STMICROELECTRONICS TL431IZT

TL431
Programmable voltage reference
Features
■
Adjustable output voltage: 2.5 to 36 V
■
Sink current capability: 1 to 100 mA
■
Typical output impedance: 0.22 Ω
■
1% and 2% voltage precision
Z
TO-92
(Plastic package)
Description
The TL431 is a programmable shunt voltage
reference with guaranteed temperature stability
over the entire operating temperature range.
D
SO-8
(Batwing plastic micropackage)
The output voltage may be set to any value
between 2.5 V and 36 V with two external
resistors.
The TL431 operates with a wide current range
from 1 to 100 mA with a typical dynamic
impedance of 0.22 Ω.
March 2008
Rev 5
1/15
www.st.com
15
Schematic diagrams
1
TL431
Schematic diagrams
Figure 1.
TO-92 pin connections (top view)
Cathode Anode Reference
1
Figure 2.
2
3
SO-8 batwing pin connections (top view)
8
7
6
5
1 - Cathode
2 - Anode
3 - Anode
4 - N.C.
5 - N.C.
6 - Anode
7 - Anode
8 - Reference
1
Figure 3.
2
3
4
TL431 block diagram
Cathode
Vref
+
Vref
Anode
2/15
TL431
2
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Table 1.
Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol
VKA
Parameter
Cathode to anode voltage
Value
Unit
37
V
Ik
Continuous cathode current range
-100 to +150
mA
Iref
Reference input current range
-0.05 to +10
mA
625
960
mW
Pdiss
Power dissipation (1)
TO-92
SO-8 batwing
Tstg
Storage temperature range
-65 to +150
°C
HBM: human body model (2)
2000
200
1500
V
ESD
MM: machine model (3)
CDM: charged device model
(4)
1. Pdiss is calculated with Tamb = +25° C, Tj = +150° C and
Rthja = 200° C/W for TO-92 package
Rthja = 130° C/W for SO-8 batwing package
2. Human body model: A 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a
1.5 kΩ resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations
while the other pins are floating.
3. Machine model: A 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between
two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 Ω). This is done for all couples of
connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.
4. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then
discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.
Table 2.
Operating conditions
Symbol
VKA
Ik
Toper
Parameter
Value
Unit
Cathode to anode voltage
Vref to 36
V
Cathode current
1 to 100
mA
0 to +70
-40 to +105
°C
Operating free-air temperature range
TL431C/AC
TL431I/AI
3/15
Electrical characteristics
TL431
3
Electrical characteristics
Table 3.
Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
TL431C
Symbol
Unit
Min.
Vref
Reference input voltage
VKA = Vref , Ik = 10 mA, Tamb = 25°C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
ΔVref
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature
range (1)
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
ΔVref
-----------ΔVka
Iref
TL431AC
Parameter
Typ.
Max.
Min.
Typ.
Max.
2.44 2.495 2.55 2.47 2.495 2.52
2.423
2.567 2.453
2.537
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
in cathode to anode voltage
Ik = 10mA - ΔVKA = 10V to Vref
ΔVKA = 36V to 10V
mV
3
-2.7
-2
Reference input current
Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = ∞
Tamb = 25°C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
17
-1.4
-1
1.8
3
-2.7
-2
4
5.2
15
mV/V
-1.4
-1
1.8
4
5.2
Reference input current deviation over temperature
range
Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 =∞
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
0.4
1.2
0.4
1.2
Imin
Minimum cathode current for regulation
VKA = Vref
0.5
1
0.5
0.6
Ioff
Off-state cathode current
2.6
1000
2.6
1000
0.22
0.5
0.22
0.5
ΔIref
V
µA
µA
mA
nA
(2)
⏐ ZKA⏐
Dynamic impedance
VKA = Vref , Δ Ik = 1 to100mA, f ≤ 1kHZ
1. See definition of Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range.
ΔV KA
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as | ZKA| = ---------------
ΔI k
4/15
Ω
TL431
Table 4.
Electrical characteristics
Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
TL431I
Symbol
Unit
Min.
Vref
Reference input voltage
VKA = Vref , Ik = 10 mA, Tamb = 25°C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
ΔVref
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature
range (1)
VKA = Vref , Ik =10 mA, Tmin≤ Tamb≤ Tmax
ΔVref
-----------ΔVka
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
in cathode to anode voltage
Ik = 10mA, ΔVKA = 10V to Vref
ΔVKA = 36V to 10V
Iref
ΔIref
TL431AI
Parameter
Reference input current
Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = ∞
Tamb = 25°C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤Tmax
Reference input current deviation over temperature
range
Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = ∞
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
Typ.
Max.
Min.
Typ.
Max.
2.44 2.495 2.55
2.41
2.58
2.47 2.495 2.52
2.44
2.55
V
7
7
mV
-2.7
-2
30
-1.4
-1
-2.7
-2
30
-1.4
-1
mV/V
1.8
4
6.5
1.8
4
6.5
µA
0.8
2.5
0.8
1.2
µA
Imin
Minimum cathode current for regulation
VKA = Vref
0.5
1
0.5
0.7
mA
Ioff
Off-state cathode current
2.6
1000
2.6
1000
nA
0.22
0.5
0.22
0.5
Ω
(2)
⏐ ZKA⏐
Dynamic impedance
VKA = Vref , Δ Ik = 1 to100mA, f ≤ 1kHZ
1. See definition of Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below.
ΔV KA
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as | ZKA| = ---------------
ΔI k
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range
ΔVref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over
the full temperature range.
ΔVref = Vref max - Vref min
Figure 4.
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range
V ref max.
V ref min.
T1
T2
Temperature
5/15
Electrical characteristics
Figure 5.
TL431
Test circuit for VKA = Vref
Figure 6.
Test circuit for programming mode
Input
Input
R
Output
R
IK
Output
R1
IK=10mA
VKA
IREF
R2
VKA
VREF
VREF
R1
VKA = VREF ( 1 + -------- ) + R1 x IREF
R2
Figure 7.
Test circuit for Ioff
Figure 8.
Test circuit for phase margin and
voltage gain
VKA=36V
10μF
10μF
Test circuit for response time
1 mA
0 mA
6/15
Output
IK=1mA
Output
Figure 9.
8.25kΩ
Input
IK=10mA
15kΩ
IOFF
VREF
TL431
Electrical characteristics
Figure 10. Reference voltage vs. temperature
Figure 11. Reference voltage vs. cathode
current
100
Cathode current IKA (mA)
Cathode voltage VKA (V)
2.54
VKA = VREF
IK = 10 mA
2.52
2.50
2.48
2.46
2.44
-40
TAMB=+25°C
75
50
25
0
-25
-50
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
-1
0
Temperature (°C)
Figure 12. Reference voltage vs. cathode
current
Reference current IREF (μA)
Cathode current IKA (mA)
3
2.0
TAMB = +25°C
1
0
-1
IK=10 mA
R1=10kΩ
R2= + ∝
1.5
1.0
0.5
-2
-1
0
1
2
0.0
−40
3
−20
0
Cathode voltage VKA (V)
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature °C
Figure 14. Off-state cathode current vs.
temperature
Figure 15. Ratio of change in Vref to change in
VKA vs. temperature
2.0
0.0
VKA = 36 V
VREF = 0 V
ΔVREF / ΔVKA (mV / V)
Off-state current IOFF (μA)
2
Figure 13. Reference current vs. temperature
2
1.5
1.0
-0.5
IK = 10 mA
-1.0
-1.5
0.5
0.0
-40
1
Cathode voltage VKA (V)
-20
0
20
40
Temperature (°C)
60
80
100
-2.0
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (°C)
7/15
Electrical characteristics
TL431
Figure 16. Static impedance RKA vs.
temperature
Figure 17. Minimum operating current vs.
temperature
0.6
Minimum cathode current IMIN (mA)
Static impedance RKA (Ω)
0.30
0.28
VKA=VREF
TAMB=+25°C
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.20
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
0.4
0.0
-40
100
VKA = VREF
0.2
-20
0
Figure 18. Gain and phase vs. frequency
50
Phase
0
0
-50
Phase (°)
Gain (dB)
80
100
VKA=VREF
150
100
20
60
100
Cathode current (mA)
IK=10 mA
See figure 4
40
40
Figure 19. Stability behavior with capacitive
loads
200
60
Gain
20
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
80
VKA=5 V
Instable
Area
60
40
VKA=12 V
20
VKA=24 V
-100
-20
-150
-40
1
10
100
-200
10000
1000
0
1E-10
1E-9
Frequency (kHz)
Figure 20. Maximum power dissipation
60
TO92
40
Safe
Area
Input and Output voltage (V)
Cathode current (mA)
SO8
Batwing
80
1E-5
Input
20
30
VKA=VREF
TAMB=+25°C
4
Output
2
0
10
Cathode voltage (V)
8/15
1E-6
6
TAMB= +25°C
0
1E-7
Figure 21. Pulse response for Ik = 1 mA
100
20
1E-8
Capacitive load (Farad)
0
2
4
6
Time (μs)
8
10
TL431
4
Package information
Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, STMicroelectronics offers these devices in
ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a lead-free second level interconnect. The
category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label,
in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering
conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an STMicroelectronics
trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com.
9/15
Package information
4.1
TL431
SO-8 package information
Figure 22. SO-8 package mechanical drawing
Table 5.
SO-8 package mechanical data
Dimensions
Ref.
Millimeters
Min.
Typ.
A
Max.
Min.
Typ.
1.75
0.25
Max.
0.069
A1
0.10
A2
1.25
b
0.28
0.48
0.011
0.019
c
0.17
0.23
0.007
0.010
D
4.80
4.90
5.00
0.189
0.193
0.197
E
5.80
6.00
6.20
0.228
0.236
0.244
E1
3.80
3.90
4.00
0.150
0.154
0.157
e
0.004
0.010
0.049
1.27
0.050
h
0.25
0.50
0.010
0.020
L
0.40
1.27
0.016
0.050
k
1°
8°
1°
8°
ccc
10/15
Inches
0.10
0.004
TL431
TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information
Figure 23. TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical drawing
A1
P
T
P
A
H
W2
W0
W
L1
W1
H0
H
I1
d
H1
4.2
Package information
D0
F1 F2
P2
P0
Table 6.
TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical data
Millimeters
Inches
Dim.
Min
Typ.
Max.
Min.
Typ.
Max.
AL
5.0
0.197
A
5.0
0.197
T
4.0
0.157
d
0.45
0.018
I1
2.5
0.098
P
11.7
12.7
13.7
0.461
0.500
0.539
PO
12.4
12.7
13
0.488
0.500
0.512
P2
5.95
6.35
6.75
0.234
0.250
0.266
F1/F2
2.4
2.5
2.8
0.094
0.098
0.110
Δh
-1
0
1
-0.039
0
0.039
ΔP
-1
0
1
-0.039
0
0.039
W
17.5
18.0
19.0
0.689
0.709
0.748
W0
5.7
6
6.3
0.224
0.236
0.248
W1
8.5
9
9.75
0.335
0.354
0.384
W2
0.5
0.020
H
20
0.787
H0
15.5
16
H1
DO
L1
16.5
0.610
0.630
25
3.8
4.0
4.2
11
0.650
0.984
0.150
0.157
0.165
0.433
11/15
Package information
4.3
TL431
TO-92 (bulk) package information
Figure 24. TO-92 bulk package mechanical drawing
Table 7.
TO-92 bulk package mechanical data
Millimeters
Inches
Dim.
Min
L
12/15
Typ.
Max.
Min.
1.27
Typ.
Max.
0.05
B
3.2
3.7
4.2
0.126
0.1457
0.1654
O1
4.45
5.00
5.2
0.1752
0.1969
0.2047
C
4.58
5.03
5.33
0.1803
0.198
0.2098
K
12.7
O2
0.407
0.0197
0.02
a
0.35
0.5
0.5
0.508
0.016
0.0138
TL431
Ordering information
5
Ordering information
Table 8.
Order codes
Order code
Temperature
range
Package
Packing
SO-8
Tube or
Tape and reel
TL431CD
TL431CDT
431C
TL431ACD
TL431ACDT
TL431CZ
TL431CZT
TL431CZ-AP
431AC
0°C to +70°C
TL431C
TO-92
TL431ACZ
TL431ACZT
TL431ACZ-AP
Bulk or
Tape or
Ammopack
TL431AC
TL431ID
TL431IDT
431I
SO-8
TL431AID
TL431AIDT
Tube or
tape and reel
431AI
TL431IZ
TL431IZT
TL431IZ-AP
TL431I
-40°C to + 105°C
TO-92
TL431AIZ
TL431AIZT
TL431AIZ-AP
Bulk or
Tape or
Ammopack
TL431AI
TL431IYD(1)
TL431IYDT(1)
TL431AIYD(1)
TL431AIYDT(1)
Marking
431IY
SO-8 (automotive grade level)
Tube or
tape and reel
431AIY
1. Qualification and characterization according to AEC Q100 and Q003 or equivalent, advanced screening according to AEC
Q001 & Q 002 or equivalent are on-going.
13/15
Revision history
TL431
6
Revision history
Table 9.
Document revision history
Date
Revision
01-Mar-2002
1
Initial release.
01-Nov-2005
2
PPAP references inserted in order codes table on cover page.
13-Dec-2006
3
Corrected TO-92 package information.
4
Specified that SO-8 package is batwing package.
In electrical characteristics tables, moved negative values from max column to
min column.
Corrected captions of Figure 5 and of Figure 16.
Added footnote to Table 8: Order codes.
5
Corrected SO-8 package mechanical data.
Corrected footnote for automotive grade order codes in order code table.
Corrected packing information for TO-92 devices in order code table.
08-Jun-2007
25-Feb-2008
14/15
Changes
TL431
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15/15