55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier Features General Description • High slew rate 2500 V/µs • Wide bandwidth 100MHz @ RL = 50Ω and 55MHz @ RL = 10Ω • Output current 1A continuous • Output impedance 1Ω • Quiescent current 13mA • Short circuit protected • Power package with isolated metal tab The EL2008C is a patented high speed bipolar monolithic buffer amplifier designed to provide currents over 1 amp at high frequencies, while drawing only 13 mA of quiescent supply current. The EL2008C's 1500 V/µs slew rate and 55 MHz bandwidth driving a 10Ω load is second only to the EL2009 and insures stability in fast op amp feedback loops. Elantec has applied for patents on unique circuitry within the EL2008C. Applications • • • • • • Video distribution amplifier Fast op amp booster Flash converter driver Motor driver Pulse transformer driver A.T.E. pin driver Used as an open loop buffer, the EL2008C's low output impedance (1Ω) gives a gain of 0.99 when driving a 100Ω load and 0.9 driving a 10Ω load. The EL2008C has output short circuit current limiting which will protect the device under both a DC fault condition and AC operation with reactive loads. The EL2008C is constructed using Elantec's proprietary Complementary Bipolar process that produces PNP and NPN transistors with essentially identical AC and DC characteristics. In the EL2008C, the Complementary Bipolar process also insulates the package's metal heat sink tab from all supply voltages. Therefore the tab may be mounted to an external heat sink or the chassis without an insulator. Ordering Information Part No. Temp. Range Package Outline# EL2008CT 0°C to +75°C TO-220 MDP0028 Connection Diagrams EL2008C EL2008C The EL2008CT is specified for operation over the 0°C to +75°C temperature range and is provided in a 5-lead TO-220 plastic power package. Simplified Schematic 5-Pin TO-220 Manufactured under U.S. Patent No. 4,833,424 and 4,827,223 and U.K. Patent No. 2217134. Note: All information contained in this data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication; however, this data sheet cannot be a “controlled document”. Current revisions, if any, to these specifications are maintained at the factory and are available upon your request. We recommend checking the revision level before finalization of your design documentation. © 2001 Elantec Semiconductor, Inc. December 23, 1999 Top View EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier Absolute Maximum Ratings (T VS VIN Supply Voltage (V+ - V-) Input Voltage A = 25°C) The maximum power dissipation depends on package type, ambient temperature and heat sinking. See the characteristic curves for more details. ±18V or 36V ±15 or VS TA TJ TST TLD If the input exceeds the ratings shown (or the supplies) or if the input voltage exceeds ±7.5V then the input current must be limited to ±50 mA. See the application hints for information. IIN Input Current (See note above) PD Power Dissipation ±50 mA Operating Temperature Range Operating Junction Temp Storage Temp Range Lead Solder Temp <10 seconds 0°C to +75°C 175°C -65°C to +150°C 300°C See Curves Important Note: All parameters having Min/Max specifications are guaranteed. The Test Level column indicates the specific device testing actually performed during production and Quality inspection. Elantec performs most electrical tests using modern high-speed automatic test equipment, specifically the LTX77 Series system. Unless otherwise noted, all tests are pulsed tests, therefor TJ = TC = TA. Test Level Test Procedure I 100% production tested and QA sample tested per QA test plan QCX0002. II 100% production tested at TA = 25°C and QA sample tested at TA = 25°C, T MAX and TMIN per QA test plan QCX0002. III QA sample tested per QA test plan QCX0002. IV Parameter is guaranteed (but not tested) by Design and Characterization Data. V Parameter is typical value at TA = 25°C for information purposes only. Electrical Characteristics VS = ±15V, RS = 50Ω, unless otherwise specified Test Conditions Parameter VOS IIN Description Output Offset Voltage Input Current Limits VIN Load Temp Min Typ Max Test Level 0 × 25°C -40 10 +40 I mV TMIN, TMAX -50 +50 IV mV +35 I µA +50 IV µA 0 × 25°C -35 TMIN, TMAX -50 -5 Units RIN Input Impedance ±12V 100Ω 25°C 0.5 2 I MΩ AV1 AV2 AV3 Voltage Gain Voltage Gain Voltage Gain, V S = ±15V ±10V ±10V ±3V × 10Ω 10Ω 25°C 25°C 25°C 0.985 0.88 0.87 0.9995 0.91 0.89 I I I V/V V/V V/V V01 Output Voltage Swing ±14V 100Ω 25°C ±13 I V V02 Output Voltage Swing ±12V 10Ω 25°C ±10.5 R01 Output Impedance ±10V ±10 mA 25°C R02 Output Impedance ±10V ±1A 25°C IO Output Current ±12V [1] 25°C 1.25 TMIN, TMAX 1 IS Supply Current 0 × 25°C 12 PSRR Supply Rejection [2] 0 × 25°C 60 VS+, VS- Supply Sensitivity [3] × 25°C SR1 Slew Rate [4] ±10V ±10V 50Ω 10Ω 25°C 25°C SR2 Slew Rate [5] ±5V 10Ω tr, tf Rise/Fall Time 100 mV 10Ω ±11 I V 1.8 2.5 I Ω 0.8 1.15 I Ω I A IV A I mA 1.8 17 26 I dB I mV/V 2500 1500 V V V/µs V/µs 25°C 800 V V/µs 25°C 7 V ns 2 2 Electrical Characteristics VS = ±15V, RS = 50Ω, unless otherwise specified Test Conditions Parameter Description BW -3 dB Bandwidth CIN Input Capacitance THD 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Limits VIN Load Temp Test Level Units 100 mV 10Ω 25°C 55 V MHz 25°C 25 V pF I % 25°C Min Typ Max 1 Force the input to +12V and the output to +10V and measure the output current. Repeat with -12V and -10V on the output. VS = ±4.5V then VS is changed to ±18V. VS+ = +15V, VS- = -4.5V then VS - is changed to -18V and VS- = -15V, VS+ = +4.5V then VS+ is changed to +18V. Slew Rate is measured between VOUT = +5V and -5V. 7:Slew Rate is measured between VOUT = +2.5V and -2.5V. 3 EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier Typical Performance Curves Slew Rate vs Capacitance Load Slew Rate vs Supply Voltage Rise Time vs Temperature Output Impedance vs Frequency Output Resistance vs Supply Voltage Small Signal Output Resistance vs DC Output Current -3 dB Bandwidth vs Supply Voltage Quiescent Supply Current vs Supply Voltage 4 Input Current vs Input Voltage Voltage Gain vs Frequency at Various Resistive Loads Voltage Gain vs Frequency at Various Capacitive Loads Voltage Gain vs Frequency at Various Capacitive Loads Phase Shift vs Frequency at Various Resistive Loads Reverse Isolation vs Frequency Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs Frequency Active operating area. Active operating area. 5 EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier Burn-In Circuit Applications Information The EL2008C is a monolithic buffer amplifier built on Elantec's proprietary dielectric isolation process that produces NPN and PNP transistors with essentially identical DC and AC characteristics. The EL2008C takes full advantage of the complementary process with a unique circuit topology. interference it can cause. At a minimum a 10 µF tantalum capacitor in parallel with a 0.1 µF capacitor with short leads should be used for both supplies. Input Characteristics The input to the EL2008C looks like a resistance in parallel with about 25 pF in addition to a DC bias current. The DC bias current is due to the mismatch in beta and collector current between the NPN and PNP transistors connected to the input pin. The bias current can be either positive or negative. The change in input current with input voltage (RIN) is affected by the output load, beta and the internal boost. RIN can actually appear negative over portions of the input range in some units. A few typical input current (IIN) curves are shown in the characteristic curves. Elantec has applied for two patents based on the EL2008C's topology. The patents relate to the base drive and feedback mechanism in the buffer. This feedback makes 3000 V/µs slew rates with 10Ω load possible with modest supply current. Power Supplies The EL2008C may be operated with single or split supplies with total voltage difference between 10V (±5V) and 36V (±18V). However, bandwidth, slew rate and output impedance are affected by total supply voltages below 20V (±10V) as shown by the characteristic curves. It is not necessary to use equal split value supplies. For example -5V and +12V would be excellent for signals from -2V to +9V. Internal clamp diodes from the input to the output are provided. These diodes protect the transistor base emitter junctions and limit the boost current during slew to avoid saturation of internal transistors. The diodes begin conduction at about ±2.5V input to output differential. When that happens the input resistance drops dramatically. The diodes are rated at 50 mA. When conducting Bypass capacitors from each supply pin to ground are highly recommended to reduce supply ringing and the 6 Parallel Operation they have a series resistance of about 20Ω. If the output of the EL2008C is accidentally shorted it is possible that some devices driving the EL2008C's input could be damaged or destroyed driving the EL2008C's load through the diodes while the EL2008C is unaffected. In such cases a resistor in series with the input of the EL2008C can limit the current. If more than 1A is required or if heat management is a problem, several EL2008Cs may be paralleled together. The result is as through each device was driving only part of the load. For example, if two units are paralleled then a 5Ω load looks like 10Ω to each EL2008C. Of course, parallel operation reduces both the input and output impedance and increases bias current. But there is no increase in offset voltage. Three units in parallel can drive a 3Ω load ±10V at 2500 V/µs. The output impedance will be about 0.33Ω. Source Impedance The EL2008C has good input to output isolation. Open loop, capacitive and resistive sources up to 100 kΩ present no oscillation problem driving resistive loads as long as care is used in board layout to minimize output to input coupling and the supplies are properly bypassed. When driving capacitive loads in the 100 pF to 1000 pF region source resistances above 25Ω can cause peaking and oscillation. Such problems can be eliminated by placing a capacitor from the EL2008C's input to ground. The value should be about 1/4 the load capacitance. In a feedback loop there is a speed penalty and a possibility of oscillation when the EL2008C is driven with a source impedance of 200Ω or more. Significant phase shift can occur due to the EL2008C's 25 pF input capacitance. Inductive sources can cause oscillations. A series resistor of a few hundred ohms to 1 kΩ will usually solve the problem. Resistive Loads The DC gain of the EL2008C is the product of the unloaded gain (0.999) and the voltage divider formed by the device output resistance and the load resistance. AV = 0.999* (RL/RL + ROUT) The high frequency response varies with the load resistance as shown by the characteristic curves. Both gain and phase are shown. If the 80 MHz peaking is undesirable when driving load resistors greater than 50Ω, an RC snubber circuit can be used from output to ground. The capacitive load section discusses snubber usage in more detail. Capacitive Loads Current Limit The EL2008C is not stable driving purely capacitive loads between 100 pF and 500 pF. Purely capacitive loads from 500 pF to 1000 pF will also have excessive peaking as shown in the characteristic curves. The squarewave response will have large overshoots and ring for hundreds of nanoseconds. The EL2008C has internal current limiting to protect the output transistors. The current limit is about 1.5A at room temperature and decreases with junction temperature. At 150°C junction temperature it is above 1A. Heat Sinking When driving capacitive loads, stability can be achieved and peaking and ringing can be minimized either by adding a 50Ω (or less) load in parallel with the capacitive load or by an RC snubber circuit from output to ground. The snubber values can be found empirically by observing a squarewave or the frequency response. First just put a resistor alone from the output to ground until the desired response is achieved. The gain will be reduced due to the output resistance of the EL2008C and power consumption will be high. Then put a capacitor in series with the resistor to restore gain at low frequencies and eliminate the DC current. Start with a small capacitor and increase until the response is optimum. The figure A suitable heat sink will be required for most applications. The thermal resistance junction to case for the TO220 package is 4°C per watt. No voltage appears at the heat sink tab so no precautions need to be taken to avoid shorting the tab to a supply voltage or ground. As there is a small parasitic capacitance between the tab and the buffer circuitry, it is recommended that the tab be connected to AC ground (either supply voltage or DC ground). The center lead is internally connected to the tab so the connection can be made at the tab or the center lead. 7 EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier below shows an example of an EL2008C driving a 100 pF load. frequency compensation is required. An op amp followed with the EL2008C can drive loads as low as 10Ω to ±10V. Driving capacitive loads with any closed loop system creates special problems. The open loop output impedance works into the load capacitance to generate phase lag which can make the loop unstable. The EL2008C output impedance is less than 10Ω from DC to 30 MHz. But a capacitive load of 1000 pF will generate about 45 degrees of phase shift at 30 MHz. More capacitance will cause the problem at lower frequency. With enough capacitance even slow op amps will become unstable. The simplest way to drive capacitive loads is to isolate them from the feedback with a series resistor. 1Ω to 5Ω is usually enough but the final value will depend on the op amp used and the range of load capacitance. Driving a pure capacitive load. Top trace is without a snubber. Bottom trace is with a snubber circuit. Inductive Loads The EL2008C with its 1A output current can drive small motors and other inductive loads. The EL2008C's current limiting into inductive loads does NOT in and of itself cause spikes and kickbacks. However, if the EL2008C is in current limit and the input voltage is changing very quickly (i.e., a squarewave) the inductive load can kick the output beyond the supply voltages. Motors are also able to generate kickback voltages when the EL2008C is in current limit. CL tr O.S. 13 pF 470 pF 1000 pF 3300 pF 0.1 µF 1 µF 5 µF 45 ns 50 ns 55 ns 60 ns 350 ns 4 µs 20 µs 20% 20% 30% 30% 0% 0% 0% Unfortunately the isolation resistor is not inside the op amp feedback loop and cannot be neglected when computing the DC voltage gain into a resistive load. If load dependent DC gain is not tolerable then additional high frequency feedback from the op amp output (the EL2008C input) and an isolation resistor from the buffer output can be used to stabilize the loop. This configuration requires the op amp to be unity gain stable. This feedback method will allow the EL2008C to boost the output of the EHA2505 amplifier below and serve as a To prevent damage to the EL2008C when the output kicks beyond the supplies it is recommended that catch diodes be placed from each supply to the output. Op Amp Booster The EL2008C can boost the output drive of almost any monolithic op amp. If the phase shift in the EL2008C is low at the op amp's unity gain frequency, no additional 8 variable, bipolar 1A voltage supply with short circuit protection. lize the loop. The 100Ω resistor at the EL2008C output (R2) to the -12V supply, insures that the EL2008C sources current even when the output voltage is at 0V. This is necessary to achieve the excellent differential gain and phase values. More information about driving cables can be found in the EL2003 data sheet. See the EL2020 data sheet to learn more about using it as a multiplexer. Slew Rate = 1A/CL Video Distribution Amplifier The EL2008C can drive 15 double matched 75Ω cables. If the EL2008C is used within an op amp feedback loop the output levels are independent of loading. The circuit below accepts 1 of 2 inputs and drives 15 cables. Pin 8 of the EL2020 (Disable) is used to multiplex between the inputs and can be easily expanded to accept more inputs. The circuit as shown when fully loaded has differential phase <0.1° and differential gain <0.1%. The 100Ω resistor at the EL2008C input (R1) is necessary to stabi- Input (top trace) and output (bottom trace) of EHA2505 op amp boosted by EL2008C. 9 EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier Video Mux and Distribution Amplifier 10 EL2008C Macromodel * Connections: +input * | +Vsupply * | | -Vsupply * | | | output * | | | | .subckt M2008 4 5 1 2 * * Input Stage * e1 10 0 4 0 1.0 r1 10 0 1K rh 10 11 1K ch 11 0 2.65pF rc 11 12 10K cc 12 0 0.159pF e2 13 0 12 0 1.0 * * Output Stage * q1 1 13 14 qp q2 5 13 15 qn q3 5 14 16 qn 15 q4 1 15 19 qp 15 r2 16 2 0.4 r3 19 2 0.4 c1 14 0 0.6pF c2 15 0 0.6pF i1 5 14 1.2mA i2 15 1 1.2mA * * Bias Current * iin+ 4 0 5µA * * Models * .model qn npn (is=5e-15 bf=1500) .model qp pnp (is=5e-15 bf=1500) .ends 11 EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier EL2008C EL2008C 55 MHz 1 Amp Buffer Amplifier General Disclaimer Specifications contained in this data sheet are in effect as of the publication date shown. Elantec, Inc. reserves the right to make changes in the circuitry or specifications contained herein at any time without notice. Elantec, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits described herein and makes no representations that they are free from patent infringement. December 23, 1999 WARNING - Life Support Policy Elantec, Inc. products are not authorized for and should not be used within Life Support Systems without the specific written consent of Elantec, Inc. Life Support systems are equipment intended to support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions provided can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. Users contemplating application of Elantec, Inc. Products in Life Support Systems are requested to contact Elantec, Inc. factory headquarters to establish suitable terms & conditions for these applications. Elantec, Inc.’s warranty is limited to replacement of defective components and does not cover injury to persons or property or other consequential damages. Elantec Semiconductor, Inc. 675 Trade Zone Blvd. Milpitas, CA 95035 Telephone: (408) 945-1323 (888) ELANTEC Fax: (408) 945-9305 European Office: +44-118-977-6020 Japan Technical Center: +81-45-682-5820 12 Printed in U.S.A.