0$5&+ ìääæ '$7$ 6+((7 9HUVLRQ ìïí /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV IRU '6ìî'6;ðìî&68 RU 178î,6'1 35, $SSOLFDWLRQV *HQHUDO 'HVFULSWLRQ 7KH /;7êçí DQG /;7êçì DUH WKH ILUVW IXOOðIHDWXUHGñ IXOO\ LQWHJUDWHGñ FRPELQDWLRQ WUDQVFHLYHUV IRU (ì ,6'1 3ULPDU\ 5DWH ,QWHUIDFH DQG 7ì ORQJð DQG VKRUWðKDXO DSSOLFDWLRQVï 7KH\ RSHUDWH RYHU íïçê PP õëë $:*ô WZLVWHGðSDLU FDEOHV IRU í WR ë NP õç NIWô DQG RIIHU /LQH %XLOGð2XWV DQG SXOVH HTXDOL]DWLRQ VHWWLQJV IRU DOO 7ì DQG (ì /LQH ,QWHUIDFH 8QLW õ/,8ô DSSOLFDWLRQVï 7KH /;7êçí DQG /;7êçì DUH LGHQWLFDO H[FHSW IRU WKHLU FRQWURO RSWLRQVï 7KH /;7êçì RIIHUV DQ ,QWHO RU 0RWRUROD FRPSDWLEOH SDUDOOHO SRUW IRU PLFURSURFHVVRU FRQWUROï 7KH /;7êçí SURYLGHV ERWK D VHULDO SRUW IRU PLFURSURFHVVRU FRQWURO DQG D KDUGZDUH FRQWURO PRGH IRU VWDQG DORQH RSHUð DWLRQï %RWK LQFRUSRUDWH DGYDQFHG FU\VWDOðOHVV GLJLWDO MLWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ LQ HLWKHU WKH WUDQVPLW RU UHFHLYH GDWD SDWK VWDUWð LQJ DW ê +]ï %å=6î+'%ê HQFRGLQJîGHFRGLQJ DQG XQLSRODU RU ELSRODU GDWD ,î2 DUH DYDLODEOHï %RWK /,8V SURYLGH ORVV RI VLJQDO PRQLWRULQJ DQG D YDULHW\ RI GLDJQRVWLF ORRSEDFN PRGHVï 7KH /;7êçíîêçì XVHV DQ DGYDQFHG GRXEOHðSRO\ñ GRXEOHð PHWDO IDEULFDWLRQ SURFHVV DQG UHTXLUHV RQO\ D VLQJOH èðYROW SRZHU VXSSO\ï $SSOLFDWLRQV ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ,6'1 3ULPDU\ 5DWH ,QWHUIDFH õ,6'1 35,ô &68î178 LQWHUIDFH WR 7ìî(ì 6HUYLFH :LUHOHVV %DVH 6WDWLRQ LQWHUIDFH 7ìî(ì /$1î:$1 EULGJHîURXWHUV 7ìî(ì 0X[â &KDQQHO %DQNV 'LJLWDO /RRS &DUULHU ð 6XEVFULEHU &DUULHU 6\VWHPV )HDWXUHV ‡ )XOO\ LQWHJUDWHG WUDQVFHLYHUV IRU /RQJð RU 6KRUWð+DXO 7ì RU (ì LQWHUIDFHV ‡ &U\VWDOðOHVV GLJLWDO MLWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ 6HOHFW HLWKHU WUDQVPLW RU UHFHLYH SDWK 1R FU\VWDO RU KLJK VSHHG H[WHUQDO FORFN UHTXLUHG ‡ 0HHW RU H[FHHG VSHFLILFDWLRQV LQ $16, 7ìïéíê DQG 7ìïéíåâ ,78 ,ïéêìñ *ïæíêñ *ïæêçñ *ïææè DQG *ïåëêâ (76, êííðìçç DQG êííðëêêâ DQG $7÷7 3XE çëéìì ‡ 6XSSRUW æè Ω õ(ì FRD[ôñ ìíí Ω õ7ì WZLVWHGðSDLUô DQG ìëí Ω õ(ì WZLVWHGðSDLUô DSSOLFDWLRQV ‡ 6HOHFWDEOH UHFHLYHU VHQVLWLYLW\ ¤ )XOO\ UHVWRUHV WKH UHFHLYHG VLJQDO DIWHU WUDQVPLVVLRQ WKURXJK D FDEOH ZLWK DWWHQXDWLRQ RI HLWKHU í WR ëç G%ñ RU í WR êç G% # ææë N+] DQG í WR éê G% # ìíëé N+] ‡ )LYH 3XOVH (TXDOL]DWLRQ 6HWWLQJV IRU 7ì VKRUWðKDXO DSSOLFDWLRQV ‡ )RXU /LQH %XLOGð2XWV IRU 7ì ORQJðKDXO DSSOLFDWLRQV IURP í G% WR ðëëïè G% ‡ 7UDQVPLWîUHFHLYH SHUIRUPDQFH PRQLWRUV ZLWK 'ULYHU )DLO 0RQLWRU 2SHQ DQG /RVV RI 6LJQDO RXWSXWV ‡ 6HOHFWDEOH XQLSRODU RU ELSRODU GDWD ,î2 DQG %å=6î+'%ê HQFRGLQJîGHFRGLQJ ‡ /LQH DWWHQXDWLRQ LQGLFDWLRQ RXWSXW LQ ëïä G% VWHSV ‡ 4566 JHQHUDWRUîGHWHFWRU IRU WHVWLQJ RU PRQLWRULQJ ‡ 2XWSXW VKRUW FLUFXLW FXUUHQW OLPLW SURWHFWLRQ ‡ /RFDOñ UHPRWHñ DQDORJ DQG LQEDQG QHWZRUN ORRSEDFN JHQHUDWLRQ DQG GHWHFWLRQ ‡ 0XOWLSOHðUHJLVWHU VHULDOð RU SDUDOOHOðLQWHUIDFH IRU PLFURSURFHVVRU FRQWURO ‡ $YDLODEOH LQ ëåðSLQ ',3ñ ëåðSLQ 3/&&ñ DQG ééðSLQ 34)3 SDFNDJHV „ „ /;7êçí %ORFN 'LDJUDP ì ë ê é è æ å ä ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè L1 êðèæ /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV )LJXUH ìã /;7êçí +DUGZDUH &RQWUROOHG %LSRODU 0RGH 3LQ $VVLJQPHQWV /;7êçí3( QîF (&ê 5/223 //223 7$26 0&/. QîF 7&/. 71(* 7326 QîF /;7êçí1( éé éê éë éì éí êä êå êæ êç êè êé QîF ì êê QîF 02'( ë êë (&ë 51(* ê êì (&ì 5326 é êí QîF ëä *1' 5&/. è QîF ç 7567( æ QîF QîF /;7êçí4( ëå QîF ëæ 9&& å ëç QîF ä ëè 55,1* -$6(/ ìí ëé 57,3 QîF ìì ëê QîF QîF 1/223 (&é 75,1* 79&&7 QîF 77,3 7*1' QîF QîF /26 ìë ìê ìé ìè ìç ìæ ìå ìä ëí ëì ëë 7DEOH ìã /;7êçí &ORFN DQG 'DWD 3LQ $VVLJQPHQWV E\ 0RGHì 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4(3 3/&& ([WHUQDO 'DWD 0RGHV %LSRODU 0RGH 4566 0RGHV 8QLSRODU 0RGH %LSRODU 0RGH 8QLSRODU 0RGH ì êä 0&/. ë éì 7&/. ê éë 7326 7'$7$ ,16/(5 é éê 71(* ,16%39 ,16%39 ç ê 51(* %39 51(* %39 ìï 'DWD SLQV FKDQJH EDVHG RQ ZKHWKHU H[WHUQDO GDWD RU LQWHUQDO 4566 PRGH LV DFWLYHï &ORFN SLQV UHPDLQ WKH VDPH LQ ERWK +DUGZDUH DQG +RVW 0RGHVï êðèå L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH ìã /;7êçí &ORFN DQG 'DWD 3LQ $VVLJQPHQWV E\ 0RGHì¤ FRQWLQXHG 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4(3 3/&& ([WHUQDO 'DWD 0RGHV 4566 0RGHV %LSRODU 0RGH 8QLSRODU 0RGH %LSRODU 0RGH 8QLSRODU 0RGH 5326 5'$7$ 5326 5'$7$ æ é å è 5&/. ìê ìè 77,3 ìé ìç 7*1' ìè ìå 79&& ìç ìä 75,1* ìä ëé 57,3 ëí ëç 55,1* ëì ëæ 9&& ëë ëä *1' ë ê é è ìï 'DWD SLQV FKDQJH EDVHG RQ ZKHWKHU H[WHUQDO GDWD RU LQWHUQDO 4566 PRGH LV DFWLYHï &ORFN SLQV UHPDLQ WKH VDPH LQ ERWK +DUGZDUH DQG +RVW 0RGHVï 7DEOH ëã /;7êçí &RQWURO 3LQV E\ 0RGH 3LQ ú 3LQ ú +DUGZDUH 0RGHV +RVW 0RGHV 3LQ ú 3LQ ú +DUGZDUH 0RGHV +RVW 0RGHV ',3î 4)3 ',3î 4)3 3/&& 3/&& 8QLSRODUî 4566 8QLSRODUî 4566 8QLSRODUî 4566 8QLSRODUî 4566 %LSRODU %LSRODU %LSRODU %LSRODU è ë 02'( 02'( ëè êè (&ê 6'2 ä æ 7567( 7567( ìæ ëí (&é /RZ ìì ìí -$6(/ /RZ ìå ëì 1/223 1/223 ìë ìê ëç êç 5/223 CS ëê êì (&ì INT ëæ êæ //223 6&/. ëé êë (&ë 6', ëå êå /26 /26î 43' /26 /26î 43' ì 7$26 4566 æ å ä ìí ìì &/.( ìë ìê ìé ìè L1 êðèä /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH êã /;7êçí +DUGZDUH &RQWUROOHG %LSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQV 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3é 3/&& 6\PERO ,î2ë 'HVFULSWLRQ ìì êäì 0&/. ', 0DVWHU &ORFNï &RQQHFW WR ìïèéé 0+] IRU 7ì RSHUDWLRQâ WR ëïíéå 0+] IRU (ìï 0&/. LQSXW UHTXLUHV DQ H[WHUQDOñ LQGHSHQGHQW FORFN VLJQDO WR JHQHUDWH LQWHUQDO FORFNVï 5HTXLUHG DFFXUDF\ LV EHWWHU WKDQ ‘ êë SSP ZLWK D W\SLFDO GXW\ F\FOH RI èíøï 8SRQ /RVV RI 6LJQDO õ/26ôñ 5&/. LV GHULYHG IURP 0&/.ï ëì éìì 7&/. ', 7UDQVPLW &ORFNï ìïèéé 0+] RU ëïíéå 0+] FORFN LQSXWï 7UDQVFHLYHU VDPSOHV 7326 DQG 71(* RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 7&/. ê é éë éê 7326 71(* ', 7UDQVPLW 'DWD ¤ 3RVLWLYH DQG 1HJDWLYHï ,Q WKH %LSRODU ,î2 PRGHñ WKHVH SLQV DUH WKH SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH VLGHV RI D ELSRODU LQSXW SDLUï 'DWD WR EH WUDQVPLWWHG RQWR WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQH LV LQSXW DW WKHVH SLQVï 7DEOH é GHVFULEHV 8QLSRODU 0RGH IXQFWLRQVï èì ë 02'( ', 0RGH 6HOHFWï &RQQHFWLQJ 02'( /RZ SXWV WKH /;7êçí LQ WKH +DUGZDUH 0RGHï ,Q +DUGZDUH 0RGHñ WKH VHULDO LQWHUIDFH LV GLVDEOHG DQG KDUGZLUHG SLQV DUH XVHG WR FRQWURO FRQILJXUDWLRQ DQG UHSRUW VWDWXVï &RQQHFWLQJ 02'( WR 0LGUDQJHê DFWLYDWHV WKH +DUGZDUH 0RGH DQG HQDEOHV WKH %å=6î+'%ê HQFRGHUîGHFRGHU DQG 8QLSRODU 0RGHï &RQQHFWLQJ 02'( +LJK SXWV WKH /;7êçí LQ WKH +RVW 0RGHï ,Q WKH +RVW 0RGHñ WKH VHULDO LQWHUIDFH FRQWUROV WKH /;7êçí DQG GLVSOD\V LWV VWDWXVï ç æ ê é 51(* 5326 '2 5HFHLYH 'DWD ¤ 1HJDWLYH DQG 3RVLWLYHï ,Q WKH %LSRODU ,î2 PRGHñ WKHVH SLQV DUH WKH SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH VLGHV RI D ELSRODU RXWSXW SDLUï 'DWD UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH OLQH LQWHUIDFH LV RXWSXW RQ WKHVH SLQVï $ VLJQDO RQ 51(* FRUUHVSRQGV WR UHFHLSW RI D QHJDWLYH SXOVH RQ 57,3î55,1*ï $ VLJQDO RQ 5326 FRUUHVSRQGV WR UHFHLSW RI D SRVLWLYH SXOVH RQ 57,3î55,1*ï 51(*î5326 RXWSXWV DUH 1RQð5HWXUQðWRð=HURï %RWK RXWSXWV DUH VWDEOH DQG YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï 5HIHU WR 7DEOH é IRU 8QLSRODU 0RGH IXQFWLRQ GHVFULSWLRQVï å ìè 5&/. '2 5HFRYHUHG &ORFNï 7KH FORFN UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH OLQH LQSXW VLJQDO LV RXWSXW RQ WKLV SLQï 8QGHU /26 FRQGLWLRQV WKHUH LV D VPRRWK WUDQVLWLRQ IURP 5&/. VLJQDO õGHULYHG IURP WKH UHFRYHUHG GDWDô WR 0&/. VLJQDO DW WKH 5&/. RXWSXWï ä æ 7567( ', 7ULVWDWHï &RQQHFWLQJ 7567( +LJK IRUFHV DOO RXWSXW SLQV WR D KLJK LPSHGDQFH VWDWHï &RQQHFWLQJ 7567( /RZ VHWV /;7êçí WR WKH +DUGZDUH %LSRODU 0RGHï &RQQHFWLQJ 7567( WR 0LGUDQJHê HQDEOHV WKH 8QLSRODU 0RGHï õ6HH 7DEOH é IRU 8QLSRODU IXQFWLRQ GHVFULSWLRQVïô ìí ¤ QîF ¤ 1R FRQQHFWLRQï /HDYH WKLV SLQ IORDWLQJï ìï 7KHVH SLQV GR QRW FKDQJH IXQFWLRQ DV WKH RSHUDWLQJ PRGH FKDQJHVï 7DEOHV é WKURXJK ç GR QRW GHVFULEH WKHVH SLQVï ëï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHVã ', 'LJLWDO ,QSXWâ '2 'LJLWDO 2XWSXWâ ',î2 'LJLWDO ,QSXWî2XWSXWâ $, $QDORJ ,QSXWâ $2 êï 0LGUDQJH LV D YROWDJH OHYHO VXFK WKDW ëïê 9 ≤ 0LGUDQJH ≤ ëïæ 9 RU WKH SLQ PD\ IORDWï éï 3LQV ìñ çñ åñ ììñ ìëñ ìéñ ìæñ ëëñ ëêñ ëçñ ëåñ êíñ êêñ êéñ éíñ DQG éé DUH QRW FRQQHFWHG õQîFôï êðçí $QDORJ 2XWSXWï L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH êã /;7êçí +DUGZDUH &RQWUROOHG %LSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQV ¤ FRQWLQXHG 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3é 3/&& 6\PERO ,î2ë 'HVFULSWLRQ ì ìì ìí -$6(/ ', -LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ 6HOHFWï 6HOHFWV MLWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ ORFDWLRQï &RQQHFWLQJ -$6(/ +LJK DFWLYDWHV WKH MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRU LQ WKH UHFHLYH SDWKï &RQQHFWLQJ -$6(/ /RZ DFWLYDWHV WKH MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRU LQ WKH WUDQVPLW SDWKï &RQQHFWLQJ -$6(/ WR 0LGUDQJHê GLVDEOHV -$ï ìë ìê /26 '2 /RVV RI 6LJQDO ,QGLFDWRUï ,Q 7ì PRGHVñ /26 JRHV +LJK RQ UHFHLSW RI ìæè FRQð VHFXWLYH VSDFHV DQG UHWXUQV /RZ ZKHQ WKH UHFHLYHG VLJQDO UHDFKHV D PDUN GHQð VLW\ RI ìëïèø õGHWHUPLQHG E\ UHFHLSW RI ìç PDUNV ZLWKLQ D VOLGLQJ ZLQGRZ RI ìëå ELWV ZLWK IHZHU WKDQ ìíí FRQVHFXWLYH ]HURVôï ,Q (ì PRGHVñ /26 JRHV +LJK RQ UHFHLSW RI êë FRQVHFXWLYH VSDFHVñ DQG UHWXUQV /RZ ZKHQ WKH UHFHLYHU GHWHFWV ìëïèø PDUN GHQVLW\ õGHWHUPLQHG E\ UHFHLSW RI é PDUNV ZLWKLQ D VOLGLQJ ZLQGRZ RI êë ELWV ZLWK IHZHU WKDQ ìç FRQVHFXWLYH ]HURVôï 7KH WUDQVFHLYHU RXWSXWV UHFHLYHG PDUNV RQ 5326 DQG 51(* HYHQ ZKHQ /26 LV +LJKï ìêì ìçì ìèì ìäì 77,3 75,1* ìéì ìçì 7*1' ìèì ìåì 79&& ìæ ëí ì ì $2 ë 7UDQVPLW 7LS DQG 5LQJï 'LIIHUHQWLDO 'ULYHU 2XWSXWVï 7KHVH RXWSXWV DUH GHVLJQHG WR GULYH D èí ð ëíí Ω ORDGï 7KH WUDQVIRUPHU DQG OLQH PDWFKLQJ UHVLVð WRUV VKRXOG EH VHOHFWHG WR JLYH WKH GHVLUHG SXOVH KHLJKW DQG UHWXUQ ORVV SHUIRUð PDQFHï ', òè 9'& 3RZHU 6XSSO\ LQSXW IRU WKH WUDQVPLW GULYHUVï 79&& PXVW QRW YDU\ IURP 9&& E\ PRUH WKDQ ‘ íïê 9ï å (&é ', (TXDOL]DWLRQ &RQWURO éï 8VHG ZLWK (&êðì õSLQV ëêðëèô IRU SXOVH HTXDOL]DWLRQ DQG /%2 VHWWLQJVï ä 1/223 '2 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN 'HWHFWLRQï ,I WKH /;7êçí LV FRQILJXUHG WR GHWHFW 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN õ1/223ô õE\ FRQQHFWLQJ WKH 5/223 SLQ WR 0LGUDQJHêôñ WKLV SLQ JRHV +LJK ZKHQ DQ ,QEDQG 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN KDV EHHQ DFWLYDWHG E\ WKH UHFHSð WLRQ RI D ííííì SDWWHUQ IRU ILYH VHFRQGVï 1/223 LV UHVHW E\ UHFHSWLRQ RI ííì IRU ILYH VHFRQGVñ RU E\ DFWLYDWLRQ RI 5/223ï ìäì ëíì ëéì ëèì 57,3 55,1* $, 5HFHLYH 7LS DQG 5LQJï 7KH $0, VLJQDO UHFHLYHG IURP WKH OLQH LV DSSOLHG DW WKHVH SLQVï $ ìãì WUDQVIRUPHU LV UHTXLUHGï 'DWD DQG FORFN IURP WKH VLJQDO DSSOLHG DW WKHVH SLQV DUH UHFRYHUHG DQG RXWSXW RQ WKH 5326î51(*ñ DQG 5&/. SLQVï ëìì ëæì 9&& òè 9'& 3RZHU 6XSSO\ IRU DOO FLUFXLWV H[FHSW WKH WUDQVPLW GULYHUVï õ7UDQVPLW GULYHUV DUH VXSSOLHG E\ 79&&ïô ì ì *1' *URXQG UHWXUQ IRU SRZHU VXSSO\ 9&&ï ìï 7KHVH SLQV GR QRW FKDQJH IXQFWLRQ DV WKH RSHUDWLQJ PRGH FKDQJHVï 7DEOHV é WKURXJK ç GR QRW GHVFULEH WKHVH SLQVï ëï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHVã ', 'LJLWDO ,QSXWâ '2 'LJLWDO 2XWSXWâ ',î2 'LJLWDO ,QSXWî2XWSXWâ $, $QDORJ ,QSXWâ $2 êï 0LGUDQJH LV D YROWDJH OHYHO VXFK WKDW ëïê 9 ≤ 0LGUDQJH ≤ ëïæ 9 RU WKH SLQ PD\ IORDWï éï 3LQV ìñ çñ åñ ììñ ìëñ ìéñ ìæñ ëëñ ëêñ ëçñ ëåñ êíñ êêñ êéñ éíñ DQG éé DUH QRW FRQQHFWHG õQîFôï L1 è æ ëì ëä é *URXQG UHWXUQ IRU WKH WUDQVPLW GULYHUV SRZHU VXSSO\ 79&&ï ìå ëë ê ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé $QDORJ 2XWSXWï ìè êðçì /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH êã /;7êçí +DUGZDUH &RQWUROOHG %LSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQV ¤ FRQWLQXHG 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3é 3/&& 6\PERO ,î2ë 'HVFULSWLRQ ëê ëé ëè êì êë êè (&ì (&ë (&ê ', (TXDOL]DWLRQ &RQWURO êðìï (&éðì õLQFOXGLQJ SLQ ìæô GHILQH WKH 3XOVH (TXDOð L]DWLRQñ /LQH %XLOG 2XWV DQG (TXDOL]HU *DLQ /LPLW VHWWLQJVï 6HH 7DEOH ìë IRU DGGLWLRQDO GHWDLOVï ëç êç 5/223 ', 5HPRWH /RRSEDFNï :KHQ KHOG +LJKñ WKH FORFN DQG GDWD LQSXWV IURP WKH IUDPHU õ7326î71(* RU 7'$7$ô DUH LJQRUHG DQG WKH GDWD UHFHLYHG IURP WKH WZLVWHGð SDLU OLQH LV WUDQVPLWWHG EDFN RQWR WKH OLQH DW WKH 5&/. IUHTXHQF\ï 'XULQJ UHPRWH ORRSEDFNñ WKH GHYLFH LJQRUHV WKH LQðOLQH HQFRGHUVîGHFRGHUVï &RQQHFWLQJ WKLV SLQ WR 0LGUDQJH HQDEOHV 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFNï 6HH )LJXUH åï ëæ êæ //223 ', /RFDO /RRSEDFNï :KHQ KHOG +LJKñ WKH GDWD RQ 7326 DQG 71(* ORRSV EDFN GLJLWDOO\ WR 5326 DQG 51(* RXWSXWV õWKURXJK -$ LI HQDEOHGôï &RQQHFWLQJ WKLV SLQ WR 0LGUDQJHê HQDEOHV $QDORJ /RRSEDFN õ77,3 DQG 75,1* ORRSHG EDFN WR 57,3 DQG 55,1*ôï 6HH )LJXUHV èñ çñ DQG æï ëå êå 7$26 ', 7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHVï :KHQ KHOG +LJK WKH WUDQVPLW GDWD LQSXWV DUH LJQRUHG DQG WKH /;7êçíîêçì WUDQVPLWV D VWUHDP RI ìV DW WKH 7&/. IUHTXHQF\ï õ,I 7&/. LV QRW VXSSOLHGñ 0&/. LV WKH WUDQVPLW FORFN UHIHUHQFHïô 7$26 LV LQKLELWHG GXULQJ 5HPRWH /RRSEDFNï &RQQHFWLQJ WKLV SLQ WR 0LGUDQJH HQDEOHV 4566 SDWWHUQ JHQHUDWLRQ DQG GHWHFWLRQï 6HH )LJXUH èñ ìíñ DQG ììï ìï 7KHVH SLQV GR QRW FKDQJH IXQFWLRQ DV WKH RSHUDWLQJ PRGH FKDQJHVï 7DEOHV é WKURXJK ç GR QRW GHVFULEH WKHVH SLQVï ëï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHVã ', 'LJLWDO ,QSXWâ '2 'LJLWDO 2XWSXWâ ',î2 'LJLWDO ,QSXWî2XWSXWâ $, $QDORJ ,QSXWâ $2 êï 0LGUDQJH LV D YROWDJH OHYHO VXFK WKDW ëïê 9 ≤ 0LGUDQJH ≤ ëïæ 9 RU WKH SLQ PD\ IORDWï éï 3LQV ìñ çñ åñ ììñ ìëñ ìéñ ìæñ ëëñ ëêñ ëçñ ëåñ êíñ êêñ êéñ éíñ DQG éé DUH QRW FRQQHFWHG õQîFôï $QDORJ 2XWSXWï 7DEOH éã /;7êçí +DUGZDUH &RQWUROOHG 8QLSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO $VVLJQPHQWV 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3 3/&& 6\PERO ,î2ì 'HVFULSWLRQ ê éë 7'$7$ ', 7UDQVPLW 'DWDï 8QLSRODU LQSXW IRU GDWD WR EH WUDQVPLWWHG RQWR WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQHï é éê ,16%39 ', ,QVHUW %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQï 7KLV SLQ LV VDPSOHG RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 7&/. WR FRQWURO %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQ ,QVHUWLRQV LQ WKH WUDQVPLW GDWD VWUHDPï $ /RZðWRð+LJK WUDQVLWLRQ LV UHTXLUHG WR LQVHUW VXEVHTXHQW %39Vï ç ê %39 '2 %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQï %39 JRHV +LJK WR UHSRUW UHFHLSW RI D ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ IURP WKH OLQHï 7KLV LV DQ 15= RXWSXWñ YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï æ é 5'$7$ '2 5HFHLYH 'DWDï 5'$7$ LV D XQLSRODU 15= RXWSXW RI GDWD UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH OLQH LQWHUIDFHï ,Q +DUGZDUH 0RGH 5'$7$ LV VWDEOH DQG YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï ìï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHVã ', êðçë 'LJLWDO ,QSXWâ '2 'LJLWDO 2XWSXWâ ',î2 'LJLWDO ,QSXWî2XWSXWâ $, $QDORJ ,QSXWâ $2 $QDORJ 2XWSXWï L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH èã /;7êçí +DUGZDUH &RQWUROOHG 4566 8QLSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO $VVLJQPHQWV 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3 3/&& ê éë 6\PERO ,î2ì 'HVFULSWLRQ ,16/(5 ', ,QVHUW /RJLF (UURUï :KHQ WKLV SLQ JRHV IURP /RZ WR +LJKñ WKH WUDQVFHLYHU LQVHUWV D ORJLF HUURU LQWR WKH WUDQVPLWWHG 4566 GDWD SDWWHUQï 7KH HUURU IROORZV WKH GDWD IORZ LQ ZKDWHYHU ORRSEDFN PRGH LV LQ HIIHFWï 7KH /;7êçí VDPSOHV WKLV SLQ RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 7&/. õRU 0&/.ñ LI 7&/. LV QRW SUHVHQWôï é éê ,16%39 ', ,QVHUW %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQï :KHQ WKLV SLQ JRHV IURP /RZ WR +LJKñ WKH WUDQVFHLYHU LQVHUWV D ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ HUURU LQWR WKH WUDQVPLWWHG 4566 GDWD SDWWHUQï $ VXEVHð TXHQW LQVHUWLRQ UHTXLUHV DQRWKHU /RZ WR +LJK WUDQVLWLRQï 7KH /;7êçí VDPSOHV WKLV SLQ RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 7&/. õRU 0&/.ñ LI 7&/. LV QRW SUHVHQWôï ç ê %39ê '2 %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQï %39 JRHV +LJK WR UHSRUW UHFHLSW RI D ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ IURP WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQHï 7KLV LV DQ 15= RXWSXWñ YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï æ é 5'$7$ê $2 5HFHLYHG 'DWDï 5'$7$ LV D XQLSRODU 15= RXWSXW RI GDWD UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH OLQH LQWHUIDFHï ,Q KDUGZDUH 0RGHñ 5'$7$ LV VWDEOH DQG YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï ìë ìê /26î 43' '2 /RVV RI 6LJQDOî4566 3DWWHUQ 'HWHFWï 7KLV SLQ DFWV DV D 43' LQGLFDWRU DV ZHOO DV /26 LQGLFDWRUï 7KH 4566 3DWWHUQ V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ FULWHULRQ LV IHZHU WKDQ IRXU HUURUV LQ ìëå ELWVï ,Q WKLV PRGHñ DV ORQJ DV WKH WUDQVFHLYHU GRHV QRW GHWHFW D 4566 SDWWHUQ 43' VWD\V +LJKï $V VRRQ DV WKH GHYLFH GRHV GHWHFW D 4566 SDWWHUQñ WKH SLQ JRHV /RZâ DQ\ ELW HUURUV FDXVH 43' WR JR +LJK IRU KDOI D FORFN F\FOHï 7KLV RXWSXW FDQ WULJJHU DQ H[WHUQDO HUURU FRXQWHUï $Q /26 FRQGLWLRQ ZLOO DOVR PDNH WKLV SLQ JR +LJKï 6HH )LJXUH ììï ëå êå 4566 ', 4566ï 6HWWLQJ WKLV SLQ WR 0LGUDQJHëñ HQDEOHV 4566 SDWWHUQ JHQHUDWLRQ DQG GHWHFð WLRQï 7KH WUDQVFHLYHU WUDQVPLWV WKH 4566 SDWWHUQ DW WKH 7&/. UDWH õRU 0&/.ñ LI 7&/. LV QRW SUHVHQWôï ìï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHVã ', 'LJLWDO ,QSXWâ '2 'LJLWDO 2XWSXWâ ',î2 'LJLWDO ,QSXWî2XWSXWâ $, $QDORJ ,QSXWâ $2 $QDORJ 2XWSXWï ëï 0LGUDQJH LV D YROWDJH OHYHO VXFK WKDW ëïê 9 ≤ 0LGUDQJH ≤ ëïæ 9 RU WKH SLQ PD\ IORDWï êï ,Q 4566 %LSRODU 0RGHñ SLQV ç DQG æ IRU 1(î3( SFNJï RU ê DQG é IRU 4( SFNJï DFW DV 51(* DQG 5326ñ UHVSHFWLYHO\ï 6\PERO ,î2ê 'HVFULSWLRQ ê é è æ å ä ìì è ë 02'( ', 0RGHï &RQQHFWLQJ 02'( +LJK SXWV WKH /;7êçí LQ +RVW 0RGHï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ WKH VHULDO LQWHUIDFH FRQWUROV WKH /;7êçí DQG GLVSOD\V LWV VWDWHVï ç æ ê é 51(* 5326 '2 5HFHLYHG 'DWD¤1HJDWLYH DQG 3RVLWLYHï ,Q WKH %LSRODU ,î2 0RGHñ WKHVH SLQV DUH WKH QHJDWLYH DQG SRVLWLYH VLGHV RI D ELSRODU RXWSXW SDLUï 7KH WUDQVFHLYHU RXWSXWV WKH GDWD UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH OLQH LQWHUIDFH RQ WKHVH SLQVï $ VLJQDO RQ 51(* FRUUHð VSRQGV WR UHFHLSW RI D QHJDWLYH SXOVH RQ 57,3î55,1*ï $ VLJQDO RQ 5326 FRUUHð VSRQGV WR UHFHLSW RI D SRVLWLYH VLJQDO RQ 57,3î55,1*ï 51(*î5326 RXWSXWV DUH 1RQð5HWXUQðWRð=HUR õ15=ôï &/.( GHWHUPLQH WKH FORFN HGJH DW ZKLFK WKHVH RXWSXWV DUH VWDEOH DQG YDOLGï 6HH )LJXUH ìäï ìï )RU SLQV QRW GHVFULEHG LQ WKLV WDEOHñ VHH 7DEOH êï 3LQ RXW IRU GDWD SLQV LQ 8QLSRODU DQG 4566 0RGHV UHPDLQV WKH VDPH DV LQ 7DEOHV é DQG èï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ WKH FRQWURO SLQV õëêðëåô FKDQJH DV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH çï ëï ,Q 4566 %LSRODU 0RGHñ SLQV ç DQG æ VHYHQ DFW DV 51(* DQG 5326ñ UHVSHFWLYHO\ï êï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHVã ', 'LJLWDO ,QSXWâ '2 'LJLWDO 2XWSXWâ ',î2 'LJLWDO ,QSXWî2XWSXWâ $, $QDORJ ,QSXWâ $2 $QDORJ 2XWSXWï éï 3LQV ìñ çñ åñ ììñ ìëñ ìéñ ìæñ ëëñ ëêñ ëçñ ëåñ êíñ êêñ êéñ éíñ DQG éé DUH QRW FRQQHFWHG õQîFôï L1 ë ìí 7DEOH çã /;7êçí +RVW &RQWUROOHG %LSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO $VVLJQPHQWV ìñë 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3é 3/&& ì êðçê ìë ìê ìé ìè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH çã /;7êçí +RVW &RQWUROOHG %LSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO $VVLJQPHQWV¤ FRQWLQXHGìñë 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3é 3/&& 6\PERO ,î2ê 'HVFULSWLRQ ä æ 7567( ', 7ULVWDWHï &RQQHFWLQJ 7567( +LJK IRUFHV DOO RXWSXW SLQV WR KLJKðLPSHGDQFH VWDWHï &RQQHFW WKLV SLQ /RZ IRU QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQï ìí ¤ QîF ¤ 1RW FRQQHFWHGï ìì ìí QîF ¤ &RQQHFW /RZï ìæ ëí QîF ¤ &RQQHFW /RZï ìå ëì 1/223 '2 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFNï 7KLV SLQ JRHV +LJK ZKHQ DQ ,QEDQG 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN KDV EHHQ DFWLYDWHGï ëê êì INT '2 ,QWHUUXSW õ$FWLYH /RZ¤0DVNDEOHôï INT JRHV /RZ WR IODJ WKH KRVW ZKHQ DQ\ RI WKH /26ñ 1/223ñ $,6ñ 4566ñ ')06 RU ')02 FKDQJHV VWDWH RU ZKHQ WKHUH LV DQ (ODVWLF 6WRUH RYHUIORZ RU XQGHUIORZï INT LV DQ RSHQ GUDLQ RXWSXW ZKLFK UHTXLUHV D FRQQHFWLRQ WR SRZHU VXSSO\ 9&& WKURXJK D UHVLVWRUï 5HVHW INT E\ ZULWLQJ D RQH WR WKH UHVSHFWLYH ELW LQ WKH ,QWHUUXSW &OHDU 5HJLVWHUï ëé êë 6', ', 6HULDO 'DWD ,QSXWï ,QSXW SRUW IRU WKH ìçðELW VHULDO DGGUHVVîFRPPDQG DQG GDWD ZRUGï /;7êçí VDPSOHV 6', RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï 6HH )LJXUHV ëí DQG ëìï ëè êè 6'2 '2 6HULDO 'DWD 2XWSXWï ,I &/.( LV +LJKñ 6'2 LV YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï ,I &/.( LV /RZñ 6'2 LV YDOLG RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï 7KLV SLQ JRHV WR D KLJKðLPSHGDQFH VWDWH ZKHQ WKH VHULDO SRUW LV EHLQJ ZULWWHQ WR RU ZKHQ CS LV +LJKï 6HH )LJXUH ëìï ëç êç CS ', &KLS 6HOHFW õ$FWLYH /RZôï 7KLV LQSXW LV XVHG WR DFFHVV WKH VHULDO LQWHUIDFHï )RU HDFK UHDG RU ZULWH RSHUDWLRQñ CS PXVW WUDQVLWLRQ IURP +LJK WR /RZñ DQG UHPDLQ /RZï ëæ êæ 6&/. ', 6HULDO &ORFNï 7KLV FORFN LV XVHG WR ZULWH GDWD WR RU UHDG GDWD IURP WKH VHULDO LQWHUð IDFH UHJLVWHUVï 7KH FORFN IUHTXHQF\ FDQ EH DQ\ UDWH XS WR ëïíéå 0+]ï ëå êå &/.( ', &ORFN (GJHï 6HWWLQJ &/.( +LJK FDXVHV 5326 DQG 51(* WR EH YDOLG RQ WKH IDOOð LQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ñ ZLWK 6'2 YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï 6HWWLQJ &/.( /RZ PDNHV 5326 DQG 51(* YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/. DQG 6'2 YDOLG RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï ìï )RU SLQV QRW GHVFULEHG LQ WKLV WDEOHñ VHH 7DEOH êï 3LQ RXW IRU GDWD SLQV LQ 8QLSRODU DQG 4566 0RGHV UHPDLQV WKH VDPH DV LQ 7DEOHV é DQG èï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ WKH FRQWURO SLQV õëêðëåô FKDQJH DV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH çï ëï ,Q 4566 %LSRODU 0RGHñ SLQV ç DQG æ VHYHQ DFW DV 51(* DQG 5326ñ UHVSHFWLYHO\ï êï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHVã ', 'LJLWDO ,QSXWâ '2 'LJLWDO 2XWSXWâ ',î2 'LJLWDO ,QSXWî2XWSXWâ $, $QDORJ ,QSXWâ $2 $QDORJ 2XWSXWï éï 3LQV ìñ çñ åñ ììñ ìëñ ìéñ ìæñ ëëñ ëêñ ëçñ ëåñ êíñ êêñ êéñ éíñ DQG éé DUH QRW FRQQHFWHG õQîFôï êðçé L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV )LJXUH ëã /;7êçì %LSRODU 0RGH 3LQ $VVLJQPHQWV ì ë ê /;7êçì3( é è QîF $'ë $'é $'ê $'è 0&/. 7&/. QîF 7326 71(* QîF /;7êçì1( éé éê éë éì éí êä êå êæ êç êè êé QîF ì êê QîF $/(î$6 ë êë $'ì 51(* ê êì $'í 5326 é êí QîF 5&/. è ëä *1' QîF ç ëå QîF 9&& /;7êçì4( 5'î'6 æ ëæ QîF å ëç QîF $'ç ä ëè 55,1* $'æ ìí ëé 57,3 QîF ìì ëê QîF æ å ä ìí ìì QîF ,17 &6 75,1* QîF 79&& 7*1' 77,3 QîF QîF :5î5î: ìë ìê ìé ìè ìç ìæ ìå ìä ëí ëì ëë ìë 7DEOH æã /;7êçì &ORFN DQG 'DWD 3LQ $VVLJQPHQWV E\ 0RGHì 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3 3/&& ([WHUQDO 'DWD 0RGHV %LSRODU 0RGH 4566 0RGHV 8QLSRODU 0RGH %LSRODU 0RGH 8QLSRODU 0RGH ì êä 0&/. ë éì 7&/. ê éë 7326 7'$7$ ,16/(5 é éê 71(* ,16%39 ,16%39 ìé ìï 'DWD SLQV FKDQJH EDVHG RQ ZKHWKHU H[WHUQDO GDWD RU LQWHUQDO 4566 PRGH LV DFWLYHï 7KHVH SLQV UHPDLQ WKH VDPH LQ ERWK +DUGZDUH DQG +RVW 0RGHVï L1 ìê êðçè ìè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH æã /;7êçì &ORFN DQG 'DWD 3LQ $VVLJQPHQWV E\ 0RGHì 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3 3/&& ([WHUQDO 'DWD 0RGHV 4566 0RGHV %LSRODU 0RGH 8QLSRODU 0RGH %LSRODU 0RGH 8QLSRODU 0RGH ç ê 51(* %39 51(* %39 æ é 5326 5'$7$ 5326 5'$7$ å è 5&/. ìê ìè 77,3 ìé ìç 7*1' ìè ìå 79&& ìç ìä 75,1* ìä ëé 57,3 ëí ëè 55,1* ëì ëæ 9&& ëë ëä *1' ìï 'DWD SLQV FKDQJH EDVHG RQ ZKHWKHU H[WHUQDO GDWD RU LQWHUQDO 4566 PRGH LV DFWLYHï 7KHVH SLQV UHPDLQ WKH VDPH LQ ERWK +DUGZDUH DQG +RVW 0RGHVï 7DEOH åã /;7êçì 3URFHVVRU ,QWHUIDFH 3LQV 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3 3/&& $GGUHVVî'DWD %XV 7\SH ,QWHO 0RWRUROD 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3 3/&& $GGUHVVî'DWD %XV 7\SH ,QWHO 0RWRUROD è ë $/( AS ëè êè $'ë ä æ RD DS ëç êç $'ê ìë ìê WR R/W ëæ êæ $'é ìæ ëí CS ëå êå $'è ìå ëì INT ìí ä $'ç ëê êì $'í ìì ìí $'æ ëé êë $'ì ðð ðð ðð êðçç L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH äã /;7êçì %LSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO $VVLJQPHQWV 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3ë 3/&& 6\PERO ,î2ì 'HVFULSWLRQ ì ì êä 0&/. ', 0DVWHU &ORFNï &RQQHFW WR ìïèéé 0+] IRU 7ì RSHUDWLRQâ WR ëïíéå 0+] IRU (ìï 0&/. UHTXLUHV DQ H[WHUQDOñ LQGHSHQGHQW LQSXW WR JHQHUDWH LQWHUQDO FORFNVï 5HTXLUHG DFFXUDF\ LV ‘ êë SSP ZLWK D W\SLFDO GXW\ F\FOH RI èíøï 8SRQ /RVV RI 6LJQDO õ/26ôñ WKH WUDQVFHLYHU GHULYHV 5&/. IURP 0&/.ï ë éì 7&/. ', 7UDQVPLW &ORFNï ìïèéé 0+] RU ëïíéå 0+] ELW UDWH FORFN LQSXWï 7KH WUDQVFHLYHU VDPSOHV 7326 DQG 71(* RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 7&/. ê é éë éê 7326 71(* ', 7UDQVPLW 'DWD ¤ 3RVLWLYH DQG 1HJDWLYHï ,Q WKH %LSRODU ,î2 0RGHñ WKHVH SLQV DUH WKH SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH VLGHV RI D ELSRODU LQSXW SDLUï 'DWD IRU WUDQVPLVVLRQ RQWR WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQH LV LQSXW DW WKHVH SLQVï è ë ALE AS ', $GGUHVV /DWFK (QDEOHî$GGUHVV 6WUREH õ$FWLYH /RZôï &RQQHFWV WR ,QWHO õ$/(ô RU 0RWRUROD õASô VLJQDOï 2Q 0RWRUROD EXVñ WKLV VLJQDO LV $FWLYH /RZï /HDYLQJ WKLV SLQ IORDWLQJ IRUFHV DOO RXWSXW SLQV LQWR D KLJK LPSHGDQFH VWDWHï ç æ ê é 51(* 5326 '2 5HFHLYH 'DWD ¤ 1HJDWLYH DQG 3RVLWLYHï ,Q WKH %LSRODU ,î2 PRGHñ WKHVH SLQV DUH WKH SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH VLGHV RI D ELSRODU RXWSXW SDLUï 'DWD UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH OLQH LQWHUIDFH LV RXWSXW RQ WKHVH SLQVï $ VLJQDO RQ 51(* FRUUHVSRQGV WR UHFHLSW RI D QHJDWLYH SXOVH RQ 57,3î55,1*ï $ VLJQDO RQ 5326 FRUUHVSRQGV WR UHFHLSW RI D SRVLWLYH SXOVH RQ 57,3î55,1*ï 51(*î5326 RXWSXWV DUH 1RQð5HWXUQðWR =HURï %RWK RXWSXWV DUH VWDEOH DQG YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï 5HIHU WR 7DEOH ìí IRU 8QLSRODU 0RGH IXQFWLRQ GHVFULSWLRQVï å è 5&/. '2 5HFRYHUHG &ORFNï 7KH RXWSXW RQ WKLV SLQ LV WKH FORFN UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH OLQH LQSXW VLJQDOï 8QGHU /26 FRQGLWLRQV WKHUH LV D VPRRWK WUDQVLWLRQ IURP 5&/. WR 0&/. RXWSXWï ä æ RD DS ', 5HDG õ$FWLYH /RZôî'DWD 6WUREH õ$FWLYH /RZôï 2Q DQ ,QWHO EXVñ WKLV VLJQDOñ 5HDGñ JRHV /RZ WR FRPPDQG D UHDG RSHUDWLRQï 2Q D 0RWRUROD EXVñ WKLV VLJQDOñ 'DWD 6WUREHñ JRHV /RZ ZKHQ GDWD LV EHLQJ GULYHQ RQ WKH DGGUHVVîGDWD EXVï 'DWD LV YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI DSï ìí ìì ä ìí $'ç $'æ ',î 2 ',î 2 $GGUHVVî'DWD EXV OLQHV ç DQG æï 8VHG ZLWK SLQV ëéðëå DV WKH DGGUHVVîGDWD EXVï ìë ìê WR R/W ', :ULWH õ$FWLYH /RZô RU :ULWHî5HDGï 2Q DQ ,QWHO EXVñ GULYLQJ WKLV VLJQDOñ :ULWHñ /RZ HQDEOHV D ZULWH RSHUDWLRQ RQ WKH $GGUHVVî'DWD EXVï 2Q D 0RWRUROD EXVñ GULYLQJ WKLV VLJQDOñ 5HDGî:ULWHñ +LJK FRPPDQGV D UHDG RSHUDð WLRQñ GULYLQJ LW /RZ FRPPDQGV D ZULWH RSHUDWLRQï ìê ìç ìè ìä 77,3 75,1* $2 7UDQVPLW 7LS DQG 5LQJï 'LIIHUHQWLDO 'ULYHU 2XWSXWVï 7KH GHVLJQ ORDG IRU WKHVH RXWSXWV LV èí ð ëíí Ωï 6HOHFW WKH WUDQVIRUPHU DQG OLQH PDWFKLQJ UHVLVWRUV WR JLYH WKH GHVLUHG SXOVH KHLJKWï ê é è æ å ä ìí ìì ìë ìï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHVã ', 'LJLWDO ,QSXWâ '2 'LJLWDO 2XWSXWâ ',î2 'LJLWDO ,QSXWî2XWSXWâ $, ëï 3LQV ìñ çñ åñ ììñ ìëñ ìéñ ìæñ ëëñ ëêñ ëçñ ëåñ êíñ êêñ êéñ éíñ DQG éé DUH QRW FRQQHFWHG õQîFôï L1 ë $QDORJ ,QSXWâ $2 $QDORJ 2XWSXWï êðçæ ìê ìé ìè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH äã /;7êçì %LSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO $VVLJQPHQWV ¤ FRQWLQXHG 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3ë 3/&& 6\PERO ,î2ì 'HVFULSWLRQ ìé ìç 7*1' ¤ *URXQG UHWXUQ IRU WKH WUDQVPLW GULYHUV SRZHU VXSSO\ 79&&ï ìè ìå 79&& ¤ òè 9'& 3RZHU 6XSSO\ LQSXW IRU WKH WUDQVPLW GULYHUVï 79&& PXVW QRW YDU\ IURP 9&& E\ PRUH WKDQ ‘ íïê 9ï ìæ ëí CS ', &KLS 6HOHFW õ$FWLYH /RZôï )RU HDFK UHDG RU ZULWH RQ WKH $GGUHVVî'DWD EXVñ WKLV SLQ PXVW JR /RZ GXULQJ WKH RSHUDWLRQï 6HH )LJXUHV ëë DQG ëê IRU WLPLQJ UHTXLUHð PHQWVï ,Q WKH FDVH RI D VLQJOH SURFHVVRU FRQWUROOLQJ VHYHUDO FKLSVñ WKLV LV WKH OLQH LW XVHV WR FRPPDQG D VSHFLILF WUDQVFHLYHUï ìå ëì INT '2 ,QWHUUXSW õ$FWLYH /RZôï 7KLV SLQ JRHV /RZ WR VLJQDO DQ LQWHUUXSW RQ WKH FKLSï 7R LGHQWLI\ WKH VSHFLILF LQWHUUXSWñ UHDG WKH 3HUIRUPDQFH 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHUï 7R FOHDU RU PDVN DQ LQWHUUXSWñ ZULWH D RQH WR WKH DSSURSULDWH ELW LQ WKH &OHDU ,QWHUUXSW 5HJLVWHUï ìä ëí ëé ëè 57,3 55,1* $, 5HFHLYH 7LS DQG 5LQJï 7KH $0, VLJQDO UHFHLYHG IURP WKH OLQH LV DSSOLHG DW WKHVH SLQVï $ ìãì WUDQVIRUPHU LV UHTXLUHGï 'DWD DQG FORFN IURP WKH VLJQDO DSSOLHG DW WKHVH SLQV DUH UHFRYHUHG DQG RXWSXW RQ WKH 5326î51(*ñ DQG 5&/. SLQVï ëì ëæ 9&& ¤ òè 9'& 3RZHU 6XSSO\ IRU DOO FLUFXLWV H[FHSW WKH WUDQVPLW GULYHUVï õ7UDQVPLW GULYHUV DUH VXSSOLHG E\ 79&&ïô ëë ëä *1' ¤ *URXQG UHWXUQ IRU SRZHU VXSSO\ 9&&ï ëê ëé ëè ëç ëæ ëå êì êë êè êç êæ êå $'í $'ì $'ë $'ê $'é $'è ',î 2 $GGUHVVî'DWD /LQHV íðèï õ$OVR SLQV ìíñ ìì¤$'ç DQG æô &RQIRUP WR ,QWHO DQG 0RWRUROD $GGUHVVî'DWD EXV VSHFLILFDWLRQVï ìï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHVã ', 'LJLWDO ,QSXWâ '2 'LJLWDO 2XWSXWâ ',î2 'LJLWDO ,QSXWî2XWSXWâ $, ëï 3LQV ìñ çñ åñ ììñ ìëñ ìéñ ìæñ ëëñ ëêñ ëçñ ëåñ êíñ êêñ êéñ éíñ DQG éé DUH QRW FRQQHFWHG õQîFôï $QDORJ ,QSXWâ $2 $QDORJ 2XWSXWï 7DEOH ìíã /;7êçì 8QLSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO $VVLJQPHQWVì 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3 3/&& 6\PERO ,î2ë 'HVFULSWLRQ ê éë 7'$7$ ', 7UDQVPLW 'DWDï 8QLSRODU GDWD IRU WUDQVPLVVLRQ RQWR WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQHï é éê ,16%39 ', ,QVHUW %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQï &RQWUROV ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ LQVHUWLRQVñ UHTXLUHV /RZðWRð +LJK WUDQVLWLRQ WR LQVHUW HDFK YLRODWLRQñ WKH /;7êçì VDPSOHV WKH VLJQDO RQ WKH IDOOð LQJ HGJH RI 7&/.ï ç ê %39 '2 %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQï %39 JRHV +LJK RQ UHFHLSW RI D ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ IURP WZLVWHGð SDLU OLQHï 7KLV LV DQ 15= RXWSXWñ YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï æ é 5'$7$ '2 5HFHLYHG 'DWDï 5'$7$ LV DQ 15= RXWSXW RI WKH GDWD UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH OLQH LQWHUð IDFHï 5'$7$ LV YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï ìï )RU WKH GHVFULSWLRQV RI SLQV QRW LGHQWLILHG LQ WKLV WDEOHñ VHH 7DEOH äã /;7êçì %LSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO $VVLJQPHQWVï ëï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHV ', GLJLWDO LQSXWâ '2 GLJLWDO RXWSXWñ ',î2 GLJLWDO LQSXW DQG RXWSXWâ $, DQDORJ LQSXW ñ $2 êðçå DQDORJ RXWSXWï L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH ììã /;7êçì 4566 8QLSRODU 0RGH 6LJQDO $VVLJQPHQWVìñë 3LQ ú 3LQ ú ',3î 4)3 3/&& 6\PERO ,î2ê 'HVFULSWLRQ ì ê éë ,16/(5 ', ,QVHUW /RJLF (UURUï :KHQ WKLV SLQ JRHV IURP /RZ WR +LJKñ WKH WUDQVFHLYHU LQVHUWV D ORJLF HUURU LQWR WKH WUDQVPLWWHG 4566 GDWD SDWWHUQï 7KH HUURU IROORZV WKH GDWD IORZ LQ ZKDWHYHU ORRSEDFN PRGH LV LQ HIIHFWï 7KH /;7êçì VDPSOHV WKLV SLQ RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 7&/. õRU 0&/.ñ LI 7&/. LV QRW SUHVHQWôï é éê ,16%39 ', ,QVHUW %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQï :KHQ WKLV SLQ JRHV IURP /RZ WR +LJKñ WKH WUDQVð FHLYHU LQVHUWV D ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ HUURU LQWR WKH WUDQVPLWWHG 4566 GDWD SDWWHUQï $ VXEVHTXHQW LQVHUWLRQ UHTXLUHV DQRWKHU /RZ WR +LJK WUDQVLWLRQï 7KH /;7êçì VDPSOHV WKLV SLQ RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 7&/. õRU 0&/.ñ LI 7&/. LV QRW SUHVHQWôï ë ê é è ç ê %39 '2 %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQï %39 JRHV +LJK RQ UHFHLSW RI D ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ IURP WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQHï 7KLV LV DQ 15= RXWSXWñ YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 6&/.ï æ é 5'$7$ '2 5HFHLYHG 'DWDï 5'$7$ LV DQ 15= RXWSXW RI WKH GDWD UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH OLQH LQWHUIDFHï 5'$7$ LV YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï ìï )RU WKH GHVFULSWLRQV RI SLQV QRW LGHQWLILHG LQ WKLV WDEOHñ VHH 7DEOH äï ëï ,Q 4566 %LSRODU 0RGHñ SLQV ç DQG æ IRU 1(î3( SFNJï RU ê DQG é IRU 4( SFNJï DFW DV 51(* DQG 5326ñ UHVSHFWLYHO\ï êï ,î2 FROXPQ HQWULHV ', GLJLWDO LQSXWâ '2 GLJLWDO RXWSXWñ ',î2 GLJLWDO LQSXW DQG RXWSXWâ $, DQDORJ LQSXWñ $2 DQDORJ RXWSXWï æ )LJXUH êã /;7êçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì 7UDQVFHLYHU %ORFN 'LDJUDP å ä ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè L1 êðçä /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV )81&7,21$/ '(6&5,37,21 7KH /;7êçí DQG /;7êçì DUH IXOO\ LQWHJUDWHGñ 3&0 WUDQVð FHLYHUV IRU ORQJð RU VKRUWðKDXOñ ìïèéé 0ESV õ7ìô RU ëïíéå 0ESV õ(ìô DSSOLFDWLRQV DOORZLQJ IXOOðGXSOH[ WUDQVPLVVLRQ RI GLJLWDO GDWD RYHU H[LVWLQJ WZLVWHGðSDLU LQVWDOODWLRQVï 7KH\ LQWHUIDFH ZLWK WZR WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQHV õRQH SDLU HDFK IRU WUDQVPLW DQG UHFHLYHô WKURXJK VWDQGDUG SXOVH WUDQVIRUPð HUV DQG DSSURSULDWH UHVLVWRUVï 7KH ILJXUH DW WKH IURQW RI WKLV 'DWD 6KHHW VKRZV D EORFN GLDð JUDP RI WKH /;7êçíï &RQWURO RI WKLV FKLS LV YLD HLWKHU D VHULDO PLFURSURFHVVRU SRUW RUñ LQ +DUGZDUH 0RGHñ YLD LQGLð YLGXDO SLQ VHWWLQJVï )LJXUH ê LV D EORFN GLDJUDP RI WKH /;7êçìï 7KH /;7êçì KDV D SDUDOOHO SRUW IRU PLFURSURFHVð VRU FRQWUROï %RWK WUDQVFHLYHUV SURYLGH D KLJKðSUHFLVLRQñ FU\VWDOðOHVV MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRUï 7KH XVHU PD\ SODFH LW LQ WKH WUDQVPLW RU UHFHLYH SDWKñ RU E\SDVV LW FRPSOHWHO\ï 7KH WUDQVFHLYHUV PHHW RU H[FHHG )&& DQG $7÷7 VSHFLILð FDWLRQV IRU &68 DQG '6;ðì DSSOLFDWLRQVñ DV ZHOO DV $16, 7ìî(ìñ DQG ,78 DQG (76, UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU (ì ,6'1 35, DSSOLFDWLRQVï ,1,7,$/,=$7,21 'XULQJ SRZHU XSñ WKH WUDQVFHLYHU UHPDLQV VWDWLF XQWLO WKH SRZHU VXSSO\ UHDFKHV DSSUR[LPDWHO\ ê 9ï 2Q FURVVLQJ WKLV WKUHVKROGñ WKH GHYLFH EHJLQV D êë PV UHVHW F\FOH WR FDOLEUDWH WKH 3KDVH /RFN /RRSV õ3//ôï 7KH WUDQVFHLYHU XVHV D UHIHUð HQFH FORFN WR FDOLEUDWH WKH 3//â WKH WUDQVPLWWHU UHIHUHQFH LV 7&/.ñ DQG WKH UHFHLYHU UHIHUHQFH FORFN LV 0&/.ï 0&/. LV PDQGDWRU\ IRU FKLS RSHUDWLRQï 5HVHW 2SHUDWLRQ 5HVHW FOHDUV DQG VHWV DOO UHJLVWHUV WR í DQG UHVHWV WKH VWDWXV DQG VWDWH PDFKLQHV IRU WKH /26ñ $,6ñ 1/223ñ DQG 4566 EORFNVï ,Q +DUGZDUH 0RGHñ KROGLQJ SLQV 5/223ñ //223 DQG 7$26 +LJK IRU DW OHDVW RQH FORFN F\FOH UHVHWV WKH GHYLFHï :ULWLQJ D ì WR WKH ELW &5ëï5(6(7 FRPPDQGV UHVHW LQ +RVW 0RGHï $OORZ êë PV IRU WKH GHYLFH WR VHWWOH DIWHU UHPRYLQJ DOO UHVHW FRQGLWLRQVï ,QSXW GDWD PD\ SDVV WKURXJK HLWKHU WKH -LWWHU $WWHQXDWRU RU %å=6î+'%ê HQFRGHU RU ERWKï %LW &5ìï(1&(1% ì HQDEOHV %å=6î+'%ê HQFRGLQJ LQ +RVW 0RGHï ,Q +DUGð ZDUH 0RGHñ FRQQHFWLQJ WKH 02'( SLQ WR 0LGUDQJH VHOHFWV ]HUR VXSSUHVVLRQ FRGLQJï :LWK ]HUR VXSSUHVVLRQ HQDEOHGñ WKH (&[ LQSXWV õVHH 7DEOH ìëô GHWHUPLQH WKH FRGLQJ VFKHPH õ%å=6 IRU 7ì RU +'%ê IRU (ì PRGHôï 7R VHOHFW WKH +'%ê VFKHPHñ VHW (&éðì WR ìíííñ ìííì RU ìíìíï 2WKHU (&[ VHWð WLQJV VHOHFW WKH %å=6 RSWLRQï 7KH WUDQVPLW FORFN õ7&/.ô VXSSOLHV LQSXW V\QFKURQL]DWLRQï 7KH 7HVW 6SHFLILFDWLRQV VHFWLRQ GHILQHV WKH WUDQVPLW WLPLQJ UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU 7&/. DQG WKH 0DVWHU &ORFN õ0&/.ôï 6KRUW &LUFXLW /LPLW 7KH WUDQVPLWWHU LQFOXGHV D VKRUW FLUFXLW OLPLWHUï 7KLV OLPLWV WKH FXUUHQW VRXUFHG LQWR D ORZ LPSHGDQFH ORDGï ,W DXWRPDWð LFDOO\ UHVHWV ZKHQ WKH ORDG FXUUHQW GURSV EHORZ WKH OLPLWï 7KH FXUUHQW LV GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH LQWHUIDFH FLUFXLWU\ õWRWDO UHVLVWDQFH RQ WUDQVPLW VLGHôï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ WKH 3HUIRUPDQFH 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU IODJV RSHQ FLUFXLWV LQ ELW 365ï')02ï $ WUDQVLWLRQ RQ ')02 ZLOO SURYLGH DQ LQWHUUXSW DQG WKH WUDQVLWLRQ VHWV ELW 765ï')02 ìï :ULWLQJ D ì LQ ELW ,&5ï&')02 FOHDUV WKH LQWHUUXSWâ OHDYLQJ D ì LQ WKH ELW PDVNV WKDW LQWHUUXSWï 2XWSXW 'ULYHUV 7KH WUDQVFHLYHUV WUDQVPLW GDWD DV D èíø OLQH FRGH DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH éï $FWLYDWLQJ WKH OLQH GULYHU RQO\ GXULQJ D PDUN UHGXFHV SRZHU FRQVXPSWLRQï 7KH RXWSXW GULYHU LV GLVDEOHG GXULQJ WUDQVPLVVLRQ RI D VSDFHï %LDVLQJ RI WKH WUDQVPLW '& OHYHO LV RQðFKLSï )LJXUH éã èíø 'XW\ &\FOH &RGLQJ 'LDJUDP 77,3 75,1* %,7 &(// ì í ì 75$160,77(5 'LJLWDO 'DWD ,QWHUIDFH ,QSXW GDWD IRU WUDQVPLVVLRQ RQWR WKH OLQH LV FORFNHG VHULDOO\ LQWR WKH GHYLFH DW WKH 7&/. UDWHï 7326 DQG 71(* DUH WKH ELSRODU GDWD LQSXWVï 7'$7$ DFFHSWV XQLSRODU GDWDï õ6HWð WLQJ WKH 7567( SLQ WR 0LGUDQJH HQDEOHV +DUGZDUH 8QLSRð ODU 0RGHïô êðæí L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV ,GOH 0RGH 7UDQVPLW ,GOH 0RGH LV D QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQDO PRGH õDV RSSRVHG WR PRGHVô ZKLFK DOORZV PXOWLSOH WUDQVFHLYHUV WR EH FRQQHFWHG WR D VLQJOH OLQH IRU UHGXQGDQW DSSOLFDWLRQVï 77,3 DQG 75,1* UHPDLQ LQ D KLJK LPSHGDQFH VWDWH ZKHQ 7&/. LV QRW SUHVHQWï 5HPRWH RU 'XDO /RRSEDFNñ 7$26 RU DQ\ LQWHUQDO WUDQVPLW SDWWHUQV WHPSRUDULO\ GLVDEOH WKH KLJK LPSHGDQFH VWDWH DV ZLOO GHWHFWLRQ RI 1HWZRUN /RRS 8S FRGH LQ WKH UHFHLYH GLUHFWLRQï WKH UHFHLYHG VLJQDOï 7KH GDWD VOLFHUV DUH VHW DW èíø RI WKH SHDN YDOXH WR HQVXUH RSWLPXP VLJQDOðWRðQRLVH SHUIRUPDQFHï $IWHU SURFHVVLQJ WKURXJK WKH GDWD VOLFHUVñ WKH UHFHLYHG VLJð QDO JRHV WR WKH GDWD DQG WLPLQJ UHFRYHU\ VHFWLRQñ WKHQ WR WKH %å=6î+'%ê GHFRGHU õLI VHOHFWHGô DQG WR WKH UHFHLYH PRQð LWRUï 7KH GDWD DQG WLPLQJ UHFRYHU\ FLUFXLWV SURYLGH LQSXW MLWWHU WROHUDQFH VLJQLILFDQWO\ EHWWHU WKDQ UHTXLUHG E\ $7÷7 3XE çëéìì DQG ,78 *ïåëêï 6HH WKH 7HVW 6SHFLILFDWLRQV VHFWLRQï 'LJLWDO 'DWD ,QWHUIDFH 7KH (TXDOL]HU &RQWURO LQSXWV õ(&éðìô GHWHUPLQH WKH WUDQVð PLWWHG SXOVH VKDSH DV LQ 7DEOH ìëï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ WKH ,î2 SRUW FRQWUROV WKH (&[ YDOXHVï )RU WKH /;7êçí LQ +DUGZDUH 0RGHñ IRXU LQGLYLGXDO SLQV SURYLGH WKH (&[ LQSXWVï ,Q HLWKHU +RVW RU +DUGZDUH &RQWURO 0RGH WKH UHFRYHUHG GDWD JRHV WR WKH /RVV RI 6LJQDO õ/26ô 0RQLWRUï ,Q +RVW &RQWURO 0RGHñ LW DOVR JRHV WKURXJK WKH $ODUP ,QGLFDWLRQ 6LJQDO õ$,6ñ %OXH $ODUPô 0RQLWRUï 7KH MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRU FLUFXLW PD\ EH HQDEOHG RU GLVDEOHG LQ WKH UHFHLYH GDWD SDWK RU WKH WUDQVPLW SDWKï 5HFHLYHG GDWD PD\ JR WKURXJK HLWKHU WKH %å=6 RU +'%ê GHFRGHU RU QHLWKHUï )LQDOO\ñ WKH GHYLFH PD\ VHQG WKH GLJLWDO GDWD WR WKH IUDPHU DV HLWKHU XQLSRODU RU ELSRODU GDWDï 5(&(,9(5 $ ìãì WUDQVIRUPHU SURYLGHV WKH LQWHUIDFH WR WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQHï 5HFRYHUHG GDWD LV RXWSXW DW 5326î51(* õ5'$7$ LQ 8QLSRODU 0RGHôñ DQG WKH UHFRYHUHG FORFN LV RXWSXW DW 5&/.ï 7KH 7HVW 6SHFLILFDWLRQV VHFWLRQ VKRZV UHFHLYHU WLPLQJï 5HFHLYHU (TXDOL]HU 7KH UHFHLYH HTXDOL]HU SURFHVVHV WKH VLJQDO UHFHLYHG DW 57,3 DQG 55,1*ï 7KH HTXDOL]HU JDLQ LV XS WR éê G% LQ (ì ORQJð KDXO DSSOLFDWLRQVï ,Q 7ì ORQJðKDXO DSSOLFDWLRQVñ WKH HTXDOð L]HU FRQWURO õ(&[ô LQSXW SLQV RU UHJLVWHU ELWV GHWHUPLQH WKH PD[LPXP JDLQ DSSOLHG DW WKH HTXDOL]HUï :LWK (&ì /RZñ XS WR êç G% RI JDLQ PD\ EH DSSOLHGï :KHQ (&ì LV +LJKñ ëç G% LV WKH JDLQ OLPLW WR SURYLGH DQ LQFUHDVHG QRLVH PDUJLQ LQ VKRUWHU ORRS RSHUDWLRQVï 7KH UHFHLYHU FDQ DFFXUDWHO\ UHFRYHU VLJQDOV ZLWK XS WR êç G% RI FDEOH DWWHQXDWLRQ õIURP ëïé 9ô IRU 7ì DQG XS WR éê G% RI FDEOH DWWHQXDWLRQ õIURP ëïæ 9ô IRU (ì RSHUDWLRQï 'DWD 5HFRYHU\ 7KH WUDQVFHLYHU ILOWHUV WKH HTXDOL]HG VLJQDO DQG DSSOLHV LW WR WKH SHDN GHWHFWRU DQG GDWD VOLFHUVï 7KH SHDN GHWHFWRU VDPSOHV WKH LQSXWV DQG GHWHUPLQHV WKH PD[LPXP YDOXH RI L1 ë ê 3XOVH 6KDSH 6KDSHG SXOVHV PHHWLQJ WKH YDULRXV 7ìñ '6ìñ '6;ðì DQG (ì VSHFLILFDWLRQV DUH DSSOLHG WR WKH $0, OLQH GULYHU IRU WUDQVð PLVVLRQ RQWR WKH OLQH DW 77,3 DQG 75,1*ï 7KH WUDQVFHLYHUV SURGXFH '6;ðì SXOVHV IRU VKRUWðKDXO 7ì DSSOLFDWLRQV õVHWð WLQJV IURP í G% WR òêïí G%ôñ '6ì SXOVHV IRU ORQJðKDXO 7ì DSSOLFDWLRQV õVHWWLQJV IURP í G% WR ðëëïè G%ôñ DQG D *ïæíê SXOVH IRU (ì DSSOLFDWLRQVï 5HIHU WR WKH 7HVW 6SHFLILFDWLRQV VHFWLRQ IRU SXOVH PDVN VSHFLILFDWLRQVï ì :KHQ WUDQVPLWWLQJ XQLSRODU GDWD WR WKH IUDPHUñ WKH GHYLFH UHSRUWV UHFHLYLQJ ELSRODU YLRODWLRQV E\ GULYLQJ WKH %39 SLQ +LJKï 'XULQJ (ì RSHUDWLRQ LQ +RVW &RQWURO 0RGHñ WKH GHYLFH FDQ UHSRUW +'%ê FRGH YLRODWLRQV DQG =HUR 6XEVWLWXð WLRQ 9LRODWLRQV RQ WKH %39 SLQï 7KH GLDJQRVWLFV VHFWLRQ H[SODLQV WKHVH RSWLRQV LQ PRUH GHWDLOï 5HFHLYHU 0RQLWRU 0RGH 7KH UHFHLYH HTXDOL]HU RI WKH /;7êçíîêçì FDQ EH XVHG LQ 0RQLWRU 0RGH DSSOLFDWLRQVï 0RQLWRU 0RGH DSSOLFDWLRQV DUH WKRVH UHTXLULQJ D UHVLVWLYH DWWHQXDWLRQ RI WKH VLJQDO LQ DGGLWLRQ WR D VPDOO DPRXQW RI FDEOH DWWHQXDWLRQ õOHVV WKDQ ç G%ôï 6HWWLQJ ELW &5êï(4=021 ì FRQILJXUHV WKH GHYLFH WR ZRUN LQ LWV 0RQLWRU 0RGHï 7KH GHYLFH PXVW EH LQ LWV ORQJðKDXO UHFHLYHU PRGH õVHW ELWV &5ìï(&[ í[[í RU ìííì RU ìíìíô IRU 0RQLWRU 0RGHï 7KLV IHDWXUH LV QRW DYDLOð DEOH LQ WKH /;7êçí +DUGZDUH 0RGHï :LWK WKH GHYLFH LQ 0RQLWRU 0RGHñ WKH UHFHLYH HTXDOL]HU KDQGOHV VLJQDOV DWWHQXDWHG UHVLVWLYHO\ E\ ëí WR êí G%ñ DORQJ ZLWK í WR ç G% RI FDEOH DWWHQXDWLRQ IRU ERWK (ì DQG 7ì DSSOLFDWLRQVï -,77(5 $77(18$7,21 $ -LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ /RRS õ-$/ô ZLWK DQ (ODVWLF 6WRUH õ(6ô SURYLGHV MLWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ DV VKRZQ LQ WKH 7HVW 6SHFLILFDð WLRQV VHFWLRQï 7KH -$/ UHTXLUHV QR VSHFLDO FLUFXLWU\ñ VXFK DV DQ H[WHUQDO TXDUW] FU\VWDO RU KLJKðIUHTXHQF\ FORFN õKLJKHU WKDQ WKH OLQH UDWHôï ,WV WLPLQJ UHIHUHQFH LV WKH PDVWHU FORFNñ 0&/.ï êðæì é è æ å ä ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV ,Q +DUGZDUH &RQWURO 0RGH WKH (6 LV D êë [ ëðELW UHJLVWHUï 6HWWLQJ WKH -$6(/ SLQ +LJK SODFHV WKH -$ FLUFXLWU\ LQ WKH UHFHLYHG GDWD SDWKâ VHWWLQJ -$6(/ /RZ SODFHV WKH -$ LQ WKH WUDQVPLW GDWD SDWKâ W\LQJ LW WR 0LGUDQJH GLVDEOHV WKH -$ï WHUHG FORFN IURP WKH -$/ï :KHQ WKH ),)2 LV ZLWKLQ WZR ELWV RI RYHUIORZLQJ RU XQGHUIORZLQJñ WKH (6 DGMXVWV WKH RXWð SXW FORFN E\ ìîå RI D ELW SHULRGï 7KH (6 SURGXFHV DQ DYHUDJH GHOD\ RI ìç ELWV õRU êë ELWVñ ZLWK WKH çéðELW (6 RSWLRQ VHOHFWHG LQ +RVW &RQWURO 0RGHô LQ WKH DVVRFLDWHG GDWD SDWKï :KHQ WKH -LWWHU $WWHQXDWRU LV LQ WKH UHFHLYH SDWKñ WKH RXWSXW 5&/. WUDQVLWLRQV VPRRWKO\ WR 0&/. LQ WKH HYHQW RI DQ /26 FRQGLWLRQï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ ELW &5ìï-$6(/í HQDEOHV RU GLVDEOHV WKH -$ FLUFXLWï :LWK ELW &5ìï-$6(/í ìñ ELW &5ìï-$6(/ì FRQð WUROV WKH -$ FLUFXLW SODFHPHQW õVHH 7DEOH ìæôï 7KH (6 FDQ EH HLWKHU D êë [ ëðELW RU çé [ ëðELW UHJLVWHU GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH YDOXH RI ELW &5êï(6çé õVHH 7DEOH ìäïô 7KH 7UDQVLWLRQ 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU ELWV 765ï(6295 DQG 765ï(681) LQGLFDWH DQ RYHUIORZ RU XQGHUIORZñ UHVSHFð WLYHO\ñ LQ WKH (6ï 7KHVH DUH VWLFN\ ELWVã RQFH VHW WR ìñ WKH\ UHPDLQ VHW XQWLO WKH KRVW UHDGV WKH UHJLVWHUï 7KH (6 FDQ DOVR SURYLGH D PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSW RQ HLWKHU RYHUIORZ RU XQGHUIORZï 7KH GHYLFH FORFNV GDWD LQWR WKH (6 XVLQJ HLWKHU 7&/. RU 5HFHLYHU 5HFRYHUHG &ORFN GHSHQGLQJ RQ ZKHWKHU WKH -$ FLUFXLWU\ LV LQ WKH WUDQVPLW RU UHFHLYH GDWD SDWKñ UHVSHFð WLYHO\ï 'DWD LV VKLIWHG RXW RI WKH HODVWLF VWRUH XVLQJ WKH GHMLWð 7DEOH ìëã (TXDOL]HU &RQWURO ,QSXW 6HWWLQJV (&é (&ê (&ë (&ìì )XQFWLRQ í í í í 7ì /RQJ +DXO í í ì í í ì í í ì í &DEOH *DLQ &RGLQJë íïí G% SXOVH ìíí Ω 73 êç G% %å=6 7ì /RQJ +DXO ðæïè G% SXOVH ìíí Ω 73 êç G% %å=6 í 7ì /RQJ +DXO ðìèïí G% SXOVH ìíí Ω 73 êç G% %å=6 ì í 7ì /RQJ +DXO ðëëïè G% SXOVH ìíí Ω 73 êç G% %å=6 í í ì 7ì /RQJ +DXO íïí G% SXOVH ìíí Ω 73 ëç G% %å=6 í í ì ì 7ì /RQJ +DXO ðæïè G% SXOVH ìíí Ω 73 ëç G% %å=6 í ì í ì 7ì /RQJ +DXO ðìèïí G% SXOVH ìíí Ω 73 ëç G% %å=6 í ì ì ì 7ì /RQJ +DXO ðëëïè G% SXOVH ìíí Ω 73 ëç G% %å=6 ì í í í (ì 6KRUW +DXO ,78 *ïæíê ìëí Ω 73îæè Ω &RD[ ìë G% +'%ê ì í í ì (ì /RQJ +DXO ,78 *ïæíê ìëí Ω 73 éê G% +'%ê ì í ì í (ì /RQJ +DXO ,78 *ïæíê ìëí Ω 73îæè Ω &RD[ éê G% +'%ê ì í ì ì 7ì 6KRUW +DXO íðìêê IW î íïç G% ìíí Ω 73 ìë G% %å=6 ì ì í í 7ì 6KRUW +DXO ìêêðëçç IW î ìïë G% ìíí Ω 73 ìë G% %å=6 ì ì í ì 7ì 6KRUW +DXO ëççðêää IW î ìïå G% ìíí Ω 73 ìë G% %å=6 ì ì ì í 7ì 6KRUW +DXO êääðèêê IW î ëïé G% ìíí Ω 73 ìë G% %å=6 ì ì ì ì 7ì 6KRUW +DXO èêêðçèè IW î êïí G% ìíí Ω 73 ìë G% %å=6 3XOVH ìï (&ì VHWV WKH UHFHLYH HTXDOL]HU JDLQ õ(*/ô GXULQJ 7ì ORQJðKDXO RSHUDWLRQï ëï :KHQ HQDEOHGï êðæë L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV ',$*1267,& 02'( 23(5$7,21 /;7êçíîêçì RIIHUV PXOWLSOH GLDJQRVWLF PRGHV DV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ìêï ,Q +DUGZDUH 0RGHñ WKH GLDJQRVWLF PRGHV DUH VHOHFWHG E\ D FRPELQDWLRQ RI SLQ VHWWLQJVï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ WKH GLDJQRVWLF PRGHV DUH VHOHFWHG E\ ZULWLQJ DSSURSULDWH ELWV LQ WKH 'LDJð QRVWLF &RQWURO 5HJLVWHUï ì ï 7DEOH ìêã 'LDJQRVWLF 0RGH $YDLODELOLW\ 'LDJQRVWLF 0RGH $YDLODELOLW\ì +RVW 0RGHë 0DVNDEOH ë ê +î: +RVW /RFDO /RRSEDFN õ//223ô <HV <HV 1R $QDORJ /RRSEDFN õ$/223ô <HV <HV 1R 5HPRWH /RRSEDFN õ5/223ô <HV <HV 1R ,QðEDQG 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN õ1/223ô <HV <HV <HV 'XDO /RRSEDFN õ'/223ô <HV <HV 1R 7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHV õ7$26ô <HV <HV 1R 4XDVLð5DQGRP 6LJQDO 6RXUFH õ4566ô <HV <HV <HV ,QðEDQG ORRS XSîGRZQ FRGH JHQHUDWRU 1R <HV 1R å %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQ ,QVHUWLRQ õ,16%39ô <HV <HV 1R /RJLF (UURU ,QVHUWLRQ õ,16/(5ô <HV <HV 1R ä %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ õ%39ô <HV <HV 1R /RJLF (UURU 'HWHFWLRQñ 4566 õ43'ô <HV <HV 1R +'%ê &RGH 9LRODWLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ õ&2'(9ô 1R <HV 1R +'%ê =HUR YLRODWLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ õ=(529ô 1R <HV 1R ìì 5HFHLYH /RVV RI 6LJQDO õ/26ô PRQLWRULQJ <HV <HV <HV 5HFHLYH $ODUP ,QGLFDWLRQ 6LJQDO õ$,6ô PRQLWRULQJ 1R <HV <HV ìë 7UDQVPLW 'ULYHU )DLOXUH 0RQLWRULQJ¥2SHQ õ')02ô 1R <HV <HV (ODVWLF VWRUH RYHUIORZ DQG XQGHUIORZ PRQLWRULQJ 1R <HV <HV ìê 5HFHLYH /LQH $WWHQXDWLRQ ,QGLFDWRU õ/$71ô 1R <HV 1R ìé %XLOWð,Q 6HOI 7HVW õ%,67ô 1R <HV <HV /RRSEDFN 0RGHV é è ,QWHUQDO 'DWD 3DWWHUQ *HQHUDWLRQ DQG 'HWHFWLRQ æ (UURU ,QVHUWLRQ DQG 'HWHFWLRQ ìí $ODUP &RQGLWLRQ 0RQLWRULQJ 2WKHU 'LDJQRVWLF 5HSRUWV ìï ,Q +DUGZDUH &RQWURO 0RGHñ D FRPELQDWLRQ RI SLQ VHWWLQJV VHOHFWV WKH 'LDJQRVWLFV 0RGHVâ LQ +RVW &RQWURO 0RGHñ ZULWLQJ DSSURSULDWH ELWV LQ WKH &RQð WURO 5HJLVWHUV VHOHFWV WKH 'LDJQRVWLF 0RGHVï ëï +RVW &RQWURO 0RGH DOORZV LQWHUUXSW PDVNLQJ E\ ZULWLQJ D ¦ì§ WR WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ ELW LQ WKH ,QWHUUXSW &OHDU 5HJLVWHUï +DUGZDUH &RQWURO 0RGH KDV QR LQWHUUXSW PDVNLQJ IHDWXUHï L1 êðæê ìè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV /223%$&. 02'(6 )LJXUH çã /RFDO /RRSEDFN õ-$ 6HOHFWHGô 127( +DUGZDUH 0RGH SLQV GLVFXVVHG LQ WKLV VHFWLRQ UHIHU WR WKH /;7êçí RQO\ï /RFDO /RRSEDFN 6HH )LJXUHV è DQG çï ,Q +DUGZDUH 0RGHñ /RFDO /RRSEDFN õ//223ô LV VHOHFWHG E\ W\LQJ //223 +LJKâ LQ +RVW 0RGHñ E\ VHWWLQJ &5ëï(//223 WR ìï //223 LQKLELWV WKH UHFHLYHU FLUFXLWVï 7KH WUDQVPLW FORFN DQG GDWD LQSXWV õ7&/. DQG 7326î71(* RU 7'$7$ô ORRS EDFN WKURXJK WKH MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRU õLI HQDEOHGô DQG VKRZ XS DW 5&/. DQG 5326î 51(* RU 5'$7$ï õ'XULQJ //223ñ WKH -$6(/ LQSXW LV VWULFWO\ DQ (QDEOHî'LVDEOH FRQWUROâ LW GRHV QRW DIIHFW WKH SODFHPHQW RI WKH -$/ï ,I -$ LV HQDEOHGñ LW LV DFWLYH LQ WKH ORRSEDFN FLUFXLWï ,I -$ LV E\SDVVHGñ LW LV QRW DFWLYH LQ WKH ORRSEDFN FLUFXLWïô 7KH WUDQVPLWWHU FLUFXLWV DUH XQDIIHFWHG E\ //223ï /;7êçíîêçì WUDQVPLWV WKH 7326î71(* RU 7'$7$ LQSXWV õRU D VWUHDP RI ìV LI 7$26 LV DVVHUWHGô QRUPDOO\ï :KHQ XVHG LQ WKLV PRGHñ WKH WUDQVFHLYHU FDQ IXQFWLRQ DV D VWDQGðDORQH MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRUï )LJXUH èã 7$26 ZLWK //223 õ-$ 6HOHFWHGô $QDORJ /RRSEDFN 6HH )LJXUH æï $QDORJ /RRSEDFN õ$/223ô H[HUFLVHV WKH PD[LPXP QXPEHU RI IXQFWLRQDO EORFNVï $/223 RSHUDWLRQ GLVFRQQHFWV WKH 57,3î55,1* LQSXWV IURP WKH OLQH DQG URXWHV WKH WUDQVPLW RXWSXWV EDFN LQWR WKH UHFHLYH LQSXWVï 7KLV WHVWV WKH HQFRGHUVîGHFRGHUVñ MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRUñ WUDQVPLWð WHUñ UHFHLYHU DQG WLPLQJ UHFRYHU\ VHFWLRQVï ,Q +DUGZDUH 0RGHñ W\LQJ SLQ ëæ WR 0LGUDQJH FRPPDQGV $QDORJ /RRSð EDFNâ LQ +RVW 0RGHñ ZULWLQJ D ì WR ELW &5ëï($/223 HQDEOHV WKH IXQFWLRQï 7KH $/223 IXQFWLRQ RYHUULGHV DOO RWKHU ORRSEDFN PRGHVï )LJXUH æã $QDORJ /RRSEDFN õ-$ 6HOHFWHGô êðæé L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 5HPRWH /RRSEDFN 'XDO /RRSEDFN 6HH )LJXUH åï ,Q 5HPRWH /RRSEDFN õ5/223ô PRGHñ WKH GHYLFH LJQRUHV WKH WUDQVPLW GDWD DQG FORFN LQSXWV õ7&/. DQG 7326î71(* RU 7'$7$ôñ DQG E\SDVVHV WKH LQðOLQH HQFRGHUVîGHFRGHUVï 7KH 5326î51(* RU 5'$7$ RXWSXWV ORRS EDFN WKURXJK WKH WUDQVPLW FLUFXLWV WR 77,3 DQG 75,1* DW WKH 5&/. IUHTXHQF\ï 7KH 5/223 FRPPDQG GRHV QRW DIIHFW WKH UHFHLYHU FLUFXLWV ZKLFK FRQWLQXH WR RXWSXW WKH 5&/. DQG 5326î51(* RU 5'$7$ VLJQDOV UHFHLYHG IURP WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQHï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ FRPPDQG 5/223 E\ ZULWLQJ D ì WR ELW &5ëï(5/223ï ,Q +DUGZDUH 0RGHñ 5/223 LV FRPPDQGHG E\ VHWWLQJ SLQ ëç +LJKï 6HH )LJXUH äï 7R VHOHFW 'XDO /RRSEDFN õ'/223ôñ VHW ERWK 5/223 DQG //223 +LJK LQ +DUGZDUH 0RGH RU VHW ELWV &5ëï(5/223 DQG &5ëï(//223 WR ì LQ +RVW 0RGHï ,Q '/223 PRGHñ WKH WUDQVPLW FORFN DQG GDWD LQSXWV õ7&/. DQG 7326î71(* RU 7'$7$ô ORRS EDFN WKURXJK WKH -LWWHU $WWHQXDWRU õXQOHVV GLVDEOHGô WR 5&/. DQG 5326î51(* RU 5'$7$ï 7KH GDWD DQG FORFN UHFRYHUHG IURP WKH WZLVWHGðSDLU OLQH ORRS EDFN WKURXJK WKH WUDQVPLW FLUFXLWV WR 77,3 DQG 75,1* ZLWKRXW MLWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQï )LJXUH åã 5HPRWH /RRSEDFN õ-$ 6HOHFWHGô ë ê é 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN õ1/223ô FDQ EH LQLWLDWHG RQO\ ZKHQ WKH 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN GHWHFW IXQFWLRQ LV HQDEOHGï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ ZULWLQJ D ì WR &5ëï(1/223 HQDEOHV 1/223 GHWHFWLRQï ,Q +DUGZDUH 0RGHñ VHWWLQJ 5/223 WR 0LGUDQJH HQDEOHV 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN GHWHFWLRQï :LWK 1/223 GHWHFWLRQ HQDEOHGñ WKH UHFHLYHU ORRNV IRU WKH 1/223 GDWD SDWWHUQV õííííì HQDEOHñ ííì GLVDEOHô LQ WKH LQSXW GDWD VWUHDPï :KHQ WKH UHFHLYHU GHWHFWV DQ 1/223 HQDEOH GDWD SDWWHUQ UHSHDWHG IRU D PLQLPXP RI ILYH VHFRQGVñ WKH GHYLFH HQDEOHV 5/223ï 7KH GHYLFH UHVSRQGV WR ERWK IUDPHG DQG XQIUDPHG 1/223 SDWWHUQVï 2QFH 1/223 GHWHFWLRQ LV HQDEOHG DW WKH FKLS DQG DFWLYDWHG E\ WKH DSSURSULDWH GDWD SDWWHUQñ LW LV LGHQWLFDO WR 5HPRWH /RRSð EDFN õ5/223ôï 1/223 LV GLVDEOHG E\ UHFHLYLQJ WKH ííì SDWWHUQ IRU ILYH VHFRQGVñ RU E\ DFWLYDWLQJ 5/223 RU $/223ñ RU E\ GLVDEOLQJ 1/223 GHWHFWLRQï 7KH GHYLFH JRHV LQWR 'XDO /RRSEDFN 0RGH õ'/223ô LQ WKH FDVH ZKHUH LW GHWHFWV ERWK WKH 1/223 DQG //223 IXQFWLRQVï ì è æ å )LJXUH äã ä 'XDO /RRSEDFN ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè L1 êðæè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV ,17(51$/ 3$77(51 *(1(5$7,21 $1' '(7(&7,21 õ:KHQ WKHUH DUH PRUH WKDQ ìé FRQVHFXWLYH íVñ WKH RXWSXW LV MDPPHG WR D ìïô 7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHV )XUWKHUPRUH D ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ LQ WKH 4566 SDWWHUQ LV SRVð VLEOH E\ FDXVLQJ D /RZðWRð+LJK WUDQVLWLRQ RQ ,16%39 õSLQ éô ZLWKRXW UHJDUG WR ZKHWKHU WKH GHYLFH LV LQ ELSRODU RU XQLð SRODU RSHUDWLQJ PRGHï 6HH )LJXUH ìíï ,Q 7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHV õ7$26ô 0RGH WKH WUDQVFHLYHU LJQRUHV WKH 7326 DQG 71(* LQSXWV DQG WUDQVð PLWV D FRQWLQXRXV VWUHDP RI ìV DW WKH 7&/. IUHTXHQF\ï õ:LWK QR 7&/.ñ WKH 7$26 RXWSXW FORFN LV 0&/.ïô 7KLV FDQ EH XVHG DV WKH $ODUP ,QGLFDWLRQ 6LJQDO õ$,6¤DOVR FDOOHG WKH %OXH $ODUPôï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ 7$26 LV FRPð PDQGHG E\ ZULWLQJ D ì WR ELW &5ëï(7$26ï ,Q +DUGZDUH 0RGH VHWWLQJ SLQ ëå +LJK GRHV VRï %RWK 7$26 DQG /RFDO /RRSEDFN FDQ RFFXU VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH èñ EXW 5HPRWH /RRSEDFN LQKLELWV 7$26ï :KHQ ERWK 7$26 DQG //223 DUH DFWLYHñ 7&/. DQG 7326î71(* ORRS EDFN WR 5&/. DQG 5326î51(* WKURXJK WKH MLWWHU DWWHQXDWRU õLI HQDEOHGôñ DQG DQ DOO RQHV SDWWHUQ JRHV WR 77,3î75,1*ï )LJXUH ììã 4566 0RGH )LJXUH ìíã 7$26 'DWD 3DWK 4XDVLð5DQGRP 6LJQDO 6RXUFH õ4566ô 6HH )LJXUH ììï )RU 7ì RSHUDWLRQñ WKH 4XDVLð5DQGRP 6LJQDO 6RXUFH õ4566ô LV D ëëíðì SVHXGRðUDQGRP ELW VHTXHQFH õ35%6ô ZLWK QR PRUH WKDQ ìé FRQVHFXWLYH ]HURVï )RU (ì RSHUDWLRQñ 4566 LV ëìèðì 35%6 ZLWK LQYHUWHG RXWSXWï %RWK +DUGZDUH DQG +RVW 0RGHV DOORZ 4566 0RGHï 7KH 4566 SDWWHUQ LV QRUPDOO\ ORFNHG WR 7&/.â EXW LI WKHUH LV QR 7&/.ñ 0&/. LV WKH FORFN VRXUFHï %HOOFRUH 3XE çëéìì GHILQHV WKH 7ì 4566 WUDQVPLW IRUPDW DQG ,78 *ïæíê GHILQHV WKH (ì IRUPDWï &KRRVLQJ 4566 0RGH DOVR HQDEOHV WKH 4566 3DWWHUQ 'HWHFWLRQ õ43'ô LQ WKH UHFHLYH SDWKï 7KH 4566 SDWWHUQ LV V\QFKURQL]HG ZKHQ WKHUH DUH IHZHU WKDQ IRXU HUURUV LQ ìëå ELWVï $IWHU DFKLHYLQJ V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ WKH GHYLFH GULYHV 43' õSLQ ìëô /RZ õ43' RXWSXW LV DYDLODEOH RQ /;7êçí RQO\ôï 7KH /;7êçì GRHV QRW VXSSRUW ELW HUURU GHWHFWLRQ LQ 4566 0RGHï ,Q WKH /;7êçí 4566 0RGHñ DQ\ VXEVHTXHQW ELW HUURU LQ WKH 4566 SDWWHUQ FDXVHV 43' WR JR +LJK IRU KDOI DQ 5&/. FORFN F\FOH õWKH SUHFLVH UHODWLRQVKLS WR 5&/. GHSHQGV RQ WKH YDOXH RI &/.(¤ZKHQ &/.( LV /RZñ 43' JRHV +LJK ZKLOH 5&/. LV +LJKâ LI &/.( LV +LJKñ 43' JRHV +LJK ZKLOH 5&/. LV /RZôï 7KLV VLJQDO HGJH FDQ VHUYH DV D WULJJHU IRU DQ H[WHUQDO ELWðHUURU FRXQWHUï $Q /26 FRQGLWLRQ RU D ORVV RI 4566 V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ ZLOO FDXVH WKLV RXWSXW WR JR +LJK FRQWLQXRXVO\ï ,Q WKLV FDVHñ DQG ZLWK HLWKHU 8QLSRODU 0RGH RU WKH HQFRGHUVîGHFRGHUV HQDEOHGñ WKH %39 SLQ LQGLFDWHV %39Vñ &2'(9V RU =(529V DV FKRVHQï &RQQHFWLQJ 7$26 õSLQ ëåô 0LGUDQJH HQDEOHV 4566 WUDQVð PLVVLRQ LQ +DUGZDUH 0RGHï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ VHWWLQJ ELWV &5ëï(3$7í í DQG &5ëï(3$7ì ìHQDEOHV WKLV IXQFWLRQï +RVW 0RGH RIIHUV DQ DGGLWLRQDO LQWHUUXSW WR LQGLFDWH WKDW 4566 GHWHFWLRQ DQG V\FKURQL]DWLRQ KDYH RFFXUUHGñ RU WKDW V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ LV ORVWï 7KLV LQWHUUXSW LV DYDLODEOH ZKHQ ELW ,&5ï&4566 íï ,I WKH 43' VLJQDO WULJJHUV D ELW HUURU FRXQWHUñ WKH LQWHUUXSW FRXOG VWDUW RU UHVHW WKH FRXQWHUï :LWK 4566 WUDQVPLVVLRQ HQDEOHGñ LW LV SRVVLEOH WR LQVHUW D ORJLF HUURU LQWR WKH WUDQVPLW GDWD VWUHDP E\ FDXVLQJ D /RZðWRð+LJK WUDQVLWLRQ RQ ,16/(5 õSLQ êôï +RZHYHUñ LI QR ORJLF RU ELW HUURUV DUH WR EH LQVHUWHG LQWR WKH 4566 SDWð WHUQñ ,16/(5 PXVW UHPDLQ /RZï /RJLF (UURU LQVHUWLRQ ZDLWV XQWLO WKH QH[W ELW LI WKH FXUUHQW ELW LV ¦MDPPHG§ï $OVR LQ +RVW 0RGHñ WKH 365ï4566 ELW SURYLGHV DQ LQGLFDð WLRQ RI WKH 4566 SDWWHUQ V\QFKURQL]DWLRQï 7KLV ELW JRHV /RZ ZLWK QR 4566 SDWWHUQ GHWHFWHG õLïHïñ ZKHQ WKHUH DUH PRUH WKDQ IRXU HUURUV LQ ìëå ELWVôï 7KH 74566 ELW LQ WKH 7UDQVLWLRQ 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU LQGLFDWHV WKDW 4566 VWDWXV KDV FKDQJHG VLQFH WKH ODVW 4566 ,QWHUUXSW &OHDU FRPPDQGï êðæç L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV ,Qð%DQG 1HWZRUN /RRS 8S RU 'RZQ &RGH *HQHUDWRU ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ /;7êçíîêçì FDQ WUDQVPLW LQðEDQG 1HWZRUN /RRS 8S RU /RRS 'RZQ FRGHï 7KH /RRS 8S FRGH LV ííííìâ /RRS 'RZQ FRGH LV ííìï $ /RRS 8S FRGH WUDQVPLVVLRQ RFFXUV ZKHQ &RQWURO 5HJLVWHU úë ELWV (3$7í ì DQG (3$7ì íï $ /RRS 'RZQ FRGH WUDQVPLVVLRQ UHTXLUHV WKDW ERWK (3$7í DQG (3$7ì ìï :LWK WKLV PRGH HQDEOHGñ ORJLF HUURUV DQG ELSRODU YLRODWLRQV FDQ EH LQVHUWHG LQWR WKH WUDQVPLW GDWD VWUHDPï ,QVHUWLQJ D ORJLF HUURU UHTXLUHV D /RZðWRð+LJK WUDQVLWLRQ LQ ,16/(5 õSLQ êôï õ,I WKHUH DUH QR ORJLF RU ELW HUURUV WR LQVHUWñ ,16/(5 PXVW UHPDLQ /RZïô ,QVHUWLQJ D ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ UHTXLUHV D /RZðWRð+LJK WUDQVLWLRQ RQ ,16%39 õSLQ éôñ LQGHSHQGHQW RI 8QLSRODU RU %LSRODU RSHUDWLRQï (5525 ,16(57,21 $1' '(7(&7,21 %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQ ,QVHUWLRQ õ,16%39ô ,Q 8QLSRODU 0RGHñ ERWK +DUGZDUH DQG +RVW 0RGHV SURYLGH IRU %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQ ,QVHUWLRQ õ,16%39ôï &KRRVLQJ 8QLð SRODU 0RGH FRQILJXUHV SLQ é DV ,16%39ï %LSRODU YLRODWLRQ LQVHUWLRQ UHTXLUHV D /RZðWRð+LJK WUDQVLWLRQ RQ ,16%39ï 6DPSOLQJ RFFXUV RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 7&/.ï :KHQ ,16%39 JRHV +LJK D %39 LV LQVHUWHG RQ WKH QH[W DYDLODEOH PDUN H[FHSW LQ WKH IRXU IROORZLQJ VLWXDWLRQVã ‡ =HUR VXSSUHVVLRQ õ+'%ê RU %å=6ô LV QRW YLRODWHG ‡ ,I //223 DQG 7$26 DUH ERWK DFWLYHñ WKH %39 LV ORRSHG EDFN WR 51(*î%39 LQGLFDWRU DQG WKH OLQH GULYHU WUDQVPLWV DOO RQHV ZLWK QR YLRODWLRQï ‡ %39 LQVHUWLRQ LV GLVDEOHG ZLWK 5/223 õUHPRWH ORRSð EDFNô DFWLYHï ‡ %39 LQVHUWLRQ LV GLVDEOHG ZLWK 1/223 DVVHUWHG õSLQ ìí +LJKô ï :LWK WKH /;7êçíîêçì FRQILJXUHG WR WUDQVPLW LQWHUQDOO\ JHQHUDWHG GDWD SDWWHUQV õ4566 RU 1/223ôñ D %39 FDQ EH LQVHUWHG RQ WKH WUDQVPLW SDWWHUQ LQGHSHQGHQW RI ZKHWKHU WKH GHYLFH LV LQ WKH XQLSRODU RU ELSRODU PRGH RI RSHUDWLRQï /2*,& (5525 ,16(57,21 õ,16/(5ô :KHQ FRQILJXUHG WR WUDQVPLW LQWHUQDOO\ JHQHUDWHG GDWD SDWð WHUQV õ4566 RU 1/223 8Sî'RZQ FRGHVôñ WKH GHYLFH FDQ LQVHUW D ORJLF HUURU RQ WKH WUDQVPLW GDWD SDWWHUQ ZKHQ WKHUH LV D /RZðWRð+LJK WUDQVLWLRQ RQ ,16/(5ï ,Q 4566 0RGHñ WKHUH LV QR ORJLF HUURU LQVHUWLRQ RQ D MDPPHG ELW õD ELW IRUFHG WR RQH WR VXSSUHVV WUDQVPLVVLRQ RI PRUH WKDQ ìé FRQð VHFXWLYH ]HURVôï 7KH WUDQVFHLYHU WUHDWV GDWD SDWWHUQV WKH VDPH ZD\ LW WUHDWV GDWD DSSOLHG WR 7326î71(*ñ VR WKH LQVHUWHG ORJLF HUURU ZLOO IROORZ WKH GDWD IORZ SDWK DV GHILQHG E\ WKH ORRSEDFN PRGH LQ HIIHFWï L1 /RJLF (UURU 'HWHFWLRQ õ43'ô õ/;7êçí 2QO\ô $IWHU UHFHLYLQJ SDWWHUQ V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ ZKHQ FRQILJXUHG LQ WKH 4566 0RGHñ /;7êçí UHSRUWV ORJLF HUURUV RQ 43' õSLQ ìëôï 7R LQGLFDWH D ORJLF HUURUñ WKLV SLQ JRHV +LJK IRU KDOI DQ 5&/. F\FOH õGXULQJ WKH +LJK SHULRG RI 5&/. LI &/.( LV /RZ EXW GXULQJ WKH /RZ 5&/. SHULRG LI &/.( LV +LJKôï 7R WDOO\ ORJLF HUURUVñ FRQQHFW DQ HUURU FRXQWHU WR 43'ï $ FRQWLQXRXV ORJLF RQH RQ WKLV SLQ LQGLFDWHV ORVV RI HLWKHU WKH 4566 SDWWHUQ ORFN RU /26 FRQGLWLRQï 7KH 4566 VHFWLRQ KDV DGGLWLRQDO GHWDLOV RQ 4566 SDWWHUQ ORFN FULWHULDï %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ õ%39ô :LWK WKH LQWHUQDO HQFRGHUVîGHFRGHUV HQDEOHG RU ZKHQ FRQð ILJXUHG LQ 8QLSRODU 0RGHñ WKH /;7êçíîêçì UHSRUWV UHFHLYHG %LSRODU 9LRODWLRQV DW %39 õSLQ çôï 7KH SLQ JRHV +LJK IRU D IXOO FORFN F\FOH WR LQGLFDWH UHFHLSW RI D %39ï +RZHYHUñ LI WKH HQFRGHUVîGHFRGHUV DUH HQDEOHGñ /;7êçíî êçì GRHV QRW UHSRUW ELSRODU YLRODWLRQV GXH WR WKH OLQH FRGLQJ VFKHPHï +'%ê &RGH 9LRODWLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ õ&2'(9ô /;7êçíîêçì FDQ GHWHFW +'%ê FRGH YLRODWLRQV LQ +RVW 0RGH ZLWK +'%ê HQFRGHUV HQDEOHGï 7KLV UHTXLUHV &5ìï(1&(1% ì DQG &5ìï(&éðì ìíí[ RU ìíìíñ ZKLFK HVWDEOLVKHV (ì RSHUDWLRQï 7R HQDEOH &2'(9ñ VHW ELW &5éï&2'(9 ìï $Q +'%ê FRGH YLRODWLRQ õ&2'(9ô RFFXUV ZKHQ WKH GHYLFH UHFHLYHV WZR FRQVHFXWLYH ELSRODU YLRODWLRQV RI WKH VDPH SRODULW\ õUHIHU WR ,78 2ïìçìôï :LWK &2'(9 GHWHFð WLRQ HQDEOHGñ /;7êçíîêçì UHSRUWV D YLRODWLRQ RQ WKH %39 SLQ DORQJ ZLWK UHFHLYHG %39V DQG =(529V õLI WKHVH RSWLRQV DUH HQDEOHGôï /;7êçíîêçì IRUFHV WKH %39 SLQ +LJK IRU D IXOO 5&/. F\FOH WR UHSRUW D &2'(9ï +'%ê =HUR 6XEVWLWXWLRQ 9LRODWLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ õ=(529ô :LWK HQFRGHUVîGHFRGHUV HQDEOHGñ WKH /;7êçíîêçì FDQ GHWHFW +'%ê ]HUR VXEVWLWXWLRQ YLRODWLRQV õ=(529ô LQ +RVW 0RGHï 7KLV UHTXLUHV &5ìï(1&(1% ì DQG &5ìï(&éðì ìíí[ RU ìíìíñ ZKLFK HVWDEOLVK (ì RSHUDWLRQñ DQG &5éï=(529 ìï /;7êçíîêçì IRUFHV WKH %39 SLQ +LJK IRU D IXOO 5&/. F\FOH WR UHSRUW D =(529ï $Q +'%ê =(529 LV WKH UHFHLSW RI IRXU RU PRUH FRQVHFXWLYH ]HURVï 7KLV GRHV QRW RFFXU ZLWK FRUUHFWO\ HQFRGHG +'%ê GDWD XQOHVV WKHUH DUH WUDQVPLVVLRQ HUURUVï :LWK =(529 GHWHFWLRQ HQDEOHGñ WKH GHYLFH UHSRUWV D YLRODWLRQ RQ WKH %39 SLQ DORQJ ZLWK UHFHLYHG %39V DQG &2'(9V õLI WKHVH RSWLRQV DUH HQDEOHGôï êðææ ì ë ê é è æ å ä ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV $/$50 &21',7,21 021,725,1* /RVV RI 6LJQDO õ/26ô 7KH /;7êçíîêçì /RVV RI 6LJQDO õ/26ô PRQLWRU IXQFWLRQ LV FRPSDWLEOH ZLWK ,78 *ïææè DQG (76, êííëêêï 7KH UHFHLYHU /26 PRQLWRU ORDGV D GLJLWDO FRXQWHU DW WKH 5&/. IUHTXHQF\ï 7KH FRXQW LQFUHPHQWV ZLWK HDFK UHFHLYHG í DQG WKH FRXQWHU UHVHWV WR í RQ UHFHLSW RI D ìï :KHQ WKH FRXQW UHDFKHV ¦Q§ íVñ WKH /26 IODJ JRHV +LJKñ DQG WKH 0&/. UHSODFHV WKH UHFRYHUHG FORFN DW WKH 5&/. RXWSXW LQ D VPRRWK WUDQVLWLRQï )RU 7ì RSHUDWLRQVñ WKH QXPEHU RI íVñ Q ìæèñ DQG IRU (ì RSHUDWLRQVñ Q êëï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ HLWKHU QXPEHU FDQ EH FKDQJHG WR ëíéå E\ VHWWLQJ ELW &5éï/26ëíéå WR ìï )RU 7ì RSHUDWLRQñ ZKHQ WKH UHFHLYHG VLJQDO KDV ìëïèø ìV õìç PDUNV LQ D VOLGLQJ ìëåðELW SHULRGñ ZLWK IHZHU WKDQ ìíí FRQVHFXWLYH íVôñ WKH /26 IODJ UHWXUQV /RZ DQG WKH UHFRYð HUHG FORFN UHSODFHV 0&/. DW WKH 5&/. RXWSXW LQ DQRWKHU VPRRWK WUDQVLWLRQï )RU (ì RSHUDWLRQñ WKH /26 FRQGLWLRQ LV FOHDUHG ZKHQ WKH UHFHLYHG VLJQDO KDV ìëïèø ìV GHQVLW\ õIRXU ìV LQ D VOLGLQJ êëðELW ZLQGRZ ZLWK IHZHU WKDQ ìç FRQVHFXWLYH íVôï ,Q +RVW 0RGH (ì RSHUDWLRQñ WKH RXWðRIð/26 FULWHULRQ FDQ EH PRGLð ILHG IURP ìëïèø PDUNV GHQVLW\ WR êë FRQVHFXWLYH PDUNV E\ VHWWLQJ ELW &5éï&2/êë&0 ìï 'XULQJ /26ñ WKH GHYLFH VHQGV UHFHLYHG GDWD WR WKH 5326î 51(* SLQV õRU 5'$7$ LQ 8QLSRODU 0RGHôï /;7êçí UHSRUWV DQ /26 FRQGLWLRQ RQ WKH /26 SLQ LQ +DUGZDUH 0RGHï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ WKH /26 ELW LQ WKH 3HUIRUPDQFH 6WDð WXV 5HJLVWHU JRHV +LJK WR LQGLFDWH DQ /26 FRQGLWLRQ DQG ZLOO LQWHUUXSW WKH KRVW FRQWUROOHU LI VR SURJUDPPHGï $ODUP ,QGLFDWLRQ 6LJQDO 'HWHFWLRQ õ$,6ô 7KH $ODUP ,QGLFDWLRQ 6LJQDO õ$,6ô LV DYDLODEOH RQO\ LQ +RVW 0RGHï 7KH UHFHLYHU GHWHFWV DQ $,6 SDWWHUQ ZKHQ LW UHFHLYHV IHZHU WKDQ WKUHH íV LQ DQ\ VWULQJ RI ëíéå ELWVï 7KH GHYLFH FOHDUV WKH $,6 FRQGLWLRQ ZKHQ LW UHFHLYHV WKUHH RU PRUH íV LQ D VWULQJ RI ëíéå ELWVï 7KH $,6 ELW LQ WKH 3HUIRUPDQFH 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU LQGLFDWHV $,6 GHWHFWLRQï :KHQ WKH $,6 VWDWXV FKDQJHVñ WKH 7$,6 ELW LQ WKH 7UDQVLWLRQ 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU JRHV +LJKï 7KH FKDQJH RI VWDWXV LQWHUUXSWV WKH KRVW FRQWUROOHU E\ SXOOLQJ INT /RZñ XQOHVV WKH LQWHUUXSW LV PDVNHGï :ULWLQJ D ì WR WKH ,&5ï&$,6 ELW PDVNV WKH LQWHUUXSW XQWLO WKH ELW UHWXUQV WR íï RQ WKH OLQHVï ')02 FDQ JHQHUDWH DQ INT WR WKH KRVW FRQWUROOHUï 7KH 7UDQVLWLRQ 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU ELW ')02 LQGLð FDWHV D WUDQVLWLRQ LQ WKH VWDWXV RI WKH ELWï :ULWLQJ D ì WR ,&5ï&')02 ZLOO FOHDU RU PDVN WKH LQWHUUXSWï (ODVWLF 6WRUH 2YHUIORZî8QGHUIORZ õ(6295î(681)ô :KHQ WKH ELW FRXQW LQ WKH (ODVWLF 6WRUH õ(6ô LV ZLWKLQ WZR ELWV RI RYHUIORZLQJ RU XQGHUIORZLQJ WKH (6 DGMXVWV WKH RXWð SXW FORFN E\ ìîå RI D ELW SHULRGï ,Q +RVW 0RGHñ WKH (6 SURð YLGHV DQ LQGLFDWLRQ RI RYHUIORZ DQG XQGHUIORZ LQ WKH 756ï(6295 DQG 765ï(681)ï 7KHVH DUH VWLFN\ ELWV DQG ZLOO VWD\ VHW WR ì XQWLO WKH KRVW FRQWUROOHU UHDGV WKH UHJLVWHUï 7KHVH LQWHUUXSWV FDQ EH FOHDUHG RU PDVNHG E\ ZULWLQJ D ì WR WKH ELWV ,&5ï&(62 DQG ,&5ï&(68ñ UHVSHFWLYHO\ï 27+(5 ',$*1267,& 5(32576 5HFHLYH /LQH $WWHQXDWLRQ ,QGLFDWLRQ õ/$71ô 7KH HTXDOL]HU VWDWXV UHJLVWHU õ(65ô SURYLGHV DQ DSSUR[LPDð WLRQ RI WKH OLQH DWWHQXDWLRQ HQFRXQWHUHG E\ WKH GHYLFHï 7KH IRXU PRVW VLJQLILFDQW ELWV RI WKH UHJLVWHU õ(65ï/$71æðéô LQGLFDWH OLQH DWWHQXDWLRQ LQ DSSUR[LPDWHO\ ëïä G% VWHSV IRU ERWK 7ì DQG (ì RSHUDWLRQ RI WKH UHFHLYH HTXDOL]HUï )RU LQVWDQFHñ LI (65ï/$71æðé LV ìí õGHFLPDOôñ WKHQ WKH UHFHLYHU LV VHHLQJ D VLJQDO DWWHQXDWHG E\ DSSUR[LPDWHO\ ëä G% õëïä G% ó ìíô RI FDEOH ORVVï %XLOWð,Q 6HOI 7HVW õ%,67ô /;7êçíîêçì SURYLGHV D %XLOWð,Q 6HOI 7HVW õ%,67ô FDSDELOð LW\ LQ +RVW 0RGHï 7KH %,67 H[HUFLVHV WKH LQWHUQDO FLUFXLWV E\ SURYLGLQJ DQ LQWHUQDO 4566 SDWWHUQñ UXQQLQJ LW WKURXJK WKH HQFRGHUV DQG WKH WUDQVPLW GULYHUV WKHQ ORRSLQJ LW EDFN WKURXJK WKH UHFHLYH HTXDOL]HUñ -LWWHU $WWHQXDWRU DQG GHFRGð HUV WR WKH 4566 SDWWHUQ GHWHFWLRQ FLUFXLWU\ï ,I DOO WKH EORFNV LQ WKLV GDWD SDWK ZRUN FRUUHFWO\ñ WKH UHFHLYH SDWWHUQ GHWHFWRU ORFNV RQWR WKH SDWWHUQï ,W WKHQ SXOOV INT /RZ DQG VHWV WKH IROORZLQJ ELWV +LJKã ‡ 765ï74566 ‡ 365ï4566 ‡ 365ï%,67 'ULYHU )DLOXUH 2SHQ 0RGH õ')02ô 7KH 43' SLQ õSLQ ìëô DOVR LQGLFDWHV FRPSOHWLRQ VWDWXV RI WKH WHVWï 6WDUWLQJ WKH WHVW IRUFHV WKLV SLQ +LJKï 'XULQJ WKH WHVWñ LW UHPDLQV +LJK XQWLO WKH WHVW ILQLVKHV VXFFHVVIXOO\ DW ZKLFK WLPH LW JRHV /RZï ,Q +RVW 0RGH D ')0 2SHQ õ')02ô ELW LV DYDLODEOH LQ WKH 3HUIRUPDQFH 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU WR LQGLFDWH DQ RSHQ FRQGLWLRQ 7KH PRVW UHOLDEOH WHVW ZLOO UHVXOW ZLWK VHSDUDWH 7&/. DQG 0&/. DQG /%2 ðëëïè G% õ&5ìï(&éðì íìì[ôï êðæå L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 23(5$7,1* 02'(6 7KH /;7êçíîêçì VKDUH PDQ\ IHDWXUHVï +RZHYHUñ WKHLU FRQWURO PRGHV DUH YHU\ GLIIHUHQWï ‡ 7KH /;7êçí RSHUDWHV LQ HLWKHU +DUGZDUH RU õ6HULDO 3RUWô +RVW 0RGH ‡ 7KH /;7êçì RSHUDWHV LQ õ3DUDOOHO 3RUWô +RVW 0RGH RQO\ï ,Q WKH +DUGZDUH 0RGH õ/;7êçí RQO\ô LQGLYLGXDO SLQV FRQð WURO WKH WUDQVFHLYHUï 7KH ORJLF OHYHO DW WKH 02'( SLQ VHWV WKH /;7êçí PRGH RI RSHUDWLRQï ,Q +RVW 0RGH õ/;7êçíîêçìôñ D PLFURSURFHVVRU FRQWUROV WKH GHYLFH WKURXJK D GDWD LQWHUIDFHï 7KH /;7êçí KDV D VHULDO LQWHUIDFH DQG WKH /;7êçì XVHV D SDUDOOHO LQWHUð IDFHï +DUGZDUH 0RGH 2SHUDWLRQ õ/;7êçí 2QO\ô 7KH /;7êçí RSHUDWHV LQ +DUGZDUH 0RGH ZKHQ 02'( LV VHW WR 0LGUDQJH RU /RZï ,Q +DUGZDUH 0RGH LQGLYLGXDO SLQV DFFHVV DQG FRQWURO WKH WUDQVFHLYHUï 7KH RXWSXWV õ5326î51(* RU 5'$7$ô DUH YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/. 7KHUH DUH VRPH DGYDQFHG IXQFWLRQV SURYLGHG RQO\ LQ +RVW 0RGHï ,QWHUUXSW õINTôñ $,6 GHWHFWLRQ LQGLFDWRUñ ')0 RSHQ LQGLFDWRU DQG &/.( IXQFWLRQV DUH VRPH RI WKH IHDð WXUHV DYDLODEOH LQ +RVW 0RGHï 7DEOH ìéã &RQWURO DQG 2SHUDWLRQDO 0RGH 6HOHFWLRQ IRU /;7êçí 7UDQVFHLYHU ,QSXW WR 3LQì 8QLSRODU %LSRODU $0, (QFî'HF %å=6î+'%ê (QFRGHUî'HFRGHU $OO 2XWSXWV 7ULVWDWHG 2II 2II 2Q 2IIê 2II 1R 2Q 2II 2II 2Q 2IIê 2II <HV 2SHQ 2Q 2II 2Q 2II 2Q 2II 1R +LJKë /RZ 2II 2Q [ [ [ [ 1R +LJKë +LJK 2II 2Q [ [ [ [ <HV +LJKë 2SHQ 2II 2Q [ [ [ [ 1R 2SHQ /RZ 2Q 2II 2Q 2II 2II 2Q 1R 2SHQ +LJK 2Q 2II 2Q 2II 2II 2Q <HV 2SHQ 2SHQ 2Q 2II 2Q 2II 2II 2Q 1R 7567( +DUGZDUH 6RIWZDUH /RZ /RZ 2Q /RZ +LJK /RZ 7KH /;7êçí RSHUDWHV LQ +RVW 0RGH ZKHQ 02'( LV VHW +LJKï ,Q +RVW 0RGH D PLFURSURFHVVRU DFFHVVHV DQG FRQð WUROV WKH WUDQVFHLYHU WKURXJK D GDWD SRUW XVLQJ WKH LQWHUQDO UHJLVWHUVï 7KH RXWSXWV õ5326î51(* RU 5'$7$ô DUH YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/. ,Q +RVW 0RGH WKHUH DUH HLJKW FRQWURO DQG VWDWXV UHJLVWHUV¤ ILYH UHDGîZULWH DQG WKUHH UHDGðRQO\ UHJLVWHUVï 7KH /;7êçí DFFHVVHV WKHP WKURXJK LWV VHULDO LQWHUIDFH õ6,2ôï 7KH /;7êçì SURYLGHV WKLV DFFHVV XVLQJ DQ åðELW SDUDOOHO LQWHUð IDFH õ3,2ôï L1 ê é æ å ä ìí ìï 2SHQ LV HLWKHU D PLGUDQJH YROWDJH RU WKH SLQ LV IORDWLQJ ëï ,Q 6RIWZDUH 0RGHñ WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU &5ì GHWHUPLQH WKH RSHUDWLRQ PRGHï êï (QFRGLQJ LV GRQH H[WHUQDOO\ï +RVW 0RGH 2SHUDWLRQ ë è 0RGH RI 2SHUDWLRQ 0RGH ì ìì 7KH KRVW SURFHVVRUîFRQWUROOHU FDQ FRPSOHWHO\ FRQILJXUH WKH GHYLFH DV ZHOO DV JHW D IXOO GLDJQRVWLFîVWDWXV UHSRUW WKURXJK WKH 6,2 RU 3,2ï 2QO\ WKH FORFNV DQG GDWD IRU %LSRODU 0RGH DQG %39î/RJLF (UURU LQVHUWLRQV IRU 8QLSRODU RU 4566 0RGH QHHG WR EH SURYLGHG GLUHFWO\ WR WKH LQSXW SLQVï 6LPð LODUO\ñ WKH UHFRYHUHG FORFNñ GDWDñ DQG %39î/RJLF (UURU RFFXUUHQFHV DUH DYDLODEOH RQO\ DW RXWSXW SLQVï $OO RWKHU PRGH VHWWLQJV DQG GLDJQRVWLF LQIRUPDWLRQ DUH DYDLODEOH WKURXJK WKH GDWD SRUWï êðæä ìë ìê ìé ìè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH ìè VKRZV WKH DGGUHVV XVHG E\ WKH 6,2 RU 3,2 WR DFFHVV HDFK UHJLVWHU RQ WKH /;7êçí RU /;7êçìñ UHVSHFWLYHO\ï 7DEOH ìç VXPPDUL]HV WKH FRQWURO DQG VWDWXV UHJLVWHUV DQG ODEHOV HDFK ELW WKH\ FRQWDLQï 7DEOHV ìæ WKURXJK ëé LGHQWLI\ WKH ELWV LQ HDFK UHJLVWHUï 7DEOH ìèã 6HULDO õ/;7êçíô DQG 3DUDOOHO õ/;7êçìô 3RUW 5HJLVWHU $GGUHVVHV $GGUHVVì 5HJLVWHU 1DPH $EEU 6HULDO 3RUW õ$æð$ìô 3DUDOOHO 3RUW õ$æð$íô &RQWURO úì &5ì [íìíííí [íìíííí[ &RQWURO úë &5ë [íìíííì [íìíííì[ &RQWURO úê &5ê [íìííìí [íìííìí[ ,QWHUUXSW &OHDU ,&5 [íìííìì [íìííìì[ 7UDQVLWLRQ 6WDWXV 765 [íìíìíí [íìíìíí[ 3HUIRUPDQFH 6WDWXV 365 [íìíìíì [íìíìíì[ (TXDOL]HU 6WDWXV (65 [íìíììí [íìíììí[ &RQWURO úé &5é [íìíììì [íìíììì[ 7DEOH ìçã 5HJLVWHU $GGUHVVHV DQG %LW 1DPHV 5HJLVWHU 7\SH 1DPH %LW æ ç è é ê ë ì í &RQWURO úì &5ì 5î: -$6(/ì -$6(/í (1&(% 81,(1% (&é (&ê (&ë (&ì &RQWURO úë &5ë 5î: 5(6(7 (3$7ì (3$7í (7$26 (1/223 ($/223 (//223 (5/223 &RQWURO úê &5ê 5î: -$ç+= 3&/.( 6%,67 (4=021 ë UHVHUYHG (6çé (6&(1 (6-$0 ,QWHUUXSW &OHDU ,&5 5î: &(68 &(62 &')02 UHVHUYHGê &4566 &$,6 &1/223 &/26 7UDQVLWLRQ 6WDWXV 765 5 (681) (6295 7')02 UHVHUYHGë 74566 7$,6 71/223 7/26 3HUIRUPDQFH 6WDWXV 365 5 ë UHVHUYHG %,67 ')02 ë UHVHUYHG 4566 $,6 1/223 /26 (TXDOL]HU 6WDWXV (65 5 /$71æ /$71ç /$71è /$71é UHVHUYHGë UHVHUYHGë UHVHUYHGë UHVHUYHGë &RQWURO úé &5é 5î: UHVHUYHGë UHVHUYHGë UHVHUYHGë UHVHUYHGë &2/êë&0 /26ëíéå =(529 &2'(9 ì ìï %LW &5êï3&/.( LV DYDLODEOH RQO\ LQ WKH /;7êçìâ IRU WKH /;7êçíñ VHW WKLV ELW WR ]HURï ëï ,Q ZULWH UHJLVWHUVñ ELWV ODEHOHG UHVHUYHG VKRXOG EH VHW WR í õH[FHSW DV LQ QRWH ê EHORZô IRU QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQ DQG LJQRUHG LQ UHDG RQO\ UHJLVWHUVï êï :ULWH D ì LQWR WKLV ELW IRU QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQï êðåí L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH ìæã &RQWURO 5HJLVWHU úì 5HDGî:ULWHñ $GGUHVV õ$æð$ìô [íìíííí %LW 1DPH )XQFWLRQ -LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ -$6(/í -$6(/ì 3RVLWLRQ í (&ì ì í 7UDQVPLW ì (&ë ì ì 5HFHLYH ë (&ê í ; GLVDEOHG ê (&é é 81,(1% (QDEOHV 8QLSRODU ,î2 0RGH DQG LQVHUWLRQîGHWHFWLRQ RI %39Vï è (1&(1% (QDEOHV %å=6î+'%ê HQFRGHUVîGHFRGHUVâ GHYLFH HQWHUV 8QLSRð ODU 0RGH DQG SLQV êñ éñ ç DQG æ FKDQJH WR WKHLU XQLSRODU IXQFð WLRQVï ç -$6(/í æ -$6(/ì 6HW WKH (TXDOL]HU &RQWURO FRGHV õVHH 7DEOH ìëôï æ )XQFWLRQ ì ê è -LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ 0RGHñ VHOHFWV MLWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ FLUFXLWU\ SRVLWLRQ LQ GDWD SDWK RU GLVDEOHV LWï 6HH ULJKW KDQG VHFWLRQ RI WDEOH IRU YDOXHVï Ò 1DPH ë é 7DEOH ìåã &RQWURO 5HJLVWHU úë 5HDGî:ULWHñ $GGUHVV õ$æð$ìô [íìíííì %LW ì å 3DWWHUQ (3$7í (3$7ì 6HOHFWHG ä í (5/223 (QDEOHV 5HPRWH /RRSEDFN õ5/223ô í í 7UDQVPLW 7326î71(* ì (//223ì (QDEOHV /RFDO /RRSEDFN õ//223ô í ì 'HWHFW DQG WUDQVPLW 4566 ìí ë ($/223 (QDEOHV $QDORJ /RRSEDFN õ$/223ô ì í ,QðEDQG /RRS 8S &RGH ííííì ìì ê (1/223 (QDEOHV 1HWZRUN /RRSEDFN 'HWHFWLRQ õ1/223ô ì ì ,QðEDQG /RRS 'RZQ &RGH ííì ìë é (7$26 (QDEOHV 7UDQVPLW $OO 2QHV õ7$26ô è (3$7í ç (3$7ì (QDEOHV LQWHUQDO GDWD SDWWHUQ WUDQVPLVVLRQï 6HH ULJKW KDQG VHFWLRQ RI WDEOH IRU YDOXHVï Ò æ 5(6(7 5(6(7 WHUVï ìé ì UHVHWV GHYLFH VWDWH DQG DOO UHJLVð ìï 7R HQDEOH 'XDO /RRSEDFN õ'/223ôñ VHW ERWK (5/223 L1 ìê ìñ (//223 ìè ìï êðåì /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH ìäã &RQWURO 5HJLVWHU úê 5HDGî:ULWHñ $GGUHVV õ$æð$ìô [íìííìí %LW 1DPH 'HVFULSWLRQ í (6-$0 'LVDEOHV MDPPLQJ RI HODVWLF VWRUH UHDG RXW FORFN õìîå ELWðWLPH DGMXVWPHQW IRU RYHUîXQGHUIORZôï ì (6&(1 &HQWHUV (6 SRLQWHU IRU D GLIIHUHQFH RI ìç RU êë õGHSHQGLQJ RQ GHSWKðFOHDUV DXWRPDWLFDOO\ôï ë (6çé ,QFUHDVHV (6 GHSWK IURP êë WR çé ELWVï ê ¥ UHVHUYHG¤VHW WR í IRU QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQï é (4=021 è 6%,67 6WDUWV EXLOWðLQ VHOI WHVWï ç 3/&.( 7KLV ELW LV DYDLODEOH RQO\ LQ WKH /;7êçì¤ IRU /;7êçíñ VHW WKLV ELW WR íï 3&/.( í VHWV 5326î51(* YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ï 3&/.( ì VHWV 5326î51(* YDOLG RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 5&/. ï æ -$ç+= :KHQ -$ç+= &RQILJXUHV UHFHLYHU HTXDOL]HU IRU PRQLWRU PRGH DSSOLFDWLRQ ï ìñ FKDQJHV EDQGZLGWK RI -LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ /RRS IURP ê +] õGHIDXOWô WR ç +]ï 7DEOH ëíã ,QWHUUXSW &OHDU 5HJLVWHU 5HDGî:ULWHñ $GGUHVV õ$æð$ìô [íìííìì )XQFWLRQì %LW 1DPH í &/26 ì &1/223 ë &$,6 ê &4566 é ¥ è &')02 ç &(62 &OHDUVî0DVNV (6 RYHUIORZ LQWHUUXSWï æ &(68 &OHDUVî0DVNV (6 XQGHUIORZ LQWHUUXSWï &OHDUVî0DVNV /26 LQWHUUXSWï &OHDUVî0DVNV 1/223 LQWHUUXSWï &OHDUVî0DVNV $,6 LQWHUUXSWï &OHDUVî0DVNV 4566 ,QWHUUXSWï UHVHUYHG¤VHW WR ì IRU QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQï &OHDUVî0DVNV ')02ï ìï /HDYLQJ D RQH RI LQ DQ\ RI WKHVH ELWV PDVNV WKH DVVRFLDWHG LQWHUUXSWï 7DEOH ëìã 7UDQVLWLRQ 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU 5HDG 2QO\ñ $GGUHVV õ$æð$ìô [íìíìíí %LW 1DPH í 7/26 ì 71/223 )XQFWLRQ /RVV RI 6LJQDO õ/26ô KDV FKDQJHG VLQFH ODVW FOHDU /26 LQWHUUXSW RFFXUUHGï 1/223 KDV FKDQJHG VLQFH ODVW FOHDU 1/223 LQWHUUXSW RFFXUUHGï ìï $ 4566 WUDQVLWLRQ LQGLFDWHV UHFHLYH 4566 SDWWHUQ V\QF RU ORVVï $ VLPSOH HUURU LQ 4566 SDWWHUQ LV QRW UHSRUWHG DV D WUDQVLWLRQï ëï 7ULSSLQJ WKH RYHUIORZ RU XQGHUIORZ LQGLFDWRU LQ WKH (6 VHWV WKH (6295î(681) VWDWXV ELWõVôï 5HDGLQJ WKH 7UDQVLWLRQ 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU FOHDUV WKHVH ELWVï 6HWWLQJ &(62 DQG &(68 LQ WKH ,QWHUUXSW &OHDU 5HJLVWHU PDVNV WKHVH LQWHUUXSWVï êðåë L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH ëìã 7UDQVLWLRQ 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU 5HDG 2QO\ñ $GGUHVV õ$æð$ìô [íìíìíí %LW 1DPH )XQFWLRQ ë 7$,6 ê 74566 é ¥ è 7')02 ')02 KDV FKDQJHG VLQFH ODVW FOHDU ')06 LQWHUUXSW RFFXUUHGï ç (6295 (6 RYHUIORZ VWDWXV VWLFN\ ELWëï æ (681) (6 XQGHUIORZ VWDWXV VWLFN\ ELWëï ì $,6 KDV FKDQJHG VLQFH ODVW FOHDU $,6 LQWHUUXSW RFFXUUHGï 4566 KDV FKDQJHG VLQFH ODVW FOHDU 4566 LQWHUUXSW RFFXUUHGìï ë UHVHUYHGðLJQRUHï ê ìï $ 4566 WUDQVLWLRQ LQGLFDWHV UHFHLYH 4566 SDWWHUQ V\QF RU ORVVï $ VLPSOH HUURU LQ 4566 SDWWHUQ LV QRW UHSRUWHG DV D WUDQVLWLRQï ëï 7ULSSLQJ WKH RYHUIORZ RU XQGHUIORZ LQGLFDWRU LQ WKH (6 VHWV WKH (6295î(681) VWDWXV ELWõVôï 5HDGLQJ WKH 7UDQVLWLRQ 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU FOHDUV WKHVH ELWVï 6HWWLQJ &(62 DQG &(68 LQ WKH ,QWHUUXSW &OHDU 5HJLVWHU PDVNV WKHVH LQWHUUXSWVï 7DEOH ëëã 3HUIRUPDQFH 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU 5HDG 2QO\ñ $GGUHVV õ$æð$ìô %LW 1DPH í /26 ì 1/223 ë $,6 ê 4566 é ¥ è ')02 'ULYHU RSHQ LQGLFDWLRQï ç %,67 %XLOWðLQ VHOI WHVW VWDWXVï æ ¥ è )XQFWLRQ /RVV RI VLJQDO õ/26ô VWDWXVï æ 1HWZRUN /RRS õ1/223ô VWDWXVï $ODUP ,QGLFDWRU õ$,6ô VWDWXVï å 4566 SDWWHUQ GHWHFW VWDWXVï UHVHUYHG¤LJQRUHï ä ìí UHVHUYHG¤LJQRUH 7DEOH ëêã (TXDOL]HU 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU 5HDG 2QO\ñ $GGUHVV õ$æð$ìô %LW 1DPH í ¥ UHVHUYHG¤LJQRUH õ/HDVW 6LJQLILFDQW %LWô ì ¥ UHVHUYHG¤LJQRUH ë ¥ UHVHUYHG¤LJQRUH ê ¥ UHVHUYHG¤LJQRUH é /$71é è /$71è ç /$71ç æ /$71æ L1 [íìíìíì é ìì [íìíììí )XQFWLRQ ìë ìê 5HFHLYH /LQH $WWHQXDWLRQ ,QGLFDWRUVï &RQYHUW WKLV ELQDU\ RXWSXW WR D GHFLPDO QXPEHU DQG PXOWLSO\ E\ ëïä G% WR GHWHUPLQH WKH DSSUR[LPDWH FDEOH DWWHQXDWLRQ DV VHHQ E\ WKH UHFHLYHUï )RU LQVWDQFHñ LI /$71æðé ìíìí %,1 õ ìí '(&ôñ WKHQ WKH UHFHLYHU LV VHHLQJ D VLJQDO DWWHQXð DWHG E\ DSSUR[LPDWHO\ ëä G% õëïä G% [ ìíô RI FDEOHï êðåê ìé ìè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH ëéã &RQWURO 5HJLVWHU úé 5HDGî:ULWHñ $GGUHVV õ$æð$ìô [íìíììì %LW 1DPH )XQFWLRQ í &2'(9 (QDEOHV GHWHFWLRQ RI +'%ê FRGH YLRODWLRQ RQ WKH %39 SLQ DORQJ ZLWK ELSRODU YLRODWLRQV DQG =(529V õDV HQDEOHGôï ì =(529 (QDEOHV GHWHFWLRQ RI IRXU FRQVHFXWLYH ]HURV õDQ +'%ê FRGLQJ YLRODWLRQô RQ WKH %39 SLQ DORQJ ZLWK ELSRODU YLRODWLRQ DQG =(529V õDV HQDEOHGôï ë /26ëíéå &KDQJHV /26 GHWHFWLRQ WKUHVKROG IURP êë FRQVHFXWLYH ]HURV õIRU (ì RSHUDWLRQô RU ìæè FRQð VHFXWLYH ]HURV õ7ì RSHUDWLRQô WR ëíéå FRQVHFXWLYH ]HURV LQ HLWKHU HQYLURQPHQWï ê &2/êë&0 ,Q (ì 0RGHñ FKDQJHV ¦FOHDU /26 FRQGLWLRQ§ FULWHULRQ IURP ìëïèø PDUNV GHQVLW\ õGHIDXOWô WR UHFHLSW RI êë FRQVHFXWLYH PDUNVï é ¥ UHVHUYHG¤VHW WR í IRU QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQâ LJQRUH ZKHQ UHDGLQJï è ¥ UHVHUYHG¤VHW WR í IRU QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQâ LJQRUH ZKHQ UHDGLQJï ç ¥ UHVHUYHG¤VHW WR í IRU QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQâ LJQRUH ZKHQ UHDGLQJï æ ¥ UHVHUYHG¤VHW WR í IRU QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQâ LJQRUH ZKHQ UHDGLQJï 6HULDO 3RUW 2SHUDWLRQ õ/;7êçí 2QO\ô 7KH /;7êçí RSHUDWHV LQ +RVW 0RGH ZKHQ WKH 02'( SLQ LV VHW +LJKï )LJXUH ìë VKRZV WKH 6,2 GDWD VWUXFWXUHï 7KH UHJLVWHUV DUH DFFHVVLEOH WKURXJK D ìçðELW ZRUGã DQ åðELW &RPPDQGî$GGUHVV E\WH õELWV 5îW DQG $ìð$æô DQG D VXEð VHTXHQW åðELW GDWD E\WH õELWV 'íðæôï %LW 5îW GHWHUPLQHV ZKHWKHU D UHDG RU D ZULWH RSHUDWLRQ RFFXUVï %LWV $çðì LQ WKH &RPPDQGî$GGUHVV E\WH DGGUHVV VSHFLILF UHJLVWHUV õWKH DGGUHVV GHFRGHU LJQRUHV ELW $æôï 7KH GDWD E\WH GHSHQGV RQ ERWK WKH YDOXH RI ELW 5îW DQG WKH DGGUHVV RI WKH UHJLVWHU DV VHW LQ WKH &RPPDQGî$GGUHVV E\WHï +RVW 0RGH SURYLGHV D ODWFKHG LQWHUUXSW RXWSXW õINTôï $ FKDQJH LQ WKH VWDWH RI DQ\ RI WKH IROORZLQJ ELWV LQ WKH 3HUð IRUPDQFH 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU ZLOO GULYH INT /RZã /26ñ 1/223ñ $,6ñ 4566ñ RU ')02ï $Q LQWHUUXSW ZLOO DOVR RFFXU ZKHQ WKHUH LV DQ HODVWLF VWRUH RYHUIORZ RU XQGHUIORZï :KHQ WKH LQWHUUXSW KDV RFFXUUHGñ WKH INT RXWSXW SLQ LV SXOOHG /RZï 7KH RXWSXW VWDJH RI HDFK INT SLQ FRQVLVWV RQO\ RI D SXOOðGRZQ GHYLFHñ VR HDFK RQH UHTXLUHV DQ H[WHUQDO SXOOðXS UHVLVWRUï 7KH LQWHUUXSW LV FOHDUHG ZKHQ WKH LQWHUUXSW FRQGLWLRQ QR ORQJHU H[LVWVñ DQG WKH KRVW SURFHVVRU ZULWHV D ìWR WKH UHVSHFWLYH LQWHUUXSW FDXVLQJ ELWõVô LQ WKH ,QWHUUXSW 5HJLVWHUï /HDYLQJ D ì LQ DQ\ RI WKHVH LQWHUUXSW VWDWXV ELWV PDVNV WKDW LQWHUUXSWï êðåé 7DEOH ëèã &/.( 6HWWLQJV &/.( 2XWSXW &ORFN 9DOLG (GJH /RZ 5326 5&/. 5LVLQJ 51(* 5&/. 5LVLQJ 6'2 6&/. )DOOLQJ 5326 5&/. )DOOLQJ 51(* 5&/. )DOOLQJ 6'2 6&/. 5LVLQJ +LJK +RVW 0RGH DOVR DOORZV FRQWURO RI WKH VHULDO GDWD DQG UHFHLYH GDWD RXWSXW WLPLQJï 7KH FORFN HGJH õ&/.(ô VLJQDO GHWHUð PLQHV ZKHQ WKH RXWSXWV DUH YDOLGñ UHODWLYH WR WKH 6HULDO &ORFN õ6&/.ô RU 5&/. DV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ëèï L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 3DUDOOHO 3RUW 2SHUDWLRQ õ/;7êçì 2QO\ô 7KH /;7êçì DGGUHVVîFRQWURO EXV SLQV DQG FRQWURO SLQV DUH FRPSDWLEOH ZLWK ERWK WKH ,QWHO DQG 0RWRUROD DGGUHVVîGDWD EXVHVï 6HH )LJXUHV ëë DQG ëê IRU WKH ,î2 WLPLQJ GLDJUDP IRU HDFK EXVï 7KH GHYLFH DXWRPDWLFDOO\ GHWHFWV EXV WLPLQJ EDVHG RQ WKH ,QWHO DQG 0RWRUROD PLFURSURFHVVRU EXV VSHFð LILFDWLRQVï 7KH PD[LPXP UHFRPPHQGHG SURFHVVRU VSHHG IRU DQ ,QWHO GHYLFH LV ëí 0+]â IRU D 0RWRUROD GHYLFHñ ìçïæå 0+]ï 7DEOH ìæ VXPPDUL]HV WKH FRQWURO DQG VWDWXV UHJLVWHUV IRU WKH /;7êçìï 7DEOHV ìæ WKURXJK ëé LGHQWLI\ DQG H[SODLQ WKH ELWV LQ WKH FRQWURO UHJLVWHUVï 7KH /;7êçì SURYLGHV D ODWFKHG LQWHUUXSW RXWSXW õINTôï $ FKDQJH LQ WKH VWDWH RI DQ\ RI WKH IROORZLQJ ELWV LQ WKH 3HUð IRUPDQFH 6WDWXV 5HJLVWHU ZLOO GULYH INT /RZã /26ñ 1/223ñ $,6ñ 4566ñ ')02ï :KHQ WKH LQWHUUXSW KDV RFFXUUHGñ WKH INT RXWSXW SLQ LV SXOOHG /RZï 7KH RXWSXW VWDJH RI INT SLQ FRQVLVWV RQO\ RI D SXOOðGRZQ GHYLFHñ VR HDFK SLQ UHTXLUHV DQ H[WHUQDO SXOOðXS UHVLVWRUï 7KH LQWHUUXSW LV FOHDUHG ZKHQ WKH LQWHUUXSW FRQGLWLRQ QR ORQJHU H[LVWVñ DQG WKH KRVW SURFHVVRU ZULWHV D ì WR WKH UHVSHFWLYH LQWHUUXSW FDXVLQJ ELWõVô LQ WKH ,QWHUUXSW 5HJLVWHUï /HDYLQJ D ì LQ DQ\ RI WKHVH LQWHUUXSW VWDWXV ELWV PDVNV WKDW LQWHUUXSWï 7KH UHFHLYHG GDWD RXWSXW LV YDOLG RQ WKH ULVLQJ HGJH RI 5&/.ñ ZKHQ ELW &5êï3&/.( íï 7KH GDWD RXWSXW LV YDOLG RQ WKH IDOOLQJ HGJH RI 5&/. ZKHQ &5êï3&/.( ìï 7KHUH DUH ILYH UHDGîZULWH DQG WKUHH UHDGðRQO\ UHJLVWHUVï 2QO\ ELWV $çðì LQ WKH DGGUHVV E\WH DUH YDOLGï õ7KH DGGUHVV GHFRGHU LJQRUHV ELWV $æ DQG $íïô 7DEOHV ìæ WKURXJK ëé VKRZ WKH UHJLVWHU DGGUHVV ELWV $æðìñ ZLWKRXW UHJDUG WR ELW $íï ì ë ê é è )LJXUH ìëã /;7êçí 6HULDO ,QWHUIDFH 'DWD 6WUXFWXUH æ å ä ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè L1 êðåè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV $33/,&$7,21 ,1)250$7,21 7DEOH ëåã 7UDQVPLW 5HWXUQ /RVV õëïíéå 0ELWîV¤/RQJð+DXOô +LJK 5HWXUQ /RVV &RQILJXUDWLRQ 127( 7KLV DSSOLFDWLRQ LQIRUPDWLRQ LV IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\ï (&éðì ;IUPUî 5W 5ORDG õΩô &O õS)ô 5HWXUQ /RVV õG%ô ìííì ìãëî ìè Ω ìëí í ìä éæí ëå ìãìïèêî ìè Ω æè í ìå éæí ëå 7DEOH ëç VKRZV WKH VSHFLILFDWLRQ IRU WUDQVPLW UHWXUQ ORVV LQ (ì DSSOLFDWLRQVï õ7KH *ïæíêî&+ 377 VSHFLILFDWLRQ LV D 6ZLVV 7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV 0LQLVWU\ VSHFLILFDWLRQïô 7DEOHV ëæ WKURXJK êí VKRZ WKH WUDQVPLW UHWXUQ ORVV YDOXHV IRU (ì VKRUWð DQG ORQJðKDXO DQG 7ì DSSOLFDWLRQVï 7DEOH êæ VKRZV WKH UHFHLYH UHWXUQ ORVV YDOXHVï 7DEOH ëäã 7UDQVPLW 5HWXUQ /RVV õëïíéå 0ELWîV¤/RQJð+DXOô 7DEOH ëçã (ì 7UDQVPLW 5HWXUQ /RVV 5HTXLUHPHQWV )UHTXHQF\ %DQG 5HWXUQ /RVV (76 êíí ìçç *ïæíêî&+ 377 èìðìíë N+] ç G% å G% ìíëðëíéå N+] å G% ìé G% ëíéå ð êíæë N+] å G% ìí G% (&éðì ;IUPUî 5W 5ORDG õΩô &O õS)ô 5HWXUQ /RVV õG%ô ìíìí ìãëî äïì Ω ìëí í ìë éæí ìê í ìç éæí ìå æè 7DEOH ëæã 7UDQVPLW 5HWXUQ /RVV õëïíéå 0ELWîV¤6KRUWð+DXOô 7DEOH êíã 7UDQVPLW 5HWXUQ /RVV õìïèéé 0ELWîV¤/RQJð RU 6KRUWð+DXOô (&éðì ;IUPUî5W 5ORDG õΩô &O õS)ô 5HWXUQ /RVV õG%ô (&éðì ;IUPUî5W 5ORDG õΩô &O õS)ô 5HWXUQ /RVV õG%ô ìííí ìãëî äïì Ω æè í ìé ìãëîäïì Ω ìíí í ìç éæí ìç éæí ìæ í ìë 5HIHU WR 7DEOH ìë í ë G% éæí ìê í ìê éæí ë G% éæí ìç ìëí ìãëïêî äïì Ω ìëí ì ìãìïìè î íΩ ìíí ìï $ ìãìïìè WUDQVPLW WUDQVIRUPHU NHHSV WKH WRWDO WUDQVFHLYHU SRZHU GLVð VLSDWLRQ DW D ORZ OHYHOñ D íïéæ µ) '& EORFNLQJ FDSDFLWRU PXVW EH SODFHG RQ 77,3 RU 75,1*ï 7DEOH êìã 7UDQVIRUPHU 6SHFLILFDWLRQV IRU /;7êçíî/;7êçì 7[î5[ )UHTXHQF\ 0+] 7XUQV 5DWLR 3ULPDU\ ,QGXFWDQFH µ+ õPLQLPXPô /HDNDJH ,QGXFWDQFH µ+ õPD[ô ,QWHUZLQGLQJ &DSDFLWDQFH S) õPD[ô '&5 Ω õPD[LPXPô 7[ ìïèéé ìãìïìè çíí íïåí çí ëïíéå ìãëïê çíí íïåí çí ìïèééîëïíéå ìãë çíí íïåí çí ìïèééîëïíéå ìãì çíí ìïìí çí íïäí SUL ìïæí VHF íïæí SUL ìïëí VHF íïæí SUL ìïëí VHF ìïìí SUL ìïìí VHF 5[ 'LHOHFWULFì %UHDNGRZQ 9 õPLQLPXPô ìèíí 9506 ìèíí 9506ë ìèíí 9506ë ìèíí 9506ë ìï 6RPH (76, DSSOLFDWLRQV PD\ UHTXLUH D ëïê N9 GLHOHFWULF EUHDNGRZQ YROWDJHï ëï 6RPH DSSOLFDWLRQV UHTXLUH WUDQVIRUPHUV ZLWK FHQWHU WDS õ/RQJð+DXO DSSOLFDWLRQV ZLWK '& FXUUHQW LQ WKH (ìî7ì ORRSôï êðåç L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH êëã 5HFRPPHQGHG 7UDQVIRUPHUV IRU /;7êçíî/;7êçì 7[î5[ 7XUQV 5DWLR 3DUW 1XPEHU 7[ ìãìïèê 3(ðçåççê ìãìïìè 3(ðçèêåå 0DQXIDFWXUHU ì 3XOVH (QJLQHHULQJ ë 3(ðçèææí ìãë ìç=èäèë 9LWHF 3(ðçèêèì 3XOVH (QJLQHHULQJ ê é 3(ðçèææì íèèêðèííçð,& %HOOð)XVH çç=ðìêíå )LOð0DJ çæìðèåêë 0LGFRP çæìëæêæí 6FKRWW &RUS è 7'çìðìëíè' +$/2 õFRPELQDWLRQ 7[î5[ VHWô æ 7*ëçðìëíè1, +$/2 õVXUIDFH PRXQW GXDO WUDQVIRUPHU ì&7ãë&7 ÷ ì&7ãë&7ô å 7*éåðìëíè1, +$/2 õVXUIDFH PRXQW GXDO WUDQVIRUPHU ì&7ãë&7 ÷ ìãìô ä çæìêíåèí 5[ ìç=èäéç 9LWHF ìãëïê 3(ðçèèèå 3XOVH (QJLQHHULQJ ìãì )( åííçðìèè )LOð0DJ çæìðèæäë 0LGFRP 3(ðçéäêç 3XOVH (QJLQHHULQJ ìë 6FKRWW &RUS ìê +$/2 õFRPELQDWLRQ 7[î5[ VHWô ìé ìí ìì 3(ðçèææå çæìêíåéí çæìíäèìí 7'çìðìëíè' ìç=èäêç 9LWHF ìè ìç=èäêé L1 êðåæ /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 127( )LJXUH ìê VKRZV D W\SLFDO /;7êçí DSSOLFDWLRQ LQ HLWKHU RU 7ì RU (ì HQYLURQPHQWï 6HH 7DEOHV ëæ WKURXJK êì WR VHOHFW WKH WUDQVIRUPHUV õ7ì DQG 7ëôñ UHVLVWRUV õ5W DQG 5Oô DQG FDSDFLWRUV õ&Oô QHHGHG IRU WKLV DSSOLFDWLRQï 127( ,I WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ LQFOXGHV VXUJH SURWHFWLRQñ VXFK DV D YDULVWRU RU VLGDFWRU RQ WKH 77,3î75,1* OLQHVñ LW PD\ DOVR UHTXLUH UHGXFLQJ WKH YDOXH RI WKH FDSDFLWRU &/ RU HOLPLQDWLQJ LW FRPSOHWHO\ï ([FHVVLYH FDSDFLWDQFH DW &/ ZLOO GLVWRUW WKH WUDQVPLWWHG VLJQDOVï )LJXUH ìêã 7\SLFDO 7ìî(ì /;7êçí +DUGZDUH 0RGH $SSOLFDWLRQ ëïíéå0+]î ìïèéé 0+] 7$26 0&/. //223 7&/. 7&/. 7326 7326 71(* 71(* 5/223 (&ë (&ê 02'( 7ìî(ì )UDPHU (&é 7567( 5&/. 5&/. 5326 5326 51(* 51(* /26 1/223 -$6(/ /;7êçí 77,3 íïì µ) 9&& 7*1' 7ìì 5Wì &/ì 75,1* 5Wì 57,3 79&& çå µ) )URP &026 &RQWURO /RJLF (&ì 5/ë 55,1* ìãì *1' 127(6 ìï 6HH 7DEOHV ëçðêí IRU &/ ÷ 5Wî7UDQVIRUPHU VHOHFWLRQ ëï 5/ ìíí Ω IRU 7ðì 5/ ìëí Ω IRU(ðì î ìëí Ω WZLVWHG SDLU 5/ æè Ω IRU (ðì î æè Ω FRD[ êðåå L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 127( )LJXUH ìé VKRZV DQ DSSOLFDWLRQ XVLQJ WKH /;7êçí LQ LWV +RVW &RQWUROOHG 0RGHï 6HH 7DEOHV ëæ WKURXJK êì WR VHOHFW WKH WUDQVIRUPHUV õ7ì DQG 7ëôñ UHVLVWRUV õ5W DQG 5Oô DQG FDSDFLWRUV õ&Oô QHHGHG IRU WKLV DSSOLFDWLRQï 127( ,I WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ LQFOXGHV VXUJH SURWHFWLRQñ VXFK DV D YDULVWRU RU VLGDFWRU RQ WKH 77,3î75,1* OLQHVñ LW PD\ DOVR UHTXLUH UHGXFLQJ WKH YDOXH RI WKH FDSDFLWRU &/ RU HOLPLQDWLQJ LW FRPSOHWHO\ï ([FHVVLYH FDSDFLWDQFH DW &/ ZLOO GLVWRUW WKH WUDQVPLWWHG VLJQDOVï ëë NΩ ,17 &/.( 7&/. 7&/. 7326 7326 71(* òè 9 7ìî(ì )UDPHU 5&/. 6&/. 6'2 02'( 7567( 6', 51(* 51(* 79&& å ä ìæ /;7êçí 77,3 7ìì ìí 5Wì &/ì /26 1/223 7R +RVW ìì 5&/. 5326 æ &6 71(* 5326 75,1* ìì 5Wì ìë 57,3 9&& íïì µ) çå µ) 5/ë 7*1' *1' ìê 55,1* ìãì 127(6 ìï 6HH 7DEOHV ëçðêí IRU &/ ÷ 5Wî7UDQVIRUPHU VHOHFWLRQ ëï 5/ ìíí Ω IRU 7ðì 5/ ìëí Ω IRU(ðì î ìëí Ω WZLVWHG SDLU 5/ æè Ω IRU (ðì î æè Ω FRD[ L1 ê è 9&& 0&/. ë é )LJXUH ìéã 7\SLFDO 7ìî(ì /;7êçí +RVW 0RGH $SSOLFDWLRQ ëïíéå 0+]î ìïèéé 0+] ì êðåä ìé ìè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 127( )LJXUH ìè VKRZV DQ DSSOLFDWLRQ XVLQJ WKH /;7êçìï 6HH 7DEOHV ëæ WKURXJK êì WR VHOHFW WKH WUDQVIRUPHUV õ7ì DQG 7ëôñ UHVLVWRUV õ5W DQG 5Oô DQG FDSDFLWRUV õ&Oô QHHGHG IRU WKLV DSSOLFDWLRQï 127( ,I WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ LQFOXGHV VXUJH SURWHFWLRQñ VXFK DV D YDULVWRU RU VLGDFWRU RQ WKH 77,3î75,1* OLQHVñ LW PD\ DOVR UHTXLUH UHGXFLQJ WKH YDOXH RI WKH FDSDFLWRU &/ RU HOLPLQDWLQJ LW FRPSOHWHO\ï )LJXUH ìèã 7\SLFDO 7ìî(ì /;7êçì $SSOLFDWLRQ 9&& ëë NΩ ëïíéå 0+]î ìïèéé 0+] 0&/. ,17 $/(î$6 7ìî(ì )UDPHU 7&/. 7&/. 7326 7326 71(* 71(* 5&/. 5&/. 5326 5326 51(* 51(* 5'î'6 &6 $'íðæ /;7êçì 77,3 íïì µ) 7ìì 5Wì &/ì 79&& 9&& µ3 õ,QWHO RU 0RWRURODô :5î5î: 75,1* 5Wì 57,3 çå µ) 7*1' 5/ë *1' 55,1* ìãì 127(6 ìï 6HH 7DEOHV ëçðêí IRU &/ ÷ 5Wî7UDQVIRUPHU VHOHFWLRQ ëï 5/ ìíí Ω IRU 7ðì 5/ ìëí Ω IRU(ðì î ìëí Ω WZLVWHG SDLU 5/ æè Ω IRU (ðì î æè Ω FRD[ êðäí L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7(67 63(&,),&$7,216 127( 7KH PLQLPXP DQG PD[LPXP YDOXHV LQ 7DEOHV êê WR éè DQG )LJXUHV ìç WKURXJK ëç UHSUHVHQW WKH SHUIRUPDQFH VSFLILFDWLRQV RI WKH /;7êçí DQG /;7êçì DQG DUH JXDUDQWHHG E\ WHVWñ H[FHSW ZKHUH QRWHG E\ GHVLJQï ì ë 7DEOH êêã $EVROXWH 0D[LPXP 5DWLQJV 3DUDPHWHU 6\P 0LQ 0D[ 8QLWV 9&&ñ 79&& ¤ çïí 9 ,QSXW YROWDJHñ DQ\ SLQ ì 9,1 *1' ðíïê 9 9&& ò íïê 9 9 ,QSXW FXUUHQWñ DQ\ SLQ ë ,,1 ð ìí ìí P$ 767* ðçè ìèí ƒ& '& VXSSO\ õUHIHUHQFH WR *1'ô 6WRUDJH 7HPSHUDWXUH ê é è &$87,21 2SHUDWLRQ DW WKHVH OLPLWV PD\ SHUPDQHQWO\ GDPDJH WKH GHYLFHï 1RUPDO RSHUDWLRQ DW WKHVH H[WUHPHV QRW JXDUDQWHHGï ìï 79&& DQG 9&& PXVW QRW GLIIHU E\ PRUH WKDQ íïê 9 GXULQJ RSHUDWLRQï 7*1' DQG *1' PXVW QRW GLIIHU E\ PRUH WKDQ íïê 9 GXULQJ RSHUDWLRQï ëï 7UDQVLHQW FXUUHQWV RI XS WR ìíí P$ ZLOO QRW FDXVH 6&5 ODWFKðXSï 77,3ñ 75,1*ñ 79&&ñ DQG 7*1' FDQ ZLWKVWDQG FRQWLQXRXV FXUUHQWV RI XS WR ìíí P$ï å 7DEOH êéã 2SHUDWLQJ &RQGLWLRQVî&KDUDFWHULVWLFV 3DUDPHWHU '& 6XSSO\ ë $PELHQW RSHUDWLQJ WHPSHUDWXUH 7RWDO 3RZHU 'LVVLSDWLRQê 7ì 6KRUW +DXO /RQJ +DXO (ì 6KRUW +DXOî /RQJ +DXO æ 6\P 0LQ 7\Sì 0D[ 8QLWV 9&&ñ 79&& éïæè èïí èïëè 9 7$ ðéí ¤ åè ƒ& 3' ¤ êìí êåí P: ìííø PDUN GHQVLW\ 3' ¤ ëëè ëäè P: èíø PDUN GHQVLW\ 3' ¤ ëéè êëè P: ìííø PDUN GHQVLW\ 3' ¤ ìäè ëçè P: èíø PDUN GHQVLW\ 3' ¤ ëæè êêí P: ìííø PDUN GHQVLW\ 3' ¤ ëìè ëæí P: èíø PDUN GHQVLW\ 7HVW &RQGLWLRQV ä ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ& DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï ëï 79&& DQG 9&& PXVW QRW GLIIHU E\ PRUH WKDQ íïê 9ï êï 3RZHU GLVVLSDWLRQ ZKLOH GULYLQJ æè Ω ORDG RYHU RSHUDWLQJ UDQJH IRU 7ì RSHUDWLRQ RU çí Ω ORDG IRU (ì RSHUDWLRQï ,QFOXGHV SRZHU GLVVLSDWLRQ RQ GHð YLFH DQG ORDGï 'LJLWDO OHYHOV DUH ZLWKLQ ìíø RI WKH VXSSO\ UDLOV DQG GLJLWDO RXWSXWV GULYLQJ D èí S) FDSDFLWLYH ORDGï ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè L1 êðäì /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH êèã /;7êçí 'LJLWDO &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ7D ðéí WR åè ƒ&ñ 9ò èïí 9 ‘ èøñ *1' í 9ô 3DUDPHWHU 6\P 0LQ 7\S 0D[ 8QLWV +LJK OHYHO LQSXW YROWDJH ìñë õSLQV ìðéñ ìæñ ëêðëèôé 9,+ ëïí ¤ ¤ 9 /RZ OHYHO LQSXW YROWDJH ìñë õSLQV ìðéñ ìæñ ëêðëèôé 9,/ ¤ ¤ íïå 9 +LJK OHYHO RXWSXW YROWDJH ìñë õSLQV çðåñ ìíñ ìëñ ëêñ ëèôé 92+ ëïé ¤ ¤ 9 ,287 éíí µ$ /RZ OHYHO RXWSXW YROWDJH ìñë õSLQV çðåñ ìíñ ìëñ ëêñ ëèôé 92/ ¤ ¤ íïé 9 ,287 ìïç P$ +LJK OHYHO LQSXW YROWDJH ê õSLQV èñ äñ ììñ ëçðëåôé 9,+ êïè ¤ ¤ 9 0LGUDQJH LQSXW YROWDJH ê õSLQV èñ äñ ììñ ëçðëåôé 9,0 ëïê ¤ ëïæ 9 9,/ 9,/ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ íïå ìïè 9 9 ,QSXW OHDNDJH FXUUHQW ,// í ¤ ‘èí µ$ 7KUHHðVWDWH OHDNDJH FXUUHQW ì õDOO RXWSXWVô ,ê/ í ¤ ‘ìí µ$ 77,3î75,1* OHDNDJH FXUUHQW õSLQV ìêñ ìçôé ,75 ¤ ¤ ‘ìïë P$ /RZ OHYHO LQSXW YROWDJH ê õSLQV èñ äñ ììñ ëçðëåôé +RVW 0RGH +î: 0RGH 7HVW &RQGLWLRQV LQ ,GOH DQG 3RZHU 'RZQ ìï )XQFWLRQDOLW\ RI SLQ ëê DQG ëè GHSHQGV RQ PRGHï 6HH +RVW 0RGH DQG +DUGZDUH 0RGH GHVFULSWLRQ ëï 2XWSXW GULYHUV ZLOO RXWSXW &026 ORJLF OHYHOV LQWR &026 ORDGVï êï $V DQ DOWHUQDWLYH WR VXSSO\LQJ ëïê ð ëïæ 9 WR WKHVH SLQVñ WKH\ PD\ EH OHIW RSHQï éï 5HIHUHQFHG SLQ QXPEHUV DUH IRU WKH 1( DQG 3( SDFNDJHV RQO\ï 5HIHU WR WKH GLDJUDP RQ SDJH ë IRU WKH DSSURSULDWH /;7êçí4( SLQ DVVLJQPHQWVï 7DEOH êçã /;7êçì 'LJLWDO &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ7D ðéí WR åè ƒ&ñ 9ò èïí 9 ‘ èøñ *1' í 9ô 3DUDPHWHU 6\P 0LQ 7\S 0D[ 8QLWV 7HVW &RQGLWLRQV +LJK OHYHO LQSXW YROWDJH ìñë õSLQV ìðèñ äðìëñ ìæñ ëêðëåôê 9,+ ëïí ¤ ¤ 9 /RZ OHYHO LQSXW YROWDJH ìñë õSLQV ìðèñ äðìëñ ìæñ ëêðëåôê 9,/ ¤ ¤ íïå 9 +LJK OHYHO RXWSXW YROWDJH ìñë õSLQV çðåñ ìíñ ììñëêñ ëåôê 92+ ëïé ¤ ¤ 9 ,287 éíí µ$ /RZ OHYHO RXWSXW YROWDJH ìñë õSLQV çðåñ ìíñ ììñëêñ ëåôê 92/ ¤ ¤ íïé 9 ,287 ìïç P$ ,QSXW OHDNDJH FXUUHQW ,// ¤ ¤ ‘èí µ$ ìï )XQFWLRQDOLW\ RI SLQV ëê DQG ëè GHSHQGV RQ PRGHï 6HH +RVW 0RGH GHVFULSWLRQï ëï 2XWSXW GULYHUV ZLOO RXWSXW &026 ORJLF OHYHOV LQWR &026 ORDGVï êï 5HIHUHQFHG SLQ QXPEHUV DUH IRU WKH 1( DQG 3( SDFNDJHV RQO\ï 5HIHU WR WKH GLDJUDP RQ SDJH ë IRU WKH DSSURSULDWH /;7êçí4( SLQ DVVLJQPHQWVï êðäë L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH êæã $QDORJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ7D ðéí WR åè ƒ&ñ 9ò èïí 9 ‘ èøñ *1' í 9ô 0LQ 7\Sì 0D[ 8QLWV 5HFRPPHQGHG RXWSXW ORDG RQ 77,3î75,1* èí ¤ ëíí Ω $0, 2XWSXW 3XOVH $PSOLWXGHV '6;ðìñ '6ì ëïé êïí êïç 9 5/ ìíí Ω &(37 õ,78ô ëïæ êïí êïê 9 5/ ìëí Ω ìí +] ð å N+] ê ¤ ¤ íïíë 8, å N+] ð éí N+] ê ¤ ¤ íïíëè 8, ìí +] ð éí N+]ê ¤ ¤ íïíëè 8, %URDG %DQG ¤ ¤ íïíè 8, 0RGH ì õ(&ì ìô õ7ì /RQJð+DXOô í ¤ ëç G% 0RGH ë õ(&ì íô õ7ì /RQJð+DXOô í ¤ êç G% 0RGH ê õ(&é ìô õ7ì 6KRUWð+DXOô í ¤ ìêïç G% 0RGH ì õ(&éðì ìíííô õ(ì 6KRUWð+DXOîìë G%ô í ¤ ìêïç G% 0RGH ë õ(&éðì ìííì RU (&éðì ìíìíô õ(ì /RQJð+DXOîéê G%ô í ¤ éê G% 3DUDPHWHU -LWWHU DGGHG E\ WKH WUDQVPLWWHUë 5HFHLYHU VHQVLWLYLW\ # ææë N+] õ7ìô 5HFHLYHU 6HQVLWLYLW\ # ìíëé N+] õ(ì OLQH ORVVô ìçí ìæè ìäí ¤ $OORZDEOH FRQVHFXWLYH ]HURV EHIRUH /26 õ(ìô ¤ êë ¤ ¤ ìí N+] ð ìíí N+] íïé ¤ ¤ 8, ì +] ê ìêå ¤ ¤ 8, ìí N+] ð ìíí N+] íïë ¤ ¤ 8, ì +] ê êæ ¤ ¤ 8, ¤ ê ¤ +] èì N+] ð ìíë N+] ¤ ëë ¤ G% ìíë N+] ð ëïíéå 0+] ¤ ëå ¤ G% ëïíéå 0+] ð êïíæë 0+] ¤ êí ¤ G% ,QSXW MLWWHU WROHUDQFH õ(ìô -LWWHU DWWHQXDWLRQ FXUYH FRUQHU IUHTXHQF\ é 5HFHLYH 5HWXUQ /RVV õ(ìô ë ê é 6HH 7DEOH ìë IRU *DLQ 6HWWLQJ è æ å ìí í G% OLQH $7÷7 3XE çëéìì ìì í G% OLQH ,78 õ*ïåëêô ìë VHOHFWDEOH LQ GDWD SRUW ìê ìé ìè ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ& DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï ëï ,QSXW VLJQDO WR 7&/. LV MLWWHUðIUHHï 7KH -LWWHU $WWHQXDWRU LV LQ WKH UHFHLYH SDWK RU GLVDEOHGï êï *XDUDQWHHG E\ FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQâ QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï éï &LUFXLW DWWHQXDWHV MLWWHU DW ëí G%îGHFDGH DERYH WKH FRUQHU IUHTXHQF\ï L1 ì ä $OORZDEOH FRQVHFXWLYH ]HURV EHIRUH /26 õ7ìô ,QSXW MLWWHU WROHUDQFH õ7ìô 7HVW &RQGLWLRQV êðäê /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV )LJXUH ìçã ëïíéå 0+] (ì 3XOVH õ6HH 7DEOH êåô ìííø ëíø ëíø 9 ìíø ìíø ëçä QV õëééòëèô ìäé QV õëééð èíô 120,1$/ 38/6( èíø ëéé QV ëíø ìíø ìíø íø ìíø ìíø ëìä QV õëééðëèô éåå QV õëééòëééô 7DEOH êåã ëïíéå 0+] (ì 3XOVH 0DVN 6SHFLILFDWLRQV 3DUDPHWHU 7:3 &RD[ 8QLW 7HVW ORDG LPSHGDQFH ìëí æè Ω 1RPLQDO SHDN PDUN YROWDJH êïí ëïêæ 9 1RPLQDO SHDN VSDFH YROWDJH í ‘íïêí í ‘íïëêæ 9 ëéé ëéé QV 5DWLR RI SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH SXOVH DPSOLWXGHV DW FHQWHU RI SXOVH äèðìíè äèðìíè ø 5DWLR RI SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH SXOVH DPSOLWXGHV DW QRPLQDO KDOI DPSOLWXGH äèðìíè äèðìíè ø 1RPLQDO SXOVH ZLGWK êðäé L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV )LJXUH ìæã ìïèéé 0+] 7ì 3XOVH õ'6ì DQG '6;ðìô õ6HH 7DEOH êäô ìïè ìïè 1RUPDOL]HG $PSOLWXGH 1RUPDOL]HG $PSOLWXGH ì ìïí ìïí '6ì '6;ðì ë íïè íïè íïè ðíïè íïí ìïí ìïè 7LPH íïè ðíïè íïí ìïí ìïè 7LPH õLQ 8QLW ,QWHUYDOVô õLQ 8QLW ,QWHUYDOVô ðíïè ðíïè é 7DEOH êäã ìïèéé 0+] 7ì 3XOVH 0DVN &RUQHU 3RLQW 6SHFLILFDWLRQV '6ì 7HPSODWH õSHU $16, 7ìï éíêðìääèô 0LQLPXP &XUYH '6;ðì 7HPSODWH õSHU $16, 7ìï ìíëðìääêô 0D[LPXP &XUYH 0LQLPXP &XUYH ê 0D[LPXP &XUYH 7LPH õ8,ô $PSOLWXGH 7LPH õ8,ô $PSOLWXGH 7LPH õ8,ô $PSOLWXGH 7LPH õ8,ô $PSOLWXGH ðíïææ ðíïíè ðíïææ íïíè ðíïææ ðíïíè ðíïææ íïíè ðíïëê ðíïíè ðíïêä íïíè ðíïëê ðíïíè ðíïêä íïíè ðíïëê íïèí ðíïëæ íïåí ðíïëê íïèí ðíïëæ íïåí ðíïìè íïäí ðíïëæ ìïëí ðíïìè íïäè ðíïëæ ìïìè íïí íïäè ðíïìë ìïëí íïí íïäè ðíïìë ìïìè íïìè íïäí íïí ìïíè íïìè íïäí íïí ìïíè íïëê íïèí íïëæ ìïíè íïëê íïèí íïëæ ìïíè íïëê ðíïéè íïêé ðíïíè íïëê ðíïéè íïêè ðíïíæ íïéç ðíïéè íïææ íïíè íïéç ðíïéè íïäê íïíè íïçì ðíïëç ìïìç íïíè íïçç ðíïëí ìïìç íïíè íïäê ðíïíè íïäê ðíïíè ìïìç ðíïíè ìïìç ðíïíè è æ å ä ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè L1 êðäè /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH éíã 0DVWHU DQG 7UDQVPLW &ORFN 7LPLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ7ì 2SHUDWLRQô õ)LJXUH ìåô 6\P 0LQ 7\Sì 0D[ 8QLWV 1RWHV 0DVWHU FORFN IUHTXHQF\ 0&/. ¤ ìïèéé ¤ 0+] PXVW EH VXSSOLHG 0DVWHU FORFN WROHUDQFH 0&/.W ¤ ‘êë ¤ SSP 0DVWHU FORFN GXW\ F\FOH 0&/.G éí ¤ çí ø 7UDQVPLW FORFN IUHTXHQF\ 7&/. ¤ ìïèéé ¤ 0+] 7UDQVPLW FORFN WROHUDQFH 7&/.W ¤ ¤ ‘ìíí SSP 7UDQVPLW FORFN GXW\ F\FOH 7&/.G ìí ¤ äí ø 7326î71(* WR 7&/. VHWXS WLPH W687 èí ¤ ¤ QV 7&/. WR 7326î71(* KROG WLPH W+7 èí ¤ ¤ QV 3DUDPHWHU ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ& DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï 7DEOH éìã 0DVWHU DQG 7UDQVPLW &ORFN 7LPLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ(ì 2SHUDWLRQô õ)LJXUH ìåô 6\P 0LQ 7\Sì 0D[ 8QLWV 1RWHV 0DVWHU FORFN IUHTXHQF\ 0&/. ¤ ëïíéå ¤ 0+] PXVW EH VXSSOLHG 0DVWHU FORFN WROHUDQFH 0&/.W ¤ ‘êë ¤ SSP 0DVWHU FORFN GXW\ F\FOH 0&/.G éí ¤ çí ø 7UDQVPLW FORFN IUHTXHQF\ 7&/. ¤ ëïíéå ¤ 0+] 7UDQVPLW FORFN WROHUDQFH 7&/.W ¤ ¤ ‘ìíí SSP 7UDQVPLW FORFN GXW\ F\FOH 7&/.G ìí ¤ äí ø 7326î71(* WR 7&/. VHWXS WLPH W687 èí ¤ ¤ QV 7&/. WR 7326î71(* KROG WLPH W+7 èí ¤ ¤ QV 3DUDPHWHU ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ& DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï )LJXUH ìåã 7UDQVPLW &ORFN 7LPLQJ êðäç L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH éëã 5HFHLYH 7LPLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV IRU 7ì 2SHUDWLRQ õ6HH )LJXUH ìäô 6\P 0LQ 7\Sì 0D[ 8QLWV 5HFHLYH FORFN GXW\ F\FOH ëñ ê 5/&.G éí èí çí ø 5HFHLYH FORFN SXOVH ZLGWK ëñ ê W3: ¤ çéå ¤ QV 5HFHLYH FORFN SXOVH ZLGWK KLJK W3:+ ¤ êëé ¤ QV 5HFHLYH FORFN SXOVH ZLGWK ORZìñê W3:/ ëçí êëé êåå QV 5326î51(* WR 5&/. ULVLQJ WLPH W685 ¤ ëæé ¤ QV 5&/. ULVLQJ WR 5326î51(* KROG WLPH W+5 ¤ ëæé ¤ QV 3DUDPHWHU ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ& DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï ëï 5&/. GXW\ F\FOH ZLGWKV ZLOO YDU\ DFFRUGLQJ WR H[WHQW RI UHFHLYHG SXOVH MLWWHU GLVSODFHPHQWï 0D[ DQG 0LQ 5&/. GXW\ F\FOHV DUH IRU ZRUVW FDVH MLWð WHU FRQGLWLRQVï êï :RUVW FDVH FRQGLWLRQV JXDUDQWHHG E\ GHVLJQ RQO\ï ì ë ê é è 7DEOH éêã 5HFHLYH 7LPLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV IRU (ì 2SHUDWLRQ õ6HH )LJXUH ìäô 6\P 0LQ 7\Sì 0D[ 8QLWV 5HFHLYH FORFN GXW\ F\FOH ëñ ê 5/&.G éí èí çí ø 5HFHLYH FORFN SXOVH ZLGWK ëñ ê W3: ¤ éåå ¤ QV 5HFHLYH FORFN SXOVH ZLGWK KLJK W3:+ ¤ ëéé ¤ QV 5HFHLYH FORFN SXOVH ZLGWK ORZìñê W3:/ ìäè ëéé ëäê QV 5326î51(* WR 5&/. ULVLQJ WLPH W685 ¤ ìäé ¤ QV 5&/. ULVLQJ WR 5326î51(* KROG WLPH W+5 ¤ ìäé ¤ QV 3DUDPHWHU ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ& DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï ëï 5&/. GXW\ F\FOH ZLGWKV ZLOO YDU\ DFFRUGLQJ WR H[WHQW RI UHFHLYHG SXOVH MLWWHU GLVSODFHPHQWï 0D[ DQG 0LQ 5&/. GXW\ F\FOHV DUH IRU ZRUVW FDVH MLWð WHU FRQGLWLRQV õíïé 8, FORFN GLVSODFHPHQW IRU ìïèéé 0+]ïô êï :RUVW FDVH FRQGLWLRQV JXDUDQWHHG E\ GHVLJQ RQO\ï æ å ä ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè L1 êðäæ /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV )LJXUH ìäã 5HFHLYH &ORFN 7LPLQJ 7DEOH ééã /;7êçí 6HULDO ,î2 7LPLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ6HH )LJXUHV ëí DQG ëìô 6\P 0LQ 7\Sì 0D[ 8QLWV 5LVHîIDOO WLPH¥DQ\ GLJLWDO RXWSXW W5) ¤ ¤ ìíí QV 6', WR 6&/. VHWXS WLPH W'& èí ¤ ¤ QV 6&/. WR 6', KROG WLPH W&'+ èí ¤ ¤ QV 6&/. ORZ WLPH W&/ ëéí ¤ ¤ QV 6&/. KLJK WLPH W&+ ëéí ¤ ¤ QV W5ñ W) ¤ ¤ èí QV CS IDOOLQJ HGJH WR 6&/. ULVLQJ HGJH W&& èí ¤ ¤ QV /DVW 6&/. HGJH WR CS ULVLQJ HGJH W&&+ èí ¤ ¤ QV CS LQDFWLYH WLPH W&:+ ëèí ¤ ¤ QV 6&/. WR 6'2 YDOLG WLPH W&'9 ¤ ¤ ëíí QV 6&/. IDOOLQJ HGJH RU CS ULVLQJ HGJH WR 6'2 KLJKð= W&'= ¤ ìíí ¤ QV 3DUDPHWHU 6&/. ULVH DQG IDOO WLPH 3DUDPHWHU /RDG ìïç P$ñ èí S) ìï 7\SLFDO ILJXUHV DUH DW ëè ƒ& DQG DUH IRU GHVLJQ DLG RQO\â QRW JXDUDQWHHG DQG QRW VXEMHFW WR SURGXFWLRQ WHVWLQJï êðäå L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV )LJXUH ëíã /;7êçí 6HULDO 'DWD ,QSXW 7LPLQJ 'LDJUDP ì ë ê é è )LJXUH ëìã /;7êçí 6HULDO 'DWD 2XWSXW 7LPLQJ 'LDJUDP &/.( í ì ë ê é è ç æ å ä ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè ìç 6&/. &6 6'2 &/.( í ì ì ë ê é è ç æ å ì ä ë ìí é ê ìì ìë è ìê ìé ç W&'= ìè W&&+ æ å ìç 6&/. &6 6'2 í ì ë ê é è W&'= ç æ ä W&&+ æ ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè L1 êðää /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH éèã /;7êçì ëí 0+] ,QWHO %XV 3DUDOOHO ,î2 7LPLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ6HH )LJXUH ëëô 3DUDPHWHU 6\P 0LQ 0D[ 8QLWV $/( SXOVH ZLGWK 7/+// êè ¤ QV $GGUHVV YDOLG WR $/( IDOOLQJ HGJH 7$9// ìí ¤ QV $/( IDOOLQJ HGJH WR DGGUHVV KROG WLPH 7//$; ìí ¤ QV $/( IDOOLQJ HGJH WR RD IDOOLQJ HGJH 7//5/ ìí ¤ QV $/( IDOOLQJ HGJH WR WR IDOOLQJ HGJH 7//:/ ìí ¤ QV CS IDOOLQJ HGJH WR RD IDOOLQJ HGJH 7&/5/ ìí ¤ QV CS IDOOLQJ HGJH WR WR IDOOLQJ HGJH 7&/:/ ìí ¤ QV RD ORZ SXOVH ZLGWK 75/5+ äè ¤ QV RD IDOOLQJ HGJH WR GDWD YDOLG 75/'9 ìí èè QV 'DWD KROG WLPH DIWHU RD ULVLQJ HGJH 75+'; è êè QV RD ULVLQJ HGJH WR $/( ULVLQJ HGJH 75+/+ ìè ¤ QV RD ULVLQJ HGJH WR DGGUHVV YDOLG 75+$9 êè ¤ QV &6 ORZ KROG WLPH DIWHU RD ULVLQJ HGJH 75+&+ í ¤ QV WR ORZ SXOVH ZLGWK 7:/:+ äè ¤ QV 'DWD VHWXS WLPH EHIRUH WR ULVLQJ HGJH 7'9:+ éí ¤ QV 'DWD KROG WLPH DIWHU WR ULVLQJ HGJH 7:+'; êí ¤ QV WR ULVLQJ HGJH WR $/( ULVLQJ HGJH 7:+/+ ìè ¤ QV &6 ORZ KROG WLPH DIWHU WR ULVLQJ HGJH 7:+&+ ìè ¤ QV 7HVW &RQGLWLRQV )LJXUH ëëã /;7êçì ,î2 7LPLQJ 'LDJUDP IRU ,QWHO $GGUHVVî'DWD %XV 7&/:/ 7&/5/ CS $/( 7/+// 7//$; 7:+&+ 75+&+ 7//5/ 7//:/ 75+/+ 7:+/+ 7$9// 75/5+ RD $'íðæB5 75/'9 75+'; 7:/:+ WR 75+$9 7'9:+ 7:+'; $'íðæB: êðìíí L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 7DEOH éçã /;7êçì ìçïæå 0+] 0RWRUROD %XV 3DUDOOHO ,î2 7LPLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV õ6HH )LJXUH ëêô 3DUDPHWHU 6\PERO 0LQ 0D[ 8QLWV DS ULVLQJ HGJH WR AS ULVLQJ HGJH 7'6+$6+ ìè ¤ QV AS KLJK SXOVH ZLGWK 7$6+$6/ êè ¤ QV $GGUHVV YDOLG VHWXS WLPH DW AS IDOOLQJ HGJH 7$9$6/ ìí ¤ QV AS IDOOLQJ HGJH WR $GGUHVV YDOLG KROG WLPH 7$6/$; ìí ¤ QV AS IDOOLQJ HGJH WR DS IDOOLQJ HGJH 7$6/'6/ ëí ¤ QV CS IDOOLQJ HGJH WR DS IDOOLQJ HGJH 7&6/'6/ ìí ¤ QV DS ORZ SXOVH ZLGWK 7'6/'6+ äè ¤ QV DS IDOOLQJ HGJH WR GDWD YDOLG 7'6/'9 ìí èè QV 'DWD KROG WLPH DIWHU DS ULVLQJ HGJH 7'6+'; è êè QV 5îW IDOOLQJ HGJH WR DS IDOOLQJ HGJH 75:/'6/ ìí ¤ QV 'DWD VHWXS WLPH EHIRUH DS ULVLQJ HGJH 7'9'6+ éí ¤ QV 'DWD KROG WLPH DIWHU DS ULVLQJ HGJH 7';'6+ êí ¤ QV 5îW ORZ KROG WLPH DIWHU DS ULVLQJ HGJH 7'6+5:+ ìè ¤ QV CS ORZ KROG WLPH DIWHU DS ULVLQJ HGJH 7'6+&6+ ìè ¤ QV 7HVW &RQGLWLRQV ë ê é è æ )LJXUH ëêã /;7êçì ,î2 7LPLQJ 'LDJUDP IRU 0RWRUROD $GGUHVVî'DWD %XV 7&6/'6/ CS AS DS 7$6+$6/ 7$9$6/ å 7'6+&6+ 7$6/'6/ 7$6/$; ä 7'6+$6+ 7'6/'6+ 75:/'6/ ìí 7';'6+ 7'9'6+ 7'6+5:+ ìì R/W_Read AD0-7_Read ì 7'6/'9 7'6+'; R/W_Write ìë ìê AD0-7_Write ìé ìè L1 êðìíì /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV )LJXUH ëéã -LWWHU 7ROHUDQFH õ7\SLFDOô 7\SLFDO 7ì -LWWHU 7ROHUDQFH # êç G% ìííí 8, -LWWHU èíí 8, # ìí +] /;7êçíî/;7êçì'HYLFH 7\SLFDO -LWWHU 7ROHUDQFH /RRS 0RGH ìêå 8, ìíí 8, 3XE çëéìì ëå 8, 'HF ìääí ìí 8, íïç 8, # ìí N+] ì 8, íïé 8, ïì 8, ì +] ìí +] ìíí +] ì N+] )UHTXHQF\ ìí N+] ìíí N+] 7\SLFDO (ì -LWWHU 7ROHUDQFH # éê G% êðìíë L1 /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV )LJXUH ëèã (ì -LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ õ7\SLFDOô ì ë ê é è æ )LJXUH ëçã 7ì -LWWHU $WWHQXDWLRQ õ7\SLFDOô å ä ìí ìì ìë ìê ìé ìè L1 êðìíê /;7êçíîêçì ,QWHJUDWHG 7ìî(ì /+î6+ 7UDQVFHLYHUV 127(6 êðìíé L1