RFMD RF2484

RF2484
Preliminary
5
DIRECT QUADRATURE MODULATOR
Typical Applications
• Dual-Band CDMA Base Stations
• W-CDMA Base Stations
• TDMA/TDMA-EDGE Base Stations
• WLAN and WLL Systems
• GSM-EDGE/EGSM Base Stations
• GMSK,QPSK,DQPSK,QAM Modulation
Product Description
1
2
0.45
0.28
3.75
0.75
0.50
3.75
ü
Si BJT
Si Bi-CMOS
GaAs HBT
GaAs MESFET
SiGe HBT
Si CMOS
1
+
5
1.60 4.00
12°
1.50 SQ
INDEX AREA 3
3.20
0.75
0.65
4.00
1.00
0.90
0.05
0.00
NOTES:
1 Shaded Pin is Lead 1.
2
Dimensions in mm.
Dimension applies to plated terminal and is measured between
0.10 mm and 0.25 mm from terminal tip.
The terminal #1 identifier and terminal numbering convention
3 shall conform to JESD 95-1 SPP-012. Details of terminal #1
identifier are optional, but must be located within the zone
indicated. The identifier may be either a mold or marked
feature.
4
5
Optimum Technology Matching® Applied
0.80
TYP
MODULATORS AND
UPCONVERTERS
The RF2484 is a monolithic integrated quadrature modulator IC capable of universal direct modulation for highfrequency AM, PM, or compound carriers. This low-cost
IC features excellent linearity, noise floor, and over-temperature carrier suppression performance. The device
implements differential amplifiers for the modulation
inputs, 90° carrier phase shift network, carrier limiting
amplifiers, two matched double-balanced mixers, summing amplifier, and an output RF amplifier which will drive
50Ω from 800MHz to 2500MHz. It is packaged in a small
industry-standard LCC 16-pin plastic package.
Pins 1 and 9 are fused.
Package Warpage: 0.05 max.
Package Style: LCC, 16-Pin
Features
GND
QREF
IREF
ISIG
QSIG
• Typical Carrier Suppression>35dBc,
1
16
15
14
13
GND 2
12 GND
Σ
GND 3
11 GND
Sideband Suppression>35dBc over
temperature with highly linear operation
• Noise Floor better than -152dBm/Hz
from 800MHz to 2200MHz
• Single 5V Power Supply
-45°
+45°
5
6
7
8
9
VCC
PD
RF OUT
GND
10 VCC
GND
LO 4
Functional Block Diagram
Rev A2 010829
Ordering Information
RF2484
RF2484 PCBA
Direct Quadrature Modulator
Fully Assembled Evaluation Board
RF Micro Devices, Inc.
7625 Thorndike Road
Greensboro, NC 27409, USA
Tel (336) 664 1233
Fax (336) 664 0454
http://www.rfmd.com
5-29
RF2484
Preliminary
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Supply Voltage
Input LO and RF Levels
Operating Ambient Temperature
Storage Temperature
Parameter
Rating
Unit
-0.5 to +7.5
+10
-40 to +85
-40 to +150
VDC
dBm
°C
°C
Specification
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Caution! ESD sensitive device.
RF Micro Devices believes the furnished information is correct and accurate
at the time of this printing. However, RF Micro Devices reserves the right to
make changes to its products without notice. RF Micro Devices does not
assume responsibility for the use of the described product(s).
Unit
T=25°C, VCC =5V, VREF =4.1V; I and Q
driven single-ended
LO Input
MODULATORS AND
UPCONVERTERS
5
Frequency Range
Power Level
Input Impedance
Condition
800
-6
2500
+6
45-j95
52-j54
58-j50
63-j40
MHz
dBm
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
At 880MHz
At 1960MHz
At 2140MHz
At 2400MHz
Modulation Input
Frequency Range
Reference Voltage (VREF)
Input Resistance
Input Bias Current
DC
250
4.1
30
40
MHz
V
kΩ
µA
RF Output (880MHz)
CDMA Output Channel Power
-12
dBm
CDMA ACPR
-72
dBc
Carrier Suppression
50
dBc
Carrier Suppression
over Temperature
Sideband Suppression
35
dBc
50
dBc
35
dBc
Sideband Suppression
over Temperature
Broadband Noise Floor
EVM
Phase Error
Rho
Output Impedance
-152.5
dBm/Hz
2.3
1
.9993
28-j72
%
° RMS
PCS CDMA Output Power
-13
dBm
PCS CDMA ACPR
-72
dBc
Carrier Suppression
50
dBc
Carrier Suppression
over Temperature
Sideband Suppression
35
dBc
50
dBc
35
dBc
5-30
See Test Setup for detailed information
See Test Setup for detailed information
See Test Setup for detailed information
Ω
RF Output (1960MHz)
Sideband Suppression
over Temperature
LO= -5dBm at 880MHz; Single sideband
testing unless otherwise noted
For ACPR =-72dBc; I&Q Amplitude=1.1VPP
(single-ended)
Channel Power=-12dBm; see Test Setup for
detailed information
T=25°C; POUT =-10dBm; optimized I,Q DC
offsets
Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C
after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-10dBm
T=25°C; POUT =-10dBm; optimized I,Q
amplitude and phase balance
Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C
after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-10dBm
At 20MHz offset, 30kHz res BW, VCC =5V;
ISIG, QSIG, IREF, and QREF tied to VREF
LO=-5dBm at 1960MHz; Single sideband
testing unless otherwise noted
For ACPR =-72dBc; I&Q Amplitude=1.2VPP
(single-ended)
Channel Power=-13dBm; see Test Setup for
detailed information
T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm; optimized I,Q DC
offsets
Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C
after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm
T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm; optimized I,Q
amplitude and phase balance
Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C
after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm
Rev A2 010829
RF2484
Preliminary
Specification
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Broadband Noise Floor
-154.5
dBm/Hz
EVM
Phase Error
Rho
Output Impedance
2.3
1
.9988
46-j22
%
° RMS
Parameter
Condition
RF Output (1960MHz)
cont’d
Ω
W-CDMA Output Channel Power
-16
dBm
W-CDMA ACPR
-60
dBc
Carrier Suppression
50
dBc
Carrier Suppression
over Temperature
Sideband Suppression
35
dBc
50
dBc
35
dBc
Broadband Noise Floor
EVM
Phase Error
Rho
Output Impedance
-152
dBm/Hz
5.9
2.4
.9961
58-j16
%
° RMS
LO= -5dBm at 2140MHz; Single sideband
testing unless otherwise noted
For ACPR=-60dBc; I&Q Amplitude=1.4VPP
(single-ended)
Channel Power=-16dBm; see Test Setup for
detailed information
T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm; optimized I,Q DC
offsets
Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C
after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm
T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm; optimized I,Q
amplitude and phase balance
Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C
after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm
At 20MHz offset, 30kHz res BW, VCC =5V;
ISIG, QSIG, IREF, and QREF tied to VREF
See Test Setup for detailed information
See Test Setup for detailed information
See Test Setup for detailed information
Ω
Power Down
Turn On/Off Time
PD Input Resistance
Power Control “ON”
Power Control “OFF”
100
50
2.8
1.0
1.2
ns
kΩ
V
V
Threshold voltage
Threshold voltage
Power Supply
Voltage
5.0
4.5
Current
Rev A2 010829
66
6.0
70
25
V
V
mA
µA
Specifications
Operating Limits
Power Down
5-31
5
MODULATORS AND
UPCONVERTERS
RF Output (2140MHz)
Sideband Suppression
over Temperature
At 20MHz offset, 30kHz res BW, VCC =5V;
ISIG, QSIG, IREF, and QREF tied to VREF
See Test Setup for detailed information
See Test Setup for detailed information
See Test Setup for detailed information
RF2484
Pin
1
Function
GND
2
3
4
GND
GND
LO
5
6
GND
VCC
7
PD
MODULATORS AND
UPCONVERTERS
5
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
RF OUT
GND
VCC
GND
GND
Q SIG
I SIG
I REF
Preliminary
Description
Same as pin 1.
The input of the phase shifting network. This pin has an internal DC
blocking capacitor. This port is voltage-driven so matching at different
frequencies is generally not required.
Same as pin 1.
Power supply. An external capacitor is needed if no other low frequency
bypass capacitor is nearby.
Power Down control. When this pin is "low," all circuits are shut off. A
"low" is typically 1.2V or less at room temperature.When this pin is
"high" (VCC), all circuits are operating normally. If PD is below VCC, output power and performance will be degraded. Operating in this region
is not recommended, although it might be useful in some applications
where power control is required.
RF Output. This pin has an internal DC blocking capacitor. At some frequencies, external matching may be needed to optimize output power.
A small amount of DC current may be present at this output. As a
result, if the voltage at this pin is measured using a high impedance
probe, some DC voltage may be observed at this output.
LO
VCC
200 Ω
PD
RF OUT
Same as pin 1.
Same as pin 6.
Same as pin 1.
Same as pin 1.
Baseband input to the Q mixer. This pin is DC coupled. The input drive
level determines output power and linearity performance; for better carrier suppression, sideband suppression, and dynamic range, the drive
level should be as high as possible to meet the required linearity performance. The recommended DC level for this pin is 4.1V.
For optimum carrier suppression, the DC voltages on I REF, Q REF, I
SIG and Q SIG should be adjusted slightly to compensate for inherent
undesired internal DC offsets; for optimum sideband suppression,
phase and signal amplitude on IREF, Q REF, I SIG and Q SIG should
be adjusted slightly to compensate for inherent undesired internal offsets. See RFMD AN0001 for more detail.
Baseband input to the I mixer. This pin is DC coupled. The input drive
level determines output power and linearity performance; for better carrier suppression, sideband suppression, and dynamic range, the drive
level should be as high as possible to meet the required linearity performance. The recommended DC level for this pin is 4.1V; see pin 13 for
more information.
Reference voltage for the I mixer. This voltage should be the same as
the DC voltage supplied to the I SIG pin. A voltage of 4.1V is recommended; see pin 13 for more information.
The SIG and REF inputs are inputs of a differential amplifier. Therefore
the REF and SIG inputs are interchangeable. If swapping the I SIG and
I REF pins, the Q SIG and Q REF also need to be swapped to maintain
the correct phase. It is also possible to drive the SIG and REF inputs in
a differential mode. This will increase the gain.
5-32
Interface Schematic
Ground connection. This pin should be connected directly to the
ground plane.
Same as pin 1.
VCC
100 Ω
1p
VCC
100 Ω
1p
VCC
100 Ω
1p
Rev A2 010829
RF2484
Preliminary
Pin
16
Function
Q REF
Description
Reference voltage for the Q mixer. This voltage should be the same as
the DC voltage supplied to the Q SIG pin. A voltage of 4.1V is recommended; see pin 13 for more information.
Interface Schematic
VCC
100 Ω
1p
Pkg
Base
GND
Ground connection. The package base should be connected to the
ground plane.
MODULATORS AND
UPCONVERTERS
5
Rev A2 010829
5-33
RF2484
Preliminary
CDMA/W-CDMA Test Setup
Rohde & Schwarz
AMIQ 1110.2003.02
RF2484 DC Level Shift
Control Board
I SIG
Hewlett-Packard
8665B
Q SIG
Q REF
Rohde & Schwarz
FSIQ 1119.6001.26
LO IN
RF2484
Evaluation Board
5
MODULATORS AND
UPCONVERTERS
I REF
Hewlett-Packard
6624A
Agilent 66332A
VCC
RF OUT
VPD
Agilent 89441
Vector Signal Analyzer
General
CDMA Modulation Setup (Cellular and PCS)
The above setup was used to evaluate the RF2484
under CDMA and W-CDMA modulation conditions.
Due to test equipment limitations, a DC-level shifting
board was required to provide the appropriate DC reference voltage (4.1V) for the I and Q pins. I and Q
were driven single-endedly; differential drive may
improve performance. A PC-controlled Rohde &
Schwarz AMIQ generated the CDMA I and Q signals.
In order to reduce AMIQ noise contributions to adjacent channel power, W-CDMA baseband signals were
filtered using a high order low pass filter before application to the RF2484.
To measure ACPR, I and Q input signals were generated using the following settings:
EVM, Phase Error, and Rho
To measure EVM, phase error, and Rho, signals were
generated using the AMIQ and decoded with the Agilent VSA. For CDMA Cellular and PCS, I and Q input
signals were generated with the Pilot Channel active,
32x oversampling and base station equifilters. For WCDMA, the Common Pilot Channel was active with 8x
oversampling and a root cosine filter. In all cases, relative signal amplitude levels were adjusted to optimize
signal quality.
5-34
•
Pilot Channel active
•
Sync Channel active
•
Paging Channel active
•
6 Traffic Channels active
•
32x Oversampling
•
Base Station equifilter
W-CDMA Modulation Setup
To measure W-CDMA ACPR, I and Q input signals
were generated using the following settings in the
AMIQ:
•
P-CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) active
•
P-SCH (Sync Channel) active
•
P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical
Channel) active
•
P-ICH (Page Indicator Channel) Active
•
DL-DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel)
active
•
6 DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channels) active
•
8x Oversampling
Rev A2 010829
RF2484
Preliminary
Application Schematic
3 pF
100 nF
IREF
ISIG
QREF
QSIG
3 pF
100 nF
1
16
15
14
2
13
12
Σ
LO
11
-45°
+45°
4
3 pF
100 nF
5
6
VCC
10
7
8
9
100 nF
5
100 nF
MODULATORS AND
UPCONVERTERS
3
VCC
PD
Rev A2 010829
RF OUT
5-35
RF2484
Preliminary
Evaluation Board Schematic
(Download Bill of Materials from www.rfmd.com.)
P1
NOTES:
1. R1 is installed for non-independent control of I and Q
reference voltages.
R1a gives independent control of reference voltages.
2. Components with * following the reference designator
should not be populated on the evaluation board.
P1-1
P2
1
VCC
2
GND
3
GND
P2-1
P2-3
CON3
1
VREF/QREF
2
GND
3
IREF
CON3
R1a*
0Ω
J3
ISIG
IREF
R1
0Ω
C5
3 pF
C6
100 nF
J4
QSIG
5
VREF/QREF
MODULATORS AND
UPCONVERTERS
C7
3 pF
C8
100 nF
1
16
15
14
2
U1
13
12
Σ
3
J2
LO
11
-45°
+45°
4
5
6
10
7
8
9
VCC
C3
3 pF
C4
100 nF
2484400-
J1
RFOUT
VCC
C1
3 pF
5-36
C2
100 nF
Rev A2 010829
RF2484
Preliminary
Evaluation Board Layout
Board Size 2.0" x 2.0"
Board Thickness 0.028”, Board Material FR-4
MODULATORS AND
UPCONVERTERS
5
Rev A2 010829
5-37
RF2484
Preliminary
RF2484 Cellular CDMA Spectra at Various Output Levels
(ACPR @ 885kHz, Vcc = 5.0V, Vref = 4.1V, T = 25°C)
-20
-20
-30
-30
5
-40
-50
CP = -10.6 dBm;
ACPR = -70 dBc
-60
CP = -12.0 dBm;
ACPR = -72 dBc
-70
CP = -14.7 dBm;
ACPR = -73 dBc
CP = -12.9 dBm;
ACPR = -72 dBc
-60
-90
-90
878.5
879
879.5
880
880.5
881
881.5
882
CP = -14.3 dBm;
ACPR = -73 dBc
-70
-80
878
CP = -11.1 dBm;
ACPR = -71 dBc
-50
-80
-100
877.5
MODULATORS AND
UPCONVERTERS
CP = -9.5 dBm;
ACPR = -68 dBc
Note: Below ~-90dBm,
test setup noise inhibits accurate
ACP measurement.
Power (dBm)
Power (dBm)
-40
RF2484 PCS CDMA Spectra at Various Output Levels
(ACPR @ 885 kHz, Vcc = 5.0V, Vref = 4.1V, T = 25°C)
-100
1957.5 1958 1958.5 1959 1959.5 1960 1960.5 1961 1961.5 1962 1962.5
882.5
Frequency (MHz)
Frequency (MHz)
RF2484 Output Power versus I, Q Input Voltage Level
(Vcc = 5.0V, Vref = 4.1V, T = 25°C, Single Sideband)
5
-5
-10
Output Channel Power (dBm)
SSB Output Power (dBm)
0
-5
-10
880 MHz
1960 MHz
-15
-15
-20
880 MHz CDMA Signal
1960 MHz CDMA Signal
2140 MHz W-CDMA Signal
-25
2140 MHz
-20
-30
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
I, Q Input Voltage Level (mVp)
5-38
RF2484 Output Channel Power vs I, Q Input Voltage Level
(Vcc = 5.0V, Vref = 4.1V, T = 25°C, CDMA/W-CDMA Mod.)
1400
1600
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
I, Q Input Voltage Level (mVpp)
Rev A2 010829