘General Purpose Chip Select Pins’’. Also, IRQ[5] becomes the PCMCIA IREQ signal. http://www.national.com 14 2.0 Pin Description Tables (Continued) TABLE 2-14. IEEE-1284 Port (ECP Mode) Symbol Pins Type PD[7:0] 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90 O/I Parallel Data. Bi-directional data pins transfer data and address information to and from the parallel port. Function SLIN 91 O/I SeLect INput: Used in a closed-loop handshake with BUSY to transfer data or address information from the host to the peripheral. Host driven. STB 92 O/I data STroBe. Driven high by the host while in ECP Mode. Asserted low by host to terminate ECP Mode and return link to Compatibility Mode. Host driven. AFD 93 O/I Automatic FeeD. The host asserts this line low for flow control in the reverse direction. It is used in a interlocked handshake with ACK. Provides command information in the forward direction. Host driven. Active low. INIT 94 O/I INITialize.When this signal is asserted low to place the data channel in the reverse direction, the peripheral is allowed to drive the data bus. Host driven. Active low. ACK 95 I/O ACKnowledge. Used in closed-loop handshake with AFD to transfer data to the host. Peripheral device drive. Active low. PE 96 I/O Peripheral Error. Asserted low to acknowledge INIT, reverse request. Peripheral device drive. SLCT 97 I/O SeLeCT. Asserted high when selected or indicating an affirmative response for each respective extensibility byte. Peripheral device drive. Active high. ERR 99 I/O ERROR. This input is asserted low by the peripheral to request host communications. Valid only in the forward direction. Peripheral device drive. Active low. BUSY 100 I/O BUSY. This is asserted low by the peripheral for flow control in the forward direction, de-asserted to acknowledge transfer of data or address completion. Peripheral device drive. Active low. TABLE 2-15. Timer Pins Symbol T0 Pins Type 55 I/O Function Programmable Timer pin 0. This Bidirectional pin may be selected to control one of the following four functions via bits 1-0 of the Timer I/O Control Register: 1. The GATE input into Timer 0. 2. The GATE input into Timer 1. 3. The OUT output from Timer 0. 4. The CLK input into Timer 1. T1 56 I/O Programmable Timer pin 1. This Bidirectional pin may be selected to control one of the following four functions via bits 3-2 of the Timer I/O Control Register: 1. The GATE input into Timer 0. 2. The GATE input into Timer 1. 3. The OUT output from Timer 1. 4. The CLK input into Timer 0. 15 http://www.national.com 2.0 Pin Description Tables (Continued) TABLE 2-16. 3-Wire Serial I/O Pins Symbol Pins Type SO/DCD 41 I/O Function This pin has two possible programmable options controlled by the Modem Signal Control Register (refer to the UART section): 1. The Serial data Output signal for MICROWIRE. 2. Data Carrier Detect. When low, this input signal indicates that the data carrier has been detected by the MODEM or data set. The DCD signal is a MODEM status input whose condition can be tested by the CPU reading bit 7 (DCD) of the MODEM Status Register. Bit 7 is the complement of the DCD signal. Bit 3 (DDCD) of the MODEM Status Register indicates whether the DCD input has changed state since the previous reading of the MODEM Status Register. DCD has no effect on the receiver. Note: Whenever the DCD bit of the MODEM Status Register changes state, an interrupt is generated if the MODEM Status Interrupt is enabled. SI/CTS 42 I/O This pin has two possible programmable options controlled by the Modem Signal Control Register (refer to the UART section): 1. The Serial data Input signal for MICROWIRE or the serial data I/O for Access.bus. 2. Clear To Send. When low, this input signal indicates that the MODEM or data set is ready to exchange data. The CTS signal is a MODEM status input whose conditions can be tested by the CPU reading bit 4 (CTS) of the MODEM Status Register. Bit 4 is the complement of the CTS signal. Bit 0 (DCTS) of the MODEM Status Register indicates whether the CTS input has changed state since the previous reading of the MODEM Status Register. CTS has no effect on the Transmitter. Note: Whenever the CTS bit of the MODEM Status Register changes state, an interrupt is generated if the MODEM Status Interrupt is enabled. SCLK/RI 43 I/O This pin has two possible programmable options controlled by the Modem Signal Control Register (refer to the UART section): O 1. The Serial CLocK signal for MICROWIRE and Access.bus. I 2. Ring Indicator. When low, this input signal indicates that a telephone ringing signal has been received by the MODEM or data set. The RI signal is a MODEM status input whose condition can be tested by the CPU reading bit 6 (RI) of the MODEM Status Register. Bit 6 is the complement of the RI signal. Bit 2 (TERI) of the MODEM Status Register indicates whether the RI input signal has changed from a low to high state since the previous reading of the MODEM Status Register. Note: Whenever the CTS bit of the MODEM Status Register changes state, an interrupt is generated if the MODEM Status Interrupt is enabled. Note: Whenever the RI bit of the MODEM Status Register changes from a high to a low state, an interrupt is generated if the MODEM Status Interrupt is enabled. Note: For MICROWIRE Slave Mode, a pin must be selected to be the Chip Select Input. http://www.national.com 16 2.0 Pin Description Tables (Continued) TABLE 2-17. General Purpose Chip Select Pins Symbol Pins Type CS[0] 118 O 113, 114, 115, 116, 117 I/O CS[5:1] Function Chip Select 0: This output is used as the chip-select for the system boot ROM. It defaults to the upper 64 kbytes of memory. Chip Select 1-5. These pins can be programmed to be either memory or I/O mapped chip selects, which are used for glue-less connection to external peripherals. When the PCMCIA Controller is enabled CS[1] and CS[2] become PCMCIA Card Enable outputs 1 and 2 (CE1 and CE2, respectively). TABLE 2-18. Summary of Reconfigurable I/O Pins Symbol Pins Type Pin Ý Original Function Power Up State REG 1 I/O 79 PCMCIA TRI-STATE ENABLE 1 I/O 78 PCMCIA 1 DIR 1 I/O 77 PCMCIA 0 GPI 1 I/O 72 PCMCIA TRI-STATE VPPÐSEL2 1 I/O 71 PCMCIA 0 VPPÐSEL1 1 I/O 70 PCMCIA 0 VCCÐSEL 1 I/O 69 PCMCIA 1 CDÐRST 1 I/O 68 PCMCIA TRI-STATE CLF 1 I/O 48 LCD 0 CL2 1 I/O 50 LCD 0 CL1 1 I/O 49 LCD 0 LCD [3:0] 4 I/O 51, 52, 53, 54 LCD 0, 0, 0, 0 PD [7:0] 8 I/O 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90 ECP TRI-STATE Rx 1 I/O 58 UART TRI-STATE UCLK 1 I/O 59 UART Oscillating CS [4] 1 I/O 114 CS4 1 CS [3] 1 I/O 115 CS3 1 CS [2] 1 I/O 116 CS2 1 CS [1] 1 I/O 117 CS1 1 These 29 pins, typically used for various I/O peripheral purposes, as defined in the above tables, can be reconfigured for use as general purpose I/O pins if the normally defined I/O function is not required. 17 http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications 3.1 DC ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS 5V g 5% 3.1.1 Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter VDD Supply Voltage TA Operating Temperature ESD Tolerance Condition Min Typ Max Units 4.75 5.0 5.25 V a 70 §C 0 CZAP e 100 pF RZAP e 1.5 kX 2000 V (Note 1) 3.1.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 2 and 3) Symbol Parameter Condition Min Max Units VDD, VDDA Supply Voltage b 0.5 7.0 V VI Input Voltage b 0.5 VDD a 0.5 V VO Output Voltage b 0.5 VDD a 0.5 V TSTG Storage Temperature b 65 a 165 §C TL Lead Temperature Soldering (10 sec.) a 260 §C 3.1.3 Capacitance: TA e 25§ C, f e 1 MHz Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units CIN Input Pin Capacitance 5 7 pF CIN1 Clock Input Capacitance 8 10 pF CIO I/O Pin Capacitance 10 12 pF CO Output Pin Capacitance 6 8 pF http://www.national.com 18 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.1.4 DC Characteristics (Under Recommended Operating Conditions) Max Units VIH Symbol Input High Voltage Parameter Condition Min 2.0 Typ VDD V VIL Input Low Voltage b 0.5 0.8 V ICC VDD Average Supply Current VIL e 0.5V VIH e 2.4V No Load mA Note 1: Value based on test complying with NSC SOP5-028 human body model ESD testing using the ETS-910 tester. Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Note 3: Unless otherwise specified all voltages are referenced to ground. 3.1.4.1 EXTERNAL BUS Symbol VOH VOL Parameter Condition Output High Voltage IOH e b6 mA (Nch Quiet-drive) or IOH e b24 mA (High-drive) on: SA12–1, DP1 – 0, SD15 – 0 IOH e b12 mA on: SA0, SA25 – 13 [SA0 b min. 10 kX pullup] Output Low Voltage Min Max Units 2.4 Notes Max Load on SA12 – 1 is 100 pF, and SD0 – 15 is 50 pF V IOL e 20 mA on: SA12– 1, DP1 –0, SD15 –0 IOL e 12 mA on: SA0, SA25 – 13, BHE 0.4 V Max Units 3.1.4.2 DMA CONTROL UNIT Symbol VOH VOL Parameter Condition Min Output High Voltage IOH e b6 mA on: TC/EOP IOH e b4 mA on: DACK4, DACK3, DACK2, DACK0 2.4 Output Low Voltage Notes V IOL e 6 mA on: TC/EOP IOL e 4 mA on: DACK4, DACK3, DACK2, DACK0 0.4 V 3.1.4.3 DRAM CONTROL UNIT Symbol VOH Parameter Condition Min Output High Voltage IOH e b6 mA(Nch Quiet-drive) or IOH e b24 mA (High-drive) on: 2.4 RAS0–1, CASH0 – 1, CASL0 – 1, WE VOL Output Low Voltage IOL e 20 mA on: RAS1–0, CASH1 – 0, CASL1 – 0, WE 19 Max 0.4 Units Notes V Max load on RAS1 – 0, CASH1 –0, and CASL1 –0 is 63 pF V Max load on WE is 100 pF http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.1.4.4 AUXILIARY PROCESSOR INTERFACE Parameter Condition Min VOH Symbol Output High Voltage IOH e b6 mA on: EACK IOH e b4 mA on: DRV, EREQ 2.4 VOL Output Low Voltage IOL e 6 mA on: EACK IOL e 4 mA on: DRV, EREQ Max Unit Notes V 0.4 V 3.1.4.5 HP-SIR/UART Parameter Condition Min VOH Symbol Output High Voltage IOH e b100 mA IOH e b6 mA on: Tx, UCLK, Rx VCC b 0.2 2.4 VOL Output Low Voltage IOL e 100 mA IOL e 6 mA on: Tx, UCLK, Rx Max Unit Notes V V 0.2 0.4 V V 3.1.4.6 EXTERNAL BUS CONTROL Symbol VOH VOL Parameter Output High Voltage Output Low Voltage Condition Min IOH e b12 mA on: IOR, IOW, MEMR, MEMW, RESET, RESET, CS16, BHE [CS16 - min. 10 kX pullup] Max 2.4 IOL e 12mA on: IOR, IOW, MEMR, MEMW, RESET, RESET, CS16, BHE Unit Notes V 0.4 V 3.1.4.7 OSCILLATOR (CPUX1/CLK) Condition Min VOH Symbol Output High Voltage Parameter IOH e b12 mA on: SYSCLK 2.4 VOL Output Low Voltage IOL e 12 mA on: SYSCLK VIH OSCX1 Input High Voltage VIL OSCX2 Input Low Voltage Max Unit Notes V 0.4 V OSCX2 is the output 2.4 0.4 V 3.1.4.8 LCD INTERFACE Symbol VOH Parameter Output High Voltage Condition Min IOH e b2.6 mA on: LCD[3:0], CL1, CL2, CLF VOH Output High Voltage IOH e b6 mA on: LCD[3:0], CL1, CL2, CLF VOL Output Low Voltage IOL e 6 mA on: LCD[3:0], CL1, CL2, CLF http://www.national.com 20 Max Unit Notes VCC b 0.8 V CMOS Level 2.4 V TTl Level 0.4 V 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.1.4.9 REAL TIME CLOCK (RTCX1/CLK) Symbol Parameter VIH RTCX1 Input High Voltage VIL RTCX1 Input Low Voltage VBAT Battery Voltage IBAT Battery Current Condition Min Max Unit Notes 2.0 RTCX2 is the output 0.4 V 2.4 V VBAT e 3.0 V 3 Lithium Battery mA 3.1.4.10 PCMCIA (RIO8-15) Symbol VOH Parameter Output High Voltage Condition Min VCCÐSEL, VPPÐSEL1, VPPÐSEL2 IOH e b6 mA on: DIR, ENABLE, REG, CDÐRST, BUSYÐLED, GPI, RSV (RSV is a reserved usage pin) VOL Output Low Voltage Max Unit IOH e b12 mA on: 2.4 IOL e 12 mA on: VCCÐSEL, VPPÐSEL, VPPÐSEL2 IOL e 6 mA on: DIR, ENABLE, REG, CDÐRST, BUSYÐLED, GPI, RSV (RSV is a reserved usage pin) V 0.4 Notes Power Switch 1 Card at a 50 pF Load V 3.1.4.11 IEEE-1284 PORT (ECP MODE) AND (RIO16-31) Symbol ICH ICL Parameter Condition Min High-Level Output Current (Note 4) VOH e 2.4V on: PD[7:0], SLIN, STB, AFD, PE, INIT, ACK, SLCT ERR, BUSY Max Unit 14 mA Low-Level Output Current VOL e 0.4V on: PD[7:0], SLIN, STB, AFD, PE, INIT, ACK, SLCT ERR, BUSY 14 mA Notes Note 4: When ECP mode 0, or ECP mode 2 and bit 1 of PCR is 0 for the parallel port, are selected, pins AFD, INIT, SLIN, and STB are open drain supports. 4.7 kX resistors should be used. The ECP I/Os have over-voltage protection against being backdriven by higher external voltages when the I/Os are at TRI-STATE. The I/Os also isolate the NS486SXF power-rail from external voltages when the chip is powered down. The maximum power-down leakage is 1 mA to ground. 3.1.4.12 TIMER Parameter Condition Min VOH Symbol Output High Voltage IOH e b6 mA on: T0, T1 2.4 VOL Output Low Voltage IOL e 6 mA on: T0, T1 21 Max Unit Notes V 0.4 V http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.1.4.13 GENERAL PURPOSE CHIP SELECTS Parameter Condition Min VOH Symbol Output High Voltage IOH e b6 mA on: CS5 – 0 2.4 VOL Output Low Voltage IOL e 6 mA on: CS5 – 0 Max Unit Notes V 0.4 V Max Unit 3.1.4.14 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER Parameter Condition Min VOH Symbol Output High Voltage IOH e b12 mA on: INTA 2.4 VOL Output Low Voltage IOL e 12 mA on: INTA Notes V 0.4 V 3.1.4.15 3-WIRE I/O (AND ACCESS.BUS) Symbol Parameter Condition Min VOH Output High Voltage IOH e b12 mA on: SO, SI, SCLK 2.4 VOL Output Low Voltage IOL e 12 mA on: SO, SI, SCLK http://www.national.com 22 Max Unit V 0.4 V Notes 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) Test Circuit for Output Tests 3.2 GENERAL AC SPECIFICATIONS AC TEST CONDITIONS Note 1: S1 e VCC for tPZL, and tPLZ measurements S1 e GND for tPZL, and tPHZ measurements S1 e Open for push-pull outputs Note 2: RL e 1.1k Note 3: CL includes scope and jig capacitance TL/H/12514 – 5 Propagation Delay Waveforms Setup and Hold Time Waveforms TL/H/12514 – 6 TL/H/12514 – 7 Note: Waveform for negative edge sensitive circuits will be invert. Input Pulse Width Waveforms Except for Clock Pins TRI-STATE Output Enable and Disable Waveforms TL/H/12514 – 8 TL/H/12514 – 9 FIGURE 3-1. Switching Characteristic Measurement Waveforms 23 http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) LCD Output Specification Standard Hysteresis Input Specification Standard TL/H/12514 – 11 VHYS e 200 mV Switching thresholds not specified TL/H/12514–10 FIGURE 3-2. More Switching Specifications 3.2.1 Power Ramp Times TL/H/12514 – 12 FIGURE 3-3. Power Supply Rise and Fall TABLE 3-1. VDD Rise and Fall Times Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit tPF VDD Falling Time from 4.5V to 0V 5 ms tPR VDD Rising Time from 0V to 4.5V 5 ms Note: The rising/falling rate is assumed linear. 3.2.2 PWRGOOD and Power Rampdown Timing TABLE 3-2. VDD Rampdown vs PWRGOOD Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit tVPG VDD (4.5V) to PWGOOD High 1 ms tPGV PWGOOD Falling to VDD (4.5V) 1 ms TL/H/12514 – 13 Note: The rising/falling rate is assumed linear. FIGURE 3-4. PWGOOD in Relation to VDD http://www.national.com 24 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) How to calculate the actual specification at a given frequency: 3.3 AC SWITCHING SPECIFICATIONS The following pages list some of the preliminary AC Specifications for the NS486SXF. All parameters are listed in alphabetical order according to their Symbol. The Tables consist of the following: Parameter Ð A short description of the specification being documented. Symbol Ð A quick reference between the timing diagram and the Table entries. Formula Ð An equation, which in addition to the Minimum and Maximum Specifications can be used to determine the actual timing provided at any operating frequency. Min. Ð Minimum Specification when added to the value produced by the formula. Max. Ð Maximum Specification when added to the value produced by the formula. In the formula column, one will see many formulae, which contain the variable T. The T represents one period (or one T-state) of the CPU Clock. So if the CPU is running at 25 MHz, T is equivalent to 40 ns; similarly if the CPU is running at 20 MHz, T is equivalent to 50 ns. EXAMPLE: Calculate the minimum guaranteed Column Address Setup Time At 25 MHz: Formula a Min. Spec. e e (0.5T) a (b20 ns) 0.5 (40 ns) a (b20 ns) e e 0 ns 20 ns b 20 ns At 20 MHz: Formula a Min. Spec. e e (0.5T) a (b20 ns) 0.5 (50 ns) a (b20 ns) e e 5 ns 25 ns b 20 ns As the frequency varies, so will many of the specifications. One should always calculate the specification based on the CPU’s operating frequency. 25 http://www.national.com http://www.national.com 26 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.3.1 DRAM Interface Timing Specification TL/H/12514 – 14 **The CLK signal is only included as a reference; no specifications are guaranteed to this signal. FIGURE 3-5. DRAM Timing Diagram TABLE 3-3. 4-Cycle Page Miss Preliminary Specifications Formula Min tASC Symbol Column Address Setup Time Parameter 0.5T a b 20 tASR Row Address Setup Time 0.5T a b 20 tCAC Access Time from CAS 0.5T a tCAH Column Address Hold Time 0.5T a tCAS CAS Pulse Width 0.5T a 0 tCP Page Mode CAS Precharge 0.5T a b 10 tDH Write Data Hold Time 0.5T a b5 tDS Write Data Setup Time 0.5T a b 20 tOFF Read Data Valid Hold Time tRAS RAS Pulse Width 2.5T a b 15 tRAH Row Address Hold Time 0.5T a b 10 tRCD RAS to CAS Delay Time 1.5T a b 20 tRCH Read Command Hold Time tRCS Read Command Setup Time 0.5T a b 20 tRP RAS Precharge Time 1.5T a b 10 tWCH Write Command Hold TIme 0.5T a b5 tWCS Write Command Setup Time 0.5T a b 20 Max b5 b5 10 0 Programmable 0 27 http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) TABLE 3-4. 3 Cycle Miss Preliminary Specifications Parameter Formula Min tASC Symbol Column Address Setup Time 0.5T a b 20 tASR Row Address Setup Time 0.5T a b 20 tCAC Access Time From CAS 0.5T a tCAH Column Address Hold Time 0.5T a tCAS CAS Pulse Width 0.5T a 0 tCP Page Mode CAS Precharge 0.5T a b 10 tDH Write Data Hold Time 0.5T a b5 tDS Write Data Setup Time 0.5T a b 20 tOFF Read Data Valid Hold Time b 15 Max b5 b5 10 0 tRAS RAS Pulse Width 2.0T a tRAH Row Address Hold Time 0.5T a b 10 tRCD RAS to CAS Delay Time 1.0T a b 20 tRCH Read Command Hold Time tRCS Read Command Setup Time 0.5T a b 20 tRP RAS Precharge Time 1.0T a 0 tWCH Write Command Hold TIme 0.5T a b5 tWCS Write Command Setup Time 0.5T a b 20 PROG 0 3.3.2 ISA-like Bus Cycles Timing Specification TL/H/12514 – 15 **The CLK signal is only included as a reference; no specifications are guaranteed to this signal. FIGURE 3-6. ISA-like Bus Timing Diagram http://www.national.com 28 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) TABLE 3-5. No Command Delay ISA-like Bus Specifications Formula Min tAHCD Symbol Address Hold Time from CMD Parameter 1.0T a b 20 tASCD Address Setup TIme to CMD 1.0T a b 20 tCDPW Command Pulse Width 1.0T a (Wait)T a b 10 tCHCD Chip Select Hold Time from CMD 1.0T a b 25 tCSCD Chip Select Setup Time to CMD 1.0T a b 40 tDOFF Read Data TRI-STATE 1.0T a tRCAT Read CMD Data Access TIme tRCDH Read CMD Data Hold TIme tWCDH Write CMD Data Hold Time tWCVD Write CMD to Valid Data tWCS Write Command Setup Time Max b25 1.0T a (Wait)T a b 30 0 1.0T a b 25 0.5T a b 20 5 Note: The value of (Wait) in the above formulae, is the number of programmed wait states associated with that access cycle (default value is 7, but may be programmed to 0–7). TABLE 3-6. One Programmed Command Delay ISA-like Bus Specifications Symbol Parameter tAHCD Address Hold Time from CMD tASCD Address Setup TIme to CMD Formula Min 1.0T a b 20 2.0T a b 20 1.0T a (Wait)T a b 10 Max tCDPW Command Pulse Width tCHCD Chip Select Hold Time from CMD 1.0T a b 25 tCSCD Chip Select Setup Time to CMD 2.0T a b 40 tDOFF Read Data TRI-STATE 1.0T a b25 1.0T a (Wait)T a b 30 tRCAT Read CMD Data Access TIme tRCDH Read CMD Data Hold TIme tWCDH Write CMD Data Hold Time 1.0T a tWCVD Write Valid Data to CMD (Note 2) 1.0T a b5 Write Command Setup Time 0.5T a b 20 tWCS 0 b 25 Note 1: The value of (Wait) in the above formulae, is the number of programmed wait states associated with that access cycle (default value is 7, but may be programmed to 0–7). Note 2: For this case Valid Write Data Sets-up to the leading edge of the Command Strobe. 29 http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.3.3 Ready Feedback Timing Specifications TL/H/12514 – 16 FIGURE 3-7. Ready Feedback Timing Diagram TABLE 3-7. Ready Signal Timing Specifications Symbol Parameter tRACD RDY Active to CMD Rising tRDYH RDY Hold Time from CMD tRDYI CMD to RDY Inactive Feedback Formula Min (EÐRDY)T a 0 Max 0 1.0T a (Wait)T a b30 Note: The value of (Wait) in the above formulae, is the number of programmed wait states associated with that access cycle (default value is 7, but may be programmed to 0–7). The value of (EÐRDY) in the above formulae, is the number of programmed extended ready states associated with every access cycle (default number is 2, but may be programmed to 0–2). 3.3.4 OSCX1 AC Specification TL/H/12514 – 17 FIGURE 3-8. TTL Clock Input Timing Diagram TABLE 3-8. TTL Clock Input Specification Symbol tCTp Parameter CTTL Clock Period Min Max Unit 40 870 ns tCTh CTTL High Time (Note) (0.5 X tCTp) b 4 tCTl CTTL Low Time (Note) (0.5 X tCTp) b 4 tCTr CTTL Rise Time 4 ns tCTf CTTL Fall Time 4 ns Note: Except for the cycle in which the core frequency is changed. In this cycle, tCTh and tCTl relate to different tCTp cycles. http://www.national.com 30 ns ns 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.3.5 Peripheral Timing Specifications 3.3.5.1 DMA CONTROLLER TL/H/12514 – 18 FIGURE 3-9. DMA Controller Read Timing Diagram TL/H/12514 – 19 FIGURE 3-10. DMA Controller Write Timing Diagram TABLE 3-9. DMA Controller Specifications Parameter Min trdyl Symbol RDY Inactive Low Setup to CMD Active b 15 ns trdyh RDY Active High Setup to CMD Inactive Typ Max 2T a 15 ns teoprci 45 ns teopwci 2T a 5 ns tdrqlwci 2T a 36 ns tdrqlrci T a 40 ns tdckrca 2T a 2.2 ns 31 http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.3.5.2 PIC AC SPECS TL/H/12514 – 20 FIGURE 3-11. PIC Timing Diagram TABLE 3-10. PIC Timing Specifications Symbol Parameter Min tpicjljh Max 100 tpicahrl 0 tpicrlrh 235 tpicrhax 0 tpicrldv 200 tpicrhdz 10 tpicrhrl 100 http://www.national.com Typ 32 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.3.5.3 PARALLEL PORT TABLE 3-11. Parallel Port Compatibility Mode Handshake Timing Values Symbol Measured At Measured From Measured to Value (min/max) Compliance Tready Host Output Busy VIL Strobe VOH 0 min Tsetup(host) Host Output Data Stable Strobe VOH 750 ns min Compatible Hosts Compatible Hosts Tsetup (peripheral) Peripheral Input Data Stable Strobe VIH 500 ns max* Compatible Peripherals Tstrobe(host) Host Output Strobe VOL Strobe l VOL 750 ns min 500 ms max Compatible Hosts Tstrobe (peripheral) Peripheral Input Strobe VIL Strobe l VIL 500 ns max Compatible Peripherals Thold(host) Host Output Strobe VOH Data or AutoFd Change 750 ns min Compatible Hosts Thold (peripheral) Peripheral Input Strobe VIL Data or AutoFd Change 500 ns max Compatible Peripherals Tbusy Peripheral Output Strobe VIL Busy VOH 500 ns max Compliant Peripherals Treply Peripheral Output Strobe VIL Ack VOH 0 min Compatible Peripherals Tack Peripheral Output Ack VOL Ack VOL 500 ns min 10 ms max Compatible Peripherals Tnbusy Peripheral Output Ack VOH Busy VOH 0 min** Compliant Peripherals Tnext Host Output Ack VIL Strobe VOH 0 min Compliant Hosts Note 1: For more information on the history of Centronics Standard Parallel and PC-Compatible Parallel Interfaces, see annex Ca and in particular C.6.2 for Busyto-Ack timing variations. Note 2: VIL is the low-level voltage input VOL is the low-level voltage output VOH is the high-level voltage output VIH is the high-level voltage input *The maximum value stated for peripherals in this table are referenced to the peripheral. For example, the peripheral cannot require more than 500 ns data setup time. **Recognize that complementary signal changes may have overlapping signal transistions. The zero minimum value cannot be guaranteed. TABLE 3-12. Parallel Port IEEE 1284 Mode Handshake Timing Values Symbol Parameter Min Max TH Host Response Time 0 1.0s T% Infinite Response Time 0 Infinite TL Peripheral Response Time 0 35 ms TR Peripheral Response Time (ECP Mode Only) TS Host Recovery Time (ECP Mode Only) 35 ms TP Minimum Setup or Pulse Width 0.5 ms TD Minimum Data Setup Time (ECP/EPP Modes Only) 0 TES Short Response Time (EPP Mode Only) 0 TEL Long Response Time (EPP Mode Only) 0 10 ms TER Termination Pulse Width (EPP Mode Only) 50 ms Infinite 33 0 125 ms http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.3.5.4 PCMCIA CONTROLLER TL/EE/12514 – 21 FIGURE 3-12. Memory Read Timing TABLE 3-13. PCMCIA Memory Read Timing Specifications Symbol Parameter Condition Min tpcavgl 50 ns tpghax 20 ns Typ Max tpcglwtv 35 ns tpcavqv 250 ns tpcghqz 0 ns tpcglqv 125 ns TL/EE/12514 – 22 FIGURE 3-13. Memory Write Timing Diagram TABLE 3-14. Memory Write Timing Diagram Symbol Parameter Condition Min tpcavgl Typ Max 50 ns tpcax 20 ns 60 ns a (tsysclk) tpcwlwh # (number of waitstates) tpcdvwh 100 ns tpcwmdx 30 ns tpcwlwtv http://www.national.com 35 ns 34 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) TL/EE/12514 – 23 FIGURE 3-14. I/O Read Timing TABLE 3-15. PCMCIA I/O Read Specifications Symbol Parameter Condition Min tpcavigl 100 ns tpcighax 20 ns tpcigligh 180 ns Typ Max tpcavisl 35 ns tpcavish 35 ns tpciglwtl 35 ns tpciglqv 120 ns tpcighqx 0 ns tpcwthqv 35 ns 35 http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) TL/EE/12514 – 24 FIGURE 3-15. I/O Write Timing Diagram TABLE 3-16. PCMCIA I/O Write Specifications Symbol Parameter Condition Min tpcaviwl 100 ns tpciwhax 20 ns Typ Max tpcavisl 35 ns tpcavish 35 ns tpciwlwtl 35 ns tpcdviwl 80 ns tpcwthiwh 0 ns tpciwhdx 30 ns http://www.national.com 36 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.3.5.5 MICROWIRE (3-WIRE) & ACCESS.BUS TL/EE/12514 – 25 FIGURE 3-16. Access.bus Timing Diagram TABLE 3-17. Access.Bus Timing Specifications Symbol Parameter Formula Min fsclk SCLK Clock Frequency tbuf Bus Free Time between STOP and START Condition 4.7 ms tlow Low Period of the SCLK Clock 4.7 ms thigh High Period of the SCLK Clock 4.0 ms tdhold Data Hold Time tdset Data Setup Time tsu:sto Setup Time for STOP Condition 4.0 ms tsu:sta Hold Time for START Condition 4.7 ms Max 100 kHz 250 250 37 http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.3.5.6 FIFO UART Min Max D Symbol OSC Clock Divider Parameter Condition 1 63 Units CLKs D Baud Divisor 1 65535 CLKs tBHD Baud Output Positive Edge Delay 56 ns tBLD Baud Output Negative Edge Delay 56 ns TL/EE/12514 – 26 Symbol Parameter Min Max Units tIRTXW IRTX Pulse Width Condition 1.6 ms 3/16 BAUD OUT Cycles tIRRXW IRRX Pulse Width 1.6 ms 6/16 BAUD OUT Cycles TL/EE/12514 – 27 FIGURE 3-17. UART Baud Rate and Infrared Clocks http://www.national.com 38 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) Symbol Parameter Min Max Units 2 BAUDOUT Cycles tSINT Delay from Stop Bit to Set Interrupt tSTI Delay from Start Bit to IRQ 8 BAUDOUT Cycles tSI Delay from Initial Write to IRQ 16 24 BAUDOUT Cycles tIRS Delay from IRQ Reset to Tx Start 8 24 BAUDOUT Cycles tMDO Delay from Write to Output 40 ns tRIM Delay to Reset IRQA from Read 78 ns tSIM Delay to Set IRQ from Modem Input 40 ns BAUDOUT Cycle e Input Clock Frequency 16 x Baudrate Divisor Input Clock Frequency e OSCX1 Frequency UART Clock Divisor Registers: Divisor Latch Holds Baudrate Divisor EF70 holds UART Clock Divisor TL/EE/12514 – 28 TL/EE/12514 – 29 FIGURE 3-18. UART IRQ Timing 39 http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) TL/EE/12514 – 30 FIGURE 3-19. UART Modem Control Timing http://www.national.com 40 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.3.5.7 LCD CONTROLLER TL/EE/12514 – 31 FIGURE 3-20. LCD Controller Timing Diagram TABLE 3-18. LCD Controller Timing Specifications Symbol Parameter Condition Min tlcclf Frame Period Programmable tlccl2 Dot Clock Period Programmable tlcds LCD Data Situp, CL2 Fall (tlccl2)/2-50 ns tlcdh LCD Data Hold, CL2 Fall (tlccl2)/2-50 ns tlcdd LCD Data Delay, CL2 Rise (tlccl2)/2-50 ns tlcfp CL2 Falling to CL1 Rising (tlccl2)/2-50 ns tlcbp CL1 Falling to CL2 Rising (tlccl2)/2-50 ns tlcfs CLF Setup to CL1 Fall tlcfh CLF Hold from CL1 Fall (tlccl2)/2-20 ns tllsu CL1 Load Setup Time (tlccl2)/2-50 ns tllcl2 CL1 Falling to CL2 Falling (tlccl2)/2-50 ns tw Pulse Width (tlccl2)/2-50 ns Typ Max 14.3 ms Oscx1*6 50 ns tlccl2 41 http://www.national.com 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.3.5.8 SUPPORTED TESTMODES Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Units tAND AND Function Result Delay 1 ms tHILO HI/LO Function Drive Delay 1 ms tTRI TRI-STATE Outputs Delay 1 ms tTOG Toggle Function Delay 1 ms TL/EE/12514 – 32 FIGURE 3-21. Testmode Timing Diagram http://www.national.com 42 43 http://www.national.com NS486SXF Optimized 32-Bit 486-Class Controller with On-Chip Peripherals for Embedded Systems 3.0 Device Specifications (Continued) 3.4 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) The NS486SXF is provided in a 160-lead, 28mm x 28mm, PQFP package. 160-Lead Plastic Quad Flatpak JEDEC (VUL) NS Package Number VUL160A FIGURE 3-22. Plastic Package Specifications LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1(800) 272-9959 Fax: 1(800) 737-7018 Email: support @ nsc.com http://www.national.com 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor Europe Fax: a49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: europe.support @ nsc.com Deutsch Tel: a49 (0) 180-530 85 85 English Tel: a49 (0) 180-532 78 32 Fran3ais Tel: a49 (0) 180-532 93 58 Italiano Tel: a49 (0) 180-534 16 80 National Semiconductor Southeast Asia Fax: (852) 2376 3901 Email: sea.support @ nsc.com National Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Tel: 81-3-5620-7561 Fax: 81-3-5620-6179 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.