HT46RU67/HT46CU67 A/D Type 8-Bit MCU with LCD Technical Document · Tools Information · FAQs · Application Note - HA0003E Communicating between the HT48 & HT46 Series MCUs and the HT93LC46 EEPROM - HA0004E HT48 & HT46 MCU UART Software Implementation Method - HA0005E Controlling the I2C bus with the HT48 & HT46 MCU Series - HA0047E An PWM application example using the HT46 series of MCUs - HA0075E MCU Reset and Oscillator Circuits Application Note Features · Operating voltage: · Watchdog Timer fSYS=4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V fSYS=8MHz: 3.3V~5.5V · Buzzer output function · Crystal, RC and 32768Hz crystal system oscillator · 32 bidirectional I/O lines option · Two external interrupt inputs · Power down and wake-up functions reduce power · Dual 16-bit programmable timer/event counters with consumption Programmable Frequency Divider, PFD, function · 16-level subroutine nesting · Single 8-bit programmable timer/event counter with · 8-channel 12-bit resolution A/D converter source clock prescaler · 4-channel PWM outputs shared with 4 I/O lines · 47´3 or 46´4 segment LCD driver with logic · SIO - Synchronous serial I/O - function output option for SEG0~SEG23) · Bit manipulation instruction · 32K´16 program memory · 16-bit table read instruction · 768´8 data memory RAM · Up to 0.5ms instruction cycle with 8MHz system clock · Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter · 63 powerful instructions -UART · Instruction execution within 1 or 2 machine cycles · PFD function for sound generation · Low voltage reset/detector function · Real Time Clock - RTC · 52-pin QFP, 56-pin SSOP packages · 8-bit RTC prescaler 100-pin QFP packages General Description The HT46RU67/HT46CU67 are 8-bit, high performance, RISC architecture microcontroller devices specifically designed for A/D product applications that interface directly to analog signals and which require an LCD Interface. The HT46CU67, mask version device, is fully pin and functionally compatible with its sister HT46RU67 OTP device. Converter, Pulse Width Modulation function, UART, serial I/O interface, Power Down and Wake-up functions, in addition to a flexible and configurable LCD interface enhance the versatility of these devices to control a wide range of applications requiring analog signal processing and LCD interfacing, such as electronic metering, environmental monitoring, handheld measurement tools, motor driving, etc. for both the industrial and home appliance application areas. The advantages of low power consumption, I/O flexibility, timer functions, oscillator options, multi-channel A/D Rev. 1.10 1 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Block Diagram In te rru p t C ir c u it P ro g ra m E P R O M M T M R 2 C T M R 2 P r e s c a le r U X M U P r e s c a le r X In s tr u c tio n R e g is te r M M P U D A T A M e m o ry X T M R 1 C T M R 1 P F D 1 M U P D 7 /T M R 1 fS X fS M U X In s tr u c tio n D e c o d e r M W D T S T A T U S A L U T im e B a s e P W M A C C C 1 S D S C 3 B P P D L C D M e m o ry U A R T P C C L C D D r iv e r C O M 0 ~ C O M 2 P o rt D S IO P o rt C P C C O M 3 / S E G 4 6 8 -C h a n n e l A /D C o n v e rte r S E G 0 ~ S E G 4 5 E N /D IS P B C P o rt B P B H A L T P A C L V D /L V R P A 2 U Y S /4 O S C 3 O S C 4 R T C O S C X W D T O S C S h ifte r P D C /4 Y S 3 2 7 6 8 H z R T C Rev. 1.10 Y S P D 6 /T M R 0 P F D 0 O S R E V D V S O S fS T M R 2 IN T C T M R 0 C T M R 0 O S C 2 O S C 4 Y S S T A C K P ro g ra m C o u n te r T im in g G e n e r a tio n fS P o rt A P D 0 P D 4 P D 5 P D 6 P D 7 /P W /IN /IN /T M /T M P C 0 P C 1 P C 2 P C 3 P C 4 P C 5 P C 6 P C 7 /T M /S D /S D /S C /S C M 0 ~ P D 3 /P W M 3 T 0 T 1 R 0 R 1 R 2 I O K S /T X /R X P B 0 /A N 0 ~ P B 7 /A N 7 P A 0 P A 1 P A 2 P A 3 P A 4 /B Z /B Z /P F D ~ P A 7 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Pin Assignment 1 5 6 R E S P A 1 /B Z 2 5 5 O S C 1 P A 2 3 5 4 O S C 2 P A 3 /P F D 4 5 3 V D D P A 4 5 5 2 O S C 3 P A 5 6 5 1 O S C 4 P A 6 7 5 0 S E G 1 6 P A 7 8 4 9 S E G 1 7 P C 6 /T X 9 4 8 S E G 1 8 P C 7 /R X 1 0 4 7 S E G 1 9 S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G O S C O S C V D V R E A V D O S C O S C R E P A 0 /B P A 1 /B P A P A 3 /P F P A P A 0 /B Z D D D S Z Z F 1 4 4 3 S E G 2 3 V S S 1 5 4 2 S E G 2 4 P D 0 /P W M 0 1 6 4 1 S E G 2 5 P D 1 /P W M 1 1 7 4 0 S E G 2 6 P D 2 /P W M 2 1 8 3 9 S E G 2 7 P D 4 /IN T 0 1 9 3 8 S E G 2 8 P D 5 /IN T 1 2 0 3 7 S E G 2 9 P D 6 /T M R 0 2 1 3 6 S E G 3 0 V L C D 2 2 3 5 S E G 3 1 V M A X 2 3 3 4 S E G 3 2 V 1 2 4 3 3 S E G 3 3 V 2 2 5 3 2 S E G 3 4 C 1 2 6 3 1 C O M 3 /S E G 4 6 C 2 2 7 3 0 C O M 2 C O M 0 2 8 2 9 C O M 1 P P P P P P P 1 0 0 9 9 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 4 9 3 9 2 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 4 8 3 8 2 8 1 1 8 0 2 7 9 3 7 8 4 7 7 5 7 6 6 7 5 7 7 4 8 7 3 9 7 2 1 0 7 1 1 1 7 0 6 9 6 8 6 7 6 6 6 5 6 4 6 3 6 2 6 1 6 0 5 9 5 8 5 7 5 6 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 H T 4 6 R U 6 7 /H T 4 6 C U 6 7 1 0 0 Q F P -A 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G N C S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G C O M C O M C O M C O M C 2 C 1 V 2 V 1 V M A V L C H T 4 6 R U 6 7 /H T 4 6 C U 6 7 5 6 S S O P -A 6 P B 3 /A N 3 5 S E G 2 2 4 4 4 3 1 3 4 P B 2 /A N 2 2 1 0 S E G 2 1 3 S E G 2 0 4 5 2 4 6 1 2 1 1 1 P B 1 /A N 1 2 4 P B 0 /A N 0 P A 5 P A 6 P A 7 P C 4 /S C S P C 5 P C 6 /T X P C 7 /R X P B 0 /A N 0 P B 1 /A N 1 P B 2 /A N 2 P B 3 /A N 3 P B 4 /A N 4 P B 5 /A N 5 P B 6 /A N 6 P B 7 /A N 7 V S S A V S S D 0 /P W M 0 D 1 /P W M 1 D 2 /P W M 2 D 3 /P W M 3 P D 4 /IN T 0 P D 5 /IN T 1 D 6 /T M R 0 D 7 /T M R 1 C 0 /T M R 2 P C 1 /S D I P C 2 /S D O P C 3 /S C K N C D 1 0 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 3 /S E G 4 6 2 X S E G 1 S E G 1 O S C O S C V D O S C O S C R E P A 0 /B P A 1 /B P A P A 3 /P F P A D D S Z Z 7 P D 0 /P P D 1 /P P D 2 /P 6 P 4 P 3 2 1 P 2 4 P P C P C B 0 B 1 B 2 B 3 P A 5 P A 6 P A 7 6 /T X 7 /R X /A N 0 /A N 1 /A N 2 /A N 3 V S S W M 0 W M 1 W M 2 5 2 5 1 5 0 4 9 4 8 4 7 4 6 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 1 4 0 1 3 9 2 3 8 3 3 7 4 3 6 5 3 5 6 H T 4 6 R U 6 7 /H T 4 6 C U 6 7 5 2 Q F P -A 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 0 2 9 2 8 2 7 S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G S E G 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 S E G S E G S E G C O M C O M C O M C O M V 1 V M A V L C P D 6 P D 5 P D 4 D 2 1 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 /S E G 4 6 X /T M R 0 /IN T 1 /IN T 0 Rev. 1.10 3 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Pin Description Pin Name PA0/BZ PA1/BZ PA2 PA3/PFD PA4~PA7 PB0/AN0~ PB7/AN7 PC0/TMR2 PC1/SDI PC2/SDO PC3/SCK PC4/SCS PC5 PC6/TX PC7/RX PD0/PWM0 PD1/PWM1 PD2/PWM2 PD3/PWM3 PD4/INT0 PD5/INT1 PD6/TMR0 PD7/TMR1 I/O Configuration Option Description I/O Pull-high Wake-up Buzzer PFD Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each individual pin on this port can be configured as a wake-up input by a configuration option. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. Pins PA0, PA1 and PA3 are pin-shared with BZ, BZ and PFD respectively, the function of which is chosen via configuration options. Pull-high Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. PB is pin-shared with the A/D input pins. The A/D inputs are selected via software instructions. Once selected as an A/D input, the I/O function and pull-high resistor functions are disabled automatically. Pull-high Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. A Configuration option determines if the port has pull-high resistors. Pin PC0 is pin-shared with the timer input pin TMR2. Pins PC4, PC3, PC2 and PC1 are pin-shared with SCS, SCK, SDO and SDI. Pins PC6 and PC7 are pin-shared with the UART pins TX and RX. Pull-high PWM Interrupt Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. PD0~PD3 are pin-shared with PWM0~PWM3, the function of each pin is selected via a configuration option. Pins PD4 and PD5 are pin-shared with external interrupt input pins INT0 and INT1 respectively. Configuration options determine the interrupt enable/disable and the interrupt low/high trigger type. Pins PD6 and PD7 are pin-shared with the external timer input pins TMR0 and TMR1 respectively. I/O I/O I/O OSC1 OSC2 I O Crystal or RC OSC1 and OSC2 are connected to an external RC network or external crystal, determined by configuration option, for the internal system clock. For external RC system clock operation, OSC2 is an output pin where the system frequency can be monitored, at a frequency of 1/4 system clock. If an RTC oscillator on pins OSC3 and OSC4 is used as a system clock, then the OSC1 and OSC2 pins should be left floating. OSC3 OSC4 I O RTC or System Clock OSC3 and OSC4 are connected to a 32768Hz crystal to form a real time clock for timing purposes or to form a system clock. VLCD ¾ ¾ LCD power supply VMAX ¾ ¾ IC maximum voltage, connect to VDD, VLCD or V1 V1, V2, C1, C2 I ¾ LCD voltage pump SEG0~SEG7 O SEG0~SEG7 or CMOS Output SEG8~SEG15 O LCD driver outputs for LCD panel segments. A configuration option can SEG8~SEG15 or select all pins to be used as segment drivers or all pins to be used as CMOS Output CMOS outputs. SEG16~SEG23 O LCD driver outputs for LCD panel segments. Configuration options can SEG16~SEG23 select each pin to be used as either a segment driver or each pin to be or CMOS Output used as a CMOS output. SEG24~SEG45 O Rev. 1.10 ¾ LCD driver outputs for the LCD panel segments. A configuration option can select all pins to be used as segment drivers or all pins to be used as CMOS outputs. LCD driver outputs for LCD panel segments 4 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Pin Name I/O Configuration Option Description An LCD duty-cycle configuration option determines if SEG46 is config1/3 or 1/4 Duty ured as a segment driver or as a common output driver for the LCD COM3 or SEG46 panel. COM0~COM2 are the LCD common outputs. COM0~COM2 COM3/SEG46 O VREF I ¾ Reference voltage input pin. RES I ¾ Schmitt Trigger reset input. Active low. VDD ¾ ¾ Positive power supply VSS ¾ ¾ Negative power supply, ground AVDD I ¾ Positive analog power supply AVSS I ¾ Negative analog power supply, ground Note: Each pin on Port A can be programmed through a configuration option to have a wake-up function. Pins V2, C1, C2 and segment pin SEG34 are not available on the 52-pin QFP package. Segment pins SEG0~SEG15 and SEG35~SEG45 only exist on the 100-pin QFP package. For the 52-pin QFP and 56-pin SSOP, the VREF, AVDD are bonded together VDD. For the 52-pin QFP and 56-pin SSOP, the AVSS is bonded together VSS. Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V Storage Temperature ............................-50°C to 125°C Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V IOL Total ..............................................................150mA Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C IOH Total............................................................-100mA Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability. D.C. Characteristics Ta=25°C Test Conditions Symbol Parameter VDD VDD Operating Voltage Typ. Max. Unit ¾ fSYS=4MHz 2.2 ¾ 5.5 V ¾ fSYS=8MHz 3.3 ¾ 5.5 V 3.0 ¾ 5.5 V ¾ 1 2 mA ¾ 3 5 mA ¾ 1.5 3 mA ¾ 3 6 mA AVDD Analog Operating Voltage (see Note 5) ¾ VREF=AVDD IDD1 Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) 3V 5V No load, fSYS=4MHz, ADC Off, UART Off Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) 5V IDD2 Min. Conditions 3V No load, fSYS=4MHz, ADC Off, UART On IDD3 Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) 5V No load, fSYS=8MHz, ADC Off, UART Off ¾ 4 8 mA IDD4 Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) 5V No load, fSYS=8MHz, ADC Off, UART On ¾ 5 10 mA IDD5 Operating Current (fSYS=32768Hz) ¾ 0.3 0.6 mA ¾ 1 1.9 mA ¾ ¾ 1 mA ¾ ¾ 2 mA ISTB1 Rev. 1.10 Standby Current (*fS=T1) 3V 5V 3V 5V No load, ADC Off, UART Off No load, system HALT, LCD Off at HALT, UART Off 5 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Test Conditions Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit No load, system HALT, LCD On at HALT, C type, UART Off ¾ 2.5 5 mA ¾ 10 20 mA No load, system HALT, LCD On at HALT, C type, UART Off ¾ 2 5 mA ¾ 6 10 mA ¾ 17 30 mA ¾ 34 60 mA ¾ 13 25 mA ¾ 28 50 mA ¾ 14 25 mA ¾ 26 50 mA ¾ 10 20 mA ¾ 19 40 mA VDD ISTB2 ISTB3 ISTB4 Standby Current (*fS=RTC OSC) 3V Standby Current (*fS=WDT OSC) 3V Standby Current (*fS=RTC OSC) 5V 5V 3V 5V ISTB5 Standby Current (*fS=RTC OSC) 3V 5V ISTB6 Standby Current (*fS=WDT OSC) 3V 5V ISTB7 Standby Current (*fS=WDT OSC) 3V 5V Conditions No load, system HALT, LCD On at HALT, R type, 1/2 bias, VLCD=VDD, UART Off (Low bias current option) No load, system HALT, LCD On at HALT, R type, 1/3 bias, VLCD=VDD, UART Off (Low bias current option) No load, system HALT, LCD On at HALT, R type, 1/2 bias, VLCD=VDD, UART Off (Low bias current option) No load, system HALT, LCD On at HALT, R type, 1/3 bias, VLCD=VDD, UART Off (Low bias current option) VIL1 Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR0, TMR1, INT0 and INT1 ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.3VDD V VIH1 Input High Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR0, TMR1, INT0 and INT1 ¾ ¾ 0.7VDD ¾ VDD V VIL2 Input Low Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.4VDD V VIH2 Input High Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0.9VDD ¾ VDD V LVR 2.1V option 1.98 2.1 2.22 V LVR 3.15V option 2.98 3.15 3.32 V LVR 4.2V option 3.98 4.2 4.42 V LVD voltage 2.2V option 2.1 2.2 2.31 V LVD voltage 3.3V option 3.15 3.3 3.46 V LVD voltage 4.4V option 4.2 4.4 4.62 V 52QFP, 56SSOP 0 ¾ AVDD V 80QFP, 100QFP 0 ¾ VREF V AVDD=3V 1.3 ¾ AVDD V AVDD=5V 1.5 ¾ AVDD V 6 12 ¾ mA 10 25 ¾ mA -2 -4 ¾ mA -5 -8 ¾ mA VLVR VLVD VAD VREF IOL1 IOH1 Rev. 1.10 Low Voltage Reset Voltage Low Voltage Detector Voltage A/D Input Voltage ¾ ¾ ¾ ADC Input Reference Voltage Range ¾ I/O Port Segment Logic Output Sink Current 3V I/O Port Segment Logic Output Source Current VOL=0.1VDD 5V 3V VOH=0.9VDD 5V 6 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Test Conditions Symbol Parameter VDD LCD Common and Segment Current IOL2 LCD Common and Segment Current IOH2 3V Typ. Max. Unit 210 420 ¾ mA 350 700 ¾ mA -80 -160 ¾ mA -180 -360 ¾ mA ¾ 20 60 100 kW ¾ 10 30 50 kW ¾ 0.5 1 mA ¾ 1.5 3 mA VOL=0.1VDD 5V 3V VOH=0.9VDD 5V Pull-high Resistance of I/O 3V Ports 5V and INT0, INT1 RPH Min. Conditions 3V Additional Power Consumption if A/D Converter is Used 5V DNL ADC Differential Non-Linear 5V AVDD=5V, VREF=AVDD, tAD=1ms ¾ ¾ ±2 LSB INL ADC Integral Non-Linear 5V AVDD=5V, VREF=AVDD, tAD=1ms ¾ ±2.5 ±4 LSB ¾ ¾ 12 Bits IADC RESOLU Resolution Note: tAD=1ms ¾ ¾ 1. ²*fS² refer to the WDT clock option 2. ISTB1=WDT disable, ISTB2~ISTB7=WDT enable 3. Voltage level of AVDD and VDD must be the same. A.C. Characteristics Ta=25°C Test Conditions Symbol Parameter VDD System Clock (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) fSYS1 Typ. Max. Unit ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 400 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 400 ¾ 8000 kHz 2.2V~5.5V ¾ 32768 ¾ Hz ¾ 32768 ¾ Hz fSYS2 System Clock (32768Hz Crystal OSC) ¾ fRTCOSC RTC Frequency ¾ fTIMER Timer I/P Frequency (TMR0/TMR1) tWDTOSC Watchdog Oscillator Period Min. Conditions ¾ ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 0 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 0 ¾ 8000 kHz 3V ¾ 45 90 180 ms 5V ¾ 32 65 130 ms tRES External Reset Low Pulse Width ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tSST System Start-up Timer Period ¾ Power-up or wake-up from HALT ¾ 1024 ¾ tSYS tLVR Low Voltage Width to Reset ¾ ¾ 0.25 1 2 ms tINT Interrupt Pulse Width ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tAD A/D Clock Period ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms tADC A/D Conversion Time ¾ ¾ ¾ 80 ¾ tAD tADCS A/D Sampling Time ¾ ¾ ¾ 32 ¾ tAD Note: tSYS= 1/fSYS1 or 1/fSYS2 Rev. 1.10 7 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Functional Description Execution Flow Program Counter - PC The system clock is derived from either a crystal or an RC oscillator or a 32768Hz crystal oscillator. It is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles. The program counter is 15 bits wide and controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in the program ROM are executed. The contents of the PC can specify a maximum of 32768´16 addresses. Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes one instruction cycle while decoding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. The pipelining scheme allows each instruction to be effectively executed in a cycle. If an instruction changes the value of the program counter, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. After accessing a program memory word to fetch an instruction code, the value of the PC is incremented by 1. The PC then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. S y s te m O S C 2 (R C T 1 C lo c k T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 When executing instructions requiring jumps to non-consecutive addresses such as a jump instruction,a subroutine call, interrupt or reset, etc., the T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 o n ly ) P C P C P C + 1 F e tc h IN S T (P C ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C -1 ) P C + 2 F e tc h IN S T (P C + 1 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C ) F e tc h IN S T (P C + 2 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C + 1 ) Execution Flow Program Counter Mode *14 *13 *12 *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 Initial Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 External Interrupt 0 or A/D Converter Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 External Interrupt 1 or Serial Interface Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 UART Bus Interrupt or Serial Interface Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Multi-function Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 Skip Program Counter + 2 (Within the current bank) Loading PCL *14 *13 *12 *11 *10 *9 *8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Jump, Call Branch BP.6 BP.5 #12 #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 Return from Subroutine S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Program Counter Note: *14~*0: Program counter bits #12~#0: Instruction code bits 1 4 1 3 1 2 8 7 P ro g ra m B P .6 S14~S0: Stack register bits @7~@0: PCL bits 0 C o u n te r B P .5 B a n k P o in te r (B P ) Rev. 1.10 8 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Certain locations in the Program Memory are reserved for special usage: microcontroller manages program control by loading the required address into the Program Counter. For conditional skip instructions, once the condition has been met, the next instruction, which has already been fetched during the present instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle takes its place while the correct instruction is obtained. · Location 000H Location 000H is reserved for program initialisation. After a device reset, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. · Location 004H The lower byte of the Program Counter, known as the Program Counter Low register or PCL, is available for program control and is a readable and writable register. By transferring data directly into this register, a short program jump can be executed directly, however, as only this low byte is available for manipulation, the jumps are limited to the present page of memory, that is 256 locations. When such program jumps are executed it should also be noted that a dummy cycle will be inserted. Location 004H is reserved for the external interrupt or the A/D converter interrupt, selected via configuration option. If the INT0 input pin is activated or if an A/D conversion has completed, the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 004H. · Location 008H Location 008H is also reserved for the external interrupt service program or serial interface interrupt, selected via configuration option. If the INT1 input pin is activated, or 8-bit data have been received/transmitted successful from serial interface, the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. As the Program Memory is stored in two Banks, the Bank selection is under the control of bit 5 of the Bank Pointer. It is this Bank Pointer bit that controls the highest address bit of the Program Counter as shown in the diagram. · Location 00CH Program Memory Location 00CH is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. The program memory is used to store the program instructions, which are to be executed. It also contains data, table, and interrupt entries, and is organized into a format of 32768´16 bits, which are addressed by the PC and table pointer. The Program Memory is divided into two banks, Bank0 and Bank1. Each bank has a capacity of 8192´16 bits and is selected using bits BP.5 and PB.6 in the the bank pointer register. With BP = 000XXXXXB, Bank 0 is selected and with BP = 001XXXXXB, Bank 1 is selected, Bank 2 is selected and with BP = 010xxxxxB; Bank 3 is selected and with BP = 011xxxxxB. The JMP and CALL instructions provide only 13 bits of address to allow branching within any 8K program memory bank. When executing a JMP or CALL instruction, the user must ensure that the bank pointer bit, BP.5, BP.6 is programmed so that the desired program memory bank is addressed. If a return from a CALL instruction or interrupt is executed, the entire 14 bit PC is popped off the stack. Therefore, manipulation of the BP.5 is not required when the RET or RETI instructions are executed. 0 0 0 H D e v ic e in itia liz a tio n p r o g r a m 0 0 4 H E x te rn a A /D E x te rn a o r S e 0 0 8 H 0 0 C H l in te r r u p t 0 s u b r o u tin e / C o n v e rte r In te rru p t l In te r r u p t 1 S u b r o u tin e r ia l In te r fa c e In te r r u p t T im e r /e v e n t c o u n te r 0 in te r r u p t s u b r o u tin e 0 1 0 H T im e r /e v e n t c o u n te r 1 in te r r u p t s u b r o u tin e 0 1 4 H U A R T B u s In te rru p t o r S e r ia l In te r fa c e In te r r u p t 0 1 8 H P ro g ra m M e m o ry (8 1 9 2 M u lti- F u n c tio n In te r r u p t n 0 0 H ´ 4 B a n k ) L o o k - u p ta b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) n F F H 1 F 0 0 H L o o k - u p ta b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) 1 F F F H N o te : n ra n g e s fro m 1 6 b its 0 to 1 F Program Memory Instruction(s) Table Location *14~*8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 TABRDC [m] TBHP @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 TABRDL [m] 1111111 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Table Location Note: *14~*0: Table location bits @7~@0: Table pointer lower-order bits (TBLP) Rev. 1.10 TBHP: Table pointer higher-order bits 9 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 · Location 010H nor part of the program, and is neither readable nor writeable. Its activated level is indexed by a stack pointer, known as SP, which is neither readable nor writeable. At the start of a subroutine call or an interrupt acknowledgment, the contents of the program counter is pushed onto the stack. At the end of the subroutine or interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction, RET or RETI, the contents of the program counter is restored to its previous value from the stack. After a device reset, the stack pointer will point to the top of the stack. Location 010H is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. · Location 014H Location 014H is reserved for the UART Bus interrupt service program or serial interface interrupt, selected via configuration option. If the UART Bus interrupt resulting from a transmission flag or reception is completed, or 8-bit data have been received/transmitted successful from serial interface, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag is recorded but the acknowledge signal is still inhibited. Once the SP is decremented, using an RET or RETI instruction, the interrupt is serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow, allowing the programmer to use the structure easily. Likewise, if the stack is full, and a ²CALL² is subsequently executed, a stack overflow occurs and the first entry is lost as only the most recent 16 return addresses are stored. · Location 018H This area is reserved for the Multi-function interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a Timer/Event Counter 2 overflow, or the real time clock time out, or Time base time out, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to this location and begin execution. Data Memory - RAM · Table location The Data Memory, RAM, has a structure of 812´8 bits, and is divided into two functional groups, namely; special function registers, 44´8 bits, and general purpose data memory (Bank 0: 192´8 bits, Bank 2: 192´8 bits, Bank 3: 192´8 bits and Bank 4: 192´8 bits). Most of these registers are readable and writeable, although some are read only. The special function registers are overlapped in any bank. Any location in the Program Memory can be used as a look-up table. The instructions ²TABRDC [m]² (page specified by the TBHP) for the current page, 1 page=256 words) and ²TABRDL [m]² (the last page), transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the contents of the higher-order byte to the TBLH register. This is the Table Higher-order byte register (08H). Only the destination of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined, the other bits of the table word are all transferred to the lower portion of the TBLH. The TBLH is read only, the higher-order byte table pointer TBHP (1FH) and the table pointer, TBLP, is a read/write register (07H), indicating the table location. Before accessing the table, the location should be placed in the TBHP and TBLP registers. All the table related instructions require 2 cycles to complete the operation. These areas may function as a normal Program Memory depending upon the user¢s requirements. The unused space before address 40H is reserved for future expansion usage and reading these locations will retrieve a value of ²00H². The space before 40H overlaps in each bank. The general purpose data memory, addressed from 40H to FFH (Bank 0; BP=0, Bank 2; BP=2, Bank 3; BP=3 or Bank 4; BP=4), is used for data and control information under instruction commands. All of the data memory areas can directly handle arithmetic, logic, increment, decrement and rotate operations . Except for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data memory can be set and reset by ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i². They are also indirectly accessible through the memory pointer registers, MP0;01H and MP1;03H. Stack Register - STACK The stack register is a special part of the memory used to save the contents of the program counter. The stack is organized into 16 levels and is neither part of the data Rev. 1.10 10 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 0 0 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0 0 1 H M P 0 0 2 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 1 0 3 H M P 1 0 4 H B P 0 5 H A C C 0 6 H P C L 0 7 H T B L P 0 8 H T B L H 0 9 H R T C C 0 A H S T A T U S 0 B H IN T C 0 0 C H T M R 0 H 0 D H T M R 0 L 0 E H T M R 0 C 0 F H T M R 1 H 1 0 H T M R 1 L 1 1 H T M R 1 C 1 2 H P A 1 3 H P A C 1 4 H P B 1 5 H P B C 1 6 H P C 1 7 H P C C Indirect Addressing Register Location 00H and 02H are indirect addressing registers that are not physically implemented. Any read/write operation of [00H] and [02H] accesses the Data Memory pointed to by MP0 and MP1 respectively. Reading location 00H or 02H indirectly returns the result 00H. Writing to it indirectly results to no operation. The function of data movement between two indirect addressing registers is not supported. The memory pointer registers, MP0 and MP1, are both 8-bit registers used to access the Data Memory in combination with their corresponding indirect addressing registers. MP0 can only be used to access data from Bank 0, while MP1 can be used to access data from all banks. Accumulator - ACC The accumulator, ACC, is related to the ALU operations. It is also mapped to location 05H of the Data Memory, and is capable of operating with immediate data. The data movement between two data memory locations must pass through the ACC. 1 8 H P D 1 9 H P D C 1 A H P W M 0 1 B H P W M 1 1 C H P W M 2 1 D H P W M 3 1 E H IN T C 1 1 F H T B H P Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU S p e c ia l P u r p o s e D a ta M e m o ry This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations and provides the following functions: · Arithmetic operations (ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA) · Logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, CPL) · Rotation (RL, RR, RLC, RRC) · Increment and Decrement (INC, DEC) · Branch decision (SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ, etc.) 2 0 H 2 1 H The ALU not only saves the results of a data operation but also changes the status register. 2 2 H 2 3 H 2 4 H A D R L 2 5 H A D R H 2 6 H A D C R 2 7 H A C S R 2 8 H S B C R 2 9 H S B D R Status Register - STATUS The status register (0AH) is 8 bits wide and contains, a carry flag (C), an auxiliary carry flag (AC), a zero flag (Z), an overflow flag (OV), a power down flag (PDF), and a watchdog time-out flag (TO). It also records the status information and controls the operational sequence. 2 A H 2 B H 2 C H 2 D H T M R 2 2 E H T M R 2 C 2 F H M F IC 3 0 H U S R 3 1 H U C R 1 3 2 H U C R 2 3 3 H T X R /R X R 3 4 H 3 5 H B R G 3 F H 4 0 H F F H G e n e ra D a ta 1 9 2 B (4 B a n k s : B B a n k 3 l P M e y te a n , B u rp o s e m o ry s ´ 4 k 0 , B a n k 2 , a n k 4 ) Except for the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions similar to the other registers. Data written into the status register does not alter the TO or PDF flags. Operations related to the status register, however, may yield different results from those intended. The TO and PDF flags can only be changed by a Watchdog Timer overflow, device power-up, or clearing the Watchdog Timer and executing the ²HALT² instruction. The Z, OV, AC, and C flags reflect the status of the latest operations. On entering the interrupt sequence or executing a subroutine call, the status register will not be automatically pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the status is important, and if the subroutine is likely to corrupt the status register, the programmer should take precautions to save it properly. : U n u s e d R e a d a s "0 0 " RAM Mapping Rev. 1.10 11 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Bit No. Label Function 0 C C is set if an operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation, otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction. 1 AC AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction, otherwise AC is cleared. 2 Z Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero, otherwise Z is cleared. 3 OV OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit, or vice versa, otherwise OV is cleared. 4 PDF PDF is cleared by either a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by executing the ²HALT² instruction. 5 TO TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is set by a WDT time-out. 6, 7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² Status (0AH) Register Interrupts - INTC0, INTC1, MFIC on pins INT0 or INT1 . A configuration option exists to select one of three transition types, either high to low, low to high or both. The related interrupt request flag, EIF0; bit 4 of the INTC0 register and EIF1; bit 5 of the INTC0 register, will be set when an external interrupt occurs. After the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full, and the external interrupt is active, a subroutine call to location 04H or 08H occurs. The interrupt request flag, EIF0 or EIF1 and the EMI bits are all cleared to disable other maskable interrupts. The device provides two external interrupts, an A/D converter interrupt, two Internal Timer/Event Counter (0/1) interrupts, a UART Bus interrupt, SIO (Serial interface) interrupt, and a Multi-function interrupt. The Multi-function interrupt includes the internal Timer/Event Counter 2 interrupt, the internal real time clock interrupt, and the internal time base interrupt . The Interrupt Control register 0, INTC0;0BH, interrupt control register 1, INTC1;1EH, and the Multi-Function interrupt control register, MFIC;2FH, contain the interrupt control bits that are used to set the enable/disable status and interrupt request flags. The 04H vector, in addition to existing for the INT0 external interrupt, is also shared with the A/D converter interrupt. The interrupt selection for this vector is chosen via configuration option. If the A/D converter interrupt is chosen, then any trigger edge on pin INT0 will not generate an interrupt. In this case, when an A/D conversion process has completed, if the EMI and EADI bits are enabled and, the stack is not full, a subroutine call to location 04H will occur. Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, other interrupts are all blocked automatically as the EMI bit is cleared. This scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other interrupt requests may take place during this interval, but only the interrupt request flag will be recorded. If a certain interrupt requires servicing within the service routine, the EMI bit and the corresponding bits in the INTC0, INTC1 and MFIC registers may be set in order to allow interrupt nesting. Once the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the related interrupt is enabled, until the SP is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack should be prevented from becoming full. The internal Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt is initialised by setting the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt request flag, T0F; bit 6 of the INTC0 register, which is normally caused by a timer overflow. After the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, and the T0F bit is set, a subroutine call to location 0CH occurs. The related interrupt request flag, T0F, is reset, and the EMI bit is cleared to disable other maskable interrupts. All these interrupts can support a wake-up function. As an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by pushing the contents of the program counter onto the stack followed by a branch to a subroutine at the specified location in the Program Memory. Only the contents of the program counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or the status register is altered by the interrupt service program which corrupts the desired control sequence, the contents should be saved in advance. The Timer/Event Counter 1 and Timer/Event Counter 2 operates in the same manner, The Timer/Event Counter 1 related interrupt request flag is T1F, bit 4 of the INTC1 register, and its subroutine call location is 010H. The Timer/Event Counter 2 related interrupt request flags are MFF, bit 6 of the INTC1 register, and T2F, bit 4 of the MFIC register, and its subroutine call location is 018H. The related interrupt request flags, T1F and MFF, will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. T2F, bit 4 of the MFIC register, will not be cleared automatically, and should be cleared by the user. External interrupts are triggered by an edge transition Rev. 1.10 12 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 MFIC register, caused by a regular real time clock time-out, RTF; bit 6 of the MFIC register or caused by a time base time-out, TBF; bit5 of the MFIC register. After the interrupt is enabled, EMFI=1, the stack is not full, and the MFF bit is set, a subroutine call to location 018H will occur. The related interrupt request flag, MFF, is reset and the EMI bit is cleared to disable further maskable interrupts. T2F, TBF and RTF indicate that a related interrupt has occurred. As these flags will not be cleared automatically after reading, they should be cleared by the user. The UART Bus interrupt is initialized by setting the UART Bus interrupt request flag, URF; bit 5 of the INTC1 register, caused by transmit data register empty (TXIF), received data available(RXIF), transmission idle (TIDLE), Over run error (OERR) or Address detected. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the TXIF, RXIF, TIDLE, OERR bit is set or an address is detected, a subroutine call to location 014H will occur. The related interrupt request flag, URF, will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. The Multi-Function Interrupt, MFI, is initialised by setting the interrupt request flag, MFF; bit 6 of the INTC1 register, that is caused by a Timer 2 overflow, T2F; bit 4 of the The serial interface interrupt is initialised by setting the interrupt request flag (SIF; bit 5 of INTC0 and INTC1), Bit No. Label 0 EMI Function 1 EEI0 or EADI Controls the external interrupt 0 (1=enable; 0=disable) or Control A/D interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) 2 EEI1 or ESII Controls the external interrupt 1 (1=enable; 0=disable) or Control the serial interface interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) 3 ET0I 4 EIF0 or ADF External interrupt 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) or A/D converter request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 5 EIF1 or SIF External interrupt 1 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) or Serial interface data transferred/received interrupt request flag. 6 T0F 7 ¾ Controls the master (global) interrupt (1=enable; 0= disable) Controls the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) Internal Timer/Event Counter 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) For test mode used only. Must be written as ²0²; otherwise may result in unpredictable operation. INTC0 (0BH) Register Bit No. Label 0 ET1I 1 EURI or ESII Control the UART Bus interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable)or Control the serial interface interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) 2 EMFI Control the Multi-function interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) 3, 7 ¾ 4 T1F 5 URF or SIF 6 MFF Function Controls the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) Unused bit, read as ²0² Internal Timer/Event Counter 1 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) UART Bus request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)or Serial interface data transferred/received interrupt request flag. Multi-function interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) INTC1 (1EH) Register Bit No. Label 0 ET2I Control the Timer/Event Counter 2 interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) Function 1 ETBI Control the time base interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) 2 ERTI Control the real time clock interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) 3, 7 ¾ 4 T2F Unused bit, read as ²0² Timer/Event Counter 2 interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 5 TBF Time base interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) 6 RTF Real time clock interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) MFIC (2FH) Register Rev. 1.10 13 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 that is caused by a complete reception or transmission of 8-bits of data from or to the serial interface. After the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full and the SIF bit is set, a subroutine call to location 08H or 14H, chosen via configuration options, will occur. The related interrupt request flag, SIF, will be reset and the EMI bit is cleared to disable further maskable interrupt. bit 4 of the MFIC register, the real time clock interrupt flag, RTF; bit 6 of the MFIC register, the time base interrupt flag, TBF; bit 5 of the MFIC register, indicate that a related interrupt has occurred. As these flags will not be cleared automatically, they should be cleared by the user. The enable control Timer 2 interrupt, ET2I, the enable time base interrupt, ETBI, the enable real time clock interrupt, ERTI, constitute the Interrupt Control Register 2, MFIC, which is located at 2FH in the Program Memory. During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other maskable interrupt acknowledgments are all held until the ²RETI² instruction is executed or the EMI bit and the related interrupt control bit are set both to 1, if the stack is not full. To return from the interrupt subroutine, a ²RET² or ²RETI² instruction may be executed. RETI sets the EMI bit and enables an interrupt service, but RET does not. It is recommended that a program does not use the ²CALL² instruction within the interrupt subroutine. Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If only one stack is left and the interrupt enabling is not well controlled, the original control sequence may be damaged if a ²CALL² is executed. Interrupts occurring in the interval between the rising edges of two consecutive T2 pulses are serviced on the latter of the two T2 pulses if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests, the priorities in the following table apply. These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit. Interrupt Source Oscillator Configuration The device provides three oscillator circuits for system clocks. These are an RC oscillator, a crystal oscillator and a 32768Hz crystal oscillator, the choice of which is determined by a configuration option. The Power Down mode will stop the system oscillator, if it is an RC or crystal oscillator type and will ignore external signals in order to conserve power. If the 32768Hz crystal oscillator is selected as the system oscillator, it will continue to run in the Power Down mode, but the instruction execution will be stopped. Since the 32768Hz oscillator is also designed for timing purposes, the internal timing (RTC, time base, WDT) operation still runs even if the system enters the Power Down mode. Priority Vector External Interrupt 0 or A/D Interrupt Selected Via Configuration Option 1 04H External Interrupt 1 or Serial Interface Interrupt 2 08H Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow 3 0CH Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow 4 10H UART Bus Interrupt or Serial Interface Interrupt 5 14H Multi-function Interrupt (Timer/Event Counter 2 / Real Time Clock/Time Base Overflow) 6 18H Of the three oscillators, if the RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between OSC1 and VSS is required, whose range should be within 24kW to 1MW. The system clock frequency divided by 4, can be monitored on pin OSC2 if a pull-high resistor is added. This can be used to synchronise external logic. The RC oscillator provides the most cost effective solution. However, the frequency of the oscillation may vary with VDD, temperature, and the chip itself due to process variations. It is therefore, not suitable for timing sensitive operations where accurate an oscillator frequency is desired. The EMI, EEI0, EEI1, ET0I, ET1I, EURI, EADI, ESII and EMFI bits are used to control the enabling/disabling of interrupts. These bits prevent the requested interrupt from being serviced. Once the interrupt request flags, EIF0, EIF1, T0F, T1F, URF, ADF, ESII, MFF, are set, they will remain in the INTC0 and INTC1 registers until the interrupts are serviced or cleared by a software instruction. The Timer/Event Counter 2 overflow interrupt flag, T2F; V 4 7 0 p F O S C 1 O S C 1 O S C 3 O S C 4 3 2 7 6 8 H z C r y s ta l/R T C D D O S C 2 O s c illa to r C r y s ta l O s c illa to r fS Y S /4 O S C 2 R C O s c illa to r System Oscillator Note: 32768Hz crystal enable condition: For WDT clock source or for system clock source. The external resistor and capacitor components connected to the 32768Hz crystal are not necessary to provide oscillation. For applications where precise RTC frequencies are essential, these components may be required to provide frequency compensation due to different crystal manufacturing tolerances. Rev. 1.10 14 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 give a time of about 2.1s~4.3s for the internal WDT oscillator. If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still come from the instruction clock. The WDT will operate in the same manner except that in the Power Down mode, the WDT will stop counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation the system can only be restarted by external logic. If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the on-chip WDT internal oscillator is strongly recommended, since the Power Down mode will stop the system clock. If the crystal oscillator is to be used, a crystal across OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the feedback and phase shift required for oscillation, no other external components are required. A resonator may be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to replace the crystal and to get a frequency reference, but two external capacitors must be be connected between OSC1, OSC2 and ground. The other oscillator circuit is for the real time clock or RTC, which has a fixed frequency of 32.768kHz. A 32.768kHz crystal oscillator should be connected between OSC3 and OSC4 for its implementation. A WDT overflow under normal operation initialises a ²device reset² and sets the status bit ²TO². In the Power Down mode, the overflow initialises a ²warm reset², and only the program counter and stack pointer are reset to zero. To clear the WDT contents, three methods can be adopted. These are an external reset which is a low level to RES, a software instruction, and a ²HALT² instruction. There are two types of software instructions; the single ²CLR WDT² instruction and the instruction pair - ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2². Of these two types of instruction, only one type of instruction can be active at a time depending on the options - ²CLR WDT² times selection option. If the ²CLR WDT² is selected, i.e., CLR WDT times equal one, any execution of the ²CLR WDT² instruction clears the WDT. In the case that ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² are chosen, i.e., CLR WDT times equal two, these two instructions have to be executed to clear the WDT, otherwise, the WDT may reset the device due to a time-out. The RTC oscillator circuit has a quick start up function which can be activated by setting the ²QOSC² bit, which is bit 4 of the RTCC register. It is recommended to turn this bit on at power on, and then turn it off after 2 seconds to conserve power. The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscillator, which requires no external components. When the system enters the power down mode, the system clock will stop, but the WDT oscillator will continue to operate, with a period of approximately 65ms at 5V. The WDT oscillator can be disabled by a configuration option to conserve power. Watchdog Timer - WDT The WDT clock source can come from its own dedicated internal WDT oscillator, from the instruction clock (system clock/4), or from the real time clock oscillator (RTC oscillator). The timer is designed to prevent software malfunctions or sequences from jumping to unknown locations with unpredictable results. The WDT can be disabled by a configuration option. If the WDT is disabled, all executions related to the WDT result in no operation. Multi-function Timer The device provides a multi-function timer for the WDT, time base and the RTC but with different time-out periods. The multi-function timer consists of an 8-stage divider and a 7-bit prescaler, with the clock source coming from the WDT OSC or RTC OSC or the instruction clock (i.e., system clock divided by 4). The multi-function timer also provides a selectable frequency signal (ranging from fS/22 to fS/28) for the LCD driver circuits, and a selectable frequency signal, ranging from fS/22 to fS/29, for the buzzer output, setup by configuration options. It is recommended to select a frequency as near to 4kHz as possible for the LCD driver circuits for clarity. The WDT clock source is divided by 212~215 , the actual value chosen by a configuration option, to get the WDT time-out period. For the WDT internal oscillator, the minimum WDT time-out period is about 300ms~600ms. This time-out period may vary with temperature, VDD and process variations. By using configuration options to set the WDT prescaler, longer time-out periods can be realised. If the WDT time-out is selected as 215, the maximum time-out period is divided by 215~216. This will S y s te m R T C O S C W D T O S C C lo c k /4 3 2 7 6 8 H z 1 2 k H z R O M C o d e O p tio n fS D iv id e r fS /2 8 W D T P r e s c a le r M a s k O p tio n C K R T W D T C le a r C K R T T im e fS /2 15~ fS /2 14~ fS /2 13~ fS /2 12~ o u fS fS fS fS t R e s e t /2 16 /2 15 /2 14 /2 13 Watchdog Timer Rev. 1.10 15 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Time Base Power Down Operation - HALT The time base offers a periodic time-out period to generate a regular internal interrupt. Its time-out period ranges from 212/fS to 215/fS selected by options. If a time base time-out occurs, the related interrupt request flags, TBF; bit 5 of the MFIC register, and MFF; bit 6 of the INTC1 register, will be set. If the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, a subroutine call to location 18H occurs. The time base time-out signal can also be applied as a clock source for the Timer/Event Counter 1 to obtain longer time-out periods. The Power Down mode is initialised by the ²HALT² instruction and results in the following. fs D iv id e r R O M · The system oscillator turns off but the WDT oscillator keeps running if the internal WDT oscillator or the real time clock is selected. · The contents of the on-chip RAM and of the registers remain unchanged. · The WDT is cleared and starts recounting, if the WDT clock source comes from the WDT oscillator or the real time clock oscillator. · All I/O ports maintain their original status. P r e s c a le r · The LCD driver keeps running, if the WDT OSC or R O M C o d e O p tio n C o d e O p tio n L C D D r iv e r ( fS /2 2 ~ fS /2 8 ) B u z z e r (fS /2 2~ fS /2 9) · The PDF flag is set but the TO flag is cleared. RTC OSC is selected. The system leaves the Power Down mode by way of an external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge signal on port A, or a WDT overflow. An external reset causes device initialisation, and a WDT overflow performs a ²warm reset². After examining the TO and PDF flags, the reason behind the chip reset can be determined. The PDF flag is cleared by a system power-up or by executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction, and is set by executing the ²HALT² instruction. The TO flag is set if a WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the program counter and stack pointer, and leaves the other registers in their original state. T im e B a s e In te r r u p t fS /2 12~ fS /2 15 Time Base Real Time Clock - RTC The real time clock operates in the same manner as the time base in that it is used to supply a regular internal interrupt. Its time-out period ranges from fS/28 to fS/215, the actual value of which is setup by software programming. Writing data to the RT2, RT1 and RT0 bits in the RTCC register, provides various time-out periods. If an RTC time-out occurs, the related interrupt request flag, RTF; bit 6 of the MFIC and MFF; bit 6 of the INTC1, is set. If the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, a subroutine call to location 18H occurs. The real time clock time-out signal can also be applied as a clock source for Timer/Event Counter 0 in order to get longer time-out period. fS D iv id e r P r e s c a le r R T 2 R T 1 R T 0 8 to 1 M U X A Port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be considered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit in Port A can be independently selected to wake up the device via configuration options. Awakening from an I/O port stimulus, the program resumes execution of the next instruction. On the other hand, awakening from an interrupt, two sequence may occur. If the related interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the stack is full, the program resumes execution at the next instruction. But if the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, the regular interrupt response takes place. 2 8/fS ~ 2 15/fS R T C In te rru p t When an interrupt request flag is set before entering the ²HALT² state, the system cannot be awakened using that interrupt. Real Time Clock RT2 RT1 RT0 RTC Clock Divided Factor 0 0 0 2 8* 0 0 1 2 9* 0 1 0 210* 0 1 1 211* 1 0 0 212 1 0 1 213 1 1 0 214 1 1 1 215 If wake-up events occur, it takes 1024 tSYS (system clock period) to resume normal operation. In other words, a dummy period is inserted after a wake-up. If a wake-up results from an interrupt acknowledge, the actual interrupt subroutine execution is delayed by more than one cycle. However, if a wake-up results in the next instruction execution, the execution will be performed immediately after the dummy period has finished. To minimize power consumption, all the I/O pins should be carefully managed before entering the Power Down state. Note: ²*² not recommended to be used Rev. 1.10 16 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 The functional unit chip reset status is shown below. Reset There are several ways in which a reset may occur. · RES is reset during normal operation · Power on reset · RES is reset during a Power Down · WDT time-out is reset during normal operation · WDT time-out during a Power Down A WDT time-out when the device is in the Power Down mode differs from the other reset conditions, as it performs a ²warm reset² that resets only the program counter and SP and leaves the other circuits in their original state. Some registers remain unaffected during the other reset conditions. Most registers are reset to their initial condition once the reset conditions are met. By examining the PDF and TO flags, the program can distinguish between the different types of resets. TO 0 PDF 0 Program Counter 000H Interrupt Disabled Prescaler, Divider Cleared WDT, RTC, Time Base Cleared. After a master reset, the WDT starts counting Timer/event Counter Off Input/output Ports Input mode Stack Pointer Points to the top of the stack V 1 0 0 k W 1 0 0 k W R E S RES reset during normal operation 0 1 RES Wake-up HALT 1 u WDT time-out during normal operation 1 1 WDT Wake-up HALT B a s ic R e s e t C ir c u it Note: To guarantee that the system oscillator has started and stabilized, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an extra delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the system awakens from the Power Down mode or during power up. H A L T H i-n o is e R e s e t C ir c u it tS S T O S C 1 S S T T im e - o u t W a rm W D T R e s e t T im e - o u t R e s e t E x te rn a l R E S V D D S S T 1 0 - b it R ip p le C o u n te r C o ld R e s e t P o w e r - o n D e te c tio n R e s e t Reset Timing Chart Rev. 1.10 0 .1 m F Most applications can use the Basic Reset Circuit as shown, however for applications with extensive noise, it is recommended to use the Hi-noise Reset Circuit. W D T R E S 1 0 k W Reset Circuit Note: ²u² stands for unchanged C h ip R E S 0 .1 m F RES reset during power-up u D D 0 .0 1 m F RESET Conditions u V D D Reset Configuration 17 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 The register states are summarized below: Register MP0 Reset (Power On) xxxx xxxx WDT Time-out RES Reset (Normal Operation) (Normal Operation) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu RES Reset (HALT) WDT Time-out (HALT)* uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu MP1 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu BP 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00u0 00uu ACC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 0000H 0000H 0000H 0000H 0000H TBLP xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TBLH xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu RTCC --00 0111 --00 0111 --00 0111 --00 0111 --uu uuuu Program Counter STATUS --00 xxxx --1u uuuu --uu uuuu --01 uuuu --11 uuuu INTC0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu TMR0H xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR0L xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR0C 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 uu-u uuuu TMR1H xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR1L xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR1C 0000 1--- 0000 1--- 0000 1--- 0000 1--- uuuu u--- PA 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PAC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PB 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PBC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PCC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PD 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PDC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PWM0 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu PWM1 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu PWM2 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu PWM3 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu INTC1 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -uuu -uuu TBHP xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu SBCR 0110 0000 0110 0000 0110 0000 0110 0000 uuuu uuuu SBDR xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu ADRL xxxx ---- xxxx ---- xxxx ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- ADRH xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu ADCR 0100 0000 0100 0000 0100 0000 0100 0000 uuuu uuuu ACSR 1--- --00 1--- --00 1--- --00 ---- --00 u--- --uu TMR2 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR2C 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 uu-u uuuu MFIC -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -uuu -uuu USR 0000 1011 0000 1011 0000 1011 0000 1011 uuuu uuuu Rev. 1.10 18 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Register Reset (Power On) WDT Time-out RES Reset (Normal Operation) (Normal Operation) RES Reset (HALT) WDT Time-out (HALT)* UCR1 0000 00x0 0000 00x0 0000 00x0 0000 00x0 uuuu uuuu UCR2 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu TXR/RXR xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu BRG xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu Note: ²*² stands for warm reset ²u² stands for unchanged ²x² stands for unknown The event count mode is used to count external events, which means that the clock source comes from the external, TMR0, TMR1 or TMR2 pin. The timer mode functions as a normal timer with the clock source coming from the internally selected clock source. Finally, the pulse width measurement mode can be used to count the duration of a high or low level external signal on pin TMR0, TMR1 or TMR2. The counting is based on the internally selected clock source. Timer/Event Counter Three timer/event counters are implemented in this microcontroller. The Timer/Event Counter 0 contains a 16-bit programmable count-up counter whose clock may come from an external or internal source. Its internal clock source comes from fSYS. The Timer/Event Counter 1 contains a 16-bit programmable count-up counter whose clock may come from an external or internal source. Its internal clock source comes from either fSYS/4 or the 32768Hz RTC oscillator selected via configuration option. The Timer/Event Counter 2 contains an 8-bit programmable count-up counter whose clock may come from an external or internal source. Its internal clock source comes from fSYS. The external clock input allows the user to count external events, measure time intervals or pulse widths, or generate an accurate time base. In the event count or timer mode, the Timer/Event Counter 0 (1) starts counting at the current contents in the timer/event counter and ends at FFFFH. Timer/Event Counter 2 starts counting at the current contents in the timer/event counter and ends at FFH. Once an overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter preload register, and generates an interrupt request flag which are T0F; bit 6 of INTC0, T1F; bit 4 of INTC1, T2F; bit 4 of MFIC and bit 6 of INTC1. There are eight registers related to the Timer/Event Counter 0; TMR0H (0CH), TMR0L (0DH), TMR0C (0EH) and the Timer/Event Counter 1; TMR1H (0FH), TMR1L (10H), TMR1C (11H) and the Timer/Event Counter 2; TMR2 (2DH) TMR2C (2EH). Writing to TMR0L (TMR1L) will only put the written data into an internal lower-order byte buffer (8-bit) while writing to TMR0H (TMR1H) will transfer the specified data and the contents of the lower-order byte buffer into the TMR0H (TMR1H) and TMR0L (TMR1L) registers, respectively. The Timer/Event Counter 1/0 preload register is changed by each write operation to TMR0H (TMR1H). Reading from the TMR0H (TMR1H) will latch the contents of the TMR0H (TMR1H) and TMR0L (TMR1L) counters to the destination and the lower-order byte buffer, respectively. Reading from TMR0L (TMR1L) will read the contents of the lower-order byte buffer. Writing to TMR2 places the start value into the Timer/Event Counter 2 preload register, and reading from TMR2 retrieves the contents of the Timer/Event Counter 2. The TMR0C (TMR1C,TMR2C) register is the Timer/Event Counter 0 (1, 2) control register, which defines the operating mode, enable or disable function and the active edge. To enable the pulse width measurement mode, the operating mode select bits should both be set high. After the TMR0/TMR1/TMR2 pin has received a transient from low to high, or high to low if the T0E/T1E/T2E bit is ²0², it will start counting until the TMR0/TMR1/ TMR2 pin returns to its original level a which point the T0ON/T1ON/T2ON bit will be auomatically reset. The measured result remains in the timer/event counter even if the activated transient occurs again. In other words, only a single shot measurement can be made. Not until the T0ON/T1ON/T2ON bit is again set by the program, can further pulse width measurements be made. In this operation mode, the timer/event counter begins counting not according to the logic level but to the transient edges. In the case of counter overflows, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter register and issues an interrupt request, as in the other two modes, i.e., event and timer modes. To enable the counting operation, the Timer ON bit, T0ON; bit 4 of TMR0C, T1ON; bit 4 of TMR1C, or T2ON; bit 4 of TMR2C, should be set to 1. In the pulse width measurement mode, the T0ON/T1ON/ T2ON is automatically cleared after a measurement cycle is comp l e t e d . B u t i n t h e o t h e r t w o m o d e s, t h e T0ON/T1ON/T2ON can only be reset by instructions. The T0M0, T0M1 (TMR0C), T1M0, T1M1 (TMR1C) and T2M0, T2M1 (TMR2C) bits define the operational mode. Rev. 1.10 19 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 ting the timer enable bit high together with a mode bit modification, may lead to improper timer operation if executed as a single timer control register byte write instruction. The overflow of the Timer/Event Counter 0/1/2 is one of the wake-up sources. The Timer/Event Counter 0/1 can also be applied to a PFD or Programmable Frequency Divider whose output is on pin PA3 via a configuration option. Only one PFD (PFD0 or PFD1) can be applied to PA3 by options. No matter what the operation mode is, writing a ²0² to ET0I, ET1I or ET2I disables the related interrupt service. When the PFD function is selected, executing the ²SET [PA].3² instruction will enable the PFD output and executing the ²CLR [PA].3² instruction will disable the PFD output. When the timer/event counter is read, the clock is blocked to avoid errors. As this may results in a counting error, blocking of the clock should be taken into account by the programmer. It is strongly recommended to load a desired value into the TMR0/TMR1/TMR2 registers first, before turning on the related timer/event counter, for proper operation since the initial value of the TMR0/TMR1/TMR2 registers are unknown. Due to the timer/event counter scheme, the programmer should pay special attention to the instruction to enable then disable the timer for the first time, whenever there is a need to use the timer/event counter function, to avoid unpredictable result. After this procedure, the timer/event counter function can be operated normally. If the timer/event counter is not running, writing data to the timer/event counter preload register will also reload that data to the timer/event counter. But if the timer/event counter running, data written to the timer/event counter is kept only in the timer/event counter preload register. The timer/event counter continues to operate until an overflow occurs at which point the new data will be loaded from the preload register into the timer/event counter. The bit0~bit2 of the TMR0C/TMR2C (T0PSC2~0/ T2PSC2~0) can be used to define the pre-scaling stages of the internal clock sources of the timer/event counter. The overflow signal of the timer/event counter can be used to generate the PFD signal. The timer prescaler is also used as the PWM counter. After the timer has been initialised the timer can be turned on and off by controlling the enable bit in the timer control register. Note that setting the timer enable bit high to turn the timer on, should only be executed after the timer mode bits have been properly setup. SetP W M (6 + 2 ) o r (7 + 1 ) C o m p a re fS T o P D 0 /P D 1 /P D 2 /P D 3 C ir c u it D a ta B u s 8 - s ta g e P r e s c a le r Y S f IN 8 -1 M U X T 0 P S C 2 ~ T 0 P S C 0 L o w B y te B u ffe r T T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0 T M R 0 1 6 - B it P r e lo a d R e g is te r T 0 E T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0 T 0 O N P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l H ig h B y te L o w R e lo a d O v e r flo w B y te to In te rru p t 1 6 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P F D 0 Timer/Event Counter 0 D a ta B u s fS Y S /4 3 2 7 6 8 H z M U X f IN L o w B y te B u ffe r T T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0 T 1 S T M R 1 1 6 - B it P r e lo a d R e g is te r T 1 E T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0 T 1 O N P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l H ig h B y te L o w R e lo a d O v e r flo w B y te to In te rru p t 1 6 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P F D 1 Timer/Event Counter 1 Rev. 1.10 20 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 fS Y S 8 - s ta g e P r e s c a le r f IN 8 -1 M U X T 2 P S C 2 ~ T 2 P S C 0 (1 /1 ~ 1 /1 2 8 ) D a ta B u s T T 2 M 1 T 2 M 0 T M R 2 8 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P r e lo a d R e g is te r R e lo a d T 2 E T 2 M 1 T 2 M 0 T 2 O N 8 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r (T M R 2 ) P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l O v e r flo w to In te rru p t Timer/Event Counter 2 P F D 0 M P F D 1 U T X P F D Q P A 3 D a ta C T R L P F D S o u rc e ( O p tio n ) PFD Source Option Bit No. Label Function T0PSC0 T0PSC1 T0PSC2 Defines the prescaler stages, T0PSC2, T0PSC1, T0PSC0= 000: fINT=fSYS 001: fINT=fSYS/2 010: fINT=fSYS/4 011: fINT=fSYS/8 100: fINT=fSYS/16 101: fINT=fSYS/32 110: fINT=fSYS/64 111: fINT=fSYS/128 3 T0E Defines the TMR0 active edge of the timer/event counter: In Event Counter Mode (T0M1,T0M0)=(0,1): 1:count on falling edge; 0:count on rising edge In Pulse Width measurement mode (T0M1,T0M0)=(1,1): 1: start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge; 0: start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge 4 T0ON 0 1 2 5 6 7 ¾ T0M0 T0M1 Enables/disables the timer counting (0=disable; 1=enable) Unused bit, read as ²0² Defines the operating mode, T0M1, T0M0: 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused TMR0C (0EH) Register Rev. 1.10 21 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Bit No. 0~2 Label ¾ 3 T1E 4 T1ON 5 T1S 6 7 T1M0 T1M1 Function Unused bit, read as ²0² Defines the TMR1 active edge of the timer/event counter: In Event Counter Mode (T1M1,T1M0)=(0,1): 1:count on falling edge; 0:count on rising edge In Pulse Width measurement mode (T1M1,T1M0)=(1,1): 1: start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge; 0: start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge Enables/disables the timer counting (0=disable; 1=enable) Defines the TMR1 internal clock source. (0=fSYS/4; 1=32768Hz) Defines the operating mode, T1M1, T1M0: 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused TMR1C (11H) Register Bit No. Label Function T2PSC0 T2PSC1 T2PSC2 Defines the prescaler stages, T2PSC2, T2PSC1, T2PSC0= 000: fINT=fSYS 001: fINT=fSYS/2 010: fINT=fSYS/4 011: fINT=fSYS/8 100: fINT=fSYS/16 101: fINT=fSYS/32 110: fINT=fSYS/64 111: fINT=fSYS/128 3 T2E Defines the TMR2 active edge of the timer/event counter: In Event Counter Mode (T2M1,T2M0)=(0,1): 1:count on falling edge; 0:count on rising edge In Pulse Width measurement mode (T2M1,T2M0)=(1,1): 1: start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge; 0: start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge 4 T2ON 0 1 2 5 6 7 ¾ T2M0 T2M1 Enables/disables the timer counting (0=disable; 1=enable) Unused bit, read as ²0² Defines the operating mode, T2M1, T2M0: 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused TMR2C (2EH) Register Rev. 1.10 22 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Input/Output Ports the pull-high configuration options. Each bit of these input/output latches can be set or cleared by the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² bit manipulation instructions. There are 32 bidirectional input/output lines in the device, labeled as PA, PB, PC and PD, which are mapped to the data memory of [12H], [14H], [16H] and [18H] respectively. All of these I/O ports can be used for input and output operations. For input operation, these ports are non-latching, that is, the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge of instruction ²MOV A,[m]² (m=12H, 14H, 16H or 18H). For output operation, all the data is latched and remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. Some instructions first input data and then follow the output operations. For example, ²SET [m].i², ²CLR [m].i², ²CPL [m]², ²CPLA [m]² read the entire port states into the CPU, execute the defined bit operations, and then write the results back to the latches or the accumulator. Each line of port A has the capability of waking-up the device. Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC, PCC, PDC) to control the input/output configuration. With this control register, a CMOS output or a Schmitt Trigger input with or without pull-high resistor structures can be reconfigured dynamically under software control. To function as an input, the corresponding latch of the control register must be setup as a ²1². The input source also depends on the control register. If the control register bit is ²1², the input will read the pad state. If the control register bit is ²0², the contents of the latches will move to the internal bus. The latter is possible in the ²read-modify-write² instruction. Each I/O port has a pull-high option. Once the pull-high option is selected, the I/O port has a pull-high resistor, otherwise, there¢s none. Take note that a non-pull-high I/O port operating in input mode will cause a floating state. PA0, PA1, PA3, PD4, PD5, PD6 and PD7 are pin-shared with BZ, BZ, PFD, INT0, INT1, TMR0 and TMR1 pins respectively. The PC0, PC6 and PC7 pins are pin-shared with TMR2, TX and RX. PA0 and PA1 are pin-shared with the BZ and BZ signals, respectively. If the BZ/BZ option is selected, the output signal in output mode of PA0/PA1 will be the buzzer signal generated by the Multi-function timer. The input mode always remain in its original functions. Once the BZ/BZ option is selected, the buzzer output signals are controlled by the PA0 data register only. The I/O functions of PA0/PA1 are shown below. For an output function, CMOS is the only configuration. These control registers are mapped to locations 13H, 15H, 17H and 19H. After a device reset, these I/O lines will default to an input state and will be either high or floating, depending upon PAC Register PAC0 PAC Register PAC1 PA Data Register PA0 PA Data Register PA1 0 0 1 x PA0=BZ, PA1=BZ 0 0 0 x PA0=0, PA1=0 0 1 1 x PA0=BZ, PA1=input 0 1 0 x PA0=0, PA1=input 1 0 1 x PA0=input, PA1=BZ 1 0 0 x PA0=input, PA1=0 1 1 x x PA0=input, PA1=input Note: Output Function ²x² stands for don¢t care ²D² stands for Data ²0² or ²1² PA3 is pin-shared with the signal. If the PFD option is selected and if PA3 is setup as an output, then the output signal on the PA3 pin will be the PFD signal, generated by the timer/event counter overflow signal. If setup as an input it will function as a normal input pin. Once the PFD option is selected, the PFD output signal is controlled by the PA3 data register only. Writing a ²1² to the PA3 data register will enable the PFD output function while writing a ²0² will force the PA3 pin to remain at ²0². The I/O functions of PA3 are shown below. Note: I/O Mode I/P (Normal) O/P (Normal) I/P (PFD) O/P (PFD) PA3 Logical Input Logical Output Logical Input PFD (Timer on) The PFD frequency is the timer/event counter overflow frequency divided by 2. Rev. 1.10 23 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Port PB can also be used as A/D converter inputs. There is a PWM function shared with PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3. If the PWM function is enabled, the PWM0/PWM1/PWM2/ PWM3 signal will appear on PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3, if PD0/ PD1/ PD2/PD3 are operating in output mode. Writing ²1² to the PD0~PD3 data register will enable the PWM output function while writing ²0² will force the PD0~PD3 to remain at ²0². The I/O functions of the PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3 are shown below. I/O Mode I/P (Normal) O/P (Normal) I/P (PWM) O/P (PWM) PD0~PD3 Logical Input Logical Output Logical Input PWM0~PWM3 It is recommended that unused or not bonded out I/O lines should be set as output pins by software instruction to avoid consuming power under input floating state. The definitions of the PFD control signal and PFD output frequency are listed in the following table. Note: Timer Timer Preload Value PA3 Data Register PA3 Pad State PFD Frequency OFF X 0 0 X OFF X 1 U X ON N 0 0 X ON N 1 PFD fTMR/[2´(M-N)] ²X² stands for unused ²U² stands for unknown ²M² is ²65536² for PFD0 or PFD1 ²N² is the preload value for the timer/event counter ²fTMR² is input clock frequency for timer/event counter V P u ll- h ig h O p tio n C o n tr o l B it D a ta B u s W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r Q D C K Q S C h ip R e s e t R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r W r ite D a ta R e g is te r D a ta B it Q D C K Q S M P A 0 /P A 1 /P A 3 /P D 0 /P D 1 /P D 2 /P D 3 B Z /B Z /P F D /P W M 0 /P W M 1 /P W M 2 /P W M 3 M R e a d D a ta R e g is te r U 0 fo 1 fo 0 fo 1 fo r P D r P D r P D r P D 4 o n 5 o n 6 o n 7 o n X E N X S y s te m W a k e -u p ( P A o n ly ) IN T IN T T M R T M R U D D P A 0 P A 1 P A 2 P A 3 P A 4 P B 0 P C 0 P C 1 P C 2 P C 3 P D 4 P C 5 P D 0 P D 1 P D 2 P D 3 P D 4 P D 5 P D 6 P D 7 /B Z /B Z /P F ~ P A /A N /T M /S D /S D /S C /S C /P W /P W /P W /P W /IN /IN /T M /T M D 7 0 ~ P B 7 /A N 7 R 2 I O K S M 0 M 1 M 2 M 3 T 0 T 1 R 0 R 1 W a k e - u p O p tio n s ly ly ly ly Input/Output Ports Rev. 1.10 24 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 V C o n tr o l B it D a ta B u s Q D C K W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r D D P u ll- h ig h O p tio n Q S C h ip R e s e t P C 6 /T X R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r D a ta B it Q D W r ite D a ta R e g is te r C K Q S M F ro m U A R T T X M R e a d D a ta R e g is te r U U X U A R T E N X & T X E N PC6/TX Input/Output Ports V C o n tr o l B it D a ta B u s W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r Q D C K D D P u ll- h ig h O p tio n Q S C h ip R e s e t R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r W r ite D a ta R e g is te r P C 7 /R X D a ta B it Q D Q C K S M R e a d D a ta R e g is te r U X T o U A R T R X PC7/RX Input/Output Ports Pulse Width Modulator duty cycle of one modulation cycle of the output waveform, should be placed. To increase the PWM modulation frequency, each modulation cycle is subdivided into two or four individual modulation subsections, known as the 7+1 mode or 6+2 mode respectively. The device can choose which mode to use by selecting the appropriate configuration option. When a mode configuration option is chosen, it applies to all PWM outputs on that device. Note that when using the PWM, it is only necessary to write the required value into the appropriate PWM register and select the required mode configuration option, the subdivision of the waveform into its sub-modulation cycles is done automatically within the microcontroller hardware. Each devices is provided with either three or four Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) outputs, depending upon which package type is selected. Useful for such applications such as motor speed control, the PWM function provides outputs with a fixed frequency but with a duty cycle that can be varied by setting particular values into the corresponding PWM register. A single register, located in the Data Memory is assigned to each PWM output. For devices with three PWM outputs, these registers are known as PWM0, PWM1 and PWM2. Devices with four PWM outputs require a further additional register known as PWM3. It is here that the 8-bit value, which represents the overall Rev. 1.10 25 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 For all devices, the PWM clock source is the system clock fSYS. Package Channels PWM Mode Output Pin 52/56-pin 3 6+2 or 7+1 PD0/PD1/PD2 PWM0/PWM1/PWM2 PD0/PD1/PD2/PD3 PWM0/PWM1/PWM2/PWM3 100-pin 4 6+2 or 7+1 PWM Register Name PWM Function Table four individual sub-cycles known as modulation cycle 0 ~ modulation cycle 3, denoted as ²i² in the table. Each one of these four sub-cycles contains 64 clock cycles. In this mode, a modulation frequency increase of four is achieved. The 8-bit PWM register value, which represents the overall duty cycle of the PWM waveform, is divided into two groups. The first group which consists of bit2~bit7 is denoted here as the DC value. The second group which consists of bit0~bit1 is known as the AC value. In the 6+2 PWM mode, the duty cycle value of each of the four modulation sub-cycles is shown in the following table. This method of dividing the original modulation cycle into a further 2 or 4 sub-cycles enables the generation of higher PWM frequencies which allow a wider range of applications to be served. As long as the periods of the generated PWM pulses are less than the time constants of the load, the PWM output will be suitable as such long time constant loads will average out the pulses of the PWM output. The difference between what is known as the PWM cycle frequency and the PWM modulation frequency should be understood. As the PWM clock is the system clock, fSYS, and as the PWM value is 8-bits wide, the overall PWM cycle frequency is fSYS/256. However, when in the 7+1 mode of operation the PWM modulation frequency will be fSYS/128, while the PWM modulation frequency for the 6+2 mode of operation will be fSYS/64. PWM Modulation Frequency Parameter i<AC DC + 1 64 i³AC DC 64 Modulation cycle i (i=0~3) 6+2 Mode Modulation Cycle Values fSYS/256 [PWM]/256 The following diagram illustrates the waveforms associated with the 6+2 mode PWM operation. It is important to note how the single PWM cycle is subdivided into 4 individual modulation cycles, numbered from 0~3 and how the AC value is related to the PWM value. · 6+2 PWM mode Each full PWM cycle, as it is controlled by an 8-bit PWM register, has 256 clock periods. However, in the 6+2 PWM mode, each PWM cycle is subdivided into Y S Duty Cycle PWM Cycle PWM Cycle Frequency Duty fSYS/64 for (6+2) bits mode fSYS/128 for (7+1) bits mode fS AC (0~3) /2 [P W M ] = 1 0 0 P W M 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 2 5 /6 4 2 6 /6 4 [P W M ] = 1 0 1 P W M [P W M ] = 1 0 2 P W M [P W M ] = 1 0 3 P W M 2 6 /6 4 P W M m o d u la tio n p e r io d : 6 4 /fS M o d u la tio n c y c le 0 Y S M o d u la tio n c y c le 1 P W M M o d u la tio n c y c le 2 c y c le : 2 5 6 /fS M o d u la tio n c y c le 3 M o d u la tio n c y c le 0 Y S (6+2) PWM Mode Output Waveform b 7 b 0 P W M R e g is te r A C v a lu e D C v a lu e (6 + 2 ) M o d e 6+2 Mode PWM Register Rev. 1.10 26 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 · 7+1 PWM mode Parameter Each full PWM cycle, as it is controlled by an 8-bit PWM register, has 256 clock periods. However, in the 7+1 PWM mode, each PWM cycle is subdivided into two individual sub-cycles known as modulation cycle 0 and modulation cycle 1, denoted as ²i² in the table. Each one of these two sub-cycles contains 128 clock cycles. In this mode, a modulation frequency increase of two is achieved. The 8-bit PWM register value, which represents the overall duty cycle of the PWM waveform, is divided into two groups. The first group which consists of bit1~bit7 is denoted here as the DC value. The second group which consists of bit0 is known as the AC value. In the 7+1 PWM mode, the duty cycle value of each of the two modulation sub-cycles is shown in the following table. fS Y S Modulation cycle i (i=0~1) AC (0~1) i<AC i³AC Duty Cycle DC + 1 128 DC 128 7+1 Mode Modulation Cycle Values The following diagram illustrates the waveforms associated with the 7+1 mode PWM operation. It is important to note how the single PWM cycle is subdivided into 2 individual modulation cycles, numbered 0 and 1 and how the AC value is related to the PWM value. /2 [P W M ] = 1 0 0 P W M 5 0 /1 2 8 5 0 /1 2 8 5 0 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 0 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 1 /1 2 8 5 2 /1 2 8 [P W M ] = 1 0 1 P W M [P W M ] = 1 0 2 P W M [P W M ] = 1 0 3 P W M 5 2 /1 2 8 P W M m o d u la tio n p e r io d : 1 2 8 /fS Y S M o d u la tio n c y c le 0 M o d u la tio n c y c le 1 P W M c y c le : 2 5 6 /fS M o d u la tio n c y c le 0 Y S (7+1) PWM Mode Output Waveform b 7 b 0 P W M R e g is te r A C v a lu e D C v a lu e (7 + 1 ) M o d e 7+1 Mode PWM Register · PWM output control able the PWM data to appear on the pin. Writing a ²0² to the corresponding bit in the PD output data register will disable the PWM output function and force the output low. In this way, the Port D data output register can be used as an on/off control for the PWM function. Note that if the configuration options have selected the PWM function, but a ²1² has been written to its corresponding bit in the PDC control register to configure the pin as an input, then the pin can still function as a normal input line, with pull-high resistor options. On all devices, the PWM outputs are pin-shared with the Port D I/O pins. To operate as PWM outputs and not as I/O pins, the correct PWM configuration options must be selected. A ²0² must also be written to the corresponding bits in the I/O port control register PDC to ensure that the required PWM output pins are setup as outputs. After these two initial steps have been carried out, and of course after the required PWM value has been written into the PWM register, writing a ²1² to the corresponding bit in the PD output data register will en- Rev. 1.10 27 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 The following sample program shows how the PWM outputs are setup and controlled, the corresponding PWM output configuration option must first be selected. clr PDC.0 clr PDC.1 clr PDC.2 clr PDC.3 ; set pin PD0 as output ; set pin PD1 as output ; set pin PD2 as output ; set pin PD3 as output set pd.0 mov a,64h mov pwm0,a ; PD.0=1; enable pin ²PD0/PWM0² to be the PWM channel 0 ; PWM0=100D=64H set pd.1 mov a,65h mov pwm1,a ; PD.1=1; enable pin ²PD1/PWM1² to be the PWM channel 1 ; PWM1=101D=65H set pd.2 mov a,66h mov pwm2,a ; PD.2=1; enable pin ²PD2/PWM2² to be the PWM channel 2 ; PWM2=102D=66H set pd.3 mov a,67h mov pwm3,a ; PD.3=1; enable pin ²PD3/PWM3² to be the PWM channel 3 ; PWM3=103D=67H clr pd.0 clr pd.1 clr pd.2 clr pd.3 ; disable PWM0 output - PD.0 will remain low ; disable PWM1 output - PD.1 will remain low ; disable PWM2 output - PD.2 will remain low ; disable PWM3 output - PD.3 will remain low A/D Converter are disabled and the A/D converter circuit is powered-on. The EOCB bit, bit6 of the ADCR is end of A/D conversion flag. This bit can be monitored to know when the A/D conversion has completed. The START bit in the ADCR register is used to start the conversion process of the A/D converter. Giving the START bit a rising edge and falling edge means that the A/D conversion has started. In order to ensure that the A/D conversion is completed, the START bit should remain at ²0² until the EOCB flag is cleared to ²0² which indicates the end of the A/D conversion. An eight channel and 12 bits resolution A/D converter is implemented in the microcontroller. The reference voltage is VDD. The A/D converter contains four special registers which are; ADRL (24H), ADRH (25H), ADCR (26H) and ACSR (27H). The ADRH and ADRL registers are the A/D result register higher-order byte and lower-order byte and are read-only. After the A/D conversion is completed, the ADRH and ADRL should be read to get the conversion result data. The ADCR is an A/D converter control register, which defines the A/D channel number, analog channel select, start A/D conversion control bit and the end of A/D conversion flag. To start an A/D conversion, the PB configuration must first be defined, the analog channel selected, after which the START bit can supply a rising and falling edge (0®1®0). At the end of A/D conversion, the EOCB bit is cleared. The ACSR register is the A/D clock setting register, which is used to select the A/D clock source. Bit 7 of the ACSR register is used for test purposes only and must not be used for other purposes by the application program. Bit1 and bit0 of the ACSR register are used to select the A/D clock source. The EOCB bit is set to ²1² when the START bit is set from ²0² to ²1². Important Note for A/D initialisation: Special care must be taken to initialise the A/D converter each time the Port B A/D channel selection bits are modified, otherwise the EOCB flag may be in an undefined condition. An A/D initialisation is implemented by setting the START bit high and then clearing it to zero within 10 instruction cycles of the Port B channel selection bits being modified. Note that if the Port B channel selection bits are all cleared to zero then an A/D initialisation is not required. The A/D converter control register is used to control the A/D converter. Bit2~bit0 are used to select an analog input channel. There are a total of eight channels to select. Bit5~bit3 of the ADCR are used to set the PB configurations. PB can be an analog input or setup as a normal I/O line, the selected function is determined by these 3 bits. Once a PB line is selected as an analog input, the I/O function and pull-high resistor of this I/O line Rev. 1.10 28 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Bit No. Label Function Selects the A/D converter clock source 00=system clock/2 ADCS0 01=system clock/8 ADCS1 10=system clock/32 11=undefined 0 1 2~6 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² 7 TEST For test mode used only ACSR (27H) Register Bit No. Label Function 0 1 2 ACS0 ACS1 ACS2 ACS2, ACS1, ACS0: Select A/D channel 0, 0, 0: AN0 0, 0, 1: AN1 0, 1, 0: AN2 0, 1, 1: AN3 1, 0, 0: AN4 1, 0, 1: AN5 1, 1, 0: AN6 1, 1, 1: AN7 3 4 5 PCR0 PCR1 PCR2 Defines the Port B configuration select. If PCR0, PCR1 and PCR2 are all zero, the ADC circuit is powered off to reduce power consumption. 6 EOCB Indicates end of A/D conversion. (0 = end of A/D conversion) Each time bits 3~5 change state the A/D should be initialised by issuing a START signal, otherwise the EOCB flag may have an undefined condition. See ²Important note for A/D initialisation². 7 START Starts the A/D conversion. (0®1®0= start; 0®1= Reset A/D converter and set EOCB to ²1²) ADCR (26H) Register PCR2 PCR1 PCR0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 PB1 PB0 0 0 1 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 PB1 AN0 0 1 0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 AN1 AN0 0 1 1 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 0 0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 0 1 PB7 PB6 PB5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 1 0 PB7 PB6 AN5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 1 1 1 AN7 AN6 AN5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 Port B Configuration Register Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 ADRL D3 D2 D1 D0 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ADRH D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 Note: D0~D11 is A/D conversion result data bit LSB~MSB. ADRL (24H), ADRH (25H) Register Rev. 1.10 29 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 The following programming example illustrates how to setup and implement an A/D conversion. The method of polling the EOCB bit in the ADCR register is used to detect when the conversion cycle is complete. Example: using EOCB Polling Method to detect end of conversion mov a,00000001B mov ACSR,a ; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as the A/D clock mov a,00100000B ; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3 as A/D inputs mov ADCR,a ; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D converter : : ; As the Port B channel bits have changed the following START ; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10 instruction cycles : Start_conversion: clr START set START ; reset A/D clr START ; start A/D Polling_EOC: sz EOCB ; poll the ADCR register EOCB bit to detect end of A/D conversion jmp polling_EOC ; continue polling mov a,ADRH ; read conversion result high byte value from the ADRH register mov adrh_buffer,a ; save result to user defined memory mov a,ADRL ; read conversion result low byte value from the ADRL register mov adrl_buffer,a ; save result to user defined memory : : jmp start_conversion ; start next A/D conversion M in im u m o n e in s tr u c tio n c y c le n e e d e d , M a x im u m te n in s tr u c tio n c y c le s a llo w e d S T A R T E O C B A /D tA P C R 2 ~ P C R 0 s a m p lin g tim e A /D tA D C S 0 0 0 B s a m p lin g tim e A /D tA D C S 1 0 0 B 1 0 0 B s a m p lin g tim e D C S 1 0 1 B 0 0 0 B 1 . P B p o rt s e tu p a s I/O s 2 . A /D c o n v e r te r is p o w e r e d o ff to r e d u c e p o w e r c o n s u m p tio n A C S 2 ~ A C S 0 0 0 0 B P o w e r-o n R e s e t 0 1 0 B 0 0 0 B 0 0 1 B S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n S ta rt o f A /D c o n v e r s io n R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n 1 : D e fin e P B c o n fig u r a tio n 2 : S e le c t a n a lo g c h a n n e l A /D N o te : A /D tA D tA c lo c k m u s t b e fS = 3 2 tA D = 8 0 tA D C S D C Y S /2 , fS tA D C c o n v e r s io n tim e Y S /8 o r fS Y S R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n A /D tA D C c o n v e r s io n tim e d o n 't c a r e E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n A /D tA D C c o n v e r s io n tim e /3 2 A/D Conversion Timing Rev. 1.10 30 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 LCD Memory and written to only by indirect addressing mode using MP1. When data is written into the LCD display memory, it is automatically read by the LCD driver which then generates the corresponding LCD driving signals. To turn the display on or off, a ²1² or a ²0² is written to the corresponding bit of the display memory, respectively. The figure illustrates the mapping between the display memory and LCD pattern for the device. The device provides an area of embedded data memory for LCD display. This area is located from 40H to 6EH of the Bank 1 Data Memory . The bank pointer, BP, located at position 04H in the Bank 1 Data Memory, is the switch between the General Purpose Data Memory and the LCD display memory. When the BP is set as ²1², any data written into 40H~6EH will affect the LCD display. When the BP is cleared to ²0², ²2² or ²3², any data written into 40H~6EH is mapped into the general purpose data memory. The LCD display memory can be read C O M 4 0 H 4 1 H 4 2 H 4 3 H 6 C H 6 D H 6 E H 0 LCD Driver Output The output number of the device LCD driver can be 47´2 or 47´3 or 46´4 chosen via configuration option. This corresponds to, 1/2 duty, 1/3 duty or 1/4 duty. The bias type LCD driver can be ²R² type or ²C² type. If the ²R² bias type is selected, no external capacitor is required. If the ²C² bias type is selected, a capacitor mounted between pins C1 and C2 is needed. The LCD driver bias voltage can be 1/2 bias or 1/3 bias chosen via configuration option. If 1/2 bias is selected, a capacitor mounted between V2 pin and ground is required. If 1/3 bias is selected, two capacitors are needed for pins V1 and V2. Refer to the application diagram. B it 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 S E G M E N T 0 1 2 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 Display Memory LCD Segments as Logical Output The SEG0~SEG23 pins can also can be used as logical outputs via a configuration option. Once an LCD segment is optioned as a logical output, the contents of bit0 of the related segment address in the LCD RAM will appear on the segment. SEG0~SEG7 are all byte optioned as logical outputs, SEG8~SEG15 are also byte optioned as logical outputs, SEG16~SEG23 are individually bit optioned as logical outputs. LCD Type LCD Bias Type VMAX Rev. 1.10 R Type 1/2 bias 1/3 bias C Type 1/2 bias If VDD>VLCD, then VMAX connect to VDD, else VMAX connect to VLCD 31 1/3 bias 3 If VDD> VLCD, then VMAX connect to VDD, 2 else VMAX connect to V1 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 D u r in g a R e s e t P u ls e C O M 0 ,C O M 1 ,C O M 2 A ll L C D d r iv e r o u tp u ts N o r m a l O p e r a tio n M o d e * * C O M 0 C O M 1 C O M 2 * L C D s e g m e n ts O N C O M 0 ,1 , 2 s id e s a r e u n lig h te d O n ly L C D s e g m e n ts O N C O M 0 s id e a r e lig h te d O n ly L C D s e g m e n ts O N C O M 1 s id e a r e lig h te d O n ly L C D s e g m e n ts O N C O M 2 s id e a r e lig h te d L C D s e g m e n ts O N C O M 0 ,1 s id e s a r e lig h te d L C D s e g m e n ts O N C O M 0 , 2 s id e s a r e lig h te d L C D s e g m e n ts O N C O M 1 , 2 s id e s a r e lig h te d L C D s e g m e n ts O N C O M 0 ,1 , 2 s id e s a r e lig h te d H A L T M o d e C O M 0 , C O M 1 , C O M 2 A ll lc d d r iv e r o u tp u ts N o te : " * " O m it th e C O M 2 s ig n a l, if th e 1 /2 d u ty L C D * V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S C D V L C D S C D V L C D S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S C D V L S C D V L S C D V L S C D V L S C D V L S C D V L S C D V L S C D V L S C D V L S C D V L S C D V L S V L 1 /2 V S V L 1 /2 V S C D V L C D S C D V L C D S C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D is u s e d . LCD Driver Output (1/3 Duty, 1/2 Byte, R/C Type) Rev. 1.10 32 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 V A V B V C C O M 0 V S S V A V B V C C O M 1 V S S V A V B V C C O M 2 V S S V A V B C O M 3 V C V S S V A V B V C L C D s e g m e n ts O N C O M 2 s id e lig h te d N o te : 1 /4 d u ty , 1 /3 b ia s , C V S S ty p e : " V A " 3 /2 V L C D , " V B " V L C D , " V C " 1 /2 V L C D 1 /4 d u ty , 1 /3 b ia s , R ty p e : " V A " V L C D , " V B " 2 /3 V L C D , " V C " 1 /3 V L C D LCD Driver Output Rev. 1.10 33 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Low Voltage Reset/Detector Functions There is a low voltage detector (LVD) and a low voltage reset circuit (LVR) implemented in this microcontroller. These two functions can be enabled/disabled by options. Once the LVD option is enabled, the user can use the RTCC.3 bit to enable/disable (1/0) the LVD circuit and read the LVD detector status (0/1) from RTCC.5, otherwise, the LVD function is disabled. The RTCC register definitions are listed below. Bit No. Label 0~2 RT0~RT2 3 LVDC* LVD enable/disable (1/0) 4 QOSC 32768Hz OSC quick start-up oscillating 0/1: quick/slow start 5 LVDO LVD detection output (1/0) 1: low voltage detected, read only 6, 7 ¾ Note: Function 8 to 1 multiplexer control inputs to select the real clock prescaler output Unused bit, read as ²0² ²*² Once the LVD function is enabled the reference generator should be enabled; otherwise the reference generator is controlled by LVR ROM code option. The relationship between LVR and LVD options and LVDC are as shown. RTCC (09H) Register The LVR has the same effect or function with the external RES signal which performs a chip reset. During HALT state, both LVR and LVD are disabled. The relationship between VDD and VLVR is shown below. V D D 5 .5 V V O P R 5 .5 V The LVR state requires the following specifications: · The low voltage (0.9V~VLVR) has to be maintained for more than 1ms, otherwise, the circuits remain in their original state. If the low voltage state does not exceed 1ms, the LVR will ignore it and do not perform a reset function. V L V R 3 .0 V 2 .2 V · The LVR uses the ²OR² function with the external RES 0 .9 V signal to perform a chip reset. Note: VOPR is the voltage range for proper chip operation at 4MHz system clock. V D D 5 .5 V V L V R L V R D e te c t V o lta g e 0 .9 V 0 V R e s e t S ig n a l R e s e t N o r m a l O p e r a tio n *1 R e s e t *2 Low Voltage Reset Note: *1: To make sure that the system oscillator has stabilized, the SST provides an extra delay of 1024 system clock pulses before entering the normal operation. *2: Since low voltage state has to be maintained in its original state for over 1ms, therefore after 1ms delay, the device enters the reset mode. Rev. 1.10 34 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 which can also be used as a general purpose I/O pin, if the pin is not configured as a receiver, which occurs if the RXEN bit in the UCR2 register is equal to zero. Along with the UARTEN bit, the TXEN and RXEN bits, if set, will automatically setup these I/O pins to their respective TX output and RX input conditions and disable any pull-high resistor option which may exist on the RX pin. UART Bus Serial Interface The HT46RU67/HT46CU67 devices contain an integrated full-duplex asynchronous serial communications UART interface that enables communication with external devices that contain a serial interface. The UART function has many features and can transmit and receive data serially by transferring a frame of data with eight or nine data bits per transmission as well as being able to detect errors when the data is overwritten or incorrectly framed. The UART function possesses its own internal interrupt which can be used to indicate when a reception occurs or when a transmission terminates. · UART data transfer scheme The block diagram shows the overall data transfer structure arrangement for the UART. The actual data to be transmitted from the MCU is first transferred to the TXR register by the application program. The data will then be transferred to the Transmit Shift Register from where it will be shifted out, LSB first, onto the TX pin at a rate controlled by the Baud Rate Generator. Only the TXR register is mapped onto the MCU Data Memory, the Transmit Shift Register is not mapped and is therefore inaccessible to the application program. Data to be received by the UART is accepted on the external RX pin, from where it is shifted in, LSB first, to the Receiver Shift Register at a rate controlled by the Baud Rate Generator. When the shift register is full, the data will then be transferred from the shift register to the internal RXR register, where it is buffered and can be manipulated by the application program. Only the RXR register is mapped onto the MCU Data Memory, the Receiver Shift Register is not mapped and is therefore inaccessible to the application program. It should be noted that the actual register for data transmission and reception, although referred to in the text, and in application programs, as separate TXR and RXR registers, only exists as a single shared register in the Data Memory. This shared register known as the TXR/RXR register is used for both data transmission and data reception. · UART features The integrated UART function contains the following features: ¨ Full-duplex, asynchronous communication ¨ 8 or 9 bits character length ¨ Even, odd or no parity options ¨ One or two stop bits ¨ Baud rate generator with 8-bit prescaler ¨ Parity, framing, noise and overrun error detection ¨ Support for interrupt on address detect (last character bit=1) ¨ Separately enabled transmitter and receiver ¨ 2-byte Deep Fifo Receive Data Buffer ¨ Transmit and receive interrupts ¨ Interrupts can be initialized by the following conditions: - Transmitter Empty - Transmitter Idle - Receiver Full - Receiver Overrun - Address Mode Detect · UART status and control registers There are five control registers associated with the UART function. The USR, UCR1 and UCR2 registers control the overall function of the UART, while the BRG register controls the Baud rate. The actual data to be transmitted and received on the serial interface is managed through the TXR/RXR data registers. · UART external pin interfacing To communicate with an external serial interface, the internal UART has two external pins known as TX and RX. The TX pin is the UART transmitter pin, which can be used as a general purpose I/O pin if the pin is not configured as a UART transmitter, which occurs when the TXEN bit in the UCR2 control register is equal to zero. Similarly, the RX pin is the UART receiver pin, T r a n s m itte r S h ift R e g is te r M S B R e c e iv e r S h ift R e g is te r L S B T X P in C L K T X R R e g is te r M S B R X P in L S B C L K B a u d R a te G e n e ra to r R X R R e g is te r B u ffe r M C U D a ta B u s UART Data Transfer Scheme Rev. 1.10 35 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 · USR register RXIF flag is cleared when the USR register is read with RXIF set, followed by a read from the RXR register, and if the RXR register has no data available. The USR register is the status register for the UART, which can be read by the program to determine the present status of the UART. All flags within the USR register are read only. Further explanation on each of the flags is given below: ¨ ¨ ¨ TXIF The TXIF flag is the transmit data register empty flag. When this read only flag is ²0² it indicates that the character is not transferred to the transmit shift registers. When the flag is ²1² it indicates that the transmit shift register has received a character from the TXR data register. The TXIF flag is cleared by reading the UART status register (USR) with TXIF set and then writing to the TXR data register. Note that when the TXEN bit is set, the TXIF flag bit will also be set since the transmit buffer is not yet full. TIDLE The TIDLE flag is known as the transmission complete flag. When this read only flag is ²0² it indicates that a transmission is in progress. This flag will be set to ²1² when the TXIF flag is ²1² and when there is no transmit data, or break character being transmitted. When TIDLE is ²1² the TX pin becomes idle. The TIDLE flag is cleared by reading the USR register with TIDLE set and then writing to the TXR register. The flag is not generated when a data character, or a break is queued and ready to be sent. RXIF The RXIF flag is the receive register status flag. When this read only flag is ²0² it indicates that the RXR read data register is empty. When the flag is ²1² it indicates that the RXR read data register contains new data. When the contents of the shift register are transferred to the RXR register, an interrupt is generated if RIE=1 in the UCR2 register. If one or more errors are detected in the received word, the appropriate receive-related flags NF, FERR, and/or PERR are set within the same clock cycle. The b 7 P E R R ¨ RIDLE The RIDLE flag is the receiver status flag. When this read only flag is ²0² it indicates that the receiver is between the initial detection of the start bit and the completion of the stop bit. When the flag is ²1² it indicates that the receiver is idle. Between the completion of the stop bit and the detection of the next start bit, the RIDLE bit is ²1² indicating that the UART is idle. ¨ OERR The OERR flag is the overrun error flag, which indicates when the receiver buffer has overflowed. When this read only flag is ²0² there is no overrun error. When the flag is ²1² an overrun error occurs which will inhibit further transfers to the RXR receive data register. The flag is cleared by a software sequence, which is a read to the status register USR followed by an access to the RXR data register. ¨ FERR The FERR flag is the framing error flag. When this read only flag is ²0² it indicates no framing error. When the flag is ²1² it indicates that a framing error has been detected for the current character. The flag can also be cleared by a software sequence which will involve a read to the USR status register followed by an access to the RXR data register. ¨ NF The NF flag is the noise flag. When this read only flag is ²0² it indicates a no noise condition. When the flag is ²1² it indicates that the UART has detected noise on the receiver input. The NF flag is set during the same cycle as the RXIF flag but will not be set in the case of an overrun. The NF flag can be cleared by a software sequence which will involve a read to the USR status register, followed by an access to the RXR data register. b 0 N F F E R R O E R R R ID L E R X IF T ID L E T X IF U S R R e g is te r T r a n s m it d a ta r e g is te r e m p ty 1 : c h a r a c te r tr a n s fe r r e d to tr a n s m it s h ift r e g is te r 0 : c h a r a c te r n o t tr a n s fe r r e d to tr a n s m it s h ift r e g is te r T r a n s m is s io n id le 1 : n o tr a n s m is s io n in p r o g r e s s 0 : tr a n s m is s io n in p r o g r e s s R e c e iv e R X R r e g is te r s ta tu s 1 : R X R r e g is te r h a s a v a ila b le d a ta 0 : R X R r e g is te r is e m p ty R e c e iv e r s ta tu s 1 : r e c e iv e r is id le 0 : d a ta b e in g r e c e iv e d O v e rru n e rro r 1 : o v e rru n e rro r d e te c te d 0 : n o o v e rru n e rro r d e te c te d F r a m in g e r r o r fla g 1 : fr a m in g e r r o r d e te c te d 0 : n o fr a m in g e r r o r N o is e fla g 1 : n o is e d e te c te d 0 : n o n o is e d e te c te d P a r ity e r r o r fla g 1 : p a r ity e r r o r d e te c te d 0 : n o p a r ity e r r o r d e te c te d Rev. 1.10 36 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 ¨ used, if the bit is equal to ²0² then only one stop bit is used. PERR The PERR flag is the parity error flag. When this read only flag is ²0² it indicates that a parity error has not been detected. When the flag is ²1² it indicates that the parity of the received word is incorrect. This error flag is applicable only if Parity mode (odd or even) is selected. The flag can also be cleared by a software sequence which involves a read to the USR status register, followed by an access to the RXR data register. · UCR1 register The UCR1 register together with the UCR2 register are the two UART control registers that are used to set the various options for the UART function, such as overall on/off control, parity control, data transfer bit length etc. Further explanation on each of the bits is given below: ¨ TX8 This bit is only used if 9-bit data transfers are used, in which case this bit location will store the 9th bit of the transmitted data, known as TX8. The BNO bit is used to determine whether data transfers are in 8-bit or 9-bit format. ¨ RX8 This bit is only used if 9-bit data transfers are used, in which case this bit location will store the 9th bit of the received data, known as RX8. The BNO bit is used to determine whether data transfers are in 8-bit or 9-bit format. ¨ TXBRK The TXBRK bit is the Transmit Break Character bit. When this bit is ²0² there are no break characters and the TX pin operates normally. When the bit is ²1² there are transmit break characters and the transmitter will send logic zeros. When equal to ²1² after the buffered data has been transmitted, the transmitter output is held low for a minimum of a 13-bit length and until the TXBRK bit is reset. ¨ STOPS This bit determines if one or two stop bits are to be used. When this bit is equal to ²1² two stop bits are b 7 U A R T E N ¨ PRT This is the parity type selection bit. When this bit is equal to ²1² odd parity will be selected, if the bit is equal to ²0² then even parity will be selected. ¨ PREN This is parity enable bit. When this bit is equal to ²1² the parity function will be enabled, if the bit is equal to ²0² then the parity function will be disabled. ¨ BNO This bit is used to select the data length format, which can have a choice of either 8-bits or 9-bits. If this bit is equal to ²1² then a 9-bit data length will be selected, if the bit is equal to ²0² then an 8-bit data length will be selected. If 9-bit data length is selected then bits RX8 and TX8 will be used to store the 9th bit of the received and transmitted data respectively. ¨ UARTEN The UARTEN bit is the UART enable bit. When the bit is ²0² the UART will be disabled and the RX and TX pins will function as General Purpose I/O pins. When the bit is ²1² the UART will be enabled and the TX and RX pins will function as defined by the TXEN and RXEN control bits. When the UART is disabled it will empty the buffer so any character remaining in the buffer will be discarded. In addition, the baud rate counter value will be reset. When the UART is disabled, all error and status flags will be reset. The TXEN, RXEN, TXBRK, RXIF, OERR, FERR, PERR, and NF bits will be cleared, while the TIDLE, TXIF and RIDLE bits will be set. Other control bits in UCR1, UCR2, and BRG registers will remain unaffected. If the UART is active and the UARTEN bit is cleared, all pending transmissions and receptions will be terminated and the module will be reset as defined above. When the UART is re-enabled it will restart in the same configuration. b 0 B N O P R E N P R T S T O P S T X B R K R X 8 T X 8 U C R 1 R e g is te r T r a n s m it d a ta b it 8 ( w r ite o n ly ) R e c e iv e d a ta b it 8 ( r e a d o n ly ) T r a n s m it b r e a k c h a r a c te r 1 : tr a n s m it b r e a k c h a r a c te r s 0 : n o b re a k c h a ra c te rs D e fin e s th e n u m b e r o f s to p b its 1 : tw o s to p b its 0 : o n e s to p b it P a r ity ty p e b it 1 : o d d p a r ity fo r p a r ity g e n e r a to r 0 : e v e n p a r ity fo r p a r ity g e n e r a to r P a r ity e n a b le b it 1 : p a r ity fu n c tio n e n a b le d 0 : p a r ity fu n c tio n d is a b le d N u m b e r o f d a ta tr a n s fe r b its 1 : 9 - b it d a ta tr a n s fe r 0 : 8 - b it d a ta tr a n s fe r U A R T e n a b le b it 1 : e n a b le U A R T , T X & R X p in s a s U A R T p in s 0 : d is a b le U A R T , T X & R X p in s a s I/O p o r t p in s Rev. 1.10 37 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 · UCR2 register to ²0² and if the MCU is in the Power Down Mode, any edge transitions on the RX pin will not wake-up the device. The UCR2 register is the second of the two UART control registers and serves several purposes. One of its main functions is to control the basic enable/disable operation of the UART Transmitter and Receiver as well as enabling the various UART interrupt sources. The register also serves to control the baud rate speed, receiver wake-up enable and the address detect enable. Further explanation on each of the bits is given below: ¨ ADDEN The ADDEN bit is the address detect mode bit. When this bit is ²1² the address detect mode is enabled. When this occurs, if the 8th bit, which corresponds to RX7 if BNO=0, or the 9th bit, which corresponds to RX8 if BNO=1, has a value of ²1² then the received word will be identified as an address, rather than data. If the corresponding interrupt is enabled, an interrupt request will be generated each time the received word has the address bit set, which is the 8 or 9 bit depending on the value of BNO. If the address bit is ²0² an interrupt will not be generated, and the received data will be discarded. ¨ TEIE This bit enables or disables the transmitter empty interrupt. If this bit is equal to ²1² when the transmitter empty TXIF flag is set, due to a transmitter empty condition, the UART interrupt request flag will be set. If this bit is equal to ²0² the UART interrupt request flag will not be influenced by the condition of the TXIF flag. ¨ ¨ TIIE This bit enables or disables the transmitter idle interrupt. If this bit is equal to ²1² when the transmitter idle TIDLE flag is set, the UART interrupt request flag will be set. If this bit is equal to ²0² the UART interrupt request flag will not be influenced by the condition of the TIDLE flag. BRGH The BRGH bit selects the high or low speed mode of the Baud Rate Generator. This bit, together with the value placed in the BRG register, controls the Baud Rate of the UART. If this bit is equal to ²1² the high speed mode is selected. If the bit is equal to ²0² the low speed mode is selected. ¨ ¨ RIE This bit enables or disables the receiver interrupt. If this bit is equal to ²1² when the receiver overrun OERR flag or receive data available RXIF flag is set, the UART interrupt request flag will be set. If this bit is equal to ²0² the UART interrupt will not be influenced by the condition of the OERR or RXIF flags. ¨ WAKE This bit enables or disables the receiver wake-up function. If this bit is equal to ²1² and if the MCU is in the Power Down Mode, a low going edge on the RX input pin will wake-up the device. If this bit is equal RXEN The RXEN bit is the Receiver Enable Bit. When this bit is equal to ²0² the receiver will be disabled with any pending data receptions being aborted. In addition the buffer will be reset. In this situation the RX pin can be used as a general purpose I/O pin. If the RXEN bit is equal to ²1² the receiver will be enabled and if the UARTEN bit is equal to ²1² the RX pin will be controlled by the UART. Clearing the RXEN bit during a transmission will cause the data reception to be aborted and will reset the receiver. If this occurs, the RX pin can be used as a general purpose I/O pin. b 7 T X E N b 0 R X E N B R G H A D D E N W A K E R IE T IIE T E IE U C R 2 R e g is te r T r a n s m itte r e m p ty in te r r u p t e n a b le 1 : T X IF in te r r u p t r e q u e s t e n a b le 0 : T X IF in te r r u p t r e q u e s t d is a b le T r a n s m itte r id le in te r r u p t e n a b le 1 : T ID L E in te r r u p t r e q u e s t e n a b le 0 : T ID L E in te r r u p t r e q u e s t d is a b le R e c e iv e r in te r r u p t e n a b le 1 : R X IF in te r r u p t r e q u e s t e n a b le 0 : R X IF in te r r u p t r e q u e s t d is a b le D e fin e s th e R X w a k e u p e n a b le 1 : R X w a k e u p e n a b le ( fa llin g e d g e ) 0 : R X w a k e u p d is a b le A d d re s s d e te c t m o d e 1 : e n a b le 0 : d is a b le H ig h b a u d r a te s e le c t b it 1 : h ig h s p e e d 0 : lo w s p e e d R e c e iv e r e n a b le b it 1 : r e c e iv e r e n a b le 0 : r e c e iv e r d is a b le T r a n s m itte r e n a b le b it 1 : tr a n s m itte r e n a b le 0 : tr a n s m itte r d is a b le Rev. 1.10 38 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 ¨ TXEN The TXEN bit is the Transmitter Enable Bit. When this bit is equal to ²0² the transmitter will be disabled with any pending transmissions being aborted. In addition the buffer will be reset. In this situation the TX pin can be used as a general purpose I/O pin. If the TXEN bit is equal to ²1² the transmitter will be enabled and if the UARTEN bit is equal to ²1² the TX pin will be controlled by the UART. Clearing the TXEN bit during a transmission will cause the transmission to be aborted and will reset the transmitter. If this occurs, the TX pin can be used as a general purpose I/O pin. By programming the BRGH bit which allows selection of the related formula and programming the required value in the BRG register, the required baud rate can be setup. Note that because the actual baud rate is determined using a discrete value, N, placed in the BRG register, there will be an error associated between the actual and requested value. The following example shows how the BRG register value N and the error value can be calculated. Calculating the register and error values For a clock frequency of 4MHz, and with BRGH set to ²0² determine the BRG register value N, the actual baud rate and the error value for a desired baud rate of 4800. From the above table the desired baud rate BR fSYS = [64 (N + 1)] fSYS Re-arranging this equation gives N = -1 (BRx64) 4000000 - 1 = 12.0208 Giving a value for N = (4800x 64) · Baud rate generator To setup the speed of the serial data communication, the UART function contains its own dedicated baud rate generator. The baud rate is controlled by its own internal free running 8-bit timer, the period of which is determined by two factors. The first of these is the value placed in the BRG register and the second is the value of the BRGH bit within the UCR2 control register. The BRGH bit decides, if the baud rate generator is to be used in a high speed mode or low speed mode, which in turn determines the formula that is used to calculate the baud rate. The value in the BRG register determines the division factor, N, which is used in the following baud rate calculation formula. Note that N is the decimal value placed in the BRG register and has a range of between 0 and 255. UCR2 BRGH Bit Baud Rate 0 1 fSYS [64 (N + 1)] fSYS [16 (N + 1)] To obtain the closest value, a decimal value of 12 should be placed into the BRG register. This gives an actual or calculated baud rate value of 4000000 = 4808 BR = [64(12 + 1)] Therefore the error is equal to 4 8 0 8 4 8 0 0 4 8 0 0 = 0.16% The following tables show actual values of baud rate and error values for the two values of BRGH. Baud Rates for BRGH=0 Baud Rate K/BPS fSYS=4MHz fSYS=3.579545MHz BRG Kbaud Error (%) BRG Kbaud Error (%) 0.3 207 0.300 0.00 185 0.300 0.00 1.2 51 1.202 0.16 46 1.19 -0.83 2.4 25 2.404 0.16 22 2.432 1.32 4.8 12 4.808 0.16 11 4.661 -2.9 9.6 6 8.929 -6.99 5 9.321 -2.9 19.2 2 20.83 8.51 2 18.643 -2.9 38.4 1 ¾ ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ 57.6 0 62.5 8.51 0 55.93 -2.9 115.2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Baud Rates and Error Values for BRGH = 0 Rev. 1.10 39 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Baud Rates for BRGH=1 Baud Rate K/BPS fSYS=4MHz fSYS=3.579545MHz BRG Kbaud Error (%) BRG Kbaud Error (%) 0.3 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 1.2 207 1.202 0.16 185 1.203 0.23 2.4 103 2.404 0.16 92 2.406 0.23 4.8 51 4.808 0.16 46 4.76 -0.83 9.6 25 9.615 0.16 22 9.727 1.32 19.2 12 19.231 0.16 11 18.643 -2.9 38.4 6 35.714 -6.99 5 37.286 -2.9 57.6 3 62.5 8.51 3 55.930 -2.9 115.2 1 125 8.51 1 111.86 -2.9 250 0 250 0 ¾ ¾ ¾ Baud Rates and Error Values for BRGH = 1 · Setting up and controlling the UART ¨ ¨ Clearing the UARTEN bit will disable the TX and RX pins and allow these two pins to be used as normal I/O pins. When the UART function is disabled the buffer will be reset to an empty condition, at the same time discarding any remaining residual data. Disabling the UART will also reset the error and status flags with bits TXEN, RXEN, TXBRK, RXIF, OERR, FERR, PERR and NF being cleared while bits TIDLE, TXIF and RIDLE will be set. The remaining control bits in the UCR1, UCR2 and BRG registers will remain unaffected. If the UARTEN bit in the UCR1 register is cleared while the UART is active, then all pending transmissions and receptions will be immediately suspended and the UART will be reset to a condition as defined above. If the UART is then subsequently re-enabled, it will restart again in the same configuration. Introduction For data transfer, the UART function utilizes a non-return-to-zero, more commonly known as NRZ, format. This is composed of one start bit, eight or nine data bits, and one or two stop bits. Parity is supported by the UART hardware, and can be setup to be even, odd or no parity. For the most common data format, 8 data bits along with no parity and one stop bit, denoted as 8, N, 1, is used as the default setting, which is the setting at power-on. The number of data bits and stop bits, along with the parity, are setup by programming the corresponding BNO, PRT, PREN, and STOPS bits in the UCR1 register. The baud rate used to transmit and receive data is setup using the internal 8-bit baud rate generator, while the data is transmitted and received LSB first. Although the UART¢s transmitter and receiver are functionally independent, they both use the same data format and baud rate. In all cases stop bits will be used for data transmission. ¨ Enabling/disabling the UART The basic on/off function of the internal UART function is controlled using the UARTEN bit in the UCR1 register. As the UART transmit and receive pins, TX and RX respectively, are pin-shared with normal I/O pins, one of the basic functions of the UARTEN control bit is to control the UART function of these two pins. If the UARTEN, TXEN and RXEN bits are set, then these two I/O pins will be setup as a TX output pin and an RX input pin respectively, in effect disabling the normal I/O pin function. If no data is being transmitted on the TX pin then it will default to a logic high value. Rev. 1.10 40 Data, parity and stop bit selection The format of the data to be transferred, is composed of various factors such as data bit length, parity on/off, parity type, address bits and the number of stop bits. These factors are determined by the setup of various bits within the UCR1 register. The BNO bit controls the number of data bits which can be set to either 8 or 9, the PRT bit controls the choice of odd or even parity, the PREN bit controls the parity on/off function and the STOPS bit decides whether one or two stop bits are to be used. The following table shows various formats for data transmission. The address bit identifies the frame as an address character. The number of stop bits, which can be either one or two, is independent of the data length. May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Start Bit Data Bits Address Bits Parity Bits Stop Bit ¨ Example of 8-bit Data Formats 1 8 0 0 1 1 7 0 1 1 7 1 0 1 1 1 Example of 9-bit Data Formats 1 9 0 0 1 1 8 0 1 1 1 8 11 0 1 Transmitting data When the UART is transmitting data, the data is shifted on the TX pin from the shift register, with the least significant bit first. In the transmit mode, the TXR register forms a buffer between the internal bus and the transmitter shift register. It should be noted that if 9-bit data format has been selected, then the MSB will be taken from the TX8 bit in the UCR1 register. The steps to initiate a data transfer can be summarized as follows: - Make the correct selection of the BNO, PRT, PREN and STOPS bits to define the required word length, parity type and number of stop bits. - Setup the BRG register to select the desired baud rate. - Set the TXEN bit to ensure that the TX pin is used as a UART transmitter pin and not as an I/O pin. - Access the USR register and write the data that is to be transmitted into the TXR register. Note that this step will clear the TXIF bit. - This sequence of events can now be repeated to send additional data. Transmitter Receiver Data Format The following diagram shows the transmit and receive waveforms for both 8-bit and 9-bit data formats. · UART transmitter Data word lengths of either 8 or 9 bits, can be selected by programming the BNO bit in the UCR1 register. When BNO bit is set, the word length will be set to 9 bits. In this case the 9th bit, which is the MSB, needs to be stored in the TX8 bit in the UCR1 register. At the transmitter core lies the Transmitter Shift Register, more commonly known as the TSR, whose data is obtained from the transmit data register, which is known as the TXR register. The data to be transmitted is loaded into this TXR register by the application program. The TSR register is not written to with new data until the stop bit from the previous transmission has been sent out. As soon as this stop bit has been transmitted, the TSR can then be loaded with new data from the TXR register, if it is available. It should be noted that the TSR register, unlike many other registers, is not directly mapped into the Data Memory area and as such is not available to the application program for direct read/write operations. An actual transmission of data will normally be enabled when the TXEN bit is set, but the data will not be transmitted until the TXR register has been loaded with data and the baud rate generator has defined a shift clock source. However, the transmission can also be initiated by first loading data into the TXR register, after which the TXEN bit can be set. When a transmission of data begins, the TSR is normally empty, in which case a transfer to the TXR register will result in an immediate transfer to the TSR. If during a transmission the TXEN bit is cleared, the transmission will immediately cease and the transmitter will be reset. The TX output pin will then return to having a normal general purpose I/O pin function. It should be noted that when TXIF=0, data will be inhibited from being written to the TXR register. Clearing the TXIF flag is always achieved using the following software sequence: 1. A USR register access 2. A TXR register write execution The read-only TXIF flag is set by the UART hardware and if set indicates that the TXR register is empty and that other data can now be written into the TXR register without overwriting the previous data. If the TEIE bit is set then the TXIF flag will generate an interrupt. During a data transmission, a write instruction to the TXR register will place the data into the TXR register, which will be copied to the shift register at the end of the present transmission. When there is no data transmission in progress, a write instruction to the TXR register will place the data directly into the shift register, resulting in the commencement of data transmission, and the TXIF bit being immediately set. When a frame transmission is complete, which happens after stop bits are sent or after the break frame, the TIDLE bit will be set. To clear the TIDLE bit the following software sequence is used: 1. A USR register access 2. A TXR register write execution Note that both the TXIF and TIDLE bits are cleared by the same software sequence. P a r ity B it S ta r t B it B it 0 B it 1 B it 2 B it 3 B it 4 B it 5 B it 6 B it 7 S to p B it N e x t S ta rt B it 8 -B it D a ta F o r m a t P a r ity B it S ta r t B it B it 0 B it 1 B it 2 B it 3 B it 4 B it 5 B it 6 B it 7 B it 8 S to p B it N e x t S ta rt B it 9 -B it D a ta F o r m a t Rev. 1.10 41 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 ¨ - Transmit break If the TXBRK bit is set then break characters will be sent on the next transmission. Break character transmission consists of a start bit, followed by 13´ N ¢0¢ bits and stop bits, where N=1, 2, etc. If a break character is to be transmitted then the TXBRK bit must be first set by the application program, then cleared to generate the stop bits. Transmitting a break character will not generate a transmit interrupt. Note that a break condition length is at least 13 bits long. If the TXBRK bit is continually kept at a logic high level then the transmitter circuitry will transmit continuous break characters. After the application program has cleared the TXBRK bit, the transmitter will finish transmitting the last break character and subsequently send out one or two stop bits. The automatic logic highs at the end of the last break character will ensure that the start bit of the next frame is recognized. At this point the receiver will be enabled which will begin to look for a start bit. When a character is received the following sequence of events will occur: - The RXIF bit in the USR register will be set when RXR register has data available, at least one more character can be read. Introduction The UART is capable of receiving word lengths of either 8 or 9 bits. If the BNO bit is set, the word length will be set to 9 bits with the MSB being stored in the RX8 bit of the UCR1 register. At the receiver core lies the Receive Serial Shift Register, commonly known as the RSR. The data which is received on the RX external input pin, is sent to the data recovery block. The data recovery block operating speed is 16 times that of the baud rate, while the main receive serial shifter operates at the baud rate. After the RX pin is sampled for the stop bit, the received data in RSR is transferred to the receive data register, if the register is empty. The data which is received on the external RX input pin is sampled three times by a majority detect circuit to determine the logic level that has been placed onto the RX pin. It should be noted that the RSR register, unlike many other registers, is not directly mapped into the Data Memory area and as such is not available to the application program for direct read/write operations. ¨ Receiving data When the UART receiver is receiving data, the data is serially shifted in on the external RX input pin, LSB first. In the read mode, the RXR register forms a buffer between the internal bus and the receiver shift register. The RXR register is a two byte deep FIFO data buffer, where two bytes can be held in the FIFO while a third byte can continue to be received. Note that the application program must ensure that the data is read from RXR before the third byte has been completely shifted in, otherwise this third byte will be discarded and an overrun error OERR will be subsequently indicated. The steps to initiate a data transfer can be summarized as follows: - Make the correct selection of BNO, PRT, PREN and STOPS bits to define the word length, parity type and number of stop bits. - Setup the BRG register to select the desired baud rate. Rev. 1.10 - When the contents of the shift register have been transferred to the RXR register, then if the RIE bit is set, an interrupt will be generated. - If during reception, a frame error, noise error, parity error, or an overrun error has been detected, then the error flags can be set. The RXIF bit can be cleared using the following software sequence: 1. A USR register access 2. An RXR register read execution · UART receiver ¨ Set the RXEN bit to ensure that the RX pin is used as a UART receiver pin and not as an I/O pin. ¨ ¨ 42 Receive break Any break character received by the UART will be managed as a framing error. The receiver will count and expect a certain number of bit times as specified by the values programmed into the BNO and STOPS bits. If the break is much longer than 13 bit times, the reception will be considered as complete after the number of bit times specified by BNO and STOPS. The RXIF bit is set, FERR is set, zeros are loaded into the receive data register, interrupts are generated if appropriate and the RIDLE bit is set. If a long break signal has been detected and the receiver has received a start bit, the data bits and the invalid stop bit, which sets the FERR flag, the receiver must wait for a valid stop bit before looking for the next start bit. The receiver will not make the assumption that the break condition on the line is the next start bit. A break is regarded as a character that contains only zeros with the FERR flag set. The break character will be loaded into the buffer and no further data will be received until stop bits are received. It should be noted that the RIDLE read only flag will go high when the stop bits have not yet been received. The reception of a break character on the UART registers will result in the following: - The framing error flag, FERR, will be set. - The receive data register, RXR, will be cleared. - The OERR, NF, PERR, RIDLE or RXIF flags will possibly be set. Idle status When the receiver is reading data, which means it will be in between the detection of a start bit and the reading of a stop bit, the receiver status flag in the USR register, otherwise known as the RIDLE flag, will have a zero value. In between the reception of a stop bit and the detection of the next start bit, the RIDLE flag will have a high value, which indicates the receiver is in an idle condition. May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 ¨ Receiver interrupt The read only receive interrupt flag RXIF in the USR register is set by an edge generated by the receiver. An interrupt is generated if RIE=1, when a word is transferred from the Receive Shift Register, RSR, to the Receive Data Register, RXR. An overrun error can also generate an interrupt if RIE=1. rises at the same time as the RXIF bit which itself generates an interrupt. Note that the NF flag is reset by a USR register read operation followed by an RXR register read operation. ¨ Framing Error - FERR Flag The read only framing error flag, FERR, in the USR register, is set if a zero is detected instead of stop bits. If two stop bits are selected, both stop bits must be high, otherwise the FERR flag will be set. The FERR flag is buffered along with the received data and is cleared on any reset. ¨ Parity Error - PERR Flag The read only parity error flag, PERR, in the USR register, is set if the parity of the received word is incorrect. This error flag is only applicable if the parity is enabled, PREN = 1, and if the parity type, odd or even is selected. The read only PERR flag is buffered along with the received data bytes. It is cleared on any reset. It should be noted that the FERR and PERR flags are buffered along with the corresponding word and should be read before reading the data word. · Managing receiver errors Several types of reception errors can occur within the UART module, the following section describes the various types and how they are managed by the UART. ¨ Overrun Error - OERR flag The RXR register is composed of a two byte deep FIFO data buffer, where two bytes can be held in the FIFO register, while a third byte can continue to be received. Before this third byte has been entirely shifted in, the data should be read from the RXR register. If this is not done, the overrun error flag OERR will be consequently indicated. In the event of an overrun error occurring, the following will happen: - The OERR flag in the USR register will be set. - The RXR contents will not be lost. - The shift register will be overwritten. · UART interrupt scheme The UART internal function possesses its own internal interrupt and independent interrupt vector. Several individual UART conditions can generate an internal UART interrupt. These conditions are, a transmitter data register empty, transmitter idle, receiver data available, receiver overrun, address detect and an RX pin wake-up. When any of these conditions are created, if the UART interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program will jump to the UART interrupt vector where it can be serviced before returning to the main program. Four of these conditions, have a corresponding USR register flag, which will generate a UART interrupt if its associated interrupt enable flag in the UCR2 register is set. The two transmitter interrupt conditions have their own corresponding enable bits, - An interrupt will be generated if the RIE bit is set. The OERR flag can be cleared by an access to the USR register followed by a read to the RXR register. ¨ Noise Error - NF Flag Over-sampling is used for data recovery to identify valid incoming data and noise. If noise is detected within a frame the following will occur: - The read only noise flag, NF, in the USR register will be set on the rising edge of the RXIF bit. - Data will be transferred from the Shift register to the RXR register. - No interrupt will be generated. However this bit U C R 2 R e g is te r U S R R e g is te r 0 T E IE T r a n s m itte r E m p ty F la g T X IF 1 IN T C 1 R e g is te r U A R T In te rru p t R e q u e s t F la g U R F 0 T IIE T r a n s m itte r Id le F la g T ID L E 1 R e c e iv e r O v e r r u n F la g O E R R R e c e iv e r D a ta A v a ila b le R X IF E M I 0 R IE O R E U R I IN T C 0 R e g is te r 1 0 A D D E N 1 0 1 R X P in W a k e -u p 0 W A K E R X 7 if B N O = 0 R X 8 if B N O = 1 1 U C R 2 R e g is te r UART Interrupt Scheme Rev. 1.10 43 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 mode is enabled, then to ensure correct operation, the parity function should be disabled by resetting the parity enable bit to zero. while the two receiver interrupt conditions have a shared enable bit. These enable bits can be used to mask out individual UART interrupt sources. The address detect condition, which is also a UART interrupt source, does not have an associated flag, but will generate a UART interrupt when an address detect condition occurs if its function is enabled by setting the ADDEN bit in the UCR2 register. An RX pin wake-up, which is also a UART interrupt source, does not have an associated flag, but will generate a UART interrupt if the microcontroller is woken up by a low going edge on the RX pin, if the WAKE and RIE bits in the UCR2 register are set. Note that in the event of an RX wake-up interrupt occurring, there will be a delay of 1024 system clock cycles before the system resumes normal operation. Note that the USR register flags are read only and cannot be cleared or set by the application program, neither will they be cleared when the program jumps to the corresponding interrupt servicing routine, as is the case for some of the other interrupts. The flags will be cleared automatically when certain actions are taken by the UART, the details of which are given in the UART register section. The overall UART interrupt can be disabled or enabled by the EURI bit in the INTC1 interrupt control register to prevent a UART interrupt from occurring. ADDEN 0 1 0 Ö 1 Ö 0 X 1 Ö ADDEN Bit Function · UART operation in power down mode When the MCU is in the Power Down Mode the UART will cease to function. When the device enters the Power Down Mode, all clock sources to the module are shutdown. If the MCU enters the Power Down Mode while a transmission is still in progress, then the transmission will be terminated and the external TX transmit pin will be forced to a logic high level. In a similar way, if the MCU enters the Power Down Mode while receiving data, then the reception of data will likewise be terminated. When the MCU enters the Power Down Mode, note that the USR, UCR1, UCR2, transmit and receive registers, as well as the BRG register will not be affected. The UART function contains a receiver RX pin wake-up function, which is enabled or disabled by the WAKE bit in the UCR2 register. If this bit, along with the UART enable bit, UARTEN, the receiver enable bit, RXEN and the receiver interrupt bit, RIE, are all set before the MCU enters the Power Down Mode, then a falling edge on the RX pin will wake-up the MCU from the Power Down Mode. Note that as it takes 1024 system clock cycles after a wake-up, before normal microcontroller operation resumes, any data received during this time on the RX pin will be ignored. For a UART wake-up interrupt to occur, in addition to the bits for the wake-up being set, the global interrupt enable bit, EMI, and the UART interrupt enable bit, EURI must also be set. If these two bits are not set then only a wake up event will occur and no interrupt will be generated. Note also that as it takes 1024 system clock cycles after a wake-up before normal microcontroller resumes, the UART interrupt will not be generated until after this time has elapsed. · Address detect mode Setting the Address Detect Mode bit, ADDEN, in the UCR2 register, enables this special mode. If this bit is enabled then an additional qualifier will be placed on the generation of a Receiver Data Available interrupt, which is requested by the RXIF flag. If the ADDEN bit is enabled, then when data is available, an interrupt will only be generated, if the highest received bit has a high value. Note that the EURI and EMI interrupt enable bits must also be enabled for correct interrupt generation. This highest address bit is the 9th bit if BNO=1 or the 8th bit if BNO=0. If this bit is high, then the received word will be defined as an address rather than data. A Data Available interrupt will be generated every time the last bit of the received word is set. If the ADDEN bit is not enabled, then a Receiver Data Available interrupt will be generated each time the RXIF flag is set, irrespective of the data last bit status. The address detect mode and parity enable are mutually exclusive functions. Therefore if the address detect Rev. 1.10 Bit 9 if BNO=1, UART Interrupt Bit 8 if BNO=0 Generated 44 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Serial Interface Serial interface function has four basic signals included. They are SDI (serial data input), SDO (serial data output), SCK (serial clock) and SCS (slave select pin). Note: SCS can be named SCS in the design note. S C S C L K S D I S D O S B C R D 7 /D 0 D 6 /D 1 D 5 /D 2 D 4 /D 3 D 3 /D 4 D 2 /D 5 D 1 /D 6 D 0 /D 7 D 7 /D 0 D 6 /D 1 D 5 /D 2 D 4 /D 3 D 3 /D 4 D 2 /D 5 D 1 /D 6 D 0 /D 7 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 C K S M 1 M 0 S B E N M L S C S E N W C O L T R F D E F A U L T : S E R IA L B U S 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 S B D R U U U U U U U U D A T A R E G IS T E R D E F A U L T S B D R S B C R C O N T R O L R E G IS T E R : S E R IA L B U S N o te : "U " m e a n s u n c h a n g e d . ¨ Two registers (SBCR and SBDR) unique to serial interface provide control, status, and data storage. · SBCR: Serial bus control register Bit7 (CKS) clock source selection: fSIO=fSYS/4, select as 0 Bit6 (M1), Bit5 (M0) master/slave mode and baud rate selection M1, M0: 00 ® MASTER MODE, BAUD RATE= fSIO 01 ® MASTER MODE, BAUD RATE= fSIO/4 10 ® MASTER MODE, BAUD RATE= fSIO/16 11 ® SLAVE MODE · Bit4 (SBEN) ® serial bus enable/disable (1/0) ¨ · SBDR: Serial bus data register Enable: (SCS dependent on CSEN bit) Disable ® enable: SCK, SDI, SDO, SCS= 0 (SCKB= ²0²) and waiting for writing data to SBDR (TXRX buffer) Master mode: write data to SBDR (TXRX buffer) start transmission/reception automatically Master mode: when data has been transferred, set TRF Slave mode: when an SCK (and SCS dependent on CSEN) is received, data in TXRX buffer is shifted-out and data on SDI is shifted-in. Rev. 1.10 Disable: SCK (SCK), SDI, SDO, SCS floating Bit3 (MLS) ® MSB or LSB (1/0) shift first control bit Bit2 (CSEN) ® serial bus selection signal enable/disable (SCS), when CSEN=0, SCSB is floating. Bit1 (WCOL) ® this bit is set to 1 if data is written to SBDR (TXRX buffer) when data is transferred, writing will be ignored if data is written to SBDR (TXRX buffer) when data is transferred. Bit0 (TRF) ® data transferred or data received used to generate an interrupt. Note: data receiving is still working when the MCU enters HALT mode. Data written to SBDR ® write data to TXRX buffer only Data read from SBDR ® read from SBDR only Operating Mode description: Master transmitter: clock sending and data I/O started by writing SBDR Master clock sending started by writing SBDR Slave transmitter: data I/O started by clock received Slave receiver: data I/O started by clock received 45 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Clock polarity= rising (CLK) or falling (CLK): 1 or 0 (mask option) Modes Operations 1. Select CKS and select M1, M0 = 00,01,10 2. Select CSEN, MLS (the same as the slave) 3. Set SBEN 4. Writing data to SBDR ® data is stored in TXRX buffer ® output CLK (and SCS) signals ® go to step 5 ® (SIO internal operation ® data stored in TXRX buffer, and SDI data is shifted into TXRX buffer ® data transferred, data in TXRX buffer is latched into SBDR) Master 5. Check WCOL; WCOL= 1 ® clear WCOL and go to step 4; WCOL= 0 ® go to step 6 6. Check TRF or waiting for SBI (serial bus interrupt) 7. Read data from SBDR 8. Clear TRF 9. Go to step 4 1. CKS don¢t care and select M1, M0= 11 2. Select CSEN, MLS (the same as the master) 3. Set SBEN 4. Writing data to SBDR ® data is stored in TXRX buffer ® waiting for master clock signal (and SCS): CLK ® go to step 5 ® (SIO internal operations ® CLK (SCS) received ® output data in TXRX buffer and SDI data is shifted into TXRX buffer ® data transferred, data in TXRX buffer is latched into SBDR) 5. Check WCOL; WCOL= 1 ® clear WCOL, go to step 4; WCOL= 0 ® go to step 6 6. Check TRF or wait for SBI (serial bus interrupt) 7. Read data from SBDR 8. 9. Clear TRF Go to step 4 Slave Operation of Serial Interface WCOL: master/slave mode, set while writing to SBDR when data is transferring (transmitting or receiving) and this writing will then be ignored. WCOL function can be enabled/disabled by mask option. WCOL is set by SIO and cleared by users. SCS pin (master and slave) should be floating. CSEN has 2 options: CSEN mask option is used to enable/disable software CSEN function. If CSEN mask option is disabled, the software CSEN is always disabled. If CSEN mask option is enabled, software CSEN function can be used. Data transmission and reception are still working when the MCU enters the HALT mode. SBEN= 1 ® serial bus standby; SCS (CSEN= 1) = 1; SCS= floating (CSEN= 0); SDI= floating; SDO= 1; master CLK= output 1/0 (dependent on CPOL mask option), slave CLK= floating CPOL is used to select the clock polarity of CLK. It is a mask option. MLS: MSB or LSB first selection SBEN= 0 ® serial bus disabled; SCS= SDI= SDO= CLK= floating CSEN: chip select function enable/disable, CSEN=1 ® SCS signal function is active. Master should output SCS signal before CLK signal is set and slave data transferring should be disabled (or enabled) before (after) SCS signal is received. CSEN= 0, SCS signal is not needed, Rev. 1.10 TRF is set by SIO and cleared by users. When data transfer (transmission and reception) is completed, TRF is set to generate SBI (serial bus interrupt). 46 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 S B E N = 1 , C S E N = 0 a n d w r ite d a ta to S B D R ( if p u ll- h ig h e d ) S B E N = C S E N = 1 a n d w r ite d a ta to S B D R S C S C L K D 7 /D 0 D 6 /D 1 D 5 /D 2 D 4 /D 3 D 3 /D 4 D 2 /D 5 D 1 /D 6 D 0 /D 7 S D I D 7 /D 0 D 6 /D 1 D 5 /D 2 D 4 /D 3 D 3 /D 4 D 2 /D 5 D 1 /D 6 D 0 /D 7 S D O C L K B S B C R D e fa u lt S B D R D e fa u lt D 7 C K S 0 D 7 u D 6 M 1 1 D 6 u D 5 M 0 1 D 5 u D 4 S B E N 0 D 4 u D 3 M L S 0 D 3 u D 2 C S E N 0 D 2 u D 1 W C O L 0 D 1 u D 0 T R F 0 D 0 u N o te : "u " m e a n s u n c h a n g e d . D a ta B u s S B D R ( R e c e iv e d D a ta R e g is te r ) D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 M S D O U X B u ffe r S B E N M L S M In te r n a l B a u d R a te C lo c k a n d , s ta rt E N C L K a n d , s ta rt C lo c k P o la r ity S D I U X M S D O U X T R F C 0 C 1 C 2 M a s te r o r S la v e A N D In te r n a l B u s y F la g S B E N a n d , s ta rt E N W r ite S B D R W r ite S B D R S B E N W C O L F la g E n a b le /D is a b le W r ite S B D R S C S M a s te r o r S la v e S B E N C S E N W C O L : s e t b C S E N : e n a b 1 . m a s te r 2 . s la v e m S B E N : e n a b 1 . W h e n S 2 . W h e n S T R F 1 : d a ta C P O L 1 /0 : c Rev. 1.10 y S IO c le a r e d b y u s e r s le /d is a b le c h ip s e le c tio n fu n c tio m o d e 1 /0 : w ith /w ith o u t S C S B o o d e 1 /0 : w ith /w ith o u t S C S B in p le /d is a b le s e r ia l b u s ( 0 : in itia liz B E N = 0 , a ll s ta tu s fla g s s h o u ld B E N = 0 , a ll S IO r e la te d fu n c tio tr a n s m itte d o r r e c e iv e d , 0 : d a ta lo c k p o la r ity r is in g /fa llin g e d g e 47 n p u tp u t e a b e n p is : m in u t fu n c tio n c o n tro l fu n ll s ta tu s fla in itia liz e d in s s h o u ld tr a n s m ittin a s k o p tio n c tio n g s ) s ta y a t flo a tin g s ta te g o r s till n o t r e c e iv e d May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Options The following shows the options in the device. All these options should be defined in order to ensure having a proper functioning system. Options OSC type selection. This option is to determine if an RC or crystal or 32768Hz crystal oscillator is chosen as system clock. WDT, RTC and time base clock source selection. There are three types of selections: system clock/4 or RTC OSC or WDT OSC. WDT enable/disable selection. WDT can be enabled or disabled by option. WDT time-out period selection. There are four types of selection: WDT clock source divided by 212/fS~213/fS, 213/fS~214/fS, 214/fS~215/fS or 215/fS~216/fS. CLR WDT times selection. This option defines the method to clear the WDT by instruction. ²One time² means that the ²CLR WDT² can clear the WDT. ²Two times² means only if both of the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² have been executed, only then can the WDT be cleared. Time Base time-out period selection. The Time Base time-out period ranges from clock/212 to clock/215. ²clock² means the clock source selected by options. Buzzer output frequency selection. There are eight types of frequency signals for the buzzer output: clock/22 ~ clock/29. ²clock² means the clock source selected by options. Wake-up selection. This option defines the wake-up capability. External I/O pins (PA only) all have the capability to wake-up the chip from a HALT by a falling edge (bit option). Pull-high selection. This option is to determine whether the pull-high resistance is viable or not in the input mode of the I/O ports. PA, PB, PC and PD can be independently selected (bit option). I/O pins share with other function selections. PA0/BZ, PA1/BZ: PA0 and PA1 can be set as I/O pins or buzzer outputs. PA3/PFD: PA3 can be set as I/O pins or PFD output. LCD common selection. There are three types of selections: 2 common (1/2 duty) or 3 common (1/3 duty) or 4 common (1/4 duty). If the 4 common is selected, the segment output pin ²SEG46² will be set as a common output. LCD bias power supply selection. There are two types of selections: 1/2 bias or 1/3 bias LCD bias type selection. This option is to determine what kind of bias is selected, R type or C type (Low or high bias current option). LCD driver clock frequency selection. There are seven types of frequency signals for the LCD driver circuits: fS/22~fS/28. ²fS² stands for the clock source selection by options. LCD ON/OFF at HALT selection. LCD Segments as logical output selection, (byte, byte, bit, bit, bit, bit, bit, bit, bit, bit option) [SEG0~SEG7], [SEG8~SEG15], SEG16, SEG17, SEG18, SEG19, SEG20, SEG21, SEG22, or SEG23 LVR selection. LVR has enable or disable options LVD selection. LVD has enable or disable options Rev. 1.10 48 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Options PFD selection. If PA3 is set as PFD output, there are two types of selections; One is PFD0 as the PFD output, the other is PFD1 as the PFD output. PFD0, PFD1 are the timer overflow signals of the Timer/Event Counter 0, Timer/Event Counter 1 respectively. PWM mode select: (7+1) or (6+2) mode PD0: level output or PWM0 output PD1: level output or PWM1 output PD2: level output or PWM2 output PD3: level output or PWM3 output INT0 or INT1 triggering edge selection: disable; high to low; low to high; low to high or high to low. INT0 trigger source selection. There are two types of selection: INT0 pin or A/D conversion completed. Interrupt vector selection. 08H: INT1, 14H: UART or 08H: SIO, 14H: UART or 08H: INT1, 14H: SIO SIO selection. SIO has enable a disable options SIO WCOL selection. SIO WCOL has enable or disable options. SIO CSEN selection. SIO CSEN has enable or disable options. SIO CPOL selection. SIO CPOL has enable or disable options. Rev. 1.10 49 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Application Circuits V D D C O M 0 ~ C O M 2 C O M 3 /S E G 4 6 S E G 0 ~ S E G 4 5 V D D R e s e t C ir c u it 1 0 0 k W 0 .1 m F L C D P a n e l V L C D L C D P o w e r S u p p ly V M A X L C D H ig h V o lta g e R E S C 1 0 .1 m F 0 .1 m F C 2 V S S V 1 0 .1 m F 3 2 7 6 8 H z V D D 4 7 0 p F V 2 O S C 3 O S C 4 ~ P D 0 /P W M 0 P D 3 /P W M 3 P D 4 /IN T 0 P D 5 /IN T 1 0 .1 m F P A 0 /B P A 1 /B P A P A 3 /P F P A 4 ~ P A R O S C O S C 1 fS C 1 Z C 2 D 7 R 1 O S C 2 O S C 2 C r y s ta l/R e s o n a to r S y s te m O s c illa to r F o r R 1 , C 1 , C 2 s e e n o te ~ P B 0 /A N 0 P B 7 /A N 7 /4 O S C 1 Z 2 Y S R C S y s te m O s c illa to r 2 4 k W < R O S C < 1 M W P D 6 /T M R 0 P D 7 /T M R 1 O S C C ir c u it O S C 1 O S C 2 P C 0 /T P C 1 ~ P C P C M R P C 6 /T 7 /R O S C 1 X 2 X 5 O S C 2 H T 4 6 R U 6 7 /H T 4 6 C U 6 7 O S C 3 2 7 6 8 H z C ry s ta l S y s te m O s c illa to r O S C 1 a n d O S C 2 le ft u n c o n n e c te d C ir c u it Note: 1. Crystal/resonator system oscillators For crystal oscillators, C1 and C2 are only required for some crystal frequencies to ensure oscillation. For resonator applications C1 and C2 are normally required for oscillation to occur. For most applications it is not necessary to add R1. However if the LVR function is disabled, and if it is required to stop the oscillator when VDD falls below its operating range, it is recommended that R1 is added. The values of C1 and C2 should be selected in consultation with the crystal/resonator manufacturer specifications. 2. Reset circuit The reset circuit resistance and capacitance values should be chosen to ensure that VDD is stable and remains within its operating voltage range before the RES pin reaches a high level. Ensure that the length of the wiring connected to the RES pin is kept as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. 3. For applications where noise may interfere with the reset circuit and for details on the oscillator external components, refer to Application Note HA0075E for more information. Rev. 1.10 50 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Instruction Set subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when results exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values in the destination specified. Introduction C e n t ra l t o t he s uc c es s f ul oper a t i on o f a n y microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads. Logical and Rotate Operations For easier understanding of the various instruction codes, they have been subdivided into several functional groupings. The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass through the Accumulator which may involve additional programming steps. In all logical data operations, the zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero. Another form of logical data manipulation comes from the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for serial port programming applications where data can be rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit set high or low. Another application where rotate data operations are used is to implement multiplication and division calculations. Instruction Timing Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system oscillator, most instructions would be implemented within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be implemented within 1ms. Although instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other instructions which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low register or PCL will also take one more cycle to implement. As instructions which change the contents of the PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A². For the case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the result of the comparison involves a skip operation then this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved then only one cycle is required. Branches and Control Transfer Program branching takes the form of either jumps to specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has been carried out. This is done by placing a return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause the program to jump back to the address right after the CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the program simply jumps to the desired location. There is no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding the condition of a certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and jump to the following instruction. These instructions are the key to decision making and branching within the program perhaps determined by the condition of certain input switches or by the condition of internal data bits. Moving and Transferring Data The transfer of data within the microcontroller program is one of the most frequently used operations. Making use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be transferred from registers to the Accumulator and vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most important data transfer applications is to receive data from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports. Arithmetic Operations The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and data manipulation is a necessary feature of most microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and Rev. 1.10 51 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Bit Operations Other Operations The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for output port bit programming where individual bits or port pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET [m].i² or ²CLR [m].i² instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the 8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure that other bits are not changed and then output the port with the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when these bit operation instructions are used. In addition to the above functional instructions, a range of other instructions also exist such as the ²HALT² instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic environments. For their relevant operations, refer to the functional related sections. Instruction Set Summary The following table depicts a summary of the instruction set categorised according to function and can be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions. Table Read Operations Table conventions: Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large amounts of fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions provides the means by which this fixed data can be referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory. Mnemonic x: Bits immediate data m: Data Memory address A: Accumulator i: 0~7 number of bits addr: Program memory address Description Cycles Flag Affected 1 1Note 1 1 1Note 1 1 1Note 1 1Note 1Note Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV C 1 1 1 1Note 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 1 1Note 1 1Note Z Z Z Z Arithmetic ADD A,[m] ADDM A,[m] ADD A,x ADC A,[m] ADCM A,[m] SUB A,x SUB A,[m] SUBM A,[m] SBC A,[m] SBCM A,[m] DAA [m] Add Data Memory to ACC Add ACC to Data Memory Add immediate data to ACC Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry Add ACC to Data memory with Carry Subtract immediate data from the ACC Subtract Data Memory from ACC Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory Logic Operation AND A,[m] OR A,[m] XOR A,[m] ANDM A,[m] ORM A,[m] XORM A,[m] AND A,x OR A,x XOR A,x CPL [m] CPLA [m] Logical AND Data Memory to ACC Logical OR Data Memory to ACC Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC Logical AND ACC to Data Memory Logical OR ACC to Data Memory Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory Logical AND immediate Data to ACC Logical OR immediate Data to ACC Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC Complement Data Memory Complement Data Memory with result in ACC Increment & Decrement INCA [m] INC [m] DECA [m] DEC [m] Rev. 1.10 Increment Data Memory with result in ACC Increment Data Memory Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC Decrement Data Memory 52 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Mnemonic Description Cycles Flag Affected Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory right Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory right through Carry Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory left Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory left through Carry 1 1Note 1 1Note 1 1Note 1 1Note None None C C None None C C Move Data Memory to ACC Move ACC to Data Memory Move immediate data to ACC 1 1Note 1 None None None Clear bit of Data Memory Set bit of Data Memory 1Note 1Note None None Jump unconditionally Skip if Data Memory is zero Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero Skip if increment Data Memory is zero Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Subroutine call Return from subroutine Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Return from interrupt 2 1Note 1note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 2 2 2 2 None None None None None None None None None None None None None Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory 2Note 2Note None None No operation Clear Data Memory Set Data Memory Clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Swap nibbles of Data Memory Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC Enter power down mode 1 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1 1 None None None TO, PDF TO, PDF TO, PDF None None TO, PDF Rotate RRA [m] RR [m] RRCA [m] RRC [m] RLA [m] RL [m] RLCA [m] RLC [m] Data Move MOV A,[m] MOV [m],A MOV A,x Bit Operation CLR [m].i SET [m].i Branch JMP addr SZ [m] SZA [m] SZ [m].i SNZ [m].i SIZ [m] SDZ [m] SIZA [m] SDZA [m] CALL addr RET RET A,x RETI Table Read TABRDC [m] TABRDL [m] Miscellaneous NOP CLR [m] SET [m] CLR WDT CLR WDT1 CLR WDT2 SWAP [m] SWAPA [m] HALT Note: 1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required, if no skip takes place only one cycle is required. 2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution. 3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. Rev. 1.10 53 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Instruction Definition ADC A,[m] Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADCM A,[m] Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADD A,[m] Add Data Memory to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADD A,x Add immediate data to ACC Description The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC + x Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C ADDM A,[m] Add ACC to Data Memory Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C AND A,[m] Logical AND Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) Z AND A,x Logical AND immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x Affected flag(s) Z ANDM A,[m] Logical AND ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.10 54 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 CALL addr Subroutine call Description Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction. Operation Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1 Program Counter ¬ addr Affected flag(s) None CLR [m] Clear Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m] ¬ 00H Affected flag(s) None CLR [m].i Clear bit of Data Memory Description Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m].i ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) None CLR WDT Clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF CLR WDT1 Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no effect. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF CLR WDT2 Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Description The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no effect. Operation WDT cleared TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF Rev. 1.10 55 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 CPL [m] Complement Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. Operation [m] ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Z CPLA [m] Complement Data Memory with result in ACC Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Z DAA [m] Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory Description Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by adding 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition. Operation [m] ¬ ACC + 00H or [m] ¬ ACC + 06H or [m] ¬ ACC + 60H or [m] ¬ ACC + 66H Affected flag(s) C DEC [m] Decrement Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. Operation [m] ¬ [m] - 1 Affected flag(s) Z DECA [m] Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] - 1 Affected flag(s) Z HALT Enter power down mode Description This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared. Operation TO ¬ 0 PDF ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) TO, PDF Rev. 1.10 56 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 INC [m] Increment Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. Operation [m] ¬ [m] + 1 Affected flag(s) Z INCA [m] Increment Data Memory with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] + 1 Affected flag(s) Z JMP addr Jump unconditionally Description The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction. Operation Program Counter ¬ addr Affected flag(s) None MOV A,[m] Move Data Memory to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) None MOV A,x Move immediate data to ACC Description The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) None MOV [m],A Move ACC to Data Memory Description The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC Affected flag(s) None NOP No operation Description No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction. Operation No operation Affected flag(s) None OR A,[m] Logical OR Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.10 57 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 OR A,x Logical OR immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x Affected flag(s) Z ORM A,[m] Logical OR ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z RET Return from subroutine Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored address. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack Affected flag(s) None RET A,x Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) None RETI Return from interrupt Description The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed before returning to the main program. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack EMI ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) None RL [m] Rotate Data Memory left Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) [m].0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) None RLA [m] Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.10 58 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 RLC [m] Rotate Data Memory left through Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) [m].0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) C RLCA [m] Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6) ACC.0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) C RR [m] Rotate Data Memory right Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) [m].7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None RRA [m] Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) ACC.7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None RRC [m] Rotate Data Memory right through Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) [m].7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) C RRCA [m] Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) ACC.7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) C Rev. 1.10 59 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 SBC A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SBCM A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory Description The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SDZ [m] Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation [m] ¬ [m] - 1 Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SDZA [m] Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] - 1 Skip if ACC = 0 Affected flag(s) None SET [m] Set Data Memory Description Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ FFH Affected flag(s) None SET [m].i Set bit of Data Memory Description Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1. Operation [m].i ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.10 60 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 SIZ [m] Skip if increment Data Memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation [m] ¬ [m] + 1 Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SIZA [m] Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] + 1 Skip if ACC = 0 Affected flag(s) None SNZ [m].i Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0 Description If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m].i ¹ 0 Affected flag(s) None SUB A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC Description The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SUBM A,[m] Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory Description The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ ACC - [m] Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C SUB A,x Subtract immediate data from ACC Description The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. Operation ACC ¬ ACC - x Affected flag(s) OV, Z, AC, C Rev. 1.10 61 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 SWAP [m] Swap nibbles of Data Memory Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. Operation [m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4 Affected flag(s) None SWAPA [m] Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4 ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0 Affected flag(s) None SZ [m] Skip if Data Memory is 0 Description If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SZA [m] Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC Description The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Skip if [m] = 0 Affected flag(s) None SZ [m].i Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0 Description If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction. Operation Skip if [m].i = 0 Affected flag(s) None TABRDC [m] Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory Description The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH. Operation [m] ¬ program code (low byte) TBLH ¬ program code (high byte) Affected flag(s) None TABRDL [m] Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory Description The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH. Operation [m] ¬ program code (low byte) TBLH ¬ program code (high byte) Affected flag(s) None Rev. 1.10 62 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 XOR A,[m] Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z XORM A,[m] Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory Description Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) Z XOR A,x Logical XOR immediate data to ACC Description Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x Affected flag(s) Z Rev. 1.10 63 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Package Information 52-pin QFP (14mm´14mm) Outline Dimensions C H D 3 9 G 2 7 I 2 6 4 0 F A B E 1 4 5 2 K J 1 Symbol A Dimensions in inch Min. Nom. Max. 0.681 ¾ 0.689 B 0.547 ¾ 0.555 C 0.681 ¾ 0.689 D 0.547 ¾ 0.555 E ¾ 0.039 ¾ F ¾ 0.016 ¾ G 0.098 ¾ 0.122 H ¾ ¾ 0.134 I ¾ 0.004 ¾ J 0.029 ¾ 0.041 K 0.004 ¾ 0.008 a 0° ¾ 7° Symbol Rev. 1.10 1 3 Dimensions in mm Min. Nom. Max. A 17.30 ¾ 17.50 B 13.90 ¾ 14.10 C 17.30 ¾ 17.50 D 13.90 ¾ 14.10 E ¾ 1.00 ¾ F ¾ 0.40 ¾ G 2.50 ¾ 3.10 H ¾ ¾ 3.40 I ¾ 0.10 ¾ J 0.73 ¾ 1.03 K 0.10 ¾ 0.20 a 0° ¾ 7° 64 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 56-pin SSOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions 2 9 5 6 B A 2 8 1 C C ' G H D E Symbol A F Dimensions in inch Min. Nom. Max. 0.395 ¾ 0.420 B 0.291 ¾ 0.299 C 0.008 ¾ 0.012 C¢ 0.720 ¾ 0.730 D 0.089 ¾ 0.099 E ¾ 0.025 ¾ F 0.004 ¾ 0.010 G 0.025 ¾ 0.035 H 0.004 ¾ 0.012 a 0° ¾ 8° Symbol Rev. 1.10 a Dimensions in mm Min. Nom. Max. A 10.03 ¾ 10.67 B 7.39 ¾ 7.59 C 0.20 ¾ 0.30 C¢ 18.29 ¾ 18.54 D 2.26 ¾ 2.51 E ¾ 0.64 ¾ F 0.10 ¾ 0.25 G 0.64 ¾ 0.89 H 0.10 ¾ 0.30 a 0° ¾ 8° 65 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 100-pin QFP (14mm´20mm) Outline Dimensions C H D 8 0 G 5 1 I 5 0 8 1 F A B E 3 1 1 0 0 K a J 1 Symbol A Dimensions in inch Min. Nom. Max. 0.728 ¾ 0.756 B 0.547 ¾ 0.555 C 0.965 ¾ 0.992 D 0.783 ¾ 0.791 E ¾ 0.026 ¾ F ¾ 0.012 ¾ G 0.098 ¾ 0.122 H ¾ ¾ 0.134 I ¾ 0.004 ¾ J 0.039 ¾ 0.055 K 0.004 ¾ 0.008 a 0° ¾ 7° Symbol Rev. 1.10 3 0 Dimensions in mm Min. Nom. Max. A 18.50 ¾ 19.20 B 13.90 ¾ 14.10 C 24.50 ¾ 25.20 D 19.90 ¾ 20.10 E ¾ 0.65 ¾ F ¾ 0.30 ¾ G 2.50 ¾ 3.10 H ¾ ¾ 3.40 I ¾ 0.1 ¾ J 1.00 ¾ 1.40 K 0.10 ¾ 0.20 a 0° ¾ 7° 66 May 27, 2010 HT46RU67/HT46CU67 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters) No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan Tel: 886-3-563-1999 Fax: 886-3-563-1189 http://www.holtek.com.tw Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office) 4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-2655-7070 Fax: 886-2-2655-7373 Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline) Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office) 5F, Unit A, Productivity Building, No.5 Gaoxin M 2nd Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China 518057 Tel: 86-755-8616-9908, 86-755-8616-9308 Fax: 86-755-8616-9722 Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office) 46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538 Tel: 1-510-252-9880 Fax: 1-510-252-9885 http://www.holtek.com Copyright Ó 2010 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC. The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw. Rev. 1.10 67 May 27, 2010