AGERE T7234

Advisory
November 1998
T7234, T7237, and T7256
Compliance with the New ETSI PSD Requirement
(Refer to the T7234, T7237, and T7256 ISDN transceiver data sheets.)
Telecommunication Standard
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has identified a change in the requirement of
the power spectral density (PSD) for Basic Rate Interface ISDN.
Section A.12.4, Power Spectral Density, of ETSI TS080 states the following:
■
The upper boundary of the power spectral density of the transmitted signal shall be as shown in Figure 1,
below.
■
Measurements to verify compliance with this requirement are to use a noise power bandwidth of 1.0 kHz.
■
Systems deployed before January 1, 2000 do not have to meet this PSD requirement but shall meet the PSD
requirements as defined in ETR 080 edition 2. It is, however, expected that these systems will also meet the
PSD requirements of TS080 edition 3. Some narrowband violations could occur and should be tolerated.
–20
0.050
–30
–40
PSD (dBm/Hz)
–50
–60
1.000
–70
0.315
–80
–90
–100
–110
30.000
–120
5.000
–130
–140
0.001
0.010
0.100
1.000
10.000
100.000
f (MHz)
5-7388F
Figure 1. Upper Boundary of Power Spectral Density from NT1 and LT
The existing SCNT1 family (T7234A, T7237A, and T7256A) of U-interface transceivers fully comply with this
standard.
Conformance to the above requirement has been fully verified, and test reports are available upon request.
For additional information, contact your Microelectronics Group Account Manager or the following:
http://www.lucent.com/micro
INTERNET:
[email protected]
E-MAIL:
N. AMERICA: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Room 30L-15P-BA, Allentown, PA 18103
1-800-372-2447, FAX 610-712-4106 (In CANADA: 1-800-553-2448, FAX 610-712-4106)
ASIA PACIFIC: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd., 77 Science Park Drive, #03-18 Cintech III, Singapore 118256
Tel. (65) 778 8833, FAX (65) 777 7495
CHINA:
Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., A-F2, 23/F, Zao Fong Universe Building, 1800 Zhong Shan Xi Road, Shanghai
200233 P. R. China Tel. (86) 21 6440 0468, ext. 316, FAX (86) 21 6440 0652
JAPAN:
Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Japan Ltd., 7-18, Higashi-Gotanda 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan
Tel. (81) 3 5421 1600, FAX (81) 3 5421 1700
EUROPE:
Data Requests: MICROELECTRONICS GROUP DATALINE: Tel. (44) 1189 324 299, FAX (44) 1189 328 148
Technical Inquiries: GERMANY: (49) 89 95086 0 (Munich), UNITED KINGDOM: (44) 1344 865 900 (Ascot),
FRANCE: (33) 1 40 83 68 00 (Paris), SWEDEN: (46) 8 594 607 00 (Stockholm), FINLAND: (358) 9 4354 2800 (Helsinki),
ITALY: (39) 02 6608131 (Milan), SPAIN: (34) 1 807 1441 (Madrid)
Lucent Technologies Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. No liability is assumed as a result of their use or application. No
rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information.
Copyright © 1998 Lucent Technologies Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
November 1998
AY99-004ISDN
(Must accompany DS97-410ISDN, DS97-411ISDN, DS97-412ISDN, and AY98-025ISDN)
Advisory
July 1998
T7234, T7237, and T7256
Data Sheet Advisory
(Refer to the T7234, T7237, and T7256 ISDN transceiver data sheets.)
The Technology and Telecommunications Standard sections below denote the differences between the T7234,
T7237, and T7256 and the T7234A, T7237A, and T7256A.
Technology
■
The T-7234- - -ML, T-7237- - -ML, and T-7256- - -ML2 are 0.9 µm CMOS technology devices.
■
The T-7234A- -ML, T-7237A- -ML, and T-7256A- -ML are 0.6 µm CMOS technology devices.
Telecommunication Standard
In 1996, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) added a microinterruption immunity
requirement to ETR 080 (Sections 5.4.5 and 6.2.5).
Section 5.4.5 in ETSI ETR 080 states the following:
■
A microinterruption is a temporary line interruption due to external mechanical activity on the copper wires
constituting the transmission path.
■
The effect of a microinterruption on the transmission system can be a failure of the digital transmission link.
■
The objective of this requirement is that the presence of a microinterruption of specified maximum length
shall not deactivate the system, and the system shall activate if it has deactivated due to longer interruption.
Section 6.2.5 in ETSI ETR 080 states that:
■
A system shall tolerate a microinterruption up to t = 5 ms, when simulated with a repetition interval of
t = 5 ms.
The SCNT1 family of U-interface transceivers was upgraded to fully comply with this standard. The devices
have been given an A suffix (T7234A, T7237A, and T7256A).
A proposal was added to the Living List (which is intended to collect issues and observations for a possible
future update of ETSI ETR 080) to change the value of the microinterruption from 5 ms to 10 ms. The current
SCNT1 family of U-interface transceivers (T7234A/T7237A/T7256A) from Lucent Technologies Microelectronics Group meets and exceeds this new requirement.
The above change to the SCNT1 family of transceivers has been fully verified, and test reports are available
upon request.
T7234, T7237, and T7256
Data Sheet Advisory
Advisory
July 1998
Application Circuit
Please change the value of capacitor C15 from 0.1 µF to 1.0 µF in Figure 11 of the T7234 data sheet, Figure 17 of
the T7237 data sheet, and Figure 20 of the T7256 data sheet. The following schematic shows the correct value
(1.0 µF) for C15.
MLT CIRCUIT
C15
1.0 µF
+5 V
R8
17.8 kΩ
SCNT1
OPTOIN
PIN
R11
137 Ω
R10
10 kΩ
8
6
5
R9
U2
R12
137 Ω
2
3
7
HCPL-0701
2.2 MΩ
CA
1.0 µF
(PLACE THIS CAPACITOR AS
CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE LH1465)
LH1465AB
8
1
TC
PR+
7
2
RS
T
U3
6
3
PD
R
5
4
COM
PR–
R15
1.1 kΩ
2W
ZD
FOR NORTH AMERICAN
APPLICATIONS ONLY
R14
1.1 kΩ
2W
RING
TIP
5-7034(C)
Figure 1. MLT Circuit Showing New Placement of Zener Diode (ZD) and Capacitor (CA)
In the ILOSS mode (refer to ANSI T1.601 1992, Section 6.5.2), the NT generates a scrambled, framed, 2B1Q signal such as SN1 and SN2. When the ILOSS mode is applied to circuits with the LH1465, it was observed that for
some short loop lengths, the NT, once in the ILOSS mode, would not respond to further maintenance pulses until
the ILOSS timer expired. It was discovered that there is some portion of the transmitted 2B1Q signal from the NT
that passes through the LH1465 to the optoisolator. This causes the optoisolator to report incorrect dial pulses at
its output, and thus prevent the NT from properly exiting the ILOSS mode.
To correct this situation, the dropout voltage (voltage at the Tip/Ring needed to turn on the optoisolator) of the
optoisolator driver on the LH1465 is raised using the 3.6 V zener diode ZD (for example, Motorola* MMSZ4685T1).
Capacitor CA is a 1.0 µF ±10% tantalum chip capacitor, with a voltage rating of at least 16 V. CA is added to provide
a level of filtering for the transition points (turn-on or turn-off) of the optoisolator input voltage, which increases the
robustness of the circuit.
* Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola Inc.
For additional information, contact your Microelectronics Group Account Manager or the following:
http://www.lucent.com/micro
INTERNET:
[email protected]
E-MAIL:
N. AMERICA: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Room 30L-15P-BA, Allentown, PA 18103
1-800-372-2447, FAX 610-712-4106 (In CANADA: 1-800-553-2448, FAX 610-712-4106)
ASIA PACIFIC: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd., 77 Science Park Drive, #03-18 Cintech III, Singapore 118256
Tel. (65) 778 8833, FAX (65) 777 7495
CHINA:
Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., A-F2, 23/F, Zao Fong Universe Building, 1800 Zhong Shan Xi Road,
Shanghai 200233 P. R. China Tel. (86) 21 6440 0468, ext. 316, FAX (86) 21 6440 0652
JAPAN:
Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Japan Ltd., 7-18, Higashi-Gotanda 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan
Tel. (81) 3 5421 1600, FAX (81) 3 5421 1700
EUROPE:
Data Requests: MICROELECTRONICS GROUP DATALINE: Tel. (44) 1189 324 299, FAX (44) 1189 328 148
Technical Inquiries: GERMANY: (49) 89 95086 0 (Munich), UNITED KINGDOM: (44) 1344 865 900 (Bracknell),
FRANCE: (33) 1 48 83 68 00 (Paris), SWEDEN: (46) 8 600 7070 (Stockholm), FINLAND: (358) 9 4354 2800 (Helsinki),
ITALY: (39) 2 6601 1800 (Milan), SPAIN: (34) 1 807 1441 (Madrid)
Lucent Technologies Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. No liability is assumed as a result of their use or application. No
rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information.
Copyright © 1998 Lucent Technologies Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
July 1998
AY98-025ISDN (Replaces AY98-020ISDN)
(Must accompany DS97-410ISDN, DS97-411ISDN, and DS97-412ISDN)
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1
(SCNT1) Transceiver
Features
■
U- to S/T-interface conversion for ISDN basic rate
(2B+D) systems
— Integrated U- and S/T-interfaces
— Operates in stand-alone mode to provide U- and
S/T-interface activation, control, and maintenance functions
— Serial microprocessor and time-division multiplexed (TDM) bus interfaces for enhanced NT1
operation and voice/data ports
— Automatic embedded operations channel (eoc)
processing for ANSI T1.601 systems
— Low power consumption supporting line-powered NT1 (See table 45 on page 102, Question
and Answers section, #53 for detailed power
consumption information.)
— Idle-mode support (35 mW typical)
— Board-level testability support
■
U-interface
— Conforms to ANSI T1.601 standard and ETSI
ETR 080 technical report
— 2B1Q four-level line code
— Automatic ANSI maintenance functions (quiet
mode and insertion loss mode)
■
S/T-interface
— Conforms to ANSI T1.605 standard, ITU-T I.430
recommendation, and ETSI ETS 300 012 for NT
operation
— Supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
(passive bus) arrangements
— Supports S- and Q-channel multiframing operations (an external microprocessor is required for
S- and Q-channel multiframing support)
■
Serial microprocessor and TDM bus interfaces
— Supports inexpensive serial microprocessor
— Supports direct codec connection and voice/
data ports
— Allows access to 2B+D data on TDM bus
■
Other
— Single +5 V (±5%) supply
— –40 °C to +85 °C
— 44-pin PLCC
Description
The Lucent Technologies Microelectronics Group
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver integrated circuit provides data (2B+D) and control information conversion between 2-wire (U-interface) and
4-wire (S/T-interface) digital subscriber loops on the
integrated services digital network (ISDN). The
T7256 conforms to the ANSI T1.601 standard and
ETSI ETR 080 technical report for the U-interface
and the ITU-T I.430 recommendation, ANSI T1.605
standard, and ETSI ETS 300 012 for the S/T-interface. The T7256 also supports digital pair gain and
terminal adapter applications. The single +5 V CMOS
device is packaged in a 44-pin plastic leaded chip
carrier (PLCC).
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Sheet
January 1998
Table of Contents
Contents
Page
Features ....................................................................................................................................................................1
Description ................................................................................................................................................................1
Pin Information ..........................................................................................................................................................5
Application Overview ...............................................................................................................................................10
Functional Overview ................................................................................................................................................11
U-Interface Frame Structure ....................................................................................................................................12
Bit Assignments.......................................................................................................................................................13
S/T-Interface Frame Structure..................................................................................................................................14
U-Interface Description............................................................................................................................................17
S/T-Interface Description .........................................................................................................................................18
Microprocessor Interface Description ......................................................................................................................18
Registers..........................................................................................................................................................18
Timing ..............................................................................................................................................................39
Time-Division Multiplexed (TDM) Bus Description ..................................................................................................41
Clock and Data Format ....................................................................................................................................41
Frame Strobe ...................................................................................................................................................41
Data Flow Matrix Description...................................................................................................................................43
B1-, B2-, D-Channel Routing ...........................................................................................................................43
Loopbacks ...............................................................................................................................................................44
Modes of Operation .................................................................................................................................................45
STLED Description ..................................................................................................................................................46
eoc State Machine Description................................................................................................................................48
ANSI Maintenance Control Description ...................................................................................................................48
S/T-Interface Multiframing Controller Description ....................................................................................................49
Board-Level Testing .........................................................................................................................................50
Stimulus/Response Testing..............................................................................................................................50
Application Briefs.....................................................................................................................................................52
T7256 Reference Circuit ..................................................................................................................................52
Using the T7256 in a Combination TE/TA Environment (NT1/TA) ...................................................................59
T7256 Configuration ........................................................................................................................................59
D-Channel Priority ...........................................................................................................................................60
Interfacing the T7256 to the Motorola 68302 ...................................................................................................62
Available Tools for Evaluation of the T7256 .....................................................................................................69
Absolute Maximum Ratings.....................................................................................................................................73
Handling Precautions ..............................................................................................................................................73
Recommended Operating Conditions .....................................................................................................................73
Electrical Characteristics .........................................................................................................................................74
Power Consumption.........................................................................................................................................74
Pin Electrical Characteristics ...........................................................................................................................74
S/T-Interface Receiver Common-Mode Rejection............................................................................................75
Crystal Characteristics.....................................................................................................................................75
Timing Characteristics .............................................................................................................................................76
Switching Test Input/Output Waveform ............................................................................................................78
Propagation Delay ...........................................................................................................................................78
Outline Diagram.......................................................................................................................................................79
44-Pin PLCC....................................................................................................................................................79
Ordering Information................................................................................................................................................79
Questions and Answers...........................................................................................................................................80
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................80
U-Interface .......................................................................................................................................................80
S/T-Interface.....................................................................................................................................................88
Miscellaneous ..................................................................................................................................................99
Glossary ................................................................................................................................................................105
Standards Documentation .....................................................................................................................................109
2
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Table of Contents (continued)
Figures
Page
Figure 1. Block Diagram ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 2. Pin Diagram............................................................................................................................................. 5
Figure 3. Applications of T7256............................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 4. U-Interface Frame and Superframe ...................................................................................................... 12
Figure 5. U-Interface Superframe Bit Groups....................................................................................................... 13
Figure 6. Frame Structures of NT and TE Frames ............................................................................................... 14
Figure 7. Details of NT and TE Frames................................................................................................................ 15
Figure 8. Multiframing—S Subchannels and Q Subchannels .............................................................................. 16
Figure 9. U-Interface Quat Example..................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 10. S/T-Interface ASI Example.................................................................................................................. 18
Figure 11. Functional Register Map (Addresses and Bit Assignments) ............................................................... 19
Figure 12. NEC and Motorola Microprocessor Port Connections......................................................................... 39
Figure 13. Intel Microprocessor Port Connections ............................................................................................... 39
Figure 14. Synchronous Microprocessor Port Interface Format........................................................................... 40
Figure 15. TDM Bus Time-Slot Format................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 16. B1-, B2-, D-Channel Routing............................................................................................................... 43
Figure 17. Location of the Loopback Configurations (Reference ITU-T I.430 Appendix I)................................... 44
Figure 18. STLED Control Flow Diagram ............................................................................................................. 47
Figure 19. External Stimulus/Response Configuration......................................................................................... 51
Figure 20. T7256 Stand-Alone Reference Circuit-A ............................................................................................. 54
Figure 21. T7256 Stand-Alone Reference Circuit-B ............................................................................................. 55
Figure 22. T7256 NT1/TA Application Block Diagram.......................................................................................... 59
Figure 23. MC68302 to T7256 Interface Diagram ................................................................................................ 62
Figure 24. SCNT1-RDB EPLD Schematic............................................................................................................ 64
Figure 25. SCNT1-RDB EPLD ADHL Design Files .............................................................................................. 65
Figure 26. SCNT1-RDB EPLD Timing (8-bit) ....................................................................................................... 66
Figure 27. SCNT1-RDB EPLD Timing (7-bit) ....................................................................................................... 67
Figure 28. TDM Bus Timing.................................................................................................................................. 76
Figure 29. Timing Diagram Referenced to SYN8K............................................................................................... 77
Figure 30. RESET Timing Diagram ...................................................................................................................... 77
Figure 31. Switching Test Waveform.................................................................................................................... 78
Figure 32. Transceiver Impedance Limits ............................................................................................................ 82
Figure 33. Receiver Bias ...................................................................................................................................... 90
Figure 34. T7256 S/T Line Interface Scheme....................................................................................................... 94
Figure 35. T7903 S/T Line Interface Scheme....................................................................................................... 94
Figure 36. T7250C S/T Line Interface Scheme .................................................................................................... 95
Figure 37. T7903 to T7256 Direct-Connect Scheme............................................................................................ 96
Figure 38. T7250C to T7256 Direct-Connect Scheme ......................................................................................... 96
Figure 39. T7903 to T7256 Direct-Connect Scheme with External S/T-Interface ................................................ 97
Figure 40. T7250C to T7256 Direct-Connect Scheme with External S/T-Interface.............................................. 98
Lucent Technologies Inc.
3
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Sheet
January 1998
Table of Contents (continued)
Tables
Page
Table 1. Pin Descriptions ...........................................................................................................................................6
Table 2. U-Interface Bit Assignment ........................................................................................................................13
Table 3. Line Transmission Code .............................................................................................................................18
Table 4. Global Device Control—Device Configuration (Address 00h) ....................................................................20
Table 5. Global Device Control—U-Interface (Address 01h) ...................................................................................22
Table 6. Global Device Control—S/T-Interface (Address 02h) .................................................................................23
Table 7. Data Flow Control—U and S/T B Channels (Address 03h)........................................................................25
Table 8. Data Flow Control—D Channels and TDM Bus (Address 04h)..................................................................26
Table 9. TDM Bus Timing Control (Address 05h).....................................................................................................27
Table 10. Control Flow State Machine Control—Maintenance/Reserved Bits (Address 06h) .................................28
Table 11. Control Flow State Machine Status (Address 07h) ..................................................................................29
Table 12. Control Flow State Machine Status—Reserved Bits (Address 08h) ........................................................30
Table 13. eoc State Machine Control—Address (Address 09h) ..............................................................................31
Table 14. eoc State Machine Control—Information (Address 0Ah) .........................................................................32
Table 15. eoc State Machine Status—Address (Address 0Bh) ...............................................................................32
Table 16. eoc State Machine Status—Information (Address 0Ch) ..........................................................................32
Table 17. Q-Channel Bits (Address 0Dh).................................................................................................................33
Table 18. S Subchannels 1—5 (Address 0Eh—12h)...............................................................................................33
Table 19. U-Interface Interrupt Register (Address 13h) ...........................................................................................34
Table 20. U-Interface Interrupt Mask Register (Address 14h)..................................................................................35
Table 21. S/T-Interface Interrupt Register (Address 15h).........................................................................................36
Table 22. S/T-Interface Interrupt Mask Register (Address 16h) ...............................................................................36
Table 23. Maintenance Interrupt Register (Address 17h) ........................................................................................37
Table 24. Maintenance Interrupt Mask Register (Address 18h)...............................................................................37
Table 25. Global Interrupt Register (Address 19h) ..................................................................................................38
Table 26. Stand-Alone Mode ...................................................................................................................................45
Table 27. Microprocessor Mode...............................................................................................................................45
Table 28. STLED States ..........................................................................................................................................46
Table 29. T7256 Reference Schematic Parts List ....................................................................................................56
Table 30. Line-Side Resistor Requirements ............................................................................................................58
Table 31. Motorola MC68302 SCC Options.............................................................................................................62
Table 32. PCM Channel Selection ...........................................................................................................................63
Table 33. SPEC_V2 Functions ................................................................................................................................69
Table 34. SPEC_V2 Interface Connector Pinouts....................................................................................................71
Table 35. Power Consumption .................................................................................................................................74
Table 36. Digital dc Characteristics (Over Operating Ranges) ................................................................................74
Table 37. S/T-Interface Receiver Common-Mode Rejection ....................................................................................75
Table 38. Fundamental Mode Crystal Characteristics .............................................................................................75
Table 39. Internal PLL Characteristics .....................................................................................................................75
Table 40. TDM Bus Timing.......................................................................................................................................76
Table 41. Clock Timing.............................................................................................................................................77
Table 42. RESET Timing..........................................................................................................................................77
Table 43. Power Dissipation Variation ....................................................................................................................101
Table 44. Power Dissipation of CKOUT .................................................................................................................101
Table 45. Power Consumption ...............................................................................................................................102
4
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Description (continued)
µP INTERFACE
4-WIRE
S/T-INTERFACE
eoc
STATE
MACHINE
µP INTERFACE &
REGISTERS
S/T
TRANSCEIVER
MULTIFRAMING
CONTROLLER
2-WIRE
2B1Q
U-INTERFACE
CONTROL FLOW STATE
MACHINE
U
TRANSCEIVER
DATA FLOW MATRIX
15.360
MHz
TDM BUS INTERFACE
ANSI
MAINTENANCE
DECODER
CRYSTAL
OSC.
TDM BUS INTERFACE
5-2292 (C)
Figure 1. Block Diagram
STLED
OPTOIN
GNDD
HIGHZ
4
3
2
44 43 42 41 40
1
GNDA
SYN8K/LBIND/FS
5
GNDA
VDDD
6
RESET
VDDA
ILOSS
Pin Information
7
39
VDDA
8
38
SDINP
PS1E/TDMCLK
9
37
SDINN
GNDD
10
36
HP
ACTMODE/INT
SYN8K_CTL/SDI
11
35
34
LON
GNDA
VDDD
13
33
VDDA
SDO
14
32
LOP
AUTOACT/SCK
15
31
HN
GNDD
16
30
VRN
CKOUT
17
29
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
VRP
RPR
RNR
TNR
TPR
GNDA
X2
X1
VDDO
GNDO
VDDA
T7256
12
VRCM
FTE/TDMDI
PS2E/TDMDO
Note: Pin labels shown in bold (pins 11, 12, and 15) represent chip configuration controls that are sampled on the rising edge of RESET (see
Table 1, Pin Descriptions).
5-2296 (C)
Figure 2. Pin Diagram
Lucent Technologies Inc.
5
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Sheet
January 1998
Pin Information (continued)
Table 1. Pin Descriptions
Pin
1, 10,
16
2
Symbol
GNDD
Type*
Name/Function
—
Digital Ground. Ground leads for digital circuitry.
OPTOIN
Iu
3
STLED
O
Optoisolator Input. Pin accepts CMOS logic level maintenance pulse
streams. These pulse streams typically are generated by an optoisolator
that is monitoring the U loop. Pulse patterns on this pin are digitally filtered
for 20 ms before being considered valid and are then decoded and interpreted using the ANSI maintenance state machine requirements. If AUTOCTL
= 1 (register GR0, bit 3, default), the internal state machine decodes pulse
trains and implements the required maintenance states automatically. If AUTOCTL = 0, the pulse trains are decoded internally, but the microprocessor
must implement the maintenance state as indicated by the maintenance interrupts (register MIR0). If the OPTOIN pin is being used for implementing
maintenance functions, the ILOSS pin should not be used (i.e., it should be
held high). Instead, the ILOSS register bit should be used (register CFR0,
bit 0). An internal 100 kΩ pull-up resistor is on this pin.
Status LED Driver. Output pin for driving an LED (source/sink 4.0 mA) that
indicates the device status. The four defined states are low, high,
1 Hz flashing, and 8 Hz flashing (flashing occurs at 50% duty cycle). See the
STLED Description section for a detailed explanation of these states.
Also, this pin indicates device sanity upon power on/RESET, as follows:
■
If AUTOACT/SCK = 0 (pin 15) after a device RESET (which sets AUTOACT = 0 in register GR0 bit 6, turning on autoactivation), STLED will toggle at an 8 Hz rate for at least 0.5 s, signifying an activation attempt. If the
activation attempt succeeds, it will continue to flash per the normal startup sequence (see STLED Description section).
If AUTOACT/SCK = 1 (pin 15) after a device RESET, STLED will go low
for 1 s (flash of life), indicating that the device is operational, and no activation attempt will be made.
Synchronous 8 kHz Clock or Loopback Indicator. If TDMEN = 1 (register
GR2, bit 5, default), the pin function is determined based on the state of pin
12 (SYN8K_CTL/SDI) at the most recent rising edge of RESET. As SYN8K
(SYN8K_CTL/SDI = 0 at RESET rising edge), this pin is an 8 kHz 50% duty
cycle clock that is synchronous with the recovered timing from the U-interface. When U-interface synchronization is not present, SYN8K is freerunning. As LBIND (SYN8K_CTL/SDI = 1 at RESET rising edge), this pin indicates a 2B+D loopback:
0—No loopback.
1—eoc requested 2B+D loopback in progress.
Frame Strobe. If TDMEN = 0, this pin is a programmable strobe output used
to indicate appearance of B- and/or D-channel data on the TDM bus. Polarity, offset, and duration of FS are programmable through the microprocessor
interface (see register TDR0). FS will be disabled until at least one of bits
2—7 in register DFR1 is enabled.
■
4
SYN8K/LBIND/FS
O
* Iu = input with internal pull-up.
6
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Pin Information (continued)
Table 1. Pin Descriptions (continued)
Pin
5,
13
6
Symbol
VDDD
Type*
Name/Function
—
Digital Power. 5 V ± 5% power supply pins for digital circuitry.
ILOSS
Iu
7
FTE/
TDMDI
Iu
8
PS2E/
TDMDO
Id/O
9
PS1E/
TDMCLK
Id/O
Insertion Loss Test Control (Active-Low). The ILOSS pin is used to control SN1 tone
transmission for maintenance. The OPTOIN and ILOSS pins should not be used at the
same time (i.e., OPTOIN should be held high when ILOSS is active). This pin would typically be used if an external ANSI maintenance decoder is being used, in which case
the decoder output drives the ILOSS pin. The ILOSS pin is ignored, and the functionality
is controlled by the ILOSS bit (register CFR0, bit 0) if AUTOCTL = 0 (register GR0, bit
3). Internal 100 kΩ pull-up resistor on this pin.
0—U transmitter sends SN1 tone continuously.
1—No effect on device operation.
Fixed/Adaptive Timing Mode Select. If TDMEN = 1 (register GR2, bit 5, default),
selects S/T-interface timing recovery mode:
0—Fixed timing recovery mode.
1—Adaptive timing recovery mode.
TDM Data In. If TDMEN = 0, this pin is the TDM bus 2B+D data input synchronous with
TDMCLK, and the S/T-interface timing mode is controlled via the FT bit (register GR2,
bit 0). An internal 100 kΩ pull-up resistor is on this pin.
Power Status #2. If TDMEN = 1 (register GR2, bit 5, default), this is an input for the
PS2 bit in transmit U-interface data stream. See PS2 bit description (register GR1, bit
1) for PS1 and PS2 message definition. An internal 100 kΩ pull-down resistor is on this
pin.
TDM Data Out. If TDMEN = 0, this pin is the 2.048 MHz TDM bus 2B+D data output
synchronous with TDMCLK, and PS2 is controlled via the PS2 (register GR1, bit 1) microprocessor register bit.
Power Status #1. If TDMEN = 1 (register GR2, bit 5, default), this is an input for the
PS1 bit in transmit U-interface data stream. See PS2 bit description (register GR1,
bit 1) for PS1 and PS2 message definition. If PS1E is not driven by an external control
circuit, it must be pulled up externally with a 10 kΩ or less resistor to indicate the presence of primary power. An internal 100 kΩ pull-down resistor is on this pin.
TDM Clock. If TDMEN = 0, this pin is the 2.048 MHz TDM clock output synchronous
with U-interface (if active) or is free-running, and PS1 is controlled via the PS1 microprocessor register bit. TDMCLK will be disabled until at least one of bits 2—7 in register
DFR1 is enabled.
* Iu = input with internal pull-up; Id = input with internal pull-down.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
7
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Sheet
January 1998
Pin Information (continued)
Table 1. Pin Descriptions (continued)
Pin
11
12
Symbol
ACTMODE/
INT
SYN8K_CTL
/SDI
Type*
Iu/O
Id
14
SDO
O
15
AUTOACT/
SCK
Id
17
CKOUT
O
18
19
20
21
22, 33,
39, 42
23
GNDO
VDDO
X1
X2
VDDA
—
—
O
I
—
TNR
O
24
TPR
O
Name/Function
ACT Bit Mode. Upon exiting RESET, the state of ACTMODE/INT is read and if
ACTMODE/INT = 1 (default), bit ACTSEL = 1 (register GR2, bit 6). If ACTMODE/
INT= 0 (externally pulled down), then ACTSEL = 0. An internal 100 kΩ pull-up resistor is on this pin.
Serial Interface Microprocessor Interrupt (Active-Low). Interrupt output for microprocessor. Any active, unmasked bit in interrupt registers UIR0, SIR0, or MIR0
will cause INT to go low. The bits in the interrupt registers UIR0, SIR0, and MIR0
will be set on a true condition, independent of the state of the corresponding mask
bits. If a masked, active interrupt bit is subsequently unmasked, the INT pin will go
low to indicate an interrupt for that condition. Reading UIR0, SIR0, or MIR0 clears
the entire register and forces INT high for 50 µs. After this interval, INT will again
reflect the state of any unmasked bit in these registers. The global interrupt register
(GIRO) provides a summary status of the UIR0, SIR0, and MIR0 interrupt registers
and indicates if one of the registers currently has an active, unmasked interrupt bit.
SYN8K/LBIND Control. If this pin is low at the rising edge of RESET, the SYN8K/
LBIND/FS pin performs the SYN8K function. Otherwise, the pin performs the LBIND
function. An internal 100 kΩ pull-down resistor is on this pin.
Serial Interface Data Input. Data input for microprocessor interface.
Serial Interface Data Output. Data output for microprocessor interface. This pin is
3-stated at all times except for when a microprocessor read from the T7256 is taking
place.
Automatic Activation. If this pin is low at the rising edge of RESET, the AUTOACT
bit is written to 0, creating an activation attempt (see AUTOACT [register GR0, bit
6] description in Table 4). If pin is held high during external RESET, no activation is
attempted. An internal 100 kΩ pull-down resistor is on this pin.
Serial Interface Clock. Clock input for microprocessor interface.
Clock Output. Clock output function to drive other board components. Powerup default state is high-impedance to minimize power consumption. Programmable via
microprocessor register (register GR0, bits 1 and 2) to provide 15.36 MHz output or
10.24 MHz output. If U-interface is active, the 10.24 MHz output is synchronous with
U-interface timing.
Crystal Oscillator Ground. Ground lead for crystal oscillator.
Crystal Oscillator Power. Power supply lead for crystal oscillator.
Crystal #1. Crystal connection #1 for 15.36 MHz oscillator.
Crystal #2. Crystal connection #2 for 15.36 MHz oscillator.
Analog Power. 5 V ± 5% power supply leads for analog circuitry.
Transmit Negative Rail for S/T-Interface. Negative output of S/T-interface analog
transmitter. Connect to transformer through a 121 Ω ± 1% resistor.
Transmit Positive Rail for S/T-Interface. Positive output of S/T-interface analog
transmitter. Connect to transformer through a 121 Ω ± 1% resistor.
* Iu = input with internal pull-up; Id = input with internal pull-down.
8
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Pin Information (continued)
Table 1. Pin Description (continued)
Pin
25, 34,
40, 41
26
Symbol
GNDA
Type*
Name/Function
—
Analog Ground. Ground leads for analog circuitry.
RNR
I
27
RPR
I
28
VRCM
—
29
VRP
—
30
VRN
—
31
HN
I
32
LOP
O
35
LON
O
36
HP
I
37
SDINN
I
38
SDINP
I
43
RESET
Id
44
HIGHZ
Iu
Receive Negative Rail for S/T-Interface. Negative input of S/T-interface analog receiver. Connect to transformer through a 10 kΩ ± 10% resistor.
Receive Positive Rail for S/T-Interface. Positive input of S/T-interface analog receiver. Connect to transformer through a 10 kΩ ± 10% resistor.
Common-Mode Voltage Reference for U-Interface Circuits. Connect a
0.1 µF ± 20% capacitor to GNDA (as close to the device pins as possible).
Positive Voltage Reference for U-Interface Circuits. Connect a 0.1 µF ± 20% capacitor to GNDA (as close to the device pins as possible).
Negative Voltage Reference for U-Interface Circuits. Connect a 0.1 µF ± 20% capacitor to GNDA (as close to the device pins as possible).
Hybrid Negative Input for U-Interface. Connect directly to negative side of
U-interface transformer.
Line Driver Positive Output for U-Interface. Connect to the U-interface transformer
through a 16.9 Ω ± 1% resistor.
Line Driver Negative Output for U-Interface. Connect to the U-interface transformer through a 16.9 Ω ± 1% resistor.
Hybrid Positive Input for U-Interface. Connect directly to positive side of
U-interface transformer.
Sigma-Delta A/D Negative Input for U-Interface. Connect via an 820 pF ± 5%
capacitor to SDINP.
Sigma-Delta A/D Positive Input for U-Interface. Connect via an 820 pF ± 5%
capacitor to SDINN.
Reset (Active-Low). Asynchronous Schmitt trigger input. Reset halts data transmission, clears adaptive filter coefficients, resets the U-transceiver timing recovery circuitry, resets the S/T-interface transceiver, and sets all microprocessor register bits
to their default state. During reset, the U-interface transmitter produces 0 V and the
output impedance is 135 Ω at tip and ring. The RESET pin can be used to implement
quiet mode maintenance testing (refer to pin 2 for more description). The states of
pins 11, 12, and 15 (ACTMODE/INT, SYN8K_CTL/SDI, and AUTOACT/SCK, respectively) are latched on the rising edge of RESET. (See corresponding pin descriptions.)
An internal 100 kΩ pull-down resistor is on this pin. RESET must be held low for
1.5 ms after power on. Device is fully functional after an additional 1 ms.
High-Impedance Control (Active-Low). Control of the high-impedance function. An
internal 100 kΩ pull-up resistor is on this pin. Note: This pin does not 3-state the analog outputs.
0—All digital outputs enter high-impedance state.
1—No effect on device operation.
* Iu = input with internal pull-up; Id = input with internal pull-down.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
9
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Overview
The T7256 is intended for use in ISDN networks as part of a 2-wire to 4-wire converter (NT1) or as part of a terminal adapter (TA), providing 2-wire termination of the network with available voice and/or data ports. Local switching
of terminal voice/data is also supported by the T7256. Figure 3 shows the NT1 and TA applications. See Using the
T7256 in a Combination TE/TA Environment in the Application Briefs section for a detailed explanation of an application that has both TE and TA functions.
SWITCHING SYSTEM
NETWORK TERMINATION (NT1)
ISDN
TE
(TERMINAL
EQUIPMENT)
T7256
LT
ISDN LINE
CARD
LT
ISDN LINE
CARD
2-WIRE
2B1Q
4-WIRE
S/T
TERMINAL ADAPTER (TA)
TERMINAL
(e.g., RS–232)
AND POTS
CONNECTIONS
VOICE/
DATA
LOGIC
T7256
VOICE/DATA
PORTS
2-WIRE
2B1Q
5-2293 (C)
Figure 3. Applications of T7256
10
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Functional Overview
The T7256 device provides four major interfaces for
information transfer: the U-interface, the S/T-interface,
the microprocessor interface, and the time-division
multiplexed (TDM) bus interface (see Figure 1). Use of
the microprocessor and TDM bus interface is optional.
If the microprocessor and TDM interfaces aren’t
required, the T7234 SCNT1 Euro-LITE may be a more
cost-effective solution (see the T7234 SCNT1 EuroLITE Single-Chip NT1 Data Sheet). Similarly, if an S/Tinterface is not required, the T7237 may be a more
cost-effective solution (see the T7237 ISDN U-Interface
Transceiver Data Sheet). These devices are pin-compatible with the T7256, but have a reduced feature set
for cost-sensitive applications that don’t require the full
feature set of the T7256.
Routing of data between the S/T, U, and TDM interfaces is controlled by the data flow matrix that uses
register settings accessible via the microprocessor
port. The data flow matrix circuitry routes 2B+D information between the appropriate interfaces, under
direction of the microprocessor register settings. Routing between the T7256 interfaces allows configurations
to support both NT1 and TA applications.
The architecture of the T7256 allows for a flexible combination of automatically and manually controlled functions. A control flow state machine, eoc state machine,
and multiframing controller can be independently
enabled or disabled. When enabled, these circuit
blocks automatically perform their functions while
ignoring the associated control bits in the microprocessor registers. When disabled, the control bits are made
available to the microprocessor for manipulation. At all
times, the status bits are available to the microprocessor and the 2B+D data can be routed via the data flow
matrix.
The microprocessor interface is a serial communications port consisting of input data (SDI), output data
(SDO), input clock (SCK), and an output interrupt pin
(INT). The microprocessor interface supports synchronous communication between the T7256 and an inexpensive microprocessor with a serial port. The interrupt
is maskable via the onboard microprocessor interrupt
mask registers. The internal register set controls various functions including information routing between
interfaces, auto-eoc processing, maintenance testing,
S/T-interface timing recovery mode, S- and Q-channel
processing, microprocessor interrupt masks, activation
of the TDM bus, and frame strobe timing.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
The TDM interface consists of a TDM bus data clock
(TDMCLK), input data (TDMDI), output data (TDMDO),
and frame strobe (FS). The 2B+D data is transmitted
and received in fixed time slots on the TDM bus; however, the frame strobe output lead is programmable to
support a wide variety of devices (codecs, HDLC processors, asynchronous interfaces) for direct connection
on the TDM bus. The TDM bus exists as a selectable
option via the microprocessor interface. When the TDM
bus is activated, pins 4, 7, 8, and 9 are reconfigured to
form the bus interface.
The eoc state machine, when enabled, automatically
performs the eoc channel functions as described in the
ANSI requirements. When disabled, control of the eoc
channel is passed to the microprocessor via the appropriate microprocessor register bits.
The ANSI maintenance controller can operate in
fully automatic or in fully manual mode. In automatic
mode, the device decodes and responds to maintenance states according to the ANSI requirements. In
manual mode, the device is controlled by an external
maintenance decoder that drives the RESET and
ILOSS pins to implement the required maintenance
states.
The multiframing controller, when enabled, allows the S
and Q channels on the S/T-interface to be manipulated
by the microprocessor. When disabled, the S- and Qchannel bits are automatically loaded with their default
values for applications not supporting multiframing.
The control flow state machine performs the functions
of reserved bit insertion, automatic implementation of
the ANSI maintenance state machine, and automatic
prioritization of multiple requests, such as reset, activation, maintenance, etc. Some bits that are normally
controlled by the control flow state machine can be
forced to their active state by writing the appropriate
register (i.e., register GR1). When the control flow state
machine is disabled (via the AUTOCTL bit in register
GR0), the only change in the operation is that reserved
bit control and ANSI maintenance control are passed
directly to the microprocessor via register CFR0.
11
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Functional Overview (continued)
When the T7256 is powered on and there is no activity
on the S/T- or U-interfaces (i.e., no pending activation
request), it automatically enters a low-power IDLE
mode in which it consumes an average of 35 mW.
This mode is exited automatically when an activation or
U maintenance request occurs from either the microprocessor or the S/T- or U-interfaces. The T7256 provides a board-level test capability that allows functional
verification. Finally, an LED driver output indicates the
status of the device during operation.
U-Interface Frame Structure
Data is transmitted over the U-interface in 240-bit
groups called U frames. Each U frame consists of an
18-bit synchronization word or inverted synchronization
word (SW or ISW), 12 blocks of 2B+D data (216 bits),
and six overhead bits (M bits). A U-interface superframe consists of eight U frames grouped together. The
beginning of a U superframe is indicated by the
inverted sync word (ISW). The six overhead bits (M1—
M6) from each of the eight U frames, when taken
together, form the 48 M bits. Figure 4 shows how U
frames, superframes, and M bits are arranged.
Of the 48 M bits, 24 bits form the embedded operations
channel (eoc) for sending messages from the LT to the
NT and responses from the NT to the LT. There are two
eoc messages per superframe with 12 bits per eoc
message (eoc1 and eoc2). Another 12 bits serve as Uinterface control and status bits (UCS). The last 12 bits
form the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) which is calculated over the 2B+D data and the M4 bits of the previous superframe. Figure 5 and Table 2 show the
different groups of bits in the superframe.
U-FRAME SPAN = 1.5 ms
ISW[18]
(2B+D) x 12 [ 216 bits]
M[6]
U-SUPERFRAME SPAN = 12 ms
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
U6
U7
U8
U-INTERFACE M BITS [48]
5-2476 (C)
Figure 4. U-Interface Frame and Superframe
12
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
U-Interface Frame Structure (continued)
Bit #
Frame #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1—18
Sync
ISW
19—234
12(2B+D)
235
M1
236
M2
237
M3
238
M4
240
M6
CONTROL & STATUS (UCS)
eoc1
SW
239
M5
2B+D
crc
eoc2
Figure 5. U-Interface Superframe Bit Groups
Bit Assignments
Table 2. U-Interface Bit Assignment
Bit #
Frame #
1
2
3
4
5
1—18
Sync
ISW
SW
SW
SW
SW
19—234
12(2B+D)
2B+D
2B+D
2B+D
2B+D
2B+D
235
M1
eoca1
eocdm
eoci3
eoci6
eoca1
236
M2
eoca2
eoci1
eoci4
eoci7
eoca2
237
M3
eoca3
eoci2
eoci5
eoci8
eoca3
6
7
8
SW
SW
SW
2B+D
2B+D
2B+D
eocdm
eoci3
eoci6
eoci1
eoci4
eoci7
eoci2
eoci5
eoci8
238
M4
act
dea (ps1)*
R3, 4 (ps2)*
R4, 4 (ntm)*
R5, 4 (cso)*†
R6, 4
uoa (sai)*
aib (nib)*‡
239
M5
R1, 5
R2, 5
crc1
crc3
crc5
240
M6
R1, 6
febe
crc2
crc4
crc6
crc7
crc9
crc11
crc8
crc10
crc12
* LT(NT). Values in parentheses () indicate meaning at the NT.
† cso is fixed at 0 by the device to indicate both cold and warm start capability.
‡ nib is fixed at 1 by the device to indicate the link is normal.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
13
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
S/T-Interface Frame Structure
The S/T-interface transfers its subscriber line 2B+D
information as a 192 kbits/s full-duplex signal grouped
into frames of 48 bits with a period of 250 µs, as specified in the ITU-T I.430/ANSI T1.605 standard. Thirty-six
of the 48 bits sent in each direction convey user information (two 8-bit occurrences of each of the two B
channels, and four D-channel bits). The remaining
12 bits per frame are used for framing, control, dc balance, and maintenance. The frame structures are
shown in each direction in Figure 6.
In the bit stream transmitted from the terminal endpoint
(TE) to the network termination (NT), 4 bits are used for
framing (F and FA, each with a dc balancing bit L),
eight additional L bits are used to balance the 32 Bchannel bits, and 4 bits are D-channel bits.
form an echo channel for retransmission of the D-channel bits received from the TE, one additional L bit is
used to balance the contents of the entire frame, and
1 bit (A) is set to one when bit synchronization is
achieved between TE and NT as part of the INFO 4
state. One S bit is used for transmitting S subchannel
messages in an NT-to-TE multiframe.
The framing procedure uses bipolar line-code violations to establish synchronization. Since the last binary
0 of any frame is a positive pulse and the F bit is also
defined to be a positive pulse (see Figure 7), the first bit
of each frame represents a coding violation. In addition, the second bit of each frame, a balance bit, is a
negative pulse, and the next binary 0 in the frame is
forced to be negative, causing another violation. Both
bipolar violations allow framing and provide dc balance.
All other pulses follow the alternating convention.
For the NT-to-TE transmission, 4 bits (F with dc balancing bit L, FA, and N) are used for framing, one M bit
marks the start of a 20-frame multiframe, four E bits
ONE FRAME = 48 bits IN 250 µs
NT-TOTE
FRAME
TE-TONT
FRAME
F
EIGHT
B1 BITS
L
F
L
E D A FA N
EIGHT
B1 BITS
L D
EIGHT
B2 BITS
L FA L
E D M
EIGHT
B2 BITS
L
EIGHT
B1 BITS
D L
E D S
EIGHT
B1 BITS
L
EIGHT
B2 BITS
D L
E D
EIGHT
B2 BITS
L
L
D
L
BANDWIDTH = 192 kbits/s
5-2479 (C)
Figure 6. Frame Structures of NT and TE Frames
14
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
S/T-Interface Frame Structure (continued)
In the TE-to-NT direction, in at least four of five frames, this second violation occurs within 13 bits of the F bit. If this
coding algorithm is not maintained, the receiver loses synchronization, but the T7256 continues transmitting.
TIME
L F
48 1
48 bits IN 250 µs
L B1 B1
2
4
3
B1 B1 E D A FA N B2 B2
B2 E D M B1 B1
B1 E D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
23 24 25 26 27 28
34 35 36 37 38 39
S B2 B2
B2 E
D L
F
L
45 46 47 48 1
(NT TO TE)
FA/N BIT PAIR
INVERT TO FLAG
Q-BIT TRANSMISSION
+0
1
D L
F
B1
48 1
2
3
B1 L
4
D L FA L B2 B2
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
MULTIFRAME SYNC
BIT (OPTIONAL, ONCE
IN 20 FRAMES)
B2 L
D
L B1 B1
B1 L
23 24 25 26 27 28
D
L B2 B2
34 35 36 37 38 39
B2 L
D
L
45 46 47 48
–0
(TE TO NT)
2-bit OFFSET
F = Framing bit
L = dc balancing bit
D = D-channel bit
E = Echo D-channel bit
Q-BIT OPTION
(EVERY 5TH FRAME)
FA = Auxiliary framing bit or Q-channel bit
N = Bit set to binary value N = FA
A = Activation bit
S = S-channel bit
M = Multiframe synchronization bit
B1 = Bit within B channel 1
B2 = Bit within B channel 2
Signals from NT to TE
Signals from TE to NT
INFO 0
No signal.
INFO 0
INFO 2
Frame with all bits of B, D, and D echo (E) channels set to INFO 1
binary ZERO; bit A set to binary ZERO; N and L bits set according to the normal coding rules.
A continuous signal with the following pattern:
positive ZERO, negative ZERO, six ONEs.
INFO 4
Frames with operational data on B, D, and E channels; bit
A set to binary ONE.
Synchronized frames with operational data on B
and D channels.
INFO 3
No signal.
5-2480 (C)
Figure 7. Details of NT and TE Frames
Lucent Technologies Inc.
15
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
S/T-Interface Frame Structure (continued)
for each frame in which both the M and FA bits were set
to one by the NT, with Q2 through Q4 following at fiveframe intervals. (See Figure 8.)
The T7256 supports multiframing on the S/T-interface
in conjunction with an external microprocessor that is
used to enable multiframing and transmit and receive
S- and Q-channel messages. When multiframing is
enabled, the M bit in the NT-to-TE direction is set to a
one every 20 frames and the FA bit is set to one every
five frames. The TE recognizes these states and, in
returned frames immediately corresponding to those in
which the NT set the FA bit, replaces the FA bit it sends
to the NT with a Q bit (Q1 through Q4). Q1 is returned
The S-bit position in the NT-to-TE direction is divided
into five 4-bit subchannels during multiframing: SC1—
SC5. Message sets for subchannels SC3—SC5 are
not currently defined, and a message set for SC2 is
defined only in ANSI T1.605, but not ITU I.430 (see the
S/T-Interface Multiframing Controller Description section for more details). Figure 8 indicates the location of
the various S-subchannel bits during multiframing.
20-FRAME MULTIFRAME
19 20 1 2 3
(NT TO TE)
4 5
FA = 1
FA = 1
FA = Q1
FA = Q2
M BIT = 1
IN FRAME #1
MARKS START
OF MULTIFRAME
(TE TO NT)
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1
19 20 1 2
3 4 5
FA = 1
FA = 1
2
FA = 1
S BITS OCCUR IN BIT 37
OF EACH NT-TO-TE FRAME.
S-SUBCHANNEL #1 BITS—
SC11, SC12, SC13, AND SC14
APPEAR IN FRAMES 1, 6, 11,
AND 16.
S-SUBCHANNEL #2 BITS—
SC21, SC22, SC23, AND SC24
FA = Q1 APPEAR IN FRAMES 2, 7, 12,
AND 17.
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2
THE TE-TO-NT TRANSMISSION
HAS A NOMINAL 2-bit DELAY
RELATIVE TO THE NT-TO-TE FRAMES.
FA = Q3
FA = Q4
Q BITS OCCUR EVERY FIVE FRAMES. THERE ARE
FOUR Q BITS PER MULTIFRAME IN THE FA BIT
POSITION (BIT 14) OF FRAMES 1, 6, 11, AND 16.
5-2481.b (C)
Figure 8. Multiframing—S Subchannels and Q Subchannels
16
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
U-Interface Description
algorithm is applied. This data is then transferred to the
2B1Q encoder for transmission over the U-interface.
Signals received from the U-interface are first passed
through the sigma-delta A/D converter, and then sent
to the digital signal processor for more extensive signal
processing. The block provides decimation of the
sigma-delta output, linear and nonlinear echo cancellation, automatic gain control, signal detection, phase
shift interpolation, decision feedback equalization, timing recovery, descrambling, and line-code polarity
detection. The decision feedback equalizer circuit provides the functionality necessary for proper operation
on subscriber loops with bridged taps.
At the U-interface, the T7256 conforms to ANSI T1.601
and ETSI ETR 080 when used with the proper line
interface circuitry. The T7256 Reference Circuit
description in the Application Briefs section of this document describes a detailed example of a U-interface
circuit design.
The 2B1Q line code provides a four-level (quaternary)
pulse amplitude modulation code with no redundancy.
Data is grouped into pairs of bits for conversion to quaternary (quat) symbols. Figure 9 shows an example of
this coding method.
A crystal oscillator provides the 15.36 MHz master
clock for the device. The on-chip, phase-locked loop
provides the ability to synchronize the chip to the line
rate.
The U-interface transceiver section provides the 2B1Q
line coder (D/A conversion), pulse shaper, line driver,
first-order line balance network, clock regeneration,
and sigma-delta A/D conversion. The line driver, when
connected to the proper transformer and interface circuitry, generates pulses which meet the required 2B1Q
templates. The A/D converter is implemented by using
a double-loop, sigma-delta modulator.
The U-interface provides rapid cold start and warm
start operation. From a cold start, the device is typically
operational within four seconds. The interface supports
activation/deactivation, and when properly deactivated,
it stores the adaptive filter coefficients permitting a
warm start on the next activation request. A warm start
typically requires 200 ms for the device to become
operational.
The U transceiver block also takes input from the data
flow matrix and formats this information for the U-interface (see Figure 1). During this formatting, synchronization bits for U framing are added and a scrambling
+3
+1
–1
–3
QUAT SYMBOL
BIT CODING
–1
01
+3
10
+1
11
–3
00
–3
00
+1
11
+3
10
–3
00
–1
01
–1
01
+1
11
–1
01
–3
00
+3
10
+3
10
–1
01
+1
11
5-2294 (C)
Figure 9. U-Interface Quat Example
Lucent Technologies Inc.
17
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
S/T-Interface Description
At the S/T-interface, the 4-wire line transceiver meets
the ANSI T1.605 standard, ITU-T I.430 recommendation, and ETSI ETS 300 012 when used with the proper
line interface circuitry. Refer to the March 1996, T7903
ISA Multiport Wide Area Connection (ISA-MWAC)
Device Data Sheet (DS96-084ISDN). Appendix F of
the ISA-MWAC data sheet is an application brief that
contains detailed information concerning guidelines for
S/T line interface circuit design.
The S/T transceiver interprets the frames received from
the line and generates frames to be transmitted onto
the S/T link. It exchanges full-duplex 2B+D information
with the data flow matrix. The transceiver consists of
two sections, the transmitter and the receiver. The
transmitter is a voltage-limited current source. The
transmitted bits are timed by an internal 192 kHz clock
derived from the U-interface.
The transmitter employs a line coding technique
referred to in the standards as “pseudo-ternary coding
with 100% pulse width,” which is often referred to as
alternate space inversion (ASI) coding. ASI coding represents a logical 1 by the absence of a pulse and a logical 0 by alternating positive and negative pulses. ASI
is a differential strategy, with positive and negative rails
connecting to the transformer. Current flows through
the transformer only when there is a voltage difference
on the two rails. When a logical one or mark is being
sent, meaning no current is desired, both rails go to a
high-impedance condition. When a positive logical zero
(space) is transmitted, the positive rail forces current to
the negative rail through the transformer. The reverse
occurs for a negative zero. Table 3 and Figure 10 illustrate the ASI coding method.
Table 3. Line Transmission Code
Positive Rail
Z*
1
0
Negative Rail
Z*
0
1
Current
0
+1
–1
Logic
1
+0
–0
The adaptive timing mode can be used on any loop
configuration (point-to-point, extended passive bus,
short passive bus) in which round trip delays are
between 0 µs and 42 µs and differential delays
between TEs are between 0 µs and 3.1 µs. This
exceeds the requirement in the standards, which is
0—2 µs (see, for example, ITU-T I.430 section A.2.1.3
(p. 58). A differential delay of 0 µs is meaningful in the
case of a line transmitter and line receiver directly connected externally in a loopback configuration, so the
receiver can extract the 2B+D information correctly
from the transmitted stream.
A short passive bus configuration permits TEs to be
connected anywhere along the full length of the cable,
with the restriction that the total round trip delay must be
between 10 µs and 14 µs for all TEs. Thus, worst-case
differential delay between TEs can be as much as 4 µs.
If the differential delay is more than 3.1 µs, adaptive timing mode cannot be used. A fixed timing mode is available for this case. When using fixed timing, the input
stream is sampled 4.2 µs after the leading edge of each
192 kHz transmit bit interval. The fixed/adaptive timing
mode is controlled via the FTE pin if the TDM highway
is not enabled (TDMEN = 0 in register GR2, bit 5). Otherwise, it is controlled via the FT microprocessor bit
(register GR2, bit 0).
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
5-2295 (C)
Figure 10. S/T-Interface ASI Example
Microprocessor Interface Description
The microprocessor interface, used to control and
monitor the device, is compatible with most generalpurpose serial microprocessor interfaces using a synchronous mode of transmission. A detailed description
of the operation follows, and detailed timing information
is given in the Timing Characteristics section.
* Z = high impedance.
The line receiver is more complex. Since the loop
length to the subscriber(s) is variable, as is the number
of TEs on the loop (1 to 8), the receiver must be sufficiently intelligent to adjust for widely varying input
waveforms. The receiver uses a self-adjusting voltage
threshold comparator to adapt to various loop lengths.
It also features a digital timing recovery circuit employing either adaptive or fixed timing modes.
18
Registers
The on-chip registers are divided by major circuit block
and by status and control function. Microprocessor register control bits associated with the control flow state
machine, eoc state machine, and multiframing controller are ignored when those blocks are enabled (the
device controls the blocks automatically). When the
blocks are disabled, the control bits are used to drive
device operations. The functional summary of the registers and bits is shown in Figure 11.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
FUNCTION
ADD- REGR/W
RESS ISTER
BIT
7
6
5
2
1
0
R/W
RSV
AUTOACT
MULTIF
CRATE1
CRATE0
RESET
GR1
R/W
SAI1
SAI0
XPCY
ACTT
NTM
PS1
PS2
LPBK
02h
GR2
R/W
STOA
ACTSEL
TDMEN
U2BDLN
SXE
SRESET
SPWRUD
FT
DATA FLOW
CONTROL—U & S/T
B CHANNELS
03h
DFR0
R/W
SXB21
SXB20
SXB11
SXB10
UXB21
UXB20
UXB11
UXB10
DATA FLOW
CONTROL—D CHANNELS & TDM BUS
04h
DFR1
R/W
TDMDU
TDMB2U
TDMB1U
TDMDS
TDMB2S
TDMB1S
SXD
UXD
TDM BUS TIMING
CONTROL
05h
TDR0
R/W
CONTROL FLOW ST.
MACH. CONTROL—
MAINTEN./RSV. BITS
—
—
—
—
FSP
FSC2
FSC1
FSC0
06h
CFR0
R/W
—
—
R64T
R25T
R16T
R15T
AFRST
ILOSS
CONTROL FLOW ST.
MACH. STATUS
07h
CFR1
R
I4I
AIB
FEBE
NEBE
UOA
OOF
XACT
ACTR
CONTROL FLOW ST.
MACH. STATUS—
RESERVED BITS
08h
CFR2
R
—
R64R
R54R
R44R
R34R
R25R
R16R
R15R
09h
ECR0
R/W
CCRC
U2BDLT
UB2LP
UB1LP
DMT
A1T
A2T
A3T
0Ah
ECR1
R/W
I1T
I2T
I3T
I4T
I5T
I6T
I7T
I8T
eoc STATE MACHINE
STATUS—ADDRESS
0Bh
ECR2
R
—
—
—
—
DMR
A1R
A2R
A3R
eoc STATE MACHINE
STATUS—
INFORMATION
0Ch
ECR3
R
I1R
I2R
I3R
I4R
I5R
I6R
I7R
I8R
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
MCR0
MCR1
MCR2
MCR3
MCR4
MCR5
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Q1
SC11
SC21
SC31
SC41
SC51
Q2
SC12
SC22
SC32
SC42
SC52
Q3
SC13
SC23
SC33
SC43
SC53
Q4
SC14
SC24
SC34
SC44
SC54
U-INTERFACE INTERRUPT REGISTER
13h
UIR0
R
—
—
TSFINT
RSFINT
OUSC
BERR
ACTSC
EOCSC
U-INTERFACE INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER
14h
UIR1
R/W
—
—
TSFINTM
RSFINTM
OUSCM
BERRM
S/T-INTERFACE INTERRUPT REGISTER
15h
SIR0
R
—
—
—
—
I4C
SFECV
QSC
SOM
S/T-INTERFACE INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER
16h
SIR1
R/W
—
—
—
—
I4CM
SFECVM
QSCM
SOMM
MAINTENANCE INTERRUPT REGISTER
17h
MIR0
R
—
—
—
—
—
EMINT
ILINT
QMINT
MAINTENANCE INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER
18h
MIR1
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
EMINTM
ILINTM
QMINTM
GLOBAL INTERRUPT
REGISTER
19h
GIR0
R
—
—
—
—
—
MINT
SINT
UINT
GLOBAL DEVICE
CONTROL—DEVICE
CONFIGURATION
00h
GR0
GLOBAL DEVICE
CONTROL—
U-INTERFACE
01h
GLOBAL DEVICE
CONTROL—
S/T-INTERFACE
eoc STATE MACHINE
CONTROL—ADDRESS
4
3
AUTOEOC AUTOCTL
eoc STATE MACHINE
CONTROL—
INFORMATION
Q CHANNEL BITS
S SUBCHANNEL 1
S SUBCHANNEL 2
S SUBCHANNEL 3
S SUBCHANNEL 4
S SUBCHANNEL 5
ACTSCM EOCSCM
Figure 11. Functional Register Map (Addresses and Bit Assignments)
Lucent Technologies Inc.
19
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Sheet
January 1998
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 4. Global Device Control—Device Configuration (Address 00h)
Reg
R/W
GR0
R/W
Default State
on RESET
Register
GR0
GR0
GR0
GR0
GR0
20
Bit
0
Bit 7
Bit 6
Rsv. AUTOACT
1
AUTOACT/
SCK
Bit 5
MULTIF
1
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
AUTOEOC AUTOCTL CRATE1 CRATE0
1
1
1
1
Bit 0
RESET
1
Symbol
RESET
Name/Description
Reset. Same function as external RESET pin, except the state of the AUTOACT/
SCK, ACTMODE/INT, and SYN8K_CTL/SDI pins are not checked. Assertion of
this bit halts data transmission, clears adaptive filter coefficients, resets the S/Tinterface transceiver, and sets all microprocessor register bits (except itself) to
their default state. The microprocessor must write this bit back to a 1 to bring the
T7256 out of its RESET state. During reset, the U-interface transmitter produces
0 V and the output impedance is 135 Ω at tip and ring.
0—Reset.
1—No effect on device operation (default).
2—1 CRATE[1:0] CKOUT Rate Control.
00—Not used.
01—10.24 MHz synchronous with U-interface (if active); otherwise, freerunning.
10—15.36 MHz free-running.
11—3-state (default).
3
AUTOCTL Auto Control Enable. Enables automatic control of ANSI maintenance and reserved bit insertion. When AUTOCTL = 1, register CFR0 is ignored and the control flow state machine automatically controls ANSI maintenance functions and
reserved bit insertion. When AUTOCTL = 0, the microprocessor controls ANSI
maintenance functions and reserved bit insertion via register CFR0.
0—CFR0 functions controlled manually by microprocessor.
1—CFR0 functions controlled automatically.
4
AUTOEOC Automatic eoc Processor Enable. Enables eoc state machine which implements eoc processing per the ANSI standard. When AUTOEOC = 1, registers
ECR0—ECR1 are ignored. The eoc state machine only responds to addresses
000 and 111 as valid addresses.
0—eoc state machine disabled.
1—eoc state machine enabled (default).
5
MULTIF
Multiframing Control. Enables the multiframing controller and allows the microprocessor to access the S and Q channels. When disabled, multiframing is not
implemented (the NT transmits all 0s in the FA and M bit positions and all 1s in
the S bit positions to the TE). Also, register bits 3—0 in MCR0 are forced to 1 and
register bits 3—0 in MCR1—5 are forced to 0 when multiframing is disabled.
0—Multiframing controller enabled.
1—Multiframing controller disabled (default).
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 4. Global Device Control—Device Configuration (Address 00h) (continued)
Register
GR0
Bit
6
GR0
7
Symbol
Name/Description
AUTOACT Automatic Activation Control. Upon a 1-to-0 transition of the AUTOACT bit, the
control flow state machine attempts one activation of the U-interface. After the activation attempt, this bit is internally set to 1, automatically. If the AUTOACT/SCK pin
is low on the rising edge of RESET, AUTOACT is written to 0 and one activation attempt is made (see AUTOACT/SCK pin description in Table 1). Multiple activation attempts can be made by repeatedly writing 0s to this bit.
1—No activation attempt.
0—One activation attempt.
—
Reserved. Set to 1.
1—Default.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
21
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 5. Global Device Control—U-Interface (Address 01h)
Reg
R/W
GR1
R/W
Default State on RESET
Bit 7
SAI1
1
Register
GR1
Bit
0
Symbol
LPBK
GR1
1
PS2
GR1
2
PS1
GR1
3
NTM
GR1
4
ACTT
GR1
5
XPCY
GR1
7—6
SAI[1:0]
22
Bit 6
SAI0
1
Bit 5
XPCY
1
Bit 4
ACTT
0
Bit 3
NTM
1
Bit 2
PS1
1
Bit 1
PS2
1
Bit 0
LPBK
1
Name/Description
U-Interface Analog Loopback. Controls loopback of U-interface data
stream at the line interface. Loopback turns off the echo canceler and reconfigures the receive scrambler to match the transmit scrambler. The line
should be disconnected before this loopback test. This ensures that a sufficiently large echo is generated so that the device can detect the echo as
received data and synchronize to it.
0—U-interface analog loopback.
1—No effect on device operation (default).
Power Status #2. Controls PS2 bit in transmit U-interface data stream if
TDMEN = 0 (register GR2, bit 5). If TDMEN = 1, PS2 bit is ignored.
For ANSI T1.601 applications, PS1 and PS2 indicate the NT power status
via the following messages:
PS1
PS2
Power Status
0
0
Dying gasp.
0
1
Primary power out.
1
0
Secondary power out.
1
1
All power normal (default).
Power Status #1. Controls PS1 bit in transmit U-interface data stream if
TDMEN = 0 (register GR2, bit 5). If TDMEN = 1, PS1 bit is ignored. See
PS2 bit definition.
NT Test Mode. Controls ntm bit in transmit U-interface data stream and
indicates if the NT is in a customer-initiated test mode.
0—NT is currently in a customer-initiated test mode.
1—No effect on device operation (default).
Transmit Activation. Controls act bit in transmit U-interface data
stream.
0—No effect on device operation (default).
1—Ready to transmit.
Transparency. Controls data being transmitted at U-interface.
0—Enable data transparency.
1—No effect on device operation (default).
S/T-Interface Activity Indicator Control. Controls sai bit in transmit
U-interface data stream. For ANSI T1.601 applications, the sai bit is set to
1 to indicate to the network that there is activity (INFO 1 or INFO 3) at the
S/T reference point. Otherwise, it is set to 0. The SAI[1:0] bits provide the
following options for controlling the sai bit:
00—Forces sai to 0 on the U-interface.
01—Forces sai to 1 on the U-interface.
1X—sai is set internally according to S-interface activity
(default = 11).
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 6. Global Device Control—S/T-Interface (Address 02h)
Reg
R/W
GR2
R/W
Default State
on RESET
Register
GR2
Bit
0
GR2
1
GR2
2
GR2
3
GR2
4
GR2
5
Bit 7
STOA
1
Bit 6
ACTSEL
ACTMODE/
INT pin
Bit 5
TDMEN
1
Bit 4
U2BDLN
1
Bit 3
SXE
1
Bit 2
SRESET
1
Bit 1
SPWRUD
1
Bit 0
FT
1
Symbol
FT
Name/Description
Fixed/Adaptive Timing Control. Controls mode of timing recovery on S/T-interface if TDMEN = 0 (register GR2, bit 5). If TDMEN = 1, FT is ignored.
0—Fixed timing.
1—Adaptive timing (default).
SPWRUD S/T-Interface Powerdown Control. When 0, this bit forces the S/T-interface to
remain in a powerdown mode. This is the same low-power mode the S/T-interface
is in when the T7256 is in its IDLE state with no activity on the U- or S/T-interfaces. In this mode, all S/T-interface circuits are powered down, except for circuits
required to detect an activation request from a TE.
0—Powerdown.
1—Normal (default).
SRESET S/T-Interface Reset. While 0, this bit causes a reset of the S/T-interface, initializing the interface in the same manner as the external RESET pin. Must be set to
1 for normal operation.
0—Reset.
1—Normal (default).
SXE
S/T-Interface D-Channel Echo Bit Control. Controls data in E channel from NT
to TE on S/T-interface. This bit must be cleared during 2B+D loopbacks to meet
ITU-T I.430 requirements.
0—All 0s.
1—Echoes D channel from S/T receive path (default).
U2BDLN Nontransparent 2B+D Loopback Control. When 0, this bit causes a nontransparent loopback of 2B+D data from U receiver to U transmitter upstream of the
data flow matrix. Note that this loopback path is not as close to the S/T-interface
as the transparent loopback initiated by U2BDLT (register ECR0, bit 6). This loopback may be useful for test purposes. When this bit is set, the upstream data (NT
to LT direction) will be forced to all 1s until either ACTR = 1 (register CFR1, bit 0)
or XPCY = 0 (register GR1, bit 5).
0—2B+D loopback. All 1s 2B+D data is automatically generated towards the
TE.
1—No loopback (default).
TDMEN TDM Bus Select. Selects functions of pins 4, 7, 8, and 9.
0—TDM bus functions. Pins 4, 7, 8, and 9 configured as FS, TDMDI, TDMDO,
and TDMCLK, respectively. See DFR1 and TDR0 registers for TDM bus
programming details. Microprocessor register bits GR11, GR12, and GR20
control the PS2, PS1, and FT functions.
1—No TDM bus. Pins 4, 7, 8, and 9 configured as SYN8K/LBIND, FTE, PS2E,
and PS1E, respectively (default).
Lucent Technologies Inc.
23
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 6. Global Device Control—S/T-Interface (Address 02h) (continued)
Reg
R/W
GR2
R/W
Default State
on RESET
Bit 7
STOA
1
Register
GR2
Bit
6
Symbol
ACTSEL
GR2
7
STOA
24
Bit 6
Bit 5
ACTSEL
TDMEN
ACTMODE/
1
INT pin
Bit 4
U2BDLN
1
Bit 3
SXE
1
Bit 2
Bit 1
SRESET SPWRUD
1
1
Bit 0
FT
1
Name/Description
ACT Mode Select. Controls the state of the transmitted ACT bit when an eoc
loopback 2 (2B+D loopback) is requested. The loopback 2 occurs automatically if AUTOEOC = 1 (register GR0, bit 4). Otherwise, bit U2BDLT (register
ECR0, bit 6) must be set to 0. The loopback is accomplished in the device by
looping the output of the S/T transmitter back to the input of the S/T receiver
at the device pins (i.e., as close to the S/T-interface as possible). The S/T
transceiver will ignore any signals transmitted by the TE, and the T7256 will
synchronize to its own transmit signal causing INFO 3 to be reported. The initial state of ACTSEL is determined by the state of the ACTMODE/INT pin on
the rising edge of RESET.
0—act = 0 during loopback 2 (per ANSI T1.601). The data received at the
NT is looped back towards the LT as soon as the 2B+D loopback is enabled.
1—act = 1 during loopback 2 after INFO 3 is recognized at the S/T-interface
(per ETSI ETR 080). The data received by the NT is not looped back towards the LT until after ACT = 1 is received from the LT. Prior to this time,
2B+D data toward the LT is all 1s.
S/T Only Activation. Set to 0 to force an S/T activation when the U-interface
is inactive. When the U-interface is active, this bit is ignored. STOA is reset to
1 upon the receipt of a U-interface tone, an INFO1 or INFO3 signal, or a 1-to0 transition of AUTOACT (register GR0, bit 6).
0—Attempt an S/T only activation.
1—No effect on device operation (default).
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 7. Data Flow Control—U and S/T B Channels (Address 03h)
Reg
R/W
DFR0
R/W
Default State on RESET
Bit 7
SXB21
1
Register
DFR0
Bit
1—0
Symbol
UXB1[1:0]
DFR0
3—2
UXB2[1:0]
DFR0
5—4
SXB1[1:0]
DFR0
7—6
SXB2[1:0]
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Bit 6
SXB20
1
Bit 5
SXB11
1
Bit 4
SXB10
1
Bit 3
UXB21
1
Bit 2
UXB20
1
Bit 1
UXB11
1
Bit 0
UXB10
1
Name/Description
U-Interface Transmit Path Source for B1 Channel. Refer to point #1
in Figure 16.
00—Not used.
01—TDM bus.
10—All 1s.
11—S/T-interface receive (default).
U-Interface Transmit Path Source for B2 Channel. Refer to point #1
in Figure 16.
00—Not used.
01—TDM bus.
10—All 1s.
11—S/T-interface receive (default).
S/T-Interface Transmit Path Source for B1 Channel. Refer to point #2
in Figure 16.
00—Not used.
01—TDM bus.
10—S/T-interface receive (ITU-T I.430 Loop C for B1 channel).
11—U-interface receive (default).
S/T-Interface Transmit Path Source for B2 Channel. Refer to point #2
in Figure 16.
00—Not used.
01—TDM bus.
10—S/T-interface receive (ITU-T I.430 Loop C for B2 channel).
11—U-Interface receive (default).
25
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 8. Data Flow Control—D Channels and TDM Bus (Address 04h)
Bits 2—7 are enabled only if TDMEN = 0 (register GR2, bit 5). The TDMCLK and FS outputs are activated if any
one of bits 2—7 is enabled. The TDMDO output is activated during time slots enabled by programming bits 2—7.
Reg
R/W
DFR1
R/W
Default State on RESET
Register Bit
DFR1
0
26
DFR1
1
DFR1
2
DFR1
3
DFR1
4
DFR1
5
DFR1
6
DFR1
7
Bit 7
TDMDU
1
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
TDMB2U TDMB1U TDMDS TDMB2S TDMB1S
1
1
1
1
1
Bit 1
SXD
1
Bit 0
UXD
1
Symbol
Name/Description
UXD
U-Interface Transmit Path Source for D Channel. Refer to point #1 in Figure 16.
0—TDM bus.
1—S/T-interface receive (default).
SXD
S/T-Interface Transmit Path Source for D Channel. Refer to point #2 in Figure 16.
0—TDM bus.
1—U-interface receive (default).
TDMB1S TDM Bus Transmit Control for B1 Channel from S/T-Interface. Refer to point #3 in
Figure 16. Controls transmit time slot allocated on TDM bus for B1 channel derived
from S/T-interface receiver.
0—Time slot enabled.
1—Time slot disabled (high impedance) (default).
TDMB2S TDM Bus Transmit Control for B2 Channel from S/T-Interface. Refer to point #3 in
Figure 16. Controls transmit time slot allocated on TDM bus for B2 channel derived
from S/T-interface receiver.
0—Time slot enabled.
1—Time slot disabled (high impedance) (default).
TDMDS TDM Bus Transmit Control for D Channel from S/T-Interface. Refer to point #3 in
Figure 16. Controls transmit time slot allocated on TDM bus for D channel derived from
S/T-interface receiver.
0—Time slot enabled.
1—Time slot disabled (high impedance) (default).
TDMB1U TDM Bus Transmit Control for B1 Channel from U-Interface. Refer to point #3 in
Figure 16. Controls transmit time slot allocated on TDM bus for B1 channel derived
from U-interface receiver.
0—Time slot enabled.
1—Time slot disabled (high impedance) (default).
TDMB2U TDM Bus Transmit Control for B2 Channel from U-Interface. Refer to point #3 in
Figure 16. Controls transmit time slot allocated on TDM bus for B2 channel derived
from U-interface receiver.
0—Time slot enabled.
1—Time slot disabled (high impedance) (default).
TDMDU TDM Bus Transmit Control for D Channel from U-Interface. Refer to point #3 in
Figure 16. Controls transmit time slot allocated on TDM bus for D channel derived from
U-interface receiver.
0—Time slot enabled.
1—Time slot disabled (high impedance) (default).
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 9. TDM Bus Timing Control (Address 05h)
Bits 0—4 are enabled only if TDMEN = 0 (register GR2, bit 5) and one or more of bits DFR1[2:7] are set to 0.
Reg
R/W
TDR0
R/W
Default State on RESET
Bit 7
—
—
Register
TDR0
Bit
2—0
Symbol
FSC[2:0]
TDR0
3
FSP
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Bit 6
—
—
Bit 5
—
—
Bit 4
—
—
Bit 3
FSP
1
Bit 2
FSC2
1
Bit 1
FSC1
1
Bit 0
FSC0
1
Name/Description
Frame Strobe (FS) Control. Selects location of strobe envelope within
TDM bus time slots.
000—S/T-interface 2B+D channel strobe (18-bit envelope).
001—U-interface 2B+D channel strobe (18-bit envelope).
010—S/T-interface B2 channel strobe (8-bit envelope).
011—U-interface B2 channel strobe (8-bit envelope).
100—S/T-interface D channel strobe (2-bit envelope).
101—U-interface D channel strobe (2-bit envelope).
110—S/T-interface B1 channel strobe (8-bit envelope).
111—U-interface B1 channel strobe (8-bit envelope) (default).
Frame Strobe (FS) Polarity.
0—Active-low envelope.
1—Active-high envelope (default).
27
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 10. Control Flow State Machine Control—Maintenance/Reserved Bits (Address 06h)
This register has no effect on device operation if AUTOCTL = 1 (register GR0, bit 3).
Reg
R/W
CFR0
R/W
Default State on RESET
Bit 7
—
—
Register
CFR0
Bit
0
Symbol
ILOSS
CFR0
1
AFRST
CFR0
3—2
R[16:15]T
CFR0
4
R25T
CFR0
5
R64T
28
Bit 6
—
—
Bit 5
R64T
1
Bit 4
R25T
1
Bit 3
R16T
1
Bit 2
R15T
1
Bit 1
AFRST
1
Bit 0
ILOSS
1
Name/Description
Insertion Loss Test Control. The insertion loss test mode is initiated
by setting AFRST = 0 and ILOSS = 0, and then setting AFRST = 1.
When enabled, the U-interface transmitter continuously transmits the
sequence SN1. The U-interface receiver remains reset. The U-interface
transceiver performs an internal reset when the ILOSS bit returns to its
inactive state.
0—U-transmitter sends SN1 tone continuously.
1—No effect on device operation (default).
Adaptive Filter Reset. U-transceiver reset. Assertion of this bit halts Uinterface data transmission and clears adaptive filter coefficients. During AFRST, the U transmitter produces 0 V and has an output impedance of 135 Ω. If the microprocessor interface is being used, the AFRST
bit should be used to place the device in quiet mode for U-interface
maintenance procedures. Assertion of AFRST does not reset the S/T
transceiver, microprocessor register bits, or the U-interface timing recovery.
0—U-transceiver reset.
1—No effect on device operation (default).
Transmit Reserved Bits. Controls R1, 6 and R1, 5 in transmit
U-interface data stream.
11—(Default.)
Transmit Reserved Bit. Controls R2, 5 in transmit U-interface data
stream.
1—(Default.)
Transmit Reserved Bit. Controls R6, 4 in transmit U-interface data
stream.
1—(Default.)
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 11. Control Flow State Machine Status (Address 07h)
Reg
CFR1
Register
CFR1
R/W
R
Bit 7
I4I
Bit
0
Bit 6
AIB
Symbol
ACTR
CFR1
1
XACT
CFR1
2
OOF
CFR1
3
UOA
CFR1
4
NEBE
CFR1
5
FEBE
CFR1
CFR1
6
7
Bit 5
FEBE
Bit 4
NEBE
Bit 3
UOA
Bit 2
OOF
Bit 1
XACT
Bit 0
ACTR
Name/Description
Receive Activation. Follows act bit in receive U-interface data stream.
0—Pending activation.
1—Ready to transmit.
U-Transceiver Active.
0—Transceiver not active.
1—Transceiver starting up or active.
Out of Frame.
0—U-interface out of frame.
1—Normal.
U-Interface Only Activation. Follows uoa bit in receive U-interface data
stream.
0—U-interface only for activation.
1—U-interface and S/T-interface for activation.
Near-End Block Error. Follows nebe bit in receive U-interface data
stream.
0—CRC error detected in previously received U frame.
1—No error.
Far-End Block Error. Follows febe bit in receive U-interface data
stream.
AIB
0—Error detected at LT.
1—No error.
Alarm Indication Bit. Follows aib in receive U-interface data stream.
I4I
0—Failure of intermediate 2B+D transparent element.
1—Transmission path established between LT and NT.
INFO 4 Indicator.
0—Non-INFO 4.
1—INFO 4.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
29
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 12. Control Flow State Machine Status—Reserved Bits (Address 08h)
Reg
CFR2
R/W
R
Register
CFR2
Bit
1—0
CFR2
2
CFR2
6—3
30
Bit 7
—
Bit 6
R64R
Bit 5
R54R
Bit 4
R44R
Bit 3
R34R
Bit 2
R25R
Bit 1
R16R
Bit 0
R15R
Symbol
R[16:15]R
Name/Description
Receive Reserved Bits. Follows R1, 5 and R1, 6 in receive U-interface
data stream.
R25R
Receive Reserved Bits. Follows R2, 5 in receive U-interface data
stream.
R[64:54:44:34]R Receive Reserved Bits. Follows R3, 4; R4, 4; R5, 4; and R6, 4 in receive Uinterface data stream.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 13. eoc State Machine Control—Address (Address 09h)
This register has no effect on device operation if AUTOEOC = 1 (register GR0, bit 4).
Reg
R/W
ECR0
R/W
Default State on RESET
Bit 7
CCRC
1
Register
ECR0
Bit
0—2
Symbol
A[3:1]T
ECR0
3
DMT
ECR0
4
UB1LP
ECR0
5
UB2LP
ECR0
6
U2BDLT
ECR0
7
CCRC
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Bit 6
U2BDLT
1
Bit 5
UB2LP
1
Bit 4
UB1LP
1
Bit 3
DMT
1
Bit 2
A1T
0
Bit 1
A2T
0
Bit 0
A3T
0
Name/Description
Transmit eoc Address.
000—NT address (default).
111—Broadcast address.
Transmit eoc Data or Message Indicator.
0—Data.
1—Message (default).
U-Interface Loopback of B1 Channel Control. Control for U-interface
transparent B1 loopback. UB1LP and UB2LP may be enabled concurrently.
0—B1 channel loopback from U-interface receive to U-interface transmit upstream of data flow matrix.
1—No loopback (default).
U-Interface Loopback of B2 Channel Control. Control for U-interface
transparent B2 loopback. UB1LP and UB2LP may be enabled concurrently.
0—B2 channel loopback from U-interface receive to U-interface transmit upstream of data flow matrix.
1—No loopback (default).
Transparent 2B+D Loopback Control. When activated, this bit causes
a transparent 2B+D loopback from S/T transmitter to S/T receiver at the
device pins (i.e., as close as possible to the S/T-interface) according to
ITU-T I.430 Loop2. Any signals from the TE are ignored during this loopback.
0—Transparent 2B+D loopback:
The microprocessor must clear the D-channel echo bit control
(SXE = 0) and data flow matrix (SXB10 = SXB11 = SXB20 = SXB21
= SXD = UXB10 = UXB11 = UXB20 = UXB21 = UXD = 1) for proper
operation of the loopback.
1—No loopback (default).
Corrupt Cyclic Redundancy Check. Used to corrupt the CRC information transmitted at the U-interface.
0—Corrupt CRC generation.
1—Generate correct CRC (default).
31
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 14. eoc State Machine Control—Information (Address 0Ah)
This register has no effect on device operation if AUTOEOC = 1 (register GR0, bit 4).
Reg
R/W
ECR1
R/W
Default State on RESET
Register
ECR1
Bit
0—7
Bit 7
I1T
1
Symbol
I[8:1]T
Bit 6
I2T
1
Bit 5
I3T
1
Bit 4
I4T
1
Bit 3
I5T
1
Bit 2
I6T
1
Bit 1
I7T
1
Bit 0
I8T
1
Name/Description
Transmit eoc Information. These bits are transmitted as the eoc channel message when in manual eoc mode.
See eoc State Machine Description section for a list of possible eoc
messages.
Table 15. eoc State Machine Status—Address (Address 0Bh)
This register contains the currently received eoc address and data/message indicator bits independent of the state
of AUTOEOC (register GR0, bit 4).
Reg
ECR2
R/W
R
Bit 7
—
Bit 6
—
Register
ECR2
Bit
0—2
Symbol
A[3:1]R
ECR2
3
DMR
Bit 5
—
Bit 4
—
Bit 3
DMR
Bit 2
A1R
Bit 1
A2R
Bit 0
A3R
Name/Description
Receive eoc Address. These bits store the received eoc address.
000 = NT address.
001—110 = Intermediate element addresses.
111 = Broadcast address.
Receive eoc Data or Message Indicator.
0—Data.
1—Message.
Table 16. eoc State Machine Status—Information (Address 0Ch)
This register contains the currently received eoc information bits independent of the state of AUTOEOC (register
GR0, bit 4).
Reg
ECR3
Register
ECR3
32
R/W
R
Bit
0—7
Bit 7
I1R
Bit 6
I2R
Symbol
I[8:1]R
Bit 5
I3R
Bit 4
I4R
Bit 3
I5R
Bit 2
I6R
Bit 1
I7R
Bit 0
I8R
Name/Description
Receive eoc Information. Receive eoc channel message or data.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 17. Q-Channel Bits (Address 0Dh)
These register bits are forced to 1 if MULTIF = 1 (register GR0, bit 5) and during RESET.
Reg
MCR0
Register
MCR0
R/W
R
Bit 7
—
Bit
0—3
Bit 6
—
Symbol
Q[4:1]
Bit 5
—
Bit 4
—
Bit 3
Q1
Bit 2
Q2
Bit 1
Q3
Bit 0
Q4
Name/Description
Q-Channel Bits. Four bits reflecting the four Q bits (Q1—Q4) received
in the last completed multiframe. Bits are loaded at the end of the multiframe.
Table 18. S Subchannels 1—5 (Address 0Eh—12h)
These register bits have no effect on device operation and are set to 0 if MULTIF = 1. Refer to the S/T-Interface
Multiframing Controller Description section for more detail on using S and Q channels.
Reg
R/W
MCR1
R/W
MCR2
R/W
MCR3
R/W
MCR4
R/W
MCR5
R/W
Default State on RESET
Register
MCR1
MCR2
MCR3
MCR4
MCR5
Bit
0—3
0—3
0—3
0—3
0—3
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Bit 7
—
—
—
—
—
—
Symbol
SC1[4:1]
SC2[4:1]
SC3[4:1]
SC4[4:1]
SC5[4:1]
Bit 6
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit 5
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit 4
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit 3
SC11
SC21
SC31
SC41
SC51
0
Bit 2
SC12
SC22
SC32
SC42
SC52
0
Bit 1
SC13
SC23
SC33
SC43
SC53
0
Bit 0
SC14
SC24
SC34
SC44
SC54
0
Name/Description
S Subchannel 1.
S Subchannel 2.
S Subchannel 3.
S Subchannel 4.
S Subchannel 5.
33
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 19. U-Interface Interrupt Register (Address 13h)
These bits are cleared during RESET.
Reg
R/W
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
UIR0
R
—
—
TSFINT
RSFINT
OUSC
BERR
ACTSC
EOCSC
Register
UIR0
Bit
0
Symbol
EOCSC
UIR0
1
ACTSC
UIR0
2
BERR
UIR0
3
OUSC
UIR0
4
RSFINT
UIR0
5
TSFINT
34
Name/Description
eoc State Change on U-Interface. Activates (set to 1) when the received eoc message changes state. Bit is cleared on read. See eoc
State Machine Description section for details.
0—No change in eoc state.
1—eoc state change.
Activation/Deactivation State Change on U-Interface. Activates (set
to 1) during changes in the status bits monitoring U-interface activation
and deactivation (ACTR and XACT, register CFR1, bits 0 and 1). Bit
cleared on read.
0—No activation/deactivation activity.
1—Change in state of activation/deactivation bits.
Block Error on U-Interface. Activates (set to 1) when received signal
contains either a near-end (NEBE = 0) or a far-end (FEBE = 0) block error. Bit cleared on read.
0—No block errors.
1—Block error.
Other U-Interface State Change. Activates (set to 1) when any of the
following bits change state: OOF, UOA, AIB, and Rx, y (all reserved Uinterface status bits). Bit cleared on read.
0—No state change.
1—State change.
Receive Superframe Interrupt. Activates (set to 1) when the receive
superframe boundary occurs. Bit cleared on read.
0 to 1—First 2B+D data of the receive U superframe.
Transmit Superframe Interrupt. Activates (set to 1) when the transmit
superframe boundary occurs. Bit cleared on read.
0 to 1—First 2B+D data of the transmit U superframe.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 20. U-Interface Interrupt Mask Register (Address 14h)
Reg
R/W
UIR1
R/W
Default State
on RESET
Bit 7
—
—
Bit 6
—
—
Register
UIR1
Bit
0
Symbol
EOCSCM
UIR1
1
ACTSCM
UIR1
2
BERRM
UIR1
3
OUSCM
UIR1
4
RSFINTM
UIR1
5
TSFINTM
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Bit 5
Bit 4
TSFINTM RSFINTM
1
1
Bit 3
OUSCM
1
Bit 2
BERRM
1
Bit 1
ACTSCM
1
Bit 0
EOCSCM
1
Name/Description
eoc State Change on U-Interface Mask.
0—EOCSC interrupt enabled.
1—EOCSC interrupt disabled (default).
Activation/Deactivation State Change on U-Interface Mask.
0—ACTSC interrupt enabled.
1—ATCSC interrupt disabled (default).
Block Error on U-Interface Mask.
0—BERR interrupt enabled.
1—BERR interrupt disabled (default).
Other U-Interface State Change Mask.
0—OUSC interrupt enabled.
1—OUSC interrupt disabled (default).
Receive Superframe Interrupt Mask.
0—RSFINT interrupt enabled.
1—RSFINT interrupt disabled (default).
Transmit Superframe Interrupt Mask.
0—TSFINT interrupt enabled.
1—TSFINT interrupt disabled (default).
35
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 21. S/T-Interface Interrupt Register (Address 15h)
These bits are cleared during RESET.
Reg
SIR0
R/W
R
Bit 7
—
Bit 6
—
Register
SIR0
Bit
0
Symbol
SOM
SIR0
1
QSC
SIR0
2
SFECV
SIR0
3
I4C
Bit 5
—
Bit 4
—
Bit 3
I4C
Bit 2
SFECV
Bit 1
QSC
Bit 0
SOM
Name/Description
Start of Multiframe. Activates (set to 1) upon transmission of the F bit that begins
a multiframing interval toward the TE. Bit is cleared on read.
0 to 1—Start of multiframe.
Q-Bits State Change. Activates (set to 1) when the set of four Q bits received in
a multiframe differs from the set of Q bits received in the previous multiframe. Bit
is cleared on read.
0—No state change.
1—State change.
S-Channel Far-End Code Violation. Activates when an illegal line code violation
or extra/missing bipolar violations are detected in the S/T-interface data stream.
Changes on multiframe boundary. Only active if MULTIF = 0 (register GR0, bit 5)
and a transparent Loop2 is not in effect. Bit is cleared on read.
0—No code violations.
1—At least one code violation.
INFO 4 Change.
0—No INFO 4 state change.
1—INFO 4 state change.
Table 22. S/T-Interface Interrupt Mask Register (Address 16h)
Reg
R/W
SIR1
R/W
Default State on RESET
Bit 7
—
—
Register
SIR1
Bit
0
Symbol
SOMM
SIR1
1
QSCM
SIR1
2
SFECVM
SIR1
3
I4CM
36
Bit 6
—
—
Bit 5
—
—
Bit 4
—
—
Bit 3
I4CM
1
Bit 2
SFECVM
1
Bit 1
QSCM
1
Bit 0
SOMM
1
Name/Description
Start of Multiframe Mask.
0—SOM interrupt enabled.
1—SOM interrupt disabled (default).
Q-Bits State Change Mask.
0—QSC interrupt enabled.
1—QSC interrupt disabled (default).
S-Subchannel Far-End Code Violation Mask.
0—SFECVM interrupt enabled.
1—SFECVM interrupt disabled (default).
INFO 4 Change Mask.
0—I4C interrupt enabled.
1—I4C interrupt disabled (default).
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 23. Maintenance Interrupt Register (Address 17h)
These bits are cleared during RESET.
Reg
MIR0
R/W
R
Bit 7
—
Bit 6
—
Register
MIR0
Bit
0
Symbol
QMINT
MIR0
1
ILINT
MIR0
2
EMINT
Bit 5
—
Bit 4
—
Bit 3
—
Bit 2
EMINT
Bit 1
ILINT
Bit 0
QMINT
Name/Description
Quiet Mode Interrupt. Activates (set to 1) when the ANSI maintenance
state machine detects a request on the OPTOIN pin for the device to enter the quiet mode. Bit is cleared on read.
0—No quiet mode request.
1—Quiet mode requested.
Insertion Loss Interrupt. Activates (set to 1) when the ANSI maintenance state machine has detected a request on the OPTOIN pin for the
device to transmit the SN1 tone on the U-interface. Bit is cleared on read.
0—No SN1 tone request.
1—SN1 tone requested.
Exit Maintenance Mode Interrupt. Activates (set to 1) when the ANSI
maintenance state machine detects a request on the OPTOIN pin for the
device to exit the current maintenance mode. Bit is cleared on read.
0—No exit request.
1—Exit requested.
Table 24. Maintenance Interrupt Mask Register (Address 18h)
Reg
R/W
MIR1
R/W
Default State on RESET
Bit 7
—
—
Register
MIR1
Bit
0
Symbol
QMINTM
MIR1
1
ILINTM
MIR1
2
EMINTM
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Bit 6
—
—
Bit 5
—
—
Bit 4
—
—
Bit 3
—
—
Bit 2
EMINTM
1
Bit 1
ILINTM
1
Bit 0
QMINTM
1
Name/Description
Quiet Mode Interrupt Mask.
0—QMINT interrupt enabled.
1—QMINT interrupt disabled (default).
Insertion Loss Interrupt Mask.
0—ILINT interrupt enabled.
1—ILINT interrupt disabled (default).
Exit Maintenance Mode Interrupt Mask.
0—EMINT interrupt enabled.
1—EMINT interrupt disabled (default).
37
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Registers (continued)
Table 25. Global Interrupt Register (Address 19h)
These bits are cleared during RESET.
Reg
GIR0
R/W
R
Bit 7
—
Bit 6
—
Register
GIR0
Bit
0
Symbol
UINT
GIR0
1
SINT
GIR0
2
MINT
38
Bit 5
—
Bit 4
—
Bit 3
—
Bit 2
MINT
Bit 1
SINT
Bit 0
UINT
Name/Description
U-Transceiver Interrupt. Activates (set to 1) when any of the unmasked
U-transceiver interrupt bits (register UIR0) activate.
0—No U-transceiver interrupts.
1—U-transceiver interrupt active.
S/T-Transceiver Interrupt. Activates (set to 1) when any of the unmasked S/T-transceiver interrupt bits (register SIR0) activate.
0—No S/T-transceiver interrupts.
1—S/T-transceiver interrupt active.
Maintenance Interrupt. Activates (set to 1) when any of the unmasked
maintenance interrupt bits (register MIR0) activate.
0—No maintenance interrupts.
1—Maintenance interrupt active.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Timing
The microprocessor interface is compatible with any microprocessor that supports a synchronous serial microprocessor port such as the following:
■
■
■
NEC1 75402
Motorola 2 MC68HC05 and MC68302 SCP port
Intel 3 80C51
11
INT
INTERRUPT IN
15
SCK
CLOCK OUT
NEC OR
Motorola
MICROPROCESSOR
T7256
14
DATA IN
SDO
12
SDI
DATA OUT
5-2300 (C)
Figure 12. NEC and Motorola Microprocessor Port Connections
The synchronous interface consists of the microprocessor input clock (SCK), serial data input (SDI), and serial
data output (SDO). A microprocessor interrupt lead (INT) is also included. These connections are shown in Figure
12 for applications using either NEC or Motorola microprocessors. Figure 13 shows the connections for applications using a multiplexed data out/in scheme such as the Intel 80C51 or equivalent.
INT
SCK
11
INTERRUPT IN
15
CLOCK OUT
T7256
14
SDO
12
SDI
Intel
80C51
OR EQUIVALENT
MICROPROCESSOR
DATA OUT/IN
5-2301 (C)
Figure 13. Intel Microprocessor Port Connections
1. NEC is a registered trademark of NEC Electronics, Inc.
2. Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola, Inc.
3. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
39
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Microprocessor Interface Description (continued)
Timing (continued)
≤300 µs
≥10 µs
≥10 µs
SCLK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
SHIFT IN
SDI
CA7
CA6
CA5
CA4
CA3
CA2
CA1
CA0
DI7
ADDRESS
4
5
6
7
8
1
DI6
DI5
DI4
DI3
DI2
DI1
DI0
CA7
DO1
DO0
DATA SHIFT OUT
DO7 DO6 DO5 DO4 DO3 DO2
DON'T CARE
MSB
3
SAMPLE SHIFT IN
COMMAND
SDO
2
LSB
MSB
LSB
Note: If SCLK is initially low, it must be held high for >300 µs before its first falling edge. From that point forward, the above timing applies.
5-2302 (C)
Figure 14. Synchronous Microprocessor Port Interface Format
Figure 14 shows the basic transfer format. All data
transfers are initiated by the microprocessor, although
the interrupt may indicate to the microprocessor that a
register read or write is required. The microprocessor
should normally hold the SCK pin high during inactive
periods and only make transitions during register transfers. The maximum clock rate of SCK is 960 kHz. Data
changes on the falling edge of SCK and is latched on
the rising edge of SCK.
Each complete serial transfer consists of 2 bytes
(8 bits/byte). The first byte of data received over the
SDI pin from the microprocessor consists of
command/address information that includes a 5-bit register address in the least significant bit positions
(CA4—CA0) and a 3-bit command field in the most significant bit positions (CA7—CA5). The byte is defined
as follows:
■
Bits CA7—CA5: 001 = read, 010 = write, all other bit
patterns will be ignored.
■
Bits CA4—CA0: 00000 = register address 0,
00001 = register address 1, etc.
40
The second byte of data received over the SDI pin consists of write data for CA7—CA5 = 010 (write) or don't
care information for CA7—CA5 = 001 (read).
The data transmitted over the SDO pin to the microprocessor during the first byte transfer is a don't care for
both read and write operations. The second byte transmitted over the SDO pin consists of read data for CA7—
CA5 = 001 (read) or don't care information for CA7—
CA5 = 010 (write).
In order for the T7256 to recognize the identity (command/address or data) of the byte being received, it is
required that the time allowed to transfer an entire
instruction (time from the receipt of the first bit of the
command/address byte to the last bit of the data byte)
be limited to less than 300 µs. This limits the minimum
SCK rate to 60 kHz. If the complete instruction is
received in less than 300 µs, the T7256 accepts the
instruction immediately and is ready to receive the next
instruction after a 10 µs delay. If the complete instruction is not received within 300 µs, the bits received in
the previous 300 µs are discarded and the interface is
prepared to receive a new instruction after a 10 µs
delay. In addition, a minimum 10 µs delay must exist
between the command/address and data bytes.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Microprocessor Interface Description
(continued)
Timing (continued)
For microprocessors using a multiplexed data out/in pin
to drive SDI and SDO (as shown in Figure 13), a read
instruction to T7256 will require that the microprocessor data in/out pin be an output during the command/
address byte written to T7256, and then switch to an
input to read the data byte T7256 presents on the SDO
pin in response to the read command. In this case, the
microprocessor data in/out pin must 3-state within
1.46 µs of the final SCK rising edge of the command/
address byte to ensure that there is no contention
between the microprocessor data out pin and the
T7256 SDO pin.
Time-Division Multiplexed (TDM) Bus
Description
The TDM bus facilitates B1-, B2-, and D-channel communication between the T7256 and peripheral devices
such as codecs, HDLC processors, time-slot interchangers, synchronous data interfaces, etc. The following list is a subset of the devices that can connect
directly to the T7256 TDM bus:
■
Lucent T7570 and T7513 Codecs
■
Lucent T7270 Time-Slot Interchanger
■
Lucent T7121 HDLC Formatter
■
National Semiconductor*3070 Codec
The bus can be used to extract data from S/T- or
U-interface receivers, process the data externally, and
source data to the appropriate transmitters with the
processed data. The bus can also be used to simply
monitor 2B+D channel data flow within the T7256 without modifying it. The bus also supports board-level testing procedures using in-circuit techniques (see the
Board-Level Testing section for more details). Upon
powerup, the TDM bus is not selected. Pins 4, 7, 8, and
9 form the TDM bus when TDMEN is set to 0 (register
GR2, bit 5).
The TDM bus consists of a 2.048 MHz output clock
(TDMCLK), data in (TDMDI), data out (TDMDO), and a
programmable frame strobe lead (FS). The frame
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
strobe timing can be configured via the microprocessor
register bits FSC and FSP in register TDR0. Data
appearing and expected on the bus is controlled via the
B1-, B2-, and D-channel data flow register bits (registers DFR0 and DFR1). The TDMCLK and FS outputs
only become active if one or more of the TDM time
slots is enabled (see register DFR1, Table 8).
Clock and Data Format
The clock and data signals for the TDM bus are
TDMCLK, TDMDO, and TDMDI (see Figure 15).
TDMCLK is a 2.048 MHz output clock. TDMDO is the
2B+D data output for data derived from either the
S/T-interface receiver, U-interface receiver, or both. The
TDMDO output driver is only active during a time slot
when it is driving data off-chip; otherwise, the output
driver is 3-stated (this includes the 6-bit interval in the
D-channel octet). TDMDI is the 2B+D data input for
data used to drive either the S/T-interface transmitter,
U-interface transmitter, or both.
On both the TDMDO and TDMDI leads, six 8-bit time
slots are reserved for the B1-, B2-, and D-channels
associated with the S/T- and U-interfaces. The relative
locations of the time slots are fixed; however, the frame
strobe is programmable. The total number of time slots
available within each frame strobe period is 32. During
unused time slots, data on TDMDI is ignored and
TDMDO is 3-stated.
Frame Strobe
The FS frame strobe is a programmable output associated with the TDM bus. FS can be configured to serve
as an envelope strobe for any of the six reserved time
slots available on the bus: U-interface B1, B2, and D
and S/T-interface B1, B2, and D. FS can also be programmed as a 2B+D envelope for either the U-interface
or S/T-interface time slots. FS can be used to directly
drive a codec for voice applications or can be used to
control other external devices such as HDLC controllers.
Figure 15 shows the relationship between the
TDMCLK, TDMDO, and TDMDI time slots, and the FS
strobe for some example programmable settings.
Detailed descriptions of TDM bus interface timing are
given in the Timing Characteristics section of this document.
* National Semiconductor is a registered trademark of National
Semiconductor Corporation.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
41
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Time-Division Multiplexed (TDM) Bus Description (continued)
Frame Strobe (continued)
8-bit TIME SLOT
2B+D EXAMPLE
FSC = 001 AND
FSP = 1
S/T-INTFC
B2
S/T-INTFC
D
D1
D2
S/T-INTFC
B1
B21
B22
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
B28
U-INTFC
D
D1
D2
U-INTFC
B2
B21
B22
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
B28
TDMDO/
TDMDI
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
U-INTFC
B1
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
TDMCLK
FS
B1 EXAMPLE FS
FSC = 110 AND
FSP = 1
5-2303 (C)
Figure 15. TDM Bus Time-Slot Format
42
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Flow Matrix Description
channels in both the U- to S/T- and S/T- to U-interface
directions made available on the TDM bus for monitoring:
B1-, B2-, D-Channel Routing
The T7256 supports extremely flexible B1-, B2-, and Dchannel routing among major circuit blocks in order to
accommodate various applications. Channel routing is
controlled via the data flow control registers, DFR0 and
DFR1. Figure 16 shows a block diagram of the device
and the channel paths to and from the U transceiver,
S/T transceiver, and TDM bus interface. Channel flow is
determined by specifying the source of channel data at
the three points shown in the figure: (1) U transceiver
transmit input, (2) S/T transceiver transmit input, and (3)
TDM bus transmit input. Channel flow at the TDM bus
receive input (4) is determined, by default, from the settings at the other three points. A switch matrix within the
data flow matrix block routes channels to and from the
specified points.
As an example, below are the register settings required
to configure the device as an NT1, with the B1 and B2
■
TDMEN = 0 (enables TDM bus).
■
UXB1 = 11, UXB2 = 11, UXD = 1 (routes S/T-interface receive channels to U-interface transmitter).
■
SXB1 = 11, SXB2 = 11, SXD = 1 (routes U-interface
receive channels to S/T-interface transmitter).
■
TDMB1S = TDMB2S = 0 (brings out B1 and B2
channels in S/T- to U-interface direction to TDM bus).
■
TDMDS = 1 (D channel in S/T- to U-interface direction not brought out on TDM bus).
■
TDMB1U = TDMB2U = 0 (brings out B1 and B2
channels in U- to S/T-interface direction to TDM bus).
■
TDMDU = 1 (D channel in U- to S/T-interface direction not brought out on TDM bus).
Refer to the Board-Level Testing section for another
example of using the data flow matrix to route data.
µP INTERFACE
µP INTERFACE
1
RECEIVE
TRANSMIT
DATA FLOW
CONTROLLER
SWITCH MATRIX
TRANSMIT
2
RECEIVE
3
S/T TRANSCEIVER
4
TDM BUS INTFC.
U TRANSCEIVER
TDM BUS INTERFACE
5-2304 (C)
Figure 16. B1-, B2-, D-Channel Routing
Lucent Technologies Inc.
43
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Loopbacks
The figure below shows the Layer-1 loopbacks that are
defined in ITU-T I.430, Appendix I and ANSI Specification T1.605, Appendix G. A complete discussion of
these loopbacks is presented in ITU-T I.430, Appendix
I. The T7256 supports loopbacks 2, C, and U. Loopback U is not defined in the standards, but is provided
by the T7256 via register GR1, bit 0. Loopback 2 is the
eoc 2B+D loopback defined in the standards.
In a loopback 2, the 2B+D data is looped as close to
the S/T-interface as possible (just short of the S/T-interface device pins). During this loopback, the device
overrides the SXE bit to force all 0s in the echo channel
and also overrides the SXB1, SXB2, SXD, UXB1,
UXB2, and UXD data flow matrix bits to force a U- to
S/T-interface data path. Note that the actual register
bits themselves are unaffected. If AUTOEOC = 0, (register GRO, bit 4), these registers must be set up manually.
Individual B-channel eoc loopbacks are looped
upstream of the data flow matrix. Loopback C is supported via the DFR0 register, bits 4—7.
TE1
A
NT2
S
4
TE2
B1
3
NT1
B2
T
2
C
U
U
LT
TA
R
A
TE1 = ISDN terminal
TE2 = Non-ISDN terminal
TA = Terminal adapter
NT2 = Network termination 2
NT1 = Network termination 1
LT = Line termination
4
S
R = R reference point
S = S reference point
T = T reference point
U = U reference point
Loopback
2
3
4
C
B1 or B2
A
Channel(s) Looped
2B+D channels
2B+D channels
B1, B2
B1, B2
2B+D, B1, B2
2B+D, B1, B2
5-2482 (C)
Figure 17. Location of the Loopback Configurations (Reference ITU-T I.430 Appendix I)
44
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Modes of Operation
To provide flexibility in the system architecture, the T7256 transceiver can operate in stand-alone mode (no microprocessor) to provide basic NT1 functionality or it can operate under microprocessor control through the serial
interface to provide enhanced NT1 operation. In stand-alone mode, the T7256 automatically handles U- and
S/T-interface activation, control, and maintenance according to the ANSI T1.601 and ITU-T I.430/ANSI T1.605
standards. The device is configured for this mode via internal pull-ups and pull-downs and microprocessor register
default values during an external RESET. Table 26 shows the transceiver control pins that may be relevant in standalone mode.
Table 26. Stand-Alone Mode
Pin
2
Symbol
OPTOIN
4
SYN8K/LBIND/FS
7
8
FTE/TDMI
PS2E/TDMDO
9
PS1E/TDMCLK
11
ACTMODE/INT
12
15
SYN8K_CTL/SDI
AUTOACT/SCK
43
RESET
Function
Maintenance pulse streams are decoded and automatically implemented using the ANSI state machine requirements.
Performs the SYN8K or LBIND depending on the state of SYN8K_CTL/SDI
(pin 12) during an external RESET.
Performs the FTE function. Selects the S/T-interface timing recovery mode.
Performs the PS2E function. Controls the PS2 bit in the transmit U-interface
data stream.
Performs the PS1E function. Controls the PS1 bit in the transmit U-interface
data stream.
Performs the ACTMODE function. Controls the act bit in the transmit
U-interface data stream during 2B+D loopbacks.
Held high or low on powerup or RESET to control SYN8K/LBIND/FS (pin 4).
Held high or low on powerup or RESET to control automatic activation
attempt.
Resets the device. The states of SCK, SDI, and INT are read upon exiting
reset state.
In microprocessor mode, the T7256 supports all the features of stand-alone mode, plus allows enhanced control
including S/Q-channel support, TDM highway access, and manual eoc and U overhead bit manipulation. The
microprocessor port can be accessed at any time via the SDI, SDO, and SCK pins (see Microprocessor Interface
Description and Timing Characteristics sections for details). Table 27 shows the transceiver control pins that may
be relevant in microprocessor mode, or whose operation may change based on register settings.
Table 27. Microprocessor Mode
Pin
2
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
14
15
Symbol
OPTOIN
SYN8K/LBIND/FS
ILOSS
FTE/TDMDI
PS2E/TDMDO
PS1E/TDMCLK
ACTMODE/INT
SYN8K_CTL/SDI
SDO
AUTOACT/SCK
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Comment
Controlled by microprocessor bit AUTOCTL (register GR0).
Controlled by microprocessor bit TDMEN (register GR2).
Controlled by microprocessor bit AUTOCTL (register GR0).
Controlled by microprocessor bit TDMEN (register GR2).
Controlled by microprocessor bit TDMEN (register GR2).
Controlled by microprocessor bit TDMEN (register GR2).
Interrupt output for the microprocessor interface.
Serial data input for the microprocessor interface.
Serial data output for the microprocessor interface.
Master clock input for the microprocessor interface.
45
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
STLED Description
The STLED pin is used to drive an LED and provides a
visual indication of the current state of the T7256. The
STLED control is typically configured to illuminate the
LED when STLED is LOW. This convention will be
assumed throughout this section.
Table 28 describes the four states of STLED, the list of
system conditions that produce the state, and the corresponding ANSI states, as defined in ANSI T1.6011992 (Tables C1 and C4) and ETSI ETR 080-1992
(Tables A3 and I2).
Note:
The ETSI state names begin with the letters
NT instead of H. Also, the ETSI state tables
do not include a state NT11 because it is considered identical to state NT6. Table A3 of the
ETSI standard contains the additional states
NT6A, NT7A, and NT8A to describe states
related to the eoc loopback 2 (2B+D loopback). The most likely ANSI state for each
STLED state is shown in bold typeface below.
The flow chart in Figure 18 illustrates the priority of the
logic signals which control the STLED pin. In the decision diamonds, those names in all capital letters
denote T7256 register bit names. The RESET,
AUTOCTL, AUTOEOC, and STOA are R/W bits controlled by the user via the microprocessor interface.
The XACT, OOF, and AIB bits are read-only bits determined by the internal logic based on system events
and can be monitored by the user via the microprocessor interface. Other names in the decision diamonds
(quiet mode, ILOSS mode, Loop2, INFO 2, INFO 4)
represent system conditions that cannot be directly
monitored or controlled by the microprocessor interface.
Table 28. STLED States
STLED State
1 Hz Flashing
List of System Conditions that
Can Cause STLED State
RESET (pin 43) = 0
AUTOCTL = 0 (register GR0, bit 3), or
AUTOEOC = 0 (register GR0, bit 4), or
STOA = 0 (register GR2, bit 7)
U and S/T not active
RESET = 0 (register GR0, bit 0)
Quiet mode active, or
ILOSS mode active
U activation attempt in progress
AIB = 0 (register CFR1, bit 6)
eoc-initiated 2B+D loopback active
U active, S/T not fully active
Low (LED on)
U and S/T fully active
High (LED off)
8 Hz Flashing
Corresponding ANSI States
NA
H0, H1, H10, H12
NA
H2, H3, H4
H7, H8
NT6A*, NT7A*, NT8A*
H6, H6(a), H7, H11, H8(a)†,
H8(b), H8(c)
H8
*
These are ETSI DTR/TM-3002 states not yet defined in ANSI T1.601, although they are defined in revised ANSI tables which are currently on
the living list (i.e., not yet an official part of the standards document).
† State H8(a) is most likely when U-interface bit uoa = 0.
46
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
STLED Description (continued)
START
RESET
PIN LOW?
YES
STLED = OFF
NO
STLED = OFF
YES
AUTOCTL = 0
AUTOEOC = 0, OR
STOA = 0
NO
RESET = 0, QUIET
YES
MODE = ACTIVE, OR ILOSS
STLED = 8 Hz
MODE = ACTIVE
NO
STLED = OFF
YES
XACT = 0?
NO
OOF = 0?
YES
STLED = 8 Hz
NO
STLED = 8 Hz
YES
aib = 0
NO
LOOP2 = ACTIVE?
YES
STLED = 8 Hz
NO
STLED = 1 Hz
YES
INFO2 = 0?
NO
INFO4 = 0?
NO
STLED = ON
YES
STLED = 1 Hz
5-3599d (C)
Figure 18. STLED Control Flow Diagram
Lucent Technologies Inc.
47
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Sheet
January 1998
eoc State Machine Description
6. Microprocessor interprets newly received eoc message and determines the appropriate response.
The following list shows the eight eoc states defined in
ANSI T1.601 and ETSI ETR 080. The bit pattern below
represents the state of U-interface overhead bits
eoci1—eoci8, respectively (see Table 2).
7. Microprocessor writes ECR0 based on results of
step 6.
01010000—Operate 2B+D loopback.
01010001—Operate B1 channel loopback.
01010010—Operate B2 channel loopback.
01010011—Request corrupt CRC.
01010100—Notify of corrupted CRC.
11111111—Return to normal (default).
00000000—Hold state.
10101010—Unable to comply.
Normally, the T7256 automatically handles the eoc
channel processing per the ANSI and ETSI standards.
There may be some applications where manual control
of the eoc channel is desired (e.g., equipment that is
meant to test the eoc processing of upstream elements
by writing incorrect or delayed eoc data). This can be
accomplished by setting AUTOEOC = 0 (register GR0,
bit 4). The eoc state change interrupt is enabled by setting EOCSCM = 0 (register UIR1, bit 0). This allows
state changes in the received eoc messages (registers
ECR2 and ECR3) to be indicated to the microprocessor by the assertion of UINT = 1 (register GIR0, bit 0)
and EOCSC = 1 (register UIR0, bit 0). The microprocessor reads registers ECR2 and ECR3 to determine
which received eoc bits changed. Then, it updates the
transmit eoc values by writing registers ECR0 and
ECR1 and takes appropriate action (e.g., enable a
requested loopback). The total manual eoc procedure
consists of the following steps:
1. Microprocessor detects INT pin going low.
2. Microprocessor reads GIR0 and determines that
the UINT bit is set.
3. Microprocessor reads UIR0 and determines that the
EOCSC bit is set.
8. Microprocessor writes ECR1 based on results of
step 6.
The maximum time allowed from the assertion of the
INT pin (step 1) until the completion of the last write
cycle to the eoc registers (step 8) is 1.5 ms.
ANSI Maintenance Control Description
The ANSI maintenance controller of the T7256 can
operate in fully automatic or in fully manual mode.
Automatic mode can be used in applications where
autonomous control of the metallic loop termination
(MLT) maintenance is desired. The MLT capability
implemented with the Lucent LH1465AB and an optocoupler provides a dc signature, sealing current sink,
and maintenance pulse-level translation for the testing
facilities. Maintenance pulses from the U-interface MLT
circuit are received by the OPTOIN pin and digitally filtered for 20 ms. The device decodes these pulses
according to ANSI maintenance state machine requirements and responds to each request automatically.
For example, the T7256 will place itself in the quiet
mode if six pulses are received from the MLT circuitry.
Microprocessor interrupts in register MIR0 are available for tracking maintenance events if desired. Manual
mode can be used in applications where an external
maintenance decoder is used to drive the RESET and
ILOSS pins of the T7256. In this mode, the RESET pin
places the device in quiet mode and the ILOSS pin
controls SN1 tone transmission. Maintenance events
are not available in register MIR0 when in manual
mode.
4. Microprocessor reads ECR2.
5. Microprocessor reads ECR3.
48
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
S/T-Interface Multiframing Controller
Description
optionally provide multiframing in accordance with ITUT I.430. In either case, the TEs must provide for identification of the Q-bit positions.
If an external microprocessor is available, the T7256
can provide the capability of supporting multiframing as
defined in ITU-T I.430 Section 6.3.3 and ANSI T1.605
Section 7.3.3. Multiframing provides layer-1 signaling
capability between the TEs and the NT in both directions through the use of extra channels referred to as
the S channel for the NT-to-TE direction and the Q
channel for the TE-to-NT direction (see Figure 8 in this
data sheet for the location of the S and Q bits in the NT
and TE frames). This signaling capability is similar to
the eoc channel between the LT and NT on the U-interface. The S and Q channels exist only between the TE
and NT, and there is no requirement that the NT transfers this information to the U-interface.
The multiframing mechanism in the T7256 is controlled
by the microprocessor. Normally, multiframing is disabled (the NT transmits all zeros in the FA and M bit
positions and all ones in the S bit positions). To enable
multiframing, set MULTIF = 0 in bit 5 of register GR0.
Note that multiframing should only be enabled after the
TE interface is fully active (i.e., transmitting INFO3). In
order to guarantee this, the controller should implement
the following procedure:
The requirement for multiframing capability is treated
somewhat differently in ANSI T1.605, ITU-T I.430, and
ETSI ETS 300 012. The ANSI standard states that the
use of the S- and Q-channels is optional (Section
7.3.3). NTs that do not support these channels are not
required to encode the FA and M bits as required for
multiframing. TEs that do not support these channels
still must provide for identification of the Q-bit positions
and, if identified, must set each Q bit to a binary one.
ANSI defines a set of Q-channel messages, and
divides the S channel into five subchannels, defining
messages for S subchannels 1 and 2 (see T1.605
Tables 8 and 9).
1. Initialize MULTIF = 1 (this is the default on powerup).
2. Monitor ACTR (register CFR1, bit 0) with the microprocessor to detect when the system has activated
and has received INFO3. ACTR reflects the state of
the U-interface act bit from the LT, and is sent by the
LT in response to a reception of the act bit from the
NT. The NT sets act = 1 only after receiving INFO3
on the S/T-interface; so waiting for ACTR = 1
ensures that INFO3 is being received.
The monitoring of the ACTR bit can be interruptdriven using the ACTSC bit in interrupt register
UIR0.
3. When ACTR = 1 is detected, set MULTIF = 0 to
enable multiframing.
ITU-T I.430 contains similar requirements for the S and
Q channels as T1.605, with the following exceptions:
4. Monitor for a change from XACT = 1 to XACT = 0.
This can also be interrupt-driven using the ACTSC
bit in interrupt register UIR0.
1. There is no "far-end code violation" message for S
subchannel 1 (see ITU-T I.430, Table 9).
5. When XACT = 0 is detected, this indicates that the
system has deactivated.
2. S subchannel 2 is not defined.
At this point, go back to step #1 and repeat the procedure.
ETSI ETS 300 012 deviates slightly from ITU-T I.430. It
states that the NT1 will not provide multiframing, and
therefore the FA bit from NT-to-TE must be set to zero
(Table A.1, subclause A.6.3.3). An NT2, however, may
Lucent Technologies Inc.
49
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
S/T-Interface Multiframing Controller
Description (continued)
Once multiframing has been enabled, the microprocessor can read the Q-channel data that is received and
control the S subchannel data that is transmitted via
registers MCR0—MCR5. The reception of a new Qchannel message is indicated to the microprocessor
when interrupt bit QSC = 1 (Q-Bits State Change bit,
register SIR0 bit 1). The microprocessor is informed
that a new S-subchannel message may be transmitted
when interrupt bit SOM = 1 (Start of Multiframe bit, register SIR0, bit 0). To enable the SOM and QSC interrupts, set SOMM = 0 and QSCM = 0 (register SIR1,
bits 0 and 1). When an interrupt occurs, the global
interrupt bits (register GIR0) can be read by the microprocessor to determine the source of the interrupt (register UINT, SINT, or MINT). An interrupt asserted in the
SIR0 register is indicated by SINT = 1. Reading the
SIR0 interrupt register clears the SOM and QSC interrupt bits in preparation for the next occurrence. It
should be noted that the SOM interrupt is asserted
27 µs after the start of a multiframe and the S-subchannel bits are latched in the MCR1—MCR5 registers
3 µs prior to the start of the next multiframe. Since
30 µs (27 µs + 3 µs) of time is used by the device, the
microprocessor has 4.97 ms of a total 5 ms multiframe
to load the next value of S-subchannel bits. The Qchannel bits in the MCR0 register are updated every
multiframe at the same time that SOM is asserted.
Changes in any of the Q bits are indicated to the microprocessor by QSC = 1.
Board-Level Testing
The T7256 provides several board-level testability features. For example, the HIGHZ pin 3-states all digital
outputs for bed-of-nails testing. Also, various loopbacks
can be used to verify device functionality.
Stimulus/Response Testing
Data transparency of the B1, B2, and D channels can
be verified by the combined use of the TDM bus and
microprocessor port. Data flow within the device can be
configured by the external controller through the microprocessor port, and B1-, B2-, and D-channel data can
be transmitted into and received from the device via the
TDM bus. Using this method, arbitrary data patterns
can be used to stimulate the device and combinations
of loopbacks can be exercised to help detect and isolate faults. Figure 19 illustrates this general-purpose
testing configuration.
TDMDI data can be routed through the device and
back to TDMDO at both the U- or S/T-interfaces. For
looping at U-interface, the procedure is as follows:
■
Disconnect the U-interface from the telephone network.
■
Set TDMEN = 0 in register GR2, bit 5.
■
Set register DFR0 to 11110101.
■
Set register DFR1 to 00011110.
■
Set register TDR0 as required for the desired frame
strobe location and polarity.
Now, write LPBK in register GR1 to a 0. This causes
the chip to enter the U-interface loopback mode. Any
data entering the TDM highway on TDMDI will be
looped back (with some delay) on TDMDO.
For looping of the S/T-interface, the procedure is as follows:
■
Set TDMEN = 0 in register GR2, bit 5.
■
Set register DFR0 to 01011111.
■
Set register DFR1 to 11100001.
■
Set register TDR0 as required for the desired frame
strobe location and polarity.
■
Set AFRST = 0 (register CFR0, bit 1) and STOA = 0
(register GR2, bit 7). This causes the S/T-interface to
force activation while keeping the U-interface inactive.
Now, externally short the transmit pins to the receive
pins on the S/T-interface (e.g., in Figure 21, short
J2—4 to J2—3 and short J2—5 to J2—6). This causes
a loopback of the S/T-interface that results in TDMDI
data being looped to TDMDO.
50
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
S/T-Interface Multiframing Controller Description (continued)
Stimulus/Response Testing (continued)
EXTERNAL CONTROLLER
DATA FLOW
REGISTER
PROGRAMMING
S/T-INTERFACE
SHORTED
µP INTERFACE
RECEIVE
TRANSMIT
RNR
U-INTERFACE
OPEN
CIRCUITED
DATA FLOW
CONTROLLER
RPR
TPR
IMPLEMENTS DATA
PATH
TNR
TRANSMIT
RECEIVE
TDM BUS INTERFACE
S/T TRANSCEIVER
TDMDI
U TRANSCEIVER
TDMDO
DATA STIMULUS &
RECEIVED DATA
COMPARE
EXTERNAL TEST MACHINE
5-2305 (C)
Figure 19. External Stimulus/Response Configuration
Lucent Technologies Inc.
51
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs
S/T-Interface
T7256 Reference Circuit
The S/T-interface attaches to the board at RJ-45 connector J2 (see Figure 21). L1 is a high-frequency common-mode choke used to minimize EMI. R24 and R25
are 100 Ω terminations required by ITU I.430 Section
8.4. Jumper-selectable resistors R26 and R27 provide
for a 50 Ω termination option instead of the standard
100 Ω termination. This is useful in configurations
where none of the TEs have terminating resistors.
Dual-transformer T2 has a standard footprint that can
accept ISDN transformers from several vendors. On
the device side of the S/T-interface transformer, D2—
D11 and VR3—4 provide overvoltage protection for the
device pins. R20—23 provide current limiting for cases
where one or more of the protection diodes conducts
due to an overvoltage condition. Capacitor C17 provides suppression of common-mode noise that might
otherwise be introduced onto the receiver input pins,
effectively increasing the receiver's CMRR. Note that
the S/T transformer must have a center tap on the
device side in order to use this scheme. R16 and R17
in combination with R20 and R21, respectively, provide
the 121 Ω of resistance required by the T7256 on each
transmitter output pin. R18 and R19 are the 10 kΩ,
10% resistors required on the receiver input pins.
A reference circuit illustrating the T7256 in a standalone NT1 application is shown in Figures 20 and 21.
This depicts a complete stand-alone NT1 design with
the exception of power supply circuitry and power status monitoring circuitry. A bill of materials for the schematic is shown in Table 29. Note that specific
applications may vary depending on individual requirements.
U-Interface
The U-Interface attaches to the board at RJ-45 connector J1 (see Figure 20). F1 and VR2 provide overcurrent
and overvoltage protection, respectively. These two
devices in combination with transformer T1 provide
protection levels required by FCC Part 68 and UL*
1459. For an in-depth discussion of protection issues,
the following application notes are helpful.
1. “Overvoltage Protection of Solid-State
Subscriber Loop Circuits,” Lucent Analog Line
Card Components Data Book (CA94-007ALC)
800-372-2447.
2. Protection of Telecommunications Customer
Premesis Equipment, Raychem† Corporation,
415-361-6900.
C16 is a 1.0 µF dc blocking capacitor that is required
per ANSI T1.601, Section 7.5.2.3. The 250 V rating of
C16 is governed by the maximum breakdown voltage
of VR2, since the capacitor must not break down before
VR2. The resistance of R13 (21 Ω) and F1 (12 Ω) provides a total line-side resistance of 33 Ω, which is
required when using the Lucent 2754H2 transformer
(see the note at the end of Table 29 for information on
R13 values when using other transformers).
On the device side of the U-interface transformer, VR1
provides secondary overvoltage protection of 6.8 V.
Optional capacitors C13 and C14 provide commonmode noise suppression for applications that are
required to operate in the presence of high commonmode noise. R6 and R7 provide the necessary external
hybrid resistors.
MLT Circuit
The metallic loop termination (MLT) circuit (U3 and
related components in Figure 20) provides a dc termination for the loop per ANSI T1.601, Section 7.5. R14
and R15 are power resistors used to sink current during overvoltage fault conditions. The optoisolater (U2)
provides signal isolation and voltage translation of the
signaling pulses used for NT maintenance modes, per
T1.601, Section 6.5. The T7256 interprets these pulses
via an internal ANSI maintenance state machine, and
responds accordingly. For applications outside North
America, the MLT circuit is not required.
Status LED
D1 in Figure 20 is an LED that is controlled by the
STLED pin of the T7256 and indicates the status of the
device (activating, out-of-sync, etc.). Table 28 and Figure 18 of this data sheet details the possible states of
the STLED pin and the meaning of each state.
* UL is a registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
† Raychem is a registered trademark of Raychem Corporation.
52
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Application Briefs (continued)
T7256 Reference Circuit (continued)
Power Status Leads
ANSI T1.601 Section 8.2.4 defines U-interface NT
power status bits ps1 and ps2. These bits are transmitted across the U-Interface via the U maintenance channel. On the T7256, these bits are controlled by pins 8
and 9 (PS2E and PS1E). When the TDM highway is
used (NT1+ or TA modes), the ps1/ps2 bits are controlled by internal registers that are written by an external microprocessor. An NT1 typically has circuitry that
monitors the status of the power supply and sets ps1
and ps2 accordingly. In general, power status monitoring circuitry is dependent on various system parameters and requirements, and must be designed based on
Lucent Technologies Inc.
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
the specific application’s requirements. For this reason,
there is no power status monitoring circuitry shown in
this design. Instead, pull-ups R1 and R2 in Figure 20
are provided to force a default indication of primary and
secondary power good status.
Fixed/Adaptive Timing Control
As detailed in Table 1, pin 7 of the T7256 controls
whether the S/T-interface will use fixed or adaptive timing recovery. When there is no connection to pin 7, an
internal 100K pull-up holds the pin high, which causes
the chip to default to adaptive timing recovery. JMP1 is
provided (see Figure 20) to change the timing recovery
mode to fixed timing by pulling pin 7 down through a
5.1 kΩ resistor.
53
54
+5 V
U1
T7256
GNDA
GNDA
VDDA
RESET
C3
0.01 µF
FTE/TDMDI
PS2E/TDMDO
PS1E/TDMCLK
GNDD
INT
SDI
VDDD
SDO
SCK
GNDD
CKOUT
VRCM
RPR
RNR
GNDA
TPR
TNR
VDDA
X2
15.360 MHz
C4
0.01 µF
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
X1
20
VDDO
19
GNDO
18
X1
+5 VA
RNR
TPR
TNR
RPR
C6
0.1 µF
VDDA
SDINP
SDINN
HP
LON
GNDA
VDDA
LOP
HN
VRN
VRP
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
+5 VA
C7
0.01 µF
C5
1.0 µF
C8
0.1 µF
C10
0.01 µF
7
C12
0.1 µF
C11
0.01 µF
16.9 Ω
R7
16.9 Ω
R6
+5 VA
+5 VA
2.2 MΩ
5
R9
R10
10 kΩ
8
6
C9
820 pF
R8
17.8 kΩ
3
2
C14
3300 pF
SA6.0CA
VR1
C13
3300 pF
HCPL-0701
U2
LH1465AB
8
TC
PR+
7
RS
T
U3
6
PD
R
5
COM
PR–
9
6
C16
VR2
F1
TR600-150
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
RJ-45
J1
NOTE: THE WIDTH OF THESE
TRACKS SHOULD BE 50 mils
R15
1.1 kΩ
2W
R14
1.1 kΩ
2W
U-INTERFACE CIRCUIT
1.0 µF
21 Ω
R13
1
2
3
4
GROUND/POWER PLANES SHOULD NOT COME WITHIN
2.5 mm OF THE CIRCUITRY WITHIN THIS DASHED AREA
10
7
1:1.5
2754H2
5
1
T1
FOR NORTH AMERICAN
APPLICATIONS ONLY
R12
137 Ω
R11
137 Ω
C15 (PLACE THIS CAPACITOR AS
0.1 µF CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE LH1465)
SMP100-140
+5 V
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
ILOSS
+5 V
R3
5.1 kΩ
1 JMP1 2
C2
0.01 µF
825 Ω
R4
HIGHZ
GNDD
OPTOIN
STLED
SYN8K
VDDD
C1
0.01 µF
R2
5.1 kΩ
+5 V
D1
R5
5.1 kΩ
+5 V
POR CIRCUIT
40
41
42
43
44
1
2
3
4
5
6
R1
5.1 kΩ
CONNECT PS1E
AND PS2E TO
POWER STATUS
MONITORING
CIRCUIT IF
PRESENT
+5 V
STATUS LED
+5 V
MLT CIRCUIT
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Sheet
January 1998
Application Briefs (continued)
T7256 Reference Circuit (continued)
5-4048(C).d
Figure 20. T7256 Stand-Alone Reference Circuit-A
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
T7256 Reference Circuit (continued)
S/T-INTERFACE CIRCUIT
T2
TPR
TNR
RPR
R16
R20
75 Ω
46.4 Ω
D4
D5
R17
D8
VR3
D9
R21
75 Ω
46.4 Ω
R18
R22
10 kΩ
46.4 Ω
D2
D6
D3
D10
VR4
R19
D7
D11
10 kΩ
1
1
J2
JMP2
15
2
14
3
13
R24
100 Ω
2
2
R26
100 Ω
4
12
1
5
1
R23
46.4 Ω
11
6
10
7
5
4
3
6
5
2
7
6
1
8
7
8
9
8
PE65554
2
R25
100 Ω
3
L1
4
JMP3
C17
0.1 µF
RNR
16
R27
100 Ω
RJ-45
PE65498
2.5:1
5-4047(F).a
Note: See Question/Answer section, #35.
Figure 21. T7256 Stand-Alone Reference Circuit-B
Lucent Technologies Inc.
55
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
T7256 Reference Circuit (continued)
Table 29. T7256 Reference Schematic Parts List
Reference
Designator
C[1—4, 7, 10, 11]
C5
C[6, 8, 12, 17]
C9
C[13, 14]
C15
C16
Description
Source
Ceramic Chip Capacitor, 0.01 µF, 10%, 50 V, X7R
Tantalum Chip Capacitor, 1.0 µF, 10%, 16 V
Ceramic Chip Capacitor, 0.1 µF, 10%, 50 V, X7R
Ceramic Chip Capacitor, 820 pF, 5%, 50 V, NPO
Ceramic Chip Capacitor, 3300 pF, 10%, 50 V, X7R
Polyester Capacitor, 0.1 µF, 63 V, 10%
Note: Insulation resistance of this part must be
>2 GΩ.
Capacitor, 1.0 µF, 250 V, 10%
Alternate: Philips 2222 373 41105
Part #
C1206C103K5RAC
Kemet1
Kemet
Kemet
Kemet
Kemet
T491A105K016AS
C1206C104K5RAC
C0805C821J5GAC
C1206C332F5RAC
2222 370 12104
Philips 2
Vitramon3, via
TMI (rep)
VJ9253Y105KXPM
(215) 830-8500
D1
D[2—11]
F1
Green Surface-mount LED
SMT Switching Diode
5)
Overcurrent Protector (Polyswitch
Alternate: BEL Fuse6 MJS 1.00A, (201) 432-0463
See Note at the end of this table.
J1, J2
RJ-45 8-pin Modular Jack (standard height)
JMP1—3
L1
Two-position Header with Shorting Jumper
High-frequency Common-mode Choke
Alternate: Pulse PE-65854 (surface mount)
HSMG-C650
Hewlett
Packard 4
Philips
Raychem
PMLL4151
TR600-150
(415) 361-6900
Molex7
Multiple
Pulse
Engineering8
15-43-8588
PE65554
(619) 674-8100
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
56
R[1—3, 5]
SMC Resistor, 5.1 kΩ, 1/8 W, 5%
R4
R6, 7
R8
R9
R[10, 18, 19]
[R11, 12]
R13
SMC Resistor, 825 kΩ, 1/8 W, 1%
SMC Resistor, 16.9 kΩ, 1/8 W, 1%
SMC Resistor, 17.8 kΩ, 1/8 W, 1%
SMC Resistor, 2.2 MΩ, 1/8 W, 5%
SMC Resistor, 10 kΩ, 1/8 W, 5%
SMC Resistor, 137 Ω, 1/8 W, 1%
SMC Resistor, 21.0 Ω, 1 W, 1%
Dale9
Dale
Dale
Dale
Dale
Dale
Dale
Dale
CRCW1206512J
CRCW12068250F
CRCW120616R9F
CRCW12061783F
CRCW1206225J
CRCW1206103J
CRCW12061370F
WSC-1
Kemet is a registered trademark of Kemet Laboratories Company, Inc.
Philips is a registered trademark of Philips Manufacturing Company.
Vitramon is a registered trademark of Vitramon, Inc.
Hewlett Packard is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company.
Polyswitch is a registered trademark of Raychem Corporation.
Bel and Bel Fuse are registered trademarks of Bel Fuse, Inc.
Molex is a registered trademark of Molex, Inc.
Pulse Engineering is a registered trademark of Pulse Engineering, Inc.
Dale is a registered trademark of Dale Electronics, Inc.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
T7256 Reference Circuit (continued)
Table 29. T7256 Reference Schematic Parts List (continued)
Reference
Designator
R14, 15
R16, 17
R20—23
R24—27
T1
T2
Description
SMC Resistor,
1.1 kΩ, 2 W, 5%
SMC Resistor,
75 Ω, 1/8 W, 1%
SMC Resistor,
46.4 Ω, 1/8 W, 1%
SMC Resistor,
100 Ω, 1/8 W, 1%
ISDN U-interface
Transformer
ISDN S-Interface
Dual Transformer
Source
Dale
WSC-2
Dale
CRCW120675R0F
Dale
CRCW120646R4F
Dale
CRCW12061000F
Lucent
2754H2
Alternates (See footnote at the end of this table.):
Lucent 2754K2 (1500 Vrms breakdown)
Lucent 2809A (for EN60950 compliance)
Valor 10 PT4084 (619) 537-2500
Midcom 671-7759 (605) 886-4385
PE65498
Alternates:
Pulse Engineering PE-68988 (single transformer, reinforced insulation)
Valor PT5048 (619) 537-2500 (pin compatible)
Advanced Power Components11, LTD.
APC40498 (pin compatible)
APC2050S (single transformer, reinforced insulation)
US: Terry Manton, Inc. (rep), (201) 447-8821
Europe: 44-634-290588
Vacuumschmelze12 (VAC) (single transformer,
reinforced insulation)
T60403-L4097-X017-80
U.S.: (908) 494-3530
Europe: 49-6181-38-2026
T7256
Pulse
Engineering
(619) 674-8100
U1
U2
U3
Single-chip NT1 IC,
44-pin PLCC
Optocoupler
ISDN dc Termination IC
Part #
Lucent
Hewlett
Packard
Lucent
HCPL-0701
LH1465AB
1. Kemet is a registered trademark of Kemet Laboratories Company, Inc.
2. Philips is a registered trademark of Philips Manufacturing Company.
3. Vitramon is a registered trademark of Vitramon, Inc.
4. Hewlett Packard is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company.
5. Polyswitch is a registered trademark of Raychem Corporation.
6. Bel and Bel Fuse are registered trademarks of Bel Fuse, Inc.
7. Molex is a registered trademark of Molex, Inc.
8. Pulse Engineering is a registered trademark of Pulse Engineering, Inc.
9. Dale is a registered trademark of Dale Electronics, Inc.
10. Valor is a registered trademark of Valor Electronics, Inc.
11. Advanced Power Components is a registered trademark of Advanced Power Technology, Inc.
12. Vacuumschmelze is a registered trademark of Vacuumschmelze GmbH.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
57
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
T7256 Reference Circuit (continued)
Table 29. T7256 Reference Schematic Parts List (continued)
Reference
Designator
VR1
Description
Source
Transient Voltage
Suppressor
SGSThomson13
VR2
Transient Voltage
Suppressor
SGSThomson
VR[3, 4]
Transient Voltage
Suppressor, 6.8 V
Motorola
X1
15.36 Crystal
Saronix
(415) 856-6900
Part #
SM6T6V8CA
Alternates:
Motorola SA6.5CA, P6KE6.8CA, P6KE7.5CA
SMP100-140
Alternate:
Teccor14 P1602AB (972) 580-7777
1.5SMC6.8AT3
Alternate:
Motorola 1N6269A
SRX5144
Alternates:
MTRON15 4044-001 (605) 665-9321
2B Elettronica S.D.L. TP0648 39-6-6622432
1. Kemet is a registered trademark of Kemet Laboratories Company, Inc.
2. Philips is a registered trademark of Philips Manufacturing Company.
3. Vitramon is a registered trademark of Vitramon, Inc.
4. Hewlett Packard is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company.
5. Polyswitch is a registered trademark of Raychem Corporation.
6. Bel and Bel Fuse are registered trademarks of Bel Fuse, Inc.
7. Molex is a registered trademark of Molex, Inc.
8. Pulse Engineering is a registered trademark of Pulse Engineering, Inc.
9. Dale is a registered trademark of Dale Electronics, Inc.
10. Valor is a registered trademark of Valor Electronics, Inc.
11. Advanced Power Components is a registered trademark of Advanced Power Technology, Inc.
12. Vacuumschmelze is a registered trademark of Vacuumschmelze GmbH.
13. SGS-Thomson is a registered trademark of SGS-Thomson Microelectronics, Inc.
14. Teccor is a registered trademark of Teccor, Inc.
15.MTRON is a registered trademark of MTRON Industries, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Lynch* Corporation.
* Lynch is a registered trademark of Lynch Corporation.
Note:
The Lucent 2754K2 and the Valor PT4084 have different winding resistances than the Lucent 2754H2, and therefore require a change
to the line-side resistor (R15). In addition, if the Bel Fuse is used in place of the Raychem TR600-150 PTC at location F1 (which will
sacrifice the resettable protection that the PTC provides), the line-side resistors must be adjusted to compensate for reduced resistance
due to the removal of the PTC (12 Ω). The following table lists the necessary resistor values for these cases. Note that R15 is specified
at 1%. This is due to the fact that the values were chosen from standard 1% resistor tables. When a PTC is used, the overall tolerance
will be greater than 1%. This is acceptable, as long as the total line-side resistance is kept as close as possible to the ideal value. See
Question and Answer section, #6 for more details.
Table 30. Line-Side Resistor Requirements
Transformer
Lucent 2754H2
Lucent 2754K2
Lucent 2809A
Valor PT4084
58
When Raychem TR600-150 Is Used
R13
21 Ω
15.4 Ω
9.53
0Ω
When Bel Fuse Is Used
R13
33.2 Ω
27.4 Ω
21.5
10.7 Ω
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
Using the T7256 in a Combination TE/TA
Environment (NT1/TA)
The T7256 can be used in applications requiring NT1
and terminal adapter (TA) functionality (NT1/TA). This
application brief describes an NT1 that supports conventional POTS (plain old telephone service) as well as
ISDN service. A block diagram of this application is
shown in Figure 22. The microprocessor (µP) performs
the following functions:
■
Runs the ISDN call control stack (Q.931).
■
Controls the HDLC formatter for performing the
LAP-D protocol on the D channel.
■
Controls the register configuration of the T7256.
■
Controls the POTS circuitry (i.e., translates signaling
such as off-hook into the correct call-control message, translates DTMF digits from a DTMF receiver,
controls the ringer, etc.).
■
Controls access to the B and D channels on the TDM
highway for the codecs and HDLC formatter, respectively.
S/T-INTERFACE
U-INTERFACE
SERIAL INTERFACE
T7256
µP
PARALLEL INTERFACE
TDM HIGHWAYS
HDLC
CODEC,
SLICS, RINGERS, DTMF
RECEIVERS, ETC.
5-3646(C).b
Figure 22. T7256 NT1/TA Application Block Diagram
T7256 Configuration
When the T7256 is used in the NT1/TA application, the
TDM highway must be used in conjunction with the
data flow control registers (DFR0 and DFR1) to control
the B- and D-channel data flow. Following is a suggested procedure for properly configuring the T7256 in
this application.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
1. Set TDMEN = 0 (register GR2, bit 5) to enable the
TDM highway. In this case, the ps1/ps2 functions
must be controlled via the microprocessor (register
GR1, bits 1 and 2) because pins 8 and 9 are used
for TDMDO and TDMCLK. Note that when the TDM
highway is enabled, TDMCLK and FS will not
become active until at least one of the bits 2—7 in
register DFR1 are enabled (set to 0).
2. The downstream D channel must be monitored by
the TA circuit for call-control messages from the
switch. This is accomplished via the TDM bus by
setting TDMDU = 0 (register DFR1, bit 7). The
upstream D channel (which is normally sourced
from the S/T-interface) must be sourced by the
POTS HDLC controller when one of the following
events occurs:
a. The switch notifies the POTS circuit of an incoming call request via a downstream D-channel
message.
b. A local POTS phone goes off-hook (i.e., a call is
being placed).
In either of these cases, the POTS HDLC controller
must take control of the D-channel in order to complete the call setup for the appropriate POTS phone.
This is accomplished by setting UXD = 0 (register
DFR1, bit 0).
3. The frame strobe pulse envelope and polarity must
be configured for correct operation with the HDLC
controller and codecs using register TDR0. For
example, to set an active-high FS pulse that envelopes the U-interface B1 channel data (see Figure
18), register TDR0 bits 0—3 should be set to all 1s
(default on powerup). This setting can be used with
the Lucent T7121 HDLC controller because the
T7121 can be programmed for any time slot and bit
offset from the rising or falling edge of FS.
The codecs may require the FS pulse be in a particular position relative to the B-channel data. For
example, if two Lucent T7513B codecs are used in
variable timing mode in this application (one for
each POTS line), each would require an FS pulse
that envelopes the appropriate B-channel data. The
configuration described in the preceding paragraph
is adequate for allowing either codec to source or
sink B1 channel data to the U-interface, but there is
no separate FS pulse available for the B2 channel
data. Therefore, external glue logic is necessary to
generate an FS pulse for the B2 channel data.
59
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
T7256 Configuration (continued)
4. The upstream B-channel source will be either the
S/T-interface (if a TE has a call active) or the TDM
highway (if an analog phone has a call active). Each
B channel can be sourced from the TDM highway or
the S/T-interface independent of the other B channel. The source of the upstream B channels is controlled by register DFR0, bits 1 and 0 (for B1) and
bits 3 and 2 (for B2). These bits must be controlled
dynamically depending on whether an analog
phone or a TE is requesting the B channel. A suggested approach to B-channel control is to default
to the S/T-interface (i.e., the TEs) and switch to the
TDM highway when it is determined that a call is
being placed/received on the analog phone (i.e.,
after call setup has been established via the D
channel as described in item #2, above). For example, if a B1 call is placed on an analog phone,
DFR0, bit 1 must be changed from a 1 to a 0 to
allow the POTS circuitry to source the upstream B1
channel data. All the other bits in DFR0 remain set
to 1.
Register DFR1, bits 5 and 6 control B1 and B2
channel data (respectively) from the U-interface to
the TDM highway. It may be necessary to keep the
B1 and B2 time slots disabled (3-stated) when the
analog phones are not in use to keep the codecs
quiet. A 5.1 kΩ pull-up resistor on the TDMDO pin
should be used to ensure that the TDM data is all
1s. Some codecs can be quieted by disabling the
codec frame strobe signal.
5. When the TDM highway is enabled by setting
TDMEN = 0, TDMCLK and FS will not become
active until at least one of the bits 2—7 in register
DFR1 are enabled (set to 0).
D-Channel Priority
Data Sheet
January 1998
1. Normally, the D channels from the TE should be
routed directly through to the switch. Thus, the NT1/
TA simply looks like an NT1, passing data directly
between the S/T- and U-interfaces.
2. If a POTS phone needs to access the D channel
(due to an incoming or outgoing call request as
described in item #2 of the previous section), it
should set SXE = 0 (register GR2, bit 3). This will
cause any TEs currently accessing the D channel to
relinquish the D channel due to a collision detection
(i.e., the TE’s outgoing D bit will differ from its
incoming E bit).
3. The POTS controller should delay 1.5 ms, then set
UXD = 0 (register DFR1, bit 0) to allow local control
of the upstream D channel. Then it can assume
control of the D channel and begin to transmit and
receive call control packets via the HDLC formatter.
The 1.5 ms delay guarantees that at least seven 1s
will be transmitted in the upstream D-channel data
stream before the local controller sends the opening
flag of its first packet. Thus, if the last bit that a TE
transmitted on the D channel (before SXE = 0 was
set) was a 0, the transmission of at least seven 1s
will cause an abort HDLC message to be recognized by the switch, which properly notifies the
switch that the TE that was in the process of sending a packet aborted that transmission.
4. When the POTS controller has completed its Dchannel message, it should set SXE = 1 to relinquish control of the D channel.
More intelligence can be built into the D-channel algorithm if desired. For example, since the downstream Dchannel messages are always being monitored, it is
possible to determine whether a call setup to a TE is in
progress. If so, the POTS controller can hold off a local
TA call request until the TE call setup is complete. In
addition, after each D-channel access, the POTS controller can allow adequate time for a TE to exchange
call control messages with a switch before taking over
the D channel again. The timing for these sequences
would be managed by the TA controller software.
One issue in this application concerns the D-channel
priority mechanism because the D channel must be
shared between the TA circuitry and any TEs that are
connected to the S/T-interface. Below is an approach
for implementing the D-channel priority mechanism.
60
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Application Briefs (continued)
D-Channel Priority (continued)
Activation Control
Because there is no guarantee that a TE will be connected in this application, the local microprocessor
must be provisioned to perform a layer-1 activation
request as follows:
1. Write AUTOACT = 0 (register GR0, bit 6) to initiate
start-up on the U-interface. This results in XACT = 1
(register CFR1, bit 1). The AUTOACT bit will be set
to a 1 automatically after the start-up request is
made. This permits another activation attempt by
writing AUTOACT = 0 again (without first writing it
back to 1) if the start-up attempt fails.
A switch-initiated start-up is detected by the local
microprocessor when XACT = 1 (register CFR1, bit
1). This event can be indicated by an interrupt (INT,
pin 11) by writing the interrupt mask bit OUSCM = 0
(register UIR1, bit 3) and calling the interrupt routine
when UINT = 1 (register GIR0, bit 0). The OUSC
interrupt (register UIR0, bit 3) indicates a bit change
in either CFR1 or CFR2. Read these registers to
determine which of these bits has changed since
the last read.
In either of the above cases, it may be necessary to
set the sai[1:0] bits in register GR1 to 01. This has
the effect of indicating S/T-interface activity to the
switch even when no TE is attached. Some switches
require the reception of sai = 1 in order to properly
establish layer 1 transparency.
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
3. If XACT = 0, the start-up attempt has failed and
appropriate action should be taken depending on
the system requirements (it may be desirable to
attempt another start-up).
4. If OOF = 1, U-interface synchronization is complete.
Set ACTT = 1 (register GR1, bit 4). This will set the
upstream ACT = 1 on the U-interface independent
of actions on the S/T-interface. It may be desirable
to delay several tens of milliseconds between
detecting OOF and setting ACTT = 1 to allow the
S/T-interface time to activate if there is a TE present.
If this is the case, the upstream act bit will automatically be set, but manually setting ACTT = 1 is permissible.
5. After setting ACTT = 1, wait for ACTR = 1 (register
CFR1, bit 0). This event can be indicated by an
interrupt (INT, pin 11) in a similar manner as
described in (1) above. The reception of ACTR = 1,
enables U-interface transparency in the upstream
direction, so it is not necessary to do so explicitly by
setting XPCY = 0 (register GR1, bit 5).
At this point, layer-1 activation is complete. Note that
the above steps 1—5 occur automatically if there is a
TE connected or if the LT starts up and sends an eoc
loopback-2 request (2B+D loopback). However, having
the microprocessor perform these steps ensures layer
1 activation independently of the presence of a TE.
After layer 1 activation is complete, the XACT bit (register CFR1, bit 1) can be monitored for a state change to
0. This provides an indication to the local microprocessor that layer 1 has deactivated. When this occurs, set
ACTT = 0 (register GR1, bit 4) to prepare for the next
start-up attempt.
2. Look for XACT = 0 or OOF = 1 (register CFR1, bits
1 and 2). These events can be indicated by an interrupt INT, pin 11) in a similar manner as described in
(1) above.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
61
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
Interfacing the T7256 to the Motorola
68302
Introduction
The Motorola MC68302 integrated multiprotocol processor (IMP) contains a 68000 core integrated with a
flexible communications architecture. It has three serial
communications controllers (SCCs) that can be independently programmed to support the following protocols and physical interfaces.
Table 31. Motorola MC68302 SCC Options
Protocols
HDLC/SDLC
UART
BISYNC
DDCMP
V.110 Rate Adaption
Transparent
Physical Interfaces
Motorola IDL
GCI
PCM Highway
NMSI (nonmultiplexed
serial interface)
—
—
The PCM interface option of the SCCs is appropriate
for interfacing to the T7256 TDM highway to provide
access to B- and D-channel data. The SCCs allow
ISDN B-channel transfers that support applications
such as V.120 rate adaption (synchronous HDLC
mode) and voice storage (transparent mode). However,
the T7256 does not output all signals that are required
to connect directly to the SCC and some external circuitry (e.g., an EPLD) is required in order to interface
the T7256 TDM highway to the MC68302 SCC PCM
highway. Users of the Motorola MC68360 should note
that the T7256 can be connected directly to the PCM
highway of the MC68360 without the use of any such
glue logic.
The MC68302 contains a 3-wire serial interface called
an SCP (serial communications port). The SCP may be
directly connected to the T7256 serial microprocessor
interface to control the T7256 register configuration.
The MC68302 also has programmable ports A (16 bits)
and B (12 bits) that are bit-wise programmable and can
be used as an alternative to the SCP to drive the T7256
serial microprocessor interface.
Figure 23 illustrates the interface connections between
the MC68302 and the T7256. A discussion of the TDM
and microprocessor interfaces follows.
MC68302
T7256
PA0
PA1
PCM MODE
SIGNALS
L1SY0
L1SY1
L1CLK
L1RXD
L1TXD
SCP
SIGNALS
SPRXD
SPTXD
SPCLK
CKOUT
GLUE
LOGIC
FS
TDMCLK
TDMDO
TDMDI
TDM
INTERFACE
SDO
SDI
SCK
MICROPROCESSOR
INTERFACE
(OPTION #1)
SDO
SDI
SCK
MICROPROCESSOR
INTERFACE
(OPTION #2)
– OR –
PARALLEL PORT B
SIGNALS
PB0
PB1
PB2
5-4046(C).b
Figure 23. MC68302 to T7256 Interface Diagram
62
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Application Briefs (continued)
Interfacing the T7256 to the Motorola
68302 (continued)
Using the Motorola MC68302 PCM Mode to Interface
to the T7256 TDM Highway
In PCM mode, any number of the MC68302 internal
SCCs can be multiplexed to support a TDM type of
interface (see Section 4.4.3, PCM Highway Mode in the
MC68302 Data Book). The SCCs in PCM mode require
a data-in lead (L1RXD) for receive data, a data-out
lead (L1TXD) for transmit data, and a common receive
and transmit data clock to clock data into and out of the
SCCs (L1CLK). These signals are directly compatible
with the T7256 TDM highway. In addition, the PCMmode SCCs require two data synchronization signals,
L1SY1 and L1SY0, which route specific TDM time slots
to the SCCs. These signals are not directly supported
by T7256, and some glue logic is required to generate
them.
The L1SY0/1 signal pair combinations are used to
select between PCM channels 1, 2, and 3 (or to select
no PCM channel), where each channel is routed to one
of the SCCs (routing is controlled by software). They
can be set up in an envelope mode such that the they
are active for N bits, where N determines the number of
bits in a time slot. Values of N equal to 7 and 8 are
required to interface to the T7256 TDM highway Bchannel time slots (for 56 kbits/s or 64 kbits/s data,
respectively). A value of N equal to 2 is required to
interface to the D-channel time slots. Table 32 lists the
L1SY0/1 channel assignments for the T7256-toMC68302 interface circuit.
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
The interface circuit can be easily implemented in a
programmable logic device. An example is presented
here using the Altera* EPM7032 EPLD. The EPM7032
was selected for this example because it is used on the
SCNT1 Family Reference Design Board (SCNT1-RDB)
to implement this same function, so the design files
presented here have already been proven on an actual
hardware platform (consult Appendix B, SCNT1 Family
Reference Design Board Hardware User Manual,
MN96-011ISDN, for detailed design information). The
design uses 43% of the EPM7032, which leaves a
large portion of the device available for other glue functions that may be required. If no other system glue is
required, the design can be ported to a smaller,
cheaper EPLD.
The inputs to the circuit from the T7256 are FS, TDMCLK, and CKOUT (CKOUT must be programmed to a
frequency of 10 MHz via register GR0, bits 2—1 in
order for the circuit to operate properly). The inputs to
the circuit from the 68302 are PA0 and PA1 (parallel
port A, bits 0 and 1), which are used to control the 7-bit
envelope mode on the B1 and B2 channels. These two
signals are called 7BIT_B1 and 7BIT_B2 in the design
files and, when set high, enable the 7-bit time-slot
mode (otherwise, 8-bit time-slot mode is active). The
outputs from the circuit are L1SY0 and L1SY1, which
drive the corresponding signals on the 68302.
The design was implemented using the Altera
MAX+plus II development system. Figures 24, 25, 26,
and 27 illustrate the circuit schematic, Altera high-level
design language (AHDL) files, and the timing diagrams
for the design.
* Altera is a registered trademark of Altera Corporation.
Table 32. PCM Channel Selection
L1SY0
0
1
0
1
L1SY1
Channel Accessed
0
None
0
PCM Channel 1
(U-interface B1 channel)
1
PCM Channel 2
(U-interface B2 channel)
1
PCM Channel 3
(U-interface D channel)
Lucent Technologies Inc.
63
302_eplb@5
64
302_eplb@6
302_eplb@4
NOT
CLRN
PRN
CLRN
PRN
Q
Q
D
DFF
D
DFF
CLRN
PRN
CLRN
PRN
Q
Q
D
DFF
CLRN
PRN
Q
302_eplb@17
NOT
AND2
Counter Preset Circuit.
Generates pulse for 1/2 TDMCLK period
at each FS rising edge.
D
DFF
D
DFF
These pins are specified as inputs here to prevent an
assignment to them by the compiler. This allows them to
be reserved for future use, and ensures that these pins
aren't driven when they are not being used.
302_eplb@41
302_eplb@12
302_eplb@11
302_eplb@7
302_eplb@9
302_eplb@8
1st FF stage latches L1SY0/1 on TDMCLK falling edge.
2nd FF stage delays L1SY0/1 to meet hold time requirement
from TDMCLK falling edge to LYSY0/1 falling egde.
The purpose of this signal is to keep a stable logic
"0" level on pin 44 of the EPM7032. Otherwise, the
input would float, which violates Altera's design guidelines.
Notes: 1) CKOUT should be programmed to 10.24MHz (see T7237/56 data shet).
2) The FS strobe should be set active high, enveloping the B1 channel from
channel from the U interface (i.e. the 1rd time slot). This means that
GND
means that register TDR0 should be set to 11111111.
7/8-Bit Control Input (56/64 kbps)
302_eplb@1
302_eplb@43
8-bit Counter.
Counts on rising TDMCLK edge .
Presets to Count=1 on CTR_PRE .Decode Logic
for L1SY0/1.
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Sheet
January 1998
Application Briefs (continued)
Interfacing the T7256 to the Motorola 68302 (continued)
Figure 24. SCNT1-RDB EPLD Schematic
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
Interfacing the T7256 to the Motorola 68302 (continued)
8-Bit Up Counter (T-FF Based)
8-bit up-counter with async active-high CLR.
Note: CTR_PRE sets count = 1.
SUBDESIGN ctr_8 (
clk,
ctr_pre
:INPUT;
q[7..0]
:OUTPUT;
)
VARIABLE
count[7..0] :DFF;
BEGIN
count[].clk = clk;
count[7..1].clrn = !ctr_pre;
count[0].prn = !ctr_pre;
count[] = count[] + 1;
q[] = count[];
END;
% counter gets preset to count = 1 on clr %
Sync Decode Logic
Decode logic for frame sync. Generates L1SY0/1 logic and shifts them left by 1/2 bit relative to FS.
SUBDESIGN dec_sync (
cnt[7..0],
7BIT_B1,
7BIT_B2
INPUT;
L1SY0a,
L1SY1a
OUTPUT
)
BEGIN
L1SY0a=
# (cnt[] == 0) # (cnt[] == 1) # (cnt[] == 2)
# (cnt[] == 3) # (cnt[] == 4) # (cnt[] == 5)
# (cnt[] == 6) # ((cnt[] == 7) & !7BIT_B1)
# (cnt[] == 16) # (cnt[] == 17);
L1SY1a=
# (cnt[] == 8) # (cnt[] == 9) # (cnt[] == 10)
# (cnt[] == 11) # (cnt[] == 12) # (cnt[] == 13)
# (cnt[] == 14) # ((cnt[] == 15) & !7BIT_B2)
# (cnt[] == 16) # (cnt[] == 17);
END;
Figure 25. SCNT1-RDB EPLD AHDL Design Files
Lucent Technologies Inc.
65
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Sheet
January 1998
Application Briefs (continued)
[B] |ctr_8:26|:52
[B] r_8:26|q[7..0] FE
[O] L1SY0
[O] L1SY1
[I] FS
[I] TDMCLK
[I] CKOUT
[I] 7BIT_B2
Name:
[I] 7BIT_B1
FF
00
01
125.125us
02
03
04
126.75us
05
06
07
08
128.375us
09
0A
0B
130.0us
0C
0D
0E
131.625us
0F
10
11
133.25us
12
13
14
Interfacing the T7256 to the Motorola 68302 (continued)
Figure 26. SCNT1-RDB EPLD Timing (8-bit)
66
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
[B] |ctr_8:26|:52
[B] r_8:26|q[7..0] FE
[O] L1SY0
[O] L1SY1
[I] FS
[I] TDMCLK
[I] CKOUT
[I] 7BIT_B2
Name:
[I] 7BIT_B1
FF
00
01
125.125us
02
03
04
126.75us
05
06
07
08
128.375us
09
0A
0B
130.0us
0C
0D
0E
131.625us
0F
10
11
133.25us
12
13
14
Interfacing the T7256 to the Motorola 68302 (continued)
Figure 27. SCNT1-RDB EPLD Timing (7-bit)
Lucent Technologies Inc.
67
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
Interfacing the T7256 to the Motorola
68302 (continued)
To enable the TDMCLK and FS signals and generate
the FS signal in the proper time slot, the following
T7256 register bits must be programmed:
Register GR2, bit 5 (TDMEN) = 0.
Register DFR1, bits 7:5 (TDMDU, TDMB2U, TDMB1U)
= 000.
Register TDR0, bit 3:0 (FSP, FSC[2:0]) = 1111
(default).
Detailed information on T7256 activation control and
configuration of the microprocessor registers can be
found in the Application Briefs, Using the T7256 in a
Combination NT1/TA Environment section in this document.
As an example of programming the MC68302 SIMODE
register bits for PCM mode, the following settings will
enable PCM mode and route the B2 channel to SCC1,
the B1 channel to SCC2, and the D channel to SCC3.
The ISDN signaling protocol stack (Q.931 and LAPD)
would communicate via SCC3, and any higher-layer
data protocol such as V.120 or V.110 would communicate via SCC1 and SCC2, as required.
SETZ = 0, SYNC = 1, SDIAG1:SDIAG0 = 00, SDC2 =
0, SDC1 = 0, B2RB:B2RA = 01, B1RB:B1RA = 10,
DRB:DRA = 11, MSC3 = 0, MSC2 = 0, and MS1:MS0 =
01.
T7256 Serial Microprocessor Interface Support
The MC68302 SCP interface is a 3-wire serial interface
that may be directly connected to the T7256 microprocessor interface. The SCP interface is implemented in
the MC68302 hardware, and the only software interaction required is to set up the SCP interface, to transmit/
receive SCP bytes, and to respond to SCP events (the
SCP interrupt).
There are several points to note when interfacing the
T7256 to the MC68302 microprocessor interface.
1. Register bit CI (clock invert) in the MC68302
SPMODE register should be set to 1 to invert the
MC68302 SCP clock in order to meet the T7256
microprocessor timing specifications.
68
Data Sheet
January 1998
2. The MC68302 SCP clock, SPCLK, may be programmed to run as high as 4.096 MHz. The minimum rate of the SCP SPCLK, assuming the slower
16.384 MHz version of the MC68302 with a maximum divide-down prescale of 64, is 256 kHz. The
minimum and maximum rates of the T7256 SCK are
60 kHz and 960 kHz, respectively, and care should
be taken to ensure that the MC68302 is programmed to a clock rate that is compatible with
T7256.
3. Every T7256 access consists of two 8-bit transfers,
where the first is the command/address byte and
the second is the data byte. There must be a delay
of 10 µs between every 8-bit register access to
meet the T7256 microprocessor timing specifications. The back-to-back byte transmit delay of the
MC68302 SCP at the slowest SPCLK rate of
256 kHz can be anywhere from two to eight clocks,
or 7.8 µs to 31.25 µs. To ensure that the 10 µs delay
requirement is met, the MC68302 software must not
send the second byte of the 2-byte sequence for at
least 10 µs after the SCP processor clears the
DONE bit in the SCP transmit/receive buffer
descriptor (refer to Section 4.6.2 of the Motorola
MC68302 User Manual for further information).
4. During 2-byte data transfer over the MC68302 SCP,
8 bits will be shifted into the SCP receive buffer for
every 8 bits shifted out. For a T7256 read, the first
byte in the receive buffer should be discarded and
the second byte will contain the read data from the
T7256. For a write, both bytes should be discarded
from the SCP receive buffer.
5. The T7256 microprocessor interface lacks an
enable pin to permit multiple device communication
on a single MC68302 SCP. In these applications,
the T7256 microprocessor interface can be enabled/
disabled using a microprocessor parallel port pin to
control a 3-state buffer at SCK (pin 15).
An alternative method of interfacing the MC68302 to
the T7256 microprocessor interface is to use three
MC68302 parallel port pins (e.g., PB0, PB1, and PB2
in Figure 23) programmed as outputs and supporting
the T7256 microprocessor interface in software. The
timing of the SCK, SDI, and SDO signals can be implemented in software with a minimum amount of code.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
Available Tools for Evaluation of the T7256
Following is an explanation of the command syntax for
each command. Command-line parameters enclosed
in brackets [ ] represent optional parameters.
rd ['hex-addr']
SCNT1 Family Reference Design Board
The SCNT1 Family Reference Design Board (SCNT1RDB) is a printed-circuit board platform that provides
an example implementation of an ISDN NT1 circuit
based on the Lucent T7256 or T7234. In addition, it can
be configured as an ISDN terminal adapter (TA) based
on the Lucent T7237. With the T7234 or T7256
installed, it is a fully functional NT1, with the exception
of power status monitoring circuitry (which can be
added by the user). It can be used as an evaluation
platform as well as a reference design. With the T7237
installed, it can be used to develop U-interface terminal
adapter applications (external control hardware is
required in this case). For complete information, consult the SCNT1 Family Reference Design Board Hardware User Manual (document # MN96-011ISDN).
SPEC_V2 Test Board
The SPEC_V2 is a circuit board that connects to a
T7256 or T7237-based product in order to provide various control and status operations. The SPEC_V2
board is controlled via an RS-232 terminal interface
(DB-25 connector J2). A PC running a standard terminal emulation package can be connected to J2 via one
of the PC’s COM ports.
The SPEC_V2 allows the operations in Table 33 to be
performed on the unit under test (i.e., the SPEC_UUT).
Table 33. SPEC_V2 Functions
Command
rd ['hex-addr']
mon ['hex-addr'] [/s]
wr 'hex-addr' 'hex-data'
spulse 'pol/mag'
eye
srst
help
Function
Read SCNT1 register(s)
Continuously monitor
SCNT1 register(s)
Write SCNT1 register
Enable single pulse
mode
Enable EYE pattern
mode
Perform a h/w reset of
SCNT1
Display a list of available
commands.
Note: Optional command-line parameters are shown in brackets.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Read SCNT1 register(s).
The rd command, when entered with no command line
parameters, reads and displays each internal register
address and the corresponding contents in the following format, where the top row (beginning with A:) displays the hexadecimal address and the bottom row
(beginning with D:) displays the register data corresponding to the address directly above it. For example,
if each register contained its address, the resulting display would appear as follows:
A:00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d
0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
D:00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d
0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
When the rd command is entered with the optional
command line parameter representing the hexadecimal
address of the desired register to read (for example,
“rd c”), the resulting display is as follows:
Addr: 0x0c Data: 0xff
mon ['hex-addr'] [/s]
Continuously monitor SCNT1 register(s).
This command is identical to the rd command, with the
following exception—the address and data of the specified register (or all registers if no ‘hex-addr’ parameter
is specified) are continuously read and updated on the
terminal screen. In addition, there is an optional parameter, /s, that can be specified. This causes each successive register refresh to appear on a new line (as
opposed to the same line). Thus, the terminal display
will scroll as the values are updated. This can be useful
for terminal emulators that have a scrollback buffer,
since a history of the register contents and changes is
available on screen.
To exit this mode, press the ESC key.
wr 'hex-addr' 'hex-data'
Write SCNT1 register.
This command allows ‘hex-data’ to be written to the
register at ‘hex-addr’. For example, to write the value
0xef to register address 0x0a, the following would be
entered.
wr a ef
69
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
Using the SPEC_V2
Available Tools for Evaluation of the T7256
To use the SPEC_V2, connect it to a terminal emulator
configured for 9600 baud, 8-bit, 1 stop bit, no parity, full
duplex, and XON/XOFF flow control. A +5 V supply
should be connected to connector J3 using the screwterminal block provided with the board (the +5 V lead
gets connected to pin 1 of J3, and the return lead gets
connected to pin 2). When power is applied, LED D1
should illuminate to indicate that there is power to the
board. Once connected to the UUT, the SPEC_V2
should not be powered down, since it may cause the
UUT to malfunction.
(continued)
spulse 'pol/mag'
Enable single pulse mode.
Single pulse mode is for performing pulse template
tests on the U- and S/T-interfaces. For the U-interface,
the chip is placed into a mode in which it periodically
(every 125 µs) outputs a single isolated pulse whose
magnitude and polarity depend on the ‘pol/mag’ command line parameter, which can be +1, +3, –1, and –3.
For the S/T-interface, the I.430-defined Loop C is set up
so that S/T test equipment such as the Siemens*
K1403 can transmit a fixed pattern and expect to
receive the same pattern (this is a common way of performing pulse template tests on the S/T-interface).
Prior to activating this mode, the U- and S/T-interfaces
should be disconnected from the SCNT1-based product until after the mode is entered, at which point they
may be reconnected.
eye
Enable EYE pattern mode.
This mode is for viewing the eye pattern of the received
signal at the input to the slicer. This gives a good indication of the receiver performance and shows the
effect of impairments such as NEXT. The eye pattern
signal is available at BNC connector J5.
srst
Performs a h/w reset of SCNT1.
help
Displays a list of available commands.
SPEC_V2-to-UUT Interface Description
The unit under test (UUT) is connected to J1 on the
SPEC_V2 board via one of the two supplied ribbon
cable assemblies. If the SCNT1-RDB board is being
used as the UUT, the ribbon cable assembly with the
16-pin ribbon header at both ends can be used and will
be connected to the SCNT1-RDB at connector J3 (the
general-purpose interface). If such a connector is not
available on the UUT, the ribbon cable assembly with a
16-pin dual header on one end and a PLCC-44 IC clip
on the other can be used to clip directly to the SCNT1
chip on the UUT. If the SCNT1 is socketed or otherwise
not accessible with an IC clip, some other method of
access to the required signals must be provided.
The J1 connector pinouts are shown in Table 34. The
J1 signals are assigned such that a straight 16-pin ribbon cable assembly can be connected directly between
J1 of the SPEC_V2 and the general-purpose interface,
J3, of the T7237/56 Reference Design Board (SCNT1RDB). In this case, the signal CKOUT should be routed
through a BNC cable for isolation and shielding. Signals that are provided on J3 of the SCNT1-RDB but not
used by the SPEC_V2 are noted in the last column. If
an alternative cabling arrangement is used, note that
the signals in the Signal Name column must be provided at the UUT interface point unless otherwise
noted (GNDD need be provided only once).
* Siemens is a registered trademark of Siemens Aktiengesellschaft.
70
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
Available Tools for Evaluation of the T7256 (continued)
IMPORTANT NOTE: In order to use the SPEC_V2 with your product, you must adhere to the following guidelines:
■
Make sure none of the signals in the Signal Name column of Table 34 are hardwired to VCC or GND (with the
exception of GNDD). If you need to tie any of these signals high or low, do it through a 5.1 kΩ resistor.
■
Make sure that circuitry on your board that is driving any of the Signal Name signals can be disabled (3-stated,
open collector output driver turned off, or signal trace cut, if necessary) when using the SPEC_V2.
Table 34. SPEC_V2 Interface Connector Pinouts
*
J1
Pin
#
Signal
Name
T7237/
56 Pin #
Notes
GNDD
—
GNDD
—
SCK
CKOUT
INT
SDO
SDI
PS1E
—
SPEC_V2
Input/
Output
X
—
X
—
O
I
I
I
O
I
—
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
16
—
10
—
15
17
11
14
12
9
—
12
13
14
TDMDI
SYN8K
—
I
O
—
7
4
—
15
16
RESET
HIGHZ
O
I
43
44
—
Connects to VDDD when interfacing to SCNT1-RDB.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
PS1E becomes an output from T7237/56 in test mode.
Connects to PS2E (T7237/56 pin #8) when interfacing to
SCNT1_RDB.
—
—
Connects to ILOSS (T7237/56 pin #6) when interfacing to SCNT1RDB.
Recommended but not mandatory.*
HIGHZ becomes an output from T7237/56 in test mode.
If RESET is not connected, the T7237/56 will not be RESET when exiting mode 2 or 3. If this is the case, the UUT must be powered down to
get the SCNT1 out of test mode.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
71
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Application Briefs (continued)
Notes on Single Pulse Mode
Available Tools for Evaluation of the T7256
Note that, when a single pulse is output on the U-interface, the following will be observed: approximately
25 ms after the rising edge of a single positive pulse, a
small positive glitch will occur. This is more pronounced
on +1 pulses than on +3 pulses, where it is hardly
detectable. The cause of the glitch is well understood
and was thoroughly investigated during the chip development to ensure that it causes no harm under normal
operating conditions.
(continued)
Resetting SCNT1
The SPEC_V2 board has a push-button RESET switch
(S1) that may be used to RESET the 8751 microcontroller on the SPEC_V2. Asserting RESET will restart
the SPEC_V2 firmware. Upon power-on or RESET, the
SPEC_V2 displays the opening screen on the terminal,
and it appears as follows:
Lucent Technologies
SPEC_V2 Control Software, V 1.0, 6/2/96
(type "help" (lower case) for a list of commands)
At this point, any of the commands in Table 33 may be
entered.
If the current test mode is either single pulse or eye
pattern mode, the microcontroller will reset the SCNT1
when exiting that mode. This is necessary because the
only way to exit these test modes is by resetting
SCNT1 or cycling the power. The reset is accomplished
by pulling the SCNT1 RESET line (pin 43) low. Note
that this requires that any device on the UUT that
drives that RESET pin must have an open-drain or 3statable type of output. If RESET cannot be pulled low
due to device contention on the UUT, the UUT must be
powered down to get the SCNT1 out of test mode.
72
The explanation is as follows. The transmit sigma-delta
modulator in the SCNT1 is RESET whenever a transition from nonzero data to zero data occurs. It was
designed this way for ease of production testing, so
that the sigma-delta is always initialized to a known
state. This resetting is what causes the glitch. In normal
operation, the nonzero to zero case will never occur,
except when the transceiver is going from an active
state to RESET. In this case, there is a control signal
that grounds the input to the line driver to force it to
transmit 0 V (i.e., forces it into a low-impedance state—
this feature grew out of the ANSI requirements), so the
sigma-delta modulator has no effect in this case.
Thus, the glitch never occurs in normal operation and
should be ignored when observing the pulse output.
This has been confirmed independently at Bellcore
using their test bed that digitizes the chip output under
normal operation, and then reconstructs the pulse
shape using DSP filtering techniques.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent or latent damage to the device. These
are absolute stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in
excess of those given in the operation sections of the data sheet. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for
extended periods can adversely affect device reliability.
External leads can be soldered safely at temperatures up to 300 °C.
Parameter
dc Supply Voltage Range
Power Dissipation (package limit)
Storage Temperature
Voltage (any pin) with Respect to GND
Symbol
VDD
PD
Tstg
—
Min
–0.5
—
–55
–0.5
Max
6.5
800
150
6.5
Unit
V
mW
°C
V
Handling Precautions
Although protection circuitry has been designed into this device, proper precautions should be taken to avoid exposure to electrostatic discharge (ESD) during handling and mounting. Lucent employs a human-body model (HBM)
and charged-device model (CDM) for ESD-susceptibility testing and protection design evaluation. ESD voltage
thresholds are dependent on the circuit parameters used to defined the model. No industry-wide standard has
been adopted for the CDM. However, a standard HBM (resistance = 1500 Ω, capacitance = 100 pF) is widely used
and, therefore, can be used for comparison. The HBM ESD threshold presented here was obtained by using these
circuit parameters:
ESD Threshold Voltage
Device
Voltage
T7256-ML2
>1000
T7256-1ML
>1000
Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter
Ambient Temperature
Any VDD
GND to GND
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Symbol
TA
VDD
VGG
Test Conditions
VDD = 5 V ± 5%
—
—
Min
–40
4.75
–10
Typ
—
5.0
—
Max
85
5.25
10
Unit
°C
V
mV
73
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Electrical Characteristics
All characteristics are for a 15.36 MHz crystal, 135 Ω line load, random 2B+D data, TA = –40 °C to +85 °C,
VDD = 5 V ± 5%, GND = 0 V, and output capacitance = 50 pF.
Power Consumption
Table 35. Power Consumption
Parameter
Power Consumption
Power Consumption
Test Conditions
Operating, random data
Min
—
Typ
270
Max
350
Unit
mW
Powerdown mode
—
35
50
mW
Pin Electrical Characteristics
Table 36. Digital dc Characteristics (Over Operating Ranges)
Parameter
Input Leakage Current:
Low
High
Low
High
Input Voltage:
Low
High
Low-to-high Threshold
High-to-low Threshold
Low
High
Output Leakage Current:
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Output Voltage:
Low, TTL
High, TTL
74
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Max
Unit
IILPU
IIHPU
IILPD
IIHPD
VIL = 0 (pins 2, 6, 7, 11, 44)
VIH = VDD (pins 2, 6, 7, 11, 44)
VIL = 0 (pins 8, 9, 12, 15, 43)
VIH = VDD (pins 8, 9, 12, 15, 43)
–52
—
–10
–10
–10
–10
—
–52
µA
µA
µA
µA
VIL
VIH
VILS
VIHS
VILC
VIHC
All pins except 2, 6, 43
All pins except 2, 6, 43
Pin 43
Pin 43
Pins 2, 6
Pins 2, 6
—
2.0
VDD – 0.5
—
—
0.7 VDD
0.8
—
—
0.5
0.2 VDD
—
V
V
V
V
V
V
IOZL
IOZH
VOL = 0, Pin 44 = 0 (pins 3, 14)
VOH = VDD, Pin 44 = 0 (pins 3, 14)
VOL = 0, Pin 44 = 0 (pin 11)
VOH = VDD, Pin 44 = 0 (pin 11)
VOL = 0, Pin 44 = 0 (pins 4, 8, 9, 17)
VOH = VDD, Pin 44 = 0 (pins 4, 8, 9, 17)
—
–10
–52
—
–10
10
10
—
–10
10
—
52
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
IOL = 4.5 mA (pin 3)
IOL = 19.5 mA (pins 4, 9)
IOL = 8.2 mA (pins 8, 17)
IOL = 6.5 mA (pin 14)
IOL = 3.3 mA (pin 11)
IOH = 32.2 mA (pins 4, 9)
IOH = 13.5 mA (pins 8, 17)
IOH = 10.4 mA (pins 3, 14)
IOH = 5.1 mA (pin 11)
—
—
—
—
—
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
—
—
—
—
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
IOZLPU
IOZHPU
IOZLPD
IOZHPD
VOL
VOH
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
S/T-Interface Receiver Common-Mode Rejection
Table 37. S/T-Interface Receiver Common-Mode Rejection
Parameter
Common-mode Rejection (at device pins)
Symbol
CMR
Specifications
400
Unit
mV
Crystal Characteristics
Table 38. Fundamental Mode Crystal Characteristics
These are the characteristics of a parallel resonant crystal for meeting the ±100 ppm requirements of T1.601 for NT
operation. The parasitic capacitance of the PC board to which the T7256 crystal is mounted must be kept within the
range of 0.6 pF ± 0.4 pF.
Parameter
Center Frequency
Tolerance Including Calibration,
Temperature Stability, and Aging
Drive Level
Series Resistance
Shunt Capacitance
Motional Capacitance
Symbol
FO
TOL
Test Conditions
With 25.0 pF of loading
—
Specifications
15.36
±70
Unit
MHz
ppm
DL
RS
CO
CM
Maximum
Maximum
—
—
0.5
20
3.0 ± 20%
12 ± 20%
mW
Ω
pF
fF
Table 39. Internal PLL Characteristics
Parameter
Total Pull Range
Jitter Transfer Function
Jitter Peaking
Test Conditions
—
–3 dB point (NT), 18 kft 26 AWG
1.5 Hz typical
Min
±250
—
—
Typ
—
5*
1.0*
Max
—
—
—
Unit
ppm
Hz
dB
* Set by digital PLL; therefore, variations track U-interface line rate.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
75
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Timing Characteristics
TA = –40 °C to +85 °C, VDD = 5 V ± 5%, GND = 0 V, crystal frequency = 15.36 MHz.
For Figure 28, assume register TDR0 = F9, DFR1 = 1E, and DFR0 = F5.
Table 40. TDM Bus Timing
Ref
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Parameter
FS Pulse Frequency
TDMCLK to FS High
TDMCLK to FS Low
TDMCLK Frequency
TDMCLK Width High
TDMCLK Width Low
Receive (TDMDI) Setup Time
Receive (TDMDI) Hold Time
Transmit (TDMDO) Time to High Impedance
TDMCLK to Transmit (TDMDO) Valid
Min
—
—
—
—
162
195
25
25
—
—
Typ
8
—
—
2.048
230
260
—
—
—
—
Max
—
15
15
—
293
326
—
—
45*
50
Unit
kHz
ns
ns
MHz
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
* When connecting the T7256 TDM bus to Lucent devices with a CHI (concentration highway interface), the CHI must be able to withstand
45 ns of bus contention. For this length of time, two devices may be driving the bus. After this time, the output current is less than 10% of the
output high and output low currents. The TDMD0 pin on the T7256 was designed to withstand 80 ns of bus contention.
1
FS
3
4
2
TDMCLK
1
2
3
4
5
5
16
17
18
B11
B12
B13
B14
2
B11
B12
9
10
TDMDO
1
6
B15
B28
D1
D2
7
8
TDMDI
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B28
D1
D2
B11
B12
5-4682(C).a
Figure 28. TDM Bus Timing
76
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Timing Characteristics (continued)
Table 41. Clock Timing (See Figure 29.)
Symbol
SYN8K
CKOUT
Parameter
Duty Cycle
Duty Cycle:
In 15.36 MHz Mode
In 10.24 MHz Mode
Rise or Fall Time
CKOUT Clock to Frame Sync (SYN8K)
CKOUT Clock Rise or Fall
tR1, tF1
tCOLFH
tR2, tF2
Min
49.8
Typ
—
Max
50.2
Unit
%
40
23*
—
—
—
—
—
30
—
15
60
52*
—
50
—
%
%
ns
ns
ns
* Includes the effect of phase steps generated by the digital phase-locked loop.
tR1
SYN8K
tF1
tCOLFH
tR2
CKOUT
tF2
5-3460 (C)
Figure 29. Timing Diagram Referenced to SYN8K
Table 42. RESET Timing
Parameter
tRSLFL, tFLRSH
tRSLRSH
Description
RESET Setup and Hold Time
RESET Low Time:
From Idle Mode or Normal Operation
From Power-on
Min
60
Max
—
Unit
ns
375
1.5
—
—
µs
ms
SYN8K
tFLRSH
tRSLFL
RESET
tRSLRSH
5-3462 (C)
Figure 30. RESET Timing Diagram
Lucent Technologies Inc.
77
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Timing Characteristics (continued)
Switching Test Input/Output Waveform
2.4 V
2.4 V
2.0 V
2.0 V
TEST POINTS
0.8 V
0.8 V
0.4 V
0.4 V
If RESET is asserted asychronously to SYN8K (which
will typically be the case), its falling edge may violate
the setup time with respect to SYN8K. Therefore, an
additional frame time (125 µs) will elapse before a
falling edge of SYN8K occurs that will satisfy criterion
#1, above. This means, that to guarantee the RESET
requirements are met for parameter tRSLRSH, RESET
should be held low for a minimum of 500.120 µs
(4 frames + 1 setup time + 1 hold time).
5-2118 (C)
Figure 31. Switching Test Waveform
Figure 31 assumes that pin 12 (SDI) is low when
RESET is asserted. The meaning of the setup and hold
times tRSLFL and tFLRSH is as follows.
Propagation Delay
The maximum propagation delay from the S/T-interface
to the U-interface (upstream direction) is 750 µs. The
maximum propagation delay from the U-interface to the
S/T-interface (downstream direction) is 550 µs.
From the time RESET goes low, the following events
must occur:
1. A falling edge of SYN8K must occur that meets the
setup time with respect to RESET falling edge.
2. At least two additional falling edges of SYN8K (i.e.,
frames) must occur.
3. A falling edge of SYN8K must occur that meets the
hold time with respect to RESET rising edge.
78
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Outline Diagram
44-Pin PLCC
Controlling dimensions are in inches.
17.526 ± 0.127
16.586 ± 0.076
PIN #1 IDENTIFIER
ZONE
6
1
40
7
39
16.586
± 0.076
17.526
± 0.127
29
17
18
28
4.572
MAX
SEATING PLANE
1.27 TYP
0.51 MIN
TYP
0.330/0.533
0.10
5-2506r8
Note: The dimensions in this outline diagram are intended for informational purposes only. For detailed schematics to assist your design efforts,
please contact your Lucent Technologies Sales Representative.
Ordering Information
Device Code
T7256- - -ML2-D
T7256- - -ML2-DT
T7256A - -ML-D
T7256A - -ML-DT
Shipping Method
Dry Pack—Sticks
Dry Pack—Tape & Reel
Dry Pack—Sticks
Dry Pack—Tape & Reel
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Package
44-Pin PLCC
44-Pin PLCC
44-Pin PLCC
44-Pin PLCC
Temperature
–40 °C to +85 °C
–40 °C to +85 °C
–40 °C to +85 °C
–40 °C to +85 °C
Reliability
300 ppm
300 ppm
—
—
Comcode
107177065
107231672
107997413
108051806
79
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers
Introduction
This section is intended to answer questions that may
arise when using the T7256 Single-Chip NT1 Transceiver.
The questions and answers are divided into three categories: U-interface, S/T-interface, and miscellaneous.
U-Interface
Q1: Is the line interface for the T7256 the same as for
the T7264?
A1: Yes. The U-interface section on these chips is
identical, so their line interfaces are also identical.
Q2: Why is a higher transformer magnetizing inductance used (as compared to other vendors)?
A2: It has been determined that a higher inductance
provides better linearity. Furthermore, it has been
found that a higher inductance at the far end provides better receiver performance at the near end
and better probability of start-up at long loop
lengths.
Q3: Can the T7256 be used with a transformer that
has a magnetizing inductance of 20 mH?
A3: The echo canceler and tail canceler are optimized for a transformer inductance of approximately 80 mH and will not work with lower
inductance transformers.
Q4: Are the Lucent Technologies U-interface transformers available as surface-mount components?
A4: Not at this time.
Q5: Are there any future plans to make a smaller
height 2-wire transformer?
A5: Due to the rigid design specifications for the
transformer, vendors have found it difficult to
make the transformer any smaller. We are continuing to work with transformer vendors to see if
we can come up with a smaller solution.
80
Data Sheet
January 1998
Q6: The line interface components’ specifications
require 16.9 Ω resistors on the line side of the
transformer when using the 2754H2. For our
application, we would like to change this value.
Can the U-interface line-side circuit be redesigned to change the value of the line-side resistors?
A6: Yes. For example, the line-side resistances can
be reflected back to the device side of the transformer so that, instead of having 16.9 Ω on each
side of the transformer, there are no resistors on
the line side of the transformer and 24.4 Ω resistors on the device side (16.9 Ω + 16.9 Ω/N2,
where N is the turns ratio of the transformer).
Note that the reflected resistances should be kept
separate from the device-side 16.9 Ω resistors,
and located between VR1 and T1 in Figure 20.
This is necessary because the on-chip hybrid
network (pins HP, HN) is optimized for 16.9 Ω of
resistance between it and the LOP/LON pins.
Q7: Table 29, T7256 Reference Schematic Parts List,
states the 0.1 µF capacitor that is used with the
LH1465 (C15) must have an insulation resistance
of >2 GΩ. Why?
A7: This capacitor is used to set the gate/source voltage for the main transistor in the device. The
charging currents for this capacitor are on the
order of microamps. Since the currents are so
small, it is important to keep the capacitor leakage to a minimum.
Q8: The dc blocking capacitor (C16 in Figure 20)
specified is 1.0 µF. Can it be increased to at least
2 µF?
A8: This value can be increased to 2 µF without an
effect on performance. However, for an NT1 to be
compliant with T1.601-1992 Section 7.5.2.3, the
dc blocking capacitor must be 1.0 µF ± 10%.
Q9: Why is the voltage rating on 1 µF dc blocking
capacitor (C16 in Figure 20) so high (250 V)?
A9: In Appendix B of T1.601, the last section states
that consideration should be given to the handling
of three additional environmental conditions. The
third condition listed is maximum accidental ringing voltages of up to –200.5 V peak whose
cadence has a 33% duty cycle over a 6 s period.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Questions and Answers (continued)
U-Interface (continued)
A9: (continued)
This statement could be interpreted to mean that
a protector such as VR2 in Figure 20 should not
trip if subjected to a voltage of that amplitude.
This interpretation sets a lower limit on VR2’s
breakover rating. Since capacitor C16 will be
exposed to the same voltage as VR2, its voltage
rating must be greater than the maximum breakover rating of VR2. This sets an upper limit on the
protector breakover voltage. The result is a need
for a capacitor typically rated at about 250 V.
However, an argument can be made that it
doesn’t matter whether VR2 trips under this condition, since it is a fault condition anyway, and a
tripped protector won’t do any damage to a central office ringer.
The only other similar requirement, then, is found
in Footnote 8, referenced in Section 7.5.3 of ANSI
T1.601. The footnote implies that the maximum
voltage that an NT will see during metallic testing
is 90 V. The breakover voltage VR2 must be large
enough not to trip during the application of the
test voltage mentioned in the footnote. This
means that a protector with a minimum breakover
voltage of ≥90 V can be used that would permit a
capacitor of lower voltage rating (e.g., 150 V) to
be used. This is the approach we currently favor,
although Figure 20 illustrates the more conservative approach.
Q10: What is the purpose of the 3300 pF capacitors
(C13 and C14) in Figure 20 in the data sheet?
A10: The capacitors are for common-mode noise
rejection. The ANSI T1.601 specification contains
no requirements on longitudinal noise immunity.
Therefore, these capacitors are not required in
order to meet the specification. However, there
are guidelines in IEC 801-6 which suggest a
noise immunity of up to 10 Vrms between
150 kHz and 250 MHz. At these levels, the
10 kHz tone detector in the T7256 may be desensitized such that tone detection is not guaranteed
on long loops. The 3300 pF was selected to provide attenuation of this common-mode noise so
Lucent Technologies Inc.
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
that tone detector sensitivity is not adversely
affected. Since the 3300 pF capacitor was
selected based only on guidelines, it is not mandatory, but it is recommended in applications
which may be susceptible to high levels of common-mode noise. The final decision depends on
the specific application.
As for the size of the capacitors, lab tests indicate
the following:
1. The performance of the system suffers no
degradation until the values are increased to
about 0.1 µF.
2. The return loss at 25 kHz increases with
increasing capacitor value.
3. The capacitor value has no effect on longitudinal balance.
4. A large unbalance in the capacitor values did
not affect return loss, longitudinal balance, or
performance.
Q11: Are there any recommended common-mode filtering parts for the U-interface? I suspect that our
product may have emissions problems, and I
want to include a provision for common-mode filtering on the U-interface.
A11: The only common-mode filtering parts we have
any data on are two common-mode chokes from
Pulse Engineering (619-674-8100) that are
intended to help protect against external common-mode noise. The part numbers are
PE-68654 (12.5 mH) and PE-68635 (4.7 mH),
and in lab experiments, no noticeable degradation in transmission performance was observed.
These chokes are typically effective in the frequency range 100 kHz—1 MHz.
As far as emissions are concerned, we don’t have
a lot of data. We have seen some success with
the use of RJ-45 connectors that have integral
ferrite beads such as those from Corcom*, Inc.,
(708) 680-7400. These provide some flexibility in
that they have the same footprint as some standard RJ-45 connectors.
* Corcom is a registered trademark of Corcom, Inc.
81
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
Figure 32 is derived from the return loss template
in ANSI T1.601. Return loss is a measure of the
match between two impedances on either side of
a junction point. The following equation is an
expression of return loss in terms of the complex
impedances of the two halves of the circuit Z1, Z2.
U-Interface (continued)
Q12: I am planning on using a Raychem PTC (p/n
TR600-150) on the U-interface of the T7256
as shown in Figure 20. The device is rated at
6 Ω—12 Ω. I am concerned about the loose tolerance on the PTC resistance. Will I be able to pass
the return loss requirements in ANSI T1.601 Section 7.1?
RL (dB) = 20 log
Z1 + Z2
-------------------Z1 – Z2
When the impedances are not matched, the junction becomes a reflection point. For a perfectly
matched load, the return loss is infinite, whereas
for an open or short circuit, the return loss is zero.
The return loss expresses the ratio of incident to
reflected signal power and should consequently
be fairly high.
A12: The NT1 impedance limits looking into tip/ring are
derived from the T1.601 return loss requirements
(Figure 17 in T1.601). At the narrowest point in
the templates, the permissible range is between
111 Ω to 165 Ω. The tolerance on the PTC will
reduce the impedance margin somewhat, but
should still be acceptable.
10000
UPPER BOUND > 165 Ω
IMPEDANCE (Ω)
1000
100
LOWER BOUND < 110.4 Ω
10
1
1.0
1.4
2.0
2.8
4.0
5.6
7.9
11.2
15.8
22.4
31.6
44.7
63.1
89.1 125.9 177.8 251.2
FREQUENCY (kHz)
5-4056 (C)
Figure 32. Transceiver Impedance Limits
82
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
U-Interface (continued)
A12: (continued)
It is desirable to express the return loss in terms of impedance bounds, since an impedance measurement is
relatively simple to make. From the above equation, upper and lower bounds on impedance magnitude can be
derived as follows:
ZO = return loss reference impedance = 135 Ω
ZU = upper impedance curve
Upper bound (ZU > ZO) :
ZO + ZU
--------------------ZU – ZO
Lower bound (ZL < ZO):
RL (dB) = 20 log
ZO + ZL
-------------------ZU – ZL
Note that the higher the minimum return loss requirement, the tighter the impedance limits will be around
ZO, and vice versa.
So, for the upper bound, solve for ZU:
RL
ZU
– RL
----------- 
 ------

 10 20 + 1 
 1 + 10 20 
= Z O  ----------------------  = Z O  -------------------------
– RL
 RL


------------------ 
20
20
 10 – 1 
 1 – 10

For the lower bound, solve for ZL:
RL
ZU
A13: The purpose of the diode is to protect against
metallic surges below the breakdown level of the
primary protector.
Such metallic surges can be coupled through the
transformer and could cause device damage if
the currents are high. The protector does not provide absolute protection for the device, but it
works in conjunction with the built-in protection
on the device leads.
The breakdown voltage level for secondary protection devices must be chosen to be above the
normal working voltage of the signal and typically
below the breakdown voltage level of the next
stage of protection. The SM6T6V8CA has a minimum breakdown voltage level of 6.4 V and a
maximum breakdown voltage of 7.1 V.
ZL = lower impedance curve
RL (dB) = 20 log
Q13: Why must secondary protection, such as a SGSThomson SM6T6V8CA protection diode, be
used?
– RL
----------- 
 ------

 10 20 – 1 
 1 – 10 20 
= Z O  ----------------------- = Z O  --------------------------
– RL
 RL


------------------ 
20
20
 10 + 1 
 1 + 10

The chip pins that the SM6T6V8CA protects are
pins 36 (HP), 31 (HN), 32 (LOP), and 35 (LON).
The 16.9 Ω resistors will help to protect pins 32
and 35, but pins 31 and 36 will be directly
exposed to the voltage across the SM6T6V8CA.
The on-chip protection on these pins consists of
output diodes and a pair of polysilicon resistors.
These pins have been thoroughly tested to
ensure that a 7.1 V level will not damage them;
therefore, no third level of protection is needed
between the SM6T6V8CA and the HP and HN
pins.
The SM6T6V8CA has a maximum reverse surge
voltage level of 10.5 V at 57 A. Sustained currents this large on the device side of the transformer are not a concern in this application.
Thus, there should never be more than 7.1 V
across the SM6T6V8CA, except for possibly an
ESD or lightning hit. In these cases, the T7256 is
able to withstand at least ±1000 V (human-body
model) on its pins.
Plotting the above equations (using 135 for Zo and Figure 16 in T1.601 for the RL values) results in the graph
shown in Figure 32, which shows the return loss
expressed in terms of impedance upper and lower
bounds.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
83
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
U-Interface (continued)
Q14: Where can information be obtained on lightning
and surge protection requirements for 2B1Q
products?
A14: Requirements vary among applications and
between countries. ANSI T1.601, Appendix B,
provides a list of applicable specifications to
which you may refer. Also, there are many manufacturers of overvoltage protection devices who
are familiar with the specifications and would be
willing to assist in surge protection design. The
ITU-T K series recommendations are also a good
source of information on protection, especially
recommendation K.11, “Principles of Protection
Against Overvoltages and Overcurrents,” which
presents an overview of protection principles.
Also refer to the application notes mentioned in
the U-interface Description section of this data
sheet.
Q15: ITU-T specification K.21 describes a lightning
surge test for NT1s (see Figure 1/K.21 and Table
1/K.21, Test #1) in which both Tip and Ring are
connected to the source and a 1.5 kV voltage
surge is applied between this point and the GND
of the NT1. What are the protection considerations for this test? Are the HP and HN pins susceptible to damage?
A15: The critical component in this test is the transformer since its breakdown voltage must be
greater than 1.5 kV. Assuming this is the case,
the only voltage that will make it through to the
secondary side of the transformer will be primarily due to the interwinding capacitance of the
transformer coils. This capacitance will look like
an impedance to the common-mode surge and
will therefore limit current on the device side of
the transformer. The device-side voltage will be
clamped by the SM6T6V8CA device. The maximum breakdown voltage of the SM6T6V8CA is
7.1 V. The 16.9 Ω resistors will help protect the
LOP and LON pins on the T7256 from this voltage. However, this voltage will be seen directly on
pins 36 and 31 (HP and HN) on the T7256. The
on-chip protection on these pins consists of output diodes and a pair of polysilicon resistors.
These pins have been thoroughly tested to
ensure that an 7.4 V level will not damage them;
therefore, no third level of protection is needed
between the SM6T6V8CA and the HP and HN
pins.
84
Data Sheet
January 1998
Q16: Can the range of the T7256 on the U-interface be
specified in terms of loss? What is the range over
straight 24 awg wire?
A16: ANSI Standard T1.601, Section 5.1, states that
transceivers meeting the U-interface standard are
intended to operate over cables up to the limits of
18 kft (5.5 km) 1300 Ω resistance design. Resistance design rules specify that a loop (of singleor mixed-gauge cable; e.g., 22 awg, 24 awg, and
26 awg) should have a maximum dc resistance of
1300 Ω, a maximum working length of 18 kft, and
a maximum total bridged tap length of 6 kft.
The standard states that, in terms of loss, this is
equivalent to a maximum insertion loss of 42 dB
@ 40 kHz. Lucent Technologies has found that,
for assessing the condition of actual loops in the
field in a 2B1Q system, specifying insertion loss
as 33.4 dB @ 20 kHz more closely models ANSI
circuit operation. This is equivalent to a straight
26 awg cable with 1300 Ω dc resistance
(15.6 kft).
The above goals are for actual loops in the outside loop plant. These loops may be subjected to
noise and jitter. In addition, as mentioned above,
there may be bridge taps at various points on the
loop. The T1.601 standard defines 15 loops, plus
the null, or 0-length loop, which are intended to
represent a generic cross section of the actual
loop plant.
A 2B1Q system must perform over all of these
loops in the presence of impairments with an
error rate of <1e–7. Loop #1 (18 kft, where
16.5 kft is 26 awg cable and 1.5 kft is 24 awg
cable) is the longest, so it has the most loss
(37.6 dB @ 20 kHz and 47.5 dB @ 40 kHz). Note
that this is more loss than discussed in the preceding paragraph. The difference is based on test
requirements vs. field deployment. The test
requirements are somewhat more stringent than
the field goal in order to provide some margin
against severe impairments, complex bridged
taps, etc.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
U-Interface (continued)
A16: (continued)
If a transceiver can operate over Loop #1 errorfree, it should have adequate range to meet all
the other loops specified in T1.601. Loop #1 has
no bridged taps, so passing Loop #1 does not
guarantee that a transceiver will successfully
start up on every loop. Also, due to the complex
nature of 2B1Q transceiver start-up algorithms,
there may be shorter loops which could cause
start-up problems if the transceiver algorithm is
not robust. The T7256 has been tested on all of
the ANSI loops per the T1.601 standard and
passes them all successfully. Two loops commonly used in the lab to evaluate the performance of the T7256 silicon are as follows:
Loop
Configuration
Bridge
Taps (BT)
18 kft/26 awg
15 kft/26 awg
None
Two at near
end, each
3 kft/22 awg
Loss
@ 20
kHz
(dB)
38.7
37.1
Loss
@ 40
kHz
(dB)
49.5
46.5
The T7256 is able to start up and operate errorfree on both of these loops. Neither of these
loops is specified in the ANSI standard, but both
are useful for evaluation purposes. The first loop
is used because it is simple to construct and easy
to emulate using a lumped parameter cable
model, and it is very similar to ANSI Loop #1, but
the loss is slightly worse. Thus, if a transceiver
can start up on this loop and operate error-free,
its range will be adequate to meet the longest
ANSI loop. The second loop is used because,
due to its difficult bridge tap structure and its
length, it stresses the transceiver start-up algorithms more than any of the ANSI-defined loops.
Therefore, if a transceiver can start up on this
loop, it should be able to meet any of the ANSIdefined loops which have bridge taps. Also, on a
Lucent Technologies Inc.
straight 26 awg loop, the T7256 can successfully
start up at lengths up to 21 kft. This fact, combined with reliable start-up on the 15 kft 2BT loop
above, illustrates that the T7256 provides ample
start-up sensitivity, loop range, and robustness
on all ANSI loops. Another parameter of interest
is pulse height loss (PHL). PHL can be defined as
the loss in dB of the peak of a 2B1Q pulse relative to a 0-length loop. For an 18 kft 26 awg loop,
the PHL is about 36 dB, which is 2 dB worse than
on ANSI Loop #1. A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
measurement can be performed on the received
signal after all the signal processing is complete
(i.e., at the input to the slicer in the decision feedback equalizer). This is a measure of the ratio of
the recovered 2B1Q pulse height vs. the noise
remaining on the signal. The SNR must be
greater than 22 dB in order to operate with a bit
error rate of <1e–7. With no impairments, the
T7256 SNR is typically 32 dB on the
18 kft/26 awg loop. When all ANSI-specified
impairments are added, the SNR is about
22.7 dB, still leaving adequate margin to guarantee error-free operation over all ANSI loops.
Finally, to estimate range over straight 24 awg
cable, the 18 kft loop loss can be used as a limit
(since the T7256 can operate successfully with
that amount of loss) and the following calculations can be made:
Loss of 18 kft/26 awg loop @ 20 kHz
38.7 dB
Loss per kft of 24 awg cable @ 20 kHz
1.6 dB
38.7 dB
---------------------------- = 24 kft
1.6 dB / kft
Thus, the operating range over 24 awg cable is
expected to be about 24 kft.
Q17: What does the energy spectrum of a 2B1Q signal
look like?
A17: Figure A1 (curve P1) in the ANSI T1.601 standard illustrates what this spectrum looks like.
85
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
U-Interface (continued)
Q18: Please clarify the meaning of ANSI Standard
T1.601, Section 7.4.2, Jitter Requirement #3.
A18: The intent of this requirement is to ensure that
after a deactivation and subsequent activation
attempt (warm start), the phase of the receive
and transmit signals at the NT will be within the
specified limits relative to what they were prior to
deactivation. This is needed so that the LT, upon
a warm-start attempt, can make an accurate
assumption about the phase of the incoming NT
signal with respect to its transmit signal. Note that
the T7256 meets this requirement by design
because the NT phase offset from transmit to
receive is always fixed.
Q19: I need a way to generate a scrambled 2B1Q data
stream from the T7256 for test purposes (e.g.,
ANSI T1.601 Section 5.3.2.2, Total Power and
Section 7.2, Longitudinal Output Voltage). How
can I do this?
A19: A scrambled 2B1Q data stream (the “SN1” signal
described in ANSI T1.601 Table 5) can be generated by pulling ILOSS (pin 6) low on the T7256.
Q20: We are trying to do a return loss measurement on
the U-interface of the T7256 per ANSI T1.601
Section 7.1. We are using a circuit similar to the
one you recommend in the data sheet. We have
observed the following. When the chip is in FULL
RESET mode (powered on but no activity on the
U- or S/T-interfaces), the return loss is very low,
i.e., the termination impedance appears to be
very large relative to 135 Ω and falls outside the
boundaries of Figure 19 of ANSI T1.601. However, if we inject a 10 kHz tone before making a
measurement, the return loss falls within the template. Why is it necessary to inject the 10 kHz
tone in order to get this test to pass? Shouldn’t a
135 Ω impedance be presented to the network
regardless of the state of the T7256 once it is
powered on?
A20: The return loss is only relevant when the transmitter section is powered on. When the transmitter is powered, it presents a low-impedance
output to the U-interface. The transmitter must be
held in this low-impedance state when the return
loss and longitudinal balance tests are performed. This can be accomplished by pulling
RESET low (pin 43). With the RESET pin held
low, the transmitter is held in a low-impedance
86
state where each of its differential outputs drives
DV. In this state, it is prevented from transmitting
any 2BIQ data and won’t respond to any incoming wakeup tones. This is different than the ANSIdefined FULL RESET state that the chip enters
after power-on or deactivation. In FULL RESET,
the transmitter is powered down and in a highimpedance state, with only the tone detector
powered on and looking for a far-end wakeup
tone. The transmitter powers down when in FULL
RESET state to save power and maximize the
tone detector sensitivity. The reason that the chip
behaves as it does in your tests is that your test
begins with the transmitter in its FULL RESET
state, causing the return loss to be very low. If a
10 kHz signal is applied, the tone detector
senses the applied signal and triggers. This
causes the transmitter to enter its low-impedance
state, where it will remain until the T7256 start-up
state machine times out (typically within 1.5 seconds, depending on the signal from the far end).
Q21: What are the average cold start and warm start
times?
A21: Lab measurements have shown the average cold
start time to be about 3.3 s—4.2 s over all loop
lengths, and the average warm-start time to be
around 125 ms—190 ms over all loop lengths.
Q22: What is the U-interface’s response time to an
incoming wakeup tone from the LT?
A22: Response time is about 1 ms.
Q23: What is the minimum time for a U-interface
reframe after a momentary (<480 ms) loss of synchronization?
A23: Five superframes (60 ms).
Q24: Where is the U-interface loopback 2 (i.e., eoc
2B+D loopback) performed in the T7256?
A24: It is performed just inside the chip at the S/T-interface. The S/T receiver is disconnected internally
from the chip pins, and the S/T transmit signal is
looped back to the receiver inputs so the S/T section synchronizes to its own signal. This ensures
that as much of the data path as possible is being
tested during the 2B+D loopback.
Q25: Are the embedded operations channel (EOC) initiated B1 and B2 channel loopbacks transparent?
A25: Yes, the B1 and B2 channel loopbacks are transparent, as is the 2B+D loopback.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Questions and Answers (continued)
U-Interface (continued)
Q26: How can proprietary messages be passed across
the U-interface?
A26: The embedded operations channel (EOC) provides one way of doing this. ANSI standard
T1.601 defines 64 8-bit messages which can be
used for nonstandard applications. They range in
value from binary 00010000 to 01000000.
There is also a provision for sending bulk data
over the EOC. Setting the data/message indicator
bit to 0 indicates the current 8-bit EOC word contains data that is to be passed transparently without being acted on. Note that there is no
response time requirement placed on the NT in
this case (i.e., the NT does not have to echo the
message back to the LT). Also note that this is
currently only an ANSI provision and is not an
ANSI requirement. The T7256 does support this
provision.
Q27: What is the value of the ANSI T1.601 cso and nib
bits in the 2B1Q frame?
A27: cso and nib are fixed at 0 and 1, respectively, by
the device. This is because the device always has
warm start capability (CSO = 0), and NT1s are
required to have nib = 1 per T1.601-1992.
Q28: Are the PS bits controllable from outside the
chip?
A28: Yes, the bits are controlled by two pins (8 and 9)
on the chip. When the T7256 TDM highway is
enabled, these pins change function and become
part of the TDM highway and PS1 and PS2 are
controlled by register GR1, bits 1 and 2.
Q29: It looks like the U-interface sai and act bits that
the T7256 transmits towards the LT always track
one another. If this is the case, I don’t understand
why they are both needed. Can you explain the
purpose of the sai bit and how it relates to the act
bit?
A29: The sai bit is equal to 1 when there is activity
(INFO 1 or INFO 3) on the S/T-interface. The act
bit is 1 whenever layer 1 transparency is established. Most of the time these bits are the same,
but there are two situations where they will be different.
1. The sai bit can be used in conjunction with the
uoa bit from the LT to support DSL-only activation as described in the ANSI and ETSI stanLucent Technologies Inc.
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
dards. The LT can request a U-only activation
by setting uoa = 0, which will cause the
S/T-interface to remain in a deactivated state.
If the TE requests an activation under these
conditions by transmitting INFO 1 to the
T7256, the sai bit will change from 0 to 1,
indicating to the LT that there is activity on the
S/T-interface so that the LT can respond
accordingly. Typically, this means that LT will
set uoa = 1 to exit the DSL-only condition so
that layer-1 transparency can be established
from TE to LT. Thus, in the case of a DSL-only
activation, the T7256's sai bit is 1 and its act bit
is 0 from the time a TE requests an activation
until the following events occur:
A. LT sets uoa = 1 towards the NT.
B. The T7256 detects uoa = 1 and transmits
INFO 2 on the S/T-interface.
C. The TE synchronizes and transmits INFO 3
on the S/T-interface.
D. Upon reception of the INFO 3 signal, the
T7256 sets act = 1.
2. If a link is fully active, then the LT detects a
transition of the NT act bit from 1 to 0, it is an
indication of loss of layer-1 transparency. This
can be caused by either a) S/T loss of sync or
b) NT1 received INFO 0. Case a) will result in
an act = 0/sai = 1 combination, i.e., S/T sync is
lost but there is still activity on the S/T-interface, meaning the TE is having trouble staying
synchronized. Case b) will result in an act =
0/sai = 0 combination, i.e., no activity on the
S/T-interface (INFO 0), meaning the TE has
been disconnected (there is no way the TE can
legally send INFO 0 when the link is fully active
because the TE is not allowed to initiate deactivation—only the LT is—so the only other possibility is that it has been disconnected or has
failed). Note that this procedure allows the CO
to determine whether the cause of loss of layer
1 transparency is a TE that is having synchronization problems or a TE that has been disconnected, based on the state of the sai bit
when act = 0.
The ANSI T1.601 and ETSI ETR 080 standards contain finite state matrices that describe DSL-only operation. The T7256 follows
the behavior described in the matrices. Refer
to those tables for detailed information on each
of the states.
87
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface
Q30: What is the S/T transformer’s inductance?
A30: For Lucent transformers 2768A or 2776, a minimum inductance of 22 mH is guaranteed.
Q31: We are trying to test the S/T side of our T7256based NT1 using a Siemens K1403 ISDN tester.
The tester is not able to sync up to the NT1. Can
you explain this behavior?
A31: Check the connector wiring of the S/T-interface.
In the January 1995 T7256 data sheet, the
pinouts of the RJ-45 S/T connector (J1) were
shown incorrectly. The ones shown are for a TE.
The correct (i.e., NT) pinouts are listed in the current T7256 data sheet (swap pins 3 and 6 with
pins 4 and 5, respectively). If the pinout is wrong
as just described, the Siemens K1403 will not
sync up to the S/T-interface.
Q32: Can the S/T-interface leads be short-circuited
together without harming the device?
A32: Yes, this will not cause any harm to the device.
Q33: What is the common-mode rejection of the S/T
receiver?
A33: The common-mode rejection of the S/T receiver
is 400 mV. Refer to the Electrical Characteristics
described in the data sheet.
Q34: I notice that the application note entitled Design
an S/T Line Interface Circuitry Using the T7250C/
T7259 recommends relays on both the transmitter and receiver outputs that disconnect the
device when power is removed from the chip. Is
this necessary for an NT using the T7256?
Data Sheet
January 1998
the line interface capacitance circuitry such that
the peak current requirement (ITU-T I.430 Section 8.6.1.2 and ANSI T1.605-1991 Section
9.6.1.2) can be met without using relays. This
assumes, of course, that sound layout practices
have been applied to keep parasitic capacitance
of the line interface circuitry to a minimum (of primary importance is making sure there is no
ground plane under the S/T line interface). The
reason the TE needs a relay on its receiver is that
the TE tests assume a 350 pF cord connected to
the line, and this extra capacitance can cause the
peak current requirement to be exceeded. So
even though the NT peak current requirement
is slightly more stringent (0.5 mA as opposed to
0.6 mA), the TE peak current test is the most difficult to meet due to the 350 pF cord capacitance.
Q35: The T7256 reference design in Figure 21 shows
100 Ω termination resistors in parallel with a second pair of optional 100 Ω resistors that can be
inserted or removed by installing/removing jumpers from JMP1 and JMP2. What is the purpose of
this second pair of resistors?
A35: Typically, a TE or group of TEs connected to an
NT1 will have a 100 Ω termination located at the
interface point of the TE farthest from the NT1
(refer to ITU-T I.430 Figure 2 and Section 4 or
T1.605 Figure 2 and Section 5). However, in
some cases it may be desirable to operate an
NT1 with a TE that does not provide the 100 Ω
termination impedance. In this case, the provisional 100 Ω resistors shown in Figure 21 may be
installed to provide the extra termination impedance required.
A34: The relay on the TE transmitter output is necessary to pass the peak current test (ITU-T I.430
Section 8.5.1.2 and ANSI T1.605-1991, section
9.5.1.2) when the TE is powered down. For the
NT, there is no equivalent test, so the relay is not
necessary. The relay on the TE receiver input is
also necessary to pass the peak current test
(ITU-T I.430 Sections 8.5.1.2 and 8.6.1.1, and
ANSI T1.605-1991 Sections 9.5.1.2 and 9.6.1.1).
For the NT, however, there is enough margin in
88
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface (continued)
Q36: I would like to integrate a T7256-based NT1 onto
both a T7250C-based 4-wire TE product and a
T7903-based 4-wire TE product in order to provide a U-interface on these products. I realize this
can be done by simply incorporating my external
NT1 design directly onto the TE board, but is
there a simpler approach in which I can avoid
having two sets of S/T transformers and associated line interface circuitry?
A36: Yes. First note Figures 34, 35, and 36, which
show example S/T line interface circuits for the
T7256, T7903, and T7250C, respectively. If no
external S/T-interface connection is required, the
T7256 can be directly connected to the T7903
and T7250C as shown in Figures 37 and 38. If
there is a requirement for connecting external
TEs, the circuits shown in Figures 39 and 40 can
be used. These two circuits show a hybrid
scheme in which a direct connect between the
T7256 and T7903/T7250C is implemented while
providing for an external S/T-interface (thus
requiring only one set of S/T transformers rather
than the two sets that would be required if the
T7256 and T7903/T7250C were transformer-coupled to one another instead directly connected).
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
T7903/T7250C Transmit to T7256 Receive
a) Transmitter Load:
T7903: The line interface transformer has a
turns ratio of 2.0, and the transmitter drives a
total line-side load of 50 Ω. Reflecting this
impedance to the device side of the transformer results in 200 Ω (50 Ω x N2). This
resistance, combined with the 40 Ω total
resistance of the device-side resistors,
results in a total of 240 Ω that the transmitter
typically drives.
So, to optimize the transmitter part of the circuit based on the load the transmitter expects
to drive, the transmitter should see a total
resistance of approximately 240 Ω.
T7250C: The line interface transformer has a
turns ratio of 2.5, and the transmitter drives a
line-side load of 50 Ω. Reflecting this impedance to the device side of the transformer
results in 312.5 Ω (50 Ω x N2). This resistance, combined with the 113 Ω total resistance of the device-side resistors, results in a
total of 425.5 Ω that the transmitter typically
drives. So, to optimize the transmitter part of
the circuit based on the load the transmitter
expects to drive, the transmitter should see a
total resistance of approximately 425 Ω.
The direct connect circuits were derived as
shown in Figures 37 and 38 and the following text
sections:
Note:
In all of these analyses, the final value of
resistance chosen may be slightly different than the ideal value computed
because standard resistance values
were used.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
89
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
so that the receiver sees the correct levels. A
standard 309 Ω value is adequate for this
case. The remainder of the 425 Ω should be
divided equally between two other series
resistors in the transmit path, and (425 –
309)/2 is 58.0 Ω, so a standard 57.6 Ω value
is chosen for the two other series resistors as
illustrated in Figure 38.
S/T-Interface (continued)
A36: (continued)
b) Receiver Levels:
The T7256 S/T line interface transformer has
a turns ratio of 2.5. The receiver expects to
see nominal pulse levels of 750 mV x 2.5 =
1.875 V.
d) Receiver Bias:
Normally, the transmitter of the T7903/
T7250C is biased at 5 V through 100 kΩ pullup, and the receiver of the T7256 is biased at
2.16 V through a resistor network that can be
simplified as shown in Figure 33 (A). When
the direct-connect scheme is implemented,
the resulting network between the T7903/
T7250C transmitter and the T7256 receiver is
as shown in Figure 33 (B).
T7903: The transmitter circuit is a current
source of 7.5 mA. To generate a voltage of
1.875 V with 7.5 mA requires a resistance of
1.875/0.0075 = 250 Ω.
T7250C: The transmitter circuit is a current
source of 6 mA. To generate a voltage of
1.875 V with 6 mA requires a resistance of
1.875/0.006 = 312.5 Ω.
In this section, the term receiver implies not
only the receive section on the chip, but also
the external 10 kΩ resistors connected to the
receiver. These resistors remain unchanged
from the standard line interface circuit in
order to maintain the same total receiver
impedance.
T7903: Ideally, the transmitter should be driving into 240 Ω, and the T7256 receiver wants
to see the levels that would result if the transmitter drove 7.5 mA through 250 Ω. Since
these resistance values are so close, 249 Ω
is chosen as the resistor across which the
receiver is connected, and no other series
resistance is needed in the transmit path, as
Figure 37 illustrates.
T7250C: Ideally, the transmitter should be
driving into 425 Ω, and the T7256 receiver
wants to see the levels that would result if the
transmitter drove 6 mA through 312.5 Ω. So,
the total transmit path resistance should be
divided into three resistors. The first is the
resistor across which the receiver is connected and should be approximately 312.5 Ω
90
5V
5V
5V
c) Resistor Selection:
30 kΩ
100 kΩ
100 kΩ
30 kΩ
10 kΩ
100 kΩ
2.16 V
2.33 V
CHIP PIN
CHIP PIN
CHIP PIN
23 kΩ
23 kΩ
(A)
(B)
5-4726
Figure 33. Receiver Bias
Note that the receiver bias in Figure 33 (B) is
increased to 2.33 V (from 2.16 V in Figure 33
(A)). This is an increase of about 8% (0.67 dB).
This will decrease the overall receiver sensitivity
slightly. Normally, the receiver must have a sensitivity to signals down to –7.5 dB of nominal.
Therefore, in the case of a direct connect, the
sensitivity is not an issue since the receiver will
always see a large input signal.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface (continued)
A36: (continued)
T7256 Transmit to T7903/T7250C Receive
a) Transmitter Load:
The T7256 S/T line interface transformer has
a turns ratio of 2.5, and the transmitter drives
a line-side load of 50 Ω. Reflecting this impedance to the device side of the transformer
results in 312.5 Ω (50 Ω x N2). This resistance, combined with the 242 Ω total resistance of the device-side resistors, results in a
total of 554.5 Ω that the transmitter typically
drives. So, to optimize the transmitter part of
the circuit based on the load the transmitter
expects to drive, the transmitter should see a
total resistance of approximately 554.5 Ω.
b) Receiver Levels:
T7903: The S/T line interface transformer has
a turns ratio of 2.0. The receiver expects to
see nominal pulse levels of 750 mV x 2.0 =
1.5 V. The T7256 transmitter circuit is a current source of 6.0 mA. To generate a voltage
of 1.5 V with 6.0 mA requires a resistance of
1.5/0.006 = 250 Ω.
T7250C: The S/T line interface transformer
has a turns ratio of 2.5. The receiver expects
to see nominal pulse levels of 750 mV x 2.5 =
1.875 V. The T7256 transmitter circuit is a current source of 6.0 mA. To generate a voltage
of 1.875 V with 6.0 mA requires a resistance
of 1.875/0.006 = 312.5 Ω.
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
T7903: Ideally, the T7256 transmitter should
be driving into 554.5 Ω, and the T7903
receiver wants to see the levels that would
result if the transmitter drove 6 mA through
250 Ω. So, the total transmit path resistance
should be divided into three resistors. The first
is the resistor across which the receiver is
connected and should be approximately
250 Ω so that the receiver sees the correct
levels. A standard 249 Ω value is adequate for
this case. The remainder of the 554.5 Ω
should be divided equally between two other
series resistors in the transmit path, and
(554.5 Ω – 249 Ω)/2 is 152.7 Ω, so 150 Ω is
chosen for the two other series resistors as
illustrated in Figure 37.
T7250C: Ideally, the T7256 transmitter should
be driving into 554.5 Ω, and the T7250C
receiver wants to see the levels which would
result if the transmitter drove 6 mA through
312.5 Ω. So, the total transmit path resistance
should be divided into three resistors. The first
is the resistor across which the receiver is
connected and should be approximately
312.5 Ω so that the receiver sees the correct
levels. A standard 309 Ω value is adequate for
this case. The remainder of the 554.5 Ω
should be divided equally between two other
series resistors in the transmit path, and
(554.5 Ω – 309 Ω)/2 is 122.6 Ω, so 121 Ω is
chosen for the two other series resistors as
illustrated in Figure 38.
d) Receiver Bias:
The receiver bias is not an issue for the same
reasons discussed in the T7903/T7250C
Transmit to T7256 Receive section.
c) Resistor Selection:
In this section, the term receiver implies not
only the receive section on the chip, but also
the external 10 kΩ resistors connected to the
receiver. These resistors remain unchanged
from the standard line interface circuit in order
to maintain the same total receiver impedance.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
91
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface (continued)
A36: (continued)
T7903/T7250C to T7256 Direct Connect with
External S/T-Interface Provided
First, we need to address the issue of the transformer turns ratio.
T7903: The T7903 uses a 2.0:1 transformer, and
the T7256 uses a 2.5:1 transformer. It is desirable
to be able to use a dual transformer, so we want
the transmit- and receive-side transformers to
have the same turns ratio. Also, it may be desirable to use a product with this arrangement as
just a TE (with an external NT1, i.e., no U-Interface connected to the integrated NT1). Therefore,
we will select a 2.0:1 turns ratio transformer to
ensure T7903 pulses of sufficient amplitude on
the line side of the transformer and ensure that
an external transmitter won’t overdrive the T7903
receiver inputs.
T7250C: The T7250C and T7256 both use a
2.5:1 transformer, which simplifies the analysis
for this case.
T7903/T7250C Transmit to T7256 Receive
a) Transmitter Load:
If we use the same S/T transmitter line interface circuit as in the normal (stand-alone TE)
case, the transmitter will see the load that it
expects to drive and is thus optimized in terms
of the load. The 100 Ω terminations must be
user selected per the following table:
Configuration
JMP1
JMP2
Integrated NT1 Used as NT1
(No External NT1 Connected)
No External TE
Connected
Unterminated
External
TE Connected
Terminated (100 Ω)
External TE
Connected
92
Installed
Installed
Installed
Installed
Installed
Not
Installed
b) Receiver Levels:
The T7256 S/T line interface transformer has
a turns ratio of 2.5. The T7256 receiver thus
expects to see nominal pulse levels of 750 mV
x 2.5 = 1.875 V at the device side of the transformer.
T7903: The T7903 transmitter (or an external
TE on a 0-length loop) will drive 750 mV
pulses on the S/T line, and that voltage
reflected back to the device side of the transformer is 750 mV x 2.0 = 1.5 V. If the T7256
receiver is connected to the device side of the
transformer as shown in Figure 39, it will see
1.5 V instead of 1.875 V when a 750 mV
pulse is present on the line. Thus, there is an
inherent pulse attenuation in this scheme of
1.9 dB at the T7256 receiver.
We need to be sure that the receiver will have
adequate sensitivity to detect pulses from an
external TE that is some distance away. Referring to ITU I.430, this circuit can only be used
in a short passive bus (SPB) mode when
using the onboard NT1, because there is a
local TE (the T7903), so any external TE that
is also used will result in a passive bus configuration. ITU-T I.430 states that the maximum
attenuation in SPB configuration is 3.5 dB.
Combining this with the inherent 1.9 dB attenuation results in a total possible signal attenuation of 5.4 dB. The receiver must have a
sensitivity of at least 7.5 dB per ITU-T I.430
Section 8.6.2.3, so 5.4 dB attenuation will
present no problem in this case.
T7250C: The T7250C transmitter (or an external TE on a 0-length loop) will drive 750 mV
pulses on the S/T line, and that voltage
reflected back to the device side of the transformer is 750 mV x 2.5 = 1.875 V. If theT7256
receiver is connected to the device side of the
transformer as shown in Figure 40, it will see
the 1.875 V pulse level it expects when a
750 mV pulse is present on the line.
c) Receiver Bias:
In the T7903 to T7256 Direct Connect section
we showed that the receiver is biased by
about 0.67 dB from nominal due to the direct
connect of the T7903 to the T7256. Assuming
the receiver sensitivity decreases by this
much and combining this with the maximum
5.4 dB attenuation found in the previous section results in a total of 6.07 dB of required
sensitivity, which is still within the 7.5 dB
requirement on the receiver.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface (continued)
A36: (continued)
T7256 Transmit to T7903/T7250C Receive
a) Transmitter Load:
The T7256 S/T line interface transformer normally has a turns ratio of 2.5, and the transmitter drives a line-side load of 50 Ω.
Reflecting this impedance to the device side
of the transformer results in 312.5 Ω (50 Ω x
N2). This resistance, combined with the 242 Ω
total resistance of the device-side resistors,
results in a total of 554.5 Ω that the transmitter
typically drives. So, to optimize the transmitter
part of the circuit based on the load the transmitter expects to drive, the transmitter should
see a total resistance of approximately
554.5 Ω.
T7903: In this case, the T7256 transmitter is
driving into a transformer with a turns ratio of
2.0. The pulse amplitude that the transmitter
must generate on the device side of the transformer is 1.5 V (resulting in a 750 mV pulse on
the line in accordance with the standards).
The T7256 transmitter circuit is a current
source of 6.0 mA. To generate a voltage of
1.5 V with 6.0 mA requires a resistance of 1.5/
0.006 = 250 Ω, which is 62.5 Ω when reflected
to the device side of the transformer. This
impedance should consist of jumper-selectable 100 Ω and 167 Ω resistors as illustrated
in Figure 39. The table below lists the jumper
settings for each possible configuration.
The total impedance the T7256 must drive
(from the first paragraph of this section) is
554.5 Ω, and the impedance across the
transformer leads is 250 Ω (from the second
paragraph). The remaining 554.5 Ω – 250 Ω =
304.5 Ω is divided equally between the positive and negative transmitter outputs, requiring 152 Ω in each leg. We can accomplish this
with a 143 Ω resistor on the device side of the
diode bridge and a 10 Ω resistor on the line
side of the bridge. The resistance is split in
this way to provide 10 Ω of current limiting
through the diode bridge when the bridge is
conducting (similar to the T7903 transmitter
circuit).
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Configuration
JMP3
JMP4
Integrated NT1 Used as NT1
(No External NT1 Connected)
No External TE
Connected
Unterminated External
TE Connected
Terminated (100 Ω)
External TE connected
Installed
Installed
Installed
Installed
Installed
Not
Installed
T7250C: Referring to Figure 40, if we use the
same T7256 S/T transmitter line interface circuit
as in the normal (stand-alone NT) case, the
T7256 transmitter will see the 554.5 Ω load that it
normally expects to drive and is thus optimized in
terms of the load. The 100 Ω terminations shown
are user selected per the preceding table.
b) Receiver Levels:
The T7903 will see the correct pulse levels by
design. In the preceding section, the T7256
transmit circuit was designed to produce
750 mV pulses on the line. The T7903
receiver is attached directly to the device side
of the transformer, so it will see the 1.5 V
pulse levels that it expects to see.
T7903: The T7903 S/T line interface transformer has a turns ratio of 2.0. The T7903
receiver thus expects to see nominal pulse
levels of 750 mV x 2.0 = 1.5 V at the device
side of the transformer. The T7256 transmitter
section was designed to produce 750 mV
pulses on the S/T line (as would an external
TE on a 0-length loop). That voltage reflected
back to the device side of the T7901 transformer is 750 mV x 2.0 = 1.5 V, so the T7901
sees the pulse level it expects when a 750 mV
pulse is present on the line.
T7250C: The T7250C S/T line interface transformer has a turns ratio of 2.5. The T7250C
receiver thus expects to see nominal pulse
levels of 750 mV x 2.5 = 1.875 V at the device
side of the transformer. The T7256 transmitter
section was designed to produce 750 mV
pulses on the S/T line (as would an external
TE on a 0-length loop). That voltage reflected
back to the device side of the T7250C transformer is 750 mV x 2.5 = 1.875 V, so the
T7250C see the pulse level it expects when a
750 mV pulse is present on the line.
c) Receiver Bias:
The receiver bias is sufficiently small that it is
not an issue (see preceding sections).
Lucent Technologies Inc.
93
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface (continued)
A36: (continued)
T7256
75 Ω
T1
2.5:1
46.4 Ω
TPR
D1
D2
RJ-45
JMP1
1
6.8 V
100 Ω
ZD1
D3
TNR
RPR
D6
D9
D10
RNR
6
7
46.4 Ω
JMP2
100 Ω
C1
0.1 µF
D8
5
T2
2.5:1
6.8 V
ZD2
D7
3
4
46.4 Ω
D5
2
T3
D4
75 Ω
10 kΩ
100 Ω
8
100 Ω
46.4 Ω
10 kΩ
5-4721
Figure 34. T7256 S/T Line Interface Scheme
T7903
T1
2.0:1
5Ω
10 Ω
NPx_PT
D1
D2
JMP1
6.8 V
*
100 Ω
ZD1
D3
NPx_NT
D4
NPx_PR
10 kΩ
D5
D6
NPx_NR
10 kΩ
1
3
T2
2.0:1
4
5
10 Ω
JMP2
6.8 V
ZD2
D7
RJ-45
2
5Ω
10 Ω
T3
7
C1
0.1 µF
D8
6
100 Ω
8
10 Ω
5-4722
* Refer to the T7903 data sheet, Figure F-10 for an example of a switch circuit that can be used here.
Figure 35. T7903 S/T Line Interface Scheme
94
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface (continued)
A36: (continued)
T7250C
10 Ω
T1
2.5:1
46.5 Ω
TPR
D1
D2
JMP1
6.8 V
*
100 Ω
ZD1
D3
TNR
D6
D9
JMP2
6
7
C1
0.1 µF
D8
4
5
46.5 Ω
6.8 V
ZD2
D10
3
T2
2.5:1
RPR
D7
1
2
46.5 Ω
D5
RJ-45
D4
10 Ω
10 kΩ
T3
100 Ω
8
RNR
10 kΩ
46.5 Ω
5-4723
* Refer to the T7250 data sheet, Figure F-10 for an example of a switch circuit that can be used here.
Figure 36. T7250C S/T Line Interface Scheme
Note: The circuit shown above has subtle differences from that shown in the T7250C data sheet. Either circuit is
suitable, since they will both pass the required conformance tests.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
95
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface (continued)
A36: (continued)
T7903
T7256
10 kΩ
NPx_PT
RPR
249 Ω
10 kΩ
RNR
NPx_NT
150 Ω
10 kΩ
TPR
NPx_PR
249 Ω
150 Ω
10 kΩ
NPx_PT
TNR
5-4724
Figure 37. T7903 to T7256 Direct-Connect Scheme
T7250C
TPR
T7256
57.6 Ω
10 kΩ
RPR
309 Ω
57.6 Ω
10 kΩ
10 kΩ
121 Ω
RNR
TNR
TPR
RPR
309 Ω
10 kΩ
RNR
121 Ω
TNR
5-4725
Figure 38. T7250C to T7256 Direct-Connect Scheme
96
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface (continued)
A36: (continued)
T1
2.0:1
5Ω
D1
D2
6.8 V
*
ZD1
D3
JMP1
JMP2
100 Ω
100 Ω
D4
5Ω
T7903
T7256
10 Ω
10 kΩ
NPx_PT
RPR
T3
NPx_NT
1
RNR
10 Ω
RJ-45
10 kΩ
2
3
T7256
4
T7903
10 kΩ
TPR
TNR
5
NPx_PR
143 Ω
6
7
NPx_NR
143 Ω
8
10 kΩ
T2
2.0:1
10 Ω
D5
D6
6.8 V
ZD2
D7
0.1 µF
D8
JMP3
JMP4
167 Ω
100 Ω
10 Ω
5-4728
* Refer to the T7903 data sheet, Figure F-10 for an example of a switch circuit that can be used here.
Figure 39. T7903 to T7256 Direct-Connect Scheme with External S/T-Interface
Lucent Technologies Inc.
97
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface (continued)
A36: (continued)
T1
2.5:1
46.5 Ω
D1
D2
JMP1
JMP2
100 Ω
100 Ω
6.8 V
*
ZD1
D3
D4
46.5 Ω
T7250C
T7256
10 Ω
10 kΩ
TPR
RPR
T3
TNR
1
RNR
10 Ω
RJ-45
10 kΩ
2
3
T7256
4
T7250C
10 kΩ
TPR
TNR
5
RPR
75 Ω
6
7
RNR
75 Ω
8
10 kΩ
T2
2.5:1
46.5 Ω
D5
D6
D9
6.8 V
ZD2
D10
D7
0.1 µF
D8
JMP3
JMP4
100 Ω
100 Ω
46.5 Ω
5-4727
* Refer to the T7250 data sheet, Figure F-10 for an example of a switch circuit that can be used here.
Figure 40. T7250C to T7256 Direct-Connect Scheme with External S/T-Interface
98
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Questions and Answers (continued)
S/T-Interface (continued)
Q37: What is the state of the D-echo bit during an EOC
2B+D loopback?
A37: The D-echo bit (SXE, GR2, bit 3) should be set to
zero to meet the ITU-T I.430 requirement in
Appendix I, Note 4, which states that during a
loopback 2 (eoc 2B+D loopback), the NT1 should
send INFO 4 frames toward the TE with the Decho channel bits set binary zero. If AUTOEOC =
1 (register GRO, bit 4), SXE is internally overridden to 0 by the T7256. If AUTOEOC = 0, SXE
must be set to 0 by the user.
Q38: Is it possible to make a nontransparent single Bchannel loopback toward the S/T-interface via the
microprocessor?
A38: Yes. Refer to the data sheet for a description of
the ITU-T I.430 Loop C loopback control bits (register DFRO).
Q39: What is the purpose of the SFECV bit in register
SIR0?
A39: ANSI T1 T1.605 Table 6, “Codes for Q-Channel
and SC1-Subchannel Messages,” defines an
SC1-Subchannel message, “Far-End Code Violation” (SC11, SC12, SC13, SC14 = 1110). This is
an S-channel message that the NT can send to
the TE to indicate that a previous multiframe
received by the NT contains one or more illegal
S/T line code violations. In an NT1 that supports
multiframing, the SFECV bit can be used to generate an interrupt to the T7256 microprocessor
indicating that it should transmit the “Far-End
Code Violation” message to the TE in S-subchannel one. This subchannel is accessed via register
MCR1 bits 0—3.
Q40: In the Analog Interface section of the S/T-interface description in the data sheet, where does
the value of 0 ms—3.1 ms maximum differential
delay in adaptive timing mode come from?
A40: The minimum value of 0 ms is necessary so that
the NT's transmitter and receiver can be directly
connected in a loopback and still synchronize.
The maximum value of 3.1 ms comes about
Lucent Technologies Inc.
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
because the window size needed in the adaptive
timing algorithm is 2.1 ms. The window size is the
time during each bit period in which no transitions
may occur. Since a period is 5.2 ms, the time during which there may be transitions is
5.2 ms – 2.1 ms, or 3.1 ms. This is the same as
the maximum differential delay, since the earliest
and latest bit transitions represent the nearest
and farthest TEs relative to the NT receiver.
Miscellaneous
Q41: Is the ±100 ppm free-run frequency recommendation met in the T7256?
A41: In the free-run mode, the output frequency is primarily dependent on the crystal, not the silicon
design. For low-cost crystals, initial tolerance,
temperature, and aging effects may account for
two-thirds of this budget, and just a couple of pF
of variation in load capacitance will use up the
rest; therefore, the ±100 ppm goal can be met if
the crystal parameters are well controlled. See
the Crystal Characteristics section in this data
sheet.
Q42: What happens if Co and Cm of the crystal differs
from the specification shown in the Crystal Characteristics table?
A42: None of the parameters should be varied. We
have not characterized any such crystals, and
have no easy method of doing so. A crystal
whose parameters deviate from the requirements
may work in most applications but fail in isolated
cases involving certain loop configurations or
other system variations. Therefore, customers
choosing to vary any of these parameters do so
at their own risk.
Q43: It has been noted in some other designs that the
crystal has a capacitor from each pin to ground.
Changing these capacitances allows the frequency to be adjusted to compensate for board
parasitics. Can this be done with the T7256 crystal? Also, can we use a crystal from our own
manufacturer?
A43: For the T7256, these capacitors are located on
the chip, so their values are fixed. The advantage
to this is that no external components are
required. The disadvantage is that board parasitics must be very small.
99
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
Data Sheet
January 1998
Miscellaneous (continued)
Q48: Can the T7256 operate with an external
15.36 MHz clock source instead of using a crystal?
A43: (continued)
A48: Yes, by leaving X1 disconnected and driving X2
with an external CMOS-level oscillator.
The crystal characteristics section of the data
sheet notes that the board parasitics must be
within the range of 0.6 pF ± 0.4 pF.
Q44: What clocks are available on the T7256?
A44: The following clocks are available and are always
present once enabled, regardless of the state of
activation on the U- or S/T-interfaces:
1. SYN8K, pin 4 (8 kHz clock) is enabled by holding SDI (pin 12) low during an external RESET.
2. TDMCLK, pin 9 (2.048 MHz clock) is enabled
by writing TDMEN = 0 (register GR2, bit 5).
3. CKOUT, pin 17 (10.24 MHz or 15.36 MHz
clock) is enabled by writing register GRO bit 2
or 1, respectively, to 0. Normally 3-stated.
Note that using clocks 2 or 3 above requires a
microprocessor for setting the appropriate configuration.
Q45: I plan to program the T7256 to output
15.36 MHz from its CKOUT pin. Is this clock a
buffered version of the 15.36 MHz oscillator
clock? I am concerned that if it is not buffered, the
capacitive loading on this pin could affect the system clock frequency.
A45: The 15.36 MHz output is a buffered version of the
XTAL clock and therefore hanging capacitance
on it will not affect the T7256’s system clock frequency.
Q46: How does the filtering at the OPTOIN input work?
A46: The signals applied to OPTOIN are digitally filtered for 20 ms. Any transitions under 20 ms will
be ignored.
Q47: What is the isolation voltage of the 6N139
optoisolator used in the dc termination circuit of
the T7256?
A47: 2500 VAC, 1 minute.
Q49: What is the effect of ramping down the powersupply voltage on the device? When will it provide
a valid reset? This condition can occur when a
line-powered NT1’s line cord is repeatedly
plugged in and removed and plugged in again
before the power supply has had enough time to
fully ramp-up.
A49: The device’s reset is more dependent on the
RESET pin than the power supply to the device.
As long as the proper input conditions on the
RESET pin (see Table 42) are met, the device will
have a valid reset. Note that this input is a
Schmitt-trigger input.
Q50: Is there a recommended method for powering the
T7256? For example, is it desirable to separate
the power supplies, etc.?
A50: The T7256 is not extremely sensitive to powersupply schemes. Following standard practices of
decoupling power supplies close to the chip and,
if power and ground planes are not used, keeping
power traces away from high-frequency signals,
etc., should yield acceptable results. Separating
the T7256 analog power supplies from the digital
power supplies near the chip may yield a small
improvement, and the same holds true for using
power and ground planes vs. discrete traces.
Note that if analog and digital power supplies are
separated, the crystal power supply (VDDO)
should be tied to the digital supplies (VDDD).
See the SCNTI Family Reference Design Board
Hardware User Manual (MN96-011ISDN),
Appendix A for an example of a board layout that
performs well.
Q51: What are the filter characteristics of the PLL at
the NT?
A51: The –3 dB frequency is approximately 5 Hz,
peaking is about 1.2 dB.
Q52: Can the T7256 operate in the LT mode?
A52: No, the T7256 is optimized for the NT side of the
loop and cannot operate in the LT mode.
100
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Questions and Answers (continued)
Miscellaneous (continued)
Q53: Can you provide detailed information on the
active and idle power consumption of the T7256?
A53: The IDLE power of the T7256 is typically 35 mW.
The IDLE power will be increased if CKOUT or
the TDM highway are active. The discussion
below presents accurate numbers for adding in
the effects of CKOUT and the TDM highway.
When considering active power measurement figures, it is important to note that the conditions
under which power measurements are made are
not always completely stated by 2B1Q IC vendors. For example, loop length is not typically
mentioned in the context of power dissipation, yet
power dissipation on a short loop is noticeably
greater than on a long loop. There are two reasons for the increased power dissipation at
shorter loop lengths:
1. The overall loop impedance is smaller, requiring a higher current to drive the loop.
2. The far-end transceiver is closer, requiring the
near-end transceiver to sink more far-end current in order to maintain a virtual ground at its
transmitter outputs.
The following lab measurements provide an
example of how power dissipation varies with
loop length for a specific T7256 with its
15.36 MHz CKOUT output disabled (see the following table for information on CKOUT). Note that
power dissipation on a 0-length loop (the worstcase loop) is about 35 mW higher than on a loop
of >3 kft length—a significant difference. Thus,
loop length needs to be considered when determining worst-case power numbers.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Table 43. Power Dissipation Variation
Loop Configuration
18 kft/26 awg
6 kft/26 awg
3 kft/26 awg
2 kft/26 awg
1 kft/26 awg
0.5 kft/26 awg
0 kft
135 Ω load, ILOSS or
LPBK active, no far-end
transceiver*
Power (mW)
270
270
274
277
285
293
305
278
* This is the configuration used by some IC manufacturers.
Also, in the case of the T7256, the use of the output clock CKOUT (pin 17) needs to be considered
since its influence on power dissipation is significant. Some applications may make use of this
clock, while others may leave it 3-stated. The
power dissipation of CKOUT is shown in Table
44.
Table 44. Power Dissipation of CKOUT
CKOUT
Frequency
(MHz)
Power Due to
CKOUT 40 pF
Load (mW)
15.36
10.24
21.3
17.7
Power Due to
CKOUT No
Load (mW)
11.0
9.1
Another factor influencing power consumption is
the S/T-interface data pattern. For example, when
transmitting an INFO 4 pattern with all 1s data in
the B and D channels, the power consumption is
25 mW lower than it is when transmitting INFO 2,
because INFO 2 is worst case in terms of the
amount of +0 and –0 transitions, and INFO 4 is
best case if the data is all 1s. A typical number
would lie about midway between these two. The
T7256 TDM highway, when active, can add
another 3 mW of power.
101
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
Miscellaneous (continued)
A53: (continued)
Therefore, it is apparent that the conditions under which power is measured must be clearly specified. The
methods Lucent has used to evaluate typical and worst-case power consumption are based on our commitment to provide our customers with accurate and reliable data. Measurements are performed as part of the
factory test procedure using automated test equipment. Bench top tests are performed in actual T7256based systems to correlate the automated test data with an actual implementation. A conservative margin is
then added to the test results for publication in our data sheets.
The following table provides power-consumption data for several scenarios so that knowledgeable customers
can fairly compare transceiver solutions. A baseline scenario is presented in the Case 1 column, and then
adders are listed in the Cases 2—6 columns to account for the worst-case condition listed in each column so
that an accurate worst-case figure can be determined based on the conditions that are present in a particular
application. Note that the tests were run at 5 V, so changes in the supply voltage will change the power
accordingly.
Table 45. Power Consumption
Variables
Loop Configuration
S/T State
CKOUT, MHz
Baseline
Case 1
>3 kft,
26 awg
INFO 4
with all 1s
data
Case 2
0 kft*
Case 3
—
Adders
Case 4
—
—
INFO 2†
—
—
—
3-stated
—
—
15.36
—
—
25
Inactive
254
—
—
35
—
—
26
—
—
22
85
—
5
—
Active
3
Case 5
—
Case 6
—
‡
(40 pF load)
Temperature (°C)
TDM Highway
Typical Power Consumption (mW)
* Some 2B1Q silicon vendors specify power using a configuration in which the IC is active and transmitting into a 135 Ω termination,
with no far-end transmitter attached. This configuration would cause an increase of 9 mW over the Case 1 column, instead of the
35 mW shown here. This highlights the importance of specifying measurement conditions accurately when making comparisons
between chip vendors' power numbers.
† This is a worst-case number representing the state of the S/T-interface where the most +0/–0 transitions occur. In a real application,
this will be a transient state, as INFO 4 will occur as soon as synchronization is achieved. The average power consumed during a typical INFO 4, assuming a 50% mix of 1s and 0s in the B and D channels, would be approximately half this number, or 13 mW.
‡ See the preceding table for a comparison of power dissipation with negligible capacitive loading on CKOUT. The 40 pF figure chosen
here is intended to represent a worst-case condition.
Q54: What would cause the STLED indicator to flash sporadically at an 11 Hz rate?
A54: If the T7256 S/T-interface is operating over a long loop that is outside the range specified in the I.430/T1.605
standard, the T7256 may go into a state where it is constantly going in and out of synchronization. This
causes it to cycle between ANSI states H7 and H8, producing STLED state changes between 1 Hz flashing
and always on. When the S/T-interface loses synchronization, it takes about 96 ms before synchronization
can be reacquired. This 96 ms cycle, coupled with the STLED switching from always on to 1 Hz flashing, can
appear as 11 Hz or sporadic flashing, depending on how frequently S/T synchronization is being lost.
102
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Questions and Answers (continued)
Miscellaneous (continued)
A54: (continued)
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
A56: Some DMS-100 switches require that the
upstream U-overhead bit sai (S/T-interface activity indicator) is set to 1 before they allow full
transparency at layer 3. The state of the transmitted sai bit in the SCNT1 is controlled by register
GR1, bits 7 & 8. The default state of these bits
causes transmission of an sai that reflects the
S/T-interface status. Since there is no TE connected in this particular product, sai = 0 is transmitted upstream to the switch by default. To
override this value and force sai to 1 (which is
necessary for transparency in this case), bit 7, 6
should be set to 0, 1, respectively. Note that the
switch software in this case is not in accordance
with ANSI T1.601-1992.
Either of these states could cause potential confusion to maintenance personnel in the event that
a T7256-based NT1 is connected to an S/T loop
that is longer than permitted by the standards.
For example, an 11 Hz rate is difficult to visually
distinguish from the 8 Hz rate, but the 11 Hz case
indicates a problem on the S/T-interface and the
8 Hz case indicates a problem on the U-interface.
To troubleshoot the STLED indication, unplug the
S/T connector and repower the T7256 and initiate
a start-up on the U-interface. If there is no problem on the U-interface, the STLED will reach a
1 Hz flashing state and remain there, indicating
that the fast flashing was a result of S/T-interface
problems.
Q57: We are testing out T7256-based equipment
against a Lucent SLC Series 5, and performance
seems OK except that we get a burst of errors,
and even drop calls, approximately every 15 minutes. Can you explain why?
Q55: The STLED on my T7256-based NT1 behaves in
an unexpected way. When a start-up attempt is
received, it flashes at an 8 Hz rate. Then it
flashes briefly at 1 Hz, indicating synchronization
on the U-interface. This is expected. However,
after this, it starts flashing at 8 Hz, and yet it
appears as though the system is operating fine
(data is being passed end to end, etc.). Shouldn’t
the STLED signal be always low (i.e., ON) at this
point?
A57: Check to make sure that your equipment is setting the ps1/ps2 power status bits correctly. The
SLC equipment monitors the ps1/2 bits and, if
they are both zero (meaning all power is lost), it
assumes that there is some sort of terminal error,
since this is not an appropriate steady-state value
for ps1/2. When this condition is detected, the
SLC deactivates and reactivates the line approximately every 15 minutes. This causes the symptoms you describe.
A55: Yes it should. Referring to the STLED Control
Flow diagram in Figure 18 of this data sheet, it
appears as though you may be receiving aib = 0
from the upstream U-interface element. This will
cause the behavior you are seeing. If you have
access to the microprocessor registers, you can
check this by monitoring register CFR1, bit 6 to
see if it ever goes to 0.
Q58: When I try to activate our T7256-based NT1, it
appears as though the U-interface is synchronizing (i.e., STLED flashes at 1 Hz), but the
S/T-interface won’t activate, and there is not even
any signal activity on the S/T-interface (i.e., no
INFO 1 or INFO 2). What might the problem be?
Q56: We have equipment that operates fine against a
5ESS® switch, but never gets to layer 3 when
operating against a Northern Telecom DMS-100
switch. The equipment uses the SCNT1 device
talking to a Motorola MC68360 device over the
TDM highway and serial µP port. We do not use
the S/T-interface connection on the SCNT1—
instead we originate and terminate the calls on
the SCNT1 TDM highway. Do you have any idea
what the problem may be?
Lucent Technologies Inc.
A58: The behavior you have observed can be caused
if the uoa bit received on the U-interface from the
network is set to 0. This causes the T7256 to activate the U-interface only, keeping the
S/T-interface quiet, per the ANSI and ETSI standards. We have heard of some network equipment that incorrectly sets this bit low. If you have
access to the microprocessor registers, you can
check this by monitoring register CFR1 bit 3 to
see if it is low. If it is, the problem is in the network
equipment, not your NT1.
103
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Questions and Answers (continued)
Miscellaneous (continued)
Q59: What is the state of the T7256 TDM bus output
when the unused bits of the D-channel octet are
transmitted?
A59: The T7256 3-states the TDM bus output when Band D-channel information is not transmitted to
the TDM bus. This includes the 6-bit interval in
the D-channel octet.
Q60: What is the purpose of the ACTSEL bit in register
GR2 bit 6?
A60: This bit is to provide compatibility with the ANSI
T1.601 and ETSI ETR 080 standards. The 1992
version of T1.601 (the most recent as of this writing) specifies that, upon a loopback 2 eoc
request, the NT1’s 2B+D data should be looped
back immediately and the upstream (NT-to-LT)
act bit should be set to 0. ANSI specified that the
upstream act bit should be set to 0 to indicate to
the LT that end-to-end data transparency (TE-toLT) is interrupted during a loopback 2. The fact
that 2B+D data is looped back immediately
means that upstream data transparency at the
NT is established independent of the status of the
act bit from the LT. Normally, upstream data
transparency at the NT is dependent on act = 1
being received from the LT. The reason that loopback 2 transparency criteria differ is that there is
no guarantee that the NT1 will receive
act = 1 from the LT. Consider the case where an
LT wants to activate the U-interface and perform
a loopback 2 test on an NT1 with no TE connected. In this case, the LT will never receive
act = 1 since, prior to the loopback 2 request,
act = 0 because there is no TE attached, and
after the loopback 2 request, act = 0 because
layer 1 transparency is interrupted. Since the LT
will never receive act = 1 from the NT1, it will
never send act = 1 back to the NT1. Since the
NT1 receipt of act = 1 normally enables upstream
transparency, ANSI chose to make an exception
to the data transparency requirements in this
case and enable upstream transparency immediately upon receipt of the loopback 2 eoc command at the NT1.
Data Sheet
January 1998
upstream act bit. ANSI’s position is that act
should be set to 0 because a loopback 2 is an
interruption to layer 1 transparency. ETSI’s position is that the state of the act bit should only be
dependent on whether or not the NT1 is receiving
INFO 3 from the TE (this is consistent with ANSI
T1.601 paragraph 6.4.6.4 and ETSI ETR 080
paragraph A.10.1.5.1). During a loopback 2, the
T7256 will always receive INFO 3 at the S/T-interface (even if there is no TE attached) because it
loops back its S/T transmit signal and synchronizes itself to that signal. Therefore, the possibility
that LT will never receive act = 1 from the NT
does not exist under these rules. As a result, no
special exceptions need to be applied to the case
of loopback 2 in ETSI. For example, again consider the case where an LT wants to activate the
U-interface and perform a loopback 2 test on an
NT1 with no TE connected. The NT1 will synchronize to its own S/T signal and detect INFO 3. This
will cause act = 1 to be transmitted upstream. The
LT will detect act = 1 and set its downstream act =
1. When the NT detects the downstream act = 1,
it will enable upstream data transparency. The
handling of the act bit and transparency in this
case is the same as for a normal activation.
In the ETSI standard, transparency at the NT during loopback 2 is dependent upon the reception
of the act bit from the LT, i.e., if act = 1, loopback
transparency is established, and if act = 0, loopback data is forced to all 1s. The LT won’t send
act = 1 until it receives act = 1 from the NT. The
NT will not send act = 1 to the LT until it receives
an INFO 3 indication (i.e., until its S/T-interface is
synchronized as described in the register GR2
ACTSEL bit definition). Thus, data transparency
requires that the NT1 set its upstream act bit to 1.
There is a contribution that has been voted onto
the ANSI T1E1.4 living list that changes the act
bit behavior during loopback 2 to match that
specified for ETSI (contribution #T1E1.4/92-089).
Thus, the next issue of the T1.601 standard will
bring the ANSI and ETSI standards into harmony
as pertains to handling of the act bit during a
loopback 2.
The major difference between the ANSI and ETSI
standards with regard to how the NT1 handles a
loopback 2 request lies in what happens to the
104
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Glossary
CFR1:
Control flow state machine status
register.
ACTMODE/INT:
Act bit mode, serial interface
microprocessor interrupt.
CFR2:
Control flow state machine
status—reserved bits register.
ACTR:
Receive activation
(register CFR1, bit 0).
CKOUT:
Clock output.
ACTSC:
Activation/deactivation state
change on U-interface
(register UIR0, bit 1).
CODEC:
Coder/decoder, typically used for
analog-to-digital conversions or
digital-to-analog conversions.
ACTSCM:
Activation/deactivation state
change on U-interface interrupt
mask (register UIR1, bit 1).
CRATE[1:0]:
CKOUT rate control (register
GR0, bits 2—1).
CRC:
Cyclic redundancy check.
ACTSEL:
Act mode select (register
GR2, bit 6).
DFR0:
Data flow control—U and S/T
B-channels register.
ACTT:
Transmit activation (register
GR1, bit 4).
DFR1:
Data flow control—D-channels
and TDM bus register.
AFRST:
Adaptive filter reset (register
CFR0, bit 1).
DMR:
Receive eoc data or message indicator (register ECR2, bit 3).
AIB:
Alarm indication bit (register
CFR1, bit 6).
DMT:
Transmit eoc data or message indicator (register ECR0, bit 3).
ANSI:
American National Standards Institute.
DPGS:
Digital pair gain system.
ECR0:
ASI:
Alternate space inversion.
eoc state machine control—address register.
AUTOACT:
Automatic activation control
(register GR0, bit 6).
ECR2:
eoc state machine status—address register.
AUTOCTL:
Auto control enable
(register GR0, bit 3).
ECR3:
eoc state machine status—information register.
AUTOEOC:
Automatic eoc processor
enable (register GR0, bit 4).
EMINT:
Exit maintenance mode interrupt
(register MIR0, bit 2).
A[3:1]R:
Receive eoc address (register
ECR2, bits 0—2).
EMINTM:
Exit maintenance mode interrupt
mask (register MIR1, bit 2).
A[3:1]T:
Transmit eoc address
(register ECR0, bits 0—2).
EOC:
Embedded operations channel.
EOCSC:
BERR:
Block error on U-interface
(register UIR0, bit 2).
eoc state change on U-interface
(register UIR0, bit 0).
EOCSCM:
eoc state change on U-interface
mask (register UIR1, bit 0).
BERRM:
Block error on U-interface interrupt mask (register UIR1, bit 2).
CCRC:
Corrupt cyclic redundancy check
(register ECR0, bit 7).
CDM:
Charged-device model.
CFR0:
Control flow state machine control—maintenance/reserved bits
register.
Lucent Technologies Inc.
105
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Glossary (continued)
ILOSS:
Insertion loss test control
(register CFR0, bit 0).
ERC1:
eoc state machine control—
information register.
ILOSS:
Insertion loss test control.
ESD:
Electrostatic discharge.
ISDN:
Integrated services digital network.
ETSI:
European Telecommunications
Standards Institute.
ITU-T:
FEBE:
Far-end block error (register
CFR1, bit 5).
International Telecommunication
Union-Telecommunication Sector.
I[8:1]R:
FSC[2:0]:
Frame strobe (FS) control,
(register TDR0, bits 2—0).
Receive eoc information
(register ECR3, bits 0—7).
I[8:1]T:
FSP:
Frame strobe (FS) polarity
(register TDR0, bit 3).
Transmit eoc information
(register ERC1, bits 0—7).
LON:
FT:
Fixed/adaptive timing control
(register GR2, bit 0).
Line driver negative output for
U-interface.
LOP:
FTE/TDMDI:
Fixed/adaptive timing mode
select.
Line driver positive output for
U-interface.
LPBK:
U-interface analog loopback
(register GR1, bit 0).
GIR0:
Global interrupt register.
GNDA:
Analog ground.
MCR0:
Q-channel bits register.
GNDO:
Crystal oscillator ground.
MCR1:
S subchannel 1 register.
GR0:
Global device control—device
configuration register.
MCR2:
S subchannel 2 register.
MCR3:
S subchannel 3 register.
GR1:
Global device control—
U-interface register.
MCR4:
S subchannel 4 register.
GR2:
Global device control—
S/T-interface register.
MCR5:
S subchannel 5 register.
MINT:
Maintenance interrupt
(register GIR0, bit 2).
MIR0:
Maintenance interrupt register.
MIR1:
Maintenance interrupt mask
register.
MLT:
Metallic loop termination.
MULTIF:
Multiframing control (register
GR0, bit 5).
NEBE:
Near-end block error (register
CFR1, bit 4).
NTM:
NT test mode (register GR1, bit 3).
OOF:
Out of frame (register CFR1,
bit 2).
OPTOIN:
Optoisolator input.
OUSC:
Other U-interface state change
(register UIR0, bit 3).
HBM:
Human-body model.
HDLC:
High-level data link control.
HIGHZ:
High impedance control.
HN:
Hybrid negative input for
U-interface.
HP:
Hybrid positive input for
U-interface.
I4C:
INFO 4 change (register SIR0,
bit 3).
I4CM:
INFO 4 change mask (register
SIR1, bit 3).
I4I:
INFO 4 indicator (register CFR1,
bit 7).
ILINT:
Insertion loss interrupt
(register MIR0, bit 1).
ILINTM:
Insertion loss interrupt mask
(register MIR1, bit 1).
106
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Glossary (continued)
SAI[1:0]:
S/T-interface activity indicator
control (register GR1, bits 6—7).
OUSCM:
Other U-interface state change
mask (register UIR1, bit 3).
SC1[4:1]:
S subchannel 1 (register MCR1,
bits 0—3).
PS1:
Power status #1 (register GR1,
bit 2).
SC2[4:1]:
S subchannel 2 (register MCR2,
bits 0—3).
PS1E/TDMDO:
Power status #1, TDM clock.
SC3[4:1]:
PS2:
Power status #2 (register GR1,
bit 1).
S subchannel 3 (register MCR3,
bits 0—3).
SC4[4:1]:
S subchannel 4 (register MCR4,
bits 0—3).
PS2E/TDMCLK:
Power status #2, TDM data out.
QMINT:
Quiet mode interrupt (register
MIR0, bit 0).
SC5[4:1]:
S subchannel 5 (register MCR5,
bits 0—3).
QMINTM:
Quiet mode interrupt mask
(register MIR1, bit 0).
SCK:
Serial interface clock.
SDI:
Serial interface data input.
QSC:
Q-bits state change (register
SIR0, bit 1).
SDINN:
Sigma-delta A/D negative input
for U-interface.
QSCM:
Q-bits state change mask
(register SIR1, bit 1).
SDINP:
Sigma-delta A/D positive input for
U-interface.
Q[4:1]:
Q-channel bits (register MCR0,
bits 0—3).
SDO:
Serial interface data output.
R25R:
Receive reserved bits
(register CFR2, bit 2).
SFECV:
S-channel far-end code violation
(register SIR0, bit 2).
R25T:
Transmit reserved bit
(register CFR0, bit 4).
SFECVM:
S-subchannel far-end code violation mask (register SIR1, bit 2).
R64T:
Transmit reserved bit
(register CFR0, bit 5).
SINT:
S/T-transceiver interrupt
(register GIR0, bit 1).
RESET:
Reset.
SIR0:
S/T-interface interrupt register.
RNR:
Receive negative rail for
S/T-interface.
SIR1:
S/T-interface interrupt mask
register.
RPR:
Receive positive rail for
S/T-interface.
SOM:
Start of multiframe (register SIR0,
bit 0).
RSFINT:
Receive superframe interrupt
(register UIR0, bit 4).
SOMM:
Start of multiframe mask
(register SIR1, bit 0).
RSFINTM:
Receive superframe interrupt
mask (register UIR1, bit 4).
SPWRUD:
S/T-interface powerdown control
(register GR2, bit 1).
R[16:15]R:
Receive reserved bits
(register CFR2, bits 1—0).
SRESET:
S/T-interface reset (register GR2,
bit 2).
R[16:15]T:
Transmit reserved bits
(register CFR0, bits 3—2).
STLED:
Status LED driver.
STOA:
S/T-only activation (register GR2,
bit 7).
Superframe:
Eight U-frames grouped together.
R[64:54:44:34]R:
Receive reserved bits
(register CFR2, bits 6—3).
Lucent Technologies Inc.
107
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Glossary (continued)
TSFINTM:
Transmit superframe interrupt
mask (register UIR1, bit 5).
SXB1[1:0]:
U frame:
An 18-bit synchronous word.
U2BDLN:
Nontransparent 2B+D loopback
control (register GR2, bit 4).
U2BDLT:
Transparent 2B+D loopback control (register ECR0, bit 6).
UB1LP:
U-interface loopback of B1 channel control (register ECR0, bit 4).
UB2LP:
U-interface loopback of B2 channel control (register ECR0, bit 5).
UINT:
SYN8K/LBIND/FS: Synchronous 8 kHz clock or loopback indicator, frame strobe.
U-transceiver interrupt (register
GIR0, bit 0).
UIR0:
U-interface interrupt register.
TDM:
Time-division multiplexed.
UIR1:
TDMB1S:
TDM bus transmit control for
B1 channel from S/T-interface
(register DFR1, bit 2).
U-interface interrupt mask
register.
UOA:
U-interface only activation,
(register CFR1, bit 3).
SXB2[1:0]:
S/T-interface transmit path source
for B1 channel (register DFR0,
bits 5—4).
S/T-interface transmit path source
for B2 channel (register DFR0,
bits 7—6).
SXD:
S/T-interface transmit path source
for D channel (register DFR1, bit
1).
SXE:
S/T-interface D-channel echo bit
control (register GR2, bit 3).
TDMB1U:
TDM bus transmit control for
B1 channel from U-interface
(register DFR1, bit 5).
UXB1[1:0]:
U-interface transmit path source
for B1 channel (register DFR0,
bits 1—0).
TDMB2S:
TDM bus transmit control for B2
channel from S/T-interface
(register DFR1, bit 3).
UXB2[1:0]:
U-interface transmit path source
for B2 channel (register DFR0,
bits 3—2).
TDMB2U:
TDM bus transmit control for B2
channel from U-interface
(register DFR1, bit 6).
UXD:
U-interface transmit path source
for D channel (register DFR1,
bit 0).
TDMDS:
TDM bus transmit control for D
channel from S/T-interface
(register DFR1, bit 4).
VDDA:
Analog power.
VDDO:
Crystal oscillator power.
TDM bus transmit control for D
channel from U-interface
(register DFR1, bit 7).
VRCM:
Common-mode voltage reference
for U-interface circuits.
VRN:
Negative voltage reference for Uinterface circuits.
VRP:
Positive voltage reference for Uinterface circuits.
TDMDU:
TDMEN:
TDM bus select (register GR2,
bit 5).
TDR0:
TDM bus timing control register.
TNR:
Transmit negative rail for
S/T-interface.
X1:
Crystal #1.
X2:
Crystal #2.
TPR:
Transmit positive rail for
S/T-interface.
XACT:
U-transceiver active (register
CFR1, bit 1).
TSFINT:
Transmit superframe interrupt
(register UIR0, bit 5).
XPCY:
Transparency (register GR1,
bit 5).
108
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
Standards Documentation
Telecommunication technical standards and reference
documentation may be obtained from the following
organizations:
ANSI (U.S.A.):
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
11 West 42nd Street
New York, New York 10036
Tel: 212-642-4900
FAX: 212-302-1286
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
ITU-T:
International Telecommunication UnionTelecommunication Sector
Place des Nations
CH 1211
Geneve 20, Switzerland
Tel: 41-22-730-5285
FAX: 41-22-730-5991
ETSI:
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
Lucent Technologies Publications:
BP 152
F-06561 Valbonne Cedex, France
Lucent Technologies Customer Information Center
(CIC)
Tel: 33-92-94-42-00
FAX: 33-93-65-47-16
Tel: 800-432-6600
FAX: 800-566-9568 (in U.S.A.)
FAX: 317-322-6484 (outside U.S.A.)
TTC (Japan):
Bellcore (U.S.A.):
Bellcore Customer Service
2nd Floor, Hamamatsucho-Suzuki Building,
1 2-11, Hamamatsu-cho, Minato-ku, Tokyo
8 Corporate Plaza
Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
Tel: 81-3-3432-1551
FAX: 81-3-3432-1553
TTC Standard Publishing Group of the
Telecommunications Technology Committee
Tel: 800-521-CORE (in U.S.A.)
Tel: 908-699-5800
FAX: 212-302-1286
Lucent Technologies Inc.
109
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Data Sheet
January 1998
Notes
110
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Data Sheet
January 1998
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 (SCNT1) Transceiver
Notes
Lucent Technologies Inc.
111
For additional information, contact your Microelectronics Group Account Manager or the following:
INTERNET:
http://www.lucent.com/micro
E-MAIL:
[email protected]
U.S.A.:
Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Room 30L-15P-BA, Allentown, PA 18103
1-800-372-2447, FAX 610-712-4106 (In CANADA: 1-800-553-2448, FAX 610-712-4106)
ASIA PACIFIC: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd., 77 Science Park Drive, #03-18 Cintech III, Singapore 118256
Tel. (65) 778 8833, FAX (65) 777 7495
JAPAN:
Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Japan Ltd., 7-18, Higashi-Gotanda 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan
Tel. (81) 3 5421 1600, FAX (81) 3 5421 1700
EUROPE:
Data Requests: MICROELECTRONICS GROUP DATALINE: Tel. (44) 1189 324 299, FAX (44) 1189 328 148
Technical Inquiries: GERMANY: (49) 89 95086 0 (Munich), UNITED KINGDOM: (44) 1344 865 900 (Bracknell),
FRANCE: (33) 1 41 45 77 00 (Paris), SWEDEN: (46) 8 600 7070 (Stockholm), FINLAND: (358) 9 4354 2800 (Helsinki),
ITALY: (39) 2 6601 1800 (Milan), SPAIN: (34) 1 807 1441 (Madrid)
Lucent Technologies Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. No liability is assumed as a result of their use or application. No
rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information. 5ESS is a registered trademark of Lucent Technologies Inc.
Copyright © 1998 Lucent Technologies Inc.
All Rights Reserved
January 1998
DS97-412ISDN (Replaces DS96-095ISDN)