3059 AND 3060 Data Sheet 27612.20* 3059 AND 3060 HALL-EFFECT GEAR-TOOTH SENSORS —AC COUPLED HALL-EFFECT GEAR-TOOTH SENSORS —AC COUPLED X The UGN/UGS3059KA and UGN/UGS3060KA ac-coupled Halleffect gear-tooth sensors are monolithic integrated circuits that switch in response to changing differential magnetic fields created by moving ferrous targets. These devices are ideal for use in non-zero-speed, gear-tooth-based speed, position, and timing applications such as in anti-lock braking systems, transmissions, and crankshafts. X 2 3 4 OUTPUT GROUND FILTER 5 FILTER 1 SUPPLY VCC Dwg. PH-011 Pinning is shown viewed from branded side. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS at TA = +25°C Supply Voltage, VCC ............................. 24 V Reverse Battery Voltage, VRCC .......... -30 V Magnetic Flux Density, B ............ Unlimited Output OFF Voltage, VOUT .................... 24 V Output Current, IOUT ......................... 25 mA Package Power Dissipation, PD ............................................ 500 mW Operating Temperature Range, TA Prefix ‘UGN’ ................. -20°C to +85°C Prefix ‘UGS’ ............... -40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range, TS ............................... -65°C to +150°C Both devices, when coupled with a back-biasing magnet, can be configured to turn ON or OFF with the leading or trailing edge of a gear-tooth or slot. Changes in fields on the magnet face caused by a moving ferrous mass are sensed by two integrated Hall transducers and are differentially amplified by on-chip electronics. This differential sensing design provides immunity to radial vibration within the devices’ operating air gaps. Steady-state magnet and system offsets are eliminated using an on-chip differential band-pass filter. This filter also provides relative immunity to interference from RF and electromagnetic sources. The on-chip temperature compensation and Schmitt trigger circuitry minimizes shifts in effective working air gaps and switch points over temperature, allowing operation to low frequencies over a wide range of air gaps and temperatures. Each Hall-effect digital Integrated circuit includes a voltage regulator, two quadratic Hall-effect sensing elements, temperature compensating circuitry, a low-level amplifier, band-pass filter, Schmitt trigger, and an open-collector output driver. The on-board regulator permits operation with supply voltages of 4.5 to 24 volts. The output stage can easily switch 20 mA over the full frequency response range of the sensor and is compatible with bipolar and MOS logic circuits. The two devices provide a choice of operating temperature ranges. Both devices are packaged in a 5-pin plastic SIP. FEATURES ■ Senses Motion of Ferrous Targets Such as Gears ■ Wide Operating Temperature Range ■ Operation to 30 kHz ■ Resistant to RFI, EMI ■ Large Effective Air Gap ■ 4.5 V to 24 V Operation ■ Output Compatible With All Logic Families ■ Reverse Battery Protection ■ Resistant to Physical Stress Always order by complete part number, e.g., UGS3060KA . 3059 AND 3060 HALL-EFFECT GEAR-TOOTH SENSORS —AC COUPLED 1 SUPPLY FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM REG OUTPUT 2 + X 3 X GROUND 4 FILTER 5 Dwg. FH-008 FILTER ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over operating temperature range. Limits Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Supply Voltage VCC Operating 4.5 — 24 V VOUT(SAT) IOUT = 20 mA, B > BOP — 130 400 mV Output Leakage Current IOFF VOUT = 24 V, B < BRP — — 10 µA Supply Current ICC VCC = 18 V, B < BRP — 11 20 mA High-Frequency Cutoff fcoh -3 dB 30 — — kHz Output Saturation Voltage Output Rise time tr VOUT = 12 V, RL = 820 Ω — 0.04 0.2 µs Output Fall time tf VOUT = 12 V, RL = 820 Ω — 0.18 0.3 µs MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS over operating temperature and supply voltage ranges Part Numbers* Characteristic Operate Point, BOP Release Point, BRP Hysteresis, Bhys Test Conditions Output switches OFF to ON Output switches ON to OFF BOP - BRP Min. 10 -100 — 3059 Typ. 65 -65 130 Max. 100 -10 — Min. 5.0 -35 — 3060 Typ. 15 -15 30 Max. 35 -5.0 — NOTES: * Complete part number includes a prefix to identify operating temperature range (UGN or UGS) and the package suffix KA. Magnetic switch points are specified as the difference in magnetic fields at the two Hall elements. As used here, negative flux densities are defined as less than zero (algebraic convention). Typical values are at TA = 25°C and VCC = 12 V. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Units G G G 3059 AND 3060 HALL-EFFECT GEAR-TOOTH SENSORS —AC COUPLED TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS SWITCH POINTS 100 20 50 =8V CC DIFFERENTIAL FLUX DENSITY IN GAUSS DIFFERENTIAL FLUX DENSITY IN GAUSS V 3059 OPERATE POINT 3060 0 3060 RELEASE POINT 3059 -50 -100 -50 OPERATE POINT 10 UGN/UGS3060KA I OUT = 20 mA TA= +25°C 0 -10 RELEASE POINT -20 -25 0 25 50 100 75 125 150 0 5 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN °C 10 15 20 25 SUPPLY VOLTAGE IN VOLTS Dwg. GH-056 Dwg. GH-057 OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE 200 I OUT = 20 mA I OUT = 20 mA V CC = 12 V TA= +25°C SATURATION VOLTAGE IN mV SATURATION VOLTAGE IN mV 300 200 100 0 -50 150 100 50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 SUPPLY VOLTAGE IN VOLTS Dwg. GH-029-1 Dwg. GH-055 3059 AND 3060 HALL-EFFECT GEAR-TOOTH SENSORS —AC COUPLED TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS SUPPLY CURRENT 20 13 TA = +25°C VCC = 18 V 12 SUPPLY CURRENT IN mA SUPPLY CURRENT IN mA 15 B ≤ B RP 10 5 B < B RP 11 10 9 0 -50 8 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0 5 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN °C 10 15 20 25 SUPPLY VOLTAGE IN VOLTS Dwg. GH-028-1 Dwg. GH-031-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION A gear-tooth sensing system consists of the sensor IC, a back-biasing magnet, and a target. The system requirements are usually specified in terms of the effective working air gap between the package and the target (gear teeth), the number of switching events per rotation of the target, temperature and speed ranges, minimum pulse duration or duty cycle, and switch point accuracy. Careful choice of the sensor IC, magnet material and shape, target material and shape, and assembly techniques enables large working air gaps and high switch-point accuracy over the system operating temperature range. Naming Conventions. With a south pole in front of the branded surface of the sensor or a north pole behind the sensor, the field at the sensor is defined as positive. As used here, negative flux densities are defined as less than zero (algebraic convention), e.g., -100 G is less than -50 G. Magnet Biasing. In order to sense moving nonmagnetized ferrous targets, these devices must be backbiased by mounting the unbranded side on a small permanent magnet. Either magnetic pole (north or south) can be used. The devices can also be used without a back-biasing magnet. In this configuration, the sensor can be used to detect a rotating ring magnet such as those found in brushless dc motors or in speed sensing applications. Here, the sensor detects the magnetic field gradient created by the magnetic poles. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 3059 AND 3060 HALL-EFFECT GEAR-TOOTH SENSORS —AC COUPLED Figure 1 TYPICAL TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC 24 V MAX Sensor Operation. These sensor ICs each contain two integrated Hall transducers (E1 and E2) that are used to sense a magnetic field differential across the face of the IC (see Sensor Location drawing). Referring to Figure 1, the trigger switches the output ON (output LOW) when BE1 - BE2 < BOP and switches the output OFF (output HIGH) when BE1 - BE2 < BRP. The difference between BOP and BRP is the hysteresis of the device. OUTPUT VOLTAGE IN VOLTS B OP B RP V OUT(SAT) 0 -B 0 +B DIFFERENTIAL FLUX DENSITY, BE1 – BE2 Dwg. GH-034 Figure 2 LEADING EDGE TRAILING EDGE GEAR DIRECTION OF ROTATION E2 E1 NORTH SOUTH 4300 G (a) B &B E1 E2 4130 G 150 G B OP (b) B –B E1 0G E2 B RP -150 G V OUT (c) V OUT(SAT) OUTPUT DUTY CYCLE ≈ 50% Dwg. WH-003-1 Figure 2 relates the output state of a back-biased sensor IC, with switching characteristics shown in Figure 1, to the target gear profile and position. Assume a north pole back-bias configuration (equivalent to a south pole at the face of the device). The motion of the gear produces a phase-shifted field at E1 and E2 (Figure 2(a)); internal conditioning circuitry subtracts the fields at the two elements (Figure 2(b)); this differential field is band-pass filtered to remove dc offset components and then fed into a Schmitt trigger; the Schmitt trigger switches the output transistor at the thresholds BOP and BRP. As shown (Figure 2(c)), the IC output is LOW whenever sensor E1 sees a (ferrous) gear tooth and sensor E2 faces air. The output is HIGH when sensor E1 sees air and sensor E2 sees the ferrous target. AC-Coupled Operation. Steady-state magnet and system offsets are eliminated using an on-chip differential band-pass filter. The lower frequency cut-off of this patented filter is set using an external capacitor the value of which can range from 0.01 µF to 10 µF. The highfrequency cut-off of this filter is set at 30 kHz by an internal integrated capacitor. The differential structure of this filter enables the IC to reject single-ended noise on the ground or supply line and, hence, makes it resistant to radio-frequency and electromagnetic interference typically seen in hostile remote sensing environments. This filter configuration also increases system tolerance to capacitor degradation at high temperatures, allowing the use of an inexpensive external ceramic capacitor. 3059 AND 3060 HALL-EFFECT GEAR-TOOTH SENSORS —AC COUPLED Low-Frequency Operation. Low-frequency operation of the sensor is set by the value of an external capacitor. Figure 3 provides the low-frequency cut-off (-3 dB point) of the filter as a function of capacitance value. This information should be used with care. The graph assumes a perfect sinusoidal magnetic signal input. In reality, when used with gear teeth, the teeth create transitions in the magnetic field that have a much higher frequency content than the basic rotational speed of the target. This allows the device to sense speeds much lower than those indicated by the graph for a given capacitor value. Figure 3 1k LOW-FREQUENCY CUTOFF IN Hz 100 10 codes Z5S, Y5S, X5S, or X7S (depending on operating temperature range) or better are recommended. The commonly available Z5U temperature code should not be used in this application. Magnet Selection. The UGx3059KA or UGx3060KA can be used with a wide variety of commercially available permanent magnets. The selection of the magnet depends on the operational and environmental requirements of the sensing system. For systems that require high accuracy and large working air gaps or an extended temperature range, the usual magnet material of choice is rare-earth samarium cobalt (SmCo). This magnet material has a high energy product and can operate over an extended temperature range. For systems that require low-cost solutions for an extended temperature range, AlNiCo 8 can be used. Due to its relatively low energy product, smaller operational air gaps can be expected. Neodymium iron boron (NeFeB) can be used over moderate temperature ranges when large working air gaps are required. Of these three magnet materials, AlNiCo 8 is the least expensive by volume and SmCo is the most expensive. System Issues. Optimal performance of a gear-tooth sensing system strongly depends on four factors: the IC magnetic parameters, the magnet, the pole piece configuration, and the target. 1.0 0.1 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 CAPACITANCE IN µF Dwg. GH-025 Capacitor Characteristics. The major requirement for the external capacitor is its ability to operate in a bipolar (non-polarized) mode. Another important requirement is the low leakage current of the capacitor (equivalent parallel resistance should be greater than 500kΩ). To maintain proper operation with frequency, capacitor values should be held to within ±30% over the operating temperature range. Available non polarized capacitors include ceramic, polyester, and some tantalum types. For low-cost operation, ceramic capacitors with temperature Sensor Specifications. Shown in Figure 4 are graphs of the differential field as a function of air gap. A 48-tooth, 2.5” (63.5 mm) diameter, uniform target similar to that used in ABS applications is used. The samarium cobalt magnet is 0.32” diameter by 0.20” long (8.13 x 5.08 mm). The maximum functioning air gap with this typical gear/magnet combination can be determined using the graphs and specifications for the sensor IC. In this case, if a UGx3060KA sensor with a typical BOP of 15 G and a BRP of -15 G is used, the maximum allowable air gap would be approximately 0.120”. If the worst case switch points of ±35 G for the UGx3060KA are used, the maximum air gap is approximately 0.105”. All system issues should be translated back to such a profile to aid the prediction of system performance. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 3059 AND 3060 HALL-EFFECT GEAR-TOOTH SENSORS —AC COUPLED 2000 200 1500 150 DIFFERENTIAL FLUX DENSITY IN GAUSS DIFFERENTIAL FLUX DENSITY IN GAUSS Figure 4 DIFFERENTIAL FLUX DENSITY 1000 500 0 -500 -1000 -1500 -2000 0 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 AIRGAP FROM PACKAGE FACE IN INCHES 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200 0.070 0.080 0.100 0.090 0.110 0.120 AIRGAP FROM PACKAGE FACE IN INCHES Dwg. GH-035 Ferrous Targets. The best ferrous targets are made of cold-rolled low-carbon steel. Sintered-metal targets are also usable, but care must be taken to ensure uniform material composition and density. The teeth or slots of the target should be cut with a slight angle so as to minimize the abruptness of transition from metal to air as the target passes by the sensor. Sharp transitions will result in magnetic overshoots that can result in false triggering. Dwg. GH-036 Figure 5 SENSOR LOCATIONS (±0.005” [0.13 mm] die placement) ACTIVE AREA DEPTH 0.014" 0.37 mm NOM 0.087" 2.20 mm 0.083" 2.10 mm 0.075" 1.91 mm E1 Gear teeth larger than 0.10” (2.54 mm) wide and at least 0.10” (2.54 mm) deep provide reasonable working air gaps and adequate change in magnetic field for reliable switching. Generally, larger teeth and slots allow a larger air gap. A gear tooth width approximating the spacing between sensors (0.088” or 2.24 mm) requires special care in the sytem design and assembly techniques. E2 A BRANDED SURFACE 1 2 3 4 5 Dwg. MH-007D 3059 AND 3060 HALL-EFFECT GEAR-TOOTH SENSORS —AC COUPLED Dimensions in Inches Dimensions in Millimeters (controlling dimensions) (for reference only) 6.40 6.27 0.252 0.247 0.063 0.059 1.60 1.50 0.181 0.176 4.60 4.47 45° 0.083 1 2 3 4 45° 0.018 5 2.11 MAX 1 2 3 4 0.46 5 MAX 0.600 0.560 15.24 14.23 0.015 SEE NOTE 0.38 SEE NOTE 0.050 0.016 1.27 0.41 BSC BSC Dwg. MH-010G in Dwg. MH-010G mm Surface-Mount Lead Form (Suffix -TL) 2.41 0.095 ±0.13 ±0.005 0.002 0.051 MAX MAX 0.004 0°–8° MAX 0.10 0.020 MIN FLAT MAX Dwg. MH-015 in 0°–8° 0.51 MIN FLAT Dwg. MH-015 mm NOTES: 1. Tolerances on package height and width represent allowable mold offsets. Dimensions given are measured at the widest point (parting line). Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the design of its products. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. 2. Exact body and lead configuration at vendor’s option within limits shown. 3. Height does not include mold gate flash. 4. Recommended minimum PWB hole diameter to clear transition area is 0.035” (0.89 mm). 5. Where no tolerance is specified, dimension is nominal. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000