HMC795LP5E v00.0409 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 Typical Applications Features The HMC795LP5E is ideal for: High Linearity OIP3: + 22 dBm • UMTS, GSM or CDMA Basestations High Output Power: +10 dBm Output P1dB • Fixed Wireless or WLL High Carrier Suppression: 55 dBc • ISM Transceivers, 900 & 2400 MHz High Sideband Suppression: 53 dBc • GMSK, QPSK, QAM, SSB Modulators Read/Write Serial Port Interface (SPI) • Cellular/3G and WiMAX/4G SPI & 6-bit parallel port programmable 32 dB Gain Control • Microwave IFs DC - 440 MHz Baseband Input 32 Lead 5x5 mm QFN Package: 25 mm2 Functional Diagram General Description The HMC795LP5E is a variable gain, direct quadrature modulator ideal for digital modulation applications from 50 - 2800 MHz including: Cellular/3G, Broadband Wireless Access and ISM circuits. Housed in a compact 5x5mm (LP5) SMT QFN package, the modulator offers a high level of integration, exceptionally low carrier feedthrough, and a low cost alternative to more complicated double upconversion architectures. The LO requires -9 to +3 dBm and can be driven in either differential or single-ended mode. The baseband inputs will support modulation inputs from DC - 440 MHz. The differential RF output port is driven by a 6 bit digital controlled variable gain amplifier to nominally provide up to 32 dB of very linear gain control in 0.5 dB steps. The low carrier suppression is maintained over the VGA dynamic range. The gain control interface accepts either three wire serial input or 6 bit parallel word. In addition, the gain control can be modified through the SPI to adjust a look up table to control the gain step to as low as 0.1 dB, with reduced range, or to adjust individual gain steps for system linearization. Electrical Specifications, See Test Conditions on Following Page Parameter Min. RF Frequency Typ. Max. Min. 11 7 9 9 11 1000 Output Power 8 9.5 Output P1dB 13 14 Typ. Max. Min. 11 4 8 9 11 1950 Typ. Max. 2690 Units MHz 11 dB dBm Output IP3 23 25 18 22 17 22 dBm Carrier Feedthrough (Uncal) -40 -45 -42 -46 -42 -46 dBm Carrier Feedthrough (Cal) -55 -62 -55 -62 -52 -57 dBm Sideband Suppression (Uncal) 43 55 49 53 45 50 Output Noise Floor @ 20 MHz offset 10 - 1 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz -158 -157 -156 -155 -154 dBc -153 dBm/Hz RF Return Loss -10 -14 -10 -12 -10 -12 dB LO Return Loss -10 -15 -10 -15 -10 -12 dB For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Electrical Specifications (Continued) Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units 0 dB Gain Control Characteristics Gain Control Range Gain Control Step -31.5 Can be adjusted with SPI 0.5 dB State Error (at max Attenuation) ±0.5 ±1 dB Gain Step Error ±0.05 ±0.13 dB RF Input Characteristics RF Return Loss RF Bandwidth 2800 MHz Requires external matching 50 9 -15 -10 dB with matching specified in table 5 10 15 % 5600 MHz LO Input Characteristics LO Frequency Range LO Return Loss 100 Required 1 nF blocking cap LO Drive Level -10 dB -9 0 +3 dBm 1.2 1.3 1.4 V Baseband Inputs I/Q Input Bias Level Output Power ±0.5 dB of Typ. Input Bias Current Differential Input Impedance Bandwidth 90 µA 5K||100pF Ohms||pF DC 440 MHz 5.5 V DC Power Requirements Analog Supply Voltage (VCCMIX, VCCBG, VCCRF, VCCDAC, VCCLO) All must be equal Digital Supply Voltage (VDD3) IDD - Total Current Consumption 4.5 5 3 3.3 3.5 V 106 127 145 mA 1 µA Power Down Current Test Conditions: Unless Otherwise Specified, the Following Test Conditions Were Used Parameter Condition Temperature 25 °C VGA Attenuation 0 dB Baseband Input Frequency 1 MHz Baseband Input DC Voltage 1.3V Baseband Input AC Voltage (Peak to Peak Differential, I and Q) 1.4V Baseband Input AC Voltage for OIP3 Measurement (Peak to Peak Differential, I and Q) 290 mV per tone @ 1 & 1.5 MHz Frequency Offset for Output Noise Measurements Supply 20 MHz Analog: +5V, Digital: +3.3V LO Input Power 0 dBm LO Input Mode Differential Sideband and Carrier Suppression RF Output Mode Uncalibrated Differential For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT RF Frequency Range 10 - 2 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Calibrated vs. Uncalibrated Test Results During the Uncalibrated Carrier Suppression tests, care is taken to ensure that the I/Q signal paths from the Vector Signal Generator (VSG) to the Device Under Test (DUT) are equal. The “Uncalibrated” Carrier Suppression plots were measured at T= -40 °C, +25 °C, and +85 °C. The “Calibrated” Carrier Suppression data was plotted after a manual adjustment of the IP/IN & QP/QN DC offsets at +25 °C, 5V Vcc, 0 dBm LO input power level, and the RF output frequency set to the midband of the measurement range. The adjustment settings were held constant during tests over temperature and frequency. Typical Performance Characteristics, Vcc +5V, LO 0 dBm, +25 °C Output Power, Output IP3 & Sideband Suppression vs. Freq. over Temperature [1] Uncalibrated & Calibrated Carrier Feedthrough vs. Freq. over Temperature [1] -40 0 UNCALIBRATED OUTPUT IP3 -45 30 -10 20 -20 OUTPUT POWER 10 -30 0 +25 C +85 C -40 C -10 -40 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION -20 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 -50 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) OUTPUT POWER (dBm), OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 40 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) -60 1200 -50 -55 -60 CALIBRATED -65 -70 +25 C +85 C -40 C -75 -80 800 850 900 950 FREQUENCY (MHz) Output Power & Output Noise @ 1 GHz vs. VGA Attenuation over Temperature [1] -140 -10 -150 -20 -160 OUTPUT NOISE 4 8 12 16 20 ATTENUATION (dB) 1150 24 28 -170 -180 32 -40 -55 +25 C +85 C -40 C CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH -60 -45 -65 -70 -50 -75 -80 -55 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION -85 -90 0 -60 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 ATTENUATION (dB) [1] Output Matched to 1 GHz 10 - 3 1200 -50 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) OUTPUT POWER (dBm) -130 0 -40 0 1100 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 32 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) +25 C +85 C -40 C OUTPUT POWER -30 1050 Carrier Feedthrough & Sideband Suppression @ 1 GHz vs. VGA Attenuation over Temperature [1] -120 20 10 1000 FREQUENCY (MHz) OUTPUT NOISE @ 20 MHz (dBm/Hz) modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Output Power & Output Noise @ 1 GHz vs. Input Baseband Amplitude over Temperature [1] -145 -150 OUTPUT POWER 5 0 -155 OUTPUT NOISE -5 -10 0.1 2 1 -160 3 -45 -45 -50 -50 -55 -55 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION -60 +25 C +85 C -40 C -65 -70 1 -10 20 -20 OUTPUT POWER -10 -20 800 -40 850 900 950 1000 -30 -40 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION 1050 1100 -50 -45 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) OUTPUT IP3 0 dBm +3 dBm -9 dBm -60 1200 1150 UNCALIBRATED -50 -55 CALIBRATED -60 -65 -70 0 dBm +3 dBm -9 dBm -75 -80 800 850 900 Output Power, Output IP3 & Sideband Suppression vs. Freq. over Supply Voltage [1] 0 -10 20 -20 OUTPUT POWER -10 -20 800 850 900 950 1000 -30 -40 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION 1050 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1050 1100 1150 1200 -40 1100 1150 -50 -60 1200 -45 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) 30 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V 1000 Uncalibrated & Calibrated Carrier Feedthrough vs. Freq. over Supply Voltage [1] OUTPUT IP3 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) OUTPUT POWER (dBm), OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 40 0 950 FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz) 10 3 Uncalibrated & Calibrated Carrier Feedthrough vs. Freq. over LO Power [1] 0 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) OUTPUT POWER (dBm), OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 40 0 2 10 INPUT BASEBAND AMPLITUDE (Vp-p diff) Output Power, Output IP3 & Sideband Suppression vs. Freq. over LO Power [1] 10 -65 -70 0.1 INPUT BASEBAND AMPLITUDE (Vp-p diff) 30 -60 UNCALIBRATED -50 -55 CALIBRATED -60 -65 -70 4.5 V 5.0 V 5.5 V -75 -80 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1150 1200 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 10 -40 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) +25 C +85 C -40 C 15 -40 OUTPUT NOISE @ 20 MHz (dBm/Hz) OP1dB 14.3 dBm OP1dB 14.1 dBm OP1dB 14.0 dBm CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) 20 Carrier Feedthrough & Sideband Suppression @ 1 GHz vs. Input Baseband Amplitude over Temperature [1] [1] Output Matched to 1 GHz For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 - 4 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Output Power, Output IP3 & Sideband Suppression vs. Freq. over Temperature [1] 40 -45 +25 C +85 C -40 C OUTPUT IP3 -10 20 -20 OUTPUT POWER 10 -30 0 -40 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION -10 -50 -20 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) OUTPUT POWER (dBm), OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) UNCALIBRATED 30 -60 2200 2150 -50 -55 -60 -65 CALIBRATED -70 +25 C +85 C -40 C -75 -80 1800 1850 1900 1950 FREQUENCY (MHz) Output Power & Output Noise @ 1950 MHz vs. VGA Attenuation MHz over Temperature [1] -120 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) -130 0 -140 -10 -150 -20 -160 -30 -170 OUTPUT NOISE 4 8 12 16 20 24 -180 32 28 -70 -75 -80 -85 -60 4 8 12 16 20 24 -150 OUTPUT NOISE -5 -10 -155 -15 -160 2 INPUT BASEBAND AMPLITUDE (Vp-p diff) 32 3 -30 -45 -35 -50 -40 -55 -45 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION -60 -65 -70 0.1 -50 +25 C +85 C -40 C -55 -60 1 2 INPUT BASEBAND AMPLITUDE (Vp-p diff) [1] Output Matched to 1950 MHz 10 - 5 28 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) OUTPUT POWER (dBm) -55 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 3 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) -145 OUTPUT POWER 1 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION -40 -140 -20 0.1 -50 Carrier Feedthrough & Sideband Suppression @ 1950 MHz vs. Input Baseband Amplitude over Temperature [1] OP1dB 10.9 dBm OP1dB 11.6 dBm OP1dB 11.8 dBm 0 -45 -65 -90 0 OUTPUT NOISE @ 20 MHz (dBm/Hz) 5 +25 C +85 C -40 C CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH -60 ATTENUATION (dB) 20 +25 C +85 C -40 C 2200 -40 -55 Output Power & Output Noise @ 1950 MHz vs. Input Baseband Amplitude over Temperature [1] 10 2150 -50 ATTENUATION (dB) 15 2100 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) +25 C +85 C -40 C OUTPUT POWER -40 0 2050 Carrier Feedthrough & Sideband Suppression @ 1950 MHz vs. VGA Attenuation over Temperature [1] CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) 20 10 2000 FREQUENCY (MHz) OUTPUT NOISE @20MHz (dBm/Hz) modulators - direct quadrature - SMT -40 0 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) 10 Uncalibrated & Calibrated Carrier Feedthrough vs. Freq. over Temperature [1] HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Output Power, Output IP3 & Sideband Suppression vs. Freq. over LO Power [1] 0 20 -20 OUTPUT POWER 10 -30 0 -40 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION -10 -50 -20 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 -45 -60 2200 UNCALIBRATED -50 -55 CALIBRATED -60 -65 -70 -80 1800 1850 1900 0 -10 -20 OUTPUT POWER 10 -30 -40 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION -10 -50 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2150 2200 2100 2150 -60 2200 UNCALIBRATED -50 -55 CALIBRATED -60 -65 -70 4.5 V 5.0 V 5.5 V -75 -80 1800 1850 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 FREQUENCY (MHz) Output Power, Output IP3 & Sideband Suppression vs. Freq. over Temperature [2] 40 Uncalibrated & Calibrated Carrier Feedthrough vs. Freq. over Temperature [2] -30 10 OUTPUT IP3 30 -10 OUTPUT POWER 10 -20 0 -30 -10 -40 -20 -50 +25 C +85 C -40 C -30 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION -60 -40 -70 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 FREQUENCY (MHz) [1] Output Matched to 1950 MHz CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) 0 20 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) POWER (dBm) & IP3 (dBm) 2100 -45 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) OUTPUT IP3 20 -20 1800 2050 -40 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) OUTPUT POWER (dBm), OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 40 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V 2000 Uncalibrated & Calibrated Carrier Feedthrough vs. Freq. over Supply Voltage [1] Output Power, Output IP3 & Sideband Suppression vs. Freq. over Supply Voltage [1] 0 1950 FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz) 30 10 0 dBm +3 dBm -9 dBm -75 -35 UNCALIBRATED -40 -45 CALIBRATED -50 +25 C +85 C -40 C -55 -60 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT -10 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) 0 dBm +3 dBm -9 dBm OUTPUT IP3 30 -40 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) OUTPUT POWER (dBm), OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 40 Uncalibrated & Calibrated Carrier Feedthrough vs. Freq. over LO Power [1] FREQUENCY (MHz) [2] Output Matched to 2690 MHz For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 - 6 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Carrier Feedthrough & Sideband Suppression @ 2960 MHz vs. VGA Attenuation over Temperature [1] Output Power & Output Noise @ 2690 MHz vs. VGA Attenuation over Temperature [1] OUTPUT POWER (dBm) -10 -150 -20 -160 -30 -40 0 -170 OUTPUT NOISE 4 8 12 16 20 24 -20 -50 -40 -50 -70 -60 -80 +25 C +85 C -40 C -70 4 8 12 -135 -140 OUTPUT POWER 0 -145 -10 -150 OUTPUT NOISE CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) OP1dB 11.9 dBm OP1dB 12.3 dBm -155 2 -40 -30 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH -50 -60 -50 +25 C +85 C -40 C -10 -35 OUTPUT POWER 10 -30 0 -40 -10 -50 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION 2650 2700 FREQUENCY (MHz) 2750 -60 2800 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) OUTPUT POWER (dBm), OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) -30 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) 0 -20 2600 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION -60 2 1 UNCALIBRATED -40 -45 CALIBRATED -50 0 dBm +3 dBm -9 dBm -55 -60 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 FREQUENCY (MHz) [1] Output Matched to 2960 MHz 10 - 7 3 Uncalibrated & Calibrated Carrier Feedthrough vs. Freq. over LO Power [1] 0 dBm +3 dBm -9 dBm 20 2550 -40 INPUT BASEBAND AMPLITUDE (Vp-p diff) 40 -20 2500 -100 32 28 -20 -70 0.1 3 Output Power, Output IP3 & Sideband Suppression vs. Freq. over LO Power [1] OUTPUT IP3 24 -30 INPUT BASEBAND AMPLITUDE (Vp-p diff) 30 20 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 2750 2800 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) OUTPUT POWER (dBm) OP1dB 11.1 dBm 1 16 Carrier Feedthrough & Sideband Suppression @ 2960 MHz vs. Input Baseband Amplitude over Temperature [1] 20 -20 0.1 -90 ATTENUATION (dB) Output Power & Output Noise @ 2960 MHz vs. Input Baseband Amplitude over Temperature [1] 10 -60 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH ATTENUATION (dB) +25 C +85 C -40 C -40 -30 -80 0 -180 32 28 OUTPUT NOISE @ 20 MHz (dBm/Hz) modulators - direct quadrature - SMT -140 OUTPUT POWER -30 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) 0 -130 OUTPUT NOISE @ 20 MHz (dBm/Hz) +25C +85C -40C 10 10 -10 -120 CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) 20 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Output Power, Output IP3 & Sideband Suppression vs. Freq. over Supply Voltage [1] OUTPUT IP3 20 -30 -10 -35 -20 OUTPUT POWER 10 -30 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION 0 -40 -10 -50 -20 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 UNCALIBRATED -40 -45 -50 10 4.5 V 5.0 V 5.5 V -55 -60 2800 2750 CALIBRATED -60 2500 2550 FREQUENCY (MHz) 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 FREQUENCY (MHz) Absolute Error [2] vs. Frequency Normalized Attenuation vs. Frequency (Only Major States are Shown) (only Major States are Shown) 0 1 0.5 -10 ABSOLUTE ERROR (dB) NORMALIZED ATTENUATION (dB) -5 -15 -20 -25 0 -0.5 -30 -35 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -1 2.5 0 0.5 FREQUENCY (GHz) vs. Attenuation State 0.5 0.25 0.25 2.5 GHz 2 GHz 1 GHz 50 MHz 2.5 2 2.5 0 -0.25 -0.25 -0.5 2 (Only Major States are Shown) 0.5 0 1.5 Step Error [3] vs. Frequency STEP ERROR (dB) ABSOLUTE ERROR (dB) Absolute Error [2] 1 FREQUENCY (GHz) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -0.5 0 ATTENUATION (dB) 0.5 1 1.5 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT POWER (dBm) & IP3 (dBm) 30 0 SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc) 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V CARRIER FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) 40 Uncalibrated & Calibrated Carrier Feedthrough vs. Freq. over Supply Voltage [1] FREQUENCY (GHz) [1] Output Matched to 2960 MHz [2] Absolute error - difference between measured and ideal attenuation [3] Step error - difference between measured attuation step and ideal step of 0.5 dB For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 - 8 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz 10 RF Return Loss vs. Attenuation 0.15 0 0.1 -5 RF RETURN LOSS (dB) STEP ERROR (dB) Step Error vs. Attenuation 0.05 0 -0.05 50 MHz, 1 GHz, 2 GHz, 2.5 GHz -0.1 -0.15 0 4 8 12 16 -10 1000MHz -15 2690MHz -20 -25 20 24 28 -30 32 1950 MHz 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 RF Return Loss vs. Frequency Offset, VGA Attenuation 0 dB LO Return Loss vs. Frequency 0 0 1000MHz -5 RETURN LOSS (dB) RETURN LOSS (dB) -10 -20 -10 2690MHz -15 -20 -30 1950MHz SINGLE-ENDED LO -40 -25 DIFFERENTIAL LO WITH BD2326 BALUN 0 1 2 3 4 -30 -150 5 -100 FREQUENCY (GHz) 0 50 100 150 OFFSET FREQUENCY (MHz) ACPR for W-CDMA @ 2140 MHz vs. Output Power for Various Input Levels, VGA Attenuation 0 dB [1] ACPR for W-CDMA @ 2140 MHz vs. Output Power & VGA Attenuation for Various Input Levels [1] -50 -30 -60 0 dB -40 -55 ADJACENT CH. ACPR ACPR -50 -60 ACPR (dB) ACPR (dBc) -50 -65 -60 31.5dB 31.5dB -70 0 dB 65mV (rms) -120 0 dB 37mV (rms) -70 ALTERNATE CH. ACPR -80 -100 110mV (rms) -140 0 dB -80 -160 28dB -75 -15 -10 -5 CARRIER OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 0 -90 -40 OUTPUT NOISE -30 -20 -10 0 CARRIER OUTPUT POWER (dBm) [1] W-CDMA (Modulation Set-up for ACPR Mode): The baseband I and Q input signals were generated using “Test Model 1 with 64 channels 10 - 9 32 ATTENUATION STATE (dB) For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com -180 10 OUTPUT NOISE @ 20 MHz (dBm/Hz) modulators - direct quadrature - SMT ATTENUATION (dB) HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Truth Table VCCMIX, VCCBG, VCCRF, VCCDAC -0.3V to +5.5V VDD3 -0.3V to +3.6V LO Input Power +18 dBm Baseband Input Voltage (DC) 0V to +1.4V Baseband Input Voltage (AC + DC) 0V to +1.8V Maximum Junction Temperature 125 °C Continuous Pdiss (T = 85°C) (derate 25 mW/°C above 85°C) 1W Thermal Resistance (Rth) (junction to ground paddle) 40 °C/W Storage Temperature -65 to +150 °C Operating Temperature -40 to +85 °C Reflow Soldering Peak Temperature 260 °C ESD Sensitivity (HBM) Class 1B Control Voltage Input AGC5 AGC4 AGC3 AGC2 AGC1 AGC1 Attenuation Low Low Low Low Low Low 0 dB Low Low Low Low Low High 0.5 dB Low Low Low Low High Low 1 dB Low Low Low High Low Low 2 dB Low Low High Low Low Low 4 dB Low High Low Low Low Low 8 dB High Low Low Low Low Low 16 dB High High High High High High 31.5 dB Any combination of the above states will provide an increase in the attenuation approximately equal to the sum of the bits selected Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTROSTATIC SENSITIVE DEVICE OBSERVE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS Outline Drawing NOTES: 1. LEADFRAME MATERIAL: COPPER ALLOY 2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES [MILLIMETERS] 3. LEAD SPACING TOLERANCE IS NON-CUMULATIVE. 4. PAD BURR LENGTH SHALL BE 0.15mm MAXIMUM. PAD BURR HEIGHT SHALL BE 0.05mm MAXIMUM. 5. PACKAGE WARP SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.05mm. 6. ALL GROUND LEADS AND GROUND PADDLE MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB RF GROUND. 7. REFER TO HITTITE APPLICATION NOTE FOR SUGGESTED LAND PATTERN. Package Information Part Number Package Body Material Lead Finish HMC795LP5E RoHS-compliant Low Stress Injection Molded Plastic 100% matte Sn MSL Rating MSL1 Package Marking [1] [2] 10 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT Absolute Maximum Ratings H795 XXXX [1] 4-Digit lot number XXXX [2] Max peak reflow temperature of 260 °C For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 - 10 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Pin Descriptions modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 10 - 11 Pin Number Function Description 1 RstB Digital reset input, active low 2 VCCRF Supply voltage for the output driver, 5V, 24mA @ max gain, 0.7mA @ min gain 3, 6, 19, 22 GND These pins and the ground paddle should be connected to a high quality RF/DC ground. 4, 5 RFN, RFP Differential RF open collector output, needs pull up inductor to VCCRF and DC coupling capacitor on both pins, 5V, 0.5mA @min gain, 24.4mA @ max gain 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 AGC0, AGC1, AGC2, AGC3, AGC4, AGC5 Parallel binary input gain control word 13 VCCDAC Supply voltage for the DAC, 3.9mA @ 5V 14, 15 QP, QN Q channel differential baseband input. These high impedance ports should be biased at 1.3V. Nominal recommended baseband input is 1.4V pp differential 16, 25 VCCMIX Supply voltage for the I/Q mixers, 31.7mA @ 5V 17 N/C The pins are not connected internally; however, all data shown herein was measured with these pins connected to RF/DC ground externally. 18 VCCLO Supply voltage for the LO chain, 65.2mA @ 5V Interface Schematic For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Pin Descriptions (Continued) Function Description 20, 21 LOP, LON LO inputs. Need DC decoupling capacitors. The ports could be driven single ended or differentially 23 VCCBG Supply voltage for the bandgap, 4.3mA @ 5V Interface Schematic External bypass decoupling for precision bias circuits, 3.80V 24 DECOUPLE 26, 27 IN, IP I channel differential baseband input. These high impedance ports should be biased at 1.3V. Nominal recommended baseband input is 1.4V pp differential 28 VDD3 Supply voltage for the digital 29 SDO Main Serial port data output 30 SDI Main Serial port data input 31 SEN Main Serial port latch enable input 32 SCK Main Serial port clock input NOTE: BIAS ref voltage cannot drive an external load. Must be measured with 10GOhm meter such as Agilent 34410A, normal 10Mohm DVM will read erroneously. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT Pin Number 10 - 12 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Evaluation PCB modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 10 - 13 The circuit board used in the application should use RF circuit design techniques. Signal lines should have 50 ohm impedance while the package ground leads and exposed paddle should be connected directly to the ground plane similar to that shown. A sufficient number of via holes should be used to connect the top and bottom ground planes. The evaluation circuit board shown is available from Hittite upon request. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz List of Materials for Evaluation PCB [1] Description Item Description J1, J10 2 Pin DC Connector R7 10 kOhm Resistor, 0402 Pkg J2, J3, J5 - J8 PCB Mount SMA Connector J4 12 Pin DC Connector R8, R9, R12 - R20, R22, R23, R25, R26, R28, R29 Do Not Populate J9 12 Pin Socket Connector R10 4 kOhm Resistor, 0402 Pkg C1, C4, C8, C10, C14, C15, C18, C20, C23, C34, C35, C38 1 µF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg C2 C3, C5, C6, C11, C12 R11 1 kOhm Resistor, 0402 Pkg T1, T2 RF Transformer 10 µF Capacitor, 1206 Pkg TP1 - TP3 DC Pin 4.7 µF Capacitor, 0805 Pkg FB1 - FB3 1 kOhms Ferrite Bead, 0805 Pkg L1, L3 10 nH Inductor, 0402 Pkg L2, L6 4.7 nH Inductor, 0402 Pkg C7, C16, C17, C22, C24, C25, C28, C33, C36, C37, C40 1 nF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg C9, C21 10 nF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg C13 1.2 nF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg C19, C27, C32, C41 100 pF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg C26, C30 - C31, C39, C42 Do Not Populate R1, R4, R21, R24, R27, R30 - R32 100 kOhm Resistor, 0402 Pkg R2, R3, R5, R6 0 Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg U1 Linear Regulator, 3.3V U2 Linear Regulator, 5V U3 HMC795LP5E Modulator PCB [2] 125087 Eval Board [1] When requesting an evaluation board, please reference the appropriate PCB number listed in the table “Components for the Selected Frequencies” [2] Circuit Board Material: Arlon 25FR / FR4 Table 9. Components for Selected Frequencies Tuned Frequency 850 MHz 1950 MHz 2960 MHz Evaluation Board Number 127433 125370 130190 [1] 129934 129935 130186 47 nH 4.7 nH 1.8 nH Evaluation Kit Number L2, L6 L1, L3 27 nH 10 nH 5.6 nH R29 2.5 kOhms DEPOP DEPOP T1 TCN2-14 TCN2-26 TCN2-26 [1] Evaluation Kit includes evaluation board, USB controller board, USB cable and evaluation software. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT Item 10 - 14 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Application & Evaluation PCB Schematic modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 10 - 15 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Theory of Operation The HMC795LP5E modulator consists of the following functional blocks 1. LO Interface 2. I/Q modulator 3. Digitally controlled variable gain amplifier 4. Gain control DAC 5. Bias Circuit 6. Serial Port interface The LO interface consists of a gain stage followed by a divide by 2 stage that generates two carrier signals in quadrature which are used to drive the mixers. As a result, the LO path is immune to large variations in the LO signal level and the modulator performance does not vary much with LO power. Due to the on chip divider, the input LO frequency must be twice that of the desired carrier frequency. This offers the advantage of significantly lowering carrier feedthrough. The LO port can be driven differentially or single ended if the unused side is AC grounded. However, when driven single-endedly, the carrier feedthrough and sideband rejection can be degraded by either large 2nd order LO tones, such as when driven by a VCO with a divider output, or, by large half-harmonic tones, such as when driven by a VCO with a doubler output. The LO interface can be enabled/disabled separately through the serial port interface using Reg01h <0> and can be used to disable the modulator output. The RF output signal is suppressed by 100 dB when only the LO interface is disable and the LO signal itself is suppressed approximately 60 dB. In addition, the LO buffer bias can be increased using Reg02h <7>. This setting is recommended for LO frequencies above 5 GHz. I/Q Modulator The HMC795LP5E has two double-balanced mixers, one for the in-phase channel and one for the quadrature channel. The differential baseband inputs (QP, QN, IP, and IN) consist of the bases of NPN transistors, which present a high impedance. The DC common mode voltage at the baseband inputs sets the currents in the two mixer cores. Varying the baseband common mode voltage varies the current in the mixers and affects the overall modulators performance. The recommended DC voltage for the baseband common mode voltage is 1.3V DC, ± 0.1V. The output of the two mixers are summed together differentially and then used to drive the differential input of the VGA stage. The mixer can be enabled/disabled with Reg01h <1>. The external baseband DC bias also need to be disabled to completely disable the mixers. Disabling the mixer enables a weak pull down at the mixer inputs which connects the mixer inputs through a resistive path to ground. This may pull the external input low resulting in large current flow if the external bias is not disabled. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT LO Interface 10 - 16 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Digitally Controlled Variable Gain Amplifier modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 10 - 17 10 -50 5 -60 0 -70 -5 -80 MAGNITUDE -10 PHASE -90 -15 -100 -20 -110 -25 -120 -30 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 S21 PHASE (deg) S21 MAGNITUDE (dB) The output of the HMC795LP5E is a 6 bit, digitally controlled, variable gain amplifier that can provide very accurate linear- in-dB gain control over a 31.5 dB range in 0.5 dB steps. The VGA also provides relatively constant phase over the entire gain range, as shown in Figure 1. An 11 bit DAC is used to control the VGA. See the Gain Control DAC section for more detail about gain control. -130 ATTENUATION (dB) Figure 1. VGA S21 magnitude and phase @ 2 GHz vs attenuation For maximum performance and flexibility, the output ports of the VGA are differential open collectors that require pull up inductors to the positive supply and external matching components. The evaluation board allows for several options for matching. See the Output Matching section for more details. The VGA can be enabled/disabled separately through the SPI using Reg01h <2>. The ON/OFF isolation of the VGA is greater than 60 dB for RF output frequencies up to 2.5 GHz. Gain Control DAC An 11 bit DAC is used to control the VGA for linear-in-dB gain control, Figure 2 shows the control for the DAC.. The DAC is normally controlled by a look up table (LUT) that is in turn, controlled by the 6 bit parallel port. The values of the look up table are fixed to give 0.5 dB steps over a 31.5 dB gain range. Figure 2. Simplified DAC control diagram For increased flexibility, there are three methods to control the DAC and VGA gain. 1. Parallel Mode Use the 6 bit parallel port to provide fixed 0.5 dB gain steps. In this mode the DAC is controlled by a look up table with 64 states that map the 6 bit parallel port to fixed 11-Bit gain words for each state. The values of the LUT are fixed to give nominally 0.5 dB attenuation steps over a 31.5 dB gain range. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz 2. Correction Mode Use the SPI port in conjunction with the 6 bit parallel port to apply a 4 bit, 2’s complement, correction factor to any attenuation step. This option can be used to compensate the gain control for systematic variations in the transmit chain by adding negative or positive correction factors to any of the fixed LUT values to either slightly increase or decrease the gain step for that particulate state. This mode requires the host controller to write the desired corrections to the SPI after the chip is powered up. The correction factors are then applied to the desired gain steps when ever the parallel port gain control changes, until the chip is powered down. COR(dB) = 10 · log10 [( 1+ (CORword · mult) LUTword -1 ) ] where mult is the correction multiplication factor, and CORword and LUTword are the decimal equivalent of the binary correction and LUT word. An expression for determining the LUTword is given in the bypass mode section below. Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the range of correction in dB for 4 dB, 16 dB and 31.5 dB attenuation and Figure 6 shows the output power versus attenuation for no correction, maximum positive and maximum negative correction applied to all states in the LUT. The LUT value for 0 dB attenuation can only be decreased since it already at maximum. Increasing the word value will cause an overflow resulting in maximum attenuation instead. 1 0.3 X3 X4 ATTENUATION CHANGE (dB) ATTENUATION CHANGE (dB) 0.2 X2 0.1 X1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 X3 0.5 X4 X2 X1 0 -0.5 -1 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 LUT CORRECTION WORD LUT CORRECTION WORD Figure 3. Attenuation Change from 4 dB Attenuation vs. LUT Correction Word over Different Multiplication Factors Figure 4. Attenuation Change from 16 dB Attenuation vs. LUT Correction Word over Different Multiplication Factors For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT The 4 bit, 2’s compliment, correction factor for each line in the LUT are set by Reg4h to Reg13h. The correction factor for 0 dB attenuation (line 0) is set in Reg4h <3:0>, 0.5 dB (line 1) is set by Reg4h <7:4>, 1.0 dB (line 2) by Reg4h<11:8> and so on until Reg13h <15:12> which sets the correction factor for 31.5 dB attenuation. If more adjustment is needed, the LUT correction values can be increased by a factor of 2, 3, or 4 times by using Reg2h <15:8>. Reg2h <9:8> sets the multiplication factor for the first quadrant of the LUT, lines 0 to 15, <11:10> for lines 16 to 31, <13:12> for lines 32 to 47 and <15:14> for the last quadrant, lines 48 to 63. The correction in dB can be estimated by 10 - 18 HMC795LP5E 10 - 19 8 10 6 5 4 X1 2 X2 X3 0 X4 0 -2 -4 -8 -5 MAX +VE CORRECTION -10 -15 MAX -VE CORRECTION -20 -25 -6 -30 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 LUT CORRECTION WORD ATTENUATION (dB) Figure 5. Attenuation Change from 31.5 dB Attenuation vs. LUT Correction Word over Different Multiplication Factors Figure 6. Output Power @ 850 MHz vs. VGA Attenuation for no Correction, Maximum Positive & Maximum Negative Correction Values 3. Bypass Mode. Use the SPI port to bypass the parallel port and LUT completely. In this mode Reg2h<4> is set to enable the bypass mode. The host controller can then write the desired gain word to the SPI using Reg3h<10:0> for each and every desired gain change. The input word can be determined from the desired gain (in dB) by LUTword(10:0) = dec2bin[round[(211 - 1) · 10 (-attn)/20]] and is plotted in Figure 7. In the this mode it is possible to use much lower attenuation steps over a reduced gain control range. The limit for reliable attenuation steps is 0.1 dB with a gain control range of approximately 22 dB. 32 28 24 ATTENUATION (dB) modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz OUTPUT POWER (dBm) ATTENUATION CHANGE (dB) v00.0409 20 16 12 8 4 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 LUT WORD Figure 7. Attenuation vs. LUT word The DAC can be enabled/disabled separately through the serial port interface using bit 3 of register 01h. Disabling the DAC will also disable the VGA. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Bias Circuit A band gap reference circuit generates the reference currents used by the different sections. The bias circuit can be disabled with Reg01h <4>. Disabling the bias circuit will also disable the reference currents to all the other sections except the mixers, since they use an external bias. An external pin, pin 24, is also provided to allow for external decoupling for low noise performance, 100nF is recommended. Power on Reset and Soft Reset Serial Port Interface The HMC795LP5E features a four wire serial port for simple communication with the host controller. Register types may be Read Only, Write Only, or Read/Write, as described in the registers descriptions. Typical serial port operation can be run with SCK at speeds up to 50 MHz. The HMC795LP5E chip address is fixed as “4d” or “100b”. Serial Port WRITE Operation A typical WRITE cycle is shown in Figure 8. It is 40 clock cycles long. 1. The host both asserts SEN (active low Serial Port Enable) and places the MSB of the data on SDI followed by a rising edge on SCLK. 2. HMC795LP5E reads SDI on the 1st rising edge of SCLK after SEN. 3. HMC795LP5E registers the data bits in the next 29 rising edges of SCLK. 4. Host places the seven register address bits on the next seven falling edges of SCLK, MSB first. 5. HMC795LP5E registers the register address bits in the next seven rising edges of SCLK. 6. Host places the 3 chip address bits <100> on the next 3 falling edges of SCLK, MSB first. 7. HMC795LP5E registers the chip address bits in the next 3 rising edges of SCLK. 8. SEN is de-asserted on the 40th falling edge of SCLK. This completes the WRITE cycle. 9. HMC795LP5E also exports data back on the SDO line. For details see the section on READ operation. The host changes the data on the falling edge of SCLK and the HMC795LP5E reads the data on the rising edge. Serial Port READ Operation The SPI can read from the internal registers in the chip. The data is available on SDO line. This line itself is tri-stated after power up. After a WRITE cycle, the HMC795LP5E controls the SDO line and exports data on this line during the current WRITE cycle. The HMC795LP5E chip address is fixed as ‘4d’ or ‘100b’ A READ operation is always preceded by a WRITE operation to Register 0 to define the register to be queried. Every READ cycle is also a WRITE cycle in that data sent to the SPI while reading the data will also be stored by the HMC795LP5E when SEN goes high. If this is not desired then it is suggested to write to Register 0 during the READ operation as the status of the device will be unaffected. A typical READ cycle is also shown in Figure 8. A read cycle is 40 clock cycles long. To specifically read a register, the address of that register must be written in the register 0. A read cycle can then be initiated as follows; 10 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT The HMC795LP5E features a hardware Power On Reset (POR). All chip registers will be reset to default states approximately 250 us after power up. The SPI registers may also be hardware reset by holding RSTB, pin 1, low, or software reset by writing 80h to Reg00h followed by writing 00h to Reg00h. 1. The host asserts SEN (active low Serial Port Enable) followed by a rising edge SCLK. 2. HMC795LP5E reads SDI (the MSB) on the 1st rising edge of SCK after SEN. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 - 20 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz 3. HMC795LP5E registers the data bits in the next 29 rising edges of SCLK (total of 30 data bits). The LSBs of the data bits represent the address of the register that is intended to be read. 4. Host places the 7 register address bits on the next 7 falling edges of SCLK (MSB to LSB) while the HMC795LP5E reads the address bits on the corresponding rising edge of SCK. For a read operation this is “0000000”. 5. Host places the 3 chip address bits <100> on the next 3 falling edges of SCK (MSB to LSB). Note the HMC795LP5E chip address is fixed as “4d” or “100b”. modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 10 - 21 6. SEN goes from low to high after the 40th rising edge of SCK. This completes the first portion of the READ cycle. 7. The host asserts SEN (active low Serial Port Enable) followed by a rising edge SCLK. 8. HMC795LP5E places the 30 data bits, 7 address bits, and 3 chip id bits on the SDO on each rising edge of the SCK commencing with the first rising edge beginning with MSB. 9. The host de-asserts SEN (i.e. sets SEN high) after reading the 40 bits from the SDO output. The 32 bits consists of 30 data bits, 7 address bits, and the 3 chip id bits. This completes the READ cycle. Figure 8. SPI Timing Diagram for write and read operation Main SPI Timing Characteristics DVDD = +3.3V ±10%, GND = 0V Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max Units t1 SEN to SCK setup time 8 nsec t2 SDI to SCK setup time 8 nsec t3 SDI to CLK hold time 8 nsec t4 SCK high duration 8 nsec t5 SCK low duration 8 nsec t6 SEN low duration after 40th CLK 20 nsec t7 SEN high duration 20 nsec For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Output Matching The output ports of the VGA are differential open collectors that require pull up inductors to the positive supply and external matching components. The evaluation board uses a 2:1 impedance transformer to convert the differential output to single ended for evaluation purposes. Three options are available for the evaluation board, each with different matching components, one for 850 MHz, one for 1950 MHz, and another for 2690 MHz. When requesting an evaluation board, please reference the appropriate PCB number listed in the table “Components for the Selected Frequencies” Figure 9. Simple output matching network 0 10 NARROW BAND DIFFERENTIAL NARROW BAND DIFFERENTIAL -5 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) RETURN LOSS (dB) -10 -15 -20 WIDE BAND -25 DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENTIAL -35 -40 [1] WIDE BAND -30 [2] WIDE BAND DIFFERENTIAL 5 [2] WIDE BAND SINGLE ENDED WIDE BAND DIFFERENTIAL 0 [1] -5 WIDE BAND SINGLE ENDED 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 10. Output Return Loss for Various Matching Options 3000 -10 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 11. Output Power for Various Matching Options [1] With TCN2-14 Transformer [1] With TCN2-14 Transformer [2] With TCN2-26 Transformer [2] With TCN2-26 Transformer A narrow band solution, with higher output power, is possible by using a simple L-match network, as shown in Figure 12. A shunt resistor is included to control the Q of the matching network and sets the output power of the HMC795LP5E. Consequently a low value resistor will result in a broadband match but lower output power than a high value resistor. The table below provides recommend component values for various output frequencies with a bandwidth of approximately 5-10%. It is also possible to use an LC matching network where L2 is removed and the DC blocking capacitor is used as a matching component. Experiments show that the output power is reduced approximately 1 -2 dB though and that values for the capacitors become unrealistic (< 500 fF) above 2 GHz. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT There are a number of ways to match the RF output of the HMC795LP5E for optimum performance. The most basic method is to use a 50 Ω resistor to Vcc and a 1 nF dc bypass capacitor connected in series as shown Figure 9(a). This option provides a good broadband match, see Figure 10, but limits the maximum output power, compared to a narrow band match, see Figure 11. Single-ended operation is possible by using a transformer, which can limit the bandwidth, as seen in the output power plot, or by using only one side of the differential output. However, biasing for the unused side is still required. For best performance it is recommended to terminate the unused side with the same matching and load impedance as the used side, see Figure 9(b). Output power is generally reduced by 2 to 3 dB for singleended operation, as shown in Figure 11. 10 - 22 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Figure 12. Simple output matching network modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 10 - 23 Recommending Matching Components 450 MHz 850 MHz 1450 MHz 1850 MHz 1950 MHz L1 270 nH L2 82 nH 2400 MHz 2500 MHz 47 nH 12 nH 5.6 nH 27 nh 12 nH 12 nH 2690 4.7 nH 2.7 nH 2.2 nH 1.8 nH 10 nH 6.8 nH 5.6 nH 5.6 nH R1 - 2.4K 2.4K - - - - - T1 Bypassed TCN2-14 TCN2-14 TCN2-26 TCN2-26 TCN2-26 TCN2-26 TCN2-26 DAC Modulator Interface Network The HMC795LP5Eis capable of interfacing with a variety of popular D/A Convertors. Most DAC have differential outputs with a source or sink current of 0 mA to 20 mA. However, most DACs require a different output compliance voltage than that of the DC input bias level for the HMC795LP5E. A passive interface network can be used to transform the common-mode voltage of the DAC to the desired DC input bias of the modulator of 1.3V. Figures 13 and 14 show the interface network for two different topologies. 1. Topology 1. DAC Vcm > HMC795LP5E Vcm. This topology is used shift the DAC output common mode voltage down to the required DC level at the modulator input. 2. Topology 2. DAC Vcm < HMC795LP5E Vcm. This topology is used shift the DAC output common mode voltage up to the required DC level at the modulator input. The resistive level-shifting network is not frequency sensitive but the resistive divider network inherent in the network attenuates the baseband signal. The bypass capacitors shown Figures 13 and 14 will eliminate the attenuation for frequencies greater than 3 kHz. Either topology can be used on the HMC795LP5E evaluation board. Figure 13. DAC Interface network topology 1 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz 10 Figure 14. DAC Interface network topology 2 DAC Interface Network Values Topology 1 Topology 2 DAC Vcm 3.3 0.5 R1 62 Ω 36 Ω R2 130 Ω 200 Ω R3 82 Ω 910 Ω Register Map Reg 01h - Enable / Control Register Bit Width Default [0] enLO Name 1 1 enables LO path Description [1] enMix 1 1 enables Mixer LO bias - see I/Q modulator section for more detail [2] enDrvr 1 1 enables output driver [3] enDAC 1 1 enables gain control DAC [4] enBias 1 1 enables bandgap and bias Reg 02h - Function Register Width Default [1:0} Bit Reserved 2 00 Reserved [3:2] Reserved 2 00 Reserved LUT Bypass 1 0 Allows direct control of the gain control DAC via the DAC word in Reg03 Reserved 2 00 Reserved LO Buffer Bias 1 0 Increases the LO buffer bias current by approximately 7.5mA 00 Multiplication factor for correction to attenuation settings 0 to 7.5dB 00: x1 (default) 01: x2 10: x3 11: x4 [4] [6:5] [7] [9:8] Name mult_0 2 Description For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com modulators - direct quadrature - SMT v00.0409 10 - 24 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Reg 02h - Function Register Bit [11:10] modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 10 - 25 [13:12] Name Width mult_1 2 mult_2 2 Default Description 00 Multiplication factor for lines 16 - 31 of LUT (2nd Quadrant) 00: x1 (nom) 01: x2 10: x3 11: x4 00 Multiplication factor for correction to attenuation settings 16 to 23.5dB 00: x1 (default) 01: x2 10: x3 11: x4 00 Multiplication factor for correction to attenuation settings 24 - 31.5dB 00: x1 (default) 01: x2 10: x3 11: x4 [15:13] mult_3 2 [17:16] Reserved 2 00 Reserved [21:18] Reserved 4 0000 Reserved Width Default Reg 03h - Gain Control Bit Name Description Gain control DAC input word. LUT bypass bit in register 2h must be enabled. [10:0] idac 11 000h Gain control DAC word consists of an 11bit input word where 7FFh is maximum gain and 36h corresponds to minimum gain. Neglecting DAC error, the input word can be determined from the desired gain (in dB) as follows: idac<10:0>=dec2bin(round((2^(11) 1)*10^(gain/20))) Reg 04h - LUT Correction 0 - 3 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 0 -15 (attenuation 0 to 7.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [9:8] Bit [3:0] Name LUT_0 Width Default 4 0000 Description 2’s complement 4bit correction to LUT line 0 (attenuation 0 dB) [7:4] LUT_1 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 1 (attenuation 0.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_2 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 2 (attenuation 1 dB) [15:12] LUT_3 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 3 (attenuation 1.5 dB) For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Reg 05h - LUT Correction 4 - 7 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 0 -15 (attenuation 0 to 7.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [9:8] Name Width Default Description [3:0] LUT_4 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 4 (attenuation 2 dB) [7:4] LUT_5 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 5 (attenuation 2.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_6 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 6 (attenuation 3 dB) [15:12] LUT_7 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 7 (attenuation 3.5 dB) Reg 06h - LUT Correction 8 - 11 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 0 -15 (attenuation 0 to 7.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [9:8] Bit Name Width Default Description [3:0] LUT_8 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 8 (attenuation 4 dB) [7:4] LUT_9 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 9 (attenuation 4.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_10 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 10 (attenuation 5 dB) [15:12] LUT_11 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 11 (attenuation 5.5 dB) Reg 07h - LUT Correction 12 - 15 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 0 -15 (attenuation 0 to 7.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [9:8] Bit Name Width Default Description [3:0] LUT_12 4 0000 [7:4] LUT_13 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 12 (attenuation 6 dB) 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 13 (attenuation 6.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_14 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 14 (attenuation 7 dB) [15:12] LUT_15 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 15 (attenuation 7.5 dB) Reg 08h - LUT Correction 16 - 19 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 16 - 31 (attenuation 8 to 15.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [11:10] Width Default [3:0] Bit LUT_16 Name 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 16 (attenuation 8 dB) Description [7:4] LUT_17 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 17 (attenuation 8.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_18 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 18 (attenuation 9 dB) [15:12] LUT_19 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 19 (attenuation 9.5 dB) For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 modulators - direct quadrature - SMT Bit 10 - 26 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Reg 09h - LUT Correction 20 - 23 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 16 - 31 (attenuation 8 to 15.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [11:10] Bit [3:0] modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 10 - 27 Width Default LUT_20 Name 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 20 (attenuation 10 dB) Description [7:4] LUT_21 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 21 (attenuation 10.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_22 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 22 (attenuation 11 dB) [15:12] LUT_23 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 23 (attenuation 11.5 dB) Reg 0Ah - LUT Correction 24 - 27 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 16 - 31 (attenuation 8 to 15.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [11:10] Bit [3:0] Width Default LUT_24 Name 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 24 (attenuation 12 dB) Description [7:4] LUT_25 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 25 (attenuation 12.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_26 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 26 (attenuation 13 dB) [15:12] LUT_27 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 27 (attenuation 13.5 dB) Reg 0Bh - LUT Correction 28 - 31 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 16 - 31 (attenuation 8 to 15.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [11:10] Bit Name Width Default Description [3:0] LUT_28 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 28 (attenuation 14 dB) [7:4] LUT_29 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 29 (attenuation 14.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_30 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 30 (attenuation 15 dB) [15:12] LUT_31 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 31 (attenuation 15.5 dB) Reg 0Ch - LUT Correction 32 - 35 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 32 - 47 (attenuation 15 to 23.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [13:12] Bit Name Width Default Description [3:0] LUT_32 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 32 (attenuation 16 dB) [7:4] LUT_33 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 33 (attenuation 16.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_34 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 34 (attenuation 17 dB) [15:12] LUT_35 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 35 (attenuation 17.5 dB) For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Reg 0Dh - LUT Correction 36 - 39 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 32 - 47 (attenuation 15 to 23.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [13:12] Width Default [3:0] LUT_36 Name 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 36 (attenuation 18 dB) Description [7:4] LUT_37 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 37 (attenuation 18.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_38 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 38 (attenuation 19 dB) [15:12] LUT_39 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 39 (attenuation 19.5 dB) 10 Reg 0Eh - LUT Correction 40 - 43 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 32 - 47 (attenuation 15 to 23.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [13:12] Bit Name Width Default Description [3:0] LUT_40 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 40 (attenuation 20 dB) [7:4] LUT_41 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 41 (attenuation 20.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_42 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 42 (attenuation 21 dB) [15:12] LUT_43 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 43 (attenuation 21.5 dB) Reg 0Fh - LUT Correction 44 - 47 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 32 - 47 (attenuation 15 to 23.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [13:12] Bit Name Width Default Description [3:0] LUT_44 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 44 (attenuation 22 dB) [7:4] LUT_45 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 45 (attenuation 22.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_46 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 46 (attenuation 23 dB) [15:12] LUT_47 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 47 (attenuation 23.5 dB) Reg 10h - LUT Correction 48 - 51 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 48 - 63 (attenuation 24 to 31.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [15:14] Bit Name Width Default Description [3:0] LUT_48 4 0000 [7:4] LUT_49 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 48 (attenuation 24 dB) 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 49 (attenuation 24.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_50 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 50 (attenuation 25 dB) [15:12] LUT_51 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 51 (attenuation 25.5 dB) For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com modulators - direct quadrature - SMT Bit 10 - 28 HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Reg 11h - LUT Correction 52 - 55 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 48 - 63 (attenuation 24 to 31.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [15:14] Bit modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 10 - 29 Name Width Default Description [3:0] LUT_52 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 52 (attenuation 26 dB) [7:4] LUT_53 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 53 (attenuation 26.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_54 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 54 (attenuation 27 dB) [15:12] LUT_55 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 55 (attenuation 27.5 dB) Reg 12h - LUT Correction 56 - 59 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 48 - 63 (attenuation 24 to 31.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [15:14] Bit [3:0] Name LUT_56 Width Default 4 0000 Description 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 56 (attenuation 28 dB) [7:4] LUT_57 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 57 (attenuation 28.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_58 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 58 (attenuation 29 dB) [15:12] LUT_59 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 59 (attenuation 29.5 dB) Reg 13h - LUT Correction 60 - 63 LUT correction values below can also be multiplied by 1,2,3, or 4 if more correction is needed. Multiplication factor for LUT lines 48 - 63 (attenuation 24 to 31.5 dB) is set in Reg2 by bits mult_0 [15:14] Bit [3:0] Name LUT_60 Width Default 4 0000 Description 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 60 (attenuation 30 dB) [7:4] LUT_61 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 61 (attenuation 30.5 dB) [11:8] LUT_62 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 62 (attenuation 31 dB) [15:12] LUT_63 4 0000 2’s complement 4-bit correction to LUT line 63 (attenuation 31.5 dB) For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC795LP5E v00.0409 SiGe Wideband Direct Quadrature Modulator w/ vga, 50 - 2800 MHz Characterization Set-up modulators - direct quadrature - SMT 10 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 10 - 30