RF2484 Preliminary 5 DIRECT QUADRATURE MODULATOR Typical Applications • Dual-Band CDMA Base Stations • W-CDMA Base Stations • TDMA/TDMA-EDGE Base Stations • WLAN and WLL Systems • GSM-EDGE/EGSM Base Stations • GMSK,QPSK,DQPSK,QAM Modulation Product Description 1 2 0.45 0.28 3.75 0.75 0.50 3.75 ü Si BJT Si Bi-CMOS GaAs HBT GaAs MESFET SiGe HBT Si CMOS 1 + 5 1.60 4.00 12° 1.50 SQ INDEX AREA 3 3.20 0.75 0.65 4.00 1.00 0.90 0.05 0.00 NOTES: 1 Shaded Pin is Lead 1. 2 Dimensions in mm. Dimension applies to plated terminal and is measured between 0.10 mm and 0.25 mm from terminal tip. The terminal #1 identifier and terminal numbering convention 3 shall conform to JESD 95-1 SPP-012. Details of terminal #1 identifier are optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. The identifier may be either a mold or marked feature. 4 5 Optimum Technology Matching® Applied 0.80 TYP MODULATORS AND UPCONVERTERS The RF2484 is a monolithic integrated quadrature modulator IC capable of universal direct modulation for highfrequency AM, PM, or compound carriers. This low-cost IC features excellent linearity, noise floor, and over-temperature carrier suppression performance. The device implements differential amplifiers for the modulation inputs, 90° carrier phase shift network, carrier limiting amplifiers, two matched double-balanced mixers, summing amplifier, and an output RF amplifier which will drive 50Ω from 800MHz to 2500MHz. It is packaged in a small industry-standard LCC 16-pin plastic package. Pins 1 and 9 are fused. Package Warpage: 0.05 max. Package Style: LCC, 16-Pin Features GND QREF IREF ISIG QSIG • Typical Carrier Suppression>35dBc, 1 16 15 14 13 GND 2 12 GND Σ GND 3 11 GND Sideband Suppression>35dBc over temperature with highly linear operation • Noise Floor better than -152dBm/Hz from 800MHz to 2200MHz • Single 5V Power Supply -45° +45° 5 6 7 8 9 VCC PD RF OUT GND 10 VCC GND LO 4 Functional Block Diagram Rev A2 010829 Ordering Information RF2484 RF2484 PCBA Direct Quadrature Modulator Fully Assembled Evaluation Board RF Micro Devices, Inc. 7625 Thorndike Road Greensboro, NC 27409, USA Tel (336) 664 1233 Fax (336) 664 0454 http://www.rfmd.com 5-29 RF2484 Preliminary Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Supply Voltage Input LO and RF Levels Operating Ambient Temperature Storage Temperature Parameter Rating Unit -0.5 to +7.5 +10 -40 to +85 -40 to +150 VDC dBm °C °C Specification Min. Typ. Max. Caution! ESD sensitive device. RF Micro Devices believes the furnished information is correct and accurate at the time of this printing. However, RF Micro Devices reserves the right to make changes to its products without notice. RF Micro Devices does not assume responsibility for the use of the described product(s). Unit T=25°C, VCC =5V, VREF =4.1V; I and Q driven single-ended LO Input MODULATORS AND UPCONVERTERS 5 Frequency Range Power Level Input Impedance Condition 800 -6 2500 +6 45-j95 52-j54 58-j50 63-j40 MHz dBm Ω Ω Ω Ω At 880MHz At 1960MHz At 2140MHz At 2400MHz Modulation Input Frequency Range Reference Voltage (VREF) Input Resistance Input Bias Current DC 250 4.1 30 40 MHz V kΩ µA RF Output (880MHz) CDMA Output Channel Power -12 dBm CDMA ACPR -72 dBc Carrier Suppression 50 dBc Carrier Suppression over Temperature Sideband Suppression 35 dBc 50 dBc 35 dBc Sideband Suppression over Temperature Broadband Noise Floor EVM Phase Error Rho Output Impedance -152.5 dBm/Hz 2.3 1 .9993 28-j72 % ° RMS PCS CDMA Output Power -13 dBm PCS CDMA ACPR -72 dBc Carrier Suppression 50 dBc Carrier Suppression over Temperature Sideband Suppression 35 dBc 50 dBc 35 dBc 5-30 See Test Setup for detailed information See Test Setup for detailed information See Test Setup for detailed information Ω RF Output (1960MHz) Sideband Suppression over Temperature LO= -5dBm at 880MHz; Single sideband testing unless otherwise noted For ACPR =-72dBc; I&Q Amplitude=1.1VPP (single-ended) Channel Power=-12dBm; see Test Setup for detailed information T=25°C; POUT =-10dBm; optimized I,Q DC offsets Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-10dBm T=25°C; POUT =-10dBm; optimized I,Q amplitude and phase balance Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-10dBm At 20MHz offset, 30kHz res BW, VCC =5V; ISIG, QSIG, IREF, and QREF tied to VREF LO=-5dBm at 1960MHz; Single sideband testing unless otherwise noted For ACPR =-72dBc; I&Q Amplitude=1.2VPP (single-ended) Channel Power=-13dBm; see Test Setup for detailed information T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm; optimized I,Q DC offsets Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm; optimized I,Q amplitude and phase balance Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm Rev A2 010829 RF2484 Preliminary Specification Min. Typ. Max. Unit Broadband Noise Floor -154.5 dBm/Hz EVM Phase Error Rho Output Impedance 2.3 1 .9988 46-j22 % ° RMS Parameter Condition RF Output (1960MHz) cont’d Ω W-CDMA Output Channel Power -16 dBm W-CDMA ACPR -60 dBc Carrier Suppression 50 dBc Carrier Suppression over Temperature Sideband Suppression 35 dBc 50 dBc 35 dBc Broadband Noise Floor EVM Phase Error Rho Output Impedance -152 dBm/Hz 5.9 2.4 .9961 58-j16 % ° RMS LO= -5dBm at 2140MHz; Single sideband testing unless otherwise noted For ACPR=-60dBc; I&Q Amplitude=1.4VPP (single-ended) Channel Power=-16dBm; see Test Setup for detailed information T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm; optimized I,Q DC offsets Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm; optimized I,Q amplitude and phase balance Temperature cycled from -40°C to +85°C after optimization at T=25°C; POUT =-13dBm At 20MHz offset, 30kHz res BW, VCC =5V; ISIG, QSIG, IREF, and QREF tied to VREF See Test Setup for detailed information See Test Setup for detailed information See Test Setup for detailed information Ω Power Down Turn On/Off Time PD Input Resistance Power Control “ON” Power Control “OFF” 100 50 2.8 1.0 1.2 ns kΩ V V Threshold voltage Threshold voltage Power Supply Voltage 5.0 4.5 Current Rev A2 010829 66 6.0 70 25 V V mA µA Specifications Operating Limits Power Down 5-31 5 MODULATORS AND UPCONVERTERS RF Output (2140MHz) Sideband Suppression over Temperature At 20MHz offset, 30kHz res BW, VCC =5V; ISIG, QSIG, IREF, and QREF tied to VREF See Test Setup for detailed information See Test Setup for detailed information See Test Setup for detailed information RF2484 Pin 1 Function GND 2 3 4 GND GND LO 5 6 GND VCC 7 PD MODULATORS AND UPCONVERTERS 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 RF OUT GND VCC GND GND Q SIG I SIG I REF Preliminary Description Same as pin 1. The input of the phase shifting network. This pin has an internal DC blocking capacitor. This port is voltage-driven so matching at different frequencies is generally not required. Same as pin 1. Power supply. An external capacitor is needed if no other low frequency bypass capacitor is nearby. Power Down control. When this pin is "low," all circuits are shut off. A "low" is typically 1.2V or less at room temperature.When this pin is "high" (VCC), all circuits are operating normally. If PD is below VCC, output power and performance will be degraded. Operating in this region is not recommended, although it might be useful in some applications where power control is required. RF Output. This pin has an internal DC blocking capacitor. At some frequencies, external matching may be needed to optimize output power. A small amount of DC current may be present at this output. As a result, if the voltage at this pin is measured using a high impedance probe, some DC voltage may be observed at this output. LO VCC 200 Ω PD RF OUT Same as pin 1. Same as pin 6. Same as pin 1. Same as pin 1. Baseband input to the Q mixer. This pin is DC coupled. The input drive level determines output power and linearity performance; for better carrier suppression, sideband suppression, and dynamic range, the drive level should be as high as possible to meet the required linearity performance. The recommended DC level for this pin is 4.1V. For optimum carrier suppression, the DC voltages on I REF, Q REF, I SIG and Q SIG should be adjusted slightly to compensate for inherent undesired internal DC offsets; for optimum sideband suppression, phase and signal amplitude on IREF, Q REF, I SIG and Q SIG should be adjusted slightly to compensate for inherent undesired internal offsets. See RFMD AN0001 for more detail. Baseband input to the I mixer. This pin is DC coupled. The input drive level determines output power and linearity performance; for better carrier suppression, sideband suppression, and dynamic range, the drive level should be as high as possible to meet the required linearity performance. The recommended DC level for this pin is 4.1V; see pin 13 for more information. Reference voltage for the I mixer. This voltage should be the same as the DC voltage supplied to the I SIG pin. A voltage of 4.1V is recommended; see pin 13 for more information. The SIG and REF inputs are inputs of a differential amplifier. Therefore the REF and SIG inputs are interchangeable. If swapping the I SIG and I REF pins, the Q SIG and Q REF also need to be swapped to maintain the correct phase. It is also possible to drive the SIG and REF inputs in a differential mode. This will increase the gain. 5-32 Interface Schematic Ground connection. This pin should be connected directly to the ground plane. Same as pin 1. VCC 100 Ω 1p VCC 100 Ω 1p VCC 100 Ω 1p Rev A2 010829 RF2484 Preliminary Pin 16 Function Q REF Description Reference voltage for the Q mixer. This voltage should be the same as the DC voltage supplied to the Q SIG pin. A voltage of 4.1V is recommended; see pin 13 for more information. Interface Schematic VCC 100 Ω 1p Pkg Base GND Ground connection. The package base should be connected to the ground plane. MODULATORS AND UPCONVERTERS 5 Rev A2 010829 5-33 RF2484 Preliminary CDMA/W-CDMA Test Setup Rohde & Schwarz AMIQ 1110.2003.02 RF2484 DC Level Shift Control Board I SIG Hewlett-Packard 8665B Q SIG Q REF Rohde & Schwarz FSIQ 1119.6001.26 LO IN RF2484 Evaluation Board 5 MODULATORS AND UPCONVERTERS I REF Hewlett-Packard 6624A Agilent 66332A VCC RF OUT VPD Agilent 89441 Vector Signal Analyzer General CDMA Modulation Setup (Cellular and PCS) The above setup was used to evaluate the RF2484 under CDMA and W-CDMA modulation conditions. Due to test equipment limitations, a DC-level shifting board was required to provide the appropriate DC reference voltage (4.1V) for the I and Q pins. I and Q were driven single-endedly; differential drive may improve performance. A PC-controlled Rohde & Schwarz AMIQ generated the CDMA I and Q signals. In order to reduce AMIQ noise contributions to adjacent channel power, W-CDMA baseband signals were filtered using a high order low pass filter before application to the RF2484. To measure ACPR, I and Q input signals were generated using the following settings: EVM, Phase Error, and Rho To measure EVM, phase error, and Rho, signals were generated using the AMIQ and decoded with the Agilent VSA. For CDMA Cellular and PCS, I and Q input signals were generated with the Pilot Channel active, 32x oversampling and base station equifilters. For WCDMA, the Common Pilot Channel was active with 8x oversampling and a root cosine filter. In all cases, relative signal amplitude levels were adjusted to optimize signal quality. 5-34 • Pilot Channel active • Sync Channel active • Paging Channel active • 6 Traffic Channels active • 32x Oversampling • Base Station equifilter W-CDMA Modulation Setup To measure W-CDMA ACPR, I and Q input signals were generated using the following settings in the AMIQ: • P-CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) active • P-SCH (Sync Channel) active • P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel) active • P-ICH (Page Indicator Channel) Active • DL-DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) active • 6 DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channels) active • 8x Oversampling Rev A2 010829 RF2484 Preliminary Application Schematic 3 pF 100 nF IREF ISIG QREF QSIG 3 pF 100 nF 1 16 15 14 2 13 12 Σ LO 11 -45° +45° 4 3 pF 100 nF 5 6 VCC 10 7 8 9 100 nF 5 100 nF MODULATORS AND UPCONVERTERS 3 VCC PD Rev A2 010829 RF OUT 5-35 RF2484 Preliminary Evaluation Board Schematic (Download Bill of Materials from www.rfmd.com.) P1 NOTES: 1. R1 is installed for non-independent control of I and Q reference voltages. R1a gives independent control of reference voltages. 2. Components with * following the reference designator should not be populated on the evaluation board. P1-1 P2 1 VCC 2 GND 3 GND P2-1 P2-3 CON3 1 VREF/QREF 2 GND 3 IREF CON3 R1a* 0Ω J3 ISIG IREF R1 0Ω C5 3 pF C6 100 nF J4 QSIG 5 VREF/QREF MODULATORS AND UPCONVERTERS C7 3 pF C8 100 nF 1 16 15 14 2 U1 13 12 Σ 3 J2 LO 11 -45° +45° 4 5 6 10 7 8 9 VCC C3 3 pF C4 100 nF 2484400- J1 RFOUT VCC C1 3 pF 5-36 C2 100 nF Rev A2 010829 RF2484 Preliminary Evaluation Board Layout Board Size 2.0" x 2.0" Board Thickness 0.028”, Board Material FR-4 MODULATORS AND UPCONVERTERS 5 Rev A2 010829 5-37 RF2484 Preliminary RF2484 Cellular CDMA Spectra at Various Output Levels (ACPR @ 885kHz, Vcc = 5.0V, Vref = 4.1V, T = 25°C) -20 -20 -30 -30 5 -40 -50 CP = -10.6 dBm; ACPR = -70 dBc -60 CP = -12.0 dBm; ACPR = -72 dBc -70 CP = -14.7 dBm; ACPR = -73 dBc CP = -12.9 dBm; ACPR = -72 dBc -60 -90 -90 878.5 879 879.5 880 880.5 881 881.5 882 CP = -14.3 dBm; ACPR = -73 dBc -70 -80 878 CP = -11.1 dBm; ACPR = -71 dBc -50 -80 -100 877.5 MODULATORS AND UPCONVERTERS CP = -9.5 dBm; ACPR = -68 dBc Note: Below ~-90dBm, test setup noise inhibits accurate ACP measurement. Power (dBm) Power (dBm) -40 RF2484 PCS CDMA Spectra at Various Output Levels (ACPR @ 885 kHz, Vcc = 5.0V, Vref = 4.1V, T = 25°C) -100 1957.5 1958 1958.5 1959 1959.5 1960 1960.5 1961 1961.5 1962 1962.5 882.5 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) RF2484 Output Power versus I, Q Input Voltage Level (Vcc = 5.0V, Vref = 4.1V, T = 25°C, Single Sideband) 5 -5 -10 Output Channel Power (dBm) SSB Output Power (dBm) 0 -5 -10 880 MHz 1960 MHz -15 -15 -20 880 MHz CDMA Signal 1960 MHz CDMA Signal 2140 MHz W-CDMA Signal -25 2140 MHz -20 -30 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 I, Q Input Voltage Level (mVp) 5-38 RF2484 Output Channel Power vs I, Q Input Voltage Level (Vcc = 5.0V, Vref = 4.1V, T = 25°C, CDMA/W-CDMA Mod.) 1400 1600 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 I, Q Input Voltage Level (mVpp) Rev A2 010829