ALLEGRO A4950_V3

A4950
Full-Bridge DMOS PWM Motor Driver
Description
Features and Benefits
• Low RDS(on) outputs
• Overcurrent protection (OCP)
▫ Motor short protection
▫ Motor lead short to ground protection
▫ Motor lead short to battery protection
• Low Power Standby mode
• Adjustable PWM current limit
• Synchronous rectification
• Internal undervoltage lockout (UVLO)
• Crossover-current protection
• Commercial temperature grade (A4950E: –40°C to 85°C )
• Automotive temperature grade (A4950K: –40°C to 125°C)
Designed for pulse width modulated (PWM) control of DC
motors, the A4950 is capable of peak output currents to ±3.5 A
and operating voltages to 40 V.
Input terminals are provided for use in controlling the speed and
direction of a DC motor with externally applied PWM control
signals. Internal synchronous rectification control circuitry is
provided to lower power dissipation during PWM operation.
Internal circuit protection includes overcurrent protection,
motor lead short to ground or supply, thermal shutdown with
hysteresis, undervoltage monitoring of VBB, and crossovercurrent protection.
For high ambient operating temperature applications, an
automotive grade device is offered (A4950K). The K grade
device is tested across extended temperature and voltage
ranges to ensure compliance in automotive or industrial
applications.
Package: 8-pin SOICN with exposed
thermal pad (suffix LJ)
The A4950 is provided in a low-profile 8-pin SOICN package
with exposed thermal pad (suffix LJ) that is lead (Pb) free, with
100% matte tin leadframe plating.
Not to scale
Functional Block Diagram
Load Supply
OSC
IN1
Charge
Pump
VBB
Control
Logic
Disable
IN2
TSD
UVLO
OUT1
OUT2
7V
GND
LSS
VREF
A4950-DS, Rev. 3
÷ 10
(Optional)
A4950
Full-Bridge DMOS PWM Motor Driver
Selection Guide
Part Number
Packing
A4950ELJTR-T
A4950KLJTR-T
Ambient Operating Temperature, TA
3000 pieces per 13-in. reel
3000 pieces per 13-in. reel
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Characteristic
Rating
Unit
VBB
40
V
Logic Input Voltage Range
VIN
–0.3 to 6
V
VREF Input Voltage Range
VREF
–0.3 to 6
V
Load Supply Voltage
Sense Voltage (LSS pin)
Symbol
Notes
VS
–0.5 to 0.5
V
Motor Outputs Voltage
VOUT
–2 to 42
V
Output Current
IOUT
Duty cycle = 100%
3.5
A
Transient Output Current
iOUT
TW < 500 ns
Operating Temperature Range
Maximum Junction Temperature
Storage Temperature Range
TA
6
A
Temperature Range E
–40 to 85
°C
Temperature Range K
–40 to 125
°C
TJ(max)
150
°C
Tstg
–55 to 150
°C
Thermal Characteristics may require derating at maximum conditions, see application information
Characteristic
Package Thermal Resistance
Symbol
RθJA
Value
Unit
On 2-layer PCB with 0.8 in2. exposed 2-oz. copper each side
Test Conditions*
62
ºC/W
On 4-layer PCB based on JEDEC standard
35
ºC/W
*Additional thermal information available on the Allegro website.
Terminal List Table
Pin-out Diagram
GND
1
IN2
2
IN1
3
VREF
4
PAD
Number
Name
1
GND
Function
2
IN2
Logic input 2
Ground
8 OUT2
3
IN1
Logic input 1
7 LSS
4
VREF
Analog input
5
VBB
6
OUT1
7
LSS
8
OUT2
–
PAD
6 OUT1
5 VBB
Load supply voltage
DMOS full bridge output 1
Power return – sense resistor connection
DMOS full bridge output 2
Exposed pad for enhanced thermal dissipation
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
2
A4950
Full-Bridge DMOS PWM Motor Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Valid for Temperature Range E version at TJ = 25°C and for Temperature Range K
version at TJ = –40°C to 150°C, VBB = 8 to 40 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
General
Load Supply Voltage Range
VBB
RDS(on) Sink + Source Total
RDS(on)
Load Supply Current
IBB
Body Diode Forward Voltage
Vf
8
–
40
V
IOUT = |2.5 A|, TJ = 25°C
–
0.6
0.8
Ω
IOUT = |2.5 A|, TJ = 150°C
–
1.1
1.5
Ω
fPWM < 30 kHz
–
10
20
mA
Low Power Standby mode
–
–
10
μA
Source diode, If = –2.5 A
–
–
1.5
V
Sink diode, If = 2.5 A
–
–
1.5
V
Logic Inputs
Logic Input Voltage Range
VIN(1)
2.0
–
–
V
VIN(0)
–
–
0.8
V
–
–
0.4
V
VIN(STANDBY) Low Power Standby mode
Logic Input Current
Logic Input Pull-Down Resistance
IIN(1)
VIN = 2.0 V
–
40
100
μA
IIN(0)
VIN = 0.8 V
–
16
40
μA
–
50
–
kΩ
VHYS
–
250
550
mV
Crossover Delay
tCOD
50
–
500
ns
VREF Input Voltage Range
VREF
Input Hysteresis
RR
RLOGIC(PD) VIN = 0 V = IN1 = IN2
Timing
Current Gain
Blank Time
AV
0
–
5
V
VREF / ISS , VREF = 5 V
9.5
–
10.5
V/V
VREF / ISS , VREF = 2.5 V
9.0
–
10.0
V/V
VREF / ISS , VREF = 1 V
8.0
–
10.0
V/V
2
3
4
μs
16
25
34
μs
–
1
1.5
ms
–
–
30
μs
7
7.5
7.95
V
–
500
–
mV
Temperature increasing
–
160
–
°C
Recovery = TJTSD – TTSDhys
–
15
–
°C
tBLANK
Constant Off-time
toff
Standby Timer
tst
Power-Up Delay
tpu
IN1 = IN2 < VIN(STANDBY)
Protection Circuits
UVLO Enable Threshold
UVLO Hysteresis
Thermal Shutdown Temperature
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis
VBBUVLO
VBB increasing
VBBUVLOhys
TJTSD
TTSDhys
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
3
A4950
Full-Bridge DMOS PWM Motor Driver
Characteristic Performance
PWM Control Timing Diagram
VIN(1)
IN1
GND
VIN(1)
IN2
GND
+IREG
IOUT(x)
0A
-IREG
Forward/
Fast Decay
Reverse/
Fast Decay
Forward/
Slow Decay
Reverse/
Slow Decay
PWM Control Truth Table
IN1
IN2
10×VS > VREF
OUT1
OUT2
0
1
False
L
H
Reverse
Function
1
0
False
H
L
Forward
0
1
True
H/L
L
Chop (mixed decay), reverse
1
0
True
L
H/L
1
1
False
L
L
Brake (slow decay); after a Chop command
0
0
False
Z
Z
Coast, enters Low Power Standby mode after 1 ms
Chop (mixed decay), forward
Note: Z indicates high impedance.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
4
A4950
Full-Bridge DMOS PWM Motor Driver
Functional Description
Device Operation
The A4950 is designed to operate DC motors. The output drivers
are all low-RDS(on) , N-channel DMOS drivers that feature internal synchronous rectification to reduce power dissipation. The
current in the output full bridge is regulated with fixed off-time
pulse width modulated (PWM) control circuitry. The IN1 and IN2
inputs allow two-wire control for the bridge.
Protection circuitry includes internal thermal shutdown, and protection against shorted loads, or against output shorts to ground
or supply. Undervoltage lockout prevents damage by keeping the
outputs off until the driver has enough voltage to operate normally.
Standby Mode
Low Power Standby mode is activated when both input (INx)
pins are low for longer than 1 ms. Low Power Standby mode
disables most of the internal circuitry, including the charge pump
and the regulator. When the A4950 is coming out of standby
mode, the charge pump should be allowed to reach its regulated
voltage (a maximum delay of 200 μs) before any PWM commands are issued to the device.
Internal PWM Current Control
Initially, a diagonal pair of source and sink FET outputs are
enabled and current flows through the motor winding and the
optional external current sense resistor, RS . When the voltage
across RS equals the comparator trip value, then the current sense
comparator resets the PWM latch. The latch then turns off the
sink and source FETs (Mixed Decay mode).
VREF
The maximum value of current limiting is set by the selection of
RSx and the voltage at the VREF pin. The transconductance function is approximated by the maximum value of current limiting,
ITripMAX (A), which is set by:
ITripMAX =
VREF
10 RS
where VREF is the input voltage on the VREF pin (V) and RS is
the resistance of the sense resistor (Ω) on the LSS terminal.
Overcurrent Protection
A current monitor will protect the IC from damage due to output
shorts. If a short is detected, the IC will latch the fault and disable
the outputs. The fault latch can only be cleared by coming out of
Low Power Standby mode or by cycling the power to VBB. During OCP events, Absolute Maximum Ratings may be exceeded
for a short period of time before the device latches.
Shutdown
If the die temperature increases to approximately 160°C, the full
bridge outputs will be disabled until the internal temperature falls
below a hysteresis, TTSDhys , of 15°C. Internal UVLO is present
on VBB to prevent the output drivers from turning-on below the
UVLO threshold.
Braking
The braking function is implemented by driving the device in
Slow Decay mode, which is done by applying a logic high to both
inputs, after a bridge-enable Chop command (see PWM Control
Truth Table). Because it is possible to drive current in both directions through the DMOS switches, this configuration effectively
shorts-out the motor-generated BEMF, as long as the Chop command is asserted. The maximum current can be approximated by
VBEMF / RL . Care should be taken to ensure that the maximum
ratings of the device are not exceeded in worse case braking situations: high speed and high-inertia loads.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
5
A4950
Full-Bridge DMOS PWM Motor Driver
Synchronous Rectification
When a PWM off-cycle is triggered by an internal fixed off-time
cycle, load current will recirculate. The A4950 synchronous rectification feature turns-on the appropriate DMOSFETs during the
current decay, and effectively shorts out the body diodes with the
low RDS(on) driver. This significantly lowers power dissipation.
When a zero current level is detected, synchronous rectification is
turned off to prevent reversal of the load current.
Mixed Decay Operation
The bridges operate in Mixed Decay mode. Referring to the
lower panel of the figure below, as the trip point is reached, the
device goes into fast decay mode for 50% of the fixed off-time
period. After this fast decay portion the device switches to slow
decay mode for the remainder of the off-time. During transitions
from fast decay to slow decay, the drivers are forced off for the
Crossover Delay, tCOD . This feature is added to prevent shootthrough in the bridge. During this “dead time” portion, synchronous rectification is not active, and the device operates in fast
decay and slow decay only.
Mixed Decay Mode Operation
VPHASE
+
IOUT
See Enlargement A
0
–
Enlargement A
Fixed Off-Time, toff = 25 μs
0.50 × toff
0.50 × toff
ITrip
IOUT
Fast Decay
tCOD
tCOD
Slow Decay
tCOD
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
6
A4950
Full-Bridge DMOS PWM Motor Driver
Application Information
Sense Pin (LSS)
In order to use PWM current control, a low-value resistor is
placed between the LSS pin and ground for current sensing purposes. To minimize ground-trace IR drops in sensing the output
current level, the current sensing resistor should have an independent ground return to the star ground point. This trace should be
as short as possible. For low-value sense resistors, the IR drops in
the PCB can be significant, and should be taken into account.
of the device makes a good location for the star ground point. The
exposed pad can be connected to ground for this purpose.
When selecting a value for the sense resistor be sure not to
exceed the maximum voltage on the LSS pin of ±500 mV at
maximum load. During overcurrent events, this rating may be
exceeded for short durations.
Layout
The PCB should have a thick ground plane. For optimum
electrical and thermal performance, the A4950 must be soldered
directly onto the board. On the underside of the A4950 package is
an exposed pad, which provides a path for enhanced thermal dissipation. The thermal pad must be soldered directly to an exposed
surface on the PCB in order to achieve optimal thermal conduction. Thermal vias are used to transfer heat to other layers of the
PCB.
Ground
A star ground should be located as close to the A4950 as possible.
The copper ground plane directly under the exposed thermal pad
The load supply pin, VBB, should be decoupled with an electrolytic capacitor (typically 100 μF) in parallel with a lower valued
ceramic capacitor placed as close as practicable to the device.
GND
Solder
A4950
GND
Trace (2 oz.)
Signal (1 oz.)
Ground (1 oz.)
PCB
Thermal (2 oz.)
OUT2
Thermal Vias
RS
OUT1
C1
A4950
C2
BULK
CAPACITANCE
1 GND
VBB
IN2
IN1
VREF
OUT2
PAD
LSS
RS
OUT1
VBB
VBB
C1
GND
C2
GND
Bill of Materials
Item
Reference
Value
Units
Description
1
RS
0.25
(for VREF = 5 V, IOUT = 2 A)
Ω
2512, 1 W, 1% or better,
carbon film chip resistor
2
C1
0.22
μF
X5R minimum, 50 V or greater
3
C2
100
μF
Electrolytic, 50 V or greater
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
7
A4950
Full-Bridge DMOS PWM Motor Driver
Package LJ, 8-Pin SOICN
with exposed thermal pad
4.90 ±0.10
0.65
8°
0°
8
B
A
1
3.90 ±0.10
6.00 ±0.20
2
SEATING PLANE
GAUGE PLANE
Branded Face
SEATING
PLANE
0.10 C
1.27 BSC
1
1.27
0.40
0.25 BSC
0.51
0.31
2.41
1.04 REF
3.30 NOM
8X
C
5.60
2
3.30
C
PCB Layout Reference View
For Reference Only; not for tooling use (reference MS-012BA)
Dimensions in millimeters
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
1.70 MAX
0.15
0.00
1.27
1.75
0.25
0.17
2.41 NOM
8
A Terminal #1 mark area
B
Exposed thermal pad (bottom surface); dimensions may vary with device
C
Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351
SOIC127P600X175-9AM); all pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all
adjacent pads; adjust as necessary to meet application process
requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when mounting on a multilayer
PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land can improve thermal
dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5)
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
8
A4950
Full-Bridge DMOS PWM Motor Driver
Revision History
Revision
Revision Date
Rev. 3
May 17, 2012
Description of Revision
Add K temperature range variant and IBB
Copyright ©2011-2012, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the
information being relied upon is current.
Allegro’s products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the
failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use;
nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:
www.allegromicro.com
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
9