NJM3545 UNIVERSAL SINK DRIVER ■ GENERAL DESCRIPTION ■ PACKAGE OUTLINE NJM3545 is a bipolar universal high-current highly protected low side driver with transparent input and 2000mA continuous -current sink capability. A high-level input activates the output. The driver is equipped with extensive electrical protection; such as over current protection and thermal protection, which makes the device virtually indestructible. Furthermore it can detect open circuit and short circuit to ground. A special feature is the Error indicating output function pin which signals to the host system if the protection or the load check functions is activated. The NJM3545 and NJM3548 are complementary drivers and have similar data. NJM3545TA2 ■ FEATURES • 2000mA continuous-output current • Short circuit to VCC protection • Error signal to host system • Open circuit detection • Short circuit to ground detection • Thermal protection • Built-in protection diodes • Package TO-220 (5-pin) ■ BLOCK DIAGRAM Supply NJM3545 To logic Voltage reference Output Input Thermal protection Q S R Error Short-circuit to Vcc protection Short-circuit to GND detection Open circuit detection GND Figure 1. Block Diagram NJM3545 NJM3545TA2 ■ PIN CONFIGURATION 5 4 3 2 1 Input Error GND Output Supply Figure 2. Pin description ■ PIN DESCRIPTION TO-220 Symbol Description 1 Supply Supply voltage. Nominally 5 V to 40 V. 2 Output 3 GND Ground supply. 4 Error diode are bonded to a separate pin. Error indicating pin. Sinks current to ground if the protection and/or detection circuitry is activated. Note: the current must be externally limited to 8 mA. 5 Input TTL compatible input. A LOW input signal turns the output transistor off and a HIGH input turns it on. Output pin. Current flows from supply through the load into the pin. Nominal current is 8 mA to 2 A. Output voltage Output voltage NJM3545 Active output Vcc 100% Vcc Overload or short circuit to Vcc Error Normal operation 3.5 V Undefined area 70% Vcc Short circuit protection Normal operation Undefined area Open circuit 2.1 V Undefined area Undefined area 0.6 V 0.2 V NJM3545 Inactive output Undefined area 50% Vcc Short circuit to GND Error Short circuit to GND error IOMIN I OS (min 0.5 mA, max 8 mA) (min 2 A, max 4.5 A) Output current Figure 3. Error state vs. output voltage and output current, active output (2.0 ≤ VIN ≤ VCC), 5 V < VCC < 40 V, - 40°C <TJ < +100°C 0% Vcc Figure 4. Error state vs. output voltage, inactive output (0 V ≤ VIN ≤ 0.8 V), 5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 40 V, - 40°C < TJ < +100°C NJM3545 ■ FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The circuit NJM3545 is a low side driver capable of driving resistive or inductive loads not exceeding 2 A. The driver has an error indicating function which generates an Error output signal when a fault condition has occurred. The circuits NJM3545 and NJM3548 are complementary drivers with equivalent functions and similar data. NJM3545 is a sink driver and NJM3548 is a source driver. Input stage The output stage is switched on and off according to the status of the input. HIGH level activates the output. If the input is left open, the circuit will accept it as a LOW level. Output stage The output stage contains a power transistor and two clamping diodes. The diodes are used for terminating line transients from inductive loads. If the driver is inactive and the output is shorted to GND the driver will leak maximum 8 µA. See figure 18. Protection circuit The circuit contains two protection circuits: • Overload and Short circuit protection • Thermal protection The overload and short circuit protection will be activated at Iout= 3.5 A typically at TJ= +25°C, see figure 20. The output will be turned off immediately and latched to a high-impedance state after an overload or short circuit has been detected. 1 I Ref CC 2 5 Output Input GND 3 GND 3 Figure 5. Input stage Fault condition Input Figure 6. Output stage Output Error How to resume normal operation LOW=Error HIGH=Normal Normal 0 LOW 1 OFF 1 HIGH VOUT Short to GND 1 0 HIGH LOW 0 ON 1 OFF 1 HIGH 0 LOW —— Remove fault condition. VOUT Short to VCC 1 0 HIGH LOW 0 ON 1 OFF 0 LOW 1 HIGH Remove fault condition. —— Open load 1 0 HIGH LOW 1 OFF 1 OFF 0 LOW 1 HIGH Turn off and on after fault condition is removed. —— Over temperature 1 0 HIGH LOW 0 ON 1 OFF 0 LOW 1 HIGH Attach proper load to output or turn off the driver. —— TJ=130 °C 1 HIGH 1 OFF 0 Temperature is reduced to approx 120°C, or turn off the driver. Figure 7. Error table LOW —— NJM3545 A logic-level change at the input will reset the internal error latch. If the fault still is present at turn-on, the circuit will once again turn the output off. Due to a slight delay in the circuit, a high current transient will occur when the output is shorted to Vcc. This current transient may reach 8 A during 5 µs. Consequently, switching at high frequencies with a shorted output may destroy the circuit. If a short circuit condition is detected, stop switching the input and remove fault condition. Thermal protection The output of NJM3545 is equipped with a thermal shut-down function, that turns the outputs off at a chip (junction) tenperature above typically 130°C. Normal operation is resumed when the temperature has decreased about 20C. Error functions The Error indicating signal occurs on a separate pin. The complete error table is shown in figure 7. The following conditions generate an error signal: When the driver is activated and at least one of the following conditions has occurred: • thermal overload • short circuit to GND • short circuit to VCC • open circuit An output current less than 8 mA might be detected as “open circuit”. Output currents larger than 8 mA and less than 2 A will definitely not generate an error. The normal operational area is shown in figure 3. Also when the driver is inactivated an Error indication can occur. That is if the output is shorted to GND. In figure 4 short circuit to GND Error state versus output voltage is shown. When the Error-detection function is activated, the Error output is capable of sinking 8 mA, supporting direct connection of an LED. The current has to be externally limited by a series resistor. Signal diagrams The signal diagram in figure 8 shows the input signal and the resulting output signals for each error mode. For details, see error table, figure 7. VIN = Input voltage. Active = HIGH. VOUT = Output voltage. IOUT = Output current from driver. VERR = Error output voltage. Error = LOW. VIN VOUT * I OUT VErr >130° <120° Normal operation Figure 8. Signal diagram Overload or Short circuit Open circuit Over short circuit to GND Undefined temperature level * NJM3545 ■ ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Parameter Pin no. Symbol Voltage Supply voltage Logic input voltage 1 5 VCC VIN 0 -0.3 45 VCC V V Current Logic input current Continuous DC Operation output current TO-220 Error output current 5 2 4 IIN IOUT IERR -10 - 2000 10 mA mA mA Temperature Operating junction temperature (internally limited) Storage temperature TJ TS -40 +140 +150 °C °C Power Dissipation (Package Data) Power dissipation at TCase = 85°C, TO-220 package PD - 11 W 2000 - V ESD ESD tolerance (Note 2) Min Max Unit ■ RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Supply voltage VCC 4.75 - 40 Output current TO-220 IOUT - - 2000 Operating junction temperature Tj -40 - +100 °C Error output current IErr - 5 8 mA ON Supply voltage I CC High Input level I OUT I OS NJM3545 Load VCC I OMIN I OL I IN I IH I IL Output 90 % Output voltage 50 % Input 10 % t of + VIH VIL 50 % Low Supply VIN V mA I Err t phl C1 Fault Detector Error High GND Input level OFF 50 % Low VSAT Err VCE SAT VCC VCC Output voltage 90 % 50 % 10 % t or t plh Figure 9. Definition of symbols Figure 10. Timing diagram, input vs. output. VCC = 24V NJM3545 ■ ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS At 5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 40 V, -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +100°C. Typical values are given at VCC = 24 V, TJ = 25°C Parameter Symbol General Supply current Thermal shutdown ICC TJS Logic input High level input voltage Low level input voltage High level input current Low level input current VIH VIL IIH IIH Outputs Error output saturation voltage VErr SAT Output saturation voltage VCE SAT Output current shutdown IOS Output current IOMIN (not detected as open circuit) Output leakage current IOL Clamping diode forward voltage Timing Propagation time Output high to low (50%), Output low to high (50%), Rise time (10 to 90%), Fall time (90 to 10%), Conditions Max Uni 4 +130 7 - mA °C 2.0 ≤ VIN ≤ VCC 0 ≤ VIN ≤ 0.8 2.0 -0.3 -400 9 - VCC 0.8 20 - V V µA µA IErr = 5 mA IOUT = 2 A 2.0 ≤ VIN ≤ VCC 2.0 ≤ VIN ≤ VCC 2.0 0.5 0.2 1.4 3.2 2 1 1.8 4.5 8 V V A mA 0 V≤ VIN ≤0.8 V. Output = 0 V IF = 2.0 A -8 - -6 1.5 -2 1.8 µA V - 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 3.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 µs µs µs µs Max Unit 0 ≤ VIN ≤ 0.8 Min Typ 1.5 - IOUT = 2 A tphl tplh tor tof ■ THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Thermal resistance Symbol Conditions Min Typ Rth j-c TO-220 package, junction to case - 5 - °C/W Rth J-A TO-220 package, junction to ambient - 60 - °C/W Notes: 1. Currents are defined positive if flowing into, and negative if flowing out of a terminal. Voltages are defined between terminal and ground. 2. ESD testing according to Human Body Model (CZap = 100 pF, RZap = 1500 Ω) NJM3545 ■ APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Important application areas are: • Programmable logic control systems • Relay control • Hydraulic valves • Intelligent interfaces between microprocessors and loads • Robot techniques • Print head drivers • High-current stepper motor drivers Transient protection 1. Keep VCC and GND leads as short as possible. 2. Connect a filter capacitor close to the circuit. Recommended filter capacitor between VCC and GND is 6.8 µF, of tantalum type. A ceramic capacitor in parallel will improve high frequency decoupling. Typical values range from 0.002 µF to 0.1 µF. In an application having a highly stable supply and short power leads to the driver a low leakage electrolytic type can be used, which is less expensive. 3. Connect Input and Error via pull-up resistors to the appropriate logic supply level or VCC to obtain highest noise immunity. See figure 11. The resistor R1 limits the current into the Error indicating pin. This current must not exceed 8 mA. R2 is a pull-up resistor which improves noise immunity at the Input. Pull-up current should not exceed the sinking capacity of the controlling device output. 4. If several supply voltages are to be used, prefere a supply having separate ground leads. In this case the logic ground and the power ground should be connected together at only one point, the ground pin of the driver. Switch mode applications The internal diodes are normally sufficient for clamping of transients caused by inductive load turn off. External diodes may be necessary in PWM/switch mode applications, and when the terminals are externally accessible and thereby exposed to an electrically noisy environment. Recommended diodes are BYV27/100, BYV98/100, UF4001 or similar types with a trr < 100 ns and IF ≥ 1 A. Error indication signal When the circuit is switched on/off, a short pulse (tErr <10 µS for resistive loads) is generated at the Error output. This is a correct detection of an incorrect level during the rise and fall times of the output voltage. Consequently the Error output should not be detected when switching on and off. An alternative is to low-pass filter at the Error output at around 100 kHz. Heat sinking NJM3545N is packaged in a 5-pin TO 220 power package. The circuit GND is connected to the heat sink tab. External heatsinking is achieved by mounting the package to a heat sink. NJM3545 Supply voltage +45 V max. +5V R1 Load Vcc R 2 5 kΩ NJM3545 To logic 5 Voltage reference 1 2 Output Input TTL, LS-TTL, CMOS Thermal protection + µP, controller Q S R 4 Error Short-circuit to Vcc protection 6.8µF Short-circuit to GND detection Open circuit detection 3 GND Figure 11. Typical application. Pin numbers refer to TO 220 package Maximum allowable power dissipation [W] TO 220 Package 6 5 b c 4 * 3 a 2 1 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 Temperature [°C] 100 120 140 a. Ambient temperature. No heatsink. Rth J-A =60°C/W. b. Mounted on heatsink. Rth J-A =20°C/W @ 4W. c. Case temperature. Rth J-C =5°C/W. Figure 12. Maximum allowable power dissipation. TO 220 package NJM3545 ■ TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS I cc (mA) I F (A) 10 I IN (µ A) 2.0 20 -40°C < T J < 100°C T J = 25°C -40°C < T J < 100°C 1.6 16 6 1.2 12 4 0.8 8 2 0.4 4 0 913032 8 0 10 20 30 40 Vcc (V) 50 0 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 0 2.0 Figure 13. Current consumption vs. supply voltage at 0 V ≤ Vin ≤ 0.8 V (Inactive output) 0.5 I OUT (A) 20 5 1.5 2.0 2.5 Figure 15. Input current vs. input voltage 5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 40 V I OL (µ A) -20 T J == 25°C T J = 25°C 1.0 VIN (V) Figure 14. Diode forward voltage drop vs. forward current I ERR (mA) 4 -16 12 3 -12 8 2 -8 4 1 -4 16 0 VF (V) -40°C < T J < 100°C 0 0 4 2 6 8 10 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 0 2.4 0 10 Figure 16. Error output saturation voltage vs. error current. VCC = 24 V PDIS (W) 20 30 VCC (V) VCE SAT (V) VERR (V) Figure 17. Output saturation voltage vs. output current. 5 V < VCC < 40 V 40 50 Figure 18. Output leakage current vs supply voltage. 0 V ≤ VIN ≤ 0.8 V Output = 0 V I OS (A) 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 I OUT (A) 2.0 2.5 3.0 Figure 19. Power dissipation vs. output current 913042 0 913041 1 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 TJ (°C) 60 80 100 120 Figure 20. Typical output current shut-down vs. chip temperature. 5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 40 V The specifications on this databook are only given for information , without any guarantee as regards either mistakes or omissions. The application circuits in this databook are described only to show representative usages of the product and not intended for the guarantee or permission of any right including the industrial rights.