ETC C8051F320

C8051F320/1
Full Speed USB, 16k ISP FLASH MCU Family
ANALOG PERIPHERALS
- 10-Bit ADC
• Up to 200 ksps
• Up to 17 or 13 External Single-Ended or Differential
Instructions in 1 or 2 System Clocks
- Up to 25 MIPS Throughput with 25 MHz Clock
- Expanded Interrupt Handler
MEMORY
- 2304 Bytes Internal RAM (1k + 256 + 1k USB FIFO)
- 16k Bytes FLASH; In-system programmable in 512-byte
Inputs
VREF from External Pin, Internal Reference, or VDD
Built-in Temperature Sensor
External Conversion Start Input
- Two Comparators
- Internal Voltage Reference
- POR/Brown-Out Detector
USB FUNCTION CONTROLLER
- USB Specification 2.0 Compliant
- Full Speed (12 Mbps) or Low Speed (1.5 Mbps)
-
Sectors
DIGITAL PERIPHERALS
- 25/21 Port I/O; All 5 V tolerant with High Sink Current
- Hardware Enhanced SPI™, Enhanced UART, and
Operation
Integrated Clock Recovery; No External Crystal
Required for Full Speed or Low Speed
Supports Eight Flexible Endpoints
1k Byte USB Buffer Memory
Integrated Transceiver; No External Resistors Required
ON-CHIP DEBUG
- On-Chip Debug Circuitry Facilitates Full Speed,
-
ANALOG
PERIPHERALS
TEMP
SENSOR
VREF
+
-
+
-
VREG
PRECISION INTERNAL
OSCILLATOR
SMBus™ Serial Ports
Four General Purpose 16-Bit Counter/Timers
16-Bit Programmable Counter Array (PCA) with Five
Capture/Compare Modules
Real Time Clock Mode using External Clock Source and
PCA or Timer
CLOCK SOURCES
- Internal Oscillator: 0.25% Accuracy with Clock
-
VOLTAGE REGULATOR INPUT: 4.0V TO 5.25V
10-bit
200ksps
ADC
-
-
Non-Intrusive In-System Debug (No Emulator
Required!)
Provides Breakpoints, Single Stepping,
Inspect/Modify Memory and Registers
Superior Performance to Emulation Systems Using
ICE-Chips, Target Pods, and Sockets
A
M
U
X
-
Recovery enabled. Supports all USB and UART Modes
External Oscillator: Crystal, RC, C, or Clock (1 or 2 Pin
Modes)
Can Switch Between Clock Sources on-the-fly; Useful in
Power Saving Strategies
PACKAGES
- 32-pin LQFP (C8051F320)
- 28-pin MLP (C8051F321)
TEMPERATURE RANGE: -40°C TO +85°C
DIGITAL I/O
UART
SPI
SMBus
PCA
Timer 0
Timer 1
Timer 2
Timer 3
CROSSBAR
•
•
•
HIGH SPEED 8051 µC Core
- Pipelined Instruction Architecture; Executes 70% of
Port 0
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
USB Controller /
Transceiver
HIGH-SPEED CONTROLLER CORE
16KB
ISP FLASH
16
INTERRUPTS
Preliminary Rev. 1.1 12/03
8051 CPU
(25MIPS)
DEBUG
CIRCUITRY
2304 B
SRAM
POR
Copyright © 2003 by Silicon Laboratories
WDT
C8051F320/1-DS11
This information applies to a product under development. Its characteristics and specifications are subject to change without notice.
C8051F320/1
Notes
2
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW .........................................................................................................17
1.1. CIP-51™ Microcontroller Core ......................................................................................20
1.1.1. Fully 8051 Compatible ..........................................................................................20
1.1.2. Improved Throughput ............................................................................................20
1.1.3. Additional Features................................................................................................21
1.2. On-Chip Memory ............................................................................................................22
1.3. Universal Serial Bus Controller.......................................................................................23
1.4. Voltage Regulator............................................................................................................23
1.5. On-Chip Debug Circuitry ................................................................................................24
1.6. Programmable Digital I/O and Crossbar .........................................................................25
1.7. Serial Ports.......................................................................................................................25
1.8. Programmable Counter Array .........................................................................................26
1.9. 10-Bit Analog to Digital Converter.................................................................................27
1.10. Comparators ....................................................................................................................28
2. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ..................................................................................29
3. GLOBAL DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................30
4. PINOUT AND PACKAGE DEFINITIONS........................................................................31
5. 10-BIT ADC (ADC0) .............................................................................................................39
5.1. Analog Multiplexer .........................................................................................................40
5.2. Temperature Sensor.........................................................................................................41
5.3. Modes of Operation.........................................................................................................42
5.3.1. Starting a Conversion.............................................................................................42
5.3.2. Tracking Modes .....................................................................................................43
5.3.3. Settling Time Requirements ..................................................................................44
5.4. Programmable Window Detector ....................................................................................50
5.4.1. Window Detector In Single-Ended Mode .............................................................52
5.4.2. Window Detector In Differential Mode.................................................................53
6. VOLTAGE REFERENCE....................................................................................................55
7. COMPARATORS ................................................................................................................57
8. VOLTAGE REGULATOR (REG0) ....................................................................................67
8.1. Regulator Mode Selection ...............................................................................................68
8.2. VBUS Detection..............................................................................................................69
9. CIP-51 MICROCONTROLLER .........................................................................................73
9.1. Instruction Set..................................................................................................................75
9.1.1. Instruction and CPU Timing..................................................................................75
9.1.2. MOVX Instruction and Program Memory.............................................................75
9.2. Memory Organization .....................................................................................................79
9.2.1. Program Memory ...................................................................................................79
9.2.2. Data Memory .........................................................................................................80
9.2.3. General Purpose Registers .....................................................................................80
9.2.4. Bit Addressable Locations .....................................................................................80
9.2.5. Stack ...................................................................................................................80
9.2.6. Special Function Registers.....................................................................................81
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C8051F320/1
9.2.7. Register Descriptions .............................................................................................84
9.3. Interrupt Handler .............................................................................................................87
9.3.1. MCU Interrupt Sources and Vectors .....................................................................87
9.3.2. External Interrupts .................................................................................................88
9.3.3. Interrupt Priorities..................................................................................................88
9.3.4. Interrupt Latency....................................................................................................88
9.3.5. Interrupt Register Descriptions ..............................................................................90
9.4. Power Management Modes .............................................................................................96
9.4.1. Idle Mode ...............................................................................................................96
9.4.2. Stop Mode..............................................................................................................96
10. RESET SOURCES ..............................................................................................................99
10.1. Power-On Reset.............................................................................................................100
10.2. Power-Fail Reset / VDD Monitor..................................................................................101
10.3. External Reset................................................................................................................102
10.4. Missing Clock Detector Reset .......................................................................................102
10.5.Comparator0 Reset ........................................................................................................102
10.6. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset .........................................................................................102
10.7. FLASH Error Reset .......................................................................................................102
10.8. Software Reset...............................................................................................................103
10.9. USB Reset .....................................................................................................................103
11. FLASH MEMORY ............................................................................................................107
11.1. Programming The FLASH Memory .............................................................................107
11.1.1. FLASH Lock and Key Functions ........................................................................107
11.1.2. FLASH Erase Procedure......................................................................................107
11.1.3. FLASH Write Procedure .....................................................................................108
11.2. Non-volatile Data Storage .............................................................................................109
11.3. Security Options ............................................................................................................109
12. EXTERNAL RAM .............................................................................................................113
12.1. Accessing User XRAM .................................................................................................113
12.2. Accessing USB FIFO Space..........................................................................................114
13. OSCILLATORS...................................................................................................................117
13.1. Programmable Internal Oscillator .................................................................................117
13.1.1. Programming the Internal Oscillator on C8051F320/1 Devices .........................118
13.1.2. Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode .......................................................................118
13.2.External Oscillator Drive Circuit...................................................................................120
13.2.1. Clocking Timers Directly Through the External Oscillator ................................120
13.2.2. External Crystal Example ....................................................................................120
13.2.3. External RC Example ..........................................................................................121
13.2.4. External Capacitor Example ................................................................................121
13.3.4x Clock Multiplier .......................................................................................................123
13.4. System and USB Clock Selection .................................................................................124
13.4.1. System Clock Selection .......................................................................................124
13.4.2. USB Clock Selection ...........................................................................................124
14. PORT INPUT/OUTPUT ...................................................................................................127
14.1. Priority Crossbar Decoder .............................................................................................129
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14.2. Port I/O Initialization.....................................................................................................131
14.3.General Purpose Port I/O...............................................................................................134
15. UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS CONTROLLER (USB0) ....................................................143
15.1.Endpoint Addressing .....................................................................................................144
15.2. USB Transceiver ...........................................................................................................144
15.3. USB Register Access.....................................................................................................146
15.4.USB Clock Configuration .............................................................................................150
15.5. FIFO Management.........................................................................................................151
15.5.1. FIFO Split Mode ..................................................................................................151
15.5.2. FIFO Double Buffering .......................................................................................151
15.5.3. FIFO Access ........................................................................................................152
15.6. Function Addressing......................................................................................................153
15.7. Function Configuration and Control .............................................................................154
15.8. Interrupts .......................................................................................................................157
15.9.The Serial Interface Engine ...........................................................................................161
15.10.Endpoint0.....................................................................................................................161
15.10.1.Endpoint0 SETUP Transactions .........................................................................162
15.10.2.Endpoint0 IN Transactions .................................................................................162
15.10.3.Endpoint0 OUT Transactions .............................................................................163
15.11.Configuring Endpoints1-3 ...........................................................................................166
15.12.Controlling Endpoints1-3 IN .......................................................................................166
15.12.1.Endpoints1-3 IN Interrupt or Bulk Mode ...........................................................166
15.12.2.Endpoints1-3 IN Isochronous Mode...................................................................167
15.13.Controlling Endpoints1-3 OUT ...................................................................................170
15.13.1.Endpoints1-3 OUT Interrupt or Bulk Mode .......................................................170
15.13.2.Endpoints1-3 OUT Isochronous Mode...............................................................170
16. SMBUS..................................................................................................................................175
16.1. Supporting Documents ..................................................................................................176
16.2. SMBus Configuration....................................................................................................176
16.3. SMBus Operation ..........................................................................................................177
16.3.1. Arbitration............................................................................................................177
16.3.2. Clock Low Extension...........................................................................................178
16.3.3. SCL Low Timeout ...............................................................................................178
16.3.4. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout.......................................................................178
16.4. Using the SMBus...........................................................................................................179
16.4.1. SMBus Configuration Register............................................................................180
16.4.2. SMB0CN Control Register ..................................................................................183
16.4.3. Data Register........................................................................................................186
16.5. SMBus Transfer Modes.................................................................................................187
16.5.1. Master Transmitter Mode ....................................................................................187
16.5.2. Master Receiver Mode.........................................................................................188
16.5.3. Slave Receiver Mode ...........................................................................................189
16.5.4. Slave Transmitter Mode.......................................................................................190
16.6. SMBus Status Decoding................................................................................................191
17. UART0 ..................................................................................................................................193
Rev. 1.1
5
C8051F320/1
17.1. Enhanced Baud Rate Generation...................................................................................194
17.2. Operational Modes ........................................................................................................195
17.2.1. 8-Bit UART .........................................................................................................195
17.2.2. 9-Bit UART .........................................................................................................196
17.3. Multiprocessor Communications...................................................................................197
18. ENHANCED SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI0) .........................................203
18.1. Signal Descriptions........................................................................................................204
18.1.1. Master Out, Slave In (MOSI) ..............................................................................204
18.1.2. Master In, Slave Out (MISO) ..............................................................................204
18.1.3. Serial Clock (SCK) ..............................................................................................204
18.1.4. Slave Select (NSS)...............................................................................................204
18.2. SPI0 Master Mode Operation........................................................................................205
18.3. SPI0 Slave Mode Operation ..........................................................................................207
18.4. SPI0 Interrupt Sources...................................................................................................207
18.5. Serial Clock Timing ......................................................................................................208
18.6. SPI Special Function Registers .....................................................................................210
19. TIMERS ...............................................................................................................................217
19.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1......................................................................................................217
19.1.1. Mode 0: 13-bit Counter/Timer.............................................................................217
19.1.2. Mode 1: 16-bit Counter/Timer.............................................................................218
19.1.3. Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload .................................................219
19.1.4. Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counter/Timers (Timer 0 Only) ...........................................220
19.2. Timer 2 .......................................................................................................................225
19.2.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload ...........................................................................225
19.2.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload............................................................................226
19.2.3. USB Start-of-Frame Capture ...............................................................................227
19.3. Timer 3 .......................................................................................................................230
19.3.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload ...........................................................................230
19.3.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload............................................................................231
19.3.3. USB Start-of-Frame Capture ...............................................................................232
20. PROGRAMMABLE COUNTER ARRAY (PCA0) .........................................................235
20.1.PCA Counter/Timer.......................................................................................................236
20.2. Capture/Compare Modules............................................................................................237
20.2.1. Edge-triggered Capture Mode .............................................................................238
20.2.2. Software Timer (Compare) Mode........................................................................239
20.2.3. High Speed Output Mode ....................................................................................240
20.2.4. Frequency Output Mode ......................................................................................241
20.2.5. 8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode ....................................................................242
20.2.6. 16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode ..................................................................244
20.3. Watchdog Timer Mode..................................................................................................246
20.3.1. Watchdog Timer Operation .................................................................................246
20.3.2. Watchdog Timer Usage .......................................................................................247
20.4. Register Descriptions for PCA ......................................................................................248
21. C2 INTERFACE ..................................................................................................................253
21.1. C2 Interface Registers ...................................................................................................253
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21.2. C2 Pin Sharing...............................................................................................................255
Rev. 1.1
7
C8051F320/1
Notes
8
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................17
Table 1.1. Product Selection Guide ......................................................................................17
Figure 1.1. C8051F320 Block Diagram.................................................................................18
Figure 1.2. C8051F321 Block Diagram.................................................................................19
Figure 1.3. Comparison of Peak MCU Execution Speeds.....................................................20
Figure 1.4. On-Chip Clock and Reset....................................................................................21
Figure 1.5. On-Board Memory Map ......................................................................................22
Figure 1.6. USB Controller Block Diagram ..........................................................................23
Figure 1.7. Development/In-System Debug Diagram ...........................................................24
Figure 1.8. Digital Crossbar Diagram....................................................................................25
Figure 1.9. PCA Block Diagram............................................................................................26
Figure 1.10. PCA Block Diagram............................................................................................26
Figure 1.11. 10-Bit ADC Block Diagram................................................................................27
Figure 1.12. Comparator0 Block Diagram ..............................................................................28
2. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS .................................................................................29
Table 2.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings*..............................................................................29
3. GLOBAL DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS .....................................................30
Table 3.1. Global DC Electrical Characteristics...................................................................30
4. PINOUT AND PACKAGE DEFINITIONS .......................................................................31
Table 4.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F320/1 ..................................................................31
Figure 4.1. LQFP-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View)................................................................33
Figure 4.2. LQFP-32 Package Diagram.................................................................................34
Table 4.2. LQFP-32 Package Dimensions............................................................................34
Figure 4.3. MLP-28 Pinout Diagram (Top View) .................................................................35
Figure 4.4. MLP-28 Package Drawing ..................................................................................36
Table 4.3. MLP-28 Package Dimensions .............................................................................36
Figure 4.5. Typical MLP-28 Landing Diagram .....................................................................37
Figure 4.6. Typical MLP-28 Solder Mask .............................................................................38
5. 10-BIT ADC (ADC0) ............................................................................................................39
Figure 5.1. ADC0 Functional Block Diagram .......................................................................39
Figure 5.2. Typical Temperature Sensor Transfer Function..................................................41
Figure 5.3. 10-Bit ADC Track and Conversion Example Timing.........................................43
Figure 5.4. ADC0 Equivalent Input Circuits .........................................................................44
Figure 5.5. AMX0P: AMUX0 Positive Channel Select Register..........................................45
Figure 5.6. AMX0N: AMUX0 Negative Channel Select Register........................................46
Figure 5.7. ADC0CF: ADC0 Configuration Register ...........................................................47
Figure 5.8. ADC0H: ADC0 Data Word MSB Register.........................................................47
Figure 5.9. ADC0L: ADC0 Data Word LSB Register ..........................................................48
Figure 5.10. ADC0CN: ADC0 Control Register .....................................................................49
Figure 5.11. ADC0GTH: ADC0 Greater-Than Data High Byte Register...............................50
Figure 5.12. ADC0GTL: ADC0 Greater-Than Data Low Byte Register ................................50
Figure 5.13. ADC0LTH: ADC0 Less-Than Data High Byte Register ....................................51
Figure 5.14. ADC0LTL: ADC0 Less-Than Data Low Byte Register .....................................51
Rev. 1.1
9
C8051F320/1
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
Figure 5.15. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Single-Ended Data..............52
Figure 5.16. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Single-Ended Data ................52
Figure 5.17. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Differential Data.................53
Figure 5.18. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Differential Data ...................53
Table 5.1. ADC0 Electrical Characteristics..........................................................................54
VOLTAGE REFERENCE ...................................................................................................55
Figure 6.1. Voltage Reference Functional Block Diagram....................................................55
Figure 6.2. REF0CN: Reference Control Register ................................................................56
Table 6.1. Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics ......................................................56
COMPARATORS ...............................................................................................................57
Figure 7.1. Comparator0 Functional Block Diagram ............................................................57
Figure 7.2. Comparator1 Functional Block Diagram ............................................................58
Figure 7.3. Comparator Hysteresis Plot.................................................................................59
Figure 7.4. CPT0CN: Comparator0 Control Register ...........................................................60
Figure 7.5. CPT0MX: Comparator0 MUX Selection Register..............................................61
Figure 7.6. CPT0MD: Comparator0 Mode Selection Register..............................................62
Figure 7.7. CPT1CN: Comparator1 Control Register ...........................................................63
Figure 7.8. CPT1MX: Comparator1 MUX Selection Register..............................................64
Figure 7.9. CPT1MD: Comparator1 Mode Selection Register..............................................65
Table 7.1. Comparator Electrical Characteristics.................................................................66
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (REG0) ...................................................................................67
Table 8.1. Voltage Regulator Electrical Specifications........................................................69
Figure 8.1. REG0 Configuration: USB Bus-Powered ...........................................................70
Figure 8.2. REG0 Configuration: USB Self-Powered ...........................................................70
Figure 8.3. REG0 Configuration: USB Self-Powered, Regulator Disabled ..........................71
Figure 8.4. REG0 Configuration: No USB Connection ........................................................71
Figure 8.5. REG0CN: Voltage Regulator Control.................................................................72
CIP-51 MICROCONTROLLER ........................................................................................73
Figure 9.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram ........................................................................................73
Table 9.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary.........................................................................75
Figure 9.2. Memory Map .......................................................................................................79
Table 9.2. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map..................................................81
Table 9.3. Special Function Registers ..................................................................................81
Figure 9.3. DPL: Data Pointer Low Byte ..............................................................................84
Figure 9.4. DPH: Data Pointer High Byte .............................................................................84
Figure 9.5. SP: Stack Pointer .................................................................................................85
Figure 9.6. PSW: Program Status Word ................................................................................85
Figure 9.7. ACC: Accumulator..............................................................................................86
Figure 9.8. B: B Register .......................................................................................................86
Table 9.4. Interrupt Summary...............................................................................................89
Figure 9.9. IE: Interrupt Enable .............................................................................................90
Figure 9.10. IP: Interrupt Priority ............................................................................................91
Figure 9.11. EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1 .....................................................................92
Figure 9.12. EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1.....................................................................93
Figure 9.13. EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2 .....................................................................94
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 9.14. EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority 2.....................................................................94
Figure 9.15. IT01CF: INT0/INT1 Configuration Register ......................................................95
Figure 9.16. PCON: Power Control Register ..........................................................................97
10. RESET SOURCES .............................................................................................................99
Figure 10.1. Reset Sources ......................................................................................................99
Figure 10.2. Power-On and VDD Monitor Reset Timing .....................................................100
Figure 10.3. VDM0CN: VDD Monitor Control ....................................................................101
Figure 10.4. RSTSRC: Reset Source Register.......................................................................104
Table 10.1. Reset Electrical Characteristics .........................................................................105
11. FLASH MEMORY ...........................................................................................................107
Table 11.1. FLASH Electrical Characteristics .....................................................................108
Figure 11.1. FLASH Program Memory Map and Security Byte...........................................110
Figure 11.2. PSCTL: Program Store R/W Control ................................................................110
Figure 11.3. FLKEY: FLASH Lock and Key Register .........................................................111
Figure 11.4. FLSCL: FLASH Scale Register ........................................................................111
12. EXTERNAL RAM ............................................................................................................113
Figure 12.1. External Ram Memory Map..............................................................................113
Figure 12.2. XRAM Memory Map Expanded View .............................................................114
Figure 12.3. EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control .................................................115
13. OSCILLATORS ..................................................................................................................117
Figure 13.1. Oscillator Diagram ............................................................................................117
Figure 13.2. OSCICN: Internal Oscillator Control Register .................................................119
Figure 13.3. OSCICL: Internal Oscillator Calibration Register ............................................119
Figure 13.4. OSCXCN: External Oscillator Control Register...............................................122
Figure 13.5. CLKMUL: Clock Multiplier Control Register..................................................123
Table 13.1. Typical USB Full Speed Clock Settings ...........................................................124
Table 13.2. Typical USB Low Speed Clock Settings...........................................................124
Figure 13.6. CLKSEL: Clock Select Register .......................................................................125
Table 13.3. Internal Oscillator Electrical Characteristics.....................................................126
14. PORT INPUT/OUTPUT ..................................................................................................127
Figure 14.1. Port I/O Functional Block Diagram ..................................................................127
Figure 14.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram.............................................................................128
Figure 14.3. Crossbar Priority Decoder with No Pins Skipped .............................................129
Figure 14.4. Crossbar Priority Decoder with Crystal Pins Skipped ......................................130
Figure 14.5. XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar Register 0 .................................................................132
Figure 14.6. XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1 .................................................................133
Figure 14.7. P0: Port0 Register..............................................................................................135
Figure 14.8. P0MDIN: Port0 Input Mode Register ...............................................................135
Figure 14.9. P0MDOUT: Port0 Output Mode Register.........................................................136
Figure 14.10. P0SKIP: Port0 Skip Register...........................................................................136
Figure 14.11. P1: Port1 Register............................................................................................137
Figure 14.12. P1MDIN: Port1 Input Mode Register .............................................................137
Figure 14.13. P1MDOUT: Port1 Output Mode Register.......................................................138
Figure 14.14. P1SKIP: Port1 Skip Register...........................................................................138
Figure 14.15. P2: Port2 Register............................................................................................139
Rev. 1.1
11
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.16. P2MDIN: Port2 Input Mode Register .............................................................139
Figure 14.17. P2MDOUT: Port2 Output Mode Register.......................................................140
Figure 14.18. P2SKIP: Port2 Skip Register...........................................................................140
Figure 14.19. P3: Port3 Register............................................................................................141
Figure 14.20. P3MDIN: Port3 Input Mode Register .............................................................141
Figure 14.21. P3MDOUT: Port3 Output Mode Register.......................................................142
Table 14.1. Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics ..............................................................142
15. UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS CONTROLLER (USB0) ...................................................143
Figure 15.1. USB0 Block Diagram........................................................................................143
Table 15.1. Endpoint Addressing Scheme............................................................................144
Figure 15.2. USB0XCN: USB0 Transceiver Control............................................................145
Figure 15.3. USB0 Register Access Scheme .........................................................................146
Figure 15.4. USB0ADR: USB0 Indirect Address Register ...................................................147
Figure 15.5. USB0DAT: USB0 Data Register ......................................................................148
Figure 15.6. INDEX: USB0 Endpoint Index (USB Register) ...............................................148
Table 15.2. USB0 Controller Registers ................................................................................149
Figure 15.7. CLKREC: Clock Recovery Control (USB Register) ........................................150
Figure 15.8. USB FIFO Allocation........................................................................................151
Table 15.3. FIFO Configurations .........................................................................................152
Figure 15.9. FIFOn: USB0 Endpoint FIFO Access (USB Registers) ...................................152
Figure 15.10. FADDR: USB0 Function Address (USB Register) ........................................153
Figure 15.11. POWER: USB0 Power (USB Register) ..........................................................155
Figure 15.12. FRAMEL: USB0 Frame Number Low (USB Register) .................................156
Figure 15.13. FRAMEH: USB0 Frame Number High (USB Register) ................................156
Figure 15.14. IN1INT: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt (USB Register)...................................157
Figure 15.15. OUT1INT: USB0 Out Endpoint Interrupt (USB Register).............................158
Figure 15.16. CMINT: USB0 Common Interrupt (USB Register)........................................159
Figure 15.17. IN1IE: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt Enable (USB Register) .........................160
Figure 15.18. OUT1IE: USB0 Out Endpoint Interrupt Enable (USB Register)....................160
Figure 15.19. CMIE: USB0 Common Interrupt Enable (USB Register) ..............................161
Figure 15.20. E0CSR: USB0 Endpoint0 Control (USB Register) ........................................164
Figure 15.21. E0CNT: USB0 Endpoint 0 Data Count (USB Register) .................................165
Figure 15.22. EINCSRL: USB0 IN Endpoint Control High Byte (USB Register) ...............168
Figure 15.23. EINCSRH: USB0 IN Endpoint Control Low Byte (USB Register) ...............169
Figure 15.24. EOUTCSRL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control High Byte (USB Register) .......171
Figure 15.25. EOUTCSRH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control Low Byte (USB Register) .......172
Figure 15.26. EOUTCNTL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count Low (USB Register) ..................172
Figure 15.27. EOUTCNTH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count High (USB Register) .................172
Table 15.4. USB Transceiver Electrical Characteristics ......................................................173
16. SMBUS .................................................................................................................................175
Figure 16.1. SMBus Block Diagram .....................................................................................175
Figure 16.2. Typical SMBus Configuration ..........................................................................176
Figure 16.3. SMBus Transaction ...........................................................................................177
Table 16.1. SMBus Clock Source Selection.........................................................................180
Figure 16.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation.......................................................................181
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Table 16.2. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times .............................................................181
Figure 16.5. SMB0CF: SMBus Clock/Configuration Register .............................................182
Figure 16.6. SMB0CN: SMBus Control Register .................................................................184
Table 16.3. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN ....................................................185
Figure 16.7. SMB0DAT: SMBus Data Register ...................................................................186
Figure 16.8. Typical Master Transmitter Sequence...............................................................187
Figure 16.9. Typical Master Receiver Sequence ...................................................................188
Figure 16.10. Typical Slave Receiver Sequence ...................................................................189
Figure 16.11. Typical Slave Transmitter Sequence ...............................................................190
Table 16.4. SMBus Status Decoding....................................................................................191
17. UART0 .................................................................................................................................193
Figure 17.1. UART0 Block Diagram.....................................................................................193
Figure 17.2. UART0 Baud Rate Logic ..................................................................................194
Figure 17.3. UART Interconnect Diagram ............................................................................195
Figure 17.4. 8-Bit UART Timing Diagram ...........................................................................195
Figure 17.5. 9-Bit UART Timing Diagram ...........................................................................196
Figure 17.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram .......................................197
Figure 17.7. SCON0: Serial Port 0 Control Register.............................................................198
Figure 17.8. SBUF0: Serial (UART0) Port Data Buffer Register .........................................199
Table 17.1. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using The Internal Oscillator ...........200
Table 17.2. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External Oscillator.............200
Table 17.3. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External Oscillator.............201
Table 17.4. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External Oscillator.............201
Table 17.5. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External Oscillator.............202
Table 17.6. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External Oscillator.............202
18. ENHANCED SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI0) ........................................203
Figure 18.1. SPI Block Diagram............................................................................................203
Figure 18.2. Multiple-Master Mode Connection Diagram ....................................................206
Figure 18.3. 3-Wire Single Master and 3-Wire Single Slave Mode Connection Diagram ...206
Figure 18.4. 4-Wire Single Master Mode and 4-Wire Slave Mode Connection Diagram ....206
Figure 18.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing......................................................................208
Figure 18.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0) ................................................209
Figure 18.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1) ................................................209
Figure 18.8. SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration Register............................................................210
Figure 18.9. SPI0CN: SPI0 Control Register ........................................................................211
Figure 18.10. SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate Register ..............................................................212
Figure 18.11. SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data Register ........................................................................213
Figure 18.12. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 0)...................................................................214
Figure 18.13. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 1)...................................................................214
Figure 18.14. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 0) .....................................................................215
Figure 18.15. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 1) .....................................................................215
Table 18.1. SPI Slave Timing Parameters............................................................................216
19. TIMERS ..............................................................................................................................217
Figure 19.1. T0 Mode 0 Block Diagram................................................................................218
Figure 19.2. T0 Mode 2 Block Diagram................................................................................219
Rev. 1.1
13
C8051F320/1
Figure 19.3. T0 Mode 3 Block Diagram................................................................................220
Figure 19.4. TCON: Timer Control Register.........................................................................221
Figure 19.5. TMOD: Timer Mode Register...........................................................................222
Figure 19.6. CKCON: Clock Control Register......................................................................223
Figure 19.7. TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte ....................................................................................224
Figure 19.8. TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte ....................................................................................224
Figure 19.9. TH0: Timer 0 High Byte ...................................................................................224
Figure 19.10. TH1: Timer 1 High Byte .................................................................................224
Figure 19.11. Timer 2 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram .............................................................225
Figure 19.12. Timer 2 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram ...............................................................226
Figure 19.13. Timer 2 SOF Capture Mode (T2SPLIT = ‘0’) ................................................227
Figure 19.14. Timer 2 SOF Capture Mode (T2SPLIT = ‘1’) ................................................227
Figure 19.15. TMR2CN: Timer 2 Control Register ..............................................................228
Figure 19.16. TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte ............................................229
Figure 19.17. TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte ...........................................229
Figure 19.18. TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte ............................................................................229
Figure 19.19. TMR2H Timer 2 High Byte ............................................................................229
Figure 19.20. Timer 3 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram .............................................................230
Figure 19.21. Timer 3 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram ...............................................................231
Figure 19.22. Timer 3 SOF Capture Mode (T3SPLIT = ‘0’) ................................................232
Figure 19.23. Timer 3 SOF Capture Mode (T3SPLIT = ‘1’) ................................................232
Figure 19.24. TMR3CN: Timer 3 Control Register ..............................................................233
Figure 19.25. TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte ............................................234
Figure 19.26. TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte ...........................................234
Figure 19.27. TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte ............................................................................234
Figure 19.28. TMR3H Timer 3 High Byte ............................................................................234
20. PROGRAMMABLE COUNTER ARRAY (PCA0) ........................................................235
Figure 20.1. PCA Block Diagram..........................................................................................235
Figure 20.2. PCA Counter/Timer Block Diagram .................................................................236
Table 20.1. PCA Timebase Input Options............................................................................236
Figure 20.3. PCA Interrupt Block Diagram...........................................................................237
Table 20.2. PCA0CPM Register Settings for PCA Capture/Compare Modules..................237
Figure 20.4. PCA Capture Mode Diagram ............................................................................238
Figure 20.5. PCA Software Timer Mode Diagram................................................................239
Figure 20.6. PCA High Speed Output Mode Diagram ..........................................................240
Figure 20.7. PCA Frequency Output Mode ...........................................................................241
Figure 20.8. PCA 8-Bit PWM Mode Diagram ......................................................................243
Figure 20.9. PCA 16-Bit PWM Mode ...................................................................................244
Figure 20.10. PCA Module 4 with Watchdog Timer Enabled ..............................................246
Table 20.3. Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals† ................................................................247
Figure 20.11. PCA0CN: PCA Control Register ....................................................................248
Figure 20.12. PCA0MD: PCA Mode Register ......................................................................249
Figure 20.13. PCA0CPMn: PCA Capture/Compare Mode Registers ...................................250
Figure 20.14. PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte .........................................................251
Figure 20.15. PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte ........................................................251
14
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 20.16. PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte ................................................252
Figure 20.17. PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte ...............................................252
21. C2 INTERFACE .................................................................................................................253
Figure 21.1. C2ADD: C2 Address Register ..........................................................................253
Figure 21.2. DEVICEID: C2 Device ID Register .................................................................253
Figure 21.3. REVID: C2 Revision ID Register .....................................................................254
Figure 21.4. FPCTL: C2 FLASH Programming Control Register ........................................254
Figure 21.5. FPDAT: C2 FLASH Programming Data Register ............................................254
Figure 21.6. Typical C2 Pin Sharing .....................................................................................255
Rev. 1.1
15
C8051F320/1
Notes
16
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
1.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
C8051F320/1 devices are fully integrated mixed-signal System-on-a-Chip MCUs. Highlighted features are listed
below. Refer to Table 1.1 for specific product feature selection.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
High-speed pipelined 8051-compatible microcontroller core (up to 25 MIPS)
In-system, full-speed, non-intrusive debug interface (on-chip)
Universal Serial Bus (USB) Function Controller with eight flexible endpoint pipes, integrated transceiver, and
1k FIFO RAM
Supply Voltage Regulator (5V-to-3V)
True 10-bit 200 ksps 17-channel single-ended/differential ADC with analog multiplexer
On-chip Voltage Reference and Temperature Sensor
On-chip Voltage Comparators (2)
Precision programmable 12 MHz internal oscillator and 4x clock multiplier
16k bytes of on-chip FLASH memory
2304 total bytes of on-chip RAM (256 + 1k + 1k USB FIFO)
SMBus/I2C, Enhanced UART, and Enhanced SPI serial interfaces implemented in hardware
Four general-purpose 16-bit timers
Programmable Counter/Timer Array (PCA) with five capture/compare modules and Watchdog Timer function
On-chip Power-On Reset, VDD Monitor, and Missing Clock Detector
25/21 Port I/O (5V tolerant)
With on-chip Power-On Reset, VDD monitor, Voltage Regulator, Watchdog Timer, and clock oscillator,
C8051F320/1 devices are truly stand-alone System-on-a-Chip solutions. The FLASH memory can be reprogrammed
in-circuit, providing non-volatile data storage, and also allowing field upgrades of the 8051 firmware. User software
has complete control of all peripherals, and may individually shut down any or all peripherals for power savings.
The on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) Development Interface allows non-intrusive (uses no on-chip resources), full
speed, in-circuit debugging using the production MCU installed in the final application. This debug logic supports
inspection and modification of memory and registers, setting breakpoints, single stepping, run and halt commands.
All analog and digital peripherals are fully functional while debugging using C2. The two C2 interface pins can be
shared with user functions, allowing in-system debugging without occupying package pins.
Each device is specified for 2.7 V-to-3.6 V operation over the industrial temperature range (-40°C to +85°C). (Note
that 3.0 V-to-3.6 V is required for USB communication.) The Port I/O and /RST pins are tolerant of input signals up
to 5 V. C8051F320/1 are available in a 32-pin LQFP or a 28-pin MLP package.
MIPS (Peak)
FLASH Memory
RAM
Calibrated Internal Oscillator
USB
Supply Voltage Regulator
SMBus/I2C
Enhanced SPI
UART
Timers (16-bit)
Programmable Counter Array
Digital Port I/Os
10-bit 200ksps ADC
Temperature Sensor
Voltage Reference
Analog Comparators
Package
Table 1.1. Product Selection Guide
C8051F320
25
16k
2304
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
25
3
3
3
2
LQFP-32
C8051F321
25
16k
2304
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
21
3
3
3
2
MLP-28
Rev. 1.1
17
C8051F320/1
Figure 1.1. C8051F320 Block Diagram
5.0V
REGIN
IN
Voltage
Regulator
Enable
OUT
VDD
Analog/Digital
Power
Debug HW
Reset
/RST/C2CK
POR
BrownOut
External
Oscillator
Circuit
System
Clock
x4
2
Clock
Recovery
D+
DVBUS
18
Port 1
Latch
D
r
v
8
0
5
1
2
16kbyte
FLASH
PCA/
WDT
256 byte
SRAM
SMBus
P
1
D
r
v
P
2
SPI
C
o
r SFR Bus
e
D
r
v
Port 2
Latch
P
3
Port 3
Latch
D
r
v
VREF
USB Clock
1,2,3,4
USB
Transceiver
C
R
O
S
S
B
A
R
Timer
0,1,2,3 /
RTC
1K byte
XRAM
XTAL1 XTAL2
12MHz
Internal
Oscillator
P
0
UART
GND
C2D
Port 0
Latch
VREF
USB
Controller
CP0
+
-
CP1
+
-
VDD
Temp
10-bit
200ksps
ADC
1K byte USB
SRAM
Rev. 1.1
A
M
U
X
AIN0-AIN16
VDD
VREF
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2/XTAL1
P0.3/XTAL2
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6/CNVSTR
P0.7/VREF
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
P3.0/C2D
C8051F320/1
Figure 1.2. C8051F321 Block Diagram
5.0V
REGIN
Voltage
IN
Regulator
Enable
OUT
VDD
Analog/Digital
Power
Debug HW
Reset
/RST/C2CK
POR
BrownOut
External
Oscillator
Circuit
System
Clock
x4
2
Clock
Recovery
D+
DVBUS
Port 1
Latch
D
r
v
8
0
5
1
2
16kbyte
FLASH
PCA/
WDT
256 byte
SRAM
SMBus
P
1
D
r
v
P
2
SPI
C
o
r SFR Bus
e
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2/XTAL1
P0.3/XTAL2
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6/CNVSTR
P0.7/VREF
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
D
r
v
Port 2
Latch
P
3
Port 3
Latch
P3.0/C2D
D
r
v
VREF
USB Clock
1,2,3,4
USB
Transceiver
C
R
O
S
S
B
A
R
Timer
0,1,2,3 /
RTC
1K byte
XRAM
XTAL1 XTAL2
12MHz
Internal
Oscillator
P
0
UART
GND
C2D
Port 0
Latch
VREF
USB
Controller
CP0
+
-
CP1
+
-
VDD
Temp
10-bit
200ksps
ADC
1K byte USB
SRAM
Rev. 1.1
A
M
U
X
AIN0-AIN11
VDD
VREF
19
C8051F320/1
1.1.
CIP-51™ Microcontroller Core
1.1.1.
Fully 8051 Compatible
The C8051F320/1 family utilizes Silicon Labs' proprietary CIP-51 microcontroller core. The CIP-51 is fully compatible with the MCS-51™ instruction set; standard 803x/805x assemblers and compilers can be used to develop software. The CIP-51 core offers all the peripherals included with a standard 8052, including four 16-bit counter/timers,
a full-duplex UART with extended baud rate configuration, an enhanced SPI port, 2304 bytes of on-chip RAM,
128 byte Special Function Register (SFR) address space, and 25/21 I/O pins.
1.1.2.
Improved Throughput
The CIP-51 employs a pipelined architecture that greatly increases its instruction throughput over the standard 8051
architecture. In a standard 8051, all instructions except for MUL and DIV take 12 or 24 system clock cycles to execute with a maximum system clock of 12-to-24 MHz. By contrast, the CIP-51 core executes 70% of its instructions in
one or two system clock cycles, with only four instructions taking more than four system clock cycles.
The CIP-51 has a total of 109 instructions. The table below shows the total number of instructions that require each
execution time.
Clocks to Execute
1
2
2/3
3
3/4
4
4/5
5
8
Number of Instructions
26
50
5
14
7
3
1
2
1
With the CIP-51's maximum system clock at 25 MHz, it has a peak throughput of 25 MIPS. Figure 1.3 shows a comparison of peak throughputs for various 8-bit microcontroller cores with their maximum system clocks.
Figure 1.3. Comparison of Peak MCU Execution Speeds
25
MIPS
20
15
10
5
Silicon Labs Microchip
Philips
ADuC812
CIP-51
PIC17C75x
80C51
8051
(25MHz clk) (33MHz clk) (33MHz clk) (16MHz clk)
20
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
1.1.3.
Additional Features
The C8051F320/1 SoC family includes several key enhancements to the CIP-51 core and peripherals to improve performance and ease of use in end applications.
The extended interrupt handler provides 16 interrupt sources into the CIP-51 (as opposed to 7 for the standard 8051),
allowing numerous analog and digital peripherals to interrupt the controller. An interrupt driven system requires less
intervention by the MCU, giving it more effective throughput. The extra interrupt sources are very useful when building multi-tasking, real-time systems.
Nine reset sources are available: power-on reset circuitry (POR), an on-chip VDD monitor (forces reset when power
supply voltage drops below VRST as given in Table 10.1 on page 105), the USB controller (USB bus reset or a VBUS
transition), a Watchdog Timer, a Missing Clock Detector, a voltage level detection from Comparator0, a forced software reset, an external reset pin, and an errant FLASH read/write protection circuit. Each reset source except for the
POR, Reset Input Pin, or FLASH error may be disabled by the user in software. The WDT may be permanently
enabled in software after a power-on reset during MCU initialization.
The internal oscillator is factory calibrated to 12 MHz ±1.5%, and the internal oscillator period may be user programmed in ~0.25% increments. A clock recovery mechanism allows the internal oscillator to be used with the 4x
Clock Multiplier as the USB clock source in Full Speed mode; the internal oscillator can also be used as the USB
clock source in Low Speed mode. External oscillators may also be used with the 4x Clock Multiplier. An external
oscillator drive circuit is also included, allowing an external crystal, ceramic resonator, capacitor, RC, or CMOS
clock source to generate the system clock. The system clock may be configured to use the internal oscillator, external
oscillator, or the Clock Multiplier output divided by 2. If desired, the system clock source may be switched on-the-fly
between oscillator sources. An external oscillator can be extremely useful in low power applications, allowing the
MCU to run from a slow (power saving) external clock source, while periodically switching to the internal oscillator
as needed.
Figure 1.4. On-Chip Clock and Reset
VDD
Supply
Monitor
+
-
+
-
EN
XTAL2
External
Oscillator
Drive
/RST
Reset
Funnel
PCA
WDT
Software Reset (SWRSF)
Errant
FLASH
Operation
MCD
Enable
WDT
Enable
EN
System
Clock
(wired-OR)
C0RSEF
Missing
Clock
Detector
(oneshot)
Internal
Oscillator
'0'
CIP-51
Microcontroller
Core
System Reset
Enable
Px.x
XTAL1
Power On
Reset
Comparator 0
Px.x
Clock
Multiplier
Enable
USB
Controller
VBUS
Transition
Clock Select
Extended Interrupt
Handler
Rev. 1.1
21
C8051F320/1
1.2.
On-Chip Memory
The CIP-51 has a standard 8051 program and data address configuration. It includes 256 bytes of data RAM, with the
upper 128 bytes dual-mapped. Indirect addressing accesses the upper 128 bytes of general purpose RAM, and direct
addressing accesses the 128 byte SFR address space. The lower 128 bytes of RAM are accessible via direct and indirect addressing. The first 32 bytes are addressable as four banks of general purpose registers, and the next 16 bytes
can be byte addressable or bit addressable.
Program memory consists of 16k bytes of FLASH. This memory may be reprogrammed in-system in 512 byte sectors, and requires no special off-chip programming voltage. See Figure 1.5 for the MCU system memory map.
Figure 1.5. On-Board Memory Map
DATA MEMORY (RAM)
INTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE
PROGRAM/DATA MEMORY
(FLASH)
0x3E00
0x3DFF
RESERVED
0xFF
0x80
0x7F
Upper 128 RAM
(Indirect Addressing
Only)
(Direct and Indirect
Addressing)
16K FLASH
(In-System
Programmable in 512
Byte Sectors)
0x30
0x2F
0x20
0x1F
0x00
Bit Addressable
Lower 128 RAM
(Direct and Indirect
Addressing)
General Purpose
Registers
EXTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE
0x0000
0xFFFF
Same 2048 bytes as from
0x0000 to 0x07FF, wrapped
on 2K-byte boundaries
0x0800
0x07FF
0x0400
0x03FF
0x0000
22
Special Function
Register's
(Direct Addressing Only)
USB FIFOs
1024 Bytes
XRAM - 1024 Bytes
(accessable using MOVX
instruction)
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
1.3.
Universal Serial Bus Controller
The Universal Serial Bus Controller (USB0) is a USB 2.0 compliant Full or Low Speed function with integrated
transceiver and endpoint FIFO RAM. A total of eight endpoint pipes are available: a bi-directional control endpoint
(Endpoint0) and three pairs of IN/OUT endpoints (Endpoints1-3 IN/OUT).
A 1k block of XRAM is used as dedicated USB FIFO space. This FIFO space is distributed among Endpoints0-3;
Endpoint1-3 FIFO slots can be configured as IN, OUT, or both IN and OUT (split mode). The maximum FIFO size is
512 bytes (Endpoint3).
USB0 can be operated as a Full or Low Speed function. On-chip 4x Clock Multiplier and clock recovery circuitry
allow both Full and Low Speed options to be implemented with the on-chip precision oscillator as the USB clock
source. An external oscillator source can also be used with the 4x Clock Multiplier to generate the USB clock. The
CPU clock source is independent of the USB clock.
The USB Transceiver is USB 2.0 compliant, and includes on-chip matching and pull-up resistors. The pull-up resistors can be enabled/disabled in software, and will appear on the D+ or D- pin according to the software-selected
speed setting (Full or Low Speed).
Figure 1.6. USB Controller Block Diagram
Transceiver
Serial Interface Engine (SIE)
Endpoint0
VDD
IN/OUT
D+
Data
Transfer
Control
D-
Endpoint1
Endpoint2
Endpoint3
OUT
IN
IN
USB
Control,
Status, and
Interrupt
Registers
CIP-51 Core
OUT
IN
OUT
USB FIFOs
(1k RAM)
1.4.
Voltage Regulator
C8051F320/1 devices include a 5 V-to-3 V voltage regulator (REG0). When enabled, the REG0 output appears on
the VDD pin and can be used to power external devices. REG0 can be enabled/disabled by software.
Rev. 1.1
23
C8051F320/1
1.5.
On-Chip Debug Circuitry
The C8051F320/1 devices include on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) debug circuitry that provides non-intrusive, full
speed, in-circuit debugging of the production part installed in the end application.
Silicon Labs' debugging system supports inspection and modification of memory and registers, breakpoints, and single stepping. No additional target RAM, program memory, timers, or communications channels are required. All the
digital and analog peripherals are functional and work correctly while debugging. All the peripherals (except for the
USB, ADC, and SMBus) are stalled when the MCU is halted, during single stepping, or at a breakpoint in order to
keep them synchronized.
The C8051F310DK development kit provides all the hardware and software necessary to develop application code
and perform in-circuit debugging with the C8051F320/1 MCUs. The kit includes software with a developer's studio
and debugger, an integrated 8051 assembler, and an RS-232 to C2 serial adapter. It also has a target application board
with the associated MCU installed and prototyping area, plus the RS-232 and C2 cables, and wall-mount power supply. The Development Kit requires a Windows 95/98/NT/ME/2000 computer with one available RS-232 serial port.
As shown in Figure 1.7, the PC is connected via RS-232 to the Serial Adapter. A six-inch ribbon cable connects the
Serial Adapter to the user's application board, picking up the two C2 pins and VDD and GND. The Serial Adapter
takes its power from the application board. For applications where there is not sufficient power available from the target board, the provided power supply can be connected directly to the Serial Adapter.
The Silicon Labs IDE interface is a vastly superior developing and debugging configuration, compared to standard
MCU emulators that use on-board "ICE Chips" and require the MCU in the application board to be socketed. Silicon
Labs' debug paradigm increases ease of use and preserves the performance of the precision analog peripherals.
Figure 1.7. Development/In-System Debug Diagram
Silicon Labs Integrated
Development Environment
WINDOWS 95/98/NT/ME/2000
RS-232
Serial
Adapter
C2 (x2), VDD, GND
VDD
TARGET PCB
GND
C8051F320
24
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
1.6.
Programmable Digital I/O and Crossbar
C8051F320 devices include 25 I/O pins (three byte-wide Ports and one 1-bit-wide Port); C8051F321 devices include
21 I/O pins (two byte-wide Ports, one 4-bit-wide Port, and one 1-bit-wide Port). The C8051F320/1 Ports behave like
typical 8051 Ports with a few enhancements. Each Port pin may be configured as an analog input or a digital I/O pin.
Pins selected as digital I/Os may additionally be configured for push-pull or open-drain output. The “weak pull-ups”
that are fixed on typical 8051 devices may be globally disabled, providing power savings capabilities.
The Digital Crossbar allows mapping of internal digital system resources to Port I/O pins (See Figure 1.8). On-chip
counter/timers, serial buses, HW interrupts, comparator outputs, and other digital signals in the controller can be configured to appear on the Port I/O pins specified in the Crossbar Control registers. This allows the user to select the
exact mix of general purpose Port I/O and digital resources needed for the particular application.
Figure 1.8. Digital Crossbar Diagram
XBR0, XBR1,
PnSKIP Registers
PnMDOUT,
PnMDIN Registers
Priority
Decoder
Highest
Priority
2
UART
(Internal Digital Signals)
P0
I/O
Cells
P0.0
P1
I/O
Cells
P1.0
P2
I/O
Cells
P2.0
P3
I/O
Cells
P3.0
2
8
Note: P2.4-P2.7 only available
on the C8051F320
4
SPI
8
SMBus
CP0
Outputs
2
CP1
Outputs
2
Digital
Crossbar
8
8
SYSCLK
P1.7
P2.7
6
PCA
1
Lowest
Priority
P0.7
2
T0, T1
P0
(P0.0-P0.7)
P1
(P1.0-P1.7)
(Port Latches)
8
8
P2
(P2.0-P2.7)
P3
(P3.0)
8
1.7.
Serial Ports
The C8051F320/1 Family includes an SMBus/I2C interface, a full-duplex UART with enhanced baud rate configuration, and an Enhanced SPI interface. Each of the serial buses is fully implemented in hardware and makes extensive
use of the CIP-51's interrupts, thus requiring very little CPU intervention.
Rev. 1.1
25
C8051F320/1
1.8.
Programmable Counter Array
An on-chip Programmable Counter/Timer Array (PCA) is included in addition to the four 16-bit general purpose
counter/timers. The PCA consists of a dedicated 16-bit counter/timer time base with five programmable capture/compare modules. The PCA clock is derived from one of six sources: the system clock divided by 12, the system clock
divided by 4, Timer 0 overflows, an External Clock Input (ECI), the system clock, or the external oscillator clock
source divided by 8. The external clock source selection is useful for real-time clock functionality, where the PCA is
clocked by an external source while the internal oscillator drives the system clock.
Each capture/compare module can be configured to operate in one of six modes: Edge-Triggered Capture, Software
Timer, High Speed Output, 8- or 16-bit Pulse Width Modulator, or Frequency Output. Additionally, Capture/Compare
Module 4 offers watchdog timer (WDT) capabilities. Following a system reset, Module 4 is configured and enabled
in WDT mode. The PCA Capture/Compare Module I/O and External Clock Input may be routed to Port I/O via the
Digital Crossbar.
Figure 1.9. PCA Block Diagram
SYSCLK/12
SYSCLK/4
Timer 0 Overflow
ECI
SYSCLK
PCA
CLOCK
MUX
16-Bit Counter/Timer
External Clock/8
Capture/Compare
Module 0
Capture/Compare
Module 1
Capture/Compare
Module 2
26
Rev. 1.1
Capture/Compare
Module 4 / WDT
CEX4
Port I/O
CEX3
CEX2
CEX1
CEX0
ECI
Crossbar
Capture/Compare
Module 3
C8051F320/1
1.9.
10-Bit Analog to Digital Converter
The C8051F320/1 devices include an on-chip 10-bit SAR ADC with a 17-channel differential input multiplexer. With
a maximum throughput of 200 ksps, the ADC offers true 10-bit linearity with an INL of ±1LSB. The ADC system
includes a configurable analog multiplexer that selects both positive and negative ADC inputs. Ports1-3 are available
as ADC inputs; additionally, the on-chip Temperature Sensor output and the power supply voltage (VDD) are available as ADC inputs. User firmware may shut down the ADC to save power.
Conversions can be started in six ways: a software command, an overflow of Timer 0, 1, 2, or 3, or an external convert start signal. This flexibility allows the start of conversion to be triggered by software events, a periodic signal
(timer overflows), or external HW signals. Conversion completions are indicated by a status bit and an interrupt (if
enabled). The resulting 10-bit data word is latched into the ADC data SFRs upon completion of a conversion.
Window compare registers for the ADC data can be configured to interrupt the controller when ADC data is either
within or outside of a specified range. The ADC can monitor a key voltage continuously in background mode, but not
interrupt the controller unless the converted data is within/outside the specified range.
Figure 1.10. 10-Bit ADC Block Diagram
Analog Multiplexer
P1.0
Configuration, Control, and Data Registers
P1.7
P2.0
P2.4-2.7
available on
C8051F320
Temp
Sensor
19-to-1
AMUX
Start
Conversion
P2.7
P3.0
VDD
(+)
(-)
P1.0
P1.7
P2.0
P2.4-2.7
available on
C8051F320
19-to-1
AMUX
10-Bit
SAR
ADC
End of
Conversion
Interrupt
16
000
AD0BUSY (W)
001
Timer 0 Overflow
010
Timer 2 Overflow
011
100
Timer 1 Overflow
CNVSTR Input
101
Timer 3 Overflow
ADC Data
Registers
Window Compare
Logic
Window
Compare
Interrupt
P2.7
P3.0
VREF
GND
Rev. 1.1
27
C8051F320/1
1.10.
Comparators
C8051F320/1 devices include two on-chip voltage comparators that are enabled/disabled and configured via user
software. Port I/O pins may be configured as comparator inputs via a selection mux. Two comparator outputs may be
routed to a Port pin if desired: a latched output and/or an unlatched (asynchronous) output. Comparator response time
is programmable, allowing the user to select between high-speed and low-power modes. Positive and negative hysteresis are also configurable.
Comparator interrupts may be generated on rising, falling, or both edges. When in IDLE mode, these interrupts may
be used as a “wake-up” source. Comparator0 may also be configured as a reset source. Figure 1.11 shows the
Comparator0 block diagram.
Figure 1.11. Comparator0 Block Diagram
CP0EN
CPT0CN
CPT0MX
CP0OUT
CMX0N1
CMX0N0
CP0RIF
VDD
CP0FIF
CP0HYP1
CP0HYP0
CP0
Interrupt
CP0HYN1
CP0HYN0
CMX0P1
CMX0P0
CP0
Rising-edge
P1.0
CP0
Falling-edge
P1.4
P2.0
CP0 +
Interrupt
Logic
P2.4
+
D
-
CLR
GND
CP0 -
SET
CLR
CP0
Q
Q
CP0A
Reset
Decision
Tree
CPT0MD
P2.5
CP0RIE
CP0FIE
CP0MD1
CP0MD0
28
Q
D
(SYNCHRONIZER)
P2.1
Note: P2.4 and P2.5 available
only on C8051F320
Q
Crossbar
P1.1
P1.5
SET
CP0RIE
CP0FIE
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
2.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 2.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings*
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Ambient temperature under bias
-55
125
°C
Storage Temperature
-65
150
°C
Voltage on any Port I/O Pin or /RST with respect
to GND
-0.3
5.8
V
Voltage on VDD with respect to GND
-0.3
4.2
V
Maximum Total current through VDD and GND
500
mA
Maximum output current sunk by /RST or any
Port pin
100
mA
*Note: stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device.
This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the devices at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
Rev. 1.1
29
C8051F320/1
3.
GLOBAL DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table 3.1. Global DC Electrical Characteristics
-40°C to +85°C, 25 MHz System Clock unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
Digital Supply Voltage (Note 1)
Digital Supply Current with CPU
active
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
2.7
3.3
3.6
V
VDD=3.3V, Clock=24MHz
VDD=3.3V, Clock=1MHz
VDD=3.3V, Clock=32kHz
Digital Supply Current with CPU VDD=3.3V, Clock=24MHz
active and USB active (Full or Low VDD=3.3V, Clock=6MHz
Speed)
Digital Supply Current with CPU
inactive (not accessing FLASH)
VDD=3.3V, Clock=24MHz
VDD=3.3V, Clock=1MHz
VDD=3.3V, Clock=32kHz
Digital Supply Current (suspend
mode or shutdown mode)
Oscillator not running
Digital Supply RAM Data Retention Voltage
10
0.6
30
mA
mA
µA
TBD
TBD
mA
mA
5
0.3
14
mA
mA
µA
< 0.1
µA
1.5
V
SYSCLK (System Clock) (Note 2)
0
TSYSH (SYSCLK High Time)
18
ns
TSYSL (SYSCLK Low Time)
18
ns
Specified Operating Temperature
Range
-40
Note 1: USB Requires 3.0 V Minimum Supply Voltage.
Note 2: SYSCLK must be at least 32 kHz to enable debugging.
30
Rev. 1.1
25
+85
MHz
°C
C8051F320/1
4.
PINOUT AND PACKAGE DEFINITIONS
Table 4.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F320/1
Name
Pin Numbers
‘F320
‘F321
Type
Description
Power In 2.7-3.6 V Power Supply Voltage Input.
VDD
GND
6
3
6
3
/RST/
9
P3.0/
D I/O
Device Reset. Open-drain output of internal POR or VDD monitor. An external source can initiate a system reset by driving this
pin low for at least 15 µs. See Section 10.
D I/O
Clock signal for the C2 Debug Interface.
D I/O
Port 3.0. See Section 14 for a complete description.
D I/O
Bi-directional data signal for the C2 Debug Interface.
10
C2D
REGIN
3.3 V Voltage Regulator Output. See Section 8.
Ground.
9
C2CK
10
Power
Out
Power In 5 V Regulator Input. This pin is the input to the on-chip voltage
regulator.
7
7
VBUS
8
8
D In
VBUS Sense Input. This pin should be connected to the VBUS
signal of a USB network. A 5 V signal on this pin indicates a USB
network connection.
D+
4
4
D I/O
USB D+.
D-
5
5
D I/O
USB D-.
P0.0
2
2
D I/O
Port 0.0. See Section 14 for a complete description.
P0.1
1
1
D I/O
Port 0.1. See Section 14 for a complete description.
D I/O
Port 0.2. See Section 14 for a complete description.
XTAL1
A In
External Clock Input. This pin is the external oscillator return for
a crystal or resonator. See Section 13.
P0.3/
D I/O
Port 0.3. See Section 14 for a complete description.
P0.2/
32
28
31
27
P0.4
30
26
D I/O
Port 0.4. See Section 14 for a complete description.
P0.5
29
25
D I/O
Port 0.5. See Section 14 for a complete description.
XTAL2
External Clock Output. This pin is the excitation driver for an
A I/O or external crystal or resonator, or an external clock input for CMOS,
capacitor, or RC oscillator configurations. See Section 13.
D In
Rev. 1.1
31
C8051F320/1
Table 4.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F320/1
Name
Pin Numbers
‘F320
‘F321
28
24
Type
P0.6/
Port 0.6. See Section 14 for a complete description.
CNVSTR
ADC0 External Convert Start Input. See Section 5.
P0.7/
27
D I/O
Port 0.7. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A I/O
External VREF input or output. See Section 6.
23
VREF
32
Description
P1.0
26
22
D I/O or
Port 1.0. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P1.1
25
21
D I/O or
Port 1.1. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P1.2
24
20
D I/O or
Port 1.2. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P1.3
23
19
D I/O or
Port 1.3. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P1.4
22
18
D I/O or
Port 1.4. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P1.5
21
17
D I/O or
Port 1.5. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P1.6
20
16
D I/O or
Port 1.6. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P1.7
19
15
D I/O or
Port 1.7. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P2.0
18
14
D I/O or
Port 2.0. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P2.1
17
13
D I/O or
Port 2.1. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P2.2
16
12
D I/O or
Port 2.2. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P2.3
15
11
D I/O or
Port 2.3. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P2.4
14
D I/O or
Port 2.4. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P2.5
13
D I/O or
Port 2.5. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
P2.6
12
D I/O or
Port 2.6. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Table 4.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F320/1
Pin Numbers
Name
‘F320
P2.7
‘F321
Type
Description
D I/O or
Port 2.7. See Section 14 for a complete description.
A In
11
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0
P1.1
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
Figure 4.1. LQFP-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
P0.1
1
24
P1.2
P0.0
2
23
P1.3
GND
3
22
P1.4
D+
4
21
P1.5
D-
5
20
P1.6
VDD
6
19
P1.7
REGIN
7
18
P2.0
VBUS
8
17
P2.1
14
15
16
P2.3
P2.2
12
P2.6
P2.4
11
P2.7
13
10
P3.0 / C2D
P2.5
9
/RST / C2CK
C8051F320
Top View
Rev. 1.1
33
C8051F320/1
Figure 4.2. LQFP-32 Package Diagram
D
Table 4.2. LQFP-32
Package Dimensions
D1
E1 E
32
PIN 1
IDENTIFIER
1
A2
A
b
34
A1
e
Rev. 1.1
A
A1
A2
b
D
D1
e
E
E1
MIN
0.05
1.35
0.30
-
MM
TYP
1.40
0.37
9.00
7.00
0.80
9.00
7.00
MAX
1.60
0.15
1.45
0.45
-
C8051F320/1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0
27
26
25
24
23
22
GND
28
Figure 4.3. MLP-28 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
P0.1
1
21
P1.1
P0.0
2
20
P1.2
GND
3
19
P1.3
D+
4
18
P1.4
D-
5
17
P1.5
VDD
6
16
P1.6
REGIN
7
15
P1.7
C8051F321
Top View
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
VBUS
/RST / C2CK
P3.0 / C2D
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1
P2.0
GND
Rev. 1.1
35
C8051F320/1
Figure 4.4. MLP-28 Package Drawing
L
7
15
16
D2
5
17
D2
2
e
E2
4
18
19
E2
2
3
R
6xe
E
b
6
20
2
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
DETAIL 1
28
1
Table 4.2. MLP-28 Package
Dimensions
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Bottom View
6xe
D
A
A2
Side View
A1
A3
e
DETAIL 1
CC
36
DD
BB
AA
Rev. 1.1
A
A1
A2
A3
b
D
D2
E
E2
e
L
N
ND
NE
R
AA
BB
CC
DD
MIN
0.80
0
0
0.18
2.90
2.90
0.45
0.09
-
MM
TYP
0.90
0.02
0.65
0.25
0.23
5.00
3.15
5.00
3.15
0.5
0.55
28
7
7
0.435
0.435
0.18
0.18
MAX
1.00
0.05
1.00
0.30
3.35
3.35
0.65
-
C8051F320/1
Figure 4.5. Typical MLP-28 Landing Diagram
0.50 mm
0.35 mm
0.50 mm
0.10 mm
0.85 mm
0.30 mm
0.20 mm
0.20 mm
0.50 mm
Top View
b
0.20 mm
D
D2
Optional
GND
Connection
L
e
E2
0.20 mm
0.30 mm
0.50 mm
0.85 mm
0.35 mm
0.10 mm
E
Rev. 1.1
37
C8051F320/1
Figure 4.6. Typical MLP-28 Solder Mask
0.50 mm
0.35 mm
0.50 mm
0.60 mm
0.20 mm
0.10 mm
0.85 mm
0.30 mm
0.20 mm
0.20 mm
0.50 mm
Top View
0.60 mm
0.30 mm
0.70 mm
b
0.20 mm
e
L
E2
0.20 mm
0.30 mm
0.50 mm
0.85 mm
0.35 mm
0.10 mm
E
38
Rev. 1.1
D
D2
0.40 mm
C8051F320/1
5.
10-BIT ADC (ADC0)
The ADC0 subsystem for the C8051F320/1 consists of two analog multiplexers (referred to collectively as AMUX0)
with 17 total input selections, and a 200 ksps, 10-bit successive-approximation-register ADC with integrated trackand-hold and programmable window detector. The AMUX0, data conversion modes, and window detector are all
configurable under software control via the Special Function Registers shown in Figure 5.1. ADC0 operates in both
Single-ended and Differential modes, and may be configured to measure P1.0-P3.0, the Temperature Sensor output,
or VDD with respect to P1.0-P3.0, VREF, or GND. The ADC0 subsystem is enabled only when the AD0EN bit in the
ADC0 Control register (ADC0CN) is set to logic 1. The ADC0 subsystem is in low power shutdown when this bit is
logic 0.
Figure 5.1. ADC0 Functional Block Diagram
P2.4-2.7
available on
C8051F320
VDD
AD0SC0
AD0LJST
AD0SC1
ADC0CF
Rev. 1.1
AD0CM1
AD0CM0
AD0BUSY (W)
Timer 0 Overflow
010
011
100
101
Timer 2 Overflow
Timer 1 Overflow
CNVSTR Input
Timer 3 Overflow
ADC0H
000
001
REF
ADC
SYSCLK
(-)
AD0SC2
AD0SC3
AD0SC4
AMX0N0
GND
AMX0N1
VREF
AMX0N2
P2.7
P3.0
AMX0N
AMX0N3
P2.4-2.7
available on
C8051F320
10-Bit
SAR
19-to-1
AMUX
AMX0N4
P1.7
P2.0
(+)
ADC0L
VDD
P1.0
AD0CM2
Start
Conversion
P2.7
P3.0
Temp
Sensor
AD0WINT
AD0INT
AD0BUSY
AD0EN
19-to-1
AMUX
AD0TM
AMX0P0
ADC0CN
AMX0P1
AMX0P2
AMX0P4
P1.7
P2.0
AMX0P3
AMX0P
P1.0
ADC0LTH ADC0LTL
AD0WINT
32
Window
Compare
Logic
ADC0GTH ADC0GTL
39
C8051F320/1
5.1.
Analog Multiplexer
AMUX0 selects the positive and negative inputs to the ADC. Any of the following may be selected as the positive
input: P1.0-P3.0, the on-chip temperature sensor, or the positive power supply (VDD). Any of the following may be
selected as the negative input: P1.0-P3.0, VREF, or GND. When GND is selected as the negative input, ADC0
operates in Single-ended Mode; all other times, ADC0 operates in Differential Mode. The ADC0 input channels
are selected in the AMX0P and AMX0N registers as described in Figure 5.5 and Figure 5.6.
The conversion code format differs between Single-ended and Differential modes. The registers ADC0H and ADC0L
contain the high and low bytes of the output conversion code from the ADC at the completion of each conversion.
Data can be right-justified or left-justified, depending on the setting of the AD0LJST bit (ADC0CN.0). When in Single-ended Mode, conversion codes are represented as 10-bit unsigned integers. Inputs are measured from ‘0’ to
VREF * 1023/1024. Example codes are shown below for both right-justified and left-justified data. Unused bits in the
ADC0H and ADC0L registers are set to ‘0’.
Input Voltage
(Single-Ended)
VREF * 1023/1024
VREF * 512/1024
VREF * 256/1024
0
Right-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L
(AD0LJST = 0)
0x03FF
0x0200
0x0100
0x0000
Left-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L
(AD0LJST = 1)
0xFFC0
0x8000
0x4000
0x0000
When in Differential Mode, conversion codes are represented as 10-bit signed 2’s complement numbers. Inputs are
measured from -VREF to VREF * 511/512. Example codes are shown below for both right-justified and left-justified
data. For right-justified data, the unused MSBs of ADC0H are a sign-extension of the data word. For left-justified
data, the unused LSBs in the ADC0L register are set to ‘0’.
Input Voltage
(Differential)
VREF * 511/512
VREF * 256/512
0
-VREF * 256/512
- VREF
Right-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L
(AD0LJST = 0)
0x01FF
0x0100
0x0000
0xFF00
0xFE00
Left-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L
(AD0LJST = 1)
0x7FC0
0x4000
0x0000
0xC000
0x8000
Important Note About ADC0 Input Configuration: Port pins selected as ADC0 inputs should be configured as
analog inputs, and should be skipped by the Digital Crossbar. To configure a Port pin for analog input, set to ‘0’ the
corresponding bit in register PnMDIN (for n = 0,1,2,3). To force the Crossbar to skip a Port pin, set to ‘1’ the corresponding bit in register PnSKIP (for n = 0,1,2). See Section “14. Port Input/Output” on page 127 for more Port I/O
configuration details.
40
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
5.2.
Temperature Sensor
The typical temperature sensor transfer function is shown in Figure 5.2. The output voltage (VTEMP) is the positive
ADC input when the temperature sensor is selected by bits AMX0P4-0 in register AMX0P.
Figure 5.2. Typical Temperature Sensor Transfer Function
(mV)
1000
900
800
VTEMP = 2.86(TEMPC) + 776 mV
700
600
500
-50
0
50
100
(Celsius)
Note that parameters which affect ADC measurement, in particular the voltage reference value, will also affect
temperature measurement.
Rev. 1.1
41
C8051F320/1
5.3.
Modes of Operation
ADC0 has a maximum conversion speed of 200 ksps. The ADC0 conversion clock is a divided version of the system
clock, determined by the AD0SC bits in the ADC0CF register (system clock divided by (AD0SC + 1) for
0 ≤ AD0SC ≤ 31).
5.3.1.
Starting a Conversion
A conversion can be initiated in one of five ways, depending on the programmed states of the ADC0 Start of Conversion Mode bits (AD0CM2-0) in register ADC0CN. Conversions may be initiated by one of the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Writing a ‘1’ to the AD0BUSY bit of register ADC0CN
A Timer 0 overflow (i.e., timed continuous conversions)
A Timer 2 overflow
A Timer 1 overflow
A rising edge on the CNVSTR input signal (pin P0.6)
A Timer 3 overflow
Writing a ‘1’ to AD0BUSY provides software control of ADC0 whereby conversions are performed "on-demand".
During conversion, the AD0BUSY bit is set to logic 1 and reset to logic 0 when the conversion is complete. The falling edge of AD0BUSY triggers an interrupt (when enabled) and sets the ADC0 interrupt flag (AD0INT). Note: When
polling for ADC conversion completions, the ADC0 interrupt flag (AD0INT) should be used. Converted data is available in the ADC0 data registers, ADC0H:ADC0L, when bit AD0INT is logic 1. Note that when Timer 2 or Timer 3
overflows are used as the conversion source, Low Byte overflows are used if Timer 2/3 is in 8-bit mode; High byte
overflows are used if Timer 2/3 is in 16-bit mode. See Section “19. Timers” on page 217 for timer configuration.
Important Note About Using CNVSTR: The CNVSTR input pin also functions as Port pin P0.6. When the
CNVSTR input is used as the ADC0 conversion source, Port pin P0.6 should be skipped by the Digital Crossbar. To
configure the Crossbar to skip P0.6, set to ‘1’ Bit6 in register P0SKIP. See Section “14. Port Input/Output” on
page 127 for details on Port I/O configuration.
42
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
5.3.2.
Tracking Modes
The AD0TM bit in register ADC0CN controls the ADC0 track-and-hold mode. In its default state, the ADC0 input is
continuously tracked, except when a conversion is in progress. When the AD0TM bit is logic 1, ADC0 operates in
low-power track-and-hold mode. In this mode, each conversion is preceded by a tracking period of 3 SAR clocks
(after the start-of-conversion signal). When the CNVSTR signal is used to initiate conversions in low-power tracking
mode, ADC0 tracks only when CNVSTR is low; conversion begins on the rising edge of CNVSTR (see Figure 5.3).
Tracking can also be disabled (shutdown) when the device is in low power standby or sleep modes. Low-power trackand-hold mode is also useful when AMUX settings are frequently changed, due to the settling time requirements
described in Section “5.3.3. Settling Time Requirements” on page 44.
Figure 5.3. 10-Bit ADC Track and Conversion Example Timing
A. ADC0 Timing for External Trigger Source
CNVSTR
(AD0CM[2:0]=100)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11
SAR Clocks
AD0TM=1
AD0TM=0
Write '1' to AD0BUSY,
Timer 0, Timer 2,
Timer 1, Timer 3 Overflow
(AD0CM[2:0]=000, 001,010
011, 101)
Low Power
or Convert
Track
Track or Convert
Convert
Low Power
Mode
Convert
Track
B. ADC0 Timing for Internal Trigger Source
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14
SAR Clocks
AD0TM=1
Low Power
or Convert
Track
1
2
3
Convert
4
5
6
7
8
9
Low Power Mode
10 11
SAR Clocks
AD0TM=0
Track or
Convert
Convert
Rev. 1.1
Track
43
C8051F320/1
5.3.3.
Settling Time Requirements
When the ADC0 input configuration is changed (i.e., a different AMUX0 selection is made), a minimum tracking
time is required before an accurate conversion can be performed. This tracking time is determined by the AMUX0
resistance, the ADC0 sampling capacitance, any external source resistance, and the accuracy required for the conversion. Note that in low-power tracking mode, three SAR clocks are used for tracking at the start of every conversion.
For most applications, these three SAR clocks will meet the minimum tracking time requirements.
Figure 5.4 shows the equivalent ADC0 input circuits for both Differential and Single-ended modes. Notice that the
equivalent time constant for both input circuits is the same. The required ADC0 settling time for a given settling
accuracy (SA) may be approximated by Equation 5.1. When measuring the Temperature Sensor output or VDD with
respect to GND, RTOTAL reduces to RMUX. See Table 5.1 for ADC0 minimum settling time requirements.
Equation 5.1. ADC0 Settling Time Requirements
n
2
t = ln  ------- × R TOTAL C SAMPLE
 SA
Where:
SA is the settling accuracy, given as a fraction of an LSB (for example, 0.25 to settle within 1/4 LSB)
t is the required settling time in seconds
RTOTAL is the sum of the AMUX0 resistance and any external source resistance.
n is the ADC resolution in bits (10).
Figure 5.4. ADC0 Equivalent Input Circuits
Differential Mode
Single-Ended Mode
MUX
Select
MUX Select
Px.x
Px.x
RMUX = 5k
RMUX = 5k
CSAMPLE = 5pF
CSAMPLE = 5pF
RCInput= RMUX * CSAMPLE
RCInput= RMUX * CSAMPLE
CSAMPLE = 5pF
Px.x
RMUX = 5k
MUX Select
44
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 5.5. AMX0P: AMUX0 Positive Channel Select Register
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
-
AMX0P4
AMX0P3
AMX0P2
AMX0P1
AMX0P0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xBB
Bits7-5:
Bits4-0:
UNUSED. Read = 000b; Write = don’t care.
AMX0P4-0: AMUX0 Positive Input Selection
AMX0P4-0
00000
00001
00010
00011
00100
00101
00110
00111
01000
01001
01010
01011
01100†
01101†
01110†
01111†
10000
10001 - 11101
11110
11111
ADC0 Positive Input
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4†
P2.5†
P2.6†
P2.7†
P3.0
RESERVED
Temp Sensor
VDD
†Only applies to C8051F320; selection RESERVED on C8051F321 devices.
Rev. 1.1
45
C8051F320/1
Figure 5.6. AMX0N: AMUX0 Negative Channel Select Register
R
R
R
-
-
-
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
AMX0N4 AMX0N3 AMX0N2 AMX0N1 AMX0N0 00000000
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xBA
Bits7-5:
Bits4-0:
UNUSED. Read = 000b; Write = don’t care.
AMX0N4-0: AMUX0 Negative Input Selection.
Note that when GND is selected as the Negative Input, ADC0 operates in Single-ended mode. For all
other Negative Input selections, ADC0 operates in Differential mode.
AMX0N4-0
00000
00001
00010
00011
00100
00101
00110
00111
01000
01001
01010
01011
01100†
01101†
01110†
01111†
10000
10001 - 11101
11110
11111
ADC0 Negative Input
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4†
P2.5†
P2.6†
P2.7†
P3.0
RESERVED
VREF
GND (ADC in Single-Ended Mode)
†Only applies to C8051F320; selection RESERVED on C8051F321 devices.
46
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 5.7. ADC0CF: ADC0 Configuration Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
AD0SC4
AD0SC3
AD0SC2
AD0SC1
AD0SC0
AD0LJST
-
-
11111000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xBC
Bits7-3:
AD0SC4-0: ADC0 SAR Conversion Clock Period Bits.
SAR Conversion clock is derived from system clock by the following equation, where AD0SC refers
to the 5-bit value held in bits AD0SC4-0. SAR Conversion clock requirements are given in Table 5.1.
AD0SC = SYSCLK
---------------------- – 1
CLK SAR
Bit2:
Bits1-0:
AD0LJST: ADC0 Left Justify Select.
0: Data in ADC0H:ADC0L registers are right-justified.
1: Data in ADC0H:ADC0L registers are left-justified.
UNUSED. Read = 00b; Write = don’t care.
Figure 5.8. ADC0H: ADC0 Data Word MSB Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
00000000
0xBE
Bits7-0:
ADC0 Data Word High-Order Bits.
For AD0LJST = 0: Bits 7-2 are the sign extension of Bit1. Bits 1-0 are the upper 2 bits of the 10-bit
ADC0 Data Word.
For AD0LJST = 1: Bits 7-0 are the most-significant bits of the 10-bit ADC0 Data Word.
Rev. 1.1
47
C8051F320/1
Figure 5.9. ADC0L: ADC0 Data Word LSB Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xBD
Bits7-0:
48
ADC0 Data Word Low-Order Bits.
For AD0LJST = 0: Bits 7-0 are the lower 8 bits of the 10-bit Data Word.
For AD0LJST = 1: Bits 7-6 are the lower 2 bits of the 10-bit Data Word. Bits 5-0 will always read ‘0’.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 5.10. ADC0CN: ADC0 Control Register
R/W
R/W
AD0EN
AD0TM
Bit7
Bit6
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
AD0INT AD0BUSY AD0WINT AD0CM2
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
AD0CM1
AD0CM0
00000000
Bit0
SFR Address:
Bit1
(bit addressable)
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bits2-0:
0xE8
AD0EN: ADC0 Enable Bit.
0: ADC0 Disabled. ADC0 is in low-power shutdown.
1: ADC0 Enabled. ADC0 is active and ready for data conversions.
AD0TM: ADC0 Track Mode Bit.
0: Normal Track Mode: When ADC0 is enabled, tracking is continuous unless a conversion is in
progress.
1: Low-power Track Mode: Tracking Defined by AD0CM2-0 bits (see below).
AD0INT: ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt Flag.
0: ADC0 has not completed a data conversion since the last time AD0INT was cleared.
1: ADC0 has completed a data conversion.
AD0BUSY: ADC0 Busy Bit.
Read:
0: ADC0 conversion is complete or a conversion is not currently in progress. AD0INT is set to
logic 1 on the falling edge of AD0BUSY.
1: ADC0 conversion is in progress.
Write:
0: No Effect.
1: Initiates ADC0 Conversion if AD0CM2-0 = 000b
AD0WINT: ADC0 Window Compare Interrupt Flag.
0: ADC0 Window Comparison Data match has not occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: ADC0 Window Comparison Data match has occurred.
AD0CM2-0: ADC0 Start of Conversion Mode Select.
When AD0TM = 0:
000: ADC0 conversion initiated on every write of ‘1’ to AD0BUSY.
001: ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 0.
010: ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 2.
011: ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 1.
100: ADC0 conversion initiated on rising edge of external CNVSTR.
101: ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 3.
11x: Reserved.
When AD0TM = 1:
000: Tracking initiated on write of ‘1’ to AD0BUSY and lasts 3 SAR clocks, followed by conversion.
001: Tracking initiated on overflow of Timer 0 and lasts 3 SAR clocks, followed by conversion.
010: Tracking initiated on overflow of Timer 2 and lasts 3 SAR clocks, followed by conversion.
011: Tracking initiated on overflow of Timer 1 and lasts 3 SAR clocks, followed by conversion.
100: ADC0 tracks only when CNVSTR input is logic low; conversion starts on rising CNVSTR
edge.
101: Tracking initiated on overflow of Timer 3 and lasts 3 SAR clocks, followed by conversion.
11x: Reserved.
Rev. 1.1
49
C8051F320/1
5.4.
Programmable Window Detector
The ADC Programmable Window Detector continuously compares the ADC0 conversion results to user-programmed
limits, and notifies the system when a desired condition is detected. This is especially effective in an interrupt-driven
system, saving code space and CPU bandwidth while delivering faster system response times. The window detector
interrupt flag (AD0WINT in register ADC0CN) can also be used in polled mode. The ADC0 Greater-Than
(ADC0GTH, ADC0GTL) and Less-Than (ADC0LTH, ADC0LTL) registers hold the comparison values. The window
detector flag can be programmed to indicate when measured data is inside or outside of the user-programmed limits,
depending on the contents of the ADC0 Less-Than and ADC0 Greater-Than registers.
The Window Detector registers must be written with the same format (left/right justified, signed/unsigned) as that of
the current ADC configuration (left/right justified, single-ended/differential).
Figure 5.11. ADC0GTH: ADC0 Greater-Than Data High Byte Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
11111111
0xC4
Bits7-0: High byte of ADC0 Greater-Than Data Word.
Figure 5.12. ADC0GTL: ADC0 Greater-Than Data Low Byte Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
11111111
0xC3
Bits7-0: Low byte of ADC0 Greater-Than Data Word.
50
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 5.13. ADC0LTH: ADC0 Less-Than Data High Byte Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xC6
Bits7-0: High byte of ADC0 Less-Than Data Word.
Figure 5.14. ADC0LTL: ADC0 Less-Than Data Low Byte Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
00000000
0xC5
Bits7-0: Low byte of ADC0 Less-Than Data Word.
Rev. 1.1
51
C8051F320/1
5.4.1.
Window Detector In Single-Ended Mode
Figure 5.15 shows two example window comparisons for right-justified, single-ended data, with
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL = 0x0080 (128d) and ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL = 0x0040 (64d). In single-ended mode, the input
voltage can range from ‘0’ to VREF * (1023/1024) with respect to GND, and is represented by a 10-bit unsigned integer value. In the left example, an AD0WINT interrupt will be generated if the ADC0 conversion word
(ADC0H:ADC0L) is within the range defined by ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL and ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
(if 0x0040 < ADC0H:ADC0L < 0x0080). In the right example, and AD0WINT interrupt will be generated if the
ADC0 conversion word is outside of the range defined by the ADC0GT and ADC0LT registers
(if ADC0H:ADC0L < 0x0040 or ADC0H:ADC0L > 0x0080). Figure 5.16 shows an example using left-justified data
with equivalent ADC0GT and ADC0LT register settings..
Figure 5.15. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Single-Ended Data
ADC0H:ADC0L
ADC0H:ADC0L
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
VREF x (1023/1024)
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
0x03FF
VREF x (1023/1024)
0x03FF
AD0WINT
not affected
AD0WINT=1
0x0081
VREF x (128/1024)
0x0080
0x0081
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
VREF x (128/1024)
0x007F
0x0080
0x007F
AD0WINT=1
VREF x (64/1024)
0x0041
0x0040
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
VREF x (64/1024)
0x003F
0x0041
0x0040
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
AD0WINT
not affected
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
0x003F
AD0WINT=1
AD0WINT
not affected
0
0x0000
0
0x0000
Figure 5.16. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Single-Ended Data
ADC0H:ADC0L
ADC0H:ADC0L
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
VREF x (1023/1024)
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
0xFFC0
VREF x (1023/1024)
0xFFC0
AD0WINT
not affected
AD0WINT=1
0x2040
VREF x (128/1024)
0x2000
0x2040
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
VREF x (128/1024)
0x1FC0
0x2000
0x1FC0
AD0WINT=1
0x1040
VREF x (64/1024)
0x1000
0x1040
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
VREF x (64/1024)
0x0FC0
0x1000
52
AD0WINT
not affected
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
0x0FC0
AD0WINT=1
AD0WINT
not affected
0
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
0x0000
0
Rev. 1.1
0x0000
C8051F320/1
5.4.2.
Window Detector In Differential Mode
Figure 5.17 shows two example window comparisons for right-justified, differential data, with
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL = 0x0040 (+64d) and ADC0GTH:ADC0GTH = 0xFFFF (-1d). In differential mode, the measurable voltage between the input pins is between -VREF and VREF*(511/512). Output codes are represented as 10bit 2’s complement signed integers. In the left example, an AD0WINT interrupt will be generated if the ADC0 conversion word (ADC0H:ADC0L) is within the range defined by ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL and ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
(if 0xFFFF (-1d) < ADC0H:ADC0L < 0x0040 (64d)). In the right example, an AD0WINT interrupt will be generated
if the ADC0 conversion word is outside of the range defined by the ADC0GT and ADC0LT registers
(if ADC0H:ADC0L < 0xFFFF (-1d) or ADC0H:ADC0L > 0x0040 (+64d)). Figure 5.18 shows an example using
left-justified data with equivalent ADC0GT and ADC0LT register settings..
Figure 5.17. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Differential Data
ADC0H:ADC0L
ADC0H:ADC0L
Input Voltage
(Px.x - Px.x)
VREF x (511/512)
Input Voltage
(Px.x - Px.x)
0x01FF
VREF x (511/512)
0x01FF
AD0WINT
not affected
AD0WINT=1
0x0041
VREF x (64/512)
0x0040
0x0041
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
VREF x (64/512)
0x003F
0x0040
0x003F
AD0WINT=1
0x0000
VREF x (-1/512)
0xFFFF
0x0000
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
VREF x (-1/512)
0xFFFE
0xFFFF
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
AD0WINT
not affected
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
0xFFFE
AD0WINT=1
AD0WINT
not affected
-VREF
0x0200
-VREF
0x0200
Figure 5.18. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Differential Data
ADC0H:ADC0L
ADC0H:ADC0L
Input Voltage
(Px.x - Px.x)
VREF x (511/512)
Input Voltage
(Px.x - Px.y)
0x7FC0
VREF x (511/512)
0x7FC0
AD0WINT
not affected
AD0WINT=1
0x1040
VREF x (64/512)
0x1000
0x1040
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
VREF x (64/512)
0x0FC0
0x1000
0x0FC0
AD0WINT=1
0x0000
VREF x (-1/512)
0xFFC0
0x0000
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
VREF x (-1/512)
0xFF80
0xFFC0
0x8000
AD0WINT
not affected
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
0xFF80
AD0WINT=1
AD0WINT
not affected
-VREF
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
-VREF
Rev. 1.1
0x8000
53
C8051F320/1
Table 5.1. ADC0 Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 3.0 V, VREF = 2.40 V, -40°C to +85°C unless otherwise specified
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
DC ACCURACY
Resolution
10
Integral Nonlinearity
Differential Nonlinearity
Guaranteed Monotonic
bits
±0.5
±1
LSB
±0.5
±1
LSB
Offset Error
0
LSB
Full Scale Error
-1
LSB
Offset Temperature Coefficient
10
ppm/°C
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (10 kHz sine-wave Single-ended input, 1 dB below Full Scale, 200 ksps)
Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion
Total Harmonic Distortion
53
Up to the 5th harmonic
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
55.5
dB
-67
dB
78
dB
CONVERSION RATE
SAR Conversion Clock
3
MHz
Conversion Time in SAR Clocks
10
clocks
Track/Hold Acquisition Time
300
ns
Throughput Rate
200
ksps
0
-VREF
VREF
VREF
V
V
0
VDD
V
ANALOG INPUTS
ADC Input Voltage Range
Single Ended (AIN+ - GND)
Differential (AIN+ - AIN-)
Absolute Pin Voltage with respect to
Single Ended or Differential
GND
Input Capacitance
5
pF
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Linearity
Note 1
±0.1
°C
Gain
Note 2
2.86
mV / °C
Offset
Notes 1, 2 (Temp = 0 °C)
0.776
±8.5
mV
Operating Mode, 200 ksps
400
POWER SPECIFICATIONS
Power Supply Current (VDD supplied to ADC0)
Power Supply Rejection
±0.3
Note 1: Includes ADC offset, gain, and linearity variations.
Note 2: Represents one standard deviation from the mean.
54
Rev. 1.1
900
µA
mV/V
C8051F320/1
6.
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
The Voltage reference MUX on C8051F320/1 devices is configurable to use an externally connected voltage reference, the internal reference voltage generator, or the power supply voltage VDD (see Figure 6.1). The REFSL bit in
the Reference Control register (REF0CN) selects the reference source. For the internal reference or an external
source, REFSL should be set to ‘0’; For VDD as the reference source, REFSL should be set to ‘1’.
The BIASE bit enables the internal ADC bias generator, which is used by the ADC and Internal Oscillator. This
enable is forced to logic 1 when either of the aforementioned peripherals is enabled. The ADC bias generator may be
enabled manually by writing a ‘1’ to the BIASE bit in register REF0CN; see Figure 6.2 for REF0CN register details.
The Reference bias generator (see Figure 6.1) is used by the Internal Voltage Reference, Temperature Sensor, and
Clock Multiplier. The Reference bias is automatically enabled when any of the aforementioned peripherals are
enabled. The electrical specifications for the voltage reference and bias circuits are given in Table 6.1.
Important Note About the VREF Input: Port pin P0.7 is used as the external VREF input. When using an external
voltage reference, P0.7 should be configured as analog input and skipped by the Digital Crossbar. To configure P0.7
as analog input, set to ‘0’ Bit7 in register P0MDIN. To configure the Crossbar to skip P0.7, set to ‘1’ Bit7 in register
P0SKIP. Refer to Section “14. Port Input/Output” on page 127 for complete Port I/O configuration details.
The temperature sensor connects to the ADC0 positive input multiplexer (see Section “5.1. Analog Multiplexer” on
page 40 for details). The TEMPE bit in register REF0CN enables/disables the temperature sensor. While disabled,
the temperature sensor defaults to a high impedance state and any ADC0 measurements performed on the sensor
result in meaningless data.
Figure 6.1. Voltage Reference Functional Block Diagram
REFSL
TEMPE
BIASE
REFBE
REF0CN
AD0EN
EN
ADC Bias
To ADC,
Internal Oscillator
IOSCEN
VDD
R1
External
Voltage
Reference
Circuit
EN
VREF
Temp Sensor
To Analog Mux
0
VREF
(to ADC)
GND
VDD
1
CLKMUL
Enable
EN
TEMPE
Reference
Bias
To Clock Multiplier,
Temp Sensor
REFBE
EN
Internal
Reference
Rev. 1.1
55
C8051F320/1
Figure 6.2. REF0CN: Reference Control Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
-
-
REFSL
TEMPE
BIASE
REFBE
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xD1
Bits7-3:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
UNUSED. Read = 00000b; Write = don’t care.
REFSL: Voltage Reference Select.
This bit selects the source for the internal voltage reference.
0: VREF pin used as voltage reference.
1: VDD used as voltage reference.
TEMPE: Temperature Sensor Enable Bit.
0: Internal Temperature Sensor off.
1: Internal Temperature Sensor on.
BIASE: Internal Analog Bias Generator Enable Bit.
0: Internal Bias Generator off.
1: Internal Bias Generator on.
REFBE: Internal Reference Buffer Enable Bit.
0: Internal Reference Buffer disabled.
1: Internal Reference Buffer enabled. Internal voltage reference driven on the VREF pin.
Table 6.1. Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 3.0 V; -40°C TO +85°C UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
2.38
2.44
2.50
V
10
mA
INTERNAL REFERENCE (REFBE = 1)
Output Voltage
25°C ambient
VREF Short-Circuit Current
VREF Temperature Coefficient
15
ppm/°C
1.5
ppm/µA
Load Regulation
Load = 0 to 200 µA to GND
VREF Turn-on Time 1
4.7µF tantalum, 0.1µF ceramic bypass
2
ms
VREF Turn-on Time 2
0.1µF ceramic bypass
20
µs
VREF Turn-on Time 3
no bypass cap
10
µs
140
ppm/V
Power Supply Rejection
EXTERNAL REFERENCE (REFBE = 0)
Input Voltage Range
Input Current
0
VDD
V
Sample Rate = 200 ksps; VREF = 3.0 V
12
µA
BIASE = ‘1’
100
µA
40
µA
BIAS GENERATORS
ADC Bias Generator
Reference Bias Generator
56
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
7.
COMPARATORS
C8051F320/1 devices include two on-chip programmable voltage Comparators: Comparator0 is shown in Figure 7.1;
Comparator1 is shown in Figure 7.2. The two Comparators operate identically with the following exceptions: (1)
Their input selections differ as shown in Figure 7.1 and Figure 7.2; (2) Comparator0 can be used as a reset source.
Each Comparator offers programmable response time and hysteresis, an analog input multiplexer, and two outputs
that are optionally available at the Port pins: a synchronous “latched” output (CP0, CP1), or an asynchronous “raw”
output (CP0A, CP1A). The asynchronous signal is available even when the system clock is not active. This allows the
Comparators to operate and generate an output with the device in STOP mode. When assigned to a Port pin, the Comparator outputs may be configured as open drain or push-pull (see Section “14.2. Port I/O Initialization” on
page 131). Comparator0 may also be used as a reset source (see Section “10.5. Comparator0 Reset” on page 102).
The Comparator0 inputs are selected in the CPT0MX register (Figure 7.5). The CMX0P1-CMX0P0 bits select the
Comparator0 positive input; the CMX0N1-CMX0N0 bits select the Comparator0 negative input. The Comparator1
inputs are selected in the CPT1MX register (Figure 7.8). The CMX1P1-CMX1P0 bits select the Comparator1 positive input; the CMX1N1-CMX1N0 bits select the Comparator1 negative input.
Important Note About Comparator Inputs: The Port pins selected as Comparator inputs should be configured as
analog inputs in their associated Port configuration register, and configured to be skipped by the Crossbar (for details
on Port configuration, see Section “14.3. General Purpose Port I/O” on page 134).
CPT0CN
CMX0N1
CMX0N0
CMX0P1
CMX0P0
CP0EN
CP0OUT
CP0RIF
CP0FIF
VDD
CP0HYP1
CP0HYP0
CP0HYN1
CP0HYN0
CP0
Interrupt
CP0
Rising-edge
P1.0
CP0
Falling-edge
P1.4
P2.0
CP0 +
Interrupt
Logic
P2.4
+
D
P1.5
Q
Q
D
SET
CLR
CP0RIE
CP0FIE
CP0
Q
Q
Crossbar
(SYNCHRONIZER)
GND
CP0 -
P2.1
CP0A
Reset
Decision
Tree
P2.5
Note: P2.4 and P2.5 available
only on C8051F320
SET
CLR
P1.1
CPT0MD
CPT0MX
Figure 7.1. Comparator0 Functional Block Diagram
CP0RIE
CP0FIE
CP0MD1
CP0MD0
Rev. 1.1
57
C8051F320/1
Comparator outputs can be polled in software, used as an interrupt source, and/or routed to a Port pin. When routed to
a Port pin, Comparator outputs are available asynchronous or synchronous to the system clock; the asynchronous output is available even in STOP mode (with no system clock active). When disabled, the Comparator output (if
assigned to a Port I/O pin via the Crossbar) defaults to the logic low state, and supply current falls to less than
100 nA. See Section “14.1. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 129 for details on configuring Comparator outputs
via the digital Crossbar. Comparator inputs can be externally driven from -0.25 V to (VDD) + 0.25 V without damage
or upset. The complete Comparator electrical specifications are given in Table 7.1.
Comparator response time may be configured in software via the CPTnMD registers (see Figure 7.6 and Figure 7.9).
Selecting a longer response time reduces the Comparator supply current. See Table 7.1 for complete timing and supply current specifications.
CPT1CN
CPT1MX
Figure 7.2. Comparator1 Functional Block Diagram
CMX1N1
CMX1N0
CMX1P1
CMX1P0
CP1EN
CP1OUT
CP1RIF
CP1FIF
VDD
CP1HYP1
CP1HYP0
CP1HYN1
CP1HYN0
CP1
Interrupt
CP1
Rising-edge
P1.2
CP1
Falling-edge
P1.6
P2.2
CP1 +
Interrupt
Logic
P2.6
CP1
+
D
-
Q
D
SET
CLR
Q
Q
Crossbar
CP1 -
GND
CPT1MD
P2.7
CP1RIE
CP1FIE
CP1MD1
CP1MD0
58
Q
(SYNCHRONIZER)
P2.3
Note: P2.6 and P2.7 available
only on C8051F320
SET
CLR
P1.3
P1.7
CP1RIE
CP1FIE
Rev. 1.1
CP1A
C8051F320/1
Figure 7.3. Comparator Hysteresis Plot
VIN+
VIN-
CP0+
CP0-
+
CP0
_
OUT
CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION
Positive Hysteresis Voltage
(Programmed with CP0HYP Bits)
VIN-
INPUTS
Negative Hysteresis Voltage
(Programmed by CP0HYN Bits)
VIN+
VOH
OUTPUT
VOL
Negative Hysteresis
Disabled
Positive Hysteresis
Disabled
Maximum
Negative Hysteresis
Maximum
Positive Hysteresis
Comparator hysteresis is programmed using Bits3-0 in the Comparator Control Register CPTnCN (shown in
Figure 7.4 and Figure 7.7). The amount of negative hysteresis voltage is determined by the settings of the CPnHYN
bits. As shown in Figure 7.3, settings of 20, 10 or 5 mV of negative hysteresis can be programmed, or negative
hysteresis can be disabled. In a similar way, the amount of positive hysteresis is determined by the setting the
CPnHYP bits.
Comparator interrupts can be generated on both rising-edge and falling-edge output transitions. (For Interrupt enable
and priority control, see Section “8.3. Interrupt Handler” on page 58.) The CPnFIF flag is set to ‘1’ upon a Comparator falling-edge, and the CPnRIF flag is set to ‘1’ upon the Comparator rising-edge. Once set, these bits remain
set until cleared by software. The output state of the Comparator can be obtained at any time by reading the CPnOUT
bit. The Comparator is enabled by setting the CPnEN bit to ‘1’, and is disabled by clearing this bit to ‘0’.
Rev. 1.1
59
C8051F320/1
Figure 7.4. CPT0CN: Comparator0 Control Register
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
CP0EN
CP0OUT
CP0RIF
CP0FIF
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
CP0HYP1 CP0HYP0 CP0HYN1 CP0HYN0 00000000
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x9B
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bits3-2:
Bits1-0:
60
CP0EN: Comparator0 Enable Bit.
0: Comparator0 Disabled.
1: Comparator0 Enabled.
CP0OUT: Comparator0 Output State Flag.
0: Voltage on CP0+ < CP0-.
1: Voltage on CP0+ > CP0-.
CP0RIF: Comparator0 Rising-Edge Flag.
0: No Comparator0 Rising Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator0 Rising Edge has occurred.
CP0FIF: Comparator0 Falling-Edge Flag.
0: No Comparator0 Falling-Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator0 Falling-Edge Interrupt has occurred.
CP0HYP1-0: Comparator0 Positive Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Positive Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Positive Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Positive Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Positive Hysteresis = 20 mV.
CP0HYN1-0: Comparator0 Negative Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Negative Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Negative Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Negative Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Negative Hysteresis = 20 mV.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 7.5. CPT0MX: Comparator0 MUX Selection Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
CMX0N1
CMX0N0
-
-
CMX0P1
CMX0P0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x9F
Bits7-6:
Bits5-4:
UNUSED. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care.
CMX0N1-CMX0N0: Comparator0 Negative Input MUX Select.
These bits select which Port pin is used as the Comparator0 negative input.
CMX0N1 CMX0N0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
Bits3-2:
Bits1-0:
Negative Input
P1.1
P1.5
P2.1
P2.5†
UNUSED. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care.
CMX0P1-CMX0P0: Comparator0 Positive Input MUX Select.
These bits select which Port pin is used as the Comparator0 positive input.
CMX0P1 CMX0P0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
Positive Input
P1.0
P1.4
P2.0
P2.4†
†
Note: P2.4 and P2.5 available only on C8051F320 devices; selection reserved on C8051F321
devices.
Rev. 1.1
61
C8051F320/1
Figure 7.6. CPT0MD: Comparator0 Mode Selection Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
CP0RIE
CP0FIE
-
-
CP0MD1
CP0MD0
00000010
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x9D
Bits7-6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bits3-2:
Bits1-0:
UNUSED. Read = 00b. Write = don’t care.
CP0RIE: Comparator0 Rising-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator0 rising-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator0 rising-edge interrupt enabled.
CP0FIE: Comparator0 Falling-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator0 falling-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator0 falling-edge interrupt enabled.
UNUSED. Read = 00b. Write = don’t care.
CP0MD1-CP0MD0: Comparator0 Mode Select
These bits select the response time for Comparator0.
Mode
0
1
2
3
62
CP0MD1
0
0
1
1
CP0MD0 CP0 Response Time (TYP)
0
100 ns
1
175 ns
0
320 ns
1
1050 ns
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 7.7. CPT1CN: Comparator1 Control Register
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
CP1EN
CP1OUT
CP1RIF
CP1FIF
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
CP1HYP1 CP1HYP0 CP1HYN1 CP1HYN0 00000000
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x9A
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bits3-2:
Bits1-0:
CP1EN: Comparator1 Enable Bit.
0: Comparator1 Disabled.
1: Comparator1 Enabled.
CP1OUT: Comparator1 Output State Flag.
0: Voltage on CP1+ < CP1-.
1: Voltage on CP1+ > CP1-.
CP1RIF: Comparator1 Rising-Edge Flag.
0: No Comparator1 Rising Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator1 Rising Edge has occurred.
CP1FIF: Comparator1 Falling-Edge Flag.
0: No Comparator1 Falling-Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator1 Falling-Edge has occurred.
CP1HYP1-0: Comparator1 Positive Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Positive Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Positive Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Positive Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Positive Hysteresis = 20 mV.
CP1HYN1-0: Comparator1 Negative Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Negative Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Negative Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Negative Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Negative Hysteresis = 20 mV.
Rev. 1.1
63
C8051F320/1
Figure 7.8. CPT1MX: Comparator1 MUX Selection Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
CMX1N1
CMX1N0
-
-
CMX1P1
CMX1P0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x9E
Bits7-6:
Bits5-4:
UNUSED. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care.
CMX1N1-CMX1N0: Comparator1 Negative Input MUX Select.
These bits select which Port pin is used as the Comparator1 negative input.
CMX1N1 CMX1N0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
Bits3-2:
Bits1-0:
Negative Input
P1.3
P1.7
P2.3
P2.7†
UNUSED. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care.
CMX1P1-CMX1P0: Comparator1 Positive Input MUX Select.
These bits select which Port pin is used as the Comparator1 positive input.
CMX1P1 CMX1P0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
Positive Input
P1.2
P1.6
P2.2
P2.6†
†
Note: P2.6 and P2.7 available only on C8051F320 devices; selection reserved on C8051F321 devices.
64
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 7.9. CPT1MD: Comparator1 Mode Selection Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
CP1RIE
CP1FIE
-
-
CP1MD1
CP1MD0
00000010
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x9C
Bits7-6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bits1-0:
UNUSED. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care.
CP1RIE: Comparator1 Rising-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator1 rising-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator1 rising-edge interrupt enabled.
CP1FIE: Comparator1 Falling-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator1 falling-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator1 falling-edge interrupt enabled.
CP1MD1-CP1MD0: Comparator1 Mode Select.
These bits select the response time for Comparator1.
Mode
0
1
2
3
CP1MD1
0
0
1
1
CP1MD0 CP1 Response Time (TYP)
0
100 ns
1
175 ns
0
320 ns
1
1050 ns
Rev. 1.1
65
C8051F320/1
Table 7.1. Comparator Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 3.0 V, -40°C to +85°C unless otherwise noted.
All specifications apply to both Comparator0 and Comparator1 unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Response Time:
Mode 0, Vcm† = 1.5 V
CP0+ - CP0- = 100 mV
100
ns
CP0+ - CP0- = -100 mV
250
ns
Response Time:
Mode 1, Vcm† = 1.5 V
CP0+ - CP0- = 100 mV
175
ns
CP0+ - CP0- = -100 mV
500
ns
Response Time:
Mode 2, Vcm† = 1.5 V
CP0+ - CP0- = 100 mV
320
ns
CP0+ - CP0- = -100 mV
1100
ns
Response Time:
Mode 3, Vcm† = 1.5 V
CP0+ - CP0- = 100 mV
1050
ns
CP0+ - CP0- = -100 mV
5200
ns
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
1.5
4
mV/V
0
1
mV
Positive Hysteresis 1
CP0HYP1-0 = 00
Positive Hysteresis 2
CP0HYP1-0 = 01
2
5
10
mV
Positive Hysteresis 3
CP0HYP1-0 = 10
7
10
20
mV
Positive Hysteresis 4
CP0HYP1-0 = 11
15
20
30
mV
Negative Hysteresis 1
CP0HYN1-0 = 00
0
1
mV
Negative Hysteresis 2
CP0HYN1-0 = 01
2
5
10
mV
Negative Hysteresis 3
CP0HYN1-0 = 10
7
10
20
mV
Negative Hysteresis 4
CP0HYN1-0 = 11
15
20
30
mV
VDD +
0.25
V
Inverting or Non-Inverting Input
Voltage Range
-0.25
Input Capacitance
3
pF
Input Bias Current
0.001
nA
Input Offset Voltage
-5
+5
mV
POWER SUPPLY
Power Supply Rejection
0.1
mV/V
Power-up Time
10
µs
Mode 0
7.6
µA
Mode 1
3.2
µA
Mode 2
1.3
µA
Mode 3
0.4
µA
Supply Current at DC
†
Vcm is the common-mode voltage on CP0+ and CP0-.
66
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
8.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (REG0)
C8051F320/1 devices include a 5 V-to-3 V voltage regulator (REG0). When enabled, the REG0 output appears on
the VDD pin and can be used to power external devices. REG0 can be enabled/disabled by software using bit
REGEN in register REG0CN. See Table 8.1 for REG0 electrical characteristics.
Note that the VBUS signal must be connected to the VBUS pin when using the device in a USB network. The VBUS
signal should only be connected to the REGIN pin when operating the device as a bus-powered function. REG0 configuration options are shown in Figure 8.1 - Figure 8.4.
Rev. 1.1
67
C8051F320/1
8.1.
Regulator Mode Selection
REG0 offers a low power mode intended for use when the device is in suspend mode. In this low power mode, the
REG0 output remains as specified; however the REG0 dynamic performance (response time) is degraded. See
Table 8.1 for normal and low power mode supply current specifications. The REG0 mode selection is controlled via
the REGMOD bit in register REG0CN.
68
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
8.2.
VBUS Detection
When the USB Function Controller is used (see section Section “15. Universal Serial Bus Controller (USB0)” on
page 143), the VBUS signal should be connected to the VBUS pin. The VBSTAT bit (register REG0CN) indicates
the current logic level of the VBUS signal. If enabled, a VBUS interrupt will be generated when the VBUS signal
matches the polarity selected by the VBPOL bit in register REG0CN. The VBUS interrupt is level-sensitive, and has
no associated interrupt pending flag. The VBUS interrupt will be active as long as the VBUS signal matches the
polarity selected by VBPOL. See Table 8.1 for VBUS input parameters.
Important Note: When USB is selected as a reset source, a system reset will be generated when the VBUS signal
matches the polarity selected by the VBPOL bit. See Section “10. Reset Sources” on page 99 for details on selecting
USB as a reset source.
Table 8.1. Voltage Regulator Electrical Specifications
VDD = 3.0 V; -40°C to +85°C unless otherwise specified
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
Input Voltage Range
Output Voltage
TYP
4.0
Output Current = 1 to 100 mA
VBUS Detection Input Threshold
Bias Current
MIN
Normal Mode (REGMOD = ‘0’)
Low Power Mode (REGMOD = ‘1’)
Rev. 1.1
MAX UNITS
5.25
V
3.0
3.3
3.6
V
1.0
1.8
4.0
V
90
60
TBD
TBD
µA
69
C8051F320/1
Figure 8.1. REG0 Configuration: USB Bus-Powered
C8051F320/1
VBUS
VBUS Sense
From VBUS
REGIN
5V In
Voltage Regulator (REG0)
3V Out
To 3V
Power Net
Device
Power Net
VDD
Figure 8.2. REG0 Configuration: USB Self-Powered
C8051F320/1
From VBUS
VBUS
VBUS Sense
From 5V
Power Net
REGIN
5V In
Voltage Regulator (REG0)
3V Out
To 3V
Power Net
70
Device
Power Net
VDD
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 8.3. REG0 Configuration: USB Self-Powered, Regulator Disabled
C8051F320/1
From VBUS
VBUS
VBUS Sense
REGIN
5V In
Voltage Regulator (REG0)
3V Out
From 3V
Power Net
Device
Power Net
VDD
Figure 8.4. REG0 Configuration: No USB Connection
C8051F320/1
VBUS
VBUS Sense
From 5V
Power Net
REGIN
5V In
Voltage Regulator (REG0)
3V Out
To 3V
Power Net
Device
Power Net
VDD
Rev. 1.1
71
C8051F320/1
Figure 8.5. REG0CN: Voltage Regulator Control
R/W
R
R/W
REGDIS
VBSTAT
VBPOL
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
R/W
R/W
REGMOD Reserved
Bit4
Bit3
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
00000000
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xC9
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bits3-0:
72
REGDIS: Voltage Regulator Disable.
0: Voltage Regulator Enabled.
1: Voltage Regulator Disabled.
VBSTAT: VBUS Signal Status.
0: VBUS signal currently absent (device not attached to USB network).
1: VBUS signal currently preset (device attached to USB network).
VBPOL: VBUS Interrupt Polarity Select.
This bit selects the VBUS interrupt polarity.
0: VBUS interrupt active when VBUS is low.
1: VBUS interrupt active when VBUS is high.
REGMOD: Voltage Regulator Mode Select.
This bit selects the Voltage Regulator mode. When REGMOD is set to ‘1’, the voltage regulator operates in low power (suspend) mode.
0: USB0 Voltage Regulator in normal mode.
1: USB0 Voltage Regulator in low power mode.
Reserved. Read = 0000b. Must Write = 0000b.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
9.
CIP-51 MICROCONTROLLER
The MCU system controller core is the CIP-51 microcontroller. The CIP-51 is fully compatible with the MCS-51™
instruction set; standard 803x/805x assemblers and compilers can be used to develop software. The MCU family has
a superset of all the peripherals included with a standard 8051. Included are four 16-bit counter/timers (see description in Section 19), an enhanced full-duplex UART (see description in Section 17), an Enhanced SPI (see description
in Section 18), 256 bytes of internal RAM, 128 byte Special Function Register (SFR) address space (Section 9.2.6),
and 25 Port I/O (see description in Section 14). The CIP-51 also includes on-chip debug hardware (see description in
Section 21), and interfaces directly with the analog and digital subsystems providing a complete data acquisition or
control-system solution in a single integrated circuit.
The CIP-51 Microcontroller core implements the standard 8051 organization and peripherals as well as additional
custom peripherals and functions to extend its capability (see Figure 9.1 for a block diagram). The CIP-51 includes
the following features:
-
Fully Compatible with MCS-51 Instruction Set
25 MIPS Peak Throughput with 25 MHz Clock
0 to 25 MHz Clock Frequency
256 Bytes of Internal RAM
25 Port I/O
Extended Interrupt Handler
Reset Input
Power Management Modes
On-chip Debug Logic
Program and Data Memory Security
Figure 9.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram
D8
TMP2
B REGISTER
STACK POINTER
SRAM
ADDRESS
REGISTER
PSW
D8
D8
D8
ALU
SRAM
(256 X 8)
D8
D8
TMP1
ACCUMULATOR
D8
D8
D8
DATA BUS
DATA BUS
DATA BUS
SFR_ADDRESS
BUFFER
D8
DATA POINTER
D8
D8
SFR
BUS
INTERFACE
SFR_CONTROL
SFR_WRITE_DATA
SFR_READ_DATA
PC INCREMENTER
DATA BUS
-
PROGRAM COUNTER (PC)
PRGM. ADDRESS REG.
PIPELINE
RESET
MEM_CONTROL
A16
MEMORY
INTERFACE
MEM_READ_DATA
CONTROL
LOGIC
SYSTEM_IRQs
D8
STOP
POWER CONTROL
REGISTER
MEM_WRITE_DATA
D8
CLOCK
IDLE
MEM_ADDRESS
D8
INTERRUPT
INTERFACE
EMULATION_IRQ
D8
Rev. 1.1
73
C8051F320/1
Performance
The CIP-51 employs a pipelined architecture that greatly increases its instruction throughput over the standard 8051
architecture. In a standard 8051, all instructions except for MUL and DIV take 12 or 24 system clock cycles to execute, and usually have a maximum system clock of 12 MHz. By contrast, the CIP-51 core executes 70% of its instructions in one or two system clock cycles, with no instructions taking more than eight system clock cycles.
With the CIP-51's maximum system clock at 25 MHz, it has a peak throughput of 25 MIPS. The CIP-51 has a total of
109 instructions. The table below shows the total number of instructions that for execution time.
Clocks to Execute
1
2
2/3
3
3/4
4
4/5
5
8
Number of Instructions
26
50
5
14
7
3
1
2
1
Programming and Debugging Support
In-system programming of the FLASH program memory and communication with on-chip debug support logic is
accomplished via the Silicon Labs 2-Wire Development Interface (C2). Note that the re-programmable FLASH can
also be read and changed a single byte at a time by the application software using the MOVC and MOVX instructions. This feature allows program memory to be used for non-volatile data storage as well as updating program code
under software control.
The on-chip debug support logic facilitates full speed in-circuit debugging, allowing the setting of hardware breakpoints, starting, stopping and single stepping through program execution (including interrupt service routines), examination of the program's call stack, and reading/writing the contents of registers and memory. This method of on-chip
debugging is completely non-intrusive, requiring no RAM, Stack, timers, or other on-chip resources. C2 details can
be found in Section “21. C2 Interface” on page 253.
The CIP-51 is supported by development tools from Silicon Labs and third party vendors. Silicon Labs provides an
integrated development environment (IDE) including editor, macro assembler, debugger and programmer. The IDE's
debugger and programmer interface to the CIP-51 via the C2 interface to provide fast and efficient in-system device
programming and debugging. Third party macro assemblers and C compilers are also available.
74
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
9.1.
Instruction Set
The instruction set of the CIP-51 System Controller is fully compatible with the standard MCS-51™ instruction set.
Standard 8051 development tools can be used to develop software for the CIP-51. All CIP-51 instructions are the
binary and functional equivalent of their MCS-51™ counterparts, including opcodes, addressing modes and effect on
PSW flags. However, instruction timing is different than that of the standard 8051.
9.1.1.
Instruction and CPU Timing
In many 8051 implementations, a distinction is made between machine cycles and clock cycles, with machine cycles
varying from 2 to 12 clock cycles in length. However, the CIP-51 implementation is based solely on clock cycle timing. All instruction timings are specified in terms of clock cycles.
Due to the pipelined architecture of the CIP-51, most instructions execute in the same number of clock cycles as there
are program bytes in the instruction. Conditional branch instructions take one less clock cycle to complete when the
branch is not taken as opposed to when the branch is taken. Table 9.1 is the CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary, which
includes the mnemonic, number of bytes, and number of clock cycles for each instruction.
9.1.2.
MOVX Instruction and Program Memory
The MOVX instruction is typically used to access external data memory (Note: the C8051F320/1 does not support
off-chip data or program memory). In the CIP-51, the MOVX write instruction is used to accesses external RAM
(XRAM) and the on-chip program memory space implemented as re-programmable FLASH memory. The FLASH
access feature provides a mechanism for the CIP-51 to update program code and use the program memory space for
non-volatile data storage. Refer to Section “11. FLASH Memory” on page 107 for further details.
Table 9.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary
Mnemonic
Description
ADD A, Rn
ADD A, direct
ADD A, @Ri
ADD A, #data
ADDC A, Rn
ADDC A, direct
ADDC A, @Ri
ADDC A, #data
SUBB A, Rn
SUBB A, direct
SUBB A, @Ri
SUBB A, #data
INC A
INC Rn
INC direct
INC @Ri
DEC A
DEC Rn
DEC direct
DEC @Ri
INC DPTR
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
Add register to A
Add direct byte to A
Add indirect RAM to A
Add immediate to A
Add register to A with carry
Add direct byte to A with carry
Add indirect RAM to A with carry
Add immediate to A with carry
Subtract register from A with borrow
Subtract direct byte from A with borrow
Subtract indirect RAM from A with borrow
Subtract immediate from A with borrow
Increment A
Increment register
Increment direct byte
Increment indirect RAM
Decrement A
Decrement register
Decrement direct byte
Decrement indirect RAM
Increment Data Pointer
Rev. 1.1
Bytes
Clock
Cycles
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
75
C8051F320/1
Table 9.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary
Mnemonic
Description
MUL AB
DIV AB
DA A
Multiply A and B
Divide A by B
Decimal adjust A
LOGICAL OPERATIONS
AND Register to A
AND direct byte to A
AND indirect RAM to A
AND immediate to A
AND A to direct byte
AND immediate to direct byte
OR Register to A
OR direct byte to A
OR indirect RAM to A
OR immediate to A
OR A to direct byte
OR immediate to direct byte
Exclusive-OR Register to A
Exclusive-OR direct byte to A
Exclusive-OR indirect RAM to A
Exclusive-OR immediate to A
Exclusive-OR A to direct byte
Exclusive-OR immediate to direct byte
Clear A
Complement A
Rotate A left
Rotate A left through Carry
Rotate A right
Rotate A right through Carry
Swap nibbles of A
DATA TRANSFER
Move Register to A
Move direct byte to A
Move indirect RAM to A
Move immediate to A
Move A to Register
Move direct byte to Register
Move immediate to Register
Move A to direct byte
Move Register to direct byte
Move direct byte to direct byte
Move indirect RAM to direct byte
Move immediate to direct byte
Move A to indirect RAM
Move direct byte to indirect RAM
Move immediate to indirect RAM
ANL A, Rn
ANL A, direct
ANL A, @Ri
ANL A, #data
ANL direct, A
ANL direct, #data
ORL A, Rn
ORL A, direct
ORL A, @Ri
ORL A, #data
ORL direct, A
ORL direct, #data
XRL A, Rn
XRL A, direct
XRL A, @Ri
XRL A, #data
XRL direct, A
XRL direct, #data
CLR A
CPL A
RL A
RLC A
RR A
RRC A
SWAP A
MOV A, Rn
MOV A, direct
MOV A, @Ri
MOV A, #data
MOV Rn, A
MOV Rn, direct
MOV Rn, #data
MOV direct, A
MOV direct, Rn
MOV direct, direct
MOV direct, @Ri
MOV direct, #data
MOV @Ri, A
MOV @Ri, direct
MOV @Ri, #data
76
1
1
1
Clock
Cycles
4
8
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
Bytes
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Table 9.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary
Mnemonic
Description
MOV DPTR, #data16
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
MOVC A, @A+PC
MOVX A, @Ri
MOVX @Ri, A
MOVX A, @DPTR
MOVX @DPTR, A
PUSH direct
POP direct
XCH A, Rn
XCH A, direct
XCH A, @Ri
XCHD A, @Ri
Load DPTR with 16-bit constant
Move code byte relative DPTR to A
Move code byte relative PC to A
Move external data (8-bit address) to A
Move A to external data (8-bit address)
Move external data (16-bit address) to A
Move A to external data (16-bit address)
Push direct byte onto stack
Pop direct byte from stack
Exchange Register with A
Exchange direct byte with A
Exchange indirect RAM with A
Exchange low nibble of indirect RAM with A
BOOLEAN MANIPULATION
Clear Carry
Clear direct bit
Set Carry
Set direct bit
Complement Carry
Complement direct bit
AND direct bit to Carry
AND complement of direct bit to Carry
OR direct bit to carry
OR complement of direct bit to Carry
Move direct bit to Carry
Move Carry to direct bit
Jump if Carry is set
Jump if Carry is not set
Jump if direct bit is set
Jump if direct bit is not set
Jump if direct bit is set and clear bit
PROGRAM BRANCHING
Absolute subroutine call
Long subroutine call
Return from subroutine
Return from interrupt
Absolute jump
Long jump
Short jump (relative address)
Jump indirect relative to DPTR
Jump if A equals zero
Jump if A does not equal zero
Compare direct byte to A and jump if not equal
Compare immediate to A and jump if not equal
Compare immediate to Register and jump if not equal
CLR C
CLR bit
SETB C
SETB bit
CPL C
CPL bit
ANL C, bit
ANL C, /bit
ORL C, bit
ORL C, /bit
MOV C, bit
MOV bit, C
JC rel
JNC rel
JB bit, rel
JNB bit, rel
JBC bit, rel
ACALL addr11
LCALL addr16
RET
RETI
AJMP addr11
LJMP addr16
SJMP rel
JMP @A+DPTR
JZ rel
JNZ rel
CJNE A, direct, rel
CJNE A, #data, rel
CJNE Rn, #data, rel
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
Clock
Cycles
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2/3
2/3
3/4
3/4
3/4
2
3
1
1
2
3
2
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
3
4
3
3
2/3
2/3
3/4
3/4
3/4
Bytes
Rev. 1.1
77
C8051F320/1
Table 9.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes
CJNE @Ri, #data, rel
DJNZ Rn, rel
DJNZ direct, rel
NOP
Compare immediate to indirect and jump if not equal
Decrement Register and jump if not zero
Decrement direct byte and jump if not zero
No operation
3
2
3
1
Clock
Cycles
4/5
2/3
3/4
1
Notes on Registers, Operands and Addressing Modes:
Rn - Register R0-R7 of the currently selected register bank.
@Ri - Data RAM location addressed indirectly through R0 or R1.
rel - 8-bit, signed (two’s complement) offset relative to the first byte of the following instruction. Used by SJMP
and all conditional jumps.
direct - 8-bit internal data location’s address. This could be a direct-access Data RAM location (0x00-0x7F) or an
SFR (0x80-0xFF).
#data - 8-bit constant
#data16 - 16-bit constant
bit - Direct-accessed bit in Data RAM or SFR
addr11 - 11-bit destination address used by ACALL and AJMP. The destination must be within the same 2K-byte
page of program memory as the first byte of the following instruction.
addr16 - 16-bit destination address used by LCALL and LJMP. The destination may be anywhere within the 8Kbyte program memory space.
There is one unused opcode (0xA5) that performs the same function as NOP.
All mnemonics copyrighted © Intel Corporation 1980.
78
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
9.2.
Memory Organization
The memory organization of the CIP-51 System Controller is similar to that of a standard 8051. There are two separate memory spaces: program memory and data memory. Program and data memory share the same address space but
are accessed via different instruction types. The CIP-51 memory organization is shown in Figure 9.2.
Figure 9.2. Memory Map
DATA MEMORY (RAM)
INTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE
PROGRAM/DATA MEMORY
(FLASH)
0x3E00
RESERVED
0x3DFF
0xFF
0x80
0x7F
Upper 128 RAM
(Indirect Addressing
Only)
(Direct and Indirect
Addressing)
16K FLASH
(In-System
Programmable in 512
Byte Sectors)
0x30
0x2F
0x20
0x1F
0x00
Bit Addressable
Special Function
Register's
(Direct Addressing Only)
Lower 128 RAM
(Direct and Indirect
Addressing)
General Purpose
Registers
EXTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE
0x0000
0xFFFF
Same 2048 bytes as from
0x0000 to 0x07FF, wrapped
on 2K-byte boundaries
0x0800
0x07FF
0x0400
0x03FF
0x0000
9.2.1.
USB FIFOs
1024 Bytes
XRAM - 1024 Bytes
(accessable using MOVX
instruction)
Program Memory
The CIP-51 core has a 64k-byte program memory space. The C8051F320/1 implements 16k bytes of this program
memory space as in-system, re-programmable FLASH memory, organized in a contiguous block from addresses
0x0000 to 0x3FFF. Addresses above 0x3DFF are reserved.
Program memory is normally assumed to be read-only. However, the CIP-51 can write to program memory by setting
the Program Store Write Enable bit (PSCTL.0) and using the MOVX instruction. This feature provides a mechanism
for the CIP-51 to update program code and use the program memory space for non-volatile data storage. Refer to Section “11. FLASH Memory” on page 107 for further details.
Rev. 1.1
79
C8051F320/1
9.2.2.
Data Memory
The CIP-51 includes 256 of internal RAM mapped into the data memory space from 0x00 through 0xFF. The lower
128 bytes of data memory are used for general purpose registers and scratch pad memory. Either direct or indirect
addressing may be used to access the lower 128 bytes of data memory. Locations 0x00 through 0x1F are addressable
as four banks of general purpose registers, each bank consisting of eight byte-wide registers. The next 16 bytes, locations 0x20 through 0x2F, may either be addressed as bytes or as 128 bit locations accessible with the direct addressing mode.
The upper 128 bytes of data memory are accessible only by indirect addressing. This region occupies the same
address space as the Special Function Registers (SFR) but is physically separate from the SFR space. The addressing
mode used by an instruction when accessing locations above 0x7F determines whether the CPU accesses the upper
128 bytes of data memory space or the SFRs. Instructions that use direct addressing will access the SFR space.
Instructions using indirect addressing above 0x7F access the upper 128 bytes of data memory. Figure 9.2 illustrates
the data memory organization of the CIP-51.
9.2.3.
General Purpose Registers
The lower 32 bytes of data memory, locations 0x00 through 0x1F, may be addressed as four banks of general-purpose
registers. Each bank consists of eight byte-wide registers designated R0 through R7. Only one of these banks may be
enabled at a time. Two bits in the program status word, RS0 (PSW.3) and RS1 (PSW.4), select the active register bank
(see description of the PSW in Figure 9.6). This allows fast context switching when entering subroutines and interrupt service routines. Indirect addressing modes use registers R0 and R1 as index registers.
9.2.4.
Bit Addressable Locations
In addition to direct access to data memory organized as bytes, the sixteen data memory locations at 0x20 through
0x2F are also accessible as 128 individually addressable bits. Each bit has a bit address from 0x00 to 0x7F. Bit 0 of
the byte at 0x20 has bit address 0x00 while bit7 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address 0x07. Bit 7 of the byte at 0x2F has
bit address 0x7F. A bit access is distinguished from a full byte access by the type of instruction used (bit source or
destination operands as opposed to a byte source or destination).
The MCS-51™ assembly language allows an alternate notation for bit addressing of the form XX.B where XX is the
byte address and B is the bit position within the byte. For example, the instruction:
MOV
C, 22h.3
moves the Boolean value at 0x13 (bit 3 of the byte at location 0x22) into the Carry flag.
9.2.5.
Stack
A programmer's stack can be located anywhere in the 256-byte data memory. The stack area is designated using the
Stack Pointer (SP, 0x81) SFR. The SP will point to the last location used. The next value pushed on the stack is placed
at SP+1 and then SP is incremented. A reset initializes the stack pointer to location 0x07. Therefore, the first value
pushed on the stack is placed at location 0x08, which is also the first register (R0) of register bank 1. Thus, if more
than one register bank is to be used, the SP should be initialized to a location in the data memory not being used for
data storage. The stack depth can extend up to 256 bytes.
80
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
9.2.6.
Special Function Registers
The direct-access data memory locations from 0x80 to 0xFF constitute the special function registers (SFRs). The
SFRs provide control and data exchange with the CIP-51's resources and peripherals. The CIP-51 duplicates the SFRs
found in a typical 8051 implementation as well as implementing additional SFRs used to configure and access the
sub-systems unique to the MCU. This allows the addition of new functionality while retaining compatibility with the
MCS-51™ instruction set. Table 9.2 lists the SFRs implemented in the CIP-51 System Controller.
The SFR registers are accessed anytime the direct addressing mode is used to access memory locations from 0x80 to
0xFF. SFRs with addresses ending in 0x0 or 0x8 (e.g. P0, TCON, SCON0, IE, etc.) are bit-addressable as well as
byte-addressable. All other SFRs are byte-addressable only. Unoccupied addresses in the SFR space are reserved for
future use. Accessing these areas will have an indeterminate effect and should be avoided. Refer to the corresponding
pages of the datasheet, as indicated in Table 9.3, for a detailed description of each register.
Table 9.2. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map
F8
F0
E8
E0
D8
D0
C8
C0
B8
B0
A8
A0
98
90
88
80
SPI0CN
B
ADC0CN
ACC
PCA0CN
PSW
TMR2CN
SMB0CN
IP
P3
IE
P2
SCON0
P1
TCON
P0
0(8)
PCA0L
P0MDIN
PCA0CPL1
XBR0
PCA0MD
REF0CN
REG0CN
SMB0CF
CLKMUL
OSCXCN
CLKSEL
SPI0CFG
SBUF0
TMR3CN
TMOD
SP
1(9)
PCA0H
PCA0CPL0 PCA0CPH0 PCA0CPL4
P1MDIN
P2MDIN
P3MDIN
PCA0CPH1 PCA0CPL2 PCA0CPH2 PCA0CPL3
XBR1
IT01CF
PCA0CPM0 PCA0CPM1 PCA0CPM2 PCA0CPM3
P0SKIP
P1SKIP
TMR2RLL TMR2RLH
TMR2L
TMR2H
SMB0DAT ADC0GTL ADC0GTH ADC0LTL
AMX0N
AMX0P
ADC0CF
ADC0L
OSCICN
OSCICL
EMI0CN
SPI0CKR
SPI0DAT P0MDOUT P1MDOUT
CPT1CN
CPT0CN
CPT1MD
CPT0MD
TMR3RLL TMR3RLH
TMR3L
TMR3H
TL0
TL1
TH0
TH1
DPL
DPH
2(A)
3(B)
4(C)
5(D)
PCA0CPH4
EIP1
PCA0CPH3
EIE1
PCA0CPM4
P2SKIP
USB0XCN
ADC0LTH
ADC0H
FLSCL
FLKEY
P2MDOUT
CPT1MX
USB0ADR
CKCON
6(E)
VDM0CN
EIP2
RSTSRC
EIE2
P3MDOUT
CPT0MX
USB0DAT
PSCTL
PCON
7(F)
(bit addressable)
Table 9.3. Special Function Registers
SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved
Register
Address
Description
ACC
0xE0
Accumulator
ADC0CF
0xBC
ADC0 Configuration
ADC0CN
0xE8
ADC0 Control
ADC0GTH
0xC4
ADC0 Greater-Than Compare High
ADC0GTL
0xC3
ADC0 Greater-Than Compare Low
ADC0H
0xBE
ADC0 High
ADC0L
0xBD
ADC0 Low
ADC0LTH
0xC6
ADC0 Less-Than Compare Word High
Rev. 1.1
Page
86
47
49
50
50
47
48
51
81
C8051F320/1
Table 9.3. Special Function Registers
Register
ADC0LTL
AMX0N
AMX0P
B
CKCON
CLKSEL
CPT0CN
CPT0MD
CPT0MX
CPT1CN
CPT1MD
CPT1MX
DPH
DPL
EIE1
EIE2
EIP1
EIP2
EMI0CN
FLKEY
FLSCL
IE
IP
IT01CF
OSCICL
OSCICN
OSCXCN
P0
P0MDIN
P0MDOUT
P0SKIP
P1
P1MDIN
P1MDOUT
P1SKIP
P2
P2MDIN
P2MDOUT
P2SKIP
P3
P3MDIN
P3MDOUT
PCA0CN
PCA0CPH0
PCA0CPH1
PCA0CPH2
82
Address
0xC5
0xBA
0xBB
0xF0
0x8E
0xA9
0x9B
0x9D
0x9F
0x9A
0x9C
0x9E
0x83
0x82
0xE6
0xE7
0xF6
0xF7
0xAA
0xB7
0xB6
0xA8
0xB8
0xE4
0xB3
0xB2
0xB1
0x80
0xF1
0xA4
0xD4
0x90
0xF2
0xA5
0xD5
0xA0
0xF3
0xA6
0xD6
0xB0
0xF4
0xA7
0xD8
0xFC
0xEA
0xEC
Description
ADC0 Less-Than Compare Word Low
AMUX0 Negative Channel Select
AMUX0 Positive Channel Select
B Register
Clock Control
Clock Select
Comparator0 Control
Comparator0 Mode Selection
Comparator0 MUX Selection
Comparator1 Control
Comparator1 Mode Selection
Comparator1 MUX Selection
Data Pointer High
Data Pointer Low
Extended Interrupt Enable 1
Extended Interrupt Enable 2
Extended Interrupt Priority 1
Extended Interrupt Priority 2
External Memory Interface Control
FLASH Lock and Key
FLASH Scale
Interrupt Enable
Interrupt Priority
INT0/INT1 Configuration
Internal Oscillator Calibration
Internal Oscillator Control
External Oscillator Control
Port 0 Latch
Port 0 Input Mode Configuration
Port 0 Output Mode Configuration
Port 0 Skip
Port 1 Latch
Port 1 Input Mode Configuration
Port 1 Output Mode Configuration
Port 1 Skip
Port 2 Latch
Port 2 Input Mode Configuration
Port 2 Output Mode Configuration
Port 2 Skip
Port 3 Latch
Port 3 Input Mode Configuration
Port 3 Output Mode Configuration
PCA Control
PCA Capture 0 High
PCA Capture 1 High
PCA Capture 2 High
Rev. 1.1
Page No.
51
46
45
86
223
125
60
62
61
63
65
64
84
84
92
94
93
94
115
111
111
90
91
95
119
119
122
135
135
136
136
137
137
138
138
139
139
140
140
141
141
142
248
252
252
252
C8051F320/1
Table 9.3. Special Function Registers
Register
PCA0CPH3
PCA0CPH4
PCA0CPL0
PCA0CPL1
PCA0CPL2
PCA0CPL3
PCA0CPL4
PCA0CPM0
PCA0CPM1
PCA0CPM2
PCA0CPM3
PCA0CPM4
PCA0H
PCA0L
PCA0MD
PCON
PSCTL
PSW
REF0CN
RSTSRC
SBUF0
SCON0
SMB0CF
SMB0CN
SMB0DAT
SP
SPI0CFG
SPI0CKR
SPI0CN
SPI0DAT
TCON
TH0
TH1
TL0
TL1
TMOD
TMR2CN
TMR2H
TMR2L
TMR2RLH
TMR2RLL
TMR3CN
TMR3H
TMR3L
TMR3RLH
TMR3RLL
Address
0xEE
0xFE
0xFB
0xE9
0xEB
0xED
0xFD
0xDA
0xDB
0xDC
0xDD
0xDE
0xFA
0xF9
0xD9
0x87
0x8F
0xD0
0xD1
0xEF
0x99
0x98
0xC1
0xC0
0xC2
0x81
0xA1
0xA2
0xF8
0xA3
0x88
0x8C
0x8D
0x8A
0x8B
0x89
0xC8
0xCD
0xCC
0xCB
0xCA
0x91
0x95
0x94
0x93
0x92
Description
PCA Capture 3High
PCA Capture 4 High
PCA Capture 0 Low
PCA Capture 1 Low
PCA Capture 2 Low
PCA Capture 3Low
PCA Capture 4 Low
PCA Module 0 Mode Register
PCA Module 1 Mode Register
PCA Module 2 Mode Register
PCA Module 3 Mode Register
PCA Module 4 Mode Register
PCA Counter High
PCA Counter Low
PCA Mode
Power Control
Program Store R/W Control
Program Status Word
Voltage Reference Control
Reset Source Configuration/Status
UART0 Data Buffer
UART0 Control
SMBus Configuration
SMBus Control
SMBus Data
Stack Pointer
SPI Configuration
SPI Clock Rate Control
SPI Control
SPI Data
Timer/Counter Control
Timer/Counter 0 High
Timer/Counter 1 High
Timer/Counter 0 Low
Timer/Counter 1 Low
Timer/Counter Mode
Timer/Counter 2 Control
Timer/Counter 2 High
Timer/Counter 2 Low
Timer/Counter 2 Reload High
Timer/Counter 2 Reload Low
Timer/Counter 3Control
Timer/Counter 3 High
Timer/Counter 3Low
Timer/Counter 3 Reload High
Timer/Counter 3 Reload Low
Rev. 1.1
Page No.
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
250
250
250
250
250
251
251
249
97
110
85
56
104
199
198
182
184
186
85
210
212
211
213
221
224
224
224
224
222
228
229
229
229
229
233
234
234
234
234
83
C8051F320/1
Table 9.3. Special Function Registers
Register
Address
VDM0CN
0xFF
XBR0
0xE1
XBR1
0xE2
0x84-0x86, 0xAB-0xAF, 0xB4,
0xB5, 0xBF, 0xC7, 0xCE,
0xCF, 0xD2, 0xD3, 0xDF,
0xE3, 0xE5, 0xF5
9.2.7.
Description
VDD Monitor Control
Port I/O Crossbar Control 0
Port I/O Crossbar Control 1
Page No.
101
132
133
Reserved
Register Descriptions
Following are descriptions of SFRs related to the operation of the CIP-51 System Controller. Reserved bits should not
be set to logic l. Future product versions may use these bits to implement new features in which case the reset value
of the bit will be logic 0, selecting the feature's default state. Detailed descriptions of the remaining SFRs are included
in the sections of the datasheet associated with their corresponding system function.
Figure 9.3. DPL: Data Pointer Low Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
00000000
0x82
Bits7-0:
DPL: Data Pointer Low.
The DPL register is the low byte of the 16-bit DPTR. DPTR is used to access indirectly addressed
memory.
Figure 9.4. DPH: Data Pointer High Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x83
Bits7-0:
84
DPH: Data Pointer High.
The DPH register is the high byte of the 16-bit DPTR. DPTR is used to access indirectly addressed
memory.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 9.5. SP: Stack Pointer
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000111
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x81
Bits7-0:
SP: Stack Pointer.
The Stack Pointer holds the location of the top of the stack. The stack pointer is incremented before
every PUSH operation. The SP register defaults to 0x07 after reset.
Figure 9.6. PSW: Program Status Word
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
Reset Value
CY
AC
F0
RS1
RS0
OV
F1
PARITY
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bits4-3:
CY: Carry Flag.
This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry (addition) or a borrow (subtraction). It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arithmetic operations.
AC: Auxiliary Carry Flag
This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry into (addition) or a borrow from
(subtraction) the high order nibble. It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arithmetic operations.
F0: User Flag 0.
This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under software control.
RS1-RS0: Register Bank Select.
These bits select which register bank is used during register accesses.
RS1
0
0
1
1
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
0xD0
RS0
0
1
0
1
Register Bank
0
1
2
3
Address
0x00 - 0x07
0x08 - 0x0F
0x10 - 0x17
0x18 - 0x1F
OV: Overflow Flag.
This bit is set to 1 under the following circumstances:
• An ADD, ADDC, or SUBB instruction causes a sign-change overflow.
• A MUL instruction results in an overflow (result is greater than 255).
• A DIV instruction causes a divide-by-zero condition.
The OV bit is cleared to 0 by the ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL, and DIV instructions in all other cases.
F1: User Flag 1.
This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under software control.
PARITY: Parity Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 if the sum of the eight bits in the accumulator is odd and cleared if the sum is
even.
Rev. 1.1
85
C8051F320/1
Figure 9.7. ACC: Accumulator
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
ACC.7
ACC.6
ACC.5
ACC.4
ACC.3
ACC.2
ACC.1
ACC.0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bits7-0:
Reset Value
0xE0
ACC: Accumulator.
This register is the accumulator for arithmetic operations.
Figure 9.8. B: B Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
B.7
B.6
B.5
B.4
B.3
B.2
B.1
B.0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bits7-0:
86
B: B Register.
This register serves as a second accumulator for certain arithmetic operations.
Rev. 1.1
Reset Value
0xF0
C8051F320/1
9.3.
Interrupt Handler
The CIP-51 includes an extended interrupt system supporting a total of 16 interrupt sources with two priority levels.
The allocation of interrupt sources between on-chip peripherals and external inputs pins varies according to the specific version of the device. Each interrupt source has one or more associated interrupt-pending flag(s) located in an
SFR. When a peripheral or external source meets a valid interrupt condition, the associated interrupt-pending flag is
set to logic 1.
If interrupts are enabled for the source, an interrupt request is generated when the interrupt-pending flag is set. As
soon as execution of the current instruction is complete, the CPU generates an LCALL to a predetermined address to
begin execution of an interrupt service routine (ISR). Each ISR must end with an RETI instruction, which returns program execution to the next instruction that would have been executed if the interrupt request had not occurred. If
interrupts are not enabled, the interrupt-pending flag is ignored by the hardware and program execution continues as
normal. (The interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1 regardless of the interrupt's enable/disable state.)
Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled through the use of an associated interrupt enable bit in
an SFR (IE-EIE2). However, interrupts must first be globally enabled by setting the EA bit (IE.7) to logic 1 before the
individual interrupt enables are recognized. Setting the EA bit to logic 0 disables all interrupt sources regardless of
the individual interrupt-enable settings.
Some interrupt-pending flags are automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR. However,
most are not cleared by the hardware and must be cleared by software before returning from the ISR. If an interruptpending flag remains set after the CPU completes the return-from-interrupt (RETI) instruction, a new interrupt
request will be generated immediately and the CPU will re-enter the ISR after the completion of the next instruction.
9.3.1.
MCU Interrupt Sources and Vectors
The MCU supports 16 interrupt sources. Software can simulate an interrupt by setting any interrupt-pending flag to
logic 1. If interrupts are enabled for the flag, an interrupt request will be generated and the CPU will vector to the ISR
address associated with the interrupt-pending flag. MCU interrupt sources, associated vector addresses, priority order
and control bits are summarized in Table 9.4 on page 89. Refer to the datasheet section associated with a particular
on-chip peripheral for information regarding valid interrupt conditions for the peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s).
Rev. 1.1
87
C8051F320/1
9.3.2.
External Interrupts
The /INT0 and /INT1 external interrupt sources are configurable as active high or low, edge or level sensitive. The
IN0PL (/INT0 Polarity) and IN1PL (/INT1 Polarity) bits in the IT01CF register select active high or active low; the
IT0 and IT1 bits in TCON (Section “19.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1” on page 217) select level or edge sensitive. The
table below lists the possible configurations.
IT0
1
1
0
0
IN0PL
0
1
0
1
/INT0 Interrupt
Active low, edge sensitive
Active high, edge sensitive
Active low, level sensitive
Active high, level sensitive
IT1
1
1
0
0
IN1PL
0
1
0
1
/INT1 Interrupt
Active low, edge sensitive
Active high, edge sensitive
Active low, level sensitive
Active high, level sensitive
/INT0 and /INT1 are assigned to Port pins as defined in the IT01CF register (see Figure 9.15). Note that /INT0 and
/INT0 Port pin assignments are independent of any Crossbar assignments. /INT0 and /INT1 will monitor their
assigned Port pins without disturbing the peripheral that was assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. To assign a Port
pin only to /INT0 and/or /INT1, configure the Crossbar to skip the selected pin(s). This is accomplished by setting the
associated bit in register XBR0 (see Section “14.1. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 129 for complete details
on configuring the Crossbar).
IE0 (TCON.1) and IE1 (TCON.3) serve as the interrupt-pending flags for the /INT0 and /INT1 external interrupts,
respectively. If an /INT0 or /INT1 external interrupt is configured as edge-sensitive, the corresponding interruptpending flag is automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR. When configured as level
sensitive, the interrupt-pending flag remains logic 1 while the input is active as defined by the corresponding polarity
bit (IN0PL or IN1PL); the flag remains logic 0 while the input is inactive. The external interrupt source must hold the
input active until the interrupt request is recognized. It must then deactivate the interrupt request before execution of
the ISR completes or another interrupt request will be generated.
9.3.3.
Interrupt Priorities
Each interrupt source can be individually programmed to one of two priority levels: low or high. A low priority interrupt service routine can be preempted by a high priority interrupt. A high priority interrupt cannot be preempted. Each
interrupt has an associated interrupt priority bit in an SFR (IP or EIP2) used to configure its priority level. Low priority is the default. If two interrupts are recognized simultaneously, the interrupt with the higher priority is serviced
first. If both interrupts have the same priority level, a fixed priority order is used to arbitrate, given in Table 9.4.
9.3.4.
Interrupt Latency
Interrupt response time depends on the state of the CPU when the interrupt occurs. Pending interrupts are sampled
and priority decoded each system clock cycle. Therefore, the fastest possible response time is 5 system clock cycles:
1 clock cycle to detect the interrupt and 4 clock cycles to complete the LCALL to the ISR. If an interrupt is pending
when a RETI is executed, a single instruction is executed before an LCALL is made to service the pending interrupt.
Therefore, the maximum response time for an interrupt (when no other interrupt is currently being serviced or the
new interrupt is of greater priority) occurs when the CPU is performing an RETI instruction followed by a DIV as the
next instruction. In this case, the response time is 18 system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the interrupt, 5 clock
cycles to execute the RETI, 8 clock cycles to complete the DIV instruction and 4 clock cycles to execute the LCALL
to the ISR. If the CPU is executing an ISR for an interrupt with equal or higher priority, the new interrupt will not be
serviced until the current ISR completes, including the RETI and following instruction.
Note that the CPU is stalled during FLASH write/erase operations and USB FIFO MOVX accesses (see Section
“12.2. Accessing USB FIFO Space” on page 114). Interrupt service latency will be increased for interrupts occuring
while the CPU is stalled. The latency for these situations will be determined by the standard interrupt service procedure (as described above) and the amount of time the CPU is stalled.
88
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Reset
Interrupt
Vector
Priority
Pending Flag
Order
Priority
Control
Always
Enabled
Always
Highest
Top
0x0003
0
IE0 (TCON.1)
Y
Y
EX0 (IE.0) PX0 (IP.0)
0x000B
1
TF0 (TCON.5)
Y
Y
ET0 (IE.1)
0x0013
2
IE1 (TCON.3)
Y
Y
EX1 (IE.2) PX1 (IP.2)
0x001B
3
Y
Y
ET1 (IE.3)
PT1 (IP.3)
UART0
0x0023
4
Y
N
ES0 (IE.4)
PS0 (IP.4)
Timer 2 Overflow
0x002B
5
Y
N
ET2 (IE.5)
PT2 (IP.5)
SPI0
0x0033
6
TF1 (TCON.7)
RI0 (SCON0.0)
TI0 (SCON0.1)
TF2H (TMR2CN.7)
TF2L (TMR2CN.6)
SPIF (SPI0CN.7)
WCOL (SPI0CN.6)
MODF (SPI0CN.5)
RXOVRN (SPI0CN.4)
Y
N
ESPI0
(IE.6)
PSPI0
(IP.6)
SMB0
0x003B
7
USB0
0x0043
8
ADC0 Window Compare
0x004B
9
0x0053
10
0x005B
11
Comparator0
0x0063
12
Comparator1
0x006B
13
Timer 3 Overflow
0x0073
14
VBUS Level
0x007B
15
ADC0 Conversion
Complete
Programmable Counter
Array
N/A N/A
Enable
Flag
0x0000
External Interrupt 0
(/INT0)
Timer 0 Overflow
External Interrupt 1
(/INT1)
Timer 1 Overflow
None
Cleared by HW?
Interrupt Source
Bit addressable?
Table 9.4. Interrupt Summary
ESMB0
(EIE1.0)
EUSB0
Special
N
N
(EIE1.1)
AD0WINT
EWADC0
Y
N
(ADC0CN.3)
(EIE1.2)
EADC0
AD0INT (ADC0CN.5) Y
N
(EIE1.3)
CF (PCA0CN.7)
EPCA0
Y
N
(EIE1.4)
CCFn (PCA0CN.n)
CP0FIF (CPT0CN.4)
ECP0
N
N
CP0RIF (CPT0CN.5)
(EIE1.5)
CP1FIF (CPT1CN.4)
ECP1
N
N
CP1RIF (CPT1CN.5)
(EIE1.6)
TF3H (TMR3CN.7)
ET3
N
N
(EIE1.7)
TF3L (TMR3CN.6)
EVBUS
N/A
N/A N/A
(EIE2.0)
SI (SMB0CN.0)
Rev. 1.1
Y
N
PT0 (IP.1)
PSMB0
(EIP1.0)
PUSB0
(EIP1.1)
PWADC0
(EIP1.2)
PADC0
(EIP1.3)
PPCA0
(EIP1.4)
PCP0
(EIP1.5)
PCP1
(EIP1.6)
PT3
(EIP1.7)
PVBUS
(EIP2.0)
89
C8051F320/1
9.3.5.
Interrupt Register Descriptions
The SFRs used to enable the interrupt sources and set their priority level are described below. Refer to the datasheet
section associated with a particular on-chip peripheral for information regarding valid interrupt conditions for the
peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s).
Figure 9.9. IE: Interrupt Enable
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
EA
ESPI0
ET2
ES0
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
90
0xA8
EA: Enable All Interrupts.
This bit globally enables/disables all interrupts. It overrides the individual interrupt mask settings.
0: Disable all interrupt sources.
1: Enable each interrupt according to its individual mask setting.
ESPI0: Enable Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the SPI0 interrupts.
0: Disable all SPI0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by SPI0.
ET2: Enable Timer 2 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 2 interrupt.
0: Disable Timer 2 interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF2L or TF2H flags.
ES0: Enable UART0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the UART0 interrupt.
0: Disable UART0 interrupt.
1: Enable UART0 interrupt.
ET1: Enable Timer 1 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 1 interrupt.
0: Disable all Timer 1 interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF1 flag.
EX1: Enable External Interrupt 1.
This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 1.
0: Disable external interrupt 1.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the /INT1 input.
ET0: Enable Timer 0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 0 interrupt.
0: Disable all Timer 0 interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF0 flag.
EX0: Enable External Interrupt 0.
This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 0.
0: Disable external interrupt 0.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the /INT0 input.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 9.10. IP: Interrupt Priority
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
-
PSPI0
PT2
PS0
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
10000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
Reset Value
0xB8
UNUSED. Read = 1, Write = don't care.
PSPI0: Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the SPI0 interrupt.
0: SPI0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: SPI0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PT2: Timer 2 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 2 interrupt.
0: Timer 2 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Timer 2 interrupts set to high priority level.
PS0: UART0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the UART0 interrupt.
0: UART0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: UART0 interrupts set to high priority level.
PT1: Timer 1 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 1 interrupt.
0: Timer 1 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Timer 1 interrupts set to high priority level.
PX1: External Interrupt 1 Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 1 interrupt.
0: External Interrupt 1 set to low priority level.
1: External Interrupt 1 set to high priority level.
PT0: Timer 0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 0 interrupt.
0: Timer 0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Timer 0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PX0: External Interrupt 0 Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 0 interrupt.
0: External Interrupt 0 set to low priority level.
1: External Interrupt 0 set to high priority level.
Rev. 1.1
91
C8051F320/1
Figure 9.11. EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
ET3
ECP1
ECP0
EPCA0
EADC0
EWADC0
EUSB0
ESMB0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xE6
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
92
ET3: Enable Timer 3 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 3 interrupt.
0: Disable Timer 3 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF3L or TF3H flags.
ECP1: Enable Comparator1 (CP1) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the CP1 interrupt.
0: Disable CP1 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the CP1RIF or CP1FIF flags.
ECP0: Enable Comparator0 (CP0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the CP0 interrupt.
0: Disable CP0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the CP0RIF or CP0FIF flags.
EPCA0: Enable Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the PCA0 interrupts.
0: Disable all PCA0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by PCA0.
EADC0: Enable ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
0: Disable ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the AD0INT flag.
EWADC0: Enable Window Comparison ADC0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of ADC0 Window Comparison interrupt.
0: Disable ADC0 Window Comparison interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by ADC0 Window Compare flag (AD0WINT).
EUSB0: Enable USB0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the USB0 interrupt.
0: Disable all USB0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by USB0.
ESMB0: Enable SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the SMB0 interrupt.
0: Disable all SMB0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by SMB0.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 9.12. EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
PT3
PCP1
PCP0
PPCA0
PADC0
PWADC0
PUSB0
PSMB0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xF6
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
PT3: Timer 3 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 3 interrupt.
0: Timer 3 interrupts set to low priority level.
1: Timer 3 interrupts set to high priority level.
PCP1: Comparator1 (CP1) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the CP1 interrupt.
0: CP1 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: CP1 interrupt set to high priority level.
PCP0: Comparator0 (CP0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the CP0 interrupt.
0: CP0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: CP0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PPCA0: Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the PCA0 interrupt.
0: PCA0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: PCA0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PADC0 ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
0: ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt set to low priority level.
1: ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt set to high priority level.
PWADC0: ADC0 Window Comparator Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the ADC0 Window interrupt.
0: ADC0 Window interrupt set to low priority level.
1: ADC0 Window interrupt set to high priority level.
PUSB0: USB0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the USB0 interrupt.
0: USB0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: USB0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PSMB0: SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the SMB0 interrupt.
0: SMB0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: SMB0 interrupt set to high priority level.
Rev. 1.1
93
C8051F320/1
Figure 9.13. EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EVBUS
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xE7
Bits7-1:
Bit0:
UNUSED. Read = 0000000b. Write = don’t care.
EVBUS: Enable VBUS Level Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the VBUS interrupt.
0: Disable all VBUS interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by VBUS level sense.
Figure 9.14. EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority 2
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PVBUS
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xF7
Bits7-1:
Bit0:
94
UNUSED. Read = 0000000b. Write = don’t care.
PVBUS: VBUS Level Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the VBUS interrupt.
0: VBUS interrupt set to low priority level.
1: VBUS interrupt set to high priority level.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 9.15. IT01CF: INT0/INT1 Configuration Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
IN1PL
IN1SL2
IN1SL1
IN1SL0
IN0PL
IN0SL2
IN0SL1
IN0SL0
00000001
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xE4
Note: Refer to Figure 19.4 for INT0/1 edge- or level-sensitive interrupt selection.
Bit7:
Bits6-4:
IN1PL: /INT1 Polarity
0: /INT1 input is active low.
1: /INT1 input is active high.
IN1SL2-0: /INT1 Port Pin Selection Bits
These bits select which Port pin is assigned to /INT1. Note that this pin assignment is independent of
the Crossbar; /INT1 will monitor the assigned Port pin without disturbing the peripheral that has been
assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar will not assign the Port pin to a peripheral if it is
configured to skip the selected pin (accomplished by setting to ‘1’ the corresponding bit in register
P0SKIP).
IN1SL2-0
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Bit3:
Bits2-0:
/INT1 Port Pin
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
IN0PL: /INT0 Polarity
0: /INT0 interrupt is active low.
1: /INT0 interrupt is active high.
INT0SL2-0: /INT0 Port Pin Selection Bits
These bits select which Port pin is assigned to /INT0. Note that this pin assignment is independent of
the Crossbar. /INT0 will monitor the assigned Port pin without disturbing the peripheral that has been
assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar will not assign the Port pin to a peripheral if it is
configured to skip the selected pin (accomplished by setting to ‘1’ the corresponding bit in register
P0SKIP).
IN0SL2-0
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
/INT0 Port Pin
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
Rev. 1.1
95
C8051F320/1
9.4.
Power Management Modes
The CIP-51 core has two software programmable power management modes: Idle and Stop. Idle mode halts the CPU
while leaving the peripherals and clocks active. In Stop mode, the CPU is halted, all interrupts, are inactive, and the
internal oscillator is stopped (analog peripherals remain in their selected states; the external oscillator is not affected).
Since clocks are running in Idle mode, power consumption is dependent upon the system clock frequency and the
number of peripherals left in active mode before entering Idle. Stop mode consumes the least power. Figure 1.15
describes the Power Control Register (PCON) used to control the CIP-51's power management modes.
Although the CIP-51 has Idle and Stop modes built in (as with any standard 8051 architecture), power management
of the entire MCU is better accomplished through system clock and individual peripheral management. Each analog
peripheral can be disabled when not in use and placed in low power mode. Digital peripherals, such as timers or serial
buses, draw little power when they are not in use. Turning off the oscillators lowers power consumption considerably;
however a reset is required to restart the MCU.
The internal oscillator can be placed in Suspend mode (see Section “13. Oscillators” on page 117). In Suspend
mode, the internal oscillator is stopped until a non-idle USB event is detected, or the VBUS input signal matches the
polarity selected by the VBPOL bit in register REG0CN (Figure 8.5 on Page 72).
9.4.1.
Idle Mode
Setting the Idle Mode Select bit (PCON.0) causes the CIP-51 to halt the CPU and enter Idle mode as soon as the
instruction that sets the bit completes execution. All internal registers and memory maintain their original data. All
analog and digital peripherals can remain active during Idle mode.
Idle mode is terminated when an enabled interrupt is asserted or a reset occurs. The assertion of an enabled interrupt
will cause the Idle Mode Selection bit (PCON.0) to be cleared and the CPU to resume operation. The pending interrupt will be serviced and the next instruction to be executed after the return from interrupt (RETI) will be the instruction immediately following the one that set the Idle Mode Select bit. If Idle mode is terminated by an internal or
external reset, the CIP-51 performs a normal reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
If enabled, the Watchdog Timer (WDT) will eventually cause an internal watchdog reset and thereby terminate the
Idle mode. This feature protects the system from an unintended permanent shutdown in the event of an inadvertent
write to the PCON register. If this behavior is not desired, the WDT may be disabled by software prior to entering the
Idle mode if the WDT was initially configured to allow this operation. This provides the opportunity for additional
power savings, allowing the system to remain in the Idle mode indefinitely, waiting for an external stimulus to wake
up the system. Refer to Section “10.6. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset” on page 102 for more information on the use
and configuration of the WDT.
9.4.2.
Stop Mode
Setting the Stop Mode Select bit (PCON.1) causes the CIP-51 to enter Stop mode as soon as the instruction that sets
the bit completes execution. In Stop mode the internal oscillator, CPU, and all digital peripherals are stopped; the
state of the external oscillator circuit is not affected. Each analog peripheral (including the external oscillator circuit)
may be shut down individually prior to entering Stop Mode. Stop mode can only be terminated by an internal or
external reset. On reset, the CIP-51 performs the normal reset sequence and begins program execution at address
0x0000.
If enabled, the Missing Clock Detector will cause an internal reset and thereby terminate the Stop mode. The Missing
Clock Detector should be disabled if the CPU is to be put to in STOP mode for longer than the MCD timeout of
100 µsec.
96
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 9.16. PCON: Power Control Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
GF5
GF4
GF3
GF2
GF1
GF0
STOP
IDLE
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x87
Bits7-2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
GF5-GF0: General Purpose Flags 5-0.
These are general purpose flags for use under software control.
STOP: Stop Mode Select.
Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Stop mode. This bit will always be read as 0.
1: CPU goes into Stop mode (internal oscillator stopped).
IDLE: Idle Mode Select.
Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Idle mode. This bit will always be read as 0.
1: CPU goes into Idle mode. (Shuts off clock to CPU, but clock to Timers, Interrupts, Serial Ports,
and Analog Peripherals are still active.)
Rev. 1.1
97
C8051F320/1
Notes
98
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
10.
RESET SOURCES
Reset circuitry allows the controller to be easily placed in a predefined default condition. On entry to this reset state,
the following occur:
•
•
•
•
CIP-51 halts program execution
Special Function Registers (SFRs) are initialized to their defined reset values
External Port pins are forced to a known state
Interrupts and timers are disabled.
All SFRs are reset to the predefined values noted in the SFR detailed descriptions. The contents of internal data memory are unaffected during a reset; any previously stored data is preserved. However, since the stack pointer SFR is
reset, the stack is effectively lost even though the data on the stack is not altered.
The Port I/O latches are reset to 0xFF (all logic ones) in open-drain mode. Weak pull-ups are enabled during and after
the reset. For VDD Monitor and Power-On Resets, the /RST pin is driven low until the device exits the reset state.
On exit from the reset state, the program counter (PC) is reset, and the system clock defaults to the internal oscillator.
Refer to Section “13. Oscillators” on page 117 for information on selecting and configuring the system clock
source. The Watchdog Timer is enabled with the system clock divided by 12 as its clock source (Section
“20.3. Watchdog Timer Mode” on page 246 details the use of the Watchdog Timer). Program execution begins at
location 0x0000.
Figure 10.1. Reset Sources
VDD
Supply
Monitor
+
-
+
-
EN
XTAL2
External
Oscillator
Drive
Software Reset (SWRSF)
Errant
FLASH
Operation
WDT
Enable
MCD
Enable
Clock Select
/RST
Reset
Funnel
PCA
WDT
EN
System
Clock
(wired-OR)
C0RSEF
Missing
Clock
Detector
(oneshot)
Internal
Oscillator
'0'
CIP-51
Microcontroller
Core
System Reset
Enable
Px.x
XTAL1
Power On
Reset
Comparator 0
Px.x
Clock
Multiplier
Enable
USB
Controller
VBUS
Transition
Extended Interrupt
Handler
Rev. 1.1
99
C8051F320/1
10.1.
Power-On Reset
During power-up, the device is held in a reset state and the /RST pin is driven low until VDD settles above VRST. A
Power-On Reset delay (TPORDelay) occurs before the device is released from reset; this delay is typically less than
0.3 ms. Figure 10.2. plots the power-on and VDD monitor reset timing.
On exit from a power-on reset, the PORSF flag (RSTSRC.1) is set by hardware to logic 1. When PORSF is set, all of
the other reset flags in the RSTSRC Register are indeterminate (PORSF is cleared by all other resets). Since all resets
cause program execution to begin at the same location (0x0000) software can read the PORSF flag to determine if a
power-up was the cause of reset. The content of internal data memory should be assumed to be undefined after a
power-on reset. The VDD monitor is enabled following a power-on reset.
Software can force a power-on reset by writing ‘1’ to the PINRSF bit in register RSTSRC.
volts
Figure 10.2. Power-On and VDD Monitor Reset Timing
VDD
2.70
2.4
VRST
VD
D
2.0
1.0
t
Logic HIGH
Logic LOW
/RST
TPORDelay
VDD
Monitor
Reset
Power-On
Reset
100
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
10.2.
Power-Fail Reset / VDD Monitor
When a power-down transition or power irregularity causes VDD to drop below VRST, the power supply monitor will
drive the /RST pin low and hold the CIP-51 in a reset state (see Figure 10.2). When VDD returns to a level above
VRST, the CIP-51 will be released from the reset state. Note that even though internal data memory contents are not
altered by the power-fail reset, it is impossible to determine if VDD dropped below the level required for data retention. If the PORSF flag reads ‘1’, the data may no longer be valid. The VDD monitor is enabled after power-on resets;
however its defined state (enabled/disabled) is not altered by any other reset source. For example, if the VDD monitor
is enabled and a software reset is performed, the VDD monitor will still be enabled after the reset.
Important Note: The VDD monitor must be enabled before it is selected as a reset source. Selecting the VDD monitor as a reset source before it is enabled and stabilized will cause a system reset. The procedure for configuring the
VDD monitor as a reset source is shown below:
Step 1. Enable the VDD monitor (VDM0CN.7 = ‘1’).
Step 2. Wait for the VDD monitor to stabilize (see Table 10.1 for the VDD Monitor turn-on time).
Step 3. Select the VDD monitor as a reset source (RSTSRC.1 = ‘1’).
See Figure 10.2 for VDD monitor timing. See Table 10.1 for complete electrical characteristics of the VDD monitor.
Figure 10.3. VDM0CN: VDD Monitor Control
R/W
R
R
VDMEN VDDSTAT Reserved
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
R
R
R
R
R
Reset Value
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Variable
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xFF
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bits5-0:
VDMEN: VDD Monitor Enable.
This bit turns the VDD monitor circuit on/off. The VDD Monitor cannot generate system resets until
it is also selected as a reset source in register RSTSRC (Figure 10.4). The VDD Monitor must be
allowed to stabilize before it is selected as a reset source. Selecting the VDD monitor as a reset
source before it has stabilized will generate a system reset. See Table 10.1 for the minimum VDD
Monitor turn-on time. The VDD Monitor is enabled following all POR resets.
0: VDD Monitor Disabled.
1: VDD Monitor Enabled.
VDDSTAT: VDD Status.
This bit indicates the current power supply status (VDD Monitor output).
0: VDD is at or below the VDD monitor threshold.
1: VDD is above the VDD monitor threshold.
Reserved. Read = Variable. Write = don’t care.
Rev. 1.1
101
C8051F320/1
10.3.
External Reset
The external /RST pin provides a means for external circuitry to force the device into a reset state. Asserting an
active-low signal on the /RST pin generates a reset; an external pull-up and/or decoupling of the /RST pin may be
necessary to avoid erroneous noise-induced resets. See Table 10.1 for complete /RST pin specifications. The PINRSF
flag (RSTSRC.0) is set on exit from an external reset.
10.4.
Missing Clock Detector Reset
The Missing Clock Detector (MCD) is a one-shot circuit that is triggered by the system clock. If more than 100 µs
pass between rising edges on the system clock, the one-shot will time out and generate a reset. After a MCD reset, the
MCDRSF flag (RSTSRC.2) will read ‘1’, signifying the MCD as the reset source; otherwise, this bit reads ‘0’. Writing a ‘1’ to the MCDRSF bit enables the Missing Clock Detector; writing a ‘0’ disables it. The state of the /RST pin
is unaffected by this reset.
10.5.
Comparator0 Reset
Comparator0 can be configured as a reset source by writing a ‘1’ to the C0RSEF flag (RSTSRC.5). Comparator0
should be enabled and allowed to settle prior to writing to C0RSEF to prevent any turn-on chatter on the output from
generating an unwanted reset. The Comparator0 reset is active-low: if the non-inverting input voltage (on CP0+) is
less than the inverting input voltage (on CP0-), a system reset is generated. After a Comparator0 reset, the C0RSEF
flag (RSTSRC.5) will read ‘1’ signifying Comparator0 as the reset source; otherwise, this bit reads ‘0’. The state of
the /RST pin is unaffected by this reset.
10.6.
PCA Watchdog Timer Reset
The programmable Watchdog Timer (WDT) function of the Programmable Counter Array (PCA) can be used to prevent software from running out of control during a system malfunction. The PCA WDT function can be enabled or
disabled by software as described in Section “20.3. Watchdog Timer Mode” on page 246; the WDT is enabled and
clocked by SYSCLK / 12 following any reset. If a system malfunction prevents user software from updating the
WDT, a reset is generated and the WDTRSF bit (RSTSRC.5) is set to ‘1’. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by
this reset.
10.7.
FLASH Error Reset
If a FLASH read/write/erase or program read targets an illegal address, a system reset is generated. This may occur
due to any of the following:
•
•
•
•
A FLASH write or erase is attempted above user code space. This occurs when PSWE is set to ‘1’ and a MOVX
write operation is attempted above address 0x3DFF.
A FLASH read is attempted above user code space. This occurs when a MOVC operation is attempted above
address 0x3DFF.
A Program read is attempted above user code space. This occurs when user code attempts to branch to an address
above 0x3DFF.
A FLASH read, write or erase attempt is restricted due to a FLASH security setting (see Section “11.3. Security
Options” on page 109).
The FERROR bit (RSTSRC.6) is set following a FLASH error reset. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by this
reset.
102
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
10.8.
Software Reset
Software may force a reset by writing a ‘1’ to the SWRSF bit (RSTSRC.4). The SWRSF bit will read ‘1’ following a
software forced reset. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by this reset.
10.9.
USB Reset
Writing ‘1’ to the USBRSF bit in register RSTSRC selects USB0 as a reset source. With USB0 selected as a reset
source, a system reset will be generated when either of the following occur:
1.
2.
RESET signaling is detected on the USB network. The USB Function Controller (USB0) must be
enabled for RESET signaling to be detected. See Section “15. Universal Serial Bus Controller
(USB0)” on page 143 for information on the USB Function Controller.
The voltage on the VBUS pin matches the polarity selected by the VBPOL bit in register REG0CN. See
Section “8. Voltage Regulator (REG0)” on page 67 for details on the VBUS detection circuit.
The USBRSF bit will read ‘1’ following a USB reset. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by this reset.
Rev. 1.1
103
C8051F320/1
Figure 10.4. RSTSRC: Reset Source Register
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
USBRSF
FERROR
C0RSEF
SWRSF
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
R
R/W
WDTRSF MCDRSF
Bit3
Bit2
R/W
R
Reset Value
PORSF
PINRSF
Variable
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xEF
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
USBRSF: USB Reset Flag
0: Read: Last reset was not a USB reset; Write: USB resets disabled.
1: Read: Last reset was a USB reset; Write: USB resets enabled.
FERROR: FLASH Error Indicator.
0: Source of last reset was not a FLASH read/write/erase error.
1: Source of last reset was a FLASH read/write/erase error.
C0RSEF: Comparator0 Reset Enable and Flag.
0: Read: Source of last reset was not Comparator0; Write: Comparator0 is not a reset source.
1: Read: Source of last reset was Comparator0; Write: Comparator0 is a reset source (active-low).
SWRSF: Software Reset Force and Flag.
0: Read: Source of last reset was not a write to the SWRSF bit; Write: No Effect.
1: Read: Source of last was a write to the SWRSF bit; Write: Forces a system reset.
WDTRSF: Watchdog Timer Reset Flag.
0: Source of last reset was not a WDT timeout.
1: Source of last reset was a WDT timeout.
MCDRSF: Missing Clock Detector Flag.
0: Read: Source of last reset was not a Missing Clock Detector timeout; Write: Missing Clock
Detector disabled.
1: Read: Source of last reset was a Missing Clock Detector timeout; Write: Missing Clock Detector
enabled; triggers a reset if a missing clock condition is detected.
PORSF: Power-On / VDD Monitor Reset Flag.
This bit is set anytime a power-on reset occurs. Writing this bit selects/deselects the VDD monitor as
a reset source. Note: writing ‘1’ to this bit before the VDD monitor is enabled and stabilized can
cause a system reset. See register VDM0CN (Figure 10.3).
0: Read: Last reset was not a power-on or VDD monitor reset; Write: VDD monitor is not a reset
source.
1: Read: Last reset was a power-on or VDD monitor reset; all other reset flags indeterminate; Write:
VDD monitor is a reset source.
PINRSF: HW Pin Reset Flag.
0: Source of last reset was not /RST pin.
1: Source of last reset was /RST pin.
Note: For bits that act as both reset source enables (on a write) and reset indicator flags (on a read), readmodify-write instructions read and modify the source enable only. This applies to bits: USBRSF, C0RSEF,
SWRSF, MCDRSF, PORSF.
104
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Table 10.1. Reset Electrical Characteristics
-40°C to +85°C unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V
/RST Output Low Voltage
MIN
/RST Input High Voltage
0.7 x
VDD
TYP
2.40
25
2.55
0.3 x
VDD
40
2.70
µA
V
Missing Clock Detector Timeout
100
220
500
µs
Reset Time Delay
/RST = 0.0 V
Time from last system clock rising
edge to reset initiation
Delay between release of any reset
source and code execution at location
0x0000
Minimum /RST Low Time to
Generate a System Reset
VDD Monitor Turn-on Time
VDD Monitor Supply Current
5.0
µs
15
µs
100
20
Rev. 1.1
UNITS
V
V
/RST Input Low Voltage
/RST Input Pull-Up Current
VDD POR Threshold (VRST)
MAX
0.6
50
µs
µA
105
C8051F320/1
Notes
106
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
11.
FLASH MEMORY
On-chip, re-programmable FLASH memory is included for program code and non-volatile data storage. The FLASH
memory can be programmed in-system, a single byte at a time, through the C2 interface or by software using the
MOVX instruction. Once cleared to logic 0, a FLASH bit must be erased to set it back to logic 1. FLASH bytes would
typically be erased (set to 0xFF) before being reprogrammed. The write and erase operations are automatically timed
by hardware for proper execution; data polling to determine the end of the write/erase operation is not required. Code
execution is stalled during a FLASH write/erase operation. Refer to Table 11.1 for complete FLASH memory electrical characteristics.
11.1.
Programming The FLASH Memory
The simplest means of programming the FLASH memory is through the C2 interface using programming tools provided by Silicon Labs or a third party vendor. This is the only means for programming a non-initialized device. For
details on the C2 commands to program FLASH memory, see Section “21. C2 Interface” on page 253.
To ensure the integrity of FLASH contents, it is strongly recommended that the on-chip VDD Monitor be
enabled in any system that includes code that writes and/or erases FLASH memory from software.
11.1.1. FLASH Lock and Key Functions
FLASH writes and erases by user software are protected with a lock and key function. The FLASH Lock and Key
Register (FLKEY) must be written with the correct key codes, in sequence, before FLASH operations may be performed. The key codes are: 0xA5, 0xF1. The timing does not matter, but the codes must be written in order. If the key
codes are written out of order, or the wrong codes are written, FLASH writes and erases will be disabled until the next
system reset. FLASH writes and erases will also be disabled if a FLASH write or erase is attempted before the key
codes have been written properly. The FLASH lock resets after each write or erase; the key codes must be written
again before a following FLASH operation can be performed. The FLKEY register is detailed in Figure 11.3.
11.1.2. FLASH Erase Procedure
The FLASH memory can be programmed by software using the MOVX write instruction with the address and data
byte to be programmed provided as normal operands. Before writing to FLASH memory using MOVX, FLASH write
operations must be enabled by: (1) Writing the FLASH key codes in sequence to the FLASH Lock register (FLKEY);
and (2) Setting the PSWE Program Store Write Enable bit (PSCTL.0) to logic 1 (this directs the MOVX writes to target FLASH memory). The PSWE bit remains set until cleared by software.
A write to FLASH memory can clear bits to logic 0 but cannot set them; only an erase operation can set bits to logic
1 in FLASH. A byte location to be programmed must be erased before a new value is written. The FLASH memory is organized in 512-byte pages. The erase operation applies to an entire page (setting all bytes in the page to
0xFF). To erase an entire 512-byte page, perform the following steps:
Step 1. Disable interrupts (recommended).
Step 2. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
Step 3. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
Step 4. Set the PSEE bit (register PSCTL).
Step 5. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
Step 6. Using the MOVX instruction, write a data byte to any location within the 512-byte page to be
erased.
Step 7. Clear the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
Step 8. Clear the PSEE bit (register PSCTI).
Rev. 1.1
107
C8051F320/1
11.1.3. FLASH Write Procedure
FLASH bytes are programmed by software with the following sequence:
Step 1. Disable interrupts (recommended).
Step 2. Erase the 512-byte FLASH page containing the target location, as described in Section 11.1.2.
Step 3. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
Step 4. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
Step 5. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
Step 6. Clear the PSEE bit (register PSCTL).
Step 7. Using the MOVX instruction, write a single data byte to the desired location within the 512-byte
sector.
Step 8. Clear the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
Steps 3-8 must be repeated for each byte to be written. After FLASH writes are complete, PSWE should be cleared so
that MOVX instructions do not target program memory.
Table 11.1. FLASH Electrical Characteristics
PARAMETER
FLASH Size
Endurance
Erase Cycle Time
Write Cycle Time
CONDITIONS
C8051F320/1
MIN
25 MHz System Clock
25 MHz System Clock
†
Note: 512 bytes at location 0x3E00 to 0x3FFF are reserved.
108
TYP
MAX
100k
15
55
20
70
†
Rev. 1.1
16384
20k
10
40
UNITS
bytes
Erase/Write
ms
µs
C8051F320/1
11.2.
Non-volatile Data Storage
The FLASH memory can be used for non-volatile data storage as well as program code. This allows data such as calibration coefficients to be calculated and stored at run time. Data is written using the MOVX write instruction and
read using the MOVC instruction. Note: MOVX read instructions always target XRAM.
11.3.
Security Options
The CIP-51 provides security options to protect the FLASH memory from inadvertent modification by software as
well as to prevent the viewing of proprietary program code and constants. The Program Store Write Enable (bit
PSWE in register PSCTL) and the Program Store Erase Enable (bit PSEE in register PSCTL) bits protect the FLASH
memory from accidental modification by software. PSWE must be explicitly set to ‘1’ before software can modify
the FLASH memory; both PSWE and PSEE must be set to ‘1’ before software can erase FLASH memory. Additional
security features prevent proprietary program code and data constants from being read or altered across the C2 interface.
A Security Lock Byte located at the last byte of FLASH user space offers protection of the FLASH program memory
from access (reads, writes, or erases) by unprotected code or the C2 interface. The FLASH security mechanism
allows the user to lock n 512-byte FLASH pages, starting at page 0 (addresses 0x0000 to 0x01FF), where n is the 1’s
compliment number represented by the Security Lock Byte. See example below.
Security Lock Byte:
1’s Compliment:
FLASH pages locked:
Addresses locked:
11111101b
00000010b
2
0x0000 to 0x03FF
Important Notes About the FLASH Security:
1. Clearing any bit of the Lock Byte to ‘0’ will lock the FLASH page containing the Lock Byte (in addition to the selected pages).
2. Locked pages cannot be read, written, or erased via the C2 interface.
3. Locked pages cannot be read, written, or erased by user firmware executing from unlocked memory
space.
4. User firmware executing in a locked page may read and write FLASH memory in any locked or
unlocked page excluding the reserved area.
5. User firmware executing in a locked page may erase FLASH memory in any locked or unlocked page
excluding the reserved area and the page containing the Lock Byte.
6. Locked pages can only be unlocked through the C2 interface with a C2 Device Erase command.
7. If a user firmware FLASH access attempt is denied (per restrictions #3, #4, and #5 above), a FLASH
Error system reset will be generated.
Rev. 1.1
109
C8051F320/1
Figure 11.1. FLASH Program Memory Map and Security Byte
C8051F320/1
Reserved
0x3E00
Lock Byte
Locked when any
other FLASH pages
are locked
0x3DFF
0x3DFE
0x3C00
FLASH memory
organized in 512-byte
pages
Unlocked FLASH Pages
Access limit set
according to the
FLASH security lock
byte
0x0000
Figure 11.2. PSCTL: Program Store R/W Control
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
-
-
-
Reserved
PSEE
PSWE
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x8F
Bits7-3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
110
Unused: Read = 00000b. Write = don’t care.
Reserved. Read = 0b. Must Write = 0b.
PSEE: Program Store Erase Enable
Setting this bit (in combination with PSWE) allows an entire page of FLASH program memory to be
erased. If this bit is logic 1 and FLASH writes are enabled (PSWE is logic 1), a write to FLASH
memory using the MOVX instruction will erase the entire page that contains the location addressed
by the MOVX instruction. The value of the data byte written does not matter.
0: FLASH program memory erasure disabled.
1: FLASH program memory erasure enabled.
PSWE: Program Store Write Enable
Setting this bit allows writing a byte of data to the FLASH program memory using the MOVX write
instruction. The FLASH location should be erased before writing data.
0: Writes to FLASH program memory disabled.
1: Writes to FLASH program memory enabled; the MOVX write instruction targets FLASH memory.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 11.3. FLKEY: FLASH Lock and Key Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xB7
Bits7-0:
FLKEY: FLASH Lock and Key Register
Write:
This register must be written to before FLASH writes or erases can be performed. FLASH remains
locked until this register is written to with the following key codes: 0xA5, 0xF1. The timing of the
writes does not matter, as long as the codes are written in order. The key codes must be written for
each FLASH write or erase operation. FLASH will be locked until the next system reset if the wrong
codes are written or if a FLASH operation is attempted before the codes have been written correctly.
Read:
When read, bits 1-0 indicate the current FLASH lock state.
00: FLASH is write/erase locked.
01: The first key code has been written (0xA5).
10: FLASH is unlocked (writes/erases allowed).
11: FLASH writes/erases disabled until the next reset.
Figure 11.4. FLSCL: FLASH Scale Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
FOSE
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
10000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xB6
Bits7:
Bits6-0:
FOSE: FLASH One-shot Enable
This bit enables the FLASH read one-shot. When the FLASH one-shot disabled, the FLASH sense
amps are enabled for a full clock cycle during FLASH reads. At system clock frequencies below
10 MHz, disabling the FLASH one-shot will increase system power consumption.
0: FLASH one-shot disabled.
1: FLASH one-shot enabled.
RESERVED. Read = 0. Must Write 0.
Rev. 1.1
111
C8051F320/1
Notes
112
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
12.
EXTERNAL RAM
The C8051F320/1 devices include 2048 bytes of on-chip XRAM. This XRAM space is split into user RAM
(addresses 0x0000 - 0x03FF) and USB0 FIFO space (addresses 0x0400 - 0x07FF).
Figure 12.1. External Ram Memory Map
0xFFFF
Same 2048 bytes as from
0x0000 to 0x07FF, wrapped
on 2K-byte boundaries
0x0800
0x07FF
0x0400
0x03FF
0x0000
12.1.
USB FIFOs
1024 Bytes
Accessed through USB FIFO
registers
XRAM
1024 Bytes
Accessed with the MOVX
instruction
Accessing User XRAM
XRAM can be accessed using the external move instruction (MOVX) and the data pointer (DPTR), or using MOVX
indirect addressing mode. If the MOVX instruction is used with an 8-bit address operand (such as @R1), then the
high byte of the 16-bit address is provided by the External Memory Interface Control Register (EMI0CN as shown in
Figure 12.3). Note: the MOVX instruction is also used for writes to the FLASH memory. See Section “11. FLASH
Memory” on page 107 for details. The MOVX instruction accesses XRAM by default.
For any of the addressing modes the upper 5 bits of the 16-bit external data memory address word are "don't cares".
As a result, the 2048-byte RAM is mapped modulo style over the entire 64k external data memory address range. For
example, the XRAM byte at address 0x0000 is also at address 0x0800, 0x1000, 0x1800, 0x2000, etc.
Important Note: The upper 1k of the 2k XRAM functions as USB FIFO space. See Section 12.2 for details on
accessing this memory space.
Rev. 1.1
113
C8051F320/1
12.2.
Accessing USB FIFO Space
The upper 1k of XRAM functions as USB FIFO space. Figure 12.2 shows an expanded view of the FIFO space and
user XRAM. FIFO space is accessed via USB FIFO registers; see Section “15.5. FIFO Management” on page 151
for more information on accessing these FIFOs. The MOVX instruction should not be used to load or modify USB
data in the FIFO space.
Unused areas of the FIFO space may be used as general purpose XRAM, accessible as described in Section 12.1. The
FIFO block operates on the USB clock domain; thus the USB clock must be active when accessing FIFO space. Note
that the number of SYSCLK cycles required by the MOVX instruction is increased when accessing USB FIFO space.
Important Note: The USB clock must be active when accessing FIFO space.
Figure 12.2. XRAM Memory Map Expanded View
0x03FF
0x07FF
0x07C0
Endpoint0
(64 bytes)
0x07BF
0x0740
Endpoint1
(128 bytes)
0x073F
Endpoint2
(256 bytes)
User XRAM Space
User XRAM
(1024 bytes)
(System Clock Domain)
USB FIFO Space
0x0640
(USB Clock Domain)
0x063F
Endpoint3
(512 bytes)
0x0440
0x043F
0x0000
114
0x0400
Rev. 1.1
Free
(64 bytes)
C8051F320/1
Figure 12.3. EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
-
-
-
PGSEL2
PGSEL1
PGSEL0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xAA
Bits7-3:
Bits2-0:
Not Used - reads 00000b.
PGSEL[2:0]: XRAM Page Select Bits.
The XRAM Page Select Bits provide the high byte of the 16-bit external data memory address when
using an 8-bit MOVX command, effectively selecting a 256-byte page of RAM. The upper 5-bits are
"don't cares", so the 2k address blocks are repeated modulo over the entire 64k external data memory
address space.
Rev. 1.1
115
C8051F320/1
Notes
116
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
13.
OSCILLATORS
C8051F320/1 devices include a programmable internal oscillator, an external oscillator drive circuit, and a 4x Clock
Multiplier. The internal oscillator can be enabled/disabled and calibrated using the OSCICN and OSCICL registers,
as shown in Figure 13.1. The system clock (SYSCLK) can be derived from the internal oscillator, external oscillator
circuit, or the 4x Clock Multiplier divided by 2. The USB clock (USBCLK) can be derived from the internal oscillator, external oscillator, or 4x Clock Multiplier. Oscillator electrical specifications are given in Table 13.3 on page 126.
Figure 13.1. Oscillator Diagram
IFCN1
IFCN0
IOSCEN
IFRDY
SUSPEND
Option 3
XTAL2
VDD
CLKSEL
CLKSL1
CLKSL0
OSCICN
USBCLK2
USBCLK1
USBCLK0
OSCICL
Option 2
XTAL2
EN
Programmable
Internal Clock
Generator
Option 1
IOSC
n
XTAL1
Input
Circuit
10MΩ
OSC
EXOSC
SYSCLK
Option 4
XTAL2
XTLVLD
XTAL2
IOSC
EXOSC
x2
EXOSC / 2
x2
Clock Multiplier
IOSC / 2
EXOSC
MULSEL1
MULSEL0
CLKMUL
EXOSC / 3
EXOSC / 4
USBCLK2-0
OSCXCN
MULEN
MULINIT
MULRDY
XFCN2
XFCN1
XFCN0
XTLVLD
XOSCMD2
XOSCMD1
XOSCMD0
USBCLK
EXOSC / 2
13.1.
Programmable Internal Oscillator
All C8051F320/1 devices include a programmable internal oscillator that defaults as the system clock after a system
reset. The internal oscillator period can be programmed via the OSCICL register as defined by Equation 13.1, where
fBASE is the frequency of the internal oscillator following a reset, ∆T is the change in internal oscillator period, and
∆OSCICL is a change to the value held in register OSCICL.
Equation 13.1. Typical Change in Internal Oscillator Period with OSCICL
1
∆T ≅ 0.0025 × ------------- × ∆OSCICL
f BASE
Rev. 1.1
117
C8051F320/1
On C8051F320/1 devices, OSCICL is factory calibrated to obtain a 12 MHz base frequency (fBASE). Section 13.1.1
details oscillator programming for C8051F320/1 devices. Electrical specifications for the precision internal oscillator
are given in Table 13.3 on page 126. Note that the system clock may be derived from the programmed internal oscillator divided by 1, 2, 4, or 8, as defined by the IFCN bits in register OSCICN. The divide value defaults to 8 following a reset.
13.1.1. Programming the Internal Oscillator on C8051F320/1 Devices
The OSCICL reset value is factory calibrated to result in a 12 MHz internal oscillator with a ±1.5% accuracy; this frequency is suitable for use as the USB clock (see Section 13.4). Software may modify the frequency of the internal
oscillator as described below.
Important Note: Once the internal oscillator frequency has been modified, the internal oscillator may not be used as
the USB clock as described in Section 13.4. The internal oscillator frequency will reset to its original factory-calibrated frequency following any device reset, at which point the oscillator is suitable for use as the USB clock.
Software should read and adjust the value of OSCICL according to Equation 13.1 to obtain the desired frequency.
The example below shows how to obtain an 11.6 MHz internal oscillator frequency.
fBASE is the internal oscillator reset frequency; TBASE is the reset oscillator period.
fDES is the desired internal oscillator frequency; TDES is the desired oscillator period.
f BASE = 12000000Hz
1
T BASE = ------------------------ s
12000000
f DES = 11600000Hz
1
T DES = ------------------------ s
11600000
The required change in period (∆TDES) is the difference between the base period and the desired period.
1 - – ----------------------1 - = 2.87 × 10 – 9 s
∆T DES = ----------------------11600000 12000000
Using Equation 13.1 and the above calculations, find ∆OSCICL:
2.87 × 10
–9
1
= 0.0025 × ------------- × ∆OSCICL
f BASE
∆OSCICL = 13.79
∆OSCICL is rounded to the nearest integer (14) and added to the reset value of register OSCICL.
Important Note: If the sum of the reset value of OSCICL and ∆OSCICL is greater than 31 or less than 0, then the
device will not be capable of producing the desired frequency.
13.1.2. Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode
The internal oscillator may be placed in Suspend mode by writing ‘1’ to the SUSPEND bit in register OSCICN. In
Suspend mode, the internal oscillator is stopped until a non-idle USB event is detected (Section 15) or VBUS
matches the polarity selected by the VBPOL bit in register REG0CN (Section 8.2). Note that the USB transceiver
must be enabled for a USB event to be detected.
118
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 13.2. OSCICN: Internal Oscillator Control Register
R/W
R
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
IOSCEN
IFRDY
SUSPEND
-
-
-
IFCN1
IFCN0
00010100
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xB2
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bits4-2:
Bits1-0:
IOSCEN: Internal Oscillator Enable Bit.
0: Internal Oscillator Disabled.
1: Internal Oscillator Enabled.
IFRDY: Internal Oscillator Frequency Ready Flag.
0: Internal Oscillator is not running at programmed frequency.
1: Internal Oscillator is running at programmed frequency.
SUSPEND: Force Suspend
Writing a ‘1’ to this bit will force the internal oscillator to be stopped. The oscillator will be re-started
on the next non-idle USB event (i.e., RESUME signaling) or VBUS interrupt event (see Figure 8.5).
UNUSED. Read = 000b, Write = don't care.
IFCN1-0: Internal Oscillator Frequency Control Bits.
00: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 8.
01: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 4.
10: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 2.
11: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 1.
Figure 13.3. OSCICL: Internal Oscillator Calibration Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
-
-
-
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
OSCCAL
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Variable
0xB3
Bits4-0:
OSCCAL: Oscillator Calibration Value
These bits determine the internal oscillator period as per Equation 13.1.
Note: The contents of this register are undefined when Clock Recovery is enabled. See Section “15.4. USB
Clock Configuration” on page 150 for details on Clock Recovery.
Rev. 1.1
119
C8051F320/1
13.2.
External Oscillator Drive Circuit
The external oscillator circuit may drive an external crystal, ceramic resonator, capacitor, or RC network. A CMOS
clock may also provide a clock input. For a crystal or ceramic resonator configuration, the crystal/resonator must be
wired across the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins as shown in Option 1 of Figure 13.1. A 10 MΩ resistor also must be wired
across the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins for the crystal/resonator configuration. In RC, capacitor, or CMOS clock configuration, the clock source should be wired to the XTAL2 pin as shown in Option 2, 3, or 4 of Figure 13.1. The type of
external oscillator must be selected in the OSCXCN register, and the frequency control bits (XFCN) must be selected
appropriately (see Figure 13.4)
Important Note on External Oscillator Usage: Port pins must be configured when using the external oscillator circuit. When the external oscillator drive circuit is enabled in crystal/resonator mode, Port pins P0.2 and P0.3 are used
as XTAL1 and XTAL2 respectively. When the external oscillator drive circuit is enabled in capacitor, RC, or CMOS
clock mode, Port pin P0.3 is used as XTAL2. The Port I/O Crossbar should be configured to skip the Port pins used
by the oscillator circuit; see Section “14.1. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 129 for Crossbar configuration.
Additionally, when using the external oscillator circuit in crystal/resonator, capacitor, or RC mode, the associated
Port pins should be configured as analog inputs. In CMOS clock mode, the associated pin should be configured as a
digital input. See Section “14.2. Port I/O Initialization” on page 131 for details on Port input mode selection.
13.2.1. Clocking Timers Directly Through the External Oscillator
The external oscillator source divided by eight is a clock option for the timers (Section “19. Timers” on page 217)
and the Programmable Counter Array (PCA) (Section “20. Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)” on page 235).
When the external oscillator is used to clock these peripherals, but is not used as the system clock, the external oscillator frequency must be less than or equal to the system clock frequency. In this configuration, the clock supplied to
the peripheral (external oscillator / 8) is synchronized with the system clock; the jitter associated with this synchronization is limited to ±0.5 system clock cycles.
13.2.2. External Crystal Example
If a crystal or ceramic resonator is used as an external oscillator source for the MCU, the circuit should be configured
as shown in Figure 13.1, Option 1. The External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) should be chosen from
the Crystal column of the table in Figure 13.4 (OSCXCN register). For example, a 12 MHz crystal requires an XFCN
setting of 111b.
When the crystal oscillator is first enabled, the oscillator amplitude detection circuit requires a settling time to
achieve proper bias. Introducing a delay of 1 ms between enabling the oscillator and checking the XTLVLD bit will
prevent a premature switch to the external oscillator as the system clock. Switching to the external oscillator before
the crystal oscillator has stabilized can result in unpredictable behavior. The recommended procedure is:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Step 4.
Enable the external oscillator.
Wait at least 1 ms.
Poll for XTLVLD => ‘1’.
Switch the system clock to the external oscillator.
Important Note on External Crystals: Crystal oscillator circuits are quite sensitive to PCB layout. The crystal
should be placed as close as possible to the XTAL pins on the device. The traces should be as short as possible and
shielded with ground plane from any other traces which could introduce noise or interference.
120
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
13.2.3. External RC Example
If an RC network is used as an external oscillator source for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as shown in
Figure 13.1, Option 2. The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however for very small capacitors, the total
capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To determine the required External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) in the OSCXCN Register, first select the RC network value to produce the
desired frequency of oscillation. If the frequency desired is 100 kHz, let R = 246 kΩ and C = 50 pF:
f = 1.23( 103 ) / RC = 1.23 ( 103 ) / [ 246 * 50 ] = 0.1 MHz = 100 kHz
Referring to the table in Figure 13.4, the required XFCN setting is 010b. Programming XFCN to a higher setting in
RC mode will improve frequency accuracy at an increased external oscillator supply current.
13.2.4. External Capacitor Example
If a capacitor is used as an external oscillator for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as shown in Figure 13.1,
Option 3. The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however for very small capacitors, the total capacitance
may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To determine the required External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) in the OSCXCN Register, select the capacitor to be used and find the frequency of
oscillation from the equations below. Assume VDD = 3.0 V and C = 50 pF:
f = KF / ( C * VDD ) = KF / ( 50 * 3 ) MHz
f = KF / 150 MHz
If a frequency of roughly 150 kHz is desired, select the K Factor from the table in Figure 13.4 as KF = 22:
f = 22 / 150 = 0.146 MHz, or 146 kHz
Therefore, the XFCN value to use in this example is 011b.
Rev. 1.1
121
C8051F320/1
Figure 13.4. OSCXCN: External Oscillator Control Register
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
XTLVLD XOSCMD2 XOSCMD1 XOSCMD0
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
XFCN2
XFCN1
XFCN0
00000000
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xB1
Bit7:
Bits6-4:
Bit3:
Bits2-0:
XTLVLD: Crystal Oscillator Valid Flag.
(Read only when XOSCMD = 11x.)
0: Crystal Oscillator is unused or not yet stable.
1: Crystal Oscillator is running and stable.
XOSCMD2-0: External Oscillator Mode Bits.
00x: External Oscillator circuit off.
010: External CMOS Clock Mode.
011: External CMOS Clock Mode with divide by 2 stage.
100: RC Oscillator Mode.
101: Capacitor Oscillator Mode.
110: Crystal Oscillator Mode.
111: Crystal Oscillator Mode with divide by 2 stage.
RESERVED. Read = 0, Write = don't care.
XFCN2-0: External Oscillator Frequency Control Bits.
000-111: See table below:
XFCN
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Crystal (XOSCMD = 11x)
f ≤ 32kHz
32kHz < f ≤ 84kHz
84kHz < f ≤ 225kHz
225kHz < f ≤ 590kHz
590kHz < f ≤ 1.5MHz
1.5MHz < f ≤ 4MHz
4MHz < f ≤ 10MHz
10MHz < f ≤ 30MHz
RC (XOSCMD = 10x)
f ≤ 25kHz
25kHz < f ≤ 50kHz
50kHz < f ≤ 100kHz
100kHz < f ≤ 200kHz
200kHz < f ≤ 400kHz
400kHz < f ≤ 800kHz
800kHz < f ≤ 1.6MHz
1.6MHz < f ≤ 3.2MHz
CRYSTAL MODE (Circuit from Figure 13.1, Option 1; XOSCMD = 11x)
Choose XFCN value to match crystal or resonator frequency.
RC MODE (Circuit from Figure 13.1, Option 2; XOSCMD = 10x)
Choose XFCN value to match frequency range:
f = 1.23(103) / (R * C), where
f = frequency of clock in MHz
C = capacitor value in pF
R = Pull-up resistor value in kΩ
C MODE (Circuit from Figure 13.1, Option 3; XOSCMD = 10x)
Choose K Factor (KF) for the oscillation frequency desired:
f = KF / (C * VDD), where
f = frequency of clock in MHz
C = capacitor value the XTAL2 pin in pF
VDD = Power Supply on MCU in volts
122
Rev. 1.1
C (XOSCMD = 10x)
K Factor = 0.87
K Factor = 2.6
K Factor = 7.7
K Factor = 22
K Factor = 65
K Factor = 180
K Factor = 664
K Factor = 1590
C8051F320/1
13.3.
4x Clock Multiplier
The 4x Clock Multiplier allows a 12 MHz oscillator to generate the 48 MHz clock required for Full Speed USB communication (see Section “15.4. USB Clock Configuration” on page 150). A divided version of the Multiplier output can also be used as the system clock. See Section 13.4 for details on system clock and USB clock source
selection.
The 4x Clock Multiplier is configured via the CLKMUL register. The procedure for configuring and enabling the 4x
Clock Multiplier is as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reset the Multiplier by writing 0x00 to register CLKMUL.
Select the Multiplier input source via the MULSEL bits.
Enable the Multiplier with the MULEN bit (CLKMUL | = 0x80).
Delay for >5 µs.
Initialize the Multiplier with the MULINIT bit (CLKMUL | = 0xC0).
Poll for MULRDY => ‘1’.
Important Note: When using an external oscillator as the input to the 4x Clock Multiplier, the external source
must be enabled and stable before the Multiplier is initialized. See Section 13.4 for details on selecting an external oscillator source.
Figure 13.5. CLKMUL: Clock Multiplier Control Register
R/W
MULEN
Bit7
R/W
R
MULINIT MULRDY
Bit6
Bit5
R/W
R/W
R/W
-
-
-
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
R/W
R/W
MULSEL
Bit1
Bit0
Reset Value
00000000
SFR Address
0xB9
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bits4-2:
Bits1-0:
MULEN: Clock Multiplier Enable
0: Clock Multiplier disabled.
1: Clock Multiplier enabled.
MULINIT: Clock Multiplier Initialize
This bit should be a ‘0’ when the Clock Multiplier is enabled. Once enabled, writing a ‘1’ to this bit
will initialize the Clock Multiplier. The MULRDY bit reads ‘1’ when the Clock Multiplier is stabilized.
MULRDY: Clock Multiplier Ready
This read-only bit indicates the status of the Clock Multiplier.
0: Clock Multiplier not ready.
1: Clock Multiplier ready (locked).
Unused. Read = 000b; Write = don’t care.
MULSEL: Clock Multiplier Input Select
These bits select the clock supplied to the Clock Multiplier.
MULSEL
00
01
10
11
Selected Clock
Internal Oscillator
External Oscillator
External Oscillator / 2
RESERVED
Rev. 1.1
123
C8051F320/1
13.4.
System and USB Clock Selection
The internal oscillator requires little start-up time and may be selected as the system or USB clock immediately following the OSCICN write that enables the internal oscillator. External crystals and ceramic resonators typically
require a start-up time before they are settled and ready for use. The Crystal Valid Flag (XTLVLD in register
OSCXCN) is set to ‘1’ by hardware when the external oscillator is settled. To avoid reading a false XTLVLD, in
crystal mode software should delay at least 1 ms between enabling the external oscillator and checking
XTLVLD. RC and C modes typically require no startup time.
13.4.1. System Clock Selection
The CLKSL[1:0] bits in register CLKSEL select which oscillator source is used as the system clock. CLKSL[1:0]
must be set to 01b for the system clock to run from the external oscillator; however the external oscillator may still
clock certain peripherals (timers, PCA, USB) when the internal oscillator is selected as the system clock. The system
clock may be switched on-the-fly between the internal oscillator, external oscillator, and 4x Clock Multiplier so long
as the selected oscillator is enabled and has settled.
13.4.2. USB Clock Selection
The USBCLK[2:0] bits in register CLKSEL select which oscillator source is used as the USB clock. The USB clock
may be derived from the 4x Clock Multiplier output, a divided version of the internal oscillator, or a divided version
of the external oscillator. Note that the USB clock must be 48 MHz when operating USB0 as a Full Speed Function;
the USB clock must be 6 MHz when operating USB0 as a Low Speed Function. See Figure 13.6 for USB clock selection options.
Some example USB clock configurations for Full and Low Speed mode are given below:
Table 13.1. Typical USB Full Speed Clock Settings
Clock Signal
USB Clock
Clock Multiplier Input
Internal Oscillator
Clock Signal
USB Clock
Clock Multiplier Input
External Oscillator
†
Internal Oscillator
Input Source Selection
Clock Multiplier
Internal Oscillator†
Divide by 1
External Oscillator
Input Source Selection
Clock Multiplier
External Oscillator
Crystal Oscillator Mode
12 MHz Crystal
Register Bit Settings
USBCLK = 000b
MULSEL = 00b
IFCN = 11b
Register Bit Settings
USBCLK = 000b
MULSEL = 01b
XOSCMD = 110b
XFCN = 111b
Clock Recovery must be enabled for this configuration.
Table 13.2. Typical USB Low Speed Clock Settings
Clock Signal
USB Clock
Internal Oscillator
Clock Signal
USB Clock
External Oscillator
124
Internal Oscillator
Input Source Selection
Internal Oscillator / 2
Divide by 1
External Oscillator
Input Source Selection
External Oscillator / 4
Crystal Oscillator Mode
24 MHz Crystal
Rev. 1.1
Register Bit Settings
USBCLK = 001b
IFCN = 11b
Register Bit Settings
USBCLK = 101b
XOSCMD = 110b
XFCN = 111b
C8051F320/1
Figure 13.6. CLKSEL: Clock Select Register
R/W
R/W
Bit7
R/W
R/W
USBCLK
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
R/W
R/W
-
-
Bit3
Bit2
R/W
R/W
CLKSL
Bit1
Reset Value
00000000
Bit0
SFR Address
0xA9
Bit 7:
Bits6-4:
Unused. Read = 0b; Write = don’t care.
USBCLK2-0: USB Clock Select
These bits select the clock supplied to USB0. When operating USB0 in full-speed mode, the selected
clock should be 48 MHz. When operating USB0 in low-speed mode, the selected clock should be
6 MHz.
USBCLK
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Bits3-2:
Bits1-0:
Selected Clock
4x Clock Multiplier
Internal Oscillator / 2
External Oscillator
External Oscillator / 2
External Oscillator / 3
External Oscillator / 4
RESERVED
RESERVED
Unused. Read = 00b; Write = don’t care.
CLKSL1-0: System Clock Select
These bits select the system clock source.
CLKSL
00
01
10
11
Selected Clock
Internal Oscillator (as determined by the IFCN
bits in register OSCICN)
External Oscillator
4x Clock Multiplier / 2
RESERVED
Rev. 1.1
125
C8051F320/1
Table 13.3. Internal Oscillator Electrical Characteristics
-40°C to +85°C unless otherwise specified
PARAMETER
Internal Oscillator Frequency
Internal Oscillator Supply Current
(from VDD)
USB Clock Frequency†
†Applies
126
CONDITIONS
Reset Frequency
MIN
11.82
OSCICN.7 = 1
TYP
12
MAX
12.18
450
µA
Full Speed Mode
47.88
48
48.12
Low Speed Mode
5.91
6
6.09
only to external oscillator sources.
Rev. 1.1
UNITS
MHz
MHz
C8051F320/1
14.
PORT INPUT/OUTPUT
Digital and analog resources are available through 25 I/O pins (C8051F320) or 21 I/O pins (C8051F321). Port pins
are organized as shown in Figure 14.1. Each of the Port pins can be defined as general-purpose I/O (GPIO) or analog
input; Port pins P0.0-P2.3 can be assigned to one of the internal digital resources as shown in Figure 14.3. The
designer has complete control over which functions are assigned, limited only by the number of physical I/O pins.
This resource assignment flexibility is achieved through the use of a Priority Crossbar Decoder. Note that the state of
a Port I/O pin can always be read in the corresponding Port latch, regardless of the Crossbar settings.
The Crossbar assigns the selected internal digital resources to the I/O pins based on the Priority Decoder (Figure 14.3
and Figure 14.4). The registers XBR0 and XBR1, defined in Figure 14.5 and Figure 14.6, are used to select internal
digital functions.
All Port I/Os are 5 V tolerant (refer to Figure 14.2 for the Port cell circuit). The Port I/O cells are configured as either
push-pull or open-drain in the Port Output Mode registers (PnMDOUT, where n = 0,1,2,3). Complete Electrical Specifications for Port I/O are given in Table 14.1 on page 142.
Figure 14.1. Port I/O Functional Block Diagram
XBR0, XBR1,
PnSKIP Registers
PnMDOUT,
PnMDIN Registers
Priority
Decoder
Highest
Priority
2
UART
(Internal Digital Signals)
P0
I/O
Cells
P0.0
P1
I/O
Cells
P1.0
P2
I/O
Cells
P2.0
P3
I/O
Cells
P3.0
2
8
Note: P2.4-P2.7 only available
on the C8051F320
4
SPI
8
CP0
Outputs
2
CP1
Outputs
2
Digital
Crossbar
8
8
SYSCLK
1
T0, T1
P0
P1.7
P2.7
6
PCA
Lowest
Priority
P0.7
2
SMBus
(P0.0-P0.7)
(Port Latches)
8
P1
(P1.0-P1.7)
P2
(P2.0-P2.7)
8
8
P3
(P3.0)
Rev. 1.1
127
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram
/WEAK-PULLUP
VDD
PUSH-PULL
/PORT-OUTENABLE
(WEAK)
PORT
PAD
PORT-OUTPUT
GND
Analog Select
ANALOG INPUT
PORT-INPUT
128
VDD
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
14.1.
Priority Crossbar Decoder
The Priority Crossbar Decoder (Figure 14.3) assigns a priority to each I/O function, starting at the top with UART0.
When a digital resource is selected, the least-significant unassigned Port pin is assigned to that resource (excluding
UART0, which is always at pins 4 and 5). If a Port pin is assigned, the Crossbar skips that pin when assigning the next
selected resource. Additionally, the Crossbar will skip Port pins whose associated bits in the PnSKIP registers are set.
The PnSKIP registers allow software to skip Port pins that are to be used for analog input, dedicated functions, or
GPIO.
Important Note on Crossbar Configuration: If a Port pin is claimed by a peripheral without use of the Crossbar, its
corresponding PnSKIP bit should be set. This applies to P0.7 if VREF is used, P0.3 and/or P0.2 if the external oscillator circuit is enabled, P0.6 if the ADC is configured to use the external conversion start signal (CNVSTR), and any
selected ADC or Comparator inputs. The Crossbar skips selected pins as if they were already assigned, and moves to
the next unassigned pin. Figure 14.3 shows the Crossbar Decoder priority with no Port pins skipped (P0SKIP,
P1SKIP, P2SKIP = 0x00); Figure 14.4 shows the Crossbar Decoder priority with the XTAL1 (P0.2) and XTAL2
(P0.3) pins skipped (P0SKIP = 0x0C).
Figure 14.3. Crossbar Priority Decoder with No Pins Skipped
P1
1
2
3
4
5
VREF
0
CNVSTR
PIN I/O
XTAL2
SF Signals
XTAL1
P0
6
7
0
1
2
3
P2
4
5
6
7
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
4
5
6
7
TX0
RX0
SCK
MISO
MOSI
NSS*
*NSS is only pinned out in 4-wire SPI mode
SDA
SCL
CP0
Signals Unavailable
CP0A
CP1
CP1A
SYSCLK
CEX0
CEX1
CEX2
CEX3
CEX4
ECI
T0
T1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P0SKIP[0:7]
0
0
0
0
0
0
P1SKIP[0:7]
P2SKIP[0:3]
Port pin potentially available to peripheral
SF Signals Special Function Signals are not assigned by the Crossbar. When these signals are enabled, the Crossbar must
be manually configured to skip their corresponding port pins.
Rev. 1.1
129
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.4. Crossbar Priority Decoder with Crystal Pins Skipped
1
2
3
4
5
VREF
0
P1
CNVSTR
PIN I/O
XTAL2
SF Signals
XTAL1
P0
6
7
0
1
2
3
P2
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
4
5
6
7
TX0
RX0
SCK
MISO
MOSI
*NSS is only pinned out in 4-wire SPI mode
NSS*
SDA
SCL
CP0
Signals Unavailable
CP0A
CP1
CP1A
SYSCLK
CEX0
CEX1
CEX2
CEX3
CEX4
ECI
T0
T1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
P0SKIP[0:7]
0
0
0
0
0
0
P1SKIP[0:7]
0
0
0
0
P2SKIP[0:3]
Port pin potentially available to peripheral
SF Signals Special Function Signals are not assigned by the Crossbar. When these signals are enabled, the Crossbar must
be manually configured to skip their corresponding port pins.
Registers XBR0 and XBR1 are used to assign the digital I/O resources to the physical I/O Port pins. Note that when
the SMBus is selected, the Crossbar assigns both pins associated with the SMBus (SDA and SCL); when the UART is
selected, the Crossbar assigns both pins associated with the UART (TX and RX). UART0 pin assignments are fixed
for bootloading purposes: UART TX0 is always assigned to P0.4; UART RX0 is always assigned to P0.5. Standard
Port I/Os appear contiguously after the prioritized functions have been assigned.
Important Note: The SPI can be operated in either 3-wire or 4-wire modes, depending on the state of the NSSMD1NSSMD0 bits in register SPI0CN. According to the SPI mode, the NSS signal may or may not be routed to a Port pin.
130
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
14.2.
Port I/O Initialization
Port I/O initialization consists of the following steps:
Step 1. Select the input mode (analog or digital) for all Port pins, using the Port Input Mode register
(PnMDIN).
Step 2. Select the output mode (open-drain or push-pull) for all Port pins, using the Port Output Mode
register (PnMDOUT).
Step 3. Select any pins to be skipped by the I/O Crossbar using the Port Skip registers (PnSKIP).
Step 4. Assign Port pins to desired peripherals (XBR0, XBR1).
Step 5. Enable the Crossbar (XBARE = ‘1’).
All Port pins must be configured as either analog or digital inputs. Any pins to be used as Comparator or ADC inputs
should be configured as an analog inputs. When a pin is configured as an analog input, its weak pull-up, digital driver,
and digital receiver are disabled. This process saves power and reduces noise on the analog input. Pins configured as
digital inputs may still be used by analog peripherals; however this practice is not recommended. To configure a Port
pin for digital input, write ‘0’ to the corresponding bit in register PnMDOUT, and write ‘1’ to the corresponding Port
latch (register Pn).
Additionally, all analog input pins should be configured to be skipped by the Crossbar (accomplished by setting the
associated bits in PnSKIP). Port input mode is set in the PnMDIN register, where a ‘1’ indicates a digital input, and a
‘0’ indicates an analog input. All pins default to digital inputs on reset. See Figure 14.8 for the PnMDIN register
details.
The output driver characteristics of the I/O pins are defined using the Port Output Mode registers (PnMDOUT). Each
Port Output driver can be configured as either open drain or push-pull. This selection is required even for the digital
resources selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic. The only exception to this is the SMBus (SDA, SCL)
pins, which are configured as open-drain regardless of the PnMDOUT settings. When the WEAKPUD bit in XBR1 is
‘0’, a weak pull-up is enabled for all Port I/O configured as open-drain. WEAKPUD does not affect the push-pull
Port I/O. Furthermore, the weak pull-up is turned off on an output that is driving a ‘0’ to avoid unnecessary power
dissipation.
Registers XBR0 and XBR1 must be loaded with the appropriate values to select the digital I/O functions required by
the design. Setting the XBARE bit in XBR1 to ‘1’ enables the Crossbar. Until the Crossbar is enabled, the external
pins remain as standard Port I/O (in input mode), regardless of the XBRn Register settings. For given XBRn Register
settings, one can determine the I/O pin-out using the Priority Decode Table; as an alternative, the Configuration Wizard utility of the Silicon Labs IDE software will determine the Port I/O pin-assignments based on the XBRn Register
settings.
Important Note: The Crossbar must be enabled to use Ports P0, P1, and P2.0-P2.3 as standard Port I/O in output
mode. These Port output drivers are disabled while the Crossbar is disabled. P2.4-P2.7 and P3.0 always function as
standard GPIO.
Rev. 1.1
131
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.5. XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar Register 0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
CP1AE
CP1E
CP0AE
CP0E
SYSCKE
SMB0E
SPI0E
URT0E
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xE1
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
132
CP1AE: Comparator1 Asynchronous Output Enable
0: Asynchronous CP1 unavailable at Port pin.
1: Asynchronous CP1 routed to Port pin.
CP1E: Comparator1 Output Enable
0: CP1 unavailable at Port pin.
1: CP1 routed to Port pin.
CP0AE: Comparator0 Asynchronous Output Enable
0: Asynchronous CP0 unavailable at Port pin.
1: Asynchronous CP0 routed to Port pin.
CP0E: Comparator0 Output Enable
0: CP0 unavailable at Port pin.
1: CP0 routed to Port pin.
SYSCKE: /SYSCLK Output Enable
0: /SYSCLK unavailable at Port pin.
1: /SYSCLK output routed to Port pin.
SMB0E: SMBus I/O Enable
0: SMBus I/O unavailable at Port pins.
1: SMBus I/O routed to Port pins.
SPI0E: SPI I/O Enable
0: SPI I/O unavailable at Port pins.
1: SPI I/O routed to Port pins.
URT0E: UART I/O Output Enable
0: UART I/O unavailable at Port pin.
1: UART TX0, RX0 routed to Port pins P0.4 and P0.5.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.6. XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
WEAKPUD
XBARE
T1E
T0E
ECIE
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit0
SFR Address:
PCA0ME
Bit2
Bit1
00000000
0xE2
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bits2-0:
WEAKPUD: Port I/O Weak Pull-up Disable.
0: Weak Pull-ups enabled (except for Ports whose I/O are configured as analog input or push-pull
output).
1: Weak Pull-ups disabled.
XBARE: Crossbar Enable.
0: Crossbar disabled; all Port drivers disabled.
1: Crossbar enabled.
T1E: T1 Enable
0: T1 unavailable at Port pin.
1: T1 routed to Port pin.
T0E: T0 Enable
0: T0 unavailable at Port pin.
1: T0 routed to Port pin.
ECIE: PCA0 External Counter Input Enable
0: ECI unavailable at Port pin.
1: ECI routed to Port pin.
PCA0ME: PCA Module I/O Enable Bits.
000: All PCA I/O unavailable at Port pins.
001: CEX0 routed to Port pin.
010: CEX0, CEX1 routed to Port pins.
011: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2 routed to Port pins.
100: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3 routed to Port pins.
101: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3, CEX4 routed to Port pins.
110: Reserved.
111: Reserved.
Rev. 1.1
133
C8051F320/1
14.3.
General Purpose Port I/O
Port pins that remain unassigned by the Crossbar and are not used by analog peripherals can be used for general purpose I/O. Ports3-0 are accessed through corresponding special function registers (SFRs) that are both byte addressable and bit addressable. When writing to a Port, the value written to the SFR is latched to maintain the output data
value at each pin. When reading, the logic levels of the Port's input pins are returned regardless of the XBRn settings
(i.e., even when the pin is assigned to another signal by the Crossbar, the Port register can always read its corresponding Port I/O pin). The exception to this is the execution of the read-modify-write instructions. The read-modify-write
instructions when operating on a Port SFR are the following: ANL, ORL, XRL, JBC, CPL, INC, DEC, DJNZ and
MOV, CLR or SETB, when the destination is an individual bit in a Port SFR. For these instructions, the value of the
register (not the pin) is read, modified, and written back to the SFR.
134
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.7. P0: Port0 Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P0.7
P0.6
P0.5
P0.4
P0.3
P0.2
P0.1
P0.0
11111111
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bits7-0:
Reset Value
0x80
P0.[7:0]
Write - Output appears on I/O pins per Crossbar Registers (when XBARE = ‘1’).
0: Logic Low Output.
1: Logic High Output (high impedance if corresponding P0MDOUT.n bit = 0).
Read - Always reads ‘0’ if selected as analog input in register P0MDIN. Directly reads Port pin when
configured as digital input.
0: P0.n pin is logic low.
1: P0.n pin is logic high.
Figure 14.8. P0MDIN: Port0 Input Mode Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
11111111
0xF1
Bits7-0:
Analog Input Configuration Bits for P0.7-P0.0 (respectively).
Port pins configured as analog inputs have their weak pull-up, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled.
0: Corresponding P0.n pin is configured as an analog input.
1: Corresponding P0.n pin is not configured as an analog input.
Rev. 1.1
135
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.9. P0MDOUT: Port0 Output Mode Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xA4
Bits7-0:
Output Configuration Bits for P0.7-P0.0 (respectively): ignored if corresponding bit in register
P0MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P0.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P0.n Output is push-pull.
(Note: When SDA and SCL appear on any of the Port I/O, each are open-drain regardless of the value
of P0MDOUT).
Figure 14.10. P0SKIP: Port0 Skip Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xD4
Bits7-0:
136
P0SKIP[7:0]: Port0 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins used as analog inputs (for
ADC or Comparator) or used as special functions (VREF input, external oscillator circuit, CNVSTR
input) should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P0.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P0.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.11. P1: Port1 Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P1.7
P1.6
P1.5
P1.4
P1.3
P1.2
P1.1
P1.0
11111111
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bits7-0:
Reset Value
0x90
P1.[7:0]
Write - Output appears on I/O pins per Crossbar Registers (when XBARE = ‘1’).
0: Logic Low Output.
1: Logic High Output (high impedance if corresponding P1MDOUT.n bit = 0).
Read - Always reads ‘0’ if selected as analog input in register P1MDIN. Directly reads Port pin when
configured as digital input.
0: P1.n pin is logic low.
1: P1.n pin is logic high.
Figure 14.12. P1MDIN: Port1 Input Mode Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
11111111
0xF2
Bits7-0:
Analog Input Configuration Bits for P1.7-P1.0 (respectively).
Port pins configured as analog inputs have their weak pull-up, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled.
0: Corresponding P1.n pin is configured as an analog input.
1: Corresponding P1.n pin is not configured as an analog input.
Rev. 1.1
137
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.13. P1MDOUT: Port1 Output Mode Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xA5
Bits7-0:
Output Configuration Bits for P1.7-P1.0 (respectively): ignored if corresponding bit in register
P1MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P1.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P1.n Output is push-pull.
Figure 14.14. P1SKIP: Port1 Skip Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
00000000
0xD5
Bits7-0:
138
P1SKIP[7:0]: Port1 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins used as analog inputs (for
ADC or Comparator) or used as special functions (VREF input, external oscillator circuit, CNVSTR
input) should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P1.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P1.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.15. P2: Port2 Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P2.7
P2.6
P2.5
P2.4
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1
P2.0
11111111
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bits7-0:
Reset Value
0xA0
P2.[7:0]
Write - Output appears on I/O pins per Crossbar Registers (when XBARE = ‘1’).
0: Logic Low Output.
1: Logic High Output (high impedance if corresponding P2MDOUT.n bit = 0).
Read - Always reads ‘0’ if selected as analog input in register P2MDIN. Directly reads Port pin when
configured as digital input.
0: P2.n pin is logic low.
1: P2.n pin is logic high.
Note: P2.7-P2.4 only available on C8051F320 devices. Writes to these Ports do not require XBARE = ‘1’.
Figure 14.16. P2MDIN: Port2 Input Mode Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
11111111
0xF3
Bits7-0:
Analog Input Configuration Bits for P2.7-P2.0 (respectively).
Port pins configured as analog inputs have their weak pull-up, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled.
0: Corresponding P2.n pin is configured as an analog input.
1: Corresponding P2.n pin is not configured as an analog input.
Note: P2.7-P2.4 only available on C8051F320 devices.
Rev. 1.1
139
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.17. P2MDOUT: Port2 Output Mode Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xA6
Bits7-0:
Output Configuration Bits for P2.7-P2.0 (respectively): ignored if corresponding bit in register
P2MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P2.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P2.n Output is push-pull.
Note: P2.7-P2.4 only available on C8051F320 devices.
Figure 14.18. P2SKIP: Port2 Skip Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xD6
Bits7-4:
Bits3-0:
140
Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care.
P2SKIP[3:0]: Port2 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins used as analog inputs (for
ADC or Comparator) or used as special functions (VREF input, external oscillator circuit, CNVSTR
input) should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P2.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P2.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.19. P3: Port3 Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P3.7
P3.6
P3.5
P3.4
P3.3
P3.2
P3.1
P3.0
11111111
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bits7-0:
Reset Value
0xB0
P3.[7:0]
Write - Output appears on I/O pins.
0: Logic Low Output.
1: Logic High Output (high impedance if corresponding P3MDOUT.n bit = 0).
Read - Always reads ‘0’ if selected as analog input in register P3MDIN. Directly reads Port pin when
configured as digital input.
0: P3.n pin is logic low.
1: P3.n pin is logic high.
Figure 14.20. P3MDIN: Port3 Input Mode Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
00000001
0xF4
Bits7-1:
Bit0:
UNUSED. Read = 0000000b; Write = don’t care.
Analog Input Configuration Bit for P3.0.
Port pins configured as analog inputs have their weak pull-up, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled.
0: Corresponding P3.n pin is configured as an analog input.
1: Corresponding P3.n pin is not configured as an analog input.
Rev. 1.1
141
C8051F320/1
Figure 14.21. P3MDOUT: Port3 Output Mode Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
-
-
-
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xA7
Bits7-1:
Bit0:
UNUSED. Read = 0000000b; Write = don’t care.
Output Configuration Bit for P3.0; ignored if corresponding bit in register P3MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P3.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P3.n Output is push-pull.
Table 14.1. Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 2.7 to 3.6V, -40°C to +85°C unless otherwise specified
PARAMETERS
CONDITIONS
IOH = -3mA, Port I/O push-pull
Output High Voltage
IOH = -10µA, Port I/O push-pull
MIN
VDD-0.1
V
0.6
IOL = 10µA
0.1
V
1.0
Input High Voltage
Input Low Voltage
142
UNITS
VDD-0.8
IOL = 25mA
Input Leakage Current
MAX
VDD-0.7
IOH = -10mA, Port I/O push-pull
IOL = 8.5mA
Output Low Voltage
TYP
2.0
0.8
±1
Weak Pull-up Off
Weak Pull-up On, VIN = 0 V
Rev. 1.1
25
50
V
V
µA
C8051F320/1
15.
UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS CONTROLLER (USB0)
C8051F320/1 devices include a complete Full/Low Speed USB function for USB peripheral implementations†. The
USB Function Controller (USB0) consists of a Serial Interface Engine (SIE), USB Transceiver (including matching
resistors and configurable pull-up resistors), 1k FIFO block, and clock recovery mechanism for crystal-less operation.
No external components are required. The USB Function Controller and Transceiver is Universal Serial Bus Specification 2.0 compliant.
Figure 15.1. USB0 Block Diagram
Transceiver
Serial Interface Engine (SIE)
Endpoint0
VDD
IN/OUT
D+
Data
Transfer
Control
D-
Endpoint1
Endpoint2
Endpoint3
OUT
IN
IN
USB
Control,
Status, and
Interrupt
Registers
CIP-51 Core
OUT
IN
OUT
USB FIFOs
(1k RAM)
Important Note: This document assumes a comprehensive understanding of the USB Protocol.
Terms and abbreviations used in this document are defined in the USB Specification. We encourage
you to review the latest version of the USB Specification before proceeding.
† The C8051F320/1 cannot be used as a USB Host device.
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15.1.
Endpoint Addressing
A total of eight endpoint pipes are available. The control endpoint (Endpoint0) always functions as a bi-directional
IN/OUT endpoint. The other endpoints are implemented as three pairs of IN/OUT endpoint pipes:
Table 15.1. Endpoint Addressing Scheme
Endpoint
Endpoint0
Endpoint1
Endpoint2
Endpoint3
15.2.
Associated Pipes
Endpoint0 IN
Endpoint0 OUT
Endpoint1 IN
Endpoint1 OUT
Endpoint2 IN
Endpoint2 OUT
Endpoint3 IN
Endpoint3 OUT
USB Protocol Address
0x00
0x00
0x81
0x01
0x82
0x02
0x83
0x03
USB Transceiver
The USB Transceiver is configured via the USB0XCN register shown in Figure 15.2. This configuration includes
Transceiver enable/disable, pull-up resistor enable/disable, and device speed selection (Full or Low Speed). When bit
SPEED = ‘1’, USB0 operates as a Full Speed USB function, and the on-chip pull-up resistor (if enabled) appears on
the D+ pin. When bit SPEED = ‘0’, USB0 operates as a Low Speed USB function, and the on-chip pull-up resistor (if
enabled) appears on the D- pin. Bits4-0 of register USB0XCN can be used for Transceiver testing as described in
Figure 15.2. The pull-up resistor is enabled only when VBUS is present (see Section “8.2. VBUS Detection” on
page 69 for details on VBUS detection).
Important Note: The USB clock should be active before the Transceiver is enabled.
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Figure 15.2. USB0XCN: USB0 Transceiver Control
R/W
R/W
R/W
PREN
PHYEN
SPEED
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
R/W
R/W
PHYTST1 PHYTST0
Bit4
R
R
R
Reset Value
DFREC
Dp
Dn
00000000
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
Bit3
0xD7
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bits4-3:
PREN: Internal Pull-up Resistor Enable
The location of the pull-up resistor (D+ or D-) is determined by the SPEED bit.
0: Internal pull-up resistor disabled (device effectively detached from the USB network).
1: Internal pull-up resistor enabled when VBUS is present (device attached to the USB network).
PHYEN: Physical Layer Enable
This bit enables/disables the USB0 physical layer transceiver.
0: Transceiver disabled (suspend).
1: Transceiver enabled (normal).
SPEED: USB0 Speed Select
This bit selects the USB0 speed.
0: USB0 operates as a Low Speed device. If enabled, the internal pull-up resistor appears on the Dline.
1: USB0 operates as a Full Speed device. If enabled, the internal pull-up resistor appears on the D+
line.
PHYTST1-0: Physical Layer Test
These bits can be used to test the USB0 transceiver.
PHYTST[1:0]
00b
01b
10b
11b
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
Mode
Mode 0: Normal (non-test mode)
Mode 1: Differential ‘1’ Forced
Mode 2: Differential ‘0’ Forced
Mode 3: Single-Ended ‘0’ Forced
D+
X
1
0
0
DX
0
1
0
DFREC: Differential Receiver
The state of this bit indicates the current differential value present on the D+ and D- lines when
PHYEN = ‘1’.
0: Differential ‘0’ signaling on the bus.
1: Differential ‘1’ signaling on the bus.
Dp: D+ Signal Status
This bit indicates the current logic level of the D+ pin.
0: D+ signal currently at logic 0.
1: D+ signal currently at logic 1.
Dn: D- Signal Status
This bit indicates the current logic level of the D- pin.
0: D- signal currently at logic 0.
1: D- signal currently at logic 1.
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15.3.
USB Register Access
The USB0 controller registers listed in Table 15.2 are accessed through two SFRs: USB0 Address (USB0ADR) and
USB0 Data (USB0DAT). The USB0ADR register selects which USB register is targeted by reads/writes of the
USB0DAT register. See Figure 15.3.
Endpoint control/status registers are accessed by first writing the USB register INDEX with the target endpoint number. Once the target endpoint number is written to the INDEX register, the control/status registers associated with the
target endpoint may be accessed. See the “Indexed Registers” section of Table 15.2 for a list of endpoint control/status registers.
Important Note: The USB clock must be active when accessing USB registers.
Figure 15.3. USB0 Register Access Scheme
8051
SFRs
USB Controller
Interrupt
Registers
FIFO
Access
Common
Registers
Index
Register
USB0DAT
Endpoint0 Control/
Status Registers
Endpoint1 Control/
Status Registers
Endpoint2 Control/
Status Registers
USB0ADR
146
Endpoint3 Control/
Status Registers
Rev. 1.1
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Figure 15.4. USB0ADR: USB0 Indirect Address Register
R/W
R/W
BUSY
AUTORD
Bit7
Bit6
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
USBADDR
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Reset Value
00000000
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x96
Bits7:
Bit6:
Bits5-0:
BUSY: USB0 Register Read Busy Flag
This bit is used during indirect USB0 register accesses. Software should write ‘1’ to this bit to initiate
a read of the USB0 register targeted by the USBADDR bits (USB0ADR.[5-0]). The target address
and BUSY bit may be written in the same write to USB0ADR. After BUSY is set to ‘1’, hardware
will clear BUSY when the targeted register data is ready in the USB0DAT register. Software should
check BUSY for ‘0’ before writing to USB0DAT.
Write:
0: No effect.
1: A USB0 indirect register read is initiated at the address specified by the USBADDR bits.
Read:
0: USB0DAT register data is valid.
1: USB0 is busy accessing an indirect register; USB0DAT register data is invalid.
AUTORD: USB0 Register Auto-read Flag
This bit is used for block FIFO reads.
0: BUSY must be written manually for each USB0 indirect register read.
1: The next indirect register read will automatically be initiated when software reads USB0DAT
(USBADDR bits will not be changed).
USBADDR: USB0 Indirect Register Address
These bits hold a 6-bit address used to indirectly access the USB0 core registers. Table 15.2 lists the
USB0 core registers and their indirect addresses. Reads and writes to USB0DAT will target the register indicated by the USBADDR bits.
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Figure 15.5. USB0DAT: USB0 Data Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
USB0DAT
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
00000000
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x97
This SFR is used to indirectly read and write USB0 registers.
Write Procedure:
1. Poll for BUSY (USB0ADR.7) => ‘0’.
2. Load the target USB0 register address into the USBADDR bits in register USB0ADR.
3. Write data to USB0DAT.
4. Repeat (Step 2 may be skipped when writing to the same USB0 register).
Read Procedure:
1. Poll for BUSY (USB0ADR.7) => ‘0’.
2. Load the target USB0 register address into the USBADDR bits in register USB0ADR.
3. Write ‘1’ to the BUSY bit in register USB0ADR (steps 2 and 3 can be performed in the same write).
4. Poll for BUSY (USB0ADR.7) => ‘0’.
5. Read data from USB0DAT.
6. Repeat from Step 2 (Step 2 may be skipped when reading the same USB0 register; Step 3 may be
skipped when the AUTORD bit (USB0ADR.6) is logic 1).
Figure 15.6. INDEX: USB0 Endpoint Index (USB Register)
R
R
R
R
-
-
-
-
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
EPSEL
Bit3
Bit2
Reset Value
00000000
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x0E
Bits7-4:
Bits3-0:
Unused. Read = 0000b; Write = don’t care.
EPSEL: Endpoint Select
These bits select which endpoint is targeted when indexed USB0 registers are accessed.
INDEX
0x0
0x1
0x2
0x3
0x4 - 0xF
148
Target Endpoint
0
1
2
3
Reserved
Rev. 1.1
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Table 15.2. USB0 Controller Registers
USB Register
Name
USB Register
Address
IN1INT
OUT1INT
CMINT
IN1IE
OUT1IE
CMIE
0x02
0x04
0x06
0x07
0x09
0x0B
FADDR
POWER
FRAMEL
FRAMEH
INDEX
CLKREC
FIFOn
0x00
0x01
0x0C
0x0D
0x0E
0x0F
0x20-0x23
E0CSR
EINCSRL
EINCSRH
EOUTCSRL
EOUTCSRH
E0CNT
EOUTCNTL
EOUTCNTH
0x11
0x12
0x14
0x15
0x16
0x17
Description
Page Number
Interrupt Registers
Endpoint0 and Endpoints1-3 IN Interrupt Flags
Endpoints1-3 OUT Interrupt Flags
Common USB Interrupt Flags
Endpoint0 and Endpoints1-3 IN Interrupt Enables
Endpoints1-3 OUT Interrupt Enables
Common USB Interrupt Enables
Common Registers
Function Address
Power Management
Frame Number Low Byte
Frame Number High Byte
Endpoint Index Selection
Clock Recovery Control
Endpoints0-3 FIFOs
Indexed Registers
Endpoint0 Control / Status
Endpoint IN Control / Status Low Byte
Endpoint IN Control / Status High Byte
Endpoint OUT Control / Status Low Byte
Endpoint OUT Control / Status High Byte
Number of Received Bytes in Endpoint0 FIFO
Endpoint OUT Packet Count Low Byte
Endpoint OUT Packet Count High Byte
Rev. 1.1
157
158
159
160
160
161
153
155
156
156
148
150
152
164
168
169
171
172
165
172
172
149
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15.4.
USB Clock Configuration
USB0 is capable of communication as a Full or Low Speed USB function. Communication speed is selected via the
SPEED bit in SFR USB0XCN. When operating as a Low Speed function, the USB0 clock must be 6 MHz. When
operating as a Full Speed function, the USB0 clock must be 48 MHz. Clock options are described in Section
“13. Oscillators” on page 117. The USB0 clock is selected via SFR CLKSEL (see Figure 13.6 on Page 125).
Clock Recovery circuitry uses the incoming USB data stream to adjust the internal oscillator; this allows the internal
oscillator (and 4x Clock Multiplier) to meet the requirements for USB clock tolerance. Clock Recovery should be
used in the following configurations:
Communication Speed
Full Speed
Low Speed
USB Clock
4x Clock Multiplier
Internal Oscillator / 2
4x Clock Multiplier Input
Internal Oscillator
N/A
When operating USB0 as a Low Speed function with Clock Recovery, software must write ‘1’ to the CRLOW bit to
enable Low Speed Clock Recovery. Clock Recovery is typically not necessary in Low Speed mode.
Single Step Mode can be used to help the Clock Recovery circuitry to lock when high noise levels are present on the
USB network. This mode is not required (or recommended) in typical USB environments.
Figure 15.7. CLKREC: Clock Recovery Control (USB Register)
R/W
R/W
R/W
CRE
CRSSEN
CRLOW
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reserved
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Reset Value
00001001
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x0F
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bits4-0:
150
CRE: Clock Recovery Enable.
This bit enables/disables the USB clock recovery feature.
0: Clock recovery disabled.
1: Clock recovery enabled.
CRSSEN: Clock Recovery Single Step.
This bit forces the oscillator calibration into ‘single-step’ mode during clock recovery.
0: Normal calibration mode.
1: Single step mode.
CRLOW: Low Speed Clock Recovery Mode.
This bit must be set to ‘1’ if clock recovery is used when operating as a Low Speed USB device.
0: Full Speed Mode.
1: Low Speed Mode.
Reserved. Read = Variable. Must Write = 1001b.
Rev. 1.1
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15.5.
FIFO Management
1024 bytes of on-chip XRAM are used as FIFO space for USB0. This FIFO space is split between Endpoints0-3 as
shown in Figure 15.8. FIFO space allocated for Endpoints1-3 is configurable as IN, OUT, or both (Split Mode: half
IN, half OUT).
Figure 15.8. USB FIFO Allocation
0x07FF
0x07C0
0x07BF
0x0740
0x073F
Endpoint0
(64 bytes)
Endpoint1
(128 bytes)
Configurable as
IN, OUT, or both (Split
Mode)
Endpoint2
(256 bytes)
0x0640
0x063F
Endpoint3
(512 bytes)
0x0440
0x043F
0x0400
Free
(64 bytes)
USB Clock Domain
System Clock Domain
0x03FF
User XRAM
(1024 bytes)
0x0000
15.5.1. FIFO Split Mode
The FIFO space for Endpoints1-3 can be split such that the upper half of the FIFO space is used by the IN endpoint,
and the lower half is used by the OUT endpoint. For example: if the Endpoint3 FIFO is configured for Split Mode,
the upper 256 bytes (0x0540 to 0x063F) are used by Endpoint3 IN and the lower 256 bytes (0x0440 to 0x053F) are
used by Endpoint3 OUT.
If an endpoint FIFO is not configured for Split Mode, that endpoint IN/OUT pair’s FIFOs are combined to form a single IN or OUT FIFO. In this case only one direction of the endpoint IN/OUT pair may be used at a time. The endpoint direction (IN/OUT) is determined by the DIRSEL bit in the corresponding endpoint’s EINCSRH register (see
Figure 15.23).
15.5.2. FIFO Double Buffering
FIFO slots for Endpoints1-3 can be configured for double-buffered mode. In this mode, the maximum packet size is
halved and the FIFO may contain two packets at a time. This mode is available for Endpoints1-3. When an endpoint
is configured for Split Mode, double buffering may be enabled for the IN Endpoint and/or the OUT endpoint. When
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Split Mode is not enabled, double-buffering may be enabled for the entire endpoint FIFO. See Table 15.3 for a list of
maximum packet sizes for each FIFO configuration.
Table 15.3. FIFO Configurations
Endpoint
Number
0
Split Mode
Enabled?
Maximum IN Packet Size
(Double Buffer Disabled /
Enabled)
N/A
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
1
2
3
64 / 32
128 / 64
256 / 128
Maximum OUT Packet Size
(Double Buffer Disabled /
Enabled)
64
128 / 64
64 / 32
256 / 128
128 / 64
512 / 256
256 / 128
15.5.3. FIFO Access
Each endpoint FIFO is accessed through a corresponding FIFOn register. A read of an endpoint FIFOn register
unloads one byte from the FIFO; a write of an endpoint FIFOn register loads one byte into the endpoint FIFO. When
an endpoint FIFO is configured for Split Mode, a read of the endpoint FIFOn register unloads one byte from the OUT
endpoint FIFO; a write of the endpoint FIFOn register loads one byte into the IN endpoint FIFO.
Figure 15.9. FIFOn: USB0 Endpoint FIFO Access (USB Registers)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
FIFODATA
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Reset Value
00000000
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x20 - 0x23
USB Addresses 0x20 - 0x23 provide access to the 4 pairs of endpoint FIFOs:
IN/OUT Endpoint FIFO
0
1
2
3
USB Address
0x20
0x21
0x22
0x23
Writing to the FIFO address loads data into the IN FIFO for the corresponding endpoint.
Reading from the FIFO address unloads data from the OUT FIFO for the corresponding endpoint.
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15.6.
Function Addressing
The FADDR register holds the current USB0 function address. Software should write the host-assigned 7-bit function
address to the FADDR register when received as part of a SET_ADDRESS command. A new address written to
FADDR will not take effect (USB0 will not respond to the new address) until the end of the current transfer (typically
following the status phase of the SET_ADDRESS command transfer). The UPDATE bit (FADDR.7) is set to ‘1’ by
hardware when software writes a new address to the FADDR register. Hardware clears the UPDATE bit when the
new address takes effect as described above.
Figure 15.10. FADDR: USB0 Function Address (USB Register)
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Update
Bit7
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
Function Address
Bit3
00000000
0x00
Bit7:
Bits6-0:
Update: Function Address Update
Set to ‘1’ when software writes the FADDR register. USB0 clears this bit to ‘0’ when the new address
takes effect.
0: The last address written to FADDR is in effect.
1: The last address written to FADDR is not yet in effect.
Function Address
Holds the 7-bit function address for USB0. This address should be written by software when the
SET_ADDRESS standard device request is received on Endpoint0. The new address takes effect
when the device request completes.
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15.7.
Function Configuration and Control
The USB register POWER (Figure 15.11) is used to configure and control USB0 at the device level (enable/disable,
Reset/Suspend/Resume handling, etc.).
USB Reset: The USBRST bit (POWER.3) is set to ‘1’ by hardware when Reset signaling is detected on the bus.
Upon this detection, the following occur:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The USB0 Address is reset (FADDR = 0x00).
Endpoint FIFOs are flushed.
Control/status registers are reset to 0x00 (E0CSR, EINCSRL, EINCSRH, EOUTCSRL, EOUTCSRH).
USB register INDEX is reset to 0x00.
All USB interrupts (excluding the Suspend interrupt) are enabled and their corresponding flags cleared.
A USB Reset interrupt is generated if enabled.
Writing a ‘1’ to the USBRST bit will generate an asynchronous USB0 reset. All USB registers are reset to their
default values following this asynchronous reset.
Suspend Mode: With Suspend Detection enabled (SUSEN = ‘1’), USB0 will enter Suspend Mode when Suspend
signaling is detected on the bus. An interrupt will be generated if enabled (SUSINTE = ‘1’). The Suspend Interrupt
Service Routine (ISR) should perform application-specific configuration tasks such as disabling appropriate peripherals and/or configuring clock sources for low power modes. See Section “13. Oscillators” on page 117 for more
details on internal oscillator configuration, including the Suspend mode feature of the internal oscillator.
USB0 exits Suspend mode when any of the following occur: (1) Resume signaling is detected or generated, (2) Reset
signaling is detected, or (3) a device or USB reset occurs. If suspended, the internal oscillator will exit Suspend mode
upon any of the above listed events.
Resume Signaling: USB0 will exit Suspend mode if Resume signaling is detected on the bus. A Resume interrupt
will be generated upon detection if enabled (RESINTE = ‘1’). Software may force a Remote Wakeup by writing ‘1’
to the RESUME bit (POWER.2). When forcing a Remote Wakeup, software should write RESUME = ‘0’ to end
Resume signaling 10-15 ms after the Remote Wakeup is initiated (RESUME = ‘1’).
ISO Update: When software writes ‘1’ to the ISOUP bit (POWER.7), the ISO Update function is enabled. With ISO
Update enabled, new packets written to an ISO IN endpoint will not be transmitted until a new Start-Of-Frame (SOF)
is received. If the ISO IN endpoint receives an IN token before a SOF, USB0 will transmit a zero-length packet.
When ISOUP = ‘1’, ISO Update is enabled for all ISO endpoints.
USB Enable: USB0 is disabled following a Power-On-Reset (POR). USB0 is enabled by clearing the USBINH bit
(POWER.4). Once written to ‘0’, the USBINH can only be set to ‘1’ by one of the following: (1) a Power-On-Reset
(POR), or (2) an asynchronous USB0 reset generated by writing ‘1’ to the USBRST bit (POWER.3).
Software should perform all USB0 configuration before enabling USB0. The configuration sequence should be performed as follows:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Step 4.
Step 5.
154
Select and enable the USB clock source.
Reset USB0 by writing USBRST= ‘1’.
Configure and enable the USB Transceiver.
Perform any USB0 function configuration (interrupts, Suspend detect).
Enable USB0 by writing USBINH = ‘0’.
Rev. 1.1
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Figure 15.11. POWER: USB0 Power (USB Register)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
Reset Value
ISOUD
-
-
USBINH
USBRST
RESUME
SUSMD
SUSEN
00010000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x01
Bit7:
Bits6-5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
ISOUD: ISO Update
This bit affects all IN Isochronous endpoints.
0: When software writes INPRDY = ‘1’, USB0 will send the packet when the next IN token is
received.
1: When software writes INPRDY = ‘1’, USB0 will wait for a SOF token before sending the packet.
If an IN token is received before a SOF token, USB0 will send a zero-length data packet.
Unused. Read = 00b. Write = don’t care.
USBINH: USB0 Inhibit
This bit is set to ‘1’ following a power-on reset (POR) or an asynchronous USB0 reset (see Bit3:
RESET). Software should clear this bit after all USB0 and transceiver initialization is complete. Software cannot set this bit to ‘1’.
0: USB0 enabled.
1: USB0 inhibited. All USB traffic is ignored.
USBRST: Reset Detect
Writing ‘1’ to this bit forces an asynchronous USB0 reset. Reading this bit provides bus reset status
information.
Read:
0: Reset signaling is not present on the bus.
1: Reset signaling detected on the bus.
RESUME: Force Resume
Software can force resume signaling on the bus to wake USB0 from suspend mode. Writing a ‘1’ to
this bit while in Suspend mode (SUSMD = ‘1’) forces USB0 to generate Resume signaling on the bus
(a remote Wakeup event). Software should write RESUME = ‘0’ after 10 ms to15 ms to end the
Resume signaling. An interrupt is generated, and hardware clears SUSMD, when software writes
RESUME = ‘0’.
SUSMD: Suspend Mode
Set to ‘1’ by hardware when USB0 enters suspend mode. Cleared by hardware when software writes
RESUME = ‘0’ (following a remote wakeup) or reads the CMINT register after detection of Resume
signaling on the bus.
0: USB0 not in suspend mode.
1: USB0 in suspend mode.
SUSEN: Suspend Detection Enable
0: Suspend detection disabled. USB0 will ignore suspend signaling on the bus.
1: Suspend detection enabled. USB0 will enter suspend mode if it detects suspend signaling on the
bus.
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Figure 15.12. FRAMEL: USB0 Frame Number Low (USB Register)
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Frame Number Low
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Reset Value
00000000
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x0C
Bits7-0:
Frame Number Low
This register contains bits7-0 of the last received frame number.
Figure 15.13. FRAMEH: USB0 Frame Number High (USB Register)
R
R
R
R
R
-
-
-
-
-
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
R
R
R
Reset Value
Bit0
USB Address:
Frame Number High
Bit2
Bit1
00000000
0x0D
Bits7-3:
Bits2-0:
156
Unused. Read = 0. Write = don’t care.
Frame Number High Byte
This register contains bits10-8 of the last received frame number.
Rev. 1.1
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15.8.
Interrupts
The read-only USB0 interrupt flags are located in the USB registers shown in Figure 15.14 through Figure 15.16. The
associated interrupt enable bits are located in the USB registers shown in Figure 15.17 through Figure 15.19. A USB0
interrupt is generated when any of the USB interrupt flags is set to ‘1’. The USB0 interrupt is enabled via the EIE1
SFR (see Section “9.3. Interrupt Handler” on page 87).
Important Note: Reading a USB interrupt flag register resets all flags in that register to ‘0’.
Figure 15.14. IN1INT: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt (USB Register)
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reset Value
-
-
-
-
IN3
IN2
IN1
EP0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x02
Bits7-4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care.
IN3: IN Endpoint 3 Interrupt-pending Flag
This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register.
0: IN Endpoint 3 interrupt inactive.
1: IN Endpoint 3 interrupt active.
IN2: IN Endpoint 2 Interrupt-pending Flag
This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register.
0: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt inactive.
1: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt active.
IN1: IN Endpoint 1 Interrupt-pending Flag
This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register.
0: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt inactive.
1: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt active.
EP0: Endpoint 0 Interrupt-pending Flag
This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register.
0: Endpoint 0 interrupt inactive.
1: Endpoint 0 interrupt active.
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Figure 15.15. OUT1INT: USB0 Out Endpoint Interrupt (USB Register)
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reset Value
-
-
-
-
OUT3
OUT2
OUT1
-
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x04
Bits7-4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
158
Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care.
OUT3: OUT Endpoint 3 Interrupt-pending Flag
This bit is cleared when software reads the OUT1INT register.
0: OUT Endpoint 3 interrupt inactive.
1: OUT Endpoint 3 interrupt active.
OUT2: OUT Endpoint 2 Interrupt-pending Flag
This bit is cleared when software reads the OUT1INT register.
0: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt inactive.
1: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt active.
OUT1: OUT Endpoint 1 Interrupt-pending Flag
This bit is cleared when software reads the OUT1INT register.
0: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt inactive.
1: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt active.
Unused. Read = 0; Write = don’t care.
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Figure 15.16. CMINT: USB0 Common Interrupt (USB Register)
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reset Value
-
-
-
-
SOF
RSTINT
RSUINT
SUSINT
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x06
Bits7-4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
Unused. Read = 0000b; Write = don’t care.
SOF: Start of Frame Interrupt
Set by hardware when a SOF token is received. This interrupt event is synthesized by hardware: an
interrupt will be generated when hardware expects to receive a SOF event, even if the actual SOF signal is missed or corrupted.
This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register.
0: SOF interrupt inactive.
1: SOF interrupt active.
RSTINT: Reset Interrupt-pending Flag
Set by hardware when Reset signaling is detected on the bus.
This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register.
0: Reset interrupt inactive.
1: Reset interrupt active.
RSUINT: Resume Interrupt-pending Flag
Set by hardware when Resume signaling is detected on the bus while USB0 is in suspend mode.
This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register.
0: Resume interrupt inactive.
1: Resume interrupt active.
SUSINT: Suspend Interrupt-pending Flag
When Suspend detection is enabled (bit SUSEN in register POWER), this bit is set by hardware when
Suspend signaling is detected on the bus. This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register.
0: Suspend interrupt inactive.
1: Suspend interrupt active.
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Figure 15.17. IN1IE: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt Enable (USB Register)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
-
-
IN3E
IN2E
IN1E
EP0E
00001111
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x07
Bits7-4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care.
IN3E: IN Endpoint 3 Interrupt Enable
0: IN Endpoint 3 interrupt disabled.
1: IN Endpoint 3 interrupt enabled.
IN2E: IN Endpoint 2 Interrupt Enable
0: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt disabled.
1: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt enabled.
IN1E: IN Endpoint 1 Interrupt Enable
0: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt disabled.
1: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt enabled.
EP0E: Endpoint 0 Interrupt Enable
0: Endpoint 0 interrupt disabled.
1: Endpoint 0 interrupt enabled.
Figure 15.18. OUT1IE: USB0 Out Endpoint Interrupt Enable (USB Register)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
-
-
-
OUT3E
OUT2E
OUT1E
-
00001110
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x09
Bits7-4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
160
Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care.
OUT3E: OUT Endpoint 3 Interrupt Enable
0: OUT Endpoint 3 interrupt disabled.
1: OUT Endpoint 3 interrupt enabled.
OUT2E: OUT Endpoint 2 Interrupt Enable
0: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt disabled.
1: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt enabled.
OUT1E: OUT Endpoint 1 Interrupt Enable
0: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt disabled.
1: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt enabled.
Unused. Read = 0; Write = don’t’ care.
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Figure 15.19. CMIE: USB0 Common Interrupt Enable (USB Register)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
-
-
-
-
SOFE
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
RSTINTE RSUINTE SUSINTE 00000110
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x0B
Bits7-4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
15.9.
Unused. Read = 0000b; Write = don’t care.
SOFE: Start of Frame Interrupt Enable
0: SOF interrupt disabled.
1: SOF interrupt enabled.
RSTINTE: Reset Interrupt Enable
0: Reset interrupt disabled.
1: Reset interrupt enabled.
RSUINTE: Resume Interrupt Enable
0: Resume interrupt disabled.
1: Resume interrupt enabled.
SUSINTE: Suspend Interrupt Enable
0: Suspend interrupt disabled.
1: Suspend interrupt enabled.
The Serial Interface Engine
The Serial Interface Engine (SIE) performs all low level USB protocol tasks, interrupting the processor when data has
successfully been transmitted or received. When receiving data, the SIE will interrupt the processor when a complete
data packet has been received; appropriate handshaking signals are automatically generated by the SIE. When transmitting data, the SIE will interrupt the processor when a complete data packet has been transmitted and the appropriate handshake signal has been received.
The SIE will not interrupt the processor when corrupted/erroneous packets are received.
15.10. Endpoint0
Endpoint0 is managed through the USB register E0CSR (Figure 15.20). The INDEX register must be loaded with
0x00 to access the E0CSR register.
An Endpoint0 interrupt is generated when:
1. A data packet (OUT or SETUP) has been received and loaded into the Endpoint0 FIFO. The OPRDY
bit (E0CSR.0) is set to ‘1’ by hardware.
2. An IN data packet has successfully been unloaded from the Endpoint0 FIFO and transmitted to the host;
INPRDY is reset to ‘0’ by hardware.
3. An IN transaction is completed (this interrupt generated during the status stage of the transaction).
4. Hardware sets the STSTL bit (E0CSR.2) after a control transaction ended due to a protocol violation.
5. Hardware sets the SUEND bit (E0CSR.4) because a control transfer ended before firmware sets the
DATAEND bit (E0CSR.3).
The E0CNT register (Figure 15.21) holds the number of received data bytes in the Endpoint0 FIFO.
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Hardware will automatically detect protocol errors and send a STALL condition in response. Firmware may force a
STALL condition to abort the current transfer. When a STALL condition is generated, the STSTL bit will be set to ‘1’
and an interrupt generated. The following conditions will cause hardware to generate a STALL condition:
1. The host sends an OUT token during a OUT data phase after the DATAEND bit has been set to ‘1’.
2. The host sends an IN token during an IN data phase after the DATAEND bit has been set to ‘1’.
3. The host sends a packet that exceeds the maximum packet size for Endpoint0.
4. The host sends a non-zero length DATA1 packet during the status phase of an IN transaction.
Firmware sets the SDSTL bit (E0CSR.5) to ‘1’.
15.10.1.Endpoint0 SETUP Transactions
All control transfers must begin with a SETUP packet. SETUP packets are similar to OUT packets, containing an
8-byte data field sent by the host. Any SETUP packet containing a command field of anything other than 8 bytes will
be automatically rejected by USB0. An Endpoint0 interrupt is generated when the data from a SETUP packet is
loaded into the Endpoint0 FIFO. Software should unload the command from the Endpoint0 FIFO, decode the command, perform any necessary tasks, and set the SOPRDY bit to indicate that it has serviced the OUT packet.
15.10.2.Endpoint0 IN Transactions
When a SETUP request is received that requires USB0 to transmit data to the host, one or more IN requests will be
sent by the host. For the first IN transaction, firmware should load an IN packet into the Endpoint0 FIFO, and set the
INPRDY bit (E0CSR.1). An interrupt will be generated when an IN packet is transmitted successfully. Note that no
interrupt will be generated if an IN request is received before firmware has loaded a packet into the Endpoint0 FIFO.
If the requested data exceeds the maximum packet size for Endpoint0 (as reported to the host), the data should be split
into multiple packets; each packet should be of the maximum packet size excluding the last (residual) packet. If the
requested data is an integer multiple of the maximum packet size for Endpoint0, the last data packet should be a
zero-length packet signaling the end of the transfer. Firmware should set the DATAEND bit to ‘1’ after loading into
the Endpoint0 FIFO the last data packet for a transfer.
Upon reception of the first IN token for a particular control transfer, Endpoint0 is said to be in Transmit Mode. In this
mode, only IN tokens should be sent by the host to Endpoint0. The SUEND bit (E0CSR.4) is set to ‘1’ if a SETUP or
OUT token is received while Endpoint0 is in Transmit Mode.
Endpoint0 will remain in Transmit Mode until any of the following occur:
1.
2.
3.
USB0 receives an Endpoint0 SETUP or OUT token.
Firmware sends a packet less than the maximum Endpoint0 packet size.
Firmware sends a zero-length packet.
Firmware should set the DATAEND bit (E0CSR.3) to ‘1’ when performing (2) and (3) above.
The SIE will transmit a NAK in response to an IN token if there is no packet ready in the IN FIFO (INPRDY = ‘0’).
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15.10.3.Endpoint0 OUT Transactions
When a SETUP request is received that requires the host to transmit data to USB0, one or more OUT requests will be
sent by the host. When an OUT packet is successfully received by USB0, hardware will set the OPRDY bit
(E0CSR.0) to ‘1’ and generate an Endpoint0 interrupt. Following this interrupt, firmware should unload the OUT
packet from the Endpoint0 FIFO and set the SOPRDY bit (E0CSR.6) to ‘1’.
If the amount of data required for the transfer exceeds the maximum packet size for Endpoint0, the data will be split
into multiple packets. If the requested data is an integer multiple of the maximum packet size for Endpoint0 (as
reported to the host), the host will send a zero-length data packet signaling the end of the transfer.
Upon reception of the first OUT token for a particular control transfer, Endpoint0 is said to be in Receive Mode. In
this mode, only OUT tokens should be sent by the host to Endpoint0. The SUEND bit (E0CSR.4) is set to ‘1’ if a
SETUP or IN token is received while Endpoint0 is in Receive Mode.
Endpoint0 will remain in Receive mode until:
1.
2.
3.
The SIE receives a SETUP or IN token.
The host sends a packet less than the maximum Endpoint0 packet size.
The host sends a zero-length packet.
Firmware should set the DATAEND bit (E0CSR.3) to ‘1’ when the expected amount of data has been received. The
SIE will transmit a STALL condition if the host sends an OUT packet after the DATAEND bit has been set by firmware. An interrupt will be generated with the STSTL bit (E0CSR.2) set to ‘1’ after the STALL is transmitted.
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Figure 15.20. E0CSR: USB0 Endpoint0 Control (USB Register)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
Reset Value
SSUEND
SOPRDY
SDSTL
SUEND
DATAEND
STSTL
INPRDY
OPRDY
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x11
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
164
SSUEND: Serviced Setup End
Write: Software should set this bit to ‘1’ after servicing a Setup End (bit SUEND) event. Hardware
clears the SUEND bit when software writes ‘1’ to SSUEND.
Read: This bit always reads ‘0’.
SOPRDY: Serviced OPRDY
Write: Software should write ‘1’ to this bit after servicing a received Endpoint0 packet. The OPRDY
bit will be cleared by a write of ‘1’ to SOPRDY.
Read: This bit always reads ‘0’.
SDSTL: Send Stall
Software can write ‘1’ to this bit to terminate the current transfer (due to an error condition, unexpected transfer request, etc.). Hardware will clear this bit to ‘0’ when the STALL handshake is transmitted.
SUEND: Setup End
Hardware sets this read-only bit to ‘1’ when a control transaction ends before software has written ‘1’
to the DATAEND bit. Hardware clears this bit when software writes ‘1’ to SSUEND.
DATAEND: Data End
Software should write ‘1’ to this bit:
1. When writing ‘1’ to INPRDY for the last outgoing data packet.
2. When writing ‘1’ to INPRDY for a zero-length data packet.
3. When writing ‘1’ to SOPRDY after servicing the last incoming data packet.
This bit is automatically cleared by hardware.
STSTL: Sent Stall
Hardware sets this bit to ‘1’ after transmitting a STALL handshake signal. This flag must be cleared
by software.
INPRDY: IN Packet Ready
Software should write ‘1’ to this bit after loading a data packet into the Endpoint0 FIFO for transmit.
Hardware clears this bit and generates an interrupt under either of the following conditions:
1. The packet is transmitted.
2. The packet is overwritten by an incoming SETUP packet.
3. The packet is overwritten by an incoming OUT packet.
OPRDY: OUT Packet Ready
Hardware sets this read-only bit and generates an interrupt when a data packet has been received. This
bit is cleared only when software writes ‘1’ to the SOPRDY bit.
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Figure 15.21. E0CNT: USB0 Endpoint 0 Data Count (USB Register)
R
R
R
R
Bit7
R
R
R
R
E0CNT
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Reset Value
00000000
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x16
Bit7:
Bits6-0:
Unused. Read = 0; Write = don’t care.
E0CNT: Endpoint 0 Data Count
This 7-bit number indicates the number of received data bytes in the Endpoint 0 FIFO. This number is
only valid while bit OPRDY is a ‘1’.
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15.11. Configuring Endpoints1-3
Endpoints1-3 are configured and controlled through their own sets of the following control/status registers: IN registers EINCSRL and EINCSRH, and OUT registers EOUTCSRL and EOUTCSRH. Only one set of endpoint control/
status registers is mapped into the USB register address space at a time, defined by the contents of the INDEX register (Figure 15.6).
Endpoints1-3 can be configured as IN, OUT, or both IN/OUT (Split Mode) as described in Section 15.5.1. The endpoint mode (Split/Normal) is selected via the SPLIT bit in register EINCSRH.
When SPLIT = ‘1’, the corresponding endpoint FIFO is split, and both IN and OUT pipes are available.
When SPLIT = ‘0’, the corresponding endpoint functions as either IN or OUT; the endpoint direction is selected by
the DIRSEL bit in register EINCSRH.
15.12. Controlling Endpoints1-3 IN
Endpoints1-3 IN are managed via USB registers EINCSRL and EINCSRH. All IN endpoints can be used for Interrupt, Bulk, or Isochronous transfers. Isochronous (ISO) mode is enabled by writing ‘1’ to the ISO bit in register
EINCSRH. Bulk and Interrupt transfers are handled identically by hardware.
An Endpoint1-3 IN interrupt is generated by any of the following conditions:
1.
2.
3.
An IN packet is successfully transferred to the host.
Software writes ‘1’ to the FLUSH bit (EINCSRL.3) when the target FIFO is not empty.
Hardware generates a STALL condition.
15.12.1.Endpoints1-3 IN Interrupt or Bulk Mode
When the ISO bit (EINCSRH.6) = ‘0’ the target endpoint operates in Bulk or Interrupt Mode. Once an endpoint has
been configured to operate in Bulk/Interrupt IN mode (typically following an Endpoint0 SET_INTERFACE command), firmware should load an IN packet into the endpoint IN FIFO and set the INPRDY bit (EINCSRL.0). Upon
reception of an IN token, hardware will transmit the data, clear the INPRDY bit, and generate an interrupt.
Writing ‘1’ to INPRDY without writing any data to the endpoint FIFO will cause a zero-length packet to be transmitted upon reception of the next IN token.
A Bulk or Interrupt pipe can be shut down (or Halted) by writing ‘1’ to the SDSTL bit (EINCSRL.4). While
SDSTL = ‘1’, hardware will respond to all IN requests with a STALL condition. Each time hardware generates a
STALL condition, an interrupt will be generated and the STSTL bit (EINCSRL.5) set to ‘1’. The STSTL bit must be
reset to ‘0’ by firmware.
Hardware will automatically reset INPRDY to ‘0’ when a packet slot is open in the endpoint FIFO. Note that if double buffering is enabled for the target endpoint, it is possible for firmware to load two packets into the IN FIFO at a
time. In this case, hardware will reset INPRDY to ‘0’ immediately after firmware loads the first packet into the FIFO
and sets INPRDY to ‘1’. An interrupt will not be generated in this case; an interrupt will only be generated when a
data packet is transmitted.
When firmware writes ‘1’ to the FCDT bit (EINCSRH.3), the data toggle for each IN packet will be toggled continuously, regardless of the handshake received from the host. This feature is typically used by Interrupt endpoints functioning as rate feedback communication for Isochronous endpoints. When FCDT = ‘0’, the data toggle bit will only
be toggled when an ACK is sent from the host in response to an IN packet.
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15.12.2.Endpoints1-3 IN Isochronous Mode
When the ISO bit (EINCSRH.6) is set to ‘1’, the target endpoint operates in Isochronous (ISO) mode. Once an endpoint has been configured for ISO IN mode, the host will send one IN token (data request) per frame; the location of
data within each frame may vary. Because of this, it is recommended that double buffering be enabled for ISO IN
endpoints.
Hardware will automatically reset INPRDY (EINCSRL.0) to ‘0’ when a packet slot is open in the endpoint FIFO.
Note that if double buffering is enabled for the target endpoint, it is possible for firmware to load two packets into the
IN FIFO at a time. In this case, hardware will reset INPRDY to ‘0’ immediately after firmware loads the first packet
into the FIFO and sets INPRDY to ‘1’. An interrupt will not be generated in this case; an interrupt will only be generated when a data packet is transmitted.
If there is not a data packet ready in the endpoint FIFO when USB0 receives an IN token from the host, USB0 will
transmit a zero-length data packet and set the UNDRUN bit (EINCSRL.2) to ‘1’.
The ISO Update feature (see Section 15.7) can be useful in starting a double buffered ISO IN endpoint. If the host has
already set up the ISO IN pipe (has begun transmitting IN tokens) when firmware writes the first data packet to the
endpoint FIFO, the next IN token may arrive and the first data packet sent before firmware has written the second
(double buffered) data packet to the FIFO. The ISO Update feature ensures that any data packet written to the endpoint FIFO will not be transmitted during the current frame; the packet will only be sent after a SOF signal has been
received.
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Figure 15.22. EINCSRL: USB0 IN Endpoint Control High Byte (USB Register)
R
W
R/W
R/W
W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
-
CLRDT
STSTL
SDSTL
FLUSH
UNDRUN
FIFONE
INPRDY
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x11
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
168
Unused. Read = 0; Write = don’t care.
CLRDT: Clear Data Toggle.
Write: Software should write ‘1’ to this bit to reset the IN Endpoint data toggle to ‘0’.
Read: This bit always reads ‘0’.
STSTL: Sent Stall
Hardware sets this bit to ‘1’ when a STALL handshake signal is transmitted. The FIFO is flushed, and
the INPRDY bit cleared. This flag must be cleared by software.
SDSTL: Send Stall.
Software should write ‘1’ to this bit to generate a STALL handshake in response to an IN token. Software should write ‘0’ to this bit to terminate the STALL signal. This bit has no effect in ISO mode.
FLUSH: FIFO Flush.
Writing a ‘1’ to this bit flushes the next packet to be transmitted from the IN Endpoint FIFO. The
FIFO pointer is reset and the INPRDY bit is cleared. If the FIFO contains multiple packets, software
must write ‘1’ to FLUSH for each packet. Hardware resets the FLUSH bit to ‘0’ when the FIFO flush
is complete.
UNDRUN: Data Underrun.
The function of this bit depends on the IN Endpoint mode:
ISO: Set when a zero-length packet is sent after an IN token is received while bit INPRDY = ‘0’.
Interrupt/Bulk: Set when a NAK is returned in response to an IN token.
This bit must be cleared by software.
FIFONE: FIFO Not Empty.
0: The IN Endpoint FIFO is empty.
1. The IN Endpoint FIFO contains one or more packets.
INPRDY: In Packet Ready.
Software should write ‘1’ to this bit after loading a data packet into the IN Endpoint FIFO. Hardware
clears INPRDY due to any of the following:
1. A data packet is transmitted.
2. Double buffering is enabled (DBIEN = ‘1’) and there is an open FIFO packet slot.
3. If the endpoint is in Isochronous Mode (ISO = ‘1’) and ISOUD = ‘1’, INPRDY will read ‘0’ until
the next SOF is received.
An interrupt (if enabled) will be generated when hardware clears INPRDY as a result of a
packet being transmitted.
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Figure 15.23. EINCSRH: USB0 IN Endpoint Control Low Byte (USB Register)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R
R
Reset Value
DBIEN
ISO
DIRSEL
-
FCDT
SPLIT
-
-
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x12
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bits1-0:
DBIEN: IN Endpoint Double-buffer Enable.
0: Double-buffering disabled for the selected IN endpoint.
1: Double-buffering enabled for the selected IN endpoint.
ISO: Isochronous Transfer Enable.
This bit enables/disables isochronous transfers on the current endpoint.
0: Endpoint configured for bulk/interrupt transfers.
1: Endpoint configured for isochronous transfers.
DIRSEL: Endpoint Direction Select.
This bit is valid only when the selected FIFO is not split (SPLIT = ‘0’).
0: Endpoint direction selected as OUT.
1: Endpoint direction selected as IN.
Unused. Read = ‘0’. Write = don’t care.
FCDT: Force Data Toggle.
0: Endpoint data toggle switches only when an ACK is received following a data packet transmission.
1: Endpoint data toggle forced to switch after every data packet is transmitted, regardless of ACK
reception.
SPLIT: FIFO Split Enable.
When SPLIT = ‘1’, the selected endpoint FIFO is split. The upper half of the selected FIFO is used by
the IN endpoint; the lower half of the selected FIFO is used by the OUT endpoint.
Unused. Read = 00b; Write = don’t care.
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15.13. Controlling Endpoints1-3 OUT
Endpoints1-3 OUT are managed via USB registers EOUTCSRL and EOUTCSRH. All OUT endpoints can be used
for Interrupt, Bulk, or Isochronous transfers. Isochronous (ISO) mode is enabled by writing ‘1’ to the ISO bit in register EOUTCSRH. Bulk and Interrupt transfers are handled identically by hardware.
An Endpoint1-3 OUT interrupt may be generated by the following:
1.
2.
Hardware sets the OPRDY bit (EINCSRL.0) to ‘1’.
Hardware generates a STALL condition.
15.13.1.Endpoints1-3 OUT Interrupt or Bulk Mode
When the ISO bit (EOUTCSRH.6) = ‘0’ the target endpoint operates in Bulk or Interrupt mode. Once an endpoint has
been configured to operate in Bulk/Interrupt OUT mode (typically following an Endpoint0 SET_INTERFACE command), hardware will set the OPRDY bit (EOUTCSRL.0) to ‘1’ and generate an interrupt upon reception of an OUT
token and data packet. The number of bytes in the current OUT data packet (the packet ready to be unloaded from the
FIFO) is given in the EOUTCNTH and EOUTCNTL registers. In response to this interrupt, firmware should unload
the data packet from the OUT FIFO and reset the OPRDY bit to ‘0’.
A Bulk or Interrupt pipe can be shut down (or Halted) by writing ‘1’ to the SDSTL bit (EOUTCSRL.5). While
SDSTL = ‘1’, hardware will respond to all OUT requests with a STALL condition. Each time hardware generates a
STALL condition, an interrupt will be generated and the STSTL bit (EOUTCSRL.6) set to ‘1’. The STSTL bit must
be reset to ‘0’ by firmware.
Hardware will automatically set OPRDY when a packet is ready in the OUT FIFO. Note that if double buffering is
enabled for the target endpoint, it is possible for two packets to be ready in the OUT FIFO at a time. In this case, hardware will set OPRDY to ‘1’ immediately after firmware unloads the first packet and resets OPRDY to ‘0’. A second
interrupt will be generated in this case.
15.13.2.Endpoints1-3 OUT Isochronous Mode
When the ISO bit (EOUTCSRH.6) is set to ‘1’, the target endpoint operates in Isochronous (ISO) mode. Once an endpoint has been configured for ISO OUT mode, the host will send exactly one data per USB frame; the location of the
data packet within each frame may vary, however. Because of this, it is recommended that double buffering be
enabled for ISO OUT endpoints.
Each time a data packet is received, hardware will load the received data packet into the endpoint FIFO, set the
OPRDY bit (EOUTCSRL.0) to ‘1’, and generate an interrupt (if enabled). Firmware would typically use this interrupt
to unload the data packet from the endpoint FIFO and reset the OPRDY bit to ‘0’.
If a data packet is received when there is no room in the endpoint FIFO, an interrupt will be generated and the
OVRUN bit (EOUTCSRL.2) set to ‘1’. If USB0 receives an ISO data packet with a CRC error, the data packet will be
loaded into the endpoint FIFO, OPRDY will be set to ‘1’, an interrupt (if enabled) will be generated, and the
DATAERR bit (EOUTCSRL.3) will be set to ‘1’. Software should check the DATAERR bit each time a data packet is
unloaded from an ISO OUT endpoint FIFO.
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Figure 15.24. EOUTCSRL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control High Byte (USB Register)
W
R/W
R/W
W
R
R/W
R
R/W
Reset Value
CLRDT
STSTL
SDSTL
FLUSH
DATERR
OVRUN
FIFOFUL
OPRDY
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x14
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
CLRDT: Clear Data Toggle
Write: Software should write ‘1’ to this bit to reset the OUT endpoint data toggle to ‘0’.
Read: This bit always reads ‘0’.
STSTL: Sent Stall
Hardware sets this bit to ‘1’ when a STALL handshake signal is transmitted. This flag must be cleared
by software.
SDSTL: Send Stall
Software should write ‘1’ to this bit to generate a STALL handshake. Software should write ‘0’ to this
bit to terminate the STALL signal. This bit has no effect in ISO mode.
FLUSH: FIFO Flush
Writing a ‘1’ to this bit flushes the next packet to be read from the OUT endpoint FIFO. The FIFO
pointer is reset and the OPRDY bit is cleared. If the FIFO contains multiple packets, software must
write ‘1’ to FLUSH for each packet. Hardware resets the FLUSH bit to ‘0’ when the FIFO flush is
complete.
DATERR: Data Error
In ISO mode, this bit is set by hardware if a received packet has a CRC or bit-stuffing error. It is
cleared when software clears OPRDY. This bit is only valid in ISO mode.
OVRUN: Data Overrun
This bit is set by hardware when an incoming data packet cannot be loaded into the OUT endpoint
FIFO. This bit is only valid in ISO mode, and must be cleared by software.
0: No data overrun.
1: A data packet was lost because of a full FIFO since this flag was last cleared.
FIFOFUL: OUT FIFO Full
This bit indicates the contents of the OUT FIFO. If double buffering is enabled for the endpoint
(DBIEN = ‘1’), the FIFO is full when the FIFO contains two packets. If DBIEN = ‘0’, the FIFO is full
when the FIFO contains one packet.
0: OUT endpoint FIFO is not full.
1: OUT endpoint FIFO is full.
OPRDY: OUT Packet Ready
Hardware sets this bit to ‘1’ and generates an interrupt when a data packet is available. Software
should clear this bit after each data packet is unloaded from the OUT endpoint FIFO.
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Figure 15.25. EOUTCSRH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control Low Byte (USB Register)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R
R
R
Reset Value
DBOEN
ISO
-
-
-
-
-
-
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x15
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bits5-0:
DBOEN: Double-buffer Enable
0: Double-buffering disabled for the selected OUT endpoint.
1: Double-buffering enabled for the selected OUT endpoint.
ISO: Isochronous Transfer Enable
This bit enables/disables isochronous transfers on the current endpoint.
0: Endpoint configured for bulk/interrupt transfers.
1: Endpoint configured for isochronous transfers.
Unused. Read = 000000b; Write = don’t care.
Figure 15.26. EOUTCNTL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count Low (USB Register)
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
EOCL
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Reset Value
00000000
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
USB Address:
0x16
Bits7-0:
EOCL: OUT Endpoint Count Low Byte
EOCL holds the lower 8-bits of the 10-bit number of data bytes in the last received packet in the current OUT endpoint FIFO. This number is only valid while OPRDY = ‘1’.
Figure 15.27. EOUTCNTH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count High (USB Register)
R
R
R
R
R
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
R
R
Reset Value
Bit0
USB Address:
E0CH
Bit1
00000000
0x17
Bits7-2:
Bits1-0:
172
Unused. Read = 00000. Write = don’t care.
EOCH: OUT Endpoint Count High Byte
EOCH holds the upper 2-bits of the 10-bit number of data bytes in the last received packet in the current OUT endpoint FIFO. This number is only valid while OPRDY = ‘1’.
Rev. 1.1
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Table 15.4. USB Transceiver Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 3.0 to 3.6V, -40°C to +85°C unless otherwise specified
PARAMETERS
SYMBOL CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
TRANSMITTER
VOH
Output High Voltage
2.8
VOL
Output Low Voltage
VCRS
1.3
Output Crossover Point
Driving High
38
ZDRV
Output Impedance
Driving Low
38
Full Speed (D+ Pull-up)
RPU
Pull-up Resistance
1.425
1.5
Low Speed (D- Pull-up)
Low Speed
75
TR
Output Rise Time
Full Speed
4
Low Speed
75
TF
Output Fall Time
Full Speed
4
RECEIVER
Differential Input
VDI
| (D+) - (D-) |
0.2
Sensitivity
Differential Input ComVCM
0.8
mon Mode Range
IL
Input Leakage Current
Pullups Disabled
<1.0
Note: Refer to the USB Specification for timing diagrams and symbol definitions.
Rev. 1.1
MAX
0.8
2.0
UNITS
V
V
V
Ω
1.575
300
20
300
20
kΩ
ns
ns
V
2.5
V
µA
173
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Notes
174
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16.
SMBUS
The SMBus I/O interface is a two-wire, bi-directional serial bus. The SMBus is compliant with the System Management Bus Specification, version 1.1, and compatible with the I2C serial bus. Reads and writes to the interface by the
system controller are byte oriented with the SMBus interface autonomously controlling the serial transfer of the data.
Data can be transferred at up to 1/10th of the system clock as a master or slave (this can be faster than allowed by the
SMBus specification, depending on the system clock used). A method of extending the clock-low duration is available to accommodate devices with different speed capabilities on the same bus.
The SMBus interface may operate as a master and/or slave, and may function on a bus with multiple masters. The
SMBus provides control of SDA (serial data), SCL (serial clock) generation and synchronization, arbitration logic,
and START/STOP control and generation. Three SFRs are associated with the SMBus: SMB0CF configures the
SMBus; SMB0CN controls the status of the SMBus; and SMB0DAT is the data register, used for both transmitting
and receiving SMBus data and slave addresses.
Figure 16.1. SMBus Block Diagram
SMB0CN
MT S S A A A S
A X T T CRC I
SMAOK B K
T O
R L
E D
QO
R E
S
T
SMB0CF
E I B E S S S S
N N U XMMMM
S H S T B B B B
M Y H T F CC
B
OOT S S
L E E 1 0
D
00
T0 Overflow
01
T1 Overflow
10
TMR2H Overflow
11
TMR2L Overflow
SMBUS CONTROL LOGIC
Interrupt
Request
Arbitration
SCL Synchronization
SCL Generation (Master Mode)
SDA Control
Data Path
IRQ Generation
Control
SCL
FILTER
SCL
Control
C
R
O
S
S
B
A
R
N
SDA
Control
SMB0DAT
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Port I/O
SDA
FILTER
N
Rev. 1.1
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16.1.
Supporting Documents
It is assumed the reader is familiar with or has access to the following supporting documents:
1.
2.
3.
16.2.
The I2C-Bus and How to Use It (including specifications), Philips Semiconductor.
The I2C-Bus Specification -- Version 2.0, Philips Semiconductor.
System Management Bus Specification -- Version 1.1, SBS Implementers Forum.
SMBus Configuration
Figure 16.2 shows a typical SMBus configuration. The SMBus specification allows any recessive voltage between
3.0 V and 5.0 V; different devices on the bus may operate at different voltage levels. The bi-directional SCL (serial
clock) and SDA (serial data) lines must be connected to a positive power supply voltage through a pull-up resistor or
similar circuit. Every device connected to the bus must have an open-drain or open-collector output for both the SCL
and SDA lines, so that both are pulled high (recessive state) when the bus is free. The maximum number of devices
on the bus is limited only by the requirement that the rise and fall times on the bus not exceed 300 ns and 1000 ns,
respectively.
Figure 16.2. Typical SMBus Configuration
VDD = 5V
VDD = 3V
VDD = 5V
VDD = 3V
Master
Device
Slave
Device 1
Slave
Device 2
SDA
SCL
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16.3.
SMBus Operation
Two types of data transfers are possible: data transfers from a master transmitter to an addressed slave receiver
(WRITE), and data transfers from an addressed slave transmitter to a master receiver (READ). The master device initiates both types of data transfers and provides the serial clock pulses on SCL. The SMBus interface may operate as a
master or a slave, and multiple master devices on the same bus are supported. If two or more masters attempt to initiate a data transfer simultaneously, an arbitration scheme is employed with a single master always winning the arbitration. Note that it is not necessary to specify one device as the Master in a system; any device who transmits a
START and a slave address becomes the master for the duration of that transfer.
A typical SMBus transaction consists of a START condition followed by an address byte (Bits7-1: 7-bit slave
address; Bit0: R/W direction bit), one or more bytes of data, and a STOP condition. Each byte that is received (by a
master or slave) must be acknowledged (ACK) with a low SDA during a high SCL (see Figure 16.3). If the receiving
device does not ACK, the transmitting device will read a NACK (not acknowledge), which is a high SDA during a
high SCL.
The direction bit (R/W) occupies the least-significant bit position of the address byte. The direction bit is set to logic
1 to indicate a "READ" operation and cleared to logic 0 to indicate a "WRITE" operation.
All transactions are initiated by a master, with one or more addressed slave devices as the target. The master generates the START condition and then transmits the slave address and direction bit. If the transaction is a WRITE operation from the master to the slave, the master transmits the data a byte at a time waiting for an ACK from the slave at
the end of each byte. For READ operations, the slave transmits the data waiting for an ACK from the master at the
end of each byte. At the end of the data transfer, the master generates a STOP condition to terminate the transaction
and free the bus. Figure 16.3 illustrates a typical SMBus transaction.
Figure 16.3. SMBus Transaction
SCL
SDA
SLA6
START
SLA5-0
Slave Address + R/W
R/W
D7
ACK
D6-0
Data Byte
NACK
STOP
16.3.1. Arbitration
A master may start a transfer only if the bus is free. The bus is free after a STOP condition or after the SCL and SDA
lines remain high for a specified time (see Section “16.3.4. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout” on page 178). In the
event that two or more devices attempt to begin a transfer at the same time, an arbitration scheme is employed to
force one master to give up the bus. The master devices continue transmitting until one attempts a HIGH while the
other transmits a LOW. Since the bus is open-drain, the bus will be pulled LOW. The master attempting the HIGH
will detect a LOW SDA and lose the arbitration. The winning master continues its transmission without interruption;
the losing master becomes a slave and receives the rest of the transfer if addressed. This arbitration scheme is nondestructive: one device always wins, and no data is lost.
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16.3.2. Clock Low Extension
SMBus provides a clock synchronization mechanism, similar to I2C, which allows devices with different speed capabilities to coexist on the bus. A clock-low extension is used during a transfer in order to allow slower slave devices to
communicate with faster masters. The slave may temporarily hold the SCL line LOW to extend the clock low period,
effectively decreasing the serial clock frequency.
16.3.3. SCL Low Timeout
If the SCL line is held low by a slave device on the bus, no further communication is possible. Furthermore, the master cannot force the SCL line high to correct the error condition. To solve this problem, the SMBus protocol specifies
that devices participating in a transfer must detect any clock cycle held low longer than 25 ms as a “timeout” condition. Devices that have detected the timeout condition must reset the communication no later than 10 ms after detecting the timeout condition.
When the SMBTOE bit in SMB0CF is set, Timer 3 is used to detect SCL low timeouts. Timer 3 is forced to reload
when SCL is high, and allowed to count when SCL is low. With Timer 3 enabled and configured to overflow after
25 ms (and SMBTOE set), the Timer 3 interrupt service routine can be used to reset (disable and re-enable) the
SMBus in the event of an SCL low timeout.
16.3.4. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout
The SMBus specification stipulates that if the SCL and SDA lines remain high for more that 50 µs, the bus is designated as free. When the SMBFTE bit in SMB0CF is set, the bus will be considered free if SCL and SDA remain high
for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods. If the SMBus is waiting to generate a Master START, the START will
be generated following this timeout. Note that a clock source is required for free timeout detection, even in a slaveonly implementation.
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16.4.
Using the SMBus
The SMBus can operate in both Master and Slave modes. The interface provides timing and shifting control for serial
transfers; higher level protocol is determined by user software. The SMBus interface provides the following application-independent features:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Byte-wise serial data transfers
Clock signal generation on SCL (Master Mode only) and SDA data synchronization
Timeout/bus error recognition, as defined by the SMB0CF configuration register
START/STOP timing, detection, and generation
Bus arbitration
Interrupt generation
Status information
SMBus interrupts are generated for each data byte or slave address that is transferred. When transmitting, this interrupt is generated after the ACK cycle so that software may read the received ACK value; when receiving data, this
interrupt is generated before the ACK cycle so that software may define the outgoing ACK value. See Section
“16.5. SMBus Transfer Modes” on page 187 for more details on transmission sequences.
Interrupts are also generated to indicate the beginning of a transfer when a master (START generated), or the end of a
transfer when a slave (STOP detected). Software should read the SMB0CN (SMBus Control register) to find the
cause of the SMBus interrupt. The SMB0CN register is described in Section “16.4.2. SMB0CN Control Register”
on page 183; Table 16.4 provides a quick SMB0CN decoding reference.
SMBus configuration options include:
•
•
•
•
Timeout detection (SCL Low Timeout and/or Bus Free Timeout)
SDA setup and hold time extensions
Slave event enable/disable
Clock source selection
These options are selected in the SMB0CF register, as described in Section “16.4.1. SMBus Configuration Register” on page 180.
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16.4.1. SMBus Configuration Register
The SMBus Configuration register (SMB0CF) is used to enable the SMBus Master and/or Slave modes, select the
SMBus clock source, and select the SMBus timing and timeout options. When the ENSMB bit is set, the SMBus is
enabled for all master and slave events. Slave events may be disabled by setting the INH bit. With slave events inhibited, the SMBus interface will still monitor the SCL and SDA pins; however, the interface will NACK all received
addresses and will not generate any slave interrupts. When the INH bit is set, all slave events will be inhibited following the next START (interrupts will continue for the duration of the current transfer).
Table 16.1. SMBus Clock Source Selection
SMBCS1 SMBCS0 SMBus Clock Source
0
0
Timer 0 Overflow
0
1
Timer 1 Overflow
1
0
Timer 2 High Byte Overflow
1
1
Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow
The SMBCS1-0 bits select the SMBus clock source, which is used only when operating as a master or when the Free
Timeout detection is enabled. When operating as a master, overflows from the selected source determine the absolute
minimum SCL low and high times as defined in Equation 16.1. Note that the selected clock source may be shared by
other peripherals so long as the timer is left running at all times. For example, Timer 1 overflows may generate the
SMBus and UART baud rates simultaneously. Timer configuration is covered in Section “19. Timers” on page 217.
Equation 16.1. Minimum SCL High and Low Times
1
T HighMin = T LowMin = --------------------------------------------f ClockSourceOverflow
The selected clock source should be configured to establish the minimum SCL High and Low times as per
Equation 16.1. When the interface is operating as a master (and SCL is not driven or extended by any other devices
on the bus), the typical SMBus bit rate is approximated by Equation 16.2.
Equation 16.2. Typical SMBus Bit Rate
f ClockSourceOverflow
BitRate = --------------------------------------------3
180
Rev. 1.1
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Figure 16.4 shows the typical SCL generation described by Equation 16.2. Notice that THIGH is typically twice as
large as TLOW. The actual SCL output may vary due to other devices on the bus (SCL may be extended low by slower
slave devices, or driven low by contending master devices). The bit rate when operating as a master will never exceed
the limits defined by equation Equation 16.1.
Figure 16.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation
Timer Source
Overflows
SCL
TLow
SCL High Timeout
THigh
Setting the EXTHOLD bit extends the minimum setup and hold times for the SDA line. The minimum SDA setup
time defines the absolute minimum time that SDA is stable before SCL transitions from low-to-high. The minimum
SDA hold time defines the absolute minimum time that the current SDA value remains stable after SCL transitions
from high-to-low. EXTHOLD should be set so that the minimum setup and hold times meet the SMBus Specification
requirements of 250 ns and 300 ns, respectively. Table 16.2 shows the minimum setup and hold times for the two
EXTHOLD settings. Setup and hold time extensions are typically necessary when SYSCLK is above 10 MHz.
Table 16.2. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times
EXTHOLD
Minimum SDA Setup Time
Tlow - 4 system clocks
Minimum SDA Hold Time
0
OR
3 system clocks
1
1 system clock + s/w delay†
11 system clocks
12 system clocks
†Setup
Time for ACK bit transmissions and the MSB of all data transfers. The s/w delay
occurs between the time SMB0DAT or ACK is written and when SI is cleared. Note that if
SI is cleared in the same write that defines the outgoing ACK value, s/w delay is zero.
With the SMBTOE bit set, Timer 3 should be configured to overflow after 25 ms in order to detect SCL low timeouts
(see Section “16.3.3. SCL Low Timeout” on page 178). The SMBus interface will force Timer 3 to reload while
SCL is high, and allow Timer 3 to count when SCL is low. The Timer 3 interrupt service routine should be used to
reset SMBus communication by disabling and re-enabling the SMBus.
SMBus Free Timeout detection can be enabled by setting the SMBFTE bit. When this bit is set, the bus will be considered free if SDA and SCL remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods (see Figure 16.4). When a
Free Timeout is detected, the interface will respond as if a STOP was detected (an interrupt will be generated, and
STO will be set).
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Figure 16.5. SMB0CF: SMBus Clock/Configuration Register
R/W
R/W
R
ENSMB
INH
BUSY
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
R/W
R/W
EXTHOLD SMBTOE
Bit4
Bit3
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
SMBFTE
SMBCS1
SMBCS0
00000000
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address: 0xC1
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bits1-0:
ENSMB: SMBus Enable.
This bit enables/disables the SMBus interface. When enabled, the interface constantly monitors the
SDA and SCL pins.
0: SMBus interface disabled.
1: SMBus interface enabled.
INH: SMBus Slave Inhibit.
When this bit is set to logic 1, the SMBus does not generate an interrupt when slave events occur.
This effectively removes the SMBus slave from the bus. Master Mode interrupts are not affected.
0: SMBus Slave Mode enabled.
1: SMBus Slave Mode inhibited.
BUSY: SMBus Busy Indicator.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware when a transfer is in progress. It is cleared to logic 0 when a
STOP or free-timeout is sensed.
EXTHOLD: SMBus Setup and Hold Time Extension Enable.
This bit controls the SDA setup and hold times according to .
0: SDA Extended Setup and Hold Times disabled.
1: SDA Extended Setup and Hold Times enabled.
SMBTOE: SMBus SCL Timeout Detection Enable.
This bit enables SCL low timeout detection. If set to logic 1, the SMBus forces Timer 3 to reload
while SCL is high and allows Timer 3 to count when SCL goes low. Timer 3 should be programmed
to generate interrupts at 25 ms, and the Timer 3 interrupt service routine should reset SMBus communication.
SMBFTE: SMBus Free Timeout Detection Enable.
When this bit is set to logic 1, the bus will be considered free if SCL and SDA remain high for more
than 10 SMBus clock source periods.
SMBCS1-SMBCS0: SMBus Clock Source Selection.
These two bits select the SMBus clock source, which is used to generate the SMBus bit rate. The
selected device should be configured according to Equation 16.1.
SMBCS1
0
0
1
1
182
SMBCS0
0
1
0
1
SMBus Clock Source
Timer 0 Overflow
Timer 1 Overflow
Timer 2 High Byte Overflow
Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
16.4.2. SMB0CN Control Register
SMB0CN is used to control the interface and to provide status information (see Figure 16.6). The higher four bits of
SMB0CN (MASTER, TXMODE, STA, and STO) form a status vector that can be used to jump to service routines.
MASTER and TXMODE indicate the master/slave state and transmit/receive modes, respectively.
STA and STO indicate that a START and/or STOP has been detected or generated since the last SMBus interrupt.
STA and STO are also used to generate START and STOP conditions when operating as a master. Writing a ‘1’ to
STA will cause the SMBus interface to enter Master Mode and generate a START when the bus becomes free (STA is
not cleared by hardware after the START is generated). Writing a ‘1’ to STO while in Master Mode will cause the
interface to generate a STOP and end the current transfer after the next ACK cycle. If STO and STA are both set
(while in Master Mode), a STOP followed by a START will be generated.
As a receiver, writing the ACK bit defines the outgoing ACK value; as a transmitter, reading the ACK bit indicates
the value received on the last ACK cycle. ACKRQ is set each time a byte is received, indicating that an outgoing
ACK value is needed. When ACKRQ is set, software should write the desired outgoing value to the ACK bit before
clearing SI. A NACK will be generated if software does not write the ACK bit before clearing SI. SDA will reflect
the defined ACK value immediately following a write to the ACK bit; however SCL will remain low until SI is
cleared. If a received slave address is not acknowledged, further slave events will be ignored until the next START is
detected.
The ARBLOST bit indicates that the interface has lost an arbitration. This may occur anytime the interface is transmitting (master or slave). A lost arbitration while operating as a slave indicates a bus error condition. ARBLOST is
cleared by hardware each time SI is cleared.
The SI bit (SMBus Interrupt Flag) is set at the beginning and end of each transfer, after each byte frame, or when an
arbitration is lost; see Table 16.3 for more details.
Important Note About the SI Bit: The SMBus interface is stalled while SI is set; thus SCL is held low, and the bus
is stalled until software clears SI.
Table 16.3 lists all sources for hardware changes to the SMB0CN bits. Refer to Table 16.4 for SMBus status decoding
using the SMB0CN register.
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Figure 16.6. SMB0CN: SMBus Control Register
R
R
MASTER TXMODE
Bit7
Bit6
R/W
R/W
STA
STO
Bit5
Bit4
R
R
ACKRQ ARBLOST
Bit3
Bit2
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
ACK
SI
00000000
Bit1
Bit0
Bit
Addressable
SFR Address: 0xC0
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
184
MASTER: SMBus Master/Slave Indicator.
This read-only bit indicates when the SMBus is operating as a master.
0: SMBus operating in Slave Mode.
1: SMBus operating in Master Mode.
TXMODE: SMBus Transmit Mode Indicator.
This read-only bit indicates when the SMBus is operating as a transmitter.
0: SMBus in Receiver Mode.
1: SMBus in Transmitter Mode.
STA: SMBus Start Flag.
Write:
0: No Start generated.
1: When operating as a master, a START condition is transmitted if the bus is free (If the bus is not
free, the START is transmitted after a STOP is received or a timeout is detected). If STA is set by software as an active Master, a repeated START will be generated after the next ACK cycle.
Read:
0: No Start or repeated Start detected.
1: Start or repeated Start detected.
STO: SMBus Stop Flag.
Write:
0: No STOP condition is transmitted.
1: Setting STO to logic 1 causes a STOP condition to be transmitted after the next ACK cycle. When
the STOP condition is generated, hardware clears STO to logic 0. If both STA and STO are set, a
STOP condition is transmitted followed by a START condition.
Read:
0: No Stop condition detected.
1: Stop condition detected (if in Slave Mode) or pending (if in Master Mode).
ACKRQ: SMBus Acknowledge Request
This read-only bit is set to logic 1 when the SMBus has received a byte and needs the ACK bit to be
written with the correct ACK response value.
ARBLOST: SMBus Arbitration Lost Indicator.
This read-only bit is set to logic 1 when the SMBus loses arbitration while operating as a transmitter.
A lost arbitration while a slave indicates a bus error condition.
ACK: SMBus Acknowledge Flag.
This bit defines the out-going ACK level and records incoming ACK levels. It should be written each
time a byte is received (when ACKRQ=1), or read after each byte is transmitted.
0: A "not acknowledge" has been received (if in Transmitter Mode) OR will be transmitted (if in
Receiver Mode).
1: An "acknowledge" has been received (if in Transmitter Mode) OR will be transmitted (if in
Receiver Mode).
SI: SMBus Interrupt Flag.
This bit is set by hardware under the conditions listed in Table 16.3. SI must be cleared by software.
While SI is set, SCL is held low and the SMBus is stalled.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Table 16.3. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN
Bit
MASTER
TXMODE
STA
STO
ACKRQ
ARBLOST
ACK
SI
Set by Hardware When:
• A START is generated.
Cleared by Hardware When:
• A STOP is generated.
• Arbitration is lost.
• START is generated.
• A START is detected.
• SMB0DAT is written before the start of an SMBus • Arbitration is lost.
frame.
• SMB0DAT is not written before the start
of an SMBus frame.
• A START followed by an address byte is received. • Must be cleared by software.
• A STOP is detected while addressed as a slave.
• A pending STOP is generated.
• Arbitration is lost due to a detected STOP.
• A byte has been received and an ACK response
• After each ACK cycle.
value is needed.
• A repeated START is detected as a MASTER when • Each time SI is cleared.
STA is low (unwanted repeated START).
• SCL is sensed low while attempting to generate a
STOP or repeated START condition.
• SDA is sensed low while transmitting a ‘1’
(excluding ACK bits).
• The incoming ACK value is low (ACKNOWL• The incoming ACK value is high (NOT
ACKNOWLEDGE).
EDGE).
• A START has been generated.
• Must be cleared by software.
• Lost arbitration.
• A byte has been transmitted and an ACK/NACK
received.
• A byte has been received.
• A START or repeated START followed by a slave
address + R/W has been received.
• A STOP has been received.
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16.4.3. Data Register
The SMBus Data register SMB0DAT holds a byte of serial data to be transmitted or one that has just been received.
Software may safely read or write to the data register when the SI flag is set. Software should not attempt to access
the SMB0DAT register when the SMBus is enabled and the SI flag is cleared to logic 0, as the interface may be in the
process of shifting a byte of data into or out of the register.
Data in SMB0DAT is always shifted out MSB first. After a byte has been received, the first bit of received data is
located at the MSB of SMB0DAT. While data is being shifted out, data on the bus is simultaneously being shifted in.
SMB0DAT always contains the last data byte present on the bus. In the event of lost arbitration, the transition from
master transmitter to slave receiver is made with the correct data or address in SMB0DAT.
Figure 16.7. SMB0DAT: SMBus Data Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address: 0xC2
Bits7-0:
186
SMB0DAT: SMBus Data.
The SMB0DAT register contains a byte of data to be transmitted on the SMBus serial interface or a
byte that has just been received on the SMBus serial interface. The CPU can read from or write to this
register whenever the SI serial interrupt flag (SMB0CN.0) is set to logic 1. The serial data in the register remains stable as long as the SI flag is set. When the SI flag is not set, the system may be in the
process of shifting data in/out and the CPU should not attempt to access this register.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
16.5.
SMBus Transfer Modes
The SMBus interface may be configured to operate as master and/or slave. At any particular time, it will be operating
in one of the following four modes: Master Transmitter, Master Receiver, Slave Transmitter, or Slave Receiver. The
SMBus interface enters Master Mode any time a START is generated, and remains in Master Mode until it loses an
arbitration or generates a STOP. An SMBus interrupt is generated at the end of all SMBus byte frames; however, note
that the interrupt is generated before the ACK cycle when operating as a receiver, and after the ACK cycle when
operating as a transmitter.
16.5.1. Master Transmitter Mode
Serial data is transmitted on SDA while the serial clock is output on SCL. The SMBus interface generates the START
condition and transmits the first byte containing the address of the target slave and the data direction bit. In this case
the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 0 (WRITE). The master then transmits one or more bytes of serial data.
After each byte is transmitted, an acknowledge bit is generated by the slave. The transfer is ended when the STO bit
is set and a STOP is generated. Note that the interface will switch to Master Receiver Mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Master Transmitter interrupt. Figure 16.8 shows a typical Master Transmitter sequence. Two transmit
data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be transmitted. Notice that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur after the ACK cycle in this mode.
Figure 16.8. Typical Master Transmitter Sequence
S
SLA
W
Interrupt
A
Interrupt
Data Byte
A
Data Byte
Interrupt
A
P
Interrupt
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
W = WRITE
SLA = Slave Address
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
Rev. 1.1
187
C8051F320/1
16.5.2. Master Receiver Mode
Serial data is received on SDA while the serial clock is output on SCL. The SMBus interface generates the START
condition and transmits the first byte containing the address of the target slave and the data direction bit. In this case
the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 1 (READ). Serial data is then received from the slave on SDA while the
SMBus outputs the serial clock. The slave transmits one or more bytes of serial data. After each byte is received,
ACKRQ is set to ‘1’ and an interrupt is generated. Software must write the ACK bit (SMB0CN.1) to define the outgoing acknowledge value (Note: writing a ‘1’ to the ACK bit generates an ACK; writing a ‘0’ generates a NACK).
Software should write a ‘0’ to the ACK bit after the last byte is received, to transmit a NACK. The interface exits
Master Receiver Mode after the STO bit is set and a STOP is generated. Note that the interface will switch to Master
Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an active Master Receiver. Figure 16.9 shows a typical Master
Receiver sequence. Two received data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be received. Notice that the
‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur before the ACK cycle in this mode.
Figure 16.9. Typical Master Receiver Sequence
S
SLA
R
Interrupt
A
Interrupt
Data Byte
A
Interrupt
N
Interrupt
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
N = NACK
R = READ
SLA = Slave Address
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
188
Data Byte
Rev. 1.1
P
C8051F320/1
16.5.3. Slave Receiver Mode
Serial data is received on SDA and the clock is received on SCL. When slave events are enabled (INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode when a START followed by a slave address and direction bit (WRITE in this case)
is received. Upon entering Slave Receiver Mode, an interrupt is generated and the ACKRQ bit is set. Software
responds to the received slave address with an ACK, or ignores the received slave address with a NACK. If the
received slave address is ignored, slave interrupts will be inhibited until the next START is detected. If the received
slave address is acknowledged, zero or more data bytes are received. Software must write the ACK bit after each
received byte to ACK or NACK the received byte. The interface exits Slave Receiver Mode after receiving a STOP.
Note that the interface will switch to Slave Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an active Slave Receiver.
Figure 16.10 shows a typical Slave Receiver sequence. Two received data bytes are shown, though any number of
bytes may be received. Notice that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur before the ACK cycle in this mode.
Figure 16.10. Typical Slave Receiver Sequence
Interrupt
S
SLA
W
A
Interrupt
Data Byte
A
Interrupt
Data Byte
A
P
Interrupt
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
W = WRITE
SLA = Slave Address
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
Rev. 1.1
189
C8051F320/1
16.5.4. Slave Transmitter Mode
Serial data is transmitted on SDA and the clock is received on SCL. When slave events are enabled (INH = 0), the
interface enters Slave Receiver Mode (to receive the slave address) when a START followed by a slave address and
direction bit (READ in this case) is received. Upon entering Slave Transmitter Mode, an interrupt is generated and
the ACKRQ bit is set. Software responds to the received slave address with an ACK, or ignores the received slave
address with a NACK. If the received slave address is ignored, slave interrupts will be inhibited until a START is
detected. If the received slave address is acknowledged, data should be written to SMB0DAT to be transmitted. The
interface enters Slave Transmitter Mode, and transmits one or more bytes of data. After each byte is transmitted, the
master sends an acknowledge bit; if the acknowledge bit is an ACK, SMB0DAT should be written with the next data
byte. If the acknowledge bit is a NACK, SMB0DAT should not be written to before SI is cleared (Note: an error condition may be generated if SMB0DAT is written following a received NACK while in Slave Transmitter Mode). The
interface exits Slave Transmitter Mode after receiving a STOP. Note that the interface will switch to Slave Receiver
Mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Slave Transmitter interrupt. Figure 16.11 shows a typical Slave Transmitter sequence. Two transmitted data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be transmitted. Notice that
the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur after the ACK cycle in this mode.
Figure 16.11. Typical Slave Transmitter Sequence
Interrupt
S
SLA
R
A
Interrupt
Data Byte
A
Interrupt
N
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
Rev. 1.1
P
Interrupt
S = START
P = STOP
N = NACK
R = READ
SLA = Slave Address
Received by SMBus
Interface
190
Data Byte
C8051F320/1
16.6.
SMBus Status Decoding
The current SMBus status can be easily decoded using the SMB0CN register. In the table below, STATUS VECTOR
refers to the four upper bits of SMB0CN: MASTER, TXMODE, STA, and STO. Note that the shown response
options are only the typical responses; application-specific procedures are allowed as long as they conform to the
SMBus specification. Highlighted responses are allowed but do not conform to the SMBus specification.
Table 16.4. SMBus Status Decoding
VALUES
WRITTEN
ARBLOST
ACK
0
X
0
0
A master data or address byte was
0 transmitted; NACK received.
A master START was generated.
A master data or address byte was
transmitted; ACK received.
1100
0
0
1
Master Receiver
A master data byte was received;
ACK requested.
1000
1
0
X
Rev. 1.1
ACK
ACKRQ
0
TYPICAL RESPONSE
OPTIONS
STO
STATUS
VECTOR
1110
CURRENT SMBUS STATE
STA
Master Transmitter
MODE
VALUES READ
Load slave address + R/W into
SMB0DAT.
0
0
X
Set STA to restart transfer.
1
0
X
Abort transfer.
0
1
X
Load next data byte into
SMB0DAT.
0
0
X
End transfer with STOP.
0
1
X
End transfer with STOP and
start another transfer.
1
1
X
Send repeated START.
1
0
X
Switch to Master Receiver
Mode (clear SI without writing
new data to SMB0DAT).
0
0
X
Acknowledge received byte;
Read SMB0DAT.
0
0
1
Send NACK to indicate last
byte, and send STOP.
0
1
0
Send NACK to indicate last
byte, and send STOP followed
by START.
1
1
0
Send ACK followed by
repeated START.
1
0
1
Send NACK to indicate last
byte, and send repeated START.
1
0
0
Send ACK and switch to Master
Transmitter Mode (write to
SMB0DAT before clearing SI).
0
0
1
Send NACK and switch to Master Transmitter Mode (write to
SMB0DAT before clearing SI).
0
0
0
191
C8051F320/1
Table 16.4. SMBus Status Decoding
VALUES
WRITTEN
ACK
STA
STO
ACK
0101
ARBLOST
STATUS
VECTOR
0100
0
0
0
A slave byte was transmitted; NACK No action required (expecting
received.
STOP condition).
0
0
X
0
0
1
A slave byte was transmitted; ACK
received.
Load SMB0DAT with next data
byte to transmit.
0
0
X
0
1
X
A Slave byte was transmitted; error
detected.
No action required (expecting
Master to end transfer).
0
0
X
0
X
X
A STOP was detected while an
addressed Slave Transmitter.
No action required (transfer
complete).
0
0
X
0
1
0
A slave address was received; ACK Acknowledge received address.
X requested.
Do not acknowledge received
address.
0
1
0
0
0
Acknowledge received address.
0
0
1
Do not acknowledge received
address.
0
0
0
Reschedule failed transfer; do
not acknowledge received
address.
1
0
0
Abort failed transfer.
0
0
X
Reschedule failed transfer.
1
0
X
Slave Receiver
0001
CURRENT SMBUS STATE
Lost arbitration as master; slave
address received; ACK requested.
0010
0010
1
1
X
0
1
Lost arbitration while attempting a
X repeated START.
1
1
X
Lost arbitration while attempting a
STOP.
No action required (transfer
complete/aborted).
0
0
0
0
0
X
A STOP was detected while an
addressed slave receiver.
No action required (transfer
complete).
0
0
X
0
1
Lost arbitration due to a detected
X STOP.
Abort transfer.
0
0
X
Reschedule failed transfer.
1
0
X
Acknowledge received byte;
Read SMB0DAT.
0
0
1
Do not acknowledge received
byte.
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
A slave byte was received; ACK
requested.
1
0
X
1
1
Lost arbitration while transmitting a Abort failed transfer.
X data byte as master.
Reschedule failed transfer.
0000
192
TYPICAL RESPONSE
OPTIONS
ACKRQ
Slave Transmitter
MODE
VALUES READ
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
17.
UART0
UART0 is an asynchronous, full duplex serial port offering modes 1 and 3 of the standard 8051 UART. Enhanced
baud rate support allows a wide range of clock sources to generate standard baud rates (details in Section
“17.1. Enhanced Baud Rate Generation” on page 194). Received data buffering allows UART0 to start reception
of a second incoming data byte before software has finished reading the previous data byte.
UART0 has two associated SFRs: Serial Control Register 0 (SCON0) and Serial Data Buffer 0 (SBUF0). The single
SBUF0 location provides access to both transmit and receive registers. Writes to SBUF0 always access the Transmit register. Reads of SBUF0 always access the buffered Receive register; it is not possible to read data from
the Transmit register.
With UART0 interrupts enabled, an interrupt is generated each time a transmit is completed (TI0 is set in SCON0), or
a data byte has been received (RI0 is set in SCON0). The UART0 interrupt flags are not cleared by hardware when
the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine. They must be cleared manually by software, allowing software to
determine the cause of the UART0 interrupt (transmit complete or receive complete).
Figure 17.1. UART0 Block Diagram
SFR Bus
Write to
SBUF
TB8
SBUF
(TX Shift)
SET
D
Q
TX
CLR
Crossbar
Zero Detector
Stop Bit
Shift
Start
Data
Tx Control
Tx Clock
Send
Tx IRQ
TI
MCE
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
SMODE
SCON
UART Baud
Rate Generator
RI
Serial
Port
Interrupt
Port I/O
Rx IRQ
Rx Clock
Rx Control
Start
Shift
0x1FF
Load
SBUF
RB8
Input Shift Register
(9 bits)
Load SBUF
SBUF
(RX Latch)
Read
SBUF
SFR Bus
RX
Rev. 1.1
Crossbar
193
C8051F320/1
17.1.
Enhanced Baud Rate Generation
The UART0 baud rate is generated by Timer 1 in 8-bit auto-reload mode. The TX clock is generated by TL1; the RX
clock is generated by a copy of TL1 (shown as RX Timer in Figure 17.2), which is not user-accessible. Both TX and
RX Timer overflows are divided by two to generate the TX and RX baud rates. The RX Timer runs when Timer 1 is
enabled, and uses the same reload value (TH1). However, an RX Timer reload is forced when a START condition is
detected on the RX pin. This allows a receive to begin any time a START is detected, independent of the TX Timer
state.
Figure 17.2. UART0 Baud Rate Logic
Timer 1
TL1
UART
Overflow
2
TX Clock
Overflow
2
RX Clock
TH1
Start
Detected
RX Timer
Timer 1 should be configured for Mode 2, 8-bit auto-reload (see Section “19.1.3. Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer
with Auto-Reload” on page 219). The Timer 1 reload value should be set so that overflows will occur at two times
the desired UART baud rate frequency. Note that Timer 1 may be clocked by one of six sources: SYSCLK,
SYSCLK / 4, SYSCLK / 12, SYSCLK / 48, the external oscillator clock / 8, or an external input T1. For any given
Timer 1 clock source, the UART0 baud rate is determined by Equation 17.1.
Equation 17.1. UART0 Baud Rate
T1 CLK
1
UartBaudRate = ------------------------------- × --( 256 – T1H ) 2
Where T1CLK is the frequency of the clock supplied to Timer 1, and T1H is the high byte of Timer 1 (reload value).
Timer 1 clock frequency is selected as described in Section “19. Timers” on page 217. A quick reference for typical
baud rates and system clock frequencies is given in Table 17.1 through Table 17.6. Note that the internal oscillator
may still generate the system clock when the external oscillator is driving Timer 1.
194
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
17.2.
Operational Modes
UART0 provides standard asynchronous, full duplex communication. The UART mode (8-bit or 9-bit) is selected by
the S0MODE bit (SCON0.7). Typical UART connection options are shown below.
Figure 17.3. UART Interconnect Diagram
TX
RS-232
LEVEL
XLTR
RS-232
RX
C8051Fxxx
OR
TX
TX
RX
RX
MCU
C8051Fxxx
17.2.1. 8-Bit UART
8-Bit UART mode uses a total of 10 bits per data byte: one start bit, eight data bits (LSB first), and one stop bit. Data
are transmitted LSB first from the TX0 pin and received at the RX0 pin. On receive, the eight data bits are stored in
SBUF0 and the stop bit goes into RB80 (SCON0.2).
Data transmission begins when software writes a data byte to the SBUF0 register. The TI0 Transmit Interrupt Flag
(SCON0.1) is set at the end of the transmission (the beginning of the stop-bit time). Data reception can begin any
time after the REN0 Receive Enable bit (SCON0.4) is set to logic 1. After the stop bit is received, the data byte will
be loaded into the SBUF0 receive register if the following conditions are met: RI0 must be logic 0, and if MCE0 is
logic 1, the stop bit must be logic 1. In the event of a receive data overrun, the first received 8 bits are latched into the
SBUF0 receive register and the following overrun data bits are lost.
If these conditions are met, the eight bits of data is stored in SBUF0, the stop bit is stored in RB80 and the RI0 flag is
set. If these conditions are not met, SBUF0 and RB80 will not be loaded and the RI0 flag will not be set. An interrupt
will occur if enabled when either TI0 or RI0 is set.
Figure 17.4. 8-Bit UART Timing Diagram
MARK
SPACE
START
BIT
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
STOP
BIT
BIT TIMES
BIT SAMPLING
Rev. 1.1
195
C8051F320/1
17.2.2. 9-Bit UART
9-bit UART mode uses a total of eleven bits per data byte: a start bit, 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable ninth
data bit, and a stop bit. The state of the ninth transmit data bit is determined by the value in TB80 (SCON0.3), which
is assigned by user software. It can be assigned the value of the parity flag (bit P in register PSW) for error detection,
or used in multiprocessor communications. On receive, the ninth data bit goes into RB80 (SCON0.2) and the stop bit
is ignored.
Data transmission begins when an instruction writes a data byte to the SBUF0 register. The TI0 Transmit Interrupt
Flag (SCON0.1) is set at the end of the transmission (the beginning of the stop-bit time). Data reception can begin
any time after the REN0 Receive Enable bit (SCON0.4) is set to ‘1’. After the stop bit is received, the data byte will
be loaded into the SBUF0 receive register if the following conditions are met: (1) RI0 must be logic 0, and (2) if
MCE0 is logic 1, the 9th bit must be logic 1 (when MCE0 is logic 0, the state of the ninth data bit is unimportant). If
these conditions are met, the eight bits of data are stored in SBUF0, the ninth bit is stored in RB80, and the RI0 flag is
set to ‘1’. If the above conditions are not met, SBUF0 and RB80 will not be loaded and the RI0 flag will not be set to
‘1’. A UART0 interrupt will occur if enabled when either TI0 or RI0 is set to ‘1’.
Figure 17.5. 9-Bit UART Timing Diagram
MARK
SPACE
START
BIT
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
BIT TIMES
BIT SAMPLING
196
Rev. 1.1
D5
D6
D7
D8
STOP
BIT
C8051F320/1
17.3.
Multiprocessor Communications
9-Bit UART mode supports multiprocessor communication between a master processor and one or more slave processors by special use of the ninth data bit. When a master processor wants to transmit to one or more slaves, it first
sends an address byte to select the target(s). An address byte differs from a data byte in that its ninth bit is logic 1; in
a data byte, the ninth bit is always set to logic 0.
Setting the MCE0 bit (SCON0.5) of a slave processor configures its UART such that when a stop bit is received, the
UART will generate an interrupt only if the ninth bit is logic 1 (RB80 = 1) signifying an address byte has been
received. In the UART interrupt handler, software will compare the received address with the slave's own assigned 8bit address. If the addresses match, the slave will clear its MCE0 bit to enable interrupts on the reception of the following data byte(s). Slaves that weren't addressed leave their MCE0 bits set and do not generate interrupts on the
reception of the following data bytes, thereby ignoring the data. Once the entire message is received, the addressed
slave resets its MCE0 bit to ignore all transmissions until it receives the next address byte.
Multiple addresses can be assigned to a single slave and/or a single address can be assigned to multiple slaves,
thereby enabling "broadcast" transmissions to more than one slave simultaneously. The master processor can be configured to receive all transmissions or a protocol can be implemented such that the master/slave role is temporarily
reversed to enable half-duplex transmission between the original master and slave(s).
Figure 17.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram
Master
Device
RX
TX
Slave
Device
RX
TX
Slave
Device
RX
TX
Rev. 1.1
Slave
Device
RX
V+
TX
197
C8051F320/1
Figure 17.7. SCON0: Serial Port 0 Control Register
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
S0MODE
-
MCE0
REN0
TB80
RB80
TI0
RI0
01000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
Bit
Addressable
SFR Address: 0x98
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
198
S0MODE: Serial Port 0 Operation Mode.
This bit selects the UART0 Operation Mode.
0: 8-bit UART with Variable Baud Rate.
1: 9-bit UART with Variable Baud Rate.
UNUSED. Read = 1b. Write = don’t care.
MCE0: Multiprocessor Communication Enable.
The function of this bit is dependent on the Serial Port 0 Operation Mode.
S0MODE = 0: Checks for valid stop bit.
0: Logic level of stop bit is ignored.
1: RI0 will only be activated if stop bit is logic level 1.
S0MODE = 1: Multiprocessor Communications Enable.
0: Logic level of ninth bit is ignored.
1: RI0 is set and an interrupt is generated only when the ninth bit is logic 1.
REN0: Receive Enable.
This bit enables/disables the UART receiver.
0: UART0 reception disabled.
1: UART0 reception enabled.
TB80: Ninth Transmission Bit.
The logic level of this bit will be assigned to the ninth transmission bit in 9-bit UART Mode. It is not
used in 8-bit UART Mode. Set or cleared by software as required.
RB80: Ninth Receive Bit.
RB80 is assigned the value of the STOP bit in Mode 0; it is assigned the value of the 9th data bit in
Mode 1.
TI0: Transmit Interrupt Flag.
Set by hardware when a byte of data has been transmitted by UART0 (after the 8th bit in 8-bit UART
Mode, or at the beginning of the STOP bit in 9-bit UART Mode). When the UART0 interrupt is
enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit
must be cleared manually by software.
RI0: Receive Interrupt Flag.
Set to ‘1’ by hardware when a byte of data has been received by UART0 (set at the STOP bit sampling time). When the UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit to ‘1’ causes the CPU to vector to
the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared manually by software.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 17.8. SBUF0: Serial (UART0) Port Data Buffer Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address: 0x99
Bits7-0:
SBUF0[7:0]: Serial Data Buffer Bits 7-0 (MSB-LSB)
This SFR accesses two registers; a transmit shift register and a receive latch register. When data is
written to SBUF0, it goes to the transmit shift register and is held for serial transmission. Writing a
byte to SBUF0 initiates the transmission. A read of SBUF0 returns the contents of the receive latch.
Rev. 1.1
199
C8051F320/1
SYSCLK from
Internal Osc.
Table 17.1. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using The Internal Oscillator
Frequency: 24.5 MHz
Target
Baud Rate
Baud Rate
% Error
(bps)
230400
-0.32%
115200
-0.32%
57600
0.15%
28800
-0.32%
14400
0.15%
9600
-0.32%
2400
-0.32%
1200
0.15%
Oscillator
Divide
Factor
106
212
426
848
1704
2544
10176
20448
Timer Clock SCA1-SCA0
Source
(pre-scale select)†
SYSCLK
XX
SYSCLK
XX
SYSCLK
XX
SYSCLK / 4
01
SYSCLK / 12
00
SYSCLK / 12
00
SYSCLK / 48
10
SYSCLK / 48
10
X = Don’t care
T1M† Timer 1
Reload
Value (hex)
1
0xCB
1
0x96
1
0x2B
0
0x96
0
0xB9
0
0x96
0
0x96
0
0x2B
†
SCA1-SCA0 and T1M bit definitions can be found in Section 19.1.
SYSCLK from
Internal Osc.
SYSCLK from
External Osc.
Table 17.2. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External Oscillator
Frequency: 25.0 MHz
Target
Baud Rate
Baud Rate
% Error
(bps)
230400
-0.47%
115200
0.45%
57600
-0.01%
28800
0.45%
14400
-0.01%
9600
0.15%
2400
0.45%
1200
-0.01%
57600
-0.47%
28800
-0.47%
14400
0.45%
9600
0.15%
Oscillator
Divide
Factor
108
218
434
872
1736
2608
10464
20832
432
864
1744
2608
Timer Clock SCA1-SCA0
Source
(pre-scale select)†
SYSCLK
SYSCLK
SYSCLK
SYSCLK / 4
SYSCLK / 4
EXTCLK / 8
SYSCLK / 48
SYSCLK / 48
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
XX
XX
XX
01
01
11
10
10
11
11
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
T1M† Timer 1
Reload
Value (hex)
1
0xCA
1
0x93
1
0x27
0
0x93
0
0x27
0
0x5D
0
0x93
0
0x27
0
0xE5
0
0xCA
0
0x93
0
X = Don’t care
†SCA1-SCA0
200
and T1M bit definitions can be found in Section 19.1.
Rev. 1.1
0x5D
C8051F320/1
SYSCLK from
Internal Osc.
SYSCLK from
External Osc.
Table 17.3. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External Oscillator
Frequency: 22.1184 MHz
Target
Baud Rate
Baud Rate
% Error
(bps)
230400
0.00%
115200
0.00%
57600
0.00%
28800
0.00%
14400
0.00%
9600
0.00%
2400
0.00%
1200
0.00%
230400
0.00%
115200
0.00%
57600
0.00%
28800
0.00%
14400
0.00%
9600
0.00%
Oscillator
Divide
Factor
96
192
384
768
1536
2304
9216
18432
96
192
384
768
1536
2304
Timer Clock SCA1-SCA0
Source
(pre-scale select)†
SYSCLK
XX
SYSCLK
XX
SYSCLK
XX
SYSCLK / 12
00
SYSCLK / 12
00
SYSCLK / 12
00
SYSCLK / 48
10
SYSCLK / 48
10
EXTCLK / 8
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
X = Don’t care
T1M† Timer 1
Reload
Value (hex)
1
0xD0
1
0xA0
1
0x40
0
0xE0
0
0xC0
0
0xA0
0
0xA0
0
0x40
0
0xFA
0
0xF4
0
0xE8
0
0xD0
0
0xA0
0
0x70
†
SCA1-SCA0 and T1M bit definitions can be found in Section 19.1.
SYSCLK from
Internal Osc.
SYSCLK from
External Osc.
Table 17.4. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External Oscillator
Frequency: 18.432 MHz
Target
Baud Rate
Baud Rate
% Error
(bps)
230400
0.00%
115200
0.00%
57600
0.00%
28800
0.00%
14400
0.00%
9600
0.00%
2400
0.00%
1200
0.00%
230400
0.00%
115200
0.00%
57600
0.00%
28800
0.00%
14400
0.00%
9600
0.00%
Oscillator
Divide
Factor
80
160
320
640
1280
1920
7680
15360
80
160
320
640
1280
1920
Timer Clock SCA1-SCA0
Source
(pre-scale select)†
SYSCLK
XX
SYSCLK
XX
SYSCLK
XX
SYSCLK / 4
01
SYSCLK / 4
01
SYSCLK / 12
00
SYSCLK / 48
10
SYSCLK / 48
10
EXTCLK / 8
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
EXTCLK / 8
11
X = Don’t care
T1M† Timer 1
Reload
Value (hex)
1
0xD8
1
0xB0
1
0x60
0
0xB0
0
0x60
0
0xB0
0
0xB0
0
0x60
0
0xFB
0
0xF6
0
0xEC
0
0xD8
0
0xB0
0
0x88
†
SCA1-SCA0 and T1M bit definitions can be found in Section 19.1.
Rev. 1.1
201
C8051F320/1
SYSCLK from
Internal Osc.
SYSCLK from
External Osc.
Table 17.5. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External Oscillator
Frequency: 11.0592 MHz
Target
Baud Rate
Baud Rate
% Error
(bps)
230400
0.00%
115200
0.00%
57600
0.00%
28800
0.00%
14400
0.00%
9600
0.00%
2400
0.00%
1200
0.00%
230400
0.00%
115200
0.00%
57600
0.00%
28800
0.00%
14400
0.00%
9600
0.00%
Oscillator
Divide
Factor
48
96
192
384
768
1152
4608
9216
48
96
192
384
768
1152
Timer Clock SCA1-SCA0
Source
(pre-scale select)†
SYSCLK
SYSCLK
SYSCLK
SYSCLK
SYSCLK / 12
SYSCLK / 12
SYSCLK / 12
SYSCLK / 48
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
X = Don’t care
XX
XX
XX
XX
00
00
00
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
T1M† Timer 1
Reload
Value (hex)
1
0xE8
1
0xD0
1
0xA0
1
0x40
0
0xE0
0
0xD0
0
0x40
0
0xA0
0
0xFD
0
0xFA
0
0xF4
0
0xE8
0
0xD0
0
0xB8
†
SCA1-SCA0 and T1M bit definitions can be found in Section 19.1.
SYSCLK from
Internal Osc.
SYSCLK from
External Osc.
Table 17.6. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External Oscillator
Frequency: 3.6864 MHz
Target
Baud Rate% Oscillator
Baud Rate
Error
Divide
(bps)
Factor
230400
0.00%
16
115200
0.00%
32
57600
0.00%
64
28800
0.00%
128
14400
0.00%
256
9600
0.00%
384
2400
0.00%
1536
1200
0.00%
3072
230400
0.00%
16
115200
0.00%
32
57600
0.00%
64
28800
0.00%
128
14400
0.00%
256
9600
0.00%
384
Timer Clock SCA1-SCA0
Source
(pre-scale select)†
SYSCLK
SYSCLK
SYSCLK
SYSCLK
SYSCLK
SYSCLK
SYSCLK / 12
SYSCLK / 12
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
EXTCLK / 8
X = Don’t care
†
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
00
00
11
11
11
11
11
11
T1M† Timer 1
Reload
Value (hex)
1
0xF8
1
0xF0
1
0xE0
1
0xC0
1
0x80
1
0x40
0
0xC0
0
0x80
0
0xFF
0
0xFE
0
0xFC
0
0xF8
0
0xF0
0
0xE8
SCA1-SCA0 and T1M bit definitions can be found in Section 19.1.
202
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
18.
ENHANCED SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI0)
The Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) provides access to a flexible, full-duplex synchronous serial bus.
SPI0 can operate as a master or slave device in both 3-wire or 4-wire modes, and supports multiple masters and slaves
on a single SPI bus. The slave-select (NSS) signal can be configured as an input to select SPI0 in slave mode, or to
disable Master Mode operation in a multi-master environment, avoiding contention on the SPI bus when more than
one master attempts simultaneous data transfers. NSS can also be configured as a chip-select output in master mode,
or disabled for 3-wire operation. Additional general purpose port I/O pins can be used to select multiple slave devices
in master mode.
Figure 18.1. SPI Block Diagram
SFR Bus
SYSCLK
SPI0CN
SPIBSY
MSTEN
CKPHA
CKPOL
SLVSEL
NSSIN
SRMT
RXBMT
SPIF
WCOL
MODF
RXOVRN
NSSMD1
NSSMD0
TXBMT
SPIEN
SPI0CFG
SCR7
SCR6
SCR5
SCR4
SCR3
SCR2
SCR1
SCR0
SPI0CKR
Clock Divide
Logic
SPI CONTROL LOGIC
Data Path
Control
SPI IRQ
Pin Interface
Control
MOSI
Tx Data
SPI0DAT
SCK
Transmit Data Buffer
Shift Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rx Data
Pin
Control
Logic
Receive Data Buffer
Write
SPI0DAT
MISO
C
R
O
S
S
B
A
R
Port I/O
NSS
Read
SPI0DAT
SFR Bus
Rev. 1.1
203
C8051F320/1
18.1.
Signal Descriptions
The four signals used by SPI0 (MOSI, MISO, SCK, NSS) are described below.
18.1.1. Master Out, Slave In (MOSI)
The master-out, slave-in (MOSI) signal is an output from a master device and an input to slave devices. It is used to
serially transfer data from the master to the slave. This signal is an output when SPI0 is operating as a master and an
input when SPI0 is operating as a slave. Data is transferred most-significant bit first. When configured as a master,
MOSI is driven by the MSB of the shift register in both 3- and 4-wire mode.
18.1.2. Master In, Slave Out (MISO)
The master-in, slave-out (MISO) signal is an output from a slave device and an input to the master device. It is used
to serially transfer data from the slave to the master. This signal is an input when SPI0 is operating as a master and an
output when SPI0 is operating as a slave. Data is transferred most-significant bit first. The MISO pin is placed in a
high-impedance state when the SPI module is disabled and when the SPI operates in 4-wire mode as a slave that is
not selected. When acting as a slave in 3-wire mode, MISO is always driven by the MSB of the shift register.
18.1.3. Serial Clock (SCK)
The serial clock (SCK) signal is an output from the master device and an input to slave devices. It is used to synchronize the transfer of data between the master and slave on the MOSI and MISO lines. SPI0 generates this signal when
operating as a master. The SCK signal is ignored by a SPI slave when the slave is not selected (NSS = 1) in 4-wire
slave mode.
18.1.4. Slave Select (NSS)
The function of the slave-select (NSS) signal is dependent on the setting of the NSSMD1 and NSSMD0 bits in the
SPI0CN register. There are three possible modes that can be selected with these bits:
1. NSSMD[1:0] = 00: 3-Wire Master or 3-Wire Slave Mode: SPI0 operates in 3-wire mode, and NSS is
disabled. When operating as a slave device, SPI0 is always selected in 3-wire mode. Since no select signal is
present, SPI0 must be the only slave on the bus in 3-wire mode. This is intended for point-to-point communication between a master and one slave.
2. NSSMD[1:0] = 01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode: SPI0 operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is
enabled as an input. When operating as a slave, NSS selects the SPI0 device. When operating as a master, a
1-to-0 transition of the NSS signal disables the master function of SPI0 so that multiple master devices can
be used on the same SPI bus.
3. NSSMD[1:0] = 1x: 4-Wire Master Mode: SPI0 operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is enabled as an output. The setting of NSSMD0 determines what logic level the NSS pin will output. This configuration should
only be used when operating SPI0 as a master device.
See Figure 18.2, Figure 18.3, and Figure 18.4 for typical connection diagrams of the various operational modes. Note
that the setting of NSSMD bits affects the pinout of the device. When in 3-wire master or 3-wire slave mode, the
NSS pin will not be mapped by the crossbar. In all other modes, the NSS signal will be mapped to a pin on the device.
See Section “14. Port Input/Output” on page 127 for general purpose port I/O and crossbar information.
204
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
18.2.
SPI0 Master Mode Operation
A SPI master device initiates all data transfers on a SPI bus. SPI0 is placed in master mode by setting the Master
Enable flag (MSTEN, SPI0CN.6). Writing a byte of data to the SPI0 data register (SPI0DAT) when in master mode
writes to the transmit buffer. If the SPI shift register is empty, the byte in the transmit buffer is moved to the shift register, and a data transfer begins. The SPI0 master immediately shifts out the data serially on the MOSI line while providing the serial clock on SCK. The SPIF (SPI0CN.7) flag is set to logic 1 at the end of the transfer. If interrupts are
enabled, an interrupt request is generated when the SPIF flag is set. While the SPI0 master transfers data to a slave on
the MOSI line, the addressed SPI slave device simultaneously transfers the contents of its shift register to the SPI
master on the MISO line in a full-duplex operation. Therefore, the SPIF flag serves as both a transmit-complete and
receive-data-ready flag. The data byte received from the slave is transferred MSB-first into the master's shift register.
When a byte is fully shifted into the register, it is moved to the receive buffer where it can be read by the processor by
reading SPI0DAT.
When configured as a master, SPI0 can operate in one of three different modes: multi-master mode, 3-wire singlemaster mode, and 4-wire single-master mode. The default, multi-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) =
0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 1. In this mode, NSS is an input to the device, and is used to disable the master SPI0
when another master is accessing the bus. When NSS is pulled low in this mode, MSTEN (SPI0CN.6) and SPIEN
(SPI0CN.0) are set to 0 to disable the SPI master device, and a Mode Fault is generated (MODF, SPI0CN.5 = 1).
Mode Fault will generate an interrupt if enabled. SPI0 must be manually re-enabled in software under these circumstances. In multi-master systems, devices will typically default to being slave devices while they are not acting as the
system master device. In multi-master mode, slave devices can be addressed individually (if needed) using generalpurpose I/O pins. Figure 18.2 shows a connection diagram between two master devices in multiple-master mode.
3-wire single-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 0. In this mode,
NSS is not used, and is not mapped to an external port pin through the crossbar. Any slave devices that must be
addressed in this mode should be selected using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 18.3 shows a connection diagram
between a master device in 3-wire master mode and a slave device.
4-wire single-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 1. In this mode, NSS is configured as an output
pin, and can be used as a slave-select signal for a single SPI device. In this mode, the output value of NSS is controlled (in software) with the bit NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2). Additional slave devices can be addressed using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 18.4 shows a connection diagram for a master device in 4-wire master mode and two slave
devices.
Rev. 1.1
205
C8051F320/1
Figure 18.2. Multiple-Master Mode Connection Diagram
Master
Device 1
NSS
GPIO
MISO
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
SCK
SCK
GPIO
NSS
Master
Device 2
Figure 18.3. 3-Wire Single Master and 3-Wire Single Slave Mode Connection Diagram
Master
Device
MISO
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
SCK
SCK
Slave
Device
Figure 18.4. 4-Wire Single Master Mode and 4-Wire Slave Mode Connection Diagram
Master
Device
GPIO
MISO
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
SCK
SCK
NSS
NSS
MISO
MOSI
SCK
NSS
206
Rev. 1.1
Slave
Device
Slave
Device
C8051F320/1
18.3.
SPI0 Slave Mode Operation
When SPI0 is enabled and not configured as a master, it will operate as a SPI slave. As a slave, bytes are shifted in
through the MOSI pin and out through the MISO pin by a master device controlling the SCK signal. A bit counter in
the SPI0 logic counts SCK edges. When 8 bits have been shifted through the shift register, the SPIF flag is set to logic
1, and the byte is copied into the receive buffer. Data is read from the receive buffer by reading SPI0DAT. A slave
device cannot initiate transfers. Data to be transferred to the master device is pre-loaded into the shift register by writing to SPI0DAT. Writes to SPI0DAT are double-buffered, and are placed in the transmit buffer first. If the shift register is empty, the contents of the transmit buffer will immediately be transferred into the shift register. When the shift
register already contains data, the SPI will load the shift register with the transmit buffer’s contents after the last SCK
edge of the next (or current) SPI transfer.
When configured as a slave, SPI0 can be configured for 4-wire or 3-wire operation. The default, 4-wire slave mode,
is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 1. In 4-wire mode, the NSS signal is routed to
a port pin and configured as a digital input. SPI0 is enabled when NSS is logic 0, and disabled when NSS is logic 1.
The bit counter is reset on a falling edge of NSS. Note that the NSS signal must be driven low at least 2 system clocks
before the first active edge of SCK for each byte transfer. Figure 18.4 shows a connection diagram between two slave
devices in 4-wire slave mode and a master device.
3-wire slave mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 0. NSS is not used in this
mode, and is not mapped to an external port pin through the crossbar. Since there is no way of uniquely addressing
the device in 3-wire slave mode, SPI0 must be the only slave device present on the bus. It is important to note that in
3-wire slave mode there is no external means of resetting the bit counter that determines when a full byte has been
received. The bit counter can only be reset by disabling and re-enabling SPI0 with the SPIEN bit. Figure 18.3 shows
a connection diagram between a slave device in 3-wire slave mode and a master device.
18.4.
SPI0 Interrupt Sources
When SPI0 interrupts are enabled, the following four flags will generate an interrupt when they are set to logic 1:
Note that all of the following bits must be cleared by software.
1. The SPI Interrupt Flag, SPIF (SPI0CN.7) is set to logic 1 at the end of each byte transfer. This flag can
occur in all SPI0 modes.
2. The Write Collision Flag, WCOL (SPI0CN.6) is set to logic 1 if a write to SPI0DAT is attempted when
the transmit buffer has not been emptied to the SPI shift register. When this occurs, the write to SPI0DAT
will be ignored, and the transmit buffer will not be written.This flag can occur in all SPI0 modes.
3. The Mode Fault Flag MODF (SPI0CN.5) is set to logic 1 when SPI0 is configured as a master, and for
multi-master mode and the NSS pin is pulled low. When a Mode Fault occurs, the MSTEN and SPIEN bits
in SPI0CN are set to logic 0 to disable SPI0 and allow another master device to access the bus.
4. The Receive Overrun Flag RXOVRN (SPI0CN.4) is set to logic 1 when configured as a slave, and a
transfer is completed and the receive buffer still holds an unread byte from a previous transfer. The new byte
is not transferred to the receive buffer, allowing the previously received data byte to be read. The data byte
which caused the overrun is lost.
Rev. 1.1
207
C8051F320/1
18.5.
Serial Clock Timing
Four combinations of serial clock phase and polarity can be selected using the clock control bits in the SPI0 Configuration Register (SPI0CFG). The CKPHA bit (SPI0CFG.5) selects one of two clock phases (edge used to latch the
data). The CKPOL bit (SPI0CFG.4) selects between an active-high or active-low clock. Both master and slave
devices must be configured to use the same clock phase and polarity. SPI0 should be disabled (by clearing the SPIEN
bit, SPI0CN.0) when changing the clock phase or polarity. The clock and data line relationships for master mode are
shown in Figure 18.5. For slave mode, the clock and data relationships are shown in Figure 18.6 and Figure 18.7.
Note that CKPHA must be set to ‘0’ on both the master and slave SPI when communicating between two of the following devices: C8051F04x, C8051F06x, C8051F12x, C8051F31x, C8051F32x, and C8051F33x
The SPI0 Clock Rate Register (SPI0CKR) as shown in Figure 18.10 controls the master mode serial clock frequency.
This register is ignored when operating in slave mode. When the SPI is configured as a master, the maximum data
transfer rate (bits/sec) is one-half the system clock frequency or 12.5 MHz, whichever is slower. When the SPI is configured as a slave, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) for full-duplex operation is 1/10 the system clock frequency, provided that the master issues SCK, NSS (in 4-wire slave mode), and the serial input data synchronously
with the slave’s system clock. If the master issues SCK, NSS, and the serial input data asynchronously, the maximum
data transfer rate (bits/sec) must be less than 1/10 the system clock frequency. In the special case where the master
only wants to transmit data to the slave and does not need to receive data from the slave (i.e. half-duplex operation),
the SPI slave can receive data at a maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) of 1/4 the system clock frequency. This is
provided that the master issues SCK, NSS, and the serial input data synchronously with the slave’s system clock.
Figure 18.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1)
MISO/MOSI
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
NSS (Must Remain High
in Multi-Master Mode)
208
Rev. 1.1
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
C8051F320/1
Figure 18.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0)
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0)
MOSI
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
MISO
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
NSS (4-Wire Mode)
Figure 18.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1)
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1)
MOSI
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
MISO
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Bit 0
NSS (4-Wire Mode)
Rev. 1.1
209
C8051F320/1
18.6.
SPI Special Function Registers
SPI0 is accessed and controlled through four special function registers in the system controller: SPI0CN Control Register, SPI0DAT Data Register, SPI0CFG Configuration Register, and SPI0CKR Clock Rate Register. The four special
function registers related to the operation of the SPI0 Bus are described in the following figures.
Figure 18.8. SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration Register
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R
R
R
Reset Value
SPIBSY
MSTEN
CKPHA
CKPOL
SLVSEL
NSSIN
SRMT
RXBMT
00000111
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address: 0xA1
Bit 7:
Bit 6:
Bit 5:
Bit 4:
Bit 3:
Bit 2:
Bit 1:
Bit 0:
SPIBSY: SPI Busy (read only).
This bit is set to logic 1 when a SPI transfer is in progress (Master or slave Mode).
MSTEN: Master Mode Enable.
0: Disable master mode. Operate in slave mode.
1: Enable master mode. Operate as a master.
CKPHA: SPI0 Clock Phase.
This bit controls the SPI0 clock phase.
0: Data centered on first edge of SCK period.†
1: Data centered on second edge of SCK period.†
CKPOL: SPI0 Clock Polarity.
This bit controls the SPI0 clock polarity.
0: SCK line low in idle state.
1: SCK line high in idle state.
SLVSEL: Slave Selected Flag (read only).
This bit is set to logic 1 whenever the NSS pin is low indicating SPI0 is the selected slave. It is
cleared to logic 0 when NSS is high (slave not selected). This bit does not indicate the instantaneous
value at the NSS pin, but rather a de-glitched version of the pin input.
NSSIN: NSS Instantaneous Pin Input (read only).
This bit mimics the instantaneous value that is present on the NSS port pin at the time that the register
is read. This input is not de-glitched.
SRMT: Shift Register Empty (Valid in Slave Mode, read only).
This bit will be set to logic 1 when all data has been transferred in/out of the shift register, and there is
no new information available to read from the transmit buffer or write to the receive buffer. It returns
to logic 0 when a data byte is transferred to the shift register from the transmit buffer or by a transition
on SCK.
NOTE: SRMT = 1 when in Master Mode.
RXBMT: Receive Buffer Empty (Valid in Slave Mode, read only).
This bit will be set to logic 1 when the receive buffer has been read and contains no new information.
If there is new information available in the receive buffer that has not been read, this bit will return to
logic 0.
NOTE: RXBMT = 1 when in Master Mode.
†
In slave mode, data on MOSI is sampled in the center of each data bit. In master mode, data on MISO is sampled
one SYSCLK before the end of each data bit, to provide maximum settling time for the slave device. See Table 18.1
for timing parameters.
210
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 18.9. SPI0CN: SPI0 Control Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
SPIF
WCOL
MODF
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
R/W
R/W
RXOVRN NSSMD1
Bit4
R/W
R
R/W
Reset Value
NSSMD0
TXBMT
SPIEN
00000110
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
Bit
Addressable
Bit3
SFR Address: 0xF8
Bit 7:
Bit 6:
Bit 5:
Bit 4:
Bits 3-2:
Bit 1:
Bit 0:
SPIF: SPI0 Interrupt Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware at the end of a data transfer. If interrupts are enabled, setting this
bit causes the CPU to vector to the SPI0 interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared
by hardware. It must be cleared by software.
WCOL: Write Collision Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) to indicate a write to the SPI0
data register was attempted while a data transfer was in progress. It must be cleared by software.
MODF: Mode Fault Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) when a master mode collision is
detected (NSS is low, MSTEN = 1, and NSSMD[1:0] = 01). This bit is not automatically cleared by
hardware. It must be cleared by software.
RXOVRN: Receive Overrun Flag (Slave Mode only).
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) when the receive buffer still
holds unread data from a previous transfer and the last bit of the current transfer is shifted into the
SPI0 shift register. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware. It must be cleared by software.
NSSMD1-NSSMD0: Slave Select Mode.
Selects between the following NSS operation modes:
(See Section “18.2. SPI0 Master Mode Operation” on page 205 and Section “18.3. SPI0 Slave
Mode Operation” on page 207).
00: 3-Wire Slave or 3-wire Master Mode. NSS signal is not routed to a port pin.
01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode (Default). NSS is always an input to the device.
1x: 4-Wire Single-Master Mode. NSS signal is mapped as an output from the device and will assume
the value of NSSMD0.
TXBMT: Transmit Buffer Empty.
This bit will be set to logic 0 when new data has been written to the transmit buffer. When data in the
transmit buffer is transferred to the SPI shift register, this bit will be set to logic 1, indicating that it is
safe to write a new byte to the transmit buffer.
SPIEN: SPI0 Enable.
This bit enables/disables the SPI.
0: SPI disabled.
1: SPI enabled.
Rev. 1.1
211
C8051F320/1
Figure 18.10. SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
SCR7
SCR6
SCR5
SCR4
SCR3
SCR2
SCR1
SCR0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address: 0xA2
Bits 7-0:
SCR7-SCR0: SPI0 Clock Rate.
These bits determine the frequency of the SCK output when the SPI0 module is configured for master
mode operation. The SCK clock frequency is a divided version of the system clock, and is given in the
following equation, where SYSCLK is the system clock frequency and SPI0CKR is the 8-bit value
held in the SPI0CKR register.
SYSCLK
f SCK = -----------------------------------------------2 × ( SPI0CKR + 1 )
for 0 <= SPI0CKR <= 255
Example: If SYSCLK = 2 MHz and SPI0CKR = 0x04,
2000000 f SCK = ------------------------2 × (4 + 1)
f SCK = 200kHz
212
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 18.11. SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
Reset Value
00000000
SFR Address: 0xA3
Bits 7-0:
SPI0DAT: SPI0 Transmit and Receive Data.
The SPI0DAT register is used to transmit and receive SPI0 data. Writing data to SPI0DAT places the
data into the transmit buffer and initiates a transfer when in Master Mode. A read of SPI0DAT returns
the contents of the receive buffer.
Rev. 1.1
213
C8051F320/1
Figure 18.12. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 0)
SCK*
T
T
MCKH
MCKL
T
T
MIS
MIH
MISO
MOSI
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 18.13. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 1)
SCK*
T
T
MCKH
MCKL
T
T
MIS
MIH
MISO
MOSI
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
214
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 18.14. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 0)
NSS
T
T
SE
T
CKL
SD
SCK*
T
CKH
T
SIS
T
SIH
MOSI
T
T
SEZ
T
SOH
SDZ
MISO
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 18.15. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 1)
NSS
T
T
SE
T
CKL
SD
SCK*
T
CKH
T
SIS
T
SIH
MOSI
T
SEZ
T
T
SOH
SLH
T
SDZ
MISO
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Rev. 1.1
215
C8051F320/1
Table 18.1. SPI Slave Timing Parameters
PARAMETER
DESCRIPTION
MIN
MAX
UNITS
MASTER MODE TIMING† (See Figure 18.12 and Figure 18.13)
TMCKH
SCK High Time
1*TSYSCLK
ns
TMCKL
SCK Low Time
1*TSYSCLK
ns
TMIS
MISO Valid to SCK Shift Edge
1*TSYSCLK + 20
ns
TMIH
SCK Shift Edge to MISO Change
0
ns
SLAVE MODE TIMING† (See Figure 18.14 and Figure 18.15)
TSE
NSS Falling to First SCK Edge
2*TSYSCLK
ns
TSD
Last SCK Edge to NSS Rising
2*TSYSCLK
ns
TSEZ
NSS Falling to MISO Valid
4*TSYSCLK
ns
TSDZ
NSS Rising to MISO High-Z
4*TSYSCLK
ns
TCKH
SCK High Time
5*TSYSCLK
ns
TCKL
SCK Low Time
5*TSYSCLK
ns
TSIS
MOSI Valid to SCK Sample Edge
2*TSYSCLK
ns
TSIH
SCK Sample Edge to MOSI Change
2*TSYSCLK
ns
TSOH
SCK Shift Edge to MISO Change
TSLH
Last SCK Edge to MISO Change (CKPHA = 1 ONLY)
†T
SYSCLK
216
is equal to one period of the device system clock (SYSCLK).
Rev. 1.1
6*TSYSCLK
4*TSYSCLK
ns
8*TSYSCLK
ns
C8051F320/1
19.
TIMERS
Each MCU includes four counter/timers: two are 16-bit counter/timers compatible with those found in the standard
8051, and two are 16-bit auto-reload timer for use with the ADC, SMBus, USB (frame measurements), or for general
purpose use. These timers can be used to measure time intervals, count external events and generate periodic interrupt
requests. Timer 0 and Timer 1 are nearly identical and have four primary modes of operation. Timer 2 and Timer 3
offer 16-bit and split 8-bit timer functionality with auto-reload.
Timer 0 and Timer 1 Modes:
Timer 2 Modes:
13-bit counter/timer
16-bit timer with auto-reload
16-bit counter/timer
8-bit counter/timer with auto-reload
Two 8-bit timers with auto-reload
Two 8-bit counter/timers (Timer 0
only)
Timer 3 Modes:
16-bit timer with auto-reload
Two 8-bit timers with auto-reload
Timers 0 and 1 may be clocked by one of five sources, determined by the Timer Mode Select bits (T1M-T0M) and
the Clock Scale bits (SCA1-SCA0). The Clock Scale bits define a pre-scaled clock from which Timer 0 and/or
Timer 1 may be clocked (See Figure 19.6 for pre-scaled clock selection).
Timer 0/1 may then be configured to use this pre-scaled clock signal or the system clock. Timer 2 and Timer 3 may be
clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8.
Timer 0 and Timer 1 may also be operated as counters. When functioning as a counter, a counter/timer register is
incremented on each high-to-low transition at the selected input pin (T0 or T1). Events with a frequency of up to onefourth the system clock's frequency can be counted. The input signal need not be periodic, but it should be held at a
given level for at least two full system clock cycles to ensure the level is properly sampled.
19.1.
Timer 0 and Timer 1
Each timer is implemented as a 16-bit register accessed as two separate bytes: a low byte (TL0 or TL1) and a high
byte (TH0 or TH1). The Counter/Timer Control register (TCON) is used to enable Timer 0 and Timer 1 as well as
indicate status. Timer 0 interrupts can be enabled by setting the ET0 bit in the IE register (Section “8.3.5. Interrupt
Register Descriptions” on page 61); Timer 1 interrupts can be enabled by setting the ET1 bit in the IE register (Section 8.3.5). Both counter/timers operate in one of four primary modes selected by setting the Mode Select bits T1M1T0M0 in the Counter/Timer Mode register (TMOD). Each timer can be configured independently. Each operating
mode is described below.
19.1.1. Mode 0: 13-bit Counter/Timer
Timer 0 and Timer 1 operate as 13-bit counter/timers in Mode 0. The following describes the configuration and operation of Timer 0. However, both timers operate identically, and Timer 1 is configured in the same manner as
described for Timer 0.
The TH0 register holds the eight MSBs of the 13-bit counter/timer. TL0 holds the five LSBs in bit positions TL0.4TL0.0. The three upper bits of TL0 (TL0.7-TL0.5) are indeterminate and should be masked out or ignored when reading. As the 13-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0x1FFF (all ones) to 0x0000, the timer overflow flag
TF0 (TCON.5) is set and an interrupt will occur if Timer 0 interrupts are enabled.
The C/T0 bit (TMOD.2) selects the counter/timer's clock source. When C/T0 is set to logic 1, high-to-low transitions
at the selected Timer 0 input pin (T0) increment the timer register (Refer to Section “14.1. Priority Crossbar
Decoder” on page 129 for information on selecting and configuring external I/O pins). Clearing C/T selects the
clock defined by the T0M bit (CKCON.3). When T0M is set, Timer 0 is clocked by the system clock. When T0M is
cleared, Timer 0 is clocked by the source selected by the Clock Scale bits in CKCON (see Figure 19.6).
Rev. 1.1
217
C8051F320/1
Setting the TR0 bit (TCON.4) enables the timer when either GATE0 (TMOD.3) is logic 0 or the input signal /INT0 is
active as defined by bit IN0PL in register INT01CF (see Figure 8.13). Setting GATE0 to ‘1’ allows the timer to be
controlled by the external input signal /INT0 (see Section “8.3.5. Interrupt Register Descriptions” on page 61),
facilitating pulse width measurements.
TR0
GATE0
0
X
1
0
1
1
1
1
X = Don't Care
/INT0
X
X
0
1
Counter/Timer
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
Setting TR0 does not force the timer to reset. The timer registers should be loaded with the desired initial value before
the timer is enabled.
TL1 and TH1 form the 13-bit register for Timer 1 in the same manner as described above for TL0 and TH0. Timer 1
is configured and controlled using the relevant TCON and TMOD bits just as with Timer 0. The input signal /INT1 is
used with Timer 1; the /INT1 polarity is defined by bit IN1PL in register INT01CF (see Figure 8.13).
Figure 19.1. T0 Mode 0 Block Diagram
CKCON
TMOD
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
Pre-scaled Clock
G
A
T
E
1
C
/
T
1
T TG
1 1 A
MM T
1 0 E
0
C
/
T
0
INT01CF
T T
0 0
MM
1 0
I
N
1
P
L
I
N
1
S
L
2
I
N
1
S
L
1
I
N
1
S
L
0
I
N
0
P
L
I
N
0
S
L
2
I
N
0
S
L
1
I
N
0
S
L
0
0
0
SYSCLK
1
1
TCLK
TR0
Crossbar
/INT0
GATE0
IN0PL
TL0
(5 bits)
TH0
(8 bits)
TCON
T0
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Interrupt
XOR
19.1.2. Mode 1: 16-bit Counter/Timer
Mode 1 operation is the same as Mode 0, except that the counter/timer registers use all 16 bits. The counter/timers are
enabled and configured in Mode 1 in the same manner as for Mode 0.
218
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
19.1.3. Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload
Mode 2 configures Timer 0 and Timer 1 to operate as 8-bit counter/timers with automatic reload of the start value.
TL0 holds the count and TH0 holds the reload value. When the counter in TL0 overflows from all ones to 0x00, the
timer overflow flag TF0 (TCON.5) is set and the counter in TL0 is reloaded from TH0. If Timer 0 interrupts are
enabled, an interrupt will occur when the TF0 flag is set. The reload value in TH0 is not changed. TL0 must be initialized to the desired value before enabling the timer for the first count to be correct. When in Mode 2, Timer 1 operates
identically to Timer 0.
Both counter/timers are enabled and configured in Mode 2 in the same manner as Mode 0. Setting the TR0 bit
(TCON.4) enables the timer when either GATE0 (TMOD.3) is logic 0 or when the input signal /INT0 is active as
defined by bit IN0PL in register INT01CF (see Section “8.3.2. External Interrupts” on page 59 for details on the
external input signals /INT0 and /INT1).
Figure 19.2. T0 Mode 2 Block Diagram
CKCON
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
Pre-scaled Clock
TMOD
G
A
T
E
1
C
/
T
1
T TG
1 1 A
MM T
1 0 E
0
C
/
T
0
INT01CF
T T
0 0
MM
1 0
I
N
1
P
L
I
N
1
S
L
2
I
N
1
S
L
1
I
N
1
S
L
0
I
N
0
P
L
I
N
0
S
L
2
I
N
0
S
L
1
I
N
0
S
L
0
0
0
SYSCLK
1
1
T0
TL0
(8 bits)
TCON
TCLK
TR0
Crossbar
GATE0
TH0
(8 bits)
/INT0
IN0PL
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Interrupt
Reload
XOR
Rev. 1.1
219
C8051F320/1
19.1.4. Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counter/Timers (Timer 0 Only)
In Mode 3, Timer 0 is configured as two separate 8-bit counter/timers held in TL0 and TH0. The counter/timer in TL0
is controlled using the Timer 0 control/status bits in TCON and TMOD: TR0, C/T0, GATE0 and TF0. TL0 can use
either the system clock or an external input signal as its timebase. The TH0 register is restricted to a timer function
sourced by the system clock or prescaled clock. TH0 is enabled using the Timer 1 run control bit TR1. TH0 sets the
Timer 1 overflow flag TF1 on overflow and thus controls the Timer 1 interrupt.
Timer 1 is inactive in Mode 3. When Timer 0 is operating in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be operated in Modes 0, 1 or 2, but
cannot be clocked by external signals nor set the TF1 flag and generate an interrupt. However, the Timer 1 overflow
can be used to generate baud rates for the SMBus and/or UART, and/or initiate ADC conversions. While Timer 0 is
operating in Mode 3, Timer 1 run control is handled through its mode settings. To run Timer 1 while Timer 0 is in
Mode 3, set the Timer 1 Mode as 0, 1, or 2. To disable Timer 1, configure it for Mode 3.
Figure 19.3. T0 Mode 3 Block Diagram
CKCON
TMOD
T T T T T TSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
Pre-scaled Clock
G
A
T
E
1
C
/
T
1
T T
1 1
MM
1 0
G
A
T
E
0
C
/
T
0
T T
0 0
MM
1 0
0
TR1
1
0
TCON
SYSCLK
TH0
(8 bits)
1
T0
TL0
(8 bits)
TR0
Crossbar
/INT0
220
GATE0
IN0PL
XOR
Rev. 1.1
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Interrupt
Interrupt
C8051F320/1
Figure 19.4. TCON: Timer Control Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
Reset Value
0x88
TF1: Timer 1 Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when Timer 1 overflows. This flag can be cleared by software but is automatically
cleared when the CPU vectors to the Timer 1 interrupt service routine.
0: No Timer 1 overflow detected.
1: Timer 1 has overflowed.
TR1: Timer 1 Run Control.
0: Timer 1 disabled.
1: Timer 1 enabled.
TF0: Timer 0 Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when Timer 0 overflows. This flag can be cleared by software but is automatically
cleared when the CPU vectors to the Timer 0 interrupt service routine.
0: No Timer 0 overflow detected.
1: Timer 0 has overflowed.
TR0: Timer 0 Run Control.
0: Timer 0 disabled.
1: Timer 0 enabled.
IE1: External Interrupt 1.
This flag is set by hardware when an edge/level of type defined by IT1 is detected. It can be cleared
by software but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the External Interrupt 1 service
routine if IT1 = 1. When IT1 = 0, this flag is set to ‘1’ when /INT1 is active as defined by bit IN1PL
in register INT01CF (see Figure 8.13).
IT1: Interrupt 1 Type Select.
This bit selects whether the configured /INT1 interrupt will be edge or level sensitive. /INT1 is configured active low or high by the IN1PL bit in the IT01CF register (see Figure 8.13).
0: /INT1 is level triggered.
1: /INT1 is edge triggered.
IE0: External Interrupt 0.
This flag is set by hardware when an edge/level of type defined by IT0 is detected. It can be cleared
by software but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the External Interrupt 0 service
routine if IT0 = 1. When IT0 = 0, this flag is set to ‘1’ when /INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL
in register INT01CF (see Figure 8.13).
IT0: Interrupt 0 Type Select.
This bit selects whether the configured /INT0 interrupt will be edge or level sensitive. /INT0 is configured active low or high by the IN0PL bit in register IT01CF (see Figure 8.13).
0: /INT0 is level triggered.
1: /INT0 is edge triggered.
Rev. 1.1
221
C8051F320/1
Figure 19.5. TMOD: Timer Mode Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
GATE1
C/T1
T1M1
T1M0
GATE0
C/T0
T0M1
T0M0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x89
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bits5-4:
GATE1: Timer 1 Gate Control.
0: Timer 1 enabled when TR1 = 1 irrespective of /INT1 logic level.
1: Timer 1 enabled only when TR1 = 1 AND /INT1 is active as defined by bit IN1PL in register
INT01CF (see Figure 8.13).
C/T1: Counter/Timer 1 Select.
0: Timer Function: Timer 1 incremented by clock defined by T1M bit (CKCON.4).
1: Counter Function: Timer 1 incremented by high-to-low transitions on external input pin (T1).
T1M1-T1M0: Timer 1 Mode Select.
These bits select the Timer 1 operation mode.
T1M1
0
0
1
1
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bits1-0:
Mode
Mode 0: 13-bit counter/timer
Mode 1: 16-bit counter/timer
Mode 2: 8-bit counter/timer with auto-reload
Mode 3: Timer 1 inactive
GATE0: Timer 0 Gate Control.
0: Timer 0 enabled when TR0 = 1 irrespective of /INT0 logic level.
1: Timer 0 enabled only when TR0 = 1 AND /INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in register
INT01CF (see Figure 8.13).
C/T0: Counter/Timer Select.
0: Timer Function: Timer 0 incremented by clock defined by T0M bit (CKCON.3).
1: Counter Function: Timer 0 incremented by high-to-low transitions on external input pin (T0).
T0M1-T0M0: Timer 0 Mode Select.
These bits select the Timer 0 operation mode.
T0M1
0
0
1
1
222
T1M0
0
1
0
1
T0M0
0
1
0
1
Mode
Mode 0: 13-bit counter/timer
Mode 1: 16-bit counter/timer
Mode 2: 8-bit counter/timer with auto-reload
Mode 3: Two 8-bit counter/timers
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 19.6. CKCON: Clock Control Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
T3MH
T3ML
T2MH
T2ML
T1M
T0M
SCA1
SCA0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x8E
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bits1-0:
T3MH: Timer 3 High Byte Clock Select.
This bit selects the clock supplied to the Timer 3 high byte if Timer 3 is configured in split 8-bit timer
mode. T3MH is ignored if Timer 3 is in any other mode.
0: Timer 3 high byte uses the clock defined by the T3XCLK bit in TMR3CN.
1: Timer 3 high byte uses the system clock.
T3ML: Timer 3 Low Byte Clock Select.
This bit selects the clock supplied to Timer 3. If Timer 3 is configured in split 8-bit timer mode, this
bit selects the clock supplied to the lower 8-bit timer.
0: Timer 3 low byte uses the clock defined by the T3XCLK bit in TMR3CN.
1: Timer 3 low byte uses the system clock.
T2MH: Timer 2 High Byte Clock Select.
This bit selects the clock supplied to the Timer 2 high byte if Timer 2 is configured in split 8-bit timer
mode. T2MH is ignored if Timer 2 is in any other mode.
0: Timer 2 high byte uses the clock defined by the T2XCLK bit in TMR2CN.
1: Timer 2 high byte uses the system clock.
T2ML: Timer 2 Low Byte Clock Select.
This bit selects the clock supplied to Timer 2. If Timer 2 is configured in split 8-bit timer mode, this
bit selects the clock supplied to the lower 8-bit timer.
0: Timer 2 low byte uses the clock defined by the T2XCLK bit in TMR2CN.
1: Timer 2 low byte uses the system clock.
T1M: Timer 1 Clock Select.
This select the clock source supplied to Timer 1. T1M is ignored when C/T1 is set to logic 1.
0: Timer 1 uses the clock defined by the prescale bits, SCA1-SCA0.
1: Timer 1 uses the system clock.
T0M: Timer 0 Clock Select.
This bit selects the clock source supplied to Timer 0. T0M is ignored when C/T0 is set to logic 1.
0: Counter/Timer 0 uses the clock defined by the prescale bits, SCA1-SCA0.
1: Counter/Timer 0 uses the system clock.
SCA1-SCA0: Timer 0/1 Prescale Bits.
These bits control the division of the clock supplied to Timer 0 and/or Timer 1 if configured to use
prescaled clock inputs.
SCA1
SCA0 Prescaled Clock
0
0
System clock divided by 12
0
1
System clock divided by 4
1
0
System clock divided by 48
1
1
External clock divided by 8
Note: External clock divided by 8 is synchronized with the
system clock.
Rev. 1.1
223
C8051F320/1
Figure 19.7. TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x8A
Bits 7-0:
TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte.
The TL0 register is the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 0.
Figure 19.8. TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
00000000
0x8B
Bits 7-0:
TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte.
The TL1 register is the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 1.
Figure 19.9. TH0: Timer 0 High Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x8C
Bits 7-0:
TH0: Timer 0 High Byte.
The TH0 register is the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 0.
Figure 19.10. TH1: Timer 1 High Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
00000000
0x8D
Bits 7-0:
224
TH1: Timer 1 High Byte.
The TH1 register is the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 1.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
19.2.
Timer 2
Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer formed by two 8-bit SFRs: TMR2L (low byte) and TMR2H (high byte). Timer 2 may operate in 16-bit auto-reload mode, (split) 8-bit auto-reload mode, or USB Start-of-Frame (SOF) capture mode. The
Timer 2 operation mode is defined by the T2SPLIT (TMR2CN.3) and T2SOF (TMR2CN.4) bits.
Timer 2 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external oscillator source divided
by 8. The external clock mode is ideal for real-time clock (RTC) functionality, where the internal oscillator drives the
system clock while Timer 2 (and/or the PCA) is clocked by an external precision oscillator. Note that the external
oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
19.2.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload
When T2SPLIT = ‘0’ and T2SOF = ‘0’, Timer 2 operates as a 16-bit timer with auto-reload. Timer 2 can be clocked
by SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. As the 16-bit timer register
increments and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the 16-bit value in the Timer 2 reload registers (TMR2RLH and
TMR2RLL) is loaded into the Timer 2 register as shown in Figure 19.11, and the Timer 2 High Byte Overflow Flag
(TMR2CN.7) is set. If Timer 2 interrupts are enabled (if IE.5 is set), an interrupt will be generated on each Timer 2
overflow. Additionally, if Timer 2 interrupts are enabled and the TF2LEN bit is set (TMR2CN.5), an interrupt will be
generated each time the lower 8 bits (TMR2L) overflow from 0xFF to 0x00.
Figure 19.11. Timer 2 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram
CKCON
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0CC
T2XCLK M M M M M M A A
HLHL
1 0
0
External Clock / 8
1
TL2
Overflow
0
SYSCLK
TR2
TCLK
TMR2L
To ADC,
SMBus
To SMBus
TMR2H
TMR2CN
SYSCLK / 12
1
TF2H
TF2L
TF2LEN
T2SOF
T2SPLIT
TR2
Interrupt
T2XCLK
TMR2RLL TMR2RLH
Reload
Rev. 1.1
225
C8051F320/1
19.2.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload
When T2SPLIT = ‘1’ and T2SOF = ‘0’, Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit timers (TMR2H and TMR2L). Both 8-bit timers operate in auto-reload mode as shown in Figure 19.12. TMR2RLL holds the reload value for TMR2L;
TMR2RLH holds the reload value for TMR2H. The TR2 bit in TMR2CN handles the run control for TMR2H.
TMR2L is always running when configured for 8-bit Mode.
Each 8-bit timer may be configured to use SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source
divided by 8. The Timer 2 Clock Select bits (T2MH and T2ML in CKCON) select either SYSCLK or the clock
defined by the Timer 2 External Clock Select bit (T2XCLK in TMR2CN), as follows:
T2MH
0
0
1
T2XCLK
0
1
X
TMR2H Clock Source
SYSCLK / 12
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
T2ML
0
0
1
T2XCLK
0
1
X
TMR2L Clock Source
SYSCLK / 12
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
The TF2H bit is set when TMR2H overflows from 0xFF to 0x00; the TF2L bit is set when TMR2L overflows from
0xFF to 0x00. When Timer 2 interrupts are enabled (IE.5), an interrupt is generated each time TMR2H overflows. If
Timer 2 interrupts are enabled and TF2LEN (TMR2CN.5) is set, an interrupt is generated each time either TMR2L or
TMR2H overflows. When TF2LEN is enabled, software must check the TF2H and TF2L flags to determine the
source of the Timer 2 interrupt. The TF2H and TF2L interrupt flags are not cleared by hardware and must be manually cleared by software.
Figure 19.12. Timer 2 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram
CKCON
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMMA A
HLHL
1 0
T2XCLK
SYSCLK / 12
0
External Clock / 8
1
TMR2RLH
Reload
To SMBus
0
TCLK
TR2
TMR2H
TMR2RLL
SYSCLK
Reload
TMR2CN
1
TF2H
TF2L
TF2LEN
T2SOF
T2SPLIT
TR2
T2XCLK
1
TCLK
0
226
Rev. 1.1
TMR2L
To ADC,
SMBus
Interrupt
C8051F320/1
19.2.3. USB Start-of-Frame Capture
When T2SOF = ‘1’, Timer 2 operates in USB Start-of-Frame (SOF) capture mode. When T2SPLIT = ‘0’, Timer 2
counts up and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 2 registers (TMR2H:TMR2L) are latched into the Timer 2 Reload registers (TMR2RLH:TMR2RLL). A Timer 2 interrupt
is generated if enabled. This mode can be used to calibrate the system clock or external oscillator against the known
USB host SOF clock.
Figure 19.13. Timer 2 SOF Capture Mode (T2SPLIT = ‘0’)
TMR2CN
T
F
2
H
T
F
2
L
TTTT
F 2 2R
2SS2
LOP
EF L
N
I
T
SYSCLK / 12
T
2
X
C
L
K
CKCON
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
0
TL2
Overflow
0
External Clock / 8
TR2
TCLK
TMR2L
1
To SMBus
To ADC,
SMBus
TMR2H
1
SYSCLK
USB
Start-of-Frame
(SOF)
Capture
TMR2RLL TMR2RLH
Interrupt
Enable
When T2SPLIT = ‘1’, the Timer 2 registers (TMR2H and TMR2L) act as two 8-bit counters. Each counter counts up
independently and overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 2 registers are latched into the Timer 2 Reload registers (TMR2RLH and TMR2RLL). A Timer 2 interrupt is generated if
enabled.
Figure 19.14. Timer 2 SOF Capture Mode (T2SPLIT = ‘1’)
TMR2CN
T
F
2
H
T
F
2
L
TTTT
F 2 2R
2SS2
LOP
EF L
N I
T
T
2
X
C
L
K
SYSCLK / 12
0
External Clock / 8
1
CKCON
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
TMR2RLH
Capture
Enable
Interrupt
0
TCLK
TMR2H
TR2
To SMBus
1
TMR2RLL
Capture
SYSCLK
USB
Start-of-Frame
(SOF)
1
TCLK
TMR2L
To ADC,
SMBus
0
Rev. 1.1
227
C8051F320/1
Figure 19.15. TMR2CN: Timer 2 Control Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
TF2H
TF2L
TF2LEN
T2SOF
T2SPLIT
TR2
-
T2XCLK
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
228
0xC8
TF2H: Timer 2 High Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 2 high byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. In 16 bit mode, this will
occur when Timer 2 overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the Timer 2 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the Timer 2 interrupt service routine. TF2H is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
TF2L: Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 2 low byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. When this bit is set, an
interrupt will be generated if TF2LEN is set and Timer 2 interrupts are enabled. TF2L will set when
the low byte overflows regardless of the Timer 2 mode. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware.
TF2LEN: Timer 2 Low Byte Interrupt Enable.
This bit enables/disables Timer 2 Low Byte interrupts. If TF2LEN is set and Timer 2 interrupts are
enabled, an interrupt will be generated when the low byte of Timer 2 overflows.
0: Timer 2 Low Byte interrupts disabled.
1: Timer 2 Low Byte interrupts enabled.
T2SOF: Timer 2 Start-Of-Frame Capture Enable
0: SOF Capture disabled.
1: SOF Capture enabled. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 2 registers
(TMR2H and TMR2L) are latched into the Timer 2 reload registers (TMR2RLH and TMR2RLH),
and a Timer 2 interrupt is generated (if enabled).
T2SPLIT: Timer 2 Split Mode Enable.
When this bit is set, Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit timers with auto-reload.
0: Timer 2 operates in 16-bit auto-reload mode.
1: Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit auto-reload timers.
TR2: Timer 2 Run Control.
This bit enables/disables Timer 2. In 8-bit mode, this bit enables/disables TMR2H only; TMR2L is
always enabled in this mode.
0: Timer 2 disabled.
1: Timer 2 enabled.
UNUSED. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care.
T2XCLK: Timer 2 External Clock Select.
This bit selects the external clock source for Timer 2. If Timer 2 is in 8-bit mode, this bit selects the
external oscillator clock source for both timer bytes. However, the Timer 2 Clock Select bits (T2MH
and T2ML in register CKCON) may still be used to select between the external clock and the system
clock for either timer.
0: Timer 2 external clock selection is the system clock divided by 12.
1: Timer 2 external clock selection is the external clock divided by 8. Note that the external oscillator
source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 19.16. TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
00000000
0xCA
Bits 7-0:
TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte.
TMR2RLL holds the low byte of the reload value for Timer 2 when operating in auto-reload mode, or
the captured value of the TMR2L register in capture mode.
Figure 19.17. TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xCB
Bits 7-0:
TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte.
The TMR2RLH holds the high byte of the reload value for Timer 2 when operating in auto-reload
mode, or the captured value of the TMR2H register in capture mode.
Figure 19.18. TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xCC
Bits 7-0:
TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR2L register contains the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 2. In 8-bit mode,
TMR2L contains the 8-bit low byte timer value.
Figure 19.19. TMR2H Timer 2 High Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xCD
Bits 7-0:
TMR2H: Timer 2 High Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR2H register contains the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 2. In 8-bit mode,
TMR2H contains the 8-bit high byte timer value.
Rev. 1.1
229
C8051F320/1
19.3.
Timer 3
Timer 3 is a 16-bit timer formed by two 8-bit SFRs: TMR3L (low byte) and TMR3H (high byte). Timer 3 may operate in 16-bit auto-reload mode, (split) 8-bit auto-reload mode, or USB Start-of-Frame (SOF) capture mode. The
Timer 3 operation mode is defined by the T3SPLIT (TMR3CN.3) and T3SOF (TMR2CN.4) bits.
Timer 3 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external oscillator source divided
by 8. The external clock mode is ideal for real-time clock (RTC) functionality, where the internal oscillator drives the
system clock while Timer 3 (and/or the PCA) is clocked by an external precision oscillator. Note that the external
oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
19.3.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload
When T3SPLIT (TMR3CN.3) is zero, Timer 3 operates as a 16-bit timer with auto-reload. Timer 3 can be clocked by
SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. As the 16-bit timer register
increments and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the 16-bit value in the Timer 3 reload registers (TMR3RLH and
TM3RLL) is loaded into the Timer 3 register as shown in Figure 19.11, and the Timer 3 High Byte Overflow Flag
(TMR3CN.7) is set. If Timer 3 interrupts are enabled (if IE.5 is set), an interrupt will be generated on each Timer 3
overflow. Additionally, if Timer 3 interrupts are enabled and the TF3LEN bit is set (TMR3CN.5), an interrupt will be
generated each time the lower 8 bits (TMR3L) overflow from 0xFF to 0x00.
Figure 19.20. Timer 3 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram
CKCON
T3XCLK
To ADC
0
0
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
TR3
1
TCLK
TMR3L
TMR3H
TMR3CN
SYSCLK / 12
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
1
T3XCLK
TMR3RLL TMR3RLH
Reload
230
Rev. 1.1
TF3H
TF3L
TF3LEN
T3SOF
T3SPLIT
TR3
Interrupt
C8051F320/1
19.3.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload
When T3SPLIT is set, Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit timers (TMR3H and TMR3L). Both 8-bit timers operate in autoreload mode as shown in Figure 19.12. TMR3RLL holds the reload value for TMR3L; TMR3RLH holds the reload
value for TMR3H. The TR3 bit in TMR3CN handles the run control for TMR3H. TMR3L is always running when
configured for 8-bit Mode.
Each 8-bit timer may be configured to use SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source
divided by 8. The Timer 3 Clock Select bits (T3MH and T3ML in CKCON) select either SYSCLK or the clock
defined by the Timer 3 External Clock Select bit (T3XCLK in TMR3CN), as follows:
T3MH
0
0
1
T3XCLK
0
1
X
TMR3H Clock Source
SYSCLK / 12
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
T3ML
0
0
1
T3XCLK
0
1
X
TMR3L Clock Source
SYSCLK / 12
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
The TF3H bit is set when TMR3H overflows from 0xFF to 0x00; the TF3L bit is set when TMR3L overflows from
0xFF to 0x00. When Timer 3 interrupts are enabled (IE.5), an interrupt is generated each time TMR3H overflows. If
Timer 3 interrupts are enabled and TF3LEN (TMR3CN.5) is set, an interrupt is generated each time either TMR3L or
TMR3H overflows. When TF3LEN is enabled, software must check the TF3H and TF3L flags to determine the
source of the Timer 3 interrupt. The TF3H and TF3L interrupt flags are not cleared by hardware and must be manually cleared by software.
Figure 19.21. Timer 3 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram
CKCON
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
T3XCLK
SYSCLK / 12
TMR3RLH
Reload
0
To ADC
0
1
TCLK
TR3
TMR3H
1
TMR3RLL
SYSCLK
Reload
TMR3CN
External Clock / 8
TF3H
TF3L
TF3LEN
T3SOF
T3SPLIT
TR3
Interrupt
T3XCLK
1
TCLK
TMR3L
0
Rev. 1.1
231
C8051F320/1
19.3.3. USB Start-of-Frame Capture
When T3SOF = ‘1’, Timer 3 operates in USB Start-of-Frame (SOF) capture mode. When T3SPLIT = ‘0’, Timer 3
counts up and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 3 registers (TMR3H:TMR3L) are latched into the Timer 3 Reload registers (TMR3RLH:TMR3RLL). A Timer 3 interrupt
is generated if enabled. This mode can be used to calibrate the system clock or external oscillator against the known
USB host SOF clock.
Figure
‘0’)19.22.
(T3SPLIT
Capture
Mode
= Timer
SOF 3
TMR3CN
T
F
3
H
T
F
3
L
TTTT
F 3 3R
3 SS3
LOP
EF L
N I
T
SYSCLK / 12
T
3
X
C
L
K
CKCON
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
0
0
External Clock / 8
TCLK
TR3
1
SYSCLK
TMR3L
TMR3H
To ADC
1
USB
Start-of-Frame
(SOF)
Capture
Enable
TMR3RLL TMR3RLH
Interrupt
When T3SPLIT = ‘1’, the Timer 3 registers (TMR3H and TMR3L) act as two 8-bit counters. Each counter counts up
independently and overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 3 registers are latched into the Timer 3 Reload registers (TMR3RLH and TMR3RLL). A Timer 3 interrupt is generated if
enabled.
Figure 19.23. Timer 3 SOF Capture Mode (T3SPLIT = ‘1’)
TMR3CN
T
F
3
H
T
F
3
L
TTTT
F 3 3R
3SS3
LOP
EF L
N
I
T
SYSCLK / 12
T
3
X
C
L
K
CKCON
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMMA A
HLHL
1 0
TMR3RLH
Capture
Enable
0
0
External Clock / 8
1
TCLK
TR3
TMR3H
To ADC
1
TMR3RLL
Capture
SYSCLK
USB
Start-of-Frame
(SOF)
1
TCLK
0
232
Rev. 1.1
TMR3L
Interrupt
C8051F320/1
Figure 19.24. TMR3CN: Timer 3 Control Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
TF3H
TF3L
TF3LEN
T3SOF
T3SPLIT
TR3
-
T3XCLK
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x91
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
TF3H: Timer 3 High Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 3 high byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. In 16 bit mode, this will
occur when Timer 3 overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the Timer 3 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the Timer 3 interrupt service routine. TF3H is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
TF3L: Timer 3 Low Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 3 low byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. When this bit is set, an
interrupt will be generated if TF3LEN is set and Timer 3 interrupts are enabled. TF3L will set when
the low byte overflows regardless of the Timer 3 mode. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware.
TF3LEN: Timer 3 Low Byte Interrupt Enable.
This bit enables/disables Timer 3 Low Byte interrupts. If TF3LEN is set and Timer 3 interrupts are
enabled, an interrupt will be generated when the low byte of Timer 3 overflows. This bit should be
cleared when operating Timer 3 in 16-bit mode.
0: Timer 3 Low Byte interrupts disabled.
1: Timer 3 Low Byte interrupts enabled.
T3SOF: Timer 3 Start-Of-Frame Capture Enable
0: SOF Capture disabled.
1: SOF Capture enabled. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 3 registers
(TMR3H and TMR3L) are latched into the Timer3 reload registers (TMR3RLH and TMR3RLH),
and a Timer 3 interrupt is generated (if enabled).
T3SPLIT: Timer 3 Split Mode Enable.
When this bit is set, Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit timers with auto-reload.
0: Timer 3 operates in 16-bit auto-reload mode.
1: Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit auto-reload timers.
TR3: Timer 3 Run Control.
This bit enables/disables Timer 3. In 8-bit mode, this bit enables/disables TMR3H only; TMR3L is
always enabled in this mode.
0: Timer 3 disabled.
1: Timer 3 enabled.
UNUSED. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care.
T3XCLK: Timer 3 External Clock Select.
This bit selects the external clock source for Timer 3. If Timer 3 is in 8-bit mode, this bit selects the
external oscillator clock source for both timer bytes. However, the Timer 3 Clock Select bits (T3MH
and T3ML in register CKCON) may still be used to select between the external clock and the system
clock for either timer.
0: Timer 3 external clock selection is the system clock divided by 12.
1: Timer 3 external clock selection is the external clock divided by 8. Note that the external oscillator
source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
Rev. 1.1
233
C8051F320/1
Figure 19.25. TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
00000000
0x92
Bits 7-0:
TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte.
TMR3RLL holds the low byte of the reload value for Timer 3 when operating in auto-reload mode, or
the captured value of the TMR3L register when operating in capture mode.
Figure 19.26. TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x93
Bits 7-0:
TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte.
The TMR3RLH holds the high byte of the reload value for Timer 3 when operating in auto-reload
mode, or the captured value of the TMR3H register when operating in capture mode.
Figure 19.27. TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x94
Bits 7-0:
TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR3L register contains the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 3. In 8-bit mode,
TMR3L contains the 8-bit low byte timer value.
Figure 19.28. TMR3H Timer 3 High Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0x95
Bits 7-0:
234
TMR3H: Timer 3 High Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR3H register contains the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 3. In 8-bit mode,
TMR3H contains the 8-bit high byte timer value.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
20.
PROGRAMMABLE COUNTER ARRAY (PCA0)
The Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) provides enhanced timer functionality while requiring less CPU intervention than the standard 8051 counter/timers. The PCA consists of a dedicated 16-bit counter/timer and five 16-bit capture/compare modules. Each capture/compare module has its own associated I/O line (CEXn) which is routed
through the Crossbar to Port I/O when enabled (See Section “14.1. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 129 for
details on configuring the Crossbar). The counter/timer is driven by a programmable timebase that can select between
six sources: system clock, system clock divided by four, system clock divided by twelve, the external oscillator clock
source divided by 8, Timer 0 overflow, or an external clock signal on the ECI input pin. Each capture/compare module may be configured to operate independently in one of six modes: Edge-Triggered Capture, Software Timer, HighSpeed Output, Frequency Output, 8-Bit PWM, or 16-Bit PWM (each mode is described in Section “20.2. Capture/
Compare Modules” on page 237). The external oscillator clock option is ideal for real-time clock (RTC) functionality, allowing the PCA to be clocked by a precision external oscillator while the internal oscillator drives the system
clock. The PCA is configured and controlled through the system controller's Special Function Registers. The PCA
block diagram is shown in Figure 20.1
Important Note: The PCA Module 4 may be used as a watchdog timer (WDT), and is enabled in this mode following a system reset. Access to certain PCA registers is restricted while WDT mode is enabled. See Section 20.3 for
details.
Figure 20.1. PCA Block Diagram
SYSCLK/12
SYSCLK/4
Timer 0 Overflow
ECI
SYSCLK
PCA
CLOCK
MUX
16-Bit Counter/Timer
External Clock/8
Capture/Compare
Module 0
Capture/Compare
Module 1
Capture/Compare
Module 2
Capture/Compare
Module 3
Capture/Compare
Module 4 / WDT
CEX4
CEX3
CEX2
CEX1
CEX0
ECI
Crossbar
Port I/O
Rev. 1.1
235
C8051F320/1
20.1.
PCA Counter/Timer
The 16-bit PCA counter/timer consists of two 8-bit SFRs: PCA0L and PCA0H. PCA0H is the high byte (MSB) of the
16-bit counter/timer and PCA0L is the low byte (LSB). Reading PCA0L automatically latches the value of PCA0H
into a “snapshot” register; the following PCA0H read accesses this “snapshot” register. Reading the PCA0L Register first guarantees an accurate reading of the entire 16-bit PCA0 counter. Reading PCA0H or PCA0L does not
disturb the counter operation. The CPS2-CPS0 bits in the PCA0MD register select the timebase for the counter/timer
as shown in Table 20.1.
When the counter/timer overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the Counter Overflow Flag (CF) in PCA0MD is set to
logic 1 and an interrupt request is generated if CF interrupts are enabled. Setting the ECF bit in PCA0MD to logic 1
enables the CF flag to generate an interrupt request. The CF bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the
CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by software (Note: PCA0 interrupts must be globally enabled before CF interrupts are recognized. PCA0 interrupts are globally enabled by setting the EA bit (IE.7)
and the EPCA0 bit in EIE1 to logic 1). Clearing the CIDL bit in the PCA0MD register allows the PCA to continue
normal operation while the CPU is in Idle mode.
Table 20.1. PCA Timebase Input Options
CPS2
0
0
0
0
1
1
CPS1
0
0
1
1
0
0
CPS0
0
1
0
1
0
1
Timebase
System clock divided by 12
System clock divided by 4
Timer 0 overflow
High-to-low transitions on ECI (max rate = system clock divided by 4)
System clock
External oscillator source divided by 8†
†
External oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
Figure 20.2. PCA Counter/Timer Block Diagram
IDLE
PCA0MD
CWW
I D D
D T L
L E C
K
C
P
S
2
C
P
S
1
CE
PC
SF
0
PCA0CN
CC
FR
C
C
F
4
C
C
F
3
C
C
F
2
C
C
F
1
C
C
F
0
To SFR Bus
PCA0L
read
Snapshot
Register
SYSCLK/12
SYSCLK/4
Timer 0 Overflow
ECI
SYSCLK
External Clock/8
236
000
001
010
0
011
1
PCA0H
PCA0L
Overflow
To PCA Interrupt System
CF
100
101
To PCA Modules
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
20.2.
Capture/Compare Modules
Each module can be configured to operate independently in one of six operation modes: Edge-triggered Capture,
Software Timer, High Speed Output, Frequency Output, 8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator, or 16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator. Each module has Special Function Registers (SFRs) associated with it in the CIP-51 system controller. These
registers are used to exchange data with a module and configure the module's mode of operation.
Table 20.2 summarizes the bit settings in the PCA0CPMn registers used to select the PCA capture/compare module’s
operating modes. Setting the ECCFn bit in a PCA0CPMn register enables the module's CCFn interrupt. Note: PCA0
interrupts must be globally enabled before individual CCFn interrupts are recognized. PCA0 interrupts are globally
enabled by setting the EA bit and the EPCA0 bit to logic 1. See Figure 20.3 for details on the PCA interrupt configuration.
Table 20.2. PCA0CPM Register Settings for PCA Capture/Compare Modules
PWM16 ECOM
CAPP CAPN
MAT
TOG
PWM ECCF
X
X
1
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
0
1
0
0
0
X
X
X
1
1
0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
X
X
X
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
X = Don’t Care
Figure 20.3. PCA Interrupt Block Diagram
(for n = 0 to 4)
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
Operation Mode
Capture triggered by positive edge on
CEXn
Capture triggered by negative edge on
CEXn
Capture triggered by transition on
CEXn
Software Timer
High Speed Output
Frequency Output
8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator
16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator
PCA0CN
CC
FR
CCCCC
CCCCC
FFFFF
4 3 2 1 0
PCA0MD
C WW
I DD
DT L
LEC
K
CCCE
PPPC
SSSF
2 1 0
0
PCA Counter/
Timer Overflow
1
ECCF0
EPCA0
0
PCA Module 0
(CCF0)
1
ECCF1
EA
0
0
1
1
Interrupt
Priority
Decoder
0
PCA Module 1
(CCF1)
1
ECCF2
0
PCA Module 2
(CCF2)
1
ECCF3
0
PCA Module 3
(CCF3)
1
ECCF4
PCA Module 4
(CCF4)
0
1
Rev. 1.1
237
C8051F320/1
20.2.1. Edge-triggered Capture Mode
In this mode, a valid transition on the CEXn pin causes the PCA to capture the value of the PCA counter/timer and
load it into the corresponding module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPLn and PCA0CPHn). The CAPPn
and CAPNn bits in the PCA0CPMn register are used to select the type of transition that triggers the capture: low-tohigh transition (positive edge), high-to-low transition (negative edge), or either transition (positive or negative edge).
When a capture occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) in PCA0CN is set to logic 1 and an interrupt request is
generated if CCF interrupts are enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by software. If both CAPPn and CAPNn bits are set to logic
1, then the state of the Port pin associated with CEXn can be read directly to determine whether a rising-edge or falling-edge caused the capture.
Figure 20.4. PCA Capture Mode Diagram
PCA Interrupt
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
0 0 0 x
0
Port I/O
Crossbar
CEXn
CCCCC
CCCCC
FFFFF
4 3 2 1 0
(to CCFn)
x 0
PCA0CN
CC
FR
1
PCA0CPLn
PCA0CPHn
Capture
0
1
PCA
Timebase
PCA0L
PCA0H
Note: The CEXn input signal must remain high or low for at least 2 system clock cycles to be recognized by the hardware.
238
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
20.2.2. Software Timer (Compare) Mode
In Software Timer mode, the PCA counter/timer value is compared to the module's 16-bit capture/compare register
(PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn). When a match occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) in PCA0CN is set to
logic 1 and an interrupt request is generated if CCF interrupts are enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared
by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by software. Setting the
ECOMn and MATn bits in the PCA0CPMn register enables Software Timer mode.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare
registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to ‘0’; writing to
PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to ‘1’.
Figure 20.5. PCA Software Timer Mode Diagram
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
ENB
Reset
Write to
PCA0CPHn
PCA Interrupt
ENB
1
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
x
0 0
PCA0CN
PCA0CPLn
CC
FR
PCA0CPHn
CCCCC
CCCCC
FFFFF
4 3 2 1 0
0 0 x
Enable
16-bit Comparator
PCA
Timebase
PCA0L
Rev. 1.1
Match
0
1
PCA0H
239
C8051F320/1
20.2.3. High Speed Output Mode
In High Speed Output mode, a module’s associated CEXn pin is toggled each time a match occurs between the PCA
Counter and the module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn) Setting the TOGn, MATn,
and ECOMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register enables the High-Speed Output mode.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare
registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to ‘0’; writing to
PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to ‘1’.
Figure 20.6. PCA High Speed Output Mode Diagram
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
ENB
Reset
Write to
PCA0CPHn
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A A OWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
n
6 n n n
n
ENB
1
x
0 0
0 x
PCA Interrupt
PCA0CN
PCA0CPLn
Enable
CC
FR
PCA0CPHn
Match
16-bit Comparator
240
0
1
Toggle
PCA
Timebase
CCCCC
CCCCC
FFFFF
4 3 2 1 0
TOGn
0 CEXn
1
PCA0L
PCA0H
Rev. 1.1
Crossbar
Port I/O
C8051F320/1
20.2.4. Frequency Output Mode
Frequency Output Mode produces a programmable-frequency square wave on the module’s associated CEXn pin.
The capture/compare module high byte holds the number of PCA clocks to count before the output is toggled. The
frequency of the square wave is then defined by Equation 20.1.
Equation 20.1. Square Wave Frequency Output
F PCA
F CEXn = ---------------------------------------2 × PCA0CPHn
Note: A value of 0x00 in the PCA0CPHn register is equal to 256 for this equation.
Where FPCA is the frequency of the clock selected by the CPS2-0 bits in the PCA mode register, PCA0MD. The
lower byte of the capture/compare module is compared to the PCA counter low byte; on a match, CEXn is toggled
and the offset held in the high byte is added to the matched value in PCA0CPLn. Frequency Output Mode is enabled
by setting the ECOMn, TOGn, and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register.
Figure 20.7. PCA Frequency Output Mode
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
ENB
Reset
PCA0CPMn
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
1
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 nnn
n
n
x
0 0 0
PCA0CPLn
8-bit Adder
Adder
Enable
Toggle
x
Enable
PCA Timebase
8-bit
Comparator
match
PCA0CPHn
TOGn
0 CEXn
1
Crossbar
Port I/O
PCA0L
Rev. 1.1
241
C8051F320/1
20.2.5. 8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode
Each module can be used independently to generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) output on its associated CEXn
pin. The frequency of the output is dependent on the timebase for the PCA counter/timer. The duty cycle of the PWM
output signal is varied using the module's PCA0CPLn capture/compare register. When the value in the low byte of the
PCA counter/timer (PCA0L) is equal to the value in PCA0CPLn, the output on the CEXn pin will be set. When the
count value in PCA0L overflows, the CEXn output will be reset (see Figure 20.8). Also, when the counter/timer low
byte (PCA0L) overflows from 0xFF to 0x00, PCA0CPLn is reloaded automatically with the value stored in the module’s capture/compare high byte (PCA0CPHn) without software intervention. Setting the ECOMn and PWMn bits in
the PCA0CPMn register enables 8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator mode. The duty cycle for 8-Bit PWM Mode is given
by Equation 20.2.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare
registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to ‘0’; writing to
PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to ‘1’.
Equation 20.2. 8-Bit PWM Duty Cycle
256 – PCA0CPHn -)
DutyCycle = (-------------------------------------------------256
242
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Using Equation 20.2, the largest duty cycle is 100% (PCA0CPHn = 0), and the smallest duty cycle is 0.39%
(PCA0CPHn = 0xFF). A 0% duty cycle may be generated by clearing the ECOMn bit to ‘0’.
Figure 20.8. PCA 8-Bit PWM Mode Diagram
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
PCA0CPHn
ENB
Reset
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
1
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
0
0 0 x 0
PCA0CPLn
x
Enable
8-bit
Comparator
match
S
R
PCA Timebase
PCA0L
SET
CLR
Q
CEXn
Crossbar
Port I/O
Q
Overflow
Rev. 1.1
243
C8051F320/1
20.2.6. 16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode
A PCA module may also be operated in 16-Bit PWM mode. In this mode, the 16-bit capture/compare module defines
the number of PCA clocks for the low time of the PWM signal. When the PCA counter matches the module contents,
the output on CEXn is asserted high; when the counter overflows, CEXn is asserted low. To output a varying duty
cycle, new value writes should be synchronized with PCA CCFn match interrupts. 16-Bit PWM Mode is enabled by
setting the ECOMn, PWMn, and PWM16n bits in the PCA0CPMn register. For a varying duty cycle, match interrupts
should be enabled (ECCFn = 1 AND MATn = 1) to help synchronize the capture/compare register writes. The duty
cycle for 16-Bit PWM Mode is given by Equation 20.3.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare
registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to ‘0’; writing to
PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to ‘1’.
Equation 20.3. 16-Bit PWM Duty Cycle
65536 – PCA0CPn )DutyCycle = (---------------------------------------------------65536
Using Equation 20.3, the largest duty cycle is 100% (PCA0CPn = 0), and the smallest duty cycle is 0.0015%
(PCA0CPn = 0xFFFF). A 0% duty cycle may be generated by clearing the ECOMn bit to ‘0’.
Figure 20.9. PCA 16-Bit PWM Mode
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
ENB
Reset
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
1
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A A OWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
1
0 0 x 0
PCA0CPHn
PCA0CPLn
x
Enable
16-bit Comparator
match
S
R
PCA Timebase
244
PCA0H
PCA0L
Rev. 1.1
Overflow
SET
CLR
Q
Q
CEXn
Crossbar
Port I/O
C8051F320/1
Rev. 1.1
245
C8051F320/1
20.3.
Watchdog Timer Mode
A programmable watchdog timer (WDT) function is available through the PCA Module 4. The WDT is used to generate a reset if the time between writes to the WDT update register (PCA0CPH4) exceed a specified limit. The WDT
can be configured and enabled/disabled as needed by software.
With the WDTE and/or WDLCK bits set to ‘1’ in the PCA0MD register, Module 4 operates as a watchdog timer
(WDT). The Module 4 high byte is compared to the PCA counter high byte; the Module 4 low byte holds the offset to
be used when WDT updates are performed. The Watchdog Timer is enabled on reset. Writes to some PCA registers are restricted while the Watchdog Timer is enabled.
20.3.1. Watchdog Timer Operation
While the WDT is enabled:
•
•
•
•
•
•
PCA counter is forced on.
Writes to PCA0L and PCA0H are not allowed.
PCA clock source bits (CPS2-CPS0) are frozen.
PCA Idle control bit (CIDL) is frozen.
Module 4 is forced into Watchdog Timer mode.
Writes to the Module 4 mode register (PCA0CPM4) are disabled.
While the WDT is enabled, writes to the CR bit will not change the PCA counter state; the counter will run until the
WDT is disabled. The PCA counter run control (CR) will read zero if the WDT is enabled but user software has not
enabled the PCA counter. If a match occurs between PCA0CPH4 and PCA0H while the WDT is enabled, a reset will
be generated. To prevent a WDT reset, the WDT may be updated with a write of any value to PCA0CPH4. Upon a
PCA0CPH4 write, PCA0H plus the offset held in PCA0CPL4 is loaded into PCA0CPH4 (See Figure 20.10).
Figure 20.10. PCA Module 4 with Watchdog Timer Enabled
PCA0MD
CWW
I DD
DT L
L E C
K
CCCE
PPPC
SSSF
2 1 0
PCA0CPH4
Enable
PCA0CPL4
Write to
PCA0CPH4
246
8-bit Adder
8-bit
Comparator
PCA0H
Adder
Enable
Rev. 1.1
Match
Reset
PCA0L Overflow
C8051F320/1
Note that the 8-bit offset held in PCA0CPH4 is compared to the upper byte of the 16-bit PCA counter. This offset
value is the number of PCA0L overflows before a reset. Up to 256 PCA clocks may pass before the first PCA0L
overflow occurs, depending on the value of the PCA0L when the update is performed. The total offset is then given
(in PCA clocks) by Equation 20.4, where PCA0L is the value of the PCA0L register at the time of the update.
Equation 20.4. Watchdog Timer Offset in PCA Clocks
Offset = ( 256 × PCA0CPL4 ) + ( 256 – PCA0L )
The WDT reset is generated when PCA0L overflows while there is a match between PCA0CPH4 and PCA0H. Software may force a WDT reset by writing a ‘1’ to the CCF4 flag (PCA0CN.4) while the WDT is enabled.
20.3.2. Watchdog Timer Usage
To configure the WDT, perform the following tasks:
1. Disable the WDT by writing a ‘0’ to the WDTE bit.
2. Select the desired PCA clock source (with the CPS2-CPS0 bits).
3. Load PCA0CPL4 with the desired WDT update offset value.
4. Configure the PCA Idle mode (set CIDL if the WDT should be suspended while the CPU is in Idle
mode).
5. Enable the WDT by setting the WDTE bit to ‘1’.
6. (optional) Lock the WDT (prevent WDT disable until the next system reset) by setting the WDLCK bit
to ‘1’.
The PCA clock source and Idle mode select cannot be changed while the WDT is enabled. The watchdog timer is
enabled by setting the WDTE or WDLCK bits in the PCA0MD register. When WDLCK is set, the WDT cannot be
disabled until the next system reset. If WDLCK is not set, the WDT is disabled by clearing the WDTE bit.
The WDT is enabled following any reset. The PCA0 counter clock defaults to the system clock divided by 12,
PCA0L defaults to 0x00, and PCA0CPL4 defaults to 0x00. Using Equation 20.4, this results in a WDT timeout interval of 256 system clock cycles. Table 20.3 lists some example timeout intervals for typical system clocks.
Table 20.3. Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals†
System Clock (Hz)
12,000,000
12,000,000
12,000,000
18,432,000
18,432,000
18,432,000
11,059,200
11,059,200
11,059,200
4,000,000
4,000,000
4,000,000
32,000
32,000
32,000
PCA0CPL4
255
128
32
255
128
32
255
128
32
255
128
32
255
128
32
Timeout Interval (ms)
65.5
33.0
8.4
42.7
21.5
5.5
71.1
35.8
9.2
196.6
99.1
25.3
24,576.0
12,384.0
3,168.0
†
Assumes SYSCLK / 12 as the PCA clock source, and a PCA0L value of
0x00 at the update time.
††
Internal oscillator reset frequency.
Rev. 1.1
247
C8051F320/1
20.4.
Register Descriptions for PCA
Following are detailed descriptions of the special function registers related to the operation of the PCA.
Figure 20.11. PCA0CN: PCA Control Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
CF
CR
-
CCF4
CCF3
CCF2
CCF1
CCF0
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
(bit addressable)
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
248
0xD8
CF: PCA Counter/Timer Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the PCA Counter/Timer overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the
Counter/Timer Overflow (CF) interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the
PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared
by software.
CR: PCA Counter/Timer Run Control.
This bit enables/disables the PCA Counter/Timer.
0: PCA Counter/Timer disabled.
1: PCA Counter/Timer enabled.
UNUSED. Read = 0b, Write = don't care.
CCF4: PCA Module 4 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF4 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
CCF3: PCA Module 3 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF3 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
CCF2: PCA Module 2 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF2 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
CCF1: PCA Module 1 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF1 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
CCF0: PCA Module 0 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 20.12. PCA0MD: PCA Mode Register
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
CIDL
WDTE
Bit7
Bit6
Reset Value
WDLCK
-
CPS2
CPS1
CPS0
ECF
01000000
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xD9
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bits3-1:
CIDL: PCA Counter/Timer Idle Control.
Specifies PCA behavior when CPU is in Idle Mode.
0: PCA continues to function normally while the system controller is in Idle Mode.
1: PCA operation is suspended while the system controller is in Idle Mode.
WDTE: Watchdog Timer Enable
If this bit is set, PCA Module 4 is used as the watchdog timer.
0: Watchdog Timer disabled.
1: PCA Module 4 enabled as Watchdog Timer.
WDLCK: Watchdog Timer Lock
This bit enables and locks the Watchdog Timer. When WDLCK is set to ‘1’, the Watchdog Timer may
not be disabled until the next system reset.
0: Watchdog Timer unlocked.
1: Watchdog Timer enabled and locked.
UNUSED. Read = 0b, Write = don't care.
CPS2-CPS0: PCA Counter/Timer Pulse Select.
These bits select the timebase source for the PCA counter.
†
Bit0:
CPS2
0
0
0
CPS1
0
0
1
CPS0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Timebase
System clock divided by 12
System clock divided by 4
Timer 0 overflow
High-to-low transitions on ECI (max rate = system clock divided
by 4)
System clock
External clock divided by 8†
Reserved
Reserved
External oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
ECF: PCA Counter/Timer Overflow Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the PCA Counter/Timer Overflow (CF) interrupt.
0: Disable the CF interrupt.
1: Enable a PCA Counter/Timer Overflow interrupt request when CF (PCA0CN.7) is set.
Note: When the WDTE bit is set to ‘1’, the PCA0MD register cannot be modified. To change the contents
of the PCA0MD register, the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled.
Rev. 1.1
249
C8051F320/1
Figure 20.13. PCA0CPMn: PCA Capture/Compare Mode Registers
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
PWM16n
ECOMn
CAPPn
CAPNn
MATn
TOGn
PWMn
EECFn
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xDA, 0xDB,
0xDC, 0xDD,
0xDE
PCA0CPMn Address:
Bit7:
Bit6:
Bit5:
Bit4:
Bit3:
Bit2:
Bit1:
Bit0:
250
PCA0CPM0 = 0xDA (n = 0), PCA0CPM1 = 0xDB (n = 1),
PCA0CPM2 = 0xDC (n = 2), PCA0CPM3 = 0xDD (n = 3),
PCA0CPM4 = 0xDE (n = 4)
PWM16n: 16-bit Pulse Width Modulation Enable.
This bit selects 16-bit mode when Pulse Width Modulation mode is enabled (PWMn = 1).
0: 8-bit PWM selected.
1: 16-bit PWM selected.
ECOMn: Comparator Function Enable.
This bit enables/disables the comparator function for PCA module n.
0: Disabled.
1: Enabled.
CAPPn: Capture Positive Function Enable.
This bit enables/disables the positive edge capture for PCA module n.
0: Disabled.
1: Enabled.
CAPNn: Capture Negative Function Enable.
This bit enables/disables the negative edge capture for PCA module n.
0: Disabled.
1: Enabled.
MATn: Match Function Enable.
This bit enables/disables the match function for PCA module n. When enabled, matches of the PCA
counter with a module's capture/compare register cause the CCFn bit in PCA0MD register to be set to
logic 1.
0: Disabled.
1: Enabled.
TOGn: Toggle Function Enable.
This bit enables/disables the toggle function for PCA module n. When enabled, matches of the PCA
counter with a module's capture/compare register cause the logic level on the CEXn pin to toggle. If
the PWMn bit is also set to logic 1, the module operates in Frequency Output Mode.
0: Disabled.
1: Enabled.
PWMn: Pulse Width Modulation Mode Enable.
This bit enables/disables the PWM function for PCA module n. When enabled, a pulse width modulated signal is output on the CEXn pin. 8-bit PWM is used if PWM16n is cleared; 16-bit mode is used
if PWM16n is set to logic 1. If the TOGn bit is also set, the module operates in Frequency Output
Mode.
0: Disabled.
1: Enabled.
ECCFn: Capture/Compare Flag Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) interrupt.
0: Disable CCFn interrupts.
1: Enable a Capture/Compare Flag interrupt request when CCFn is set.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
Figure 20.14. PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xF9
Bits 7-0:
PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte.
The PCA0L register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit PCA Counter/Timer.
Figure 20.15. PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xFA
Bits 7-0:
PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte.
The PCA0H register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit PCA Counter/Timer.
Rev. 1.1
251
C8051F320/1
Figure 20.16. PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
00000000
0xFB, 0xE9,
0xEB, 0xED,
0xFD
PCA0CPLn Address:
Bits7-0:
PCA0CPL0 = 0xFB (n = 0), PCA0CPL1 = 0xE9 (n = 1),
PCA0CPL2 = 0xEB (n = 2), PCA0CPL3 = 0xED (n = 3),
PCA0CPL4 = 0xFD (n = 4)
PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte.
The PCA0CPLn register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit capture module n.
Figure 20.17. PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
SFR Address:
0xFC, 0xEA,
0xEC,0xEE,
0xFE
PCA0CPHn Address:
Bits7-0:
252
PCA0CPH0 = 0xFC (n = 0), PCA0CPH1 = 0xEA (n = 1),
PCA0CPH2 = 0xEC (n = 2), PCA0CPH3 = 0xEE (n = 3),
PCA0CPH4 = 0xFE (n = 4)
PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte.
The PCA0CPHn register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit capture module n.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
21.
C2 INTERFACE
C8051F320/1 devices include an on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) debug interface to allow FLASH programming,
boundary scan functions, and in-system debugging with the production part installed in the end application. The C2
interface uses a clock signal (C2CK) and a bi-directional C2 data signal (C2D) to transfer information between the
device and a host system. See the C2 Interface Specification for details on the C2 protocol.
21.1.
C2 Interface Registers
The following describes the C2 registers necessary to perform FLASH programming and boundary scan functions
through the C2 interface. All C2 registers are accessed through the C2 interface as described in the C2 Interface Specification.
Figure 21.1. C2ADD: C2 Address Register
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bits7-0:
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
The C2ADD register is accessed via the C2 interface to select the target Data register for C2 Data
Read and Data Write commands.
Address
0x00
0x01
0x02
0xB4
Description
Selects the Device ID register for Data Read instructions
Selects the Revision ID register for Data Read instructions
Selects the C2 FLASH Programming Control register for Data
Read/Write instructions
Selects the C2 FLASH Programming Data register for Data Read/Write
instructions
Figure 21.2. DEVICEID: C2 Device ID Register
Reset Value
00001001
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
This read-only register returns the 8-bit device ID: 0x09 (C8051F320/1).
Rev. 1.1
253
C8051F320/1
Figure 21.3. REVID: C2 Revision ID Register
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
This read-only register returns the 8-bit revision ID: 0x01 (Revision B).
Figure 21.4. FPCTL: C2 FLASH Programming Control Register
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bits7-0
Bit6
Bit5
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
FPCTL: FLASH Programming Control Register.
This register is used to enable FLASH programming via the C2 interface. To enable C2 FLASH programming, the following codes must be written in order: 0x02, 0x01. Note that once C2 FLASH programming is enabled, a system reset must be issued to resume normal operation.
Figure 21.5. FPDAT: C2 FLASH Programming Data Register
Reset Value
00000000
Bit7
Bits7-0:
Bit6
Bit4
Bit3
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
FPDAT: C2 FLASH Programming Data Register.
This register is used to pass FLASH commands, addresses, and data during C2 FLASH accesses.
Valid commands are listed below.
Code
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x03
254
Bit5
Command
FLASH Block Read
FLASH Block Write
FLASH Page Erase
Device Erase
Rev. 1.1
C8051F320/1
21.2.
C2 Pin Sharing
The C2 protocol allows the C2 pins to be shared with user functions so that in-system debugging, FLASH programming, and boundary scan functions may be performed. This is possible because C2 communication is typically performed when the device is in the halt state, where all on-chip peripherals and user software are stalled. In this halted
state, the C2 interface can safely ‘borrow’ the C2CK (/RST) and C2D (P3.0) pins. In most applications, external
resistors are required to isolate C2 interface traffic from the user application. A typical isolation configuration is
shown in Figure 21.6.
Figure 21.6. Typical C2 Pin Sharing
C8051Fxxx
/Reset (a)
C2CK
Input (b)
C2D
Output (c)
C2 Interface Master
The configuration in Figure 21.6 assumes the following:
1.
2.
The user input (b) cannot change state while the target device is halted.
The /RST pin on the target device is used as an input only.
Additional resistors may be necessary depending on the specific application.
Rev. 1.1
255
C8051F320/1
Contact Information
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Tel: 1+(512) 416-8500
Fax: 1+(512) 416-9669
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Email: [email protected]
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